MACC-II European emissions

OutlineMotivationEmission databasePM split in componentsSpatial distributionConclusions and future work

Jeroen KuenenMACC-II European emissionsMotivationAir quality models needs good quality emission input, which should...describe all (anthropogenic) sourcesbe consistent in time and spaceprovide the best (scientific) estimate for the emission

Why develop this inventory?Good emissions are the start of any environmental assessmentHowever, simply taking EMEP (gridded) emissions does not workGridded data are 50x50 km2 and not always availableReported emissions is following guidelines, which is not necesserily applying the best scienceOften not consistent between (neighbouring) countries

Jeroen KuenenMACC-II European emissionsTNO_MACC-II emission inventoryUpdating and improving TNO_MACC inventoryImproved point source representationImproved variation between years, adding 2008-2009Harmonization with latest reporting to the extent possible

Spatial resolution 1/8 x 1/16 degrees (lon/lat) ~ 7x7km

Pollutants covered:NOx, SO2, NMVOC, NH3CH4, COPM10, PM2.5 (and components)

Jeroen KuenenMACC-II European emissionsIn the ideal case, reported emissions from countries would be directly usable as input for AQ modellingThis means that the largest contributing sectors are as expected, or else the difference can be explainedThis also means that trends in time series are understandable

This works fine for a country like Germany...

But...Reported emissionsJeroen KuenenMACC-II European emissions

A thorough check of availability and quality of reported data is crucial! Differences from (e.g.)Errors in the dataResubmissions by countriesEvery historical year is reported every year, and methods change!Methodology in a nutshellMake use of official reported emissions (as of end 2011) where possible (staying as close as possible to what is used in policy)Reported emissions by source category (NFR/CRF)Disaggregated using IIASA GAINS emissions to 75 source categoriesDirect use of IIASA GAINS emissions in cases where reported data is not available or is not good enough

Corrections for specific sectors/pollutants, e.g.:NOx and NMVOC from agriculture excludedAgricultural waste burning from GAINS for all countriesCO not in GAINS; use of TNO internal bottom-up databaseArmenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia not in GAINS: data from EDGARInternational shipping added from CEIP; additional in-port emissions from TNO expert judgement

Jeroen KuenenMACC-II European emissionsResultsConsistent emission dataset for Europe (43 countries, 5 seas) and 8 pollutants, for 77 different source & fuel combinationsJeroen KuenenMACC-II European emissions

SNAP source categories:1 energy industry2 residential combustion3-4 industry5 extraction/distribution FF6 product use7 road transport8 other mobile sources9 waste10 agricultureChange in emissionJeroen KuenenMACC-II European emissions

TNO MACC-II European emissions Model-ready emission set for 2003-2009

Jeroen Kuenen, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Antoon VisschedijkTNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Jeroen KuenenMACC-II European emissions

Spatial distributionUse generic spatial distribution system throughout EuropeAll emission sources distributed using proxy parameters, e.g.

Population density(total, rural, urban)

Road network for non-urban emissionsJeroen KuenenMACC-II European emissions

Point sourcesUse of European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (and predecessor EPER): http://prtr.ec.europa.euEPER: 2001 and 2004E-PRTR: annual data from 2007 onwards

Used in TNO-MACC-II as relative proxy for distributing emissions for specific sector/fuel combinations (2004 proxy for years 2003-2005, 2007 also for 2006)

Where E-PRTR data not availableor not suitable, TNO PS info fromTNO_MACC-I has been used asproxy for distributing emissionsJeroen KuenenMACC-II European emissions

Resulting emission mapsJeroen KuenenMACC-II European emissions

NH3 in 2003SO2 in 2009Replace with maps from Sander if available in time!!!Titel van de presentatie20-9-2013 8:0713Jeroen KuenenMACC-II European emissions

EC 2009NOx 2009EC 2009 2003NOx 2009 2003Replace with maps from Sander if available in time!!!

Titel van de presentatie20-9-2013 8:0714Conclusion and outlookTNO_MACC-II: consistent and complete emission inventory for UNECE-Europe, in line with official emissions and suitable for policy analysis and support using AQ modelsAlready used in various research activities involving modelling e.g. MACC-II, AQMEII-2 model intercomparison study

Outlook; what we would like to do moreAdd more years (2010)Various semi-natural sources exist that are important for modelling AQ but not (well) covered in the reported emissionsExamples: Agricultural waste burning, resuspension by road transport, Soil NOx emissionson the side we aim to make data on semi-natural sources available as model input in the same formatJeroen KuenenMACC-II European emissions

Poster: E. Dammers et al., A regional analysis of biogenic soil NOx emissions across Europe

Soil NOx adds 0.39-0.49 Tg N for Europe (~10%)

Jeroen KuenenMACC-II European emissions

Thank you for your attention!This work was funded by

Interested in using TNO_MACC-II data? Please contact us!jeroen.kuenen@tno.nl; hugo.deniervandergon@tno.nl