TITLE PAGE - Philippine Statistics Authority€¦ · 1B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of...

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TITLE PAGE

Foreword i

Table of Contents ii

List of Figures iii

List of Tables iv

Assumptions and Procedures Used in Updating the Cost of Production of

Palay and Cornvii

Summary of Findings: 1

A. Palay 1

All Palay 1

Irrigated Palay 2

Non-Irrigated Palay 3

B. Corn 5

All Corn 5

White Corn 5

Yellow Corn 6

Summary Tables: 9

All Palay 10

Irrigated Palay 11

Non-Irrigated Palay 12

Statistical Tables - Palay 19

Summary Tables 72

All Corn 73

White Corn 73

Yellow Corn 74

Statistical Tables - Corn 78

TABLE OF CONTENTS

iii

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE

1All Palay: Total Costs per Hectare, by Season, by Region,

201514

2All Palay: Gross Returns per Hectare, by Season, by Region,

201514

3 All Palay: Net Profit-Cost Ratio, by Season, by Region, 2015 15

4Irrigated Palay: Total Costs per Hectare, by Season, by

Region, 201515

5Irrigated Palay: Gross Returns per Hectare, by Season, by

Region, 201516

6Irrigated Palay: Net Profit-Cost Ratio, by Season, by Region,

201516

7Non-Irrigated Palay: Total Costs per Hectare, by Season, by

Region, 201517

8Non-Irrigated Palay: Gross Returns per Hectare, by Season,

by Region, 201517

9Non-Irrigated Palay: Net Profit-Cost Ratio, by Season, by

Region, 201518

10Corn: Total Costs per Hectare, by Crop Type, by Region,

201576

11Corn: Gross Returns per Hectare, by Crop Type, by Region,

201576

12 Corn: Net Profit-Cost Ratio, by Crop Type, by Region, 2015 77

LIST OF FIGURES

iv

TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE

1.1All Palay: Summary of Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, By Region, Philippines,

201510

1.2Irrigated Palay: Summary of Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, By Region,

Philippines, 201511

1.3Non-Irrigated Palay: Summary of Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, By Region,

Philippines, 201512

1A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Philippines, 2013-2015 20

1B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Philippines, 2013-2015 21

1C Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Philippines, 2013-2015 22

2A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, CAR, 2013-2015 23

2B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, CAR, 2013-2015 24

2C Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, CAR, 2013-2015 25

3A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Ilocos Region, 2013-2015 26

3B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Ilocos Region, 2013-2015 27

3C Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Ilocos Region, 2013-2015 28

4A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Cagayan Valley, 2013-2015 29

4B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Cagayan Valley, 2013-2015 30

4C Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Cagayan Valley, 2013-2015 31

5A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Central Luzon, 2013-2015 32

5B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Central Luzon, 2013-2015 33

5C Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Central Luzon, 2013-2015 34

6A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, CALABARZON, 2013-2015 35

6B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, CALABARZON, 2013-2015 36

6C Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, CALABARZON, 2013-2015 37

7A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, MIMAROPA, 2013-2015 38

7B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, MIMAROPA, 2013-2015 39

7C Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, MIMAROPA, 2013-2015 40

8A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Bicol Region, 2013-2015 41

8B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Bicol Region, 2013-2015 42

8C Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Bicol Region, 2013-2015 43

LIST OF TABLES

v

List of Tables (continued)


9A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Western Visayas, 2013-2015 44

9B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Western Visayas, 2013-2015 45

9C Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Western Visayas, 2013-2015 46

10A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Central Visayas, 2013-2015 47

10B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Central Visayas, 2013-2015 48

10C Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Central Visayas, 2013-2015 49

11A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Eastern Visayas, 2013-2015 50

11B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Eastern Visayas, 2013-2015 51

11C Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Eastern Visayas, 2013-2015 52

12A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Zamboanga Peninsula, 2013-2015 53

12BIrrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Zamboanga Peninsula,

2013-201554

12CNon-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Zamboanga Peninsula,

2013-201555

13A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Northern Mindanao, 2013-2015 56

13B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Northern Mindanao, 2013-2015 57

13CNon-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Northern Mindanao,

2013-201558

14A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Davao Region, 2013-2015 59

14B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Davao Region, 2013-2015 60

14C Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Davao Region, 2013-2015 61

15A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, SOCCSKSARGEN, 2013-2015 62

15B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, SOCCSKSARGEN, 2013-2015 63

15CNon-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, SOCCSKSARGEN,

2013-201564

16A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Caraga, 2013-2015 65

16B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Caraga, 2013-2015 66

16C Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Caraga, 2013-2015 67

17A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, ARMM, 2013-2015 68

17B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, ARMM, 2013-2015 69

17C Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, ARMM, 2013-2015 70

vi

List of Tables (continued)


18.1 All Corn: Summary of Updated Average Costs of Production, By Region, Philippines, 2015 73

18.2 White Corn: Summary of Updated Average Costs of Production, By Region, Philippines, 2015 74

18.3 Yellow Corn: Summary of Updated Average Costs of Production, By Region, Philippines, 2015 75

18A All Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Philippines, 2013 - 2015 79

18B White Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Philippines, 2013 - 2015 80

18C Yellow Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Philippines, 2013 - 2015 81

19 Yellow Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, CAR, 2013 - 2015 82

20 Yellow Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Ilocos Region, 2013 - 2015 83

21A All Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Cagayan Valley, 2013 - 2015 84

21B White Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Cagayan Valley, 2013 - 2015 85

21C Yellow Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Cagayan Valley, 2013 - 2015 86

22 Yellow Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Central Luzon, 2013 - 2015 87

23 White Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, CALABARZON, 2013 - 2015 88

24A All Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, MIMAROPA, 2013 - 2015 89

24B White Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, MIMAROPA, 2013 - 2015 90

24C Yellow Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, MIMAROPA, 2013 - 2015 91

25A All Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Bicol Region, 2013 - 2015 92

25B White Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Bicol Region, 2013 - 2015 93

25C Yellow Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Bicol Region, 2013 - 2015 94

26A All Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Western Visayas, 2013 - 2015 95

26B White Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Western Visayas, 2013 - 2015 96

26C Yellow Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Western Visayas, 2013 - 2015 97

27 White Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Central Visayas, 2013 - 2015 98

28 White Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Eastern Visayas, 2013 - 2015 99

29A All Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Zamboanga Peninsula, 2013 - 2015 100

29B White Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Zamboanga Peninsula, 2013 - 2015 101

29C Yellow Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Zamboanga Peninsula, 2013 - 2015 102

30A All Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Northern Mindanao, 2013 - 2015 103

30B White Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Northern Mindanao, 2013 - 2015 104

30C Yellow Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Northern Mindanao, 2013 - 2015 105

31 White Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Davao Region, 2013 - 2015 106

32A All Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, SOCCSKSARGEN, 2013 - 2015 107

32B White Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, SOCCSKSARGEN, 2013 - 2015 108

32C Yellow Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, SOCCSKSARGEN, 2013 - 2015 109

33A All Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Caraga, 2013 - 2015 110

33B White Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Caraga, 2013 - 2015 111

33C Yellow Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Caraga, 2013 - 2015 112

34A All Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, ARMM, 2013 - 2015 113

34B White Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, ARMM, 2013 - 2015 114

34C Yellow Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, ARMM, 2013 - 2015 115

vii

ITEM BASIS/PROCEDURE

1. Cost of seeds/planting materials

(Cash, Non-cash and Imputed)

2. Irrigation fee

3. Lease rental movement of the farmgate price

4. Rental value of owned land

5. Landlord's share

6. Harvester/thresher/sheller's share - movement of the gross value of production per hectare

7. Cost of fertilizer -quantity used from the survey results multiplied by the

current retail price of fertilizer by grade

8. Cost of pesticides

Solid - movement of the retail price for selected pesticides

Liquid -quantity used from the survey results multiplied by the

current retail price of pesticides

9. Soil ameliorants - movement of the retail price of fertilizer

10. Cost of mulching materials - movement of the retail price of fertilizer

11. Labor costs (hired, unpaid operator, family and

exchange labor-

number of mandays from the survey results multiplied by

the current agricultural wage rates

12. Rentals:

Land - movement of the farmgate price

Tools, equipment, machine and animals - movement of agricultural wage rates

13. Food cost - movement of CPI for food

14. Transport cost - movement of CPI for transport

15. Fuel and oil - movement of CPI for fuel and oil

16. Repair cost - movement of CPI for minor repairs

17. Electricity cost - movement of CPI for light

18. Interest on crop loans - increase of 10.0 percent per annum

19. Other production costs - movement of CPI for all items

20. Depreciation cost - increase of 10.0 percent per annum

21. Interest on operating capital - based on Average Lending Rates from BSP

22. Land tax - increase of 1.0 percent per annum

ASSUMPTIONS AND PROCEDURES USED IN UPDATING

THE COSTS OF PRODUCTION OF PALAY AND CORN

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

A. PALAY

ALL PALAY

Palay farmer in the country spent an average production cost of P47,470 per hectare in 2015. Cost of palay production during the wet season cropping was higher at P47,885 per hectare and lower during dry season cropping at P46,928 per hectare during the reference year.

Gross earnings from palay farming averaged P67,552 per hectare. Farmers grossed higher during the dry season cropping at P70,307 per hectare than during the wet season cropping at P65,322 per hectare.

On the average, net returns amounted to P20,082 per hectare. Palay produced during dry season cropping netted higher at P23,379 per hectare than during the wet season cropping at P17,437 per hectare in 2015.

For every peso of investment in palay production in the country, farmers earned an average of P0.42 during the period. It was higher during dry season at P0.50 and lower during wet season at P0.36.

Per kilogram, the average cost of palay production in 2015 was P12.18 while the price received by farmers was P17.33. Production cost was higher during wet season at P12.64 per kilogram than during dry season at P11.63 per kilogram. Farmgate prices ranged from P17.24 during wet season to P17.42 during dry season.

Among regions, cost of palay production was highest in Ilocos Region at P58,935 per hectare in 2015. By season, palay farmers in Ilocos Region spent the highest cost per hectare during the dry cropping at P63,904 and Cagayan Valley during the wet cropping at P57,772.

ARMM palay farmers recorded the lowest production cost at an average of P29,081 per hectare. Likewise, ARMM had the least cost during the dry season at P29,471 per hectare and during the wet season at P29,175 per hectare.

Higher gross earnings were noted in Central Luzon averaged at P87,659 per hectare. Across seasons, Central Luzon palay producers grossed the highest during the dry season cropping at P108,936 per hectare and Northern Mindanao during the wet season cropping at P89,120 per hectare. For both seasons, ARMM had the lowest gross receipts at P36,882 per hectare during the dry season and P46,465 per hectare during the wet season.

In terms of net earnings, Northern Mindanao was leading at P35,872 per hectare and CALABARZON was the least at P7,528 per hectare. During the dry season cropping, Central Luzon netted the highest at P49,526 per hectare

2

and Central Visayas, the lowest at P5,648 per hectare. For the wet season cropping, Northern Mindanao generated the highest net returns at P42,797 per hectare and CALABARZON had the least at P7,003 per hectare.

For every peso invested in palay farming, farmers in Northern Mindanao earned the highest at an average of P0.71. CALABARZON palay farmers earned the least at an average of P0.16. During the dry season cropping, Central Luzon registered the highest net profit-cost ratio at 0.83 and Central Visayas, the least at P0.12. In the wet season cropping, the net profit-cost ratios ranged from 0.16 in Cagayan Valley to 0.92 in Northern Mindanao.

On a per kilogram basis, the average production cost was highest in Central Visayas at P14.42. It was likewise highest in Central Visayas during the dry season at P16.30. CAR incurred the highest cost during the wet season at P15.56.

The lowest production cost per kilogram was noted in Bicol Region at an average of P9.65. This was also true during the wet season cropping when the region recorded a P9.89 cost per kilogram. For the dry season cropping, Eastern Visayas posted the lowest cost at P9.42 per kilogram.

Price received by farmers was highest in Northern Mindanao at P19.44. It ranged from P19.43 during dry season to P19.45 during the wet season.

IRRIGATED PALAY

Palay production in irrigated farms incurred an average cost of P51,151 per hectare in 2015. The cost was higher during wet season at P51,501 per hectare compared to dry season at P51,489 per hectare.

Gross earnings from palay production averaged P74,710 per hectare. During the dry season, farmers grossed higher at P78,634 per hectare and lower during wet season at P71,167 per hectare.

Net returns, on the average, amounted to P23,559 per hectare in 2015. Palay farmers had higher net returns during dry season at P27,145 and lower during wet season at P19,666 per hectare.

Net profit-cost ratio in palay production averaged P0.46. It ranged from 0.38 during the wet season to 0.53 during the dry season.

Per kilogram, production cost averaged P11.87. It was higher during wet season at P12.48 than during the dry season at P11.41.

By region, palay production in irrigated farms registered the highest cost in Ilocos Region at P62,572 per hectare. This held true for both seasons at P63,911 per hectare during the dry season and P61,197 per hectare during the wet season.

3

ARMM incurred the lowest production cost at P32,821 per hectare. It ranged from P32,243 per hectare during the dry season to P34,374 per hectare during the wet season.

Gross returns topped in Central Luzon at an average of P91,185 per hectare. It was highest during the dry season at P109,123 per hectare. However, irrigated palay farmers in Northern Mindanao grossed highest during the wet season cropping at P93,905 per hectare.

ARMM generated the lowest gross earnings averaged at P53,983 per hectare. Similar trend was observed across seasons with gross receipts at P53,791 per hectare during the dry season and P54,123 per hectare during the wet season.

Net returns, on the average, were highest in Northern Mindanao at P36,507 per hectare while lowest in CALABARZON at P10,409 per hectare. For the dry season cropping, Central Luzon netted the highest at P49,009 per hectare and Central Visayas, the lowest at P5,727 per hectare. In the wet season cropping, irrigated palay farmers in Northern Mindanao generated the highest net earnings at P41,442 per hectare and CALABARZON had the least at P9,844 per hectare.

In terms of net profit-cost ratio, Northern Mindanao posted the highest at an average of 0.69. This was also true during the wet season cropping when the region recorded 0.79. For the dry season cropping, Central Luzon earned the highest at P0.82 per peso of investment in irrigated farms.

CALABARZON posted the lowest net profit-cost ratio at an average of 0.22. The ratios ranged from 0.21 during the dry season to 0.22 during the wet season.

The average production cost per kilogram was highest in Central Visayas at P14.55. By season, palay production was costliest in Central Visayas during the dry season at P16.48 and in Caraga during the wet season at P13.86.

On the average, the lowest cost per kilogram was reported in Bicol Region at P9.50. The costs incurred were low during the dry season at P9.32 and during the wet season at P9.50.

NON-IRRIGATED PALAY

The average cost of producing palay in non-irrigated farms amounted to P39,378 per hectare in 2015. Production cost was higher during wet season at P41,711 per hectare and lower during dry season at P36,164 per hectare.

Gross earnings averaged P51,297 per hectare. By season, gross receipts from non-irrigated palay farms were higher during wet season at P54,2013 per hectare than during dry season at P46,146 per hectare.

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Net returns from non-irrigated farms averaged P11,919 per hectare in 2015. Net earnings were higher during wet season at P12,492 per hectare compared to dry season at P9,982 per hectare.

Net profit-cost ratio,on the average, stood at 0.30. This was likewise 0.30 during the wet season cropping. For dry season, the ratio settled at 0.28 in 2015.

Production cost per kilogram averaged P13.30. It was recorded high during dry season cropping at P13.65 and low during the wet season cropping at P13.27.

Farmgate price, on the average, was quoted at P17.33 per kilogram. This was P17.42 during the dry season and P17.24 during the wet season.

Among regions, Central Luzon incurred the highest production cost from non-irrigated palay farms averaged at P55,465 per hectare. Meanwhile, the least cost was noted in ARMM at P27,116 per hectare.

Production costs were higher in Cagayan Valley during the dry season at P47,463 per hectare and in Central Luzon during the wet season at P56,777 per hectare. In contrast, the least cost was reported in ARMM averaged at P27,116 per hectare. Northern Mindanao recorded the lowest cost during the wet season at P25,973 per hectare. In the dry season cropping, the production cost was low in CALABARZON at P25,867 per hectare.

On the average, gross earnings from non-irrigated palay farms were highest in Northern Mindanao at P64,405 per hectare and lowest in ARMM at P37,765 per hectare. Higher gross returns during the dry season cropping were noted in Central Luzon at P75,953 per hectare. ARMM grossed the least at P30,900 per hectare. Ilocos Region grossed high during the wet season at P68,460 per hectare while Cagayan Valley earned the least at P34,287 per hectare.

In terms of net returns, Northern Mindanao was on top at an average of P35,366 per hectare. The region’s net profit was high during the wet season cropping at P38,854 per hectare. For the dry season cropping, Central Luzon netted the highest at P31,725 per hectare.

Cagayan Valley reported net loss during the dry and wet season cropping.

The net profit-cost ratio was leading in Northern Mindanao at an average of 1.22 in 2015. It was high for both seasons at 0.53 during dry season and 1.50 during the wet season. Cagayan Valley posted the lowest net profit-cost ratio for all seasons in 2015.

Per kilogram, production cost was highest in Central Luzon at P17.43 while lowest in Northern Mindanao at P8.77. During the dry season, Cagayan

5

Valley posted the highest cost at P16.88 per kilogram and CAR incurred the lowest cost at P9.88 per kilogram.

The highest farmgate price was reported in Northern Mindanao at P19.44 per kilogram. Prices ranged from P19.43 per kilogram during the dry season to P19.45 per kilogram during the wet season. Bicol Region posted the lowest prices across all seasons.

B. CORN

ALL CORN

On the average, the cost of producing corn in the country amounted to P22,023 per hectare in 2015. Gross receipts averaged P36,101 per hectare. After accounting for all costs, corn farmers in the country netted P14,078 per hectare. Net profit-cost ratio stood at 0.64 in 2015. Per kilogram, the cost reached P7.50 while price received by corn farmers was P12.30 during the same period.

Across regions, the average production cost per hectare was biggest in Cagayan Valley at P44,894 followed by Western Visayas at P25,401 in 2015. The least cost was recorded in Zamboanga Peninsula at P12,850 per hectare.

Cagayan Valley topped in terms of gross receipts at P50,283 per hectare. This was followed closely by MIMAROPA at P49,815 per hectare. The lowest was generated in Zamboanga Peninsula at P21,163 per hectare.

In 2015, MIMAROPA had the biggest net earnings in corn production at P33,054 per hectare. Northern Mindanao came next at P20,989 per hectare. Cagayan Valley recorded the lowest net returns at P5,389 per hectare.

Corn producers in MIMAROPA, Bicol Region and Northern Mindanao had higher net profit-cost ratio at 1.97, 1.53 and 1.18, respectively. The lowest was noted for Cagayan Valley at 0.12.

Per kilogram, production costs were highest in Cagayan Valley at P10.62 and in Western Visayas at P8.71. The least cost was noted in MIMAROPA at P4.19.

Price received by farmers was quoted highest in Bicol Region at P14.28 and lowest in Caraga at P11.69 per kilogram.

WHITE CORN

White corn production in the country incurred an average cost of P14,504 per hectare in 2015. Gross earnings amounted to P22,049 per hectare. Returns after deducting all costs amounted to P7,545 per hectare during the year. Per peso of investment, white corn producers earned P0.52. Cost per kilogram in

6

white corn production stood at P8.60 while farmgate price was quoted at P13.07 per kilogram.

The costs incurred in white corn production were biggest in Cagayan Valley at P26,111 per hectare and in MIMAROPA at P21,705 per hectare. The lowest cost was noted in CALABARZON at P6,602 per hectare.

Western Visayas grossed the highest in white corn production at an average of P29,134 per hectare. MIMAROPA came next at P29,002 per hectare. Central Visayas recorded the lowest gross earnings at P12,139 per hectare in 2015.

In terms of net returns, Western Visayas reported the highest at P16,904 per hectare. Central Visayas had a net loss of P639 per hectare in white corn production during the year.

For every peso of investment, white corn producers in CALABARZON earned the highest at P2.19 in 2015. Western Visayas followed at P1.38. In contrast, Central Visayas lost P0.05 per peso invested in white corn production during the same period.

The costs of producing a kilogram of white corn were notably higher in Central Visayas and Davao Region at P16.05 and P11.85, respectively, in 2015. The lowest was noted in CALABARZON at P4.15.

White corn sold at farmgate level was higher in Bicol Region, Western Visayas and Central Visayas at more than P15.00 per kilogram each. The lowest farmgate price was registered in Cagayan Valley at P11.28 per kilogram.

YELLOW CORN

The production cost incurred by yellow corn farms averaged P36,275 per hectare in 2015. Gross receipts amounted to P49,794 per hectare. Yellow corn producers netted an average of P13,519 per hectare. Net profit-cost ratio generated was 0.37. The cost per kilogram was P8.73 and the farmgate price was P11.99 in 2015.

Among regions, Central Luzon and Ilocos Region reported higher cost from yellow corn farming at more than P50,000 each per hectare in 2015. The least cost incurred was registered in MIMAROPA at P15,447 per hectare during the year.

In terms of gross receipts, yellow corn producers in Ilocos Region was on top at P78,972 per hectare followed by Central Luzon at P74,515 per hectare. In ARMM, yellow corn producers grossed the lowest at P38,125 per hectare in 2015.

7

In terms of net returns, MIMAROPA recorded the biggest at P40,787 per hectare followed by Bicol Region at P34,053 per hectare. The lowest was generated in Western Visayas at P4,635 per hectare.

Net profit-cost ratios were higher in MIMAROPA at 2.64 and Bicol Region at 1.87. The least net profit-cost ratio was realized in Western Visayas at 0.12 in 2015.

On a per kilogram basis, Western Visayas incurred the highest cost in yellow corn production at P11.06 followed by Cagayan Valley at P10.45. The least cost was noted in MIMAROPA at P3.40 per kilogram.

Farmgate prices of yellow corn were notably higher in Bicol Region and Ilocos Region at P13.96 and P13.09 per kilogram, respectively. Central Luzon had the lowest farmgate price at P11.18 per kilogram of yellow corn in 2015.

8

A. PALAY

9

SUMMARY TABLES

10

Table 1.1. All Palay: Summary of Updated Average Costs Of Production, By Season, By Region, Philippines, 2015

DRY WET AVERAGE DRY WET AVERAGE DRY WET AVERAGE

PHILIPPINES 70,307 65,322 67,552 46,928 47,885 47,470 23,379 17,437 20,082

CAR 77,468 56,426 64,800 50,675 47,168 48,718 26,793 9,258 16,082

ILOCOS REGION 82,846 74,061 76,912 63,904 56,647 58,935 18,942 17,414 17,977

CAGAYAN VALLEY 72,586 67,205 70,110 49,305 57,772 53,837 23,281 9,433 16,273

CENTRAL LUZON 108,936 69,549 87,659 59,410 52,125 55,694 49,526 17,424 31,965

CALABARZON 56,431 50,785 53,689 48,833 43,782 46,161 7,598 7,003 7,528

MIMAROPA 63,063 63,525 63,443 46,276 51,151 49,070 16,787 12,374 14,373

BICOL 56,965 52,679 54,819 34,925 36,494 35,633 22,040 16,185 19,186

WESTERN VISAYAS 50,353 56,786 55,194 36,804 37,626 37,524 13,549 19,160 17,670

CENTRAL VISAYAS 53,640 69,422 61,570 47,992 46,712 47,328 5,648 22,710 14,242

EASTERN VISAYAS 57,669 61,822 59,664 33,223 39,376 36,026 24,446 22,446 23,638

ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA 70,812 75,629 73,682 44,579 46,603 45,616 26,233 29,026 28,066

NORTHERN MINDANAO 82,247 89,120 86,080 54,025 46,323 50,208 28,222 42,797 35,872

DAVAO REGION 81,881 85,338 83,583 59,445 56,773 58,056 22,436 28,565 25,527

SOCCSKSARGEN 67,656 71,999 70,186 44,957 44,042 44,175 22,699 27,957 26,011

CARAGA 53,729 53,983 54,365 39,052 41,331 39,984 14,677 12,652 14,381

ARMM 36,882 46,465 41,699 29,471 29,175 29,081 7,411 17,290 12,618


PHILIPPINES 0.50 0.36 0.42 11.63 12.64 12.18 17.42 17.24 17.33

CAR 0.53 0.20 0.33 11.41 15.56 13.55 17.44 18.61 18.02

ILOCOS REGION 0.30 0.31 0.31 14.02 13.42 13.69 18.18 17.55 17.87

CAGAYAN VALLEY 0.47 0.16 0.30 11.14 14.18 12.63 16.40 16.50 16.45

CENTRAL LUZON 0.83 0.33 0.57 10.22 13.77 11.79 18.74 18.37 18.56

CALABARZON 0.16 0.16 0.16 13.43 13.26 13.28 15.52 15.38 15.45

MIMAROPA 0.36 0.24 0.29 12.32 13.26 12.86 16.79 16.47 16.63

BICOL 0.63 0.44 0.54 9.44 9.89 9.65 15.40 14.28 14.84

WESTERN VISAYAS 0.37 0.51 0.47 12.61 10.71 11.35 17.25 16.16 16.70

CENTRAL VISAYAS 0.12 0.49 0.30 16.30 12.99 14.42 18.22 19.30 18.76

EASTERN VISAYAS 0.74 0.57 0.66 9.42 10.91 10.11 16.36 17.13 16.75

ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA 0.59 0.62 0.62 11.50 11.20 11.28 18.26 18.18 18.22

NORTHERN MINDANAO 0.52 0.92 0.71 12.76 10.11 11.34 19.43 19.45 19.44

DAVAO REGION 0.38 0.50 0.44 13.59 12.53 13.04 18.72 18.83 18.77

SOCCSKSARGEN 0.50 0.63 0.59 12.19 11.37 11.63 18.35 18.59 18.47

CARAGA 0.38 0.31 0.36 12.27 13.91 12.89 16.88 18.17 17.52

ARMM 0.25 0.59 0.43 13.17 10.50 11.58 16.48 16.72 16.60

REGIONGROSS RETURNS (P/ha) TOTAL COSTS (P/ha) NET RETURNS (P/ha)

REGIONNET PROFIT-COST RATIO COST/KILOGRAM (P)

FARMGATE

PRICE/KILOGRAM (P)

11

Table 1.2. Irrigated Palay: Summary of Updated Average Costs Of Production, By Season, By Region, Philippines, 2015


PHILIPPINES 78,634 71,167 74,710 51,489 51,501 51,151 27,145 19,666 23,559

CAR 78,027 65,656 72,026 51,143 44,602 45,365 26,884 21,054 26,661

ILOCOS REGION 82,901 78,747 80,647 63,911 61,197 62,572 18,990 17,550 18,075

CAGAYAN VALLEY 77,326 70,604 74,107 48,382 56,725 52,754 28,944 13,879 21,353

CENTRAL LUZON 109,123 72,415 91,185 60,114 52,803 55,412 49,009 19,612 35,773

CALABARZON 62,282 54,630 58,617 51,562 44,786 48,208 10,720 9,844 10,409

MIMAROPA 67,529 67,066 67,335 46,032 52,629 49,183 21,497 14,437 18,152

BICOL 62,370 57,149 59,731 37,732 38,910 38,225 24,638 18,239 21,506

WESTERN VISAYAS 56,442 62,911 61,022 42,865 44,588 43,970 13,577 18,323 17,052

CENTRAL VISAYAS 59,907 77,721 68,981 54,180 52,934 53,490 5,727 24,787 15,491

EASTERN VISAYAS 72,851 72,254 72,779 42,241 49,098 46,151 30,610 23,156 26,628



DAVAO REGION 85,213 89,348 87,281 61,266 58,161 59,675 23,947 31,187 27,606

SOCCSKSARGEN 71,235 77,706 74,896 47,588 46,097 46,551 23,647 31,609 28,345

CARAGA 59,316 59,797 59,866 44,652 45,600 45,096 14,664 14,197 14,770

ARMM 53,791 54,123 53,983 32,243 34,374 32,821 21,548 19,749 21,162


PHILIPPINES 0.53 0.38 0.46 11.41 12.48 11.87 17.42 17.24 17.33

CAR 0.53 0.47 0.59 11.43 12.64 11.35 17.44 18.61 18.02

ILOCOS REGION 0.30 0.29 0.29 14.02 13.64 13.86 18.18 17.55 17.87

CAGAYAN VALLEY 0.60 0.24 0.40 10.26 13.26 11.71 16.40 16.50 16.45

CENTRAL LUZON 0.82 0.37 0.65 10.32 13.39 11.28 18.74 18.37 18.56

CALABARZON 0.21 0.22 0.22 12.85 12.61 12.71 15.52 15.38 15.45

MIMAROPA 0.47 0.27 0.37 11.45 12.92 12.15 16.79 16.47 16.63

BICOL 0.65 0.47 0.56 9.32 9.72 9.50 15.40 14.28 14.84

WESTERN VISAYAS 0.32 0.41 0.39 13.10 11.45 12.03 17.25 16.16 16.70

CENTRAL VISAYAS 0.11 0.47 0.29 16.48 13.14 14.55 18.22 19.30 18.76

EASTERN VISAYAS 0.72 0.47 0.58 9.49 11.64 10.62 16.36 16.76 16.75



DAVAO REGION 0.39 0.54 0.46 13.46 12.26 12.83 18.72 18.83 18.77

SOCCSKSARGEN 0.50 0.69 0.61 12.26 11.03 11.48 18.35 18.59 18.47

CARAGA 0.33 0.31 0.33 12.71 13.86 13.20 16.88 18.17 17.52

ARMM 0.67 0.57 0.64 9.88 10.62 10.09 16.48 16.72 16.60


FARMGATE

PRICE/KILOGRAM (P)


12

Table 1.3. Non-Irrigated Palay: Summary of Updated Average Costs Of Production, By Season, By Region, Philippines, 2015


PHILIPPINES 46,146 54,203 51,297 36,164 41,711 39,378 9,982 12,492 11,919

CAR 63,377 39,100 39,752 35,909 37,272 34,364 27,468 1,828 5,388

ILOCOS REGION 68,460 52,799 15,661

CAGAYAN VALLEY 46,117 34,287 42,063 47,463 49,192 41,144 (1,346) (14,905) 919

CENTRAL LUZON 75,953 58,031 59,076 44,228 56,777 55,465 31,725 1,254 3,611

CALABARZON 37,729 39,650 38,687 25,867 31,238 29,595 11,862 8,412 9,092

MIMAROPA 47,163 57,612 54,812 34,337 46,303 43,865 12,826 11,309 10,947

BICOL 46,677 42,997 44,832 32,181 32,607 32,379 14,496 10,390 12,453

WESTERN VISAYAS 43,211 51,502 49,616 33,220 35,090 34,674 9,991 16,412 14,942

CENTRAL VISAYAS 45,441 57,668 51,496 41,019 39,733 40,373 4,422 17,935 11,123

EASTERN VISAYAS 44,908 51,784 47,955 29,230 32,771 30,689 15,678 19,013 17,266



DAVAO REGION 57,620 51,594 54,790 44,672 44,827 44,685 12,948 6,767 10,105

SOCCSKSARGEN 50,628 55,473 53,859 34,896 38,402 36,683 15,732 17,071 17,176

CARAGA 47,467 42,027 46,673 40,651 41,667 41,236 6,816 360 5,437

ARMM 30,900 44,258 37,765 27,919 26,603 27,116 2,981 17,655 10,649


PHILIPPINES 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.30 0.30 13.65 13.27 13.30

CAR 0.76 0.05 0.16 9.88 17.74 15.58 17.44 18.61 18.02

ILOCOS REGION 0.30 13.78 17.87

CAGAYAN VALLEY -0.03 -0.30 0.02 16.88 23.67 16.09 16.40 16.50 16.45

CENTRAL LUZON 0.72 0.02 0.07 10.91 17.97 17.43 18.74 18.37 18.56

CALABARZON 0.46 0.27 0.31 10.64 12.12 11.82 15.52 15.38 15.45

MIMAROPA 0.37 0.24 0.25 12.22 13.24 13.31 16.79 16.47 16.63

BICOL 0.45 0.32 0.38 10.62 10.83 10.72 15.40 14.28 14.84

WESTERN VISAYAS 0.30 0.47 0.43 13.26 11.01 11.67 17.25 16.16 16.70

CENTRAL VISAYAS 0.11 0.45 0.28 16.45 13.30 14.71 18.22 19.30 18.76

EASTERN VISAYAS 0.54 0.58 0.56 10.65 10.84 10.72 16.36 17.13 16.75



DAVAO REGION 0.29 0.15 0.23 14.51 16.36 15.31 18.72 18.83 18.77

SOCCSKSARGEN 0.45 0.44 0.47 12.65 12.87 12.58 18.35 18.59 18.47

CARAGA 0.17 0.01 0.13 14.46 18.01 15.48 16.88 18.17 17.52

ARMM 0.11 0.66 0.39 14.89 10.05 11.92 16.48 16.72 16.60


FARMGATE

PRICE/KILOGRAM (P)


13

FIGURES

19

STATISTICAL TABLES

20

Table 1A. All Palay: Updated Average Production Costs of Production, by Season, Philippines, 2013-2015

DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE

2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

(In Pesos Per Hectare)

CASH COSTS 19,426 21,016 21,172 19,967 20,984 21,164 19,715 20,996 21,167

Seeds 1,270 1,580 1,368 1,344 1,554 1,338 1,309 1,568 1,354

Fertilizer 4,917 4,632 4,492 4,900 4,691 4,563 4,909 4,666 4,531

Pesticides 1,254 1,215 1,232 1,309 1,294 1,328 1,284 1,257 1,283

Hired labor 6,763 7,929 8,449 7,513 8,258 8,805 7,161 8,098 8,632

Caretaker/overseer's wages 132 149 159 96 108 115 113 128 136

Other permanent employee's salary 47 53 56 41 46 49 44 50 53

Land tax 181 183 185 191 193 195 187 189 191

Rentals 498 577 584 359 408 411 424 486 491

Fuel & Oil 843 891 816 820 823 746 831 856 781

Transport cost of inputs 158 160 159 170 171 171 165 167 167

Interest payment on crop loan 383 421 463 288 317 349 332 365 402

Irrigation fee 529 658 570 351 406 350 434 520 449

Electricity cost 26 27 25 38 38 34 33 34 31

Food expense 884 941 979 941 1,011 1,023 914 978 1,004

Repairs 1,164 1,207 1,234 1,184 1,227 1,245 1,175 1,217 1,239

Others 377 393 401 422 439 442 400 417 423

NON-CASH COSTS 12,928 16,839 15,065 14,155 17,558 15,093 13,580 17,243 15,101

Seeds 587 730 632 660 763 657 626 750 648

Fertilizer 39 36 35 24 24 24 31 29 29

Pesticides 7 7 7 2 2 2 4 4 4

Hired labor in kind 615 686 731 668 706 753 643 699 745

Harvesters' share 3,394 4,746 4,151 3,673 4,900 3,989 3,542 4,832 4,064

Threshers' share 3,001 4,196 3,670 3,697 4,932 4,015 3,371 4,599 3,868

Landowner's share 3,297 4,102 3,552 3,538 4,092 3,524 3,425 4,101 3,541

Caretaker/overseers wages 763 862 919 638 720 768 697 787 839


Rentals 847 1,033 934 684 787 708 761 901 813

Transport cost of inputs 3 3 3 1 1 1


Irrigation fee 168 209 181 123 142 122 144 172 149

Others 71 74 75 38 40 41

IMPUTED COSTS 8,138 10,675 10,691 9,317 11,472 11,628 8,765 11,125 11,202

Seeds 177 220 190 185 214 184 181 217 187

Fertilizer 62 58 57 57 55 53 59 56 54

Pesticides 9 9 9 2 2 2 6 6 6

Operator labor 1,839 2,656 2,865 1,989 2,708 3,080 1,919 2,688 2,976

Family labor 1,641 2,476 2,670 1,483 2,145 2,440 1,557 2,299 2,546

Exchange labor 110 163 176 128 183 208 120 175 193

Depreciation 676 744 818 763 839 923 722 794 873

Interest on operating capital 814 860 879 863 882 904 840 872 892

Rental value of owned land 2,775 3,453 2,990 3,799 4,394 3,784 3,319 3,975 3,432

Fuel & Oil 3 3 3 1 1 1 2 2 2


Others 28 29 30 38 40 40 33 34 34

TOTAL COSTS 40,492 48,530 46,928 43,439 50,014 47,885 42,060 49,364 47,470

GROSS RETURNS 57,484 80,379 70,307 60,152 80,240 65,322 58,878 80,320 67,552

RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 38,058 59,363 49,135 40,185 59,256 44,158 39,163 59,324 46,385

RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON-

CASH COSTS25,130 42,524 34,070 26,030 41,698 29,065 25,583 42,081 31,284

NET RETURNS 16,992 31,849 23,379 16,713 30,226 17,437 16,818 30,956 20,082

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.42 0.66 0.50 0.38 0.60 0.36 0.40 0.63 0.42

Cost per kilogram (P) 11.39 12.15 11.63 12.50 12.48 12.64 11.97 12.33 12.18

Yield per hectare (kg) 3,555 3,995 4,036 3,475 4,008 3,789 3,513 4,002 3,898

Farmgate price (peso/kg) 16.17 20.12 17.42 17.31 20.02 17.24 16.76 20.07 17.33

ITEM

21

Table 1B. Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs of Production, by Season, Philippines, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015


CASH COSTS 22,352 23,858 24,057 22,438 22,927 23,673 22,396 23,385 23,845

Seeds 1,466 1,803 1,561 1,474 1,677 1,444 1,470 1,739 1,497

Fertilizer 5,898 5,591 5,420 5,647 5,443 5,296 5,772 5,518 5,358

Pesticides 1,372 1,330 1,349 1,409 1,393 1,430 1,391 1,362 1,390

Hired labor 7,469 8,462 9,125 8,369 8,576 9,754 7,921 8,522 9,437



Land tax 200 202 204 185 187 189 193 195 197

Rentals 524 604 603 364 393 395 444 495 495

Fuel & Oil 1,043 1,103 1,010 928 932 845 985 1,015 925



Irrigation fee 769 946 819 573 652 561 670 792 682


Food expense 885 942 980 952 1,023 1,035 918 983 1,009

Repairs 1,355 1,405 1,436 1,308 1,355 1,375 1,331 1,379 1,404

Other costs 434 452 461 453 472 476 444 463 469

NON-CASH COSTS 14,516 18,538 16,603 15,362 18,639 16,013 14,940 18,571 15,968

Seeds 489 601 520 541 615 530 515 609 524

Fertilizer 47 44 42 27 26 25 37 34 34

Pesticides 9 9 9 3 3 3 6 6 6


Caretaker/overseers wages 999 1,115 1,188 804 850 906 901 979 1,044



Threshers' share 3,463 4,686 4,094 4,103 5,312 4,302 3,784 5,004 4,053


Rentals 911 1,106 985 557 627 556 733 857 760



Irrigation fee 244 300 260 201 229 197 222 263 226

Other costs 107 111 112 54 56 57

IMPUTED COSTS 8,511 10,881 10,829 9,837 11,760 11,815 9,177 11,349 11,338

Seeds 197 242 210 174 198 170 186 220 189

Fertilizer 63 59 57 60 58 56 61 58 56

Pesticides 14 14 14 4 4 4 9 9 9

Operator labor 1,843 2,625 2,831 1,998 2,672 3,039 1,921 2,648 2,933

Family labor 1,466 2,130 2,297 1,303 1,807 2,055 1,384 1,966 2,178

Exchange labor 125 186 201 130 183 208 128 186 206

Depreciation 725 798 878 751 826 909 738 812 893

Interest on operating capital 929 964 989 968 957 1,013 948 961 1,000


Fuel & Oil 5 5 5 1 1 1 3 3 3


Other costs 35 36 37 46 48 48 41 43 44

TOTAL COSTS 45,379 53,277 51,489 47,637 53,326 51,501 46,513 53,305 51,151

GROSS RETURNS 66,503 89,997 78,634 67,866 87,868 71,167 67,201 88,870 74,710



CASH COSTS29,635 47,601 37,974 30,066 46,302 31,481 29,865 46,914 34,897

NET RETURNS 21,124 36,720 27,145 20,229 34,542 19,666 20,688 35,565 23,559





ITEM

22

Table 1C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs of Production, by Season, Philippines, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015


CASH COSTS 12,986 14,377 14,727 16,079 16,435 17,051 14,794 15,611 16,085

Seeds 840 1,094 947 1,139 1,367 1,177 1,015 1,256 1,082

Fertilizer 2,763 2,526 2,448 3,728 3,512 3,417 3,327 3,108 3,018

Pesticides 995 920 933 1,151 1,051 1,078 1,086 996 1,016

Hired labor 5,208 6,461 6,967 6,164 6,428 7,311 5,767 6,460 7,154



Land tax 139 140 141 201 203 205 175 177 179

Rentals 439 496 518 352 387 386 388 433 442

Fuel & Oil 402 425 389 650 652 591 547 563 513




Food expense 881 938 976 925 994 1,006 907 971 996

Repairs 744 771 788 989 1,025 1,040 887 919 936

Other costs 251 262 267 372 387 390 322 335 340

NON-CASH COSTS 9,429 12,557 11,026 12,255 15,541 13,342 11,082 14,396 12,364

Seeds 802 1,044 904 848 1,018 877 829 1,026 883

Fertilizer 22 21 20 20 20 20 20 19 19



Threshers' share 1,983 2,856 2,434 3,057 4,212 3,457 2,611 3,685 3,024



Other permanent employee's salary 3 3 3 a/ 0 0 2 2 2

Rentals 707 866 816 885 1,032 936 811 966 888


Other costs 15 16 16 9 9 9

IMPUTED COSTS 7,325 10,233 10,411 8,494 10,932 11,318 8,007 10,663 10,929

Seeds 133 173 150 201 241 208 172 213 183

Fertilizer 60 56 54 52 50 48 56 53 51

Operator labor 1,830 2,725 2,939 1,974 2,769 3,149 1,914 2,758 3,054

Family labor 2,028 3,235 3,488 1,766 2,672 3,039 1,875 2,910 3,223

Exchange labor 77 117 127 125 183 208 105 158 175

Depreciation 568 625 688 782 860 946 693 762 838




Other costs 12 13 13 26 27 27 20 21 21

TOTAL COSTS 29,740 37,167 36,164 36,828 42,908 41,711 33,883 40,670 39,378

GROSS RETURNS 37,590 54,143 46,146 47,938 66,046 54,203 43,648 61,595 51,297



CASH COSTS15,175 27,209 20,393 19,604 34,070 23,810 17,772 31,588 22,848

NET RETURNS 7,850 16,976 9,982 11,110 23,138 12,492 9,765 20,925 11,919





a/ Less than ₱1.00

ITEM

23

Table 2A. All Palay: Updated Average Production Costs of Production, by Season, CAR, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 22,148 24,533 24,262 21,310 22,549 22,340 21,725 23,572 23,316

Seeds 1,942 2,494 2,121 1,473 1,770 1,528 1,705 2,118 1,815

Fertilizer 6,316 6,077 5,776 5,899 5,802 5,595 6,105 5,939 5,688

Pesticides 871 734 728 1,245 1,281 1,087 1,060 1,038 888

Hired labor 5,431 6,865 7,499 6,223 6,996 7,454 5,831 6,981 7,542

Land tax 123 124 125 320 323 326 223 225 227


Rentals 1,177 1,496 1,500 757 860 887 965 1,168 1,185

Fuel and Oil 1,512 1,556 1,377 1,410 1,378 1,268 1,460 1,465 1,321



Irrigation fee 908 1,166 991 32 38 33 466 579 496

Sacks and tying materials 300 310 316 944 983 991 625 648 658

Food expense 1,473 1,526 1,573 1,291 1,356 1,380 1,381 1,441 1,476

Repairs 1,410 1,438 1,458 1,186 1,212 1,221 1,297 1,324 1,339

Other costs 12 12 12 6 6 6

NON-CASH COSTS 13,049 16,624 14,666 11,974 12,973 10,849 12,506 14,462 12,426

Seeds 461 592 503 550 661 571 506 629 539

Fertilizer 69 66 63 18 18 18 43 42 40



Threshers' share 3,917 4,992 4,242 3,377 3,407 2,589 3,645 4,035 3,255


Caretaker/overseers wages 1,232 1,557 1,701 1,175 1,321 1,408 1,203 1,440 1,556

Rentals 1,738 2,232 1,903 681 818 706 1,204 1,495 1,283

Irrigation fee 13 17 14 31 37 32 22 27 23

Sacks and tying materials 3 3 3 2 2 2

IMPUTED COSTS 9,057 11,108 11,747 12,176 13,766 13,979 10,631 12,548 12,976

Seeds 80 103 88 82 99 85 81 101 87

Pesticides 3 3 3 1 1 1

Operator labor 2,717 3,434 3,751 3,588 4,034 4,298 3,157 3,780 4,084

Family labor 2,910 3,678 4,018 2,862 3,217 3,428 2,886 3,455 3,732

Exchange labor 481 608 664 551 619 660 517 619 669

Depreciation 985 1,084 1,192 1,397 1,537 1,691 1,193 1,312 1,443


Rental value of owned land 898 1,153 980 2,667 3,205 2,767 1,791 2,225 1,907

Fuel and Oil 8 8 7 10 10 9 9 9 8



TOTAL COSTS 44,254 52,265 50,675 45,459 49,288 47,168 44,862 50,582 48,718

GROSS RETURNS 71,538 91,167 77,468 73,601 74,253 56,426 72,579 80,335 64,800


RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND

NON-CASH COSTS36,341 50,010 38,540 40,318 38,731 23,237 38,348 42,301 29,058

NET RETURNS 27,284 38,902 26,793 28,142 24,965 9,258 27,717 29,753 16,082



Yield per hectare (kg) 4,478 4,445 4,442 4101.9 3444 3032 4288.2 3820 3596



ITEM

24

Table 2B. Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs of Production, by Season, CAR, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 22,374 24,766 24,483 22,584 19,284 19,131 22,475 19,583 19,426

Seeds 1,946 2,495 2,121 1,616 1,925 1,662 1,788 2,214 1,897

Fertilizer 6,440 6,193 5,887 6,351 1,657 1,419 6,398 1,438 1,246

Pesticides 862 726 720 1,261 1,297 1,101 1,053 1,030 881

Hired labor 5,463 6,905 7,543 6,443 7,243 7,717 5,932 7,102 7,672

Land tax 127 128 129 317 320 323 218 220 222


Rentals 1,183 1,503 1,503 816 927 954 1,008 1,220 1,235

Fuel & Oil 1,536 1,580 1,398 1,562 1,526 1,404 1,548 1,553 1,401



Irrigation fee 937 1,201 1,021 36 43 37 505 625 536

Sacks and Tying materials 299 309 315 1,046 1,089 1,134 657 681 706

Food expense 1,494 1,548 1,596 1,401 1,472 1,546 1,449 1,512 1,577

Repairs 1,389 1,417 1,437 1,181 1,207 1,234 1,290 1,317 1,345

Other costs 12 12 12 6 6 6

NON-CASH COSTS 13,221 16,853 14,869 12,562 14,084 11,856 12,905 15,417 13,347

Seeds 467 599 509 435 518 447 452 560 480

Fertilizer 71 68 65 21 21 21 47 45 43



Threshers' share 3,943 5,034 4,277 3,691 4,014 3,118 3,822 4,494 3,685


Caretaker/overseers wages 1,271 1,607 1,755 1,327 1,492 1,590 1,298 1,554 1,679

Rentals 2,223 1,890 43 928 801 77 1,582 1,356 28

Irrigation fee 13 17 14 35 42 36 24 30 26

Sacks and Tying materials 4 4 4 2 2 2

IMPUTED COSTS 9,099 11,154 11,791 12,119 13,419 13,615 10,545 12,165 12,592

Seeds 83 106 90 72 86 74 78 97 83


Operator labor 2,719 3,437 3,755 3,548 3,989 4,250 3,116 3,730 4,030

Family labor 2,909 3,677 4,017 2,744 3,085 3,287 2,830 3,388 3,660

Exchange labor 481 608 664 443 498 531 463 554 598

Depreciation 991 1,090 1,199 1,445 1,590 1,765 1,208 1,329 1,475


Rental value of owned land 918 1,177 1,001 2,784 3,316 2,862 1,812 2,244 1,923

Fuel & Oil 8 8 7 11 11 10 10 10 9


Sacks and Tying materials 112 116 118 10 10 10 63 65 67

TOTAL COSTS 44,694 52,773 51,143 47,265 46,787 44,602 45,925 47,165 45,365

GROSS RETURNS 71,943 91,844 78,027 77,732 84,537 65,656 74,716 87,842 72,026



NON-CASH COSTS 36,348 50,225 38,675 42,586 51,169 34,66939,336 52,842 39,253

NET RETURNS 27,249 39,071 26,884 30,467 37,750 21,054 28,791 40,677 26,661





ITEM


25

Table 2C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs of Production, by Season, CAR, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 14,990 16,914 17,031 12,461 13,112 13,154 12,949 14,060 14,184

Seeds 1,819 2,489 2,116 484 640 552 742 977 837

Fertilizer 2,389 2,286 2,179 2,760 2,528 2,422 2,688 2,503 2,383

Pesticides 1,128 950 943 1,145 1,179 1,001 1,142 1,118 957

Hired labor 4,418 5,584 6,100 4,696 5,279 5,625 4,642 5,557 6,003

Land tax 24 24 24 341 344 347 280 283 286

Rentals 1,000 1,264 1,381 351 395 421 476 570 616

Fuel & Oil 730 751 665 354 346 338 427 428 429


Interest payment on crop loan 86 95 105 70 77 85


Food expense 796 825 851 530 557 585 581 606 632

Repairs 2,072 2,113 2,143 1,216 1,243 1,253 1,381 1,410 1,426

NON-CASH COSTS 7,614 9,728 8,534 7,887 10,016 8,420 7,835 9,672 8,070

Seeds 298 408 347 1,344 1,778 1,535 1,142 1,504 1,289


Harvesters' share 2,266 2,832 2,447 1,026 1,193 893 1,265 1,397 1,057

Threshers' share 3,095 3,868 3,342 1,198 1,393 1,043 1,564 1,727 1,307

Landowner's share 4,012 5,307 4,581 3,238 4,264 3,654

Caretaker/overseers wages 119 134 143 96 115 124

Rentals 1,897 2,544 2,315 365 470 428

IMPUTED COSTS 7,744 9,595 10,344 12,569 15,087 15,698 11,639 12,306 12,110

Seeds 154 204 176 124 163 140

Operator labor 2,644 3,342 3,651 3,865 4,627 4,999 3,629 3,629 3,629

Family labor 2,940 3,716 4,059 3,681 4,407 4,761 3,538 3,538 3,538

Exchange labor 483 611 667 1,307 1,565 1,691 1,148 1,148 1,148

Depreciation 818 900 990 1,065 1,172 1,289 1,018 1,120 1,232


Rental value of owned land 274 375 319 1,852 2,450 2,115 1,548 2,038 1,746



TOTAL COSTS 30,348 36,237 35,909 32,918 38,215 37,272 32,422 36,038 34,364

GROSS RETURNS 58,711 73,364 63,377 44,908 52,218 39,100 47,570 52,533 39,752



NON-CASH COSTS36,107 46,722 37,812 24,560 29,090 17,526 26,787 28,801 17,498

NET RETURNS 28,363 37,127 27,468 11,991 14,003 1,828 15,148 16,495 5,388





ITEM


26

Table 3A. All Palay: Updated Average Production Costs of Production, by Season, Ilocos Region, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 28,662 30,816 30,691 25,639 26,715 27,187 26,315 27,926 28,280

Seeds 1,683 2,222 1,838 1,560 1,869 1,497 1,587 1,946 1,584

Fertilizer 8,665 8,197 7,993 7,107 6,569 6,576 7,456 6,975 6,883

Pesticides 1,138 1,016 1,029 927 838 840 974 899 889

Hired labor 7,468 8,865 9,607 10,138 11,228 12,045 9,542 10,935 11,791

Land tax 127 128 129 202 204 206 185 187 189


Rentals 356 423 458 542 619 597 500 586 581

Fuel and Oil 1,874 1,928 1,684 883 863 781 1,105 1,108 985



Irrigation fee 1,057 1,395 1,154 189 226 181 383 470 383


Electricity cost 97 98 89 75 79 70

Food expense 1,311 1,385 1,444 1,553 1,679 1,815 1,499 1,603 1,714

Repairs 3,806 4,017 4,075 1,490 1,536 1,559 2,007 2,092 2,124

NON-CASH COSTS 18,124 24,913 20,821 17,342 22,287 17,961 17,517 22,883 18,770

Seeds 418 552 457 416 498 399 416 510 415

Fertilizer 26 23 22 35 31 31 33 29 29




Threshers' share 4,466 6,516 5,460 3,912 5,485 4,304 4,036 5,722 4,604



Other permanent employee's salary 2 2 2 a/ 0 0

Rentals 443 580 490 215 255 215 266 324 274

Transport cost of inputs 2 2 2 a/ 0 0


Irrigation fee 210 277 229 158 189 151 169 207 169


IMPUTED COSTS 10,300 12,111 12,392 10,666 12,044 11,499 10,585 12,189 11,885

Seeds 100 132 109 67 80 64 74 91 74

Fertilizer 53 50 49 111 109 109 98 94 93


Operator labor 2,706 3,212 3,481 2,103 2,329 2,499 2,238 2,565 2,766

Family labor 2,021 2,399 2,600 1,589 1,760 1,888 1,686 1,932 2,083

Exchange labor 159 189 205 79 87 93 97 111 120

Depreciation 2,141 2,355 2,591 1,201 1,321 1,453 1,411 1,552 1,707

Interest on operating capital 1,086 1,123 1,142 1,131 1,134 1,169 1,121 1,148 1,180




TOTAL COSTS 57,086 67,840 63,904 53,648 61,046 56,647 54,416 62,998 58,935

GROSS RETURNS 67,765 98,866 82,846 67,322 94,388 74,061 67,421 95,592 76,912



CASH COSTS 20,980 43,137 31,334 24,341 45,386 28,913 23,590 44,783 29,862

NET RETURNS 10,679 31,026 18,942 13,674 33,342 17,414 13,005 32,594 17,977






ITEM


27

Table 3B. Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs of Production, by Season, Ilocos Region, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015


CASH COSTS 28,662 30,816 30,691 27,452 28,492 28,992 27,871 29,450 29,784

Seeds 1,683 2,222 1,838 1,657 1,957 1,568 1,666 2,044 1,664

Fertilizer 8,665 8,197 7,993 8,329 7,844 7,841 8,444 7,995 7,884

Pesticides 1,138 1,016 1,029 1,003 859 861 1,049 925 914

Hired labor 7,468 8,865 9,607 9,620 10,654 11,430 8,876 10,172 10,968

Land tax 127 128 129 113 114 115 118 119 120


Rentals 356 423 458 492 545 585 445 510 550

Fuel and Oil 1,874 1,928 1,684 1,078 1,053 954 1,354 1,358 1,207



Irrigation fee 1,057 1,395 1,154 348 411 329 593 728 593



Food expense 1,311 1,385 1,444 1,571 1,699 1,837 1,481 1,583 1,692

Repairs 3,806 4,017 4,075 1,914 1,973 2,034 2,569 2,678 2,792

NON-CASH COSTS 18,124 24,923 20,828 22,158 27,544 22,240 20,762 26,685 21,920

Seeds 418 552 457 505 596 477 475 583 475

Fertilizer 26 23 22 64 57 57 51 46 45




Threshers' share 4,466 6,522 5,464 4,432 5,906 4,611 4,444 6,107 4,913



Other permanent employee's salary 2 2 2 1 1 1

Rentals 443 580 490 355 415 351 385 468 397



Irrigation fee 210 277 229 290 343 275 262 321 261


IMPUTED COSTS 10,300 12,111 12,392 9,068 10,059 9,965 9,495 10,814 10,868

Seeds 100 132 109 63 74 59 76 93 76

Fertilizer 53 50 49 88 87 87 76 73 72

Pesticides 2 2 2 6 6 6 5 4 4

Operator labor 2,706 3,212 3,481 2,460 2,724 2,922 2,545 2,917 3,145

Family labor 2,021 2,399 2,600 1,302 1,442 1,547 1,551 1,777 1,916

Exchange labor 159 189 205 103 114 122 122 140 151

Depreciation 2,141 2,355 2,591 1,229 1,352 1,487 1,545 1,700 1,870





TOTAL COSTS 57,086 67,850 63,911 58,678 66,095 61,197 58,127 66,949 62,572

GROSS RETURNS 67,765 98,954 82,901 75,680 100,852 78,747 72,941 100,246 80,647



CASH COSTS 20,980 43,215 31,38226,071 44,816 27,515 24,309 44,111 28,943

NET RETURNS 10,679 31,104 18,990 17,003 34,757 17,550 14,814 33,297 18,075





ITEM

28

Table 3C. Non-Irrigated: Updated Average Production Costs of Production, by Season, Ilocos Region, 2013-2015

WET SEASON

2013 2014 2015


CASH COSTS 23,480 25,485 26,104

Seeds 1,444 1,770 1,441

Fertilizer 5,654 5,054 5,067

Pesticides 835 824 826

Hired labor 10,755 12,767 13,696

Land tax 308 311 314

Rentals 601 719 628

Fuel and Oil 651 636 576

Transport cost of inputs 308 307 305

Interest payment on crop loan 14 15 17

Sacks and tying materials 393 410 413

Food expense 1,532 1,656 1,790

Repairs 985 1,016 1,031

NON-CASH COSTS 11,607 15,615 12,755

Seeds 309 379 309

Hired labor in kind 351 417 447

Harvesters' share 2,170 3,219 2,590

Threshers' share 3,293 4,885 3,930

Landowner's share 5,393 6,610 5,381

Rentals 50 61 50


IMPUTED COSTS 12,570 14,908 13,940

Seeds 71 87 71

Fertilizer 139 167 167

Pesticides 3 3 3

Operator labor 1,678 1,992 2,137

Family labor 1,931 2,292 2,459

Exchange labor 51 61 65

Depreciation 1,168 1,285 1,414

Interest on operating capital 1,071 1,129 1,173

Rental value of owned land 6,331 7,759 6,317


Sacks and tying materials 104 109 110

TOTAL COSTS 47,657 56,008 52,799

GROSS RETURNS 57,368 85,100 68,460

RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 33,887 59,615 42,356

RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON-CASH

COSTS 22,280 44,000 29,601

NET RETURNS 9,710 29,092 15,661

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.20 0.52 0.30

Cost per kilogram (P) 14.88 14.45 13.78

Yield per hectare (kg) 3,203 3,877 3,831

Farmgate price (peso/kg) 17.91 21.95 17.87

ITEM

29

Table 4A. All Palay: Updated Average Production Costs of Production, by Season, Cagayan Valley, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 21,615 25,506 25,692 25,428 28,118 28,649 23,458 26,827 27,106

Seeds 1,864 2,432 1,881 1,714 1,894 1,497 1,791 2,148 1,679

Fertilizer 6,567 6,097 5,847 6,698 6,135 6,017 6,630 6,116 5,929

Pesticides 1,374 1,328 1,402 1,205 1,135 1,180 1,293 1,282 1,254

Hired labor 6,658 9,935 10,942 8,738 11,501 12,574 7,663 10,712 11,756

Land tax 132 133 134 159 161 163 145 146 147



Rentals 192 244 224 377 421 400 281 334 313

Fuel & Oil 1,004 1,049 988 1,349 1,342 1,298 1,170 1,193 1,139


Interest payment on crop loan 1,176 1,294 1,423 619 681 749 907 998 1,098

Irrigation fee 723 943 730 808 893 706 764 916 716



Food expense 853 909 937 946 1,003 1,025 898 954 979

Repairs 175 177 182 1,343 1,381 1,398 740 755 770

NON-CASH COSTS 12,938 16,620 13,994 17,268 19,193 15,614 15,031 17,901 14,937

Seeds 266 347 268 142 157 124 206 247 193

Fertilizer 76 62 60 43 41 40 41 35 113


Hired labor in kind 855 1,056 1,163 896 1,012 1,106 875 1,034 1,135


Threshers' share 3,041 3,924 3,223 5,450 6,082 4,509 4,206 5,040 3,951


Caretaker/overseers wages 764 944 1,040 1,189 1,343 1,468 969 1,145 1,257


Rentals 402 522 418 342 378 299 374 449 358


Irrigation fee 145 189 146 115 127 100 131 157 123


IMPUTED COSTS 8,201 10,255 9,619 12,708 14,519 13,509 10,380 12,652 11,794

Seeds 7 9 7 186 206 163 93 112 88

Fertilizer 2 2 2 1 1 1


Operator labor 2,121 2,620 2,886 2,836 3,204 3,503 2,467 2,914 3,198

Family labor 870 1,075 1,184 1,078 1,218 1,332 970 1,146 1,258

Exchange labor 90 111 122 153 173 189 120 142 156

Depreciation 451 496 546 760 836 920 600 660 726

Interest on operating capital 943 1,094 1,120 1,052 1,545 1,588 996 1,529 1,551




TOTAL COSTS 42,755 52,381 49,305 55,403 61,830 57,772 48,869 57,380 53,837

GROSS RETURNS 68,488 88,383 72,586 81,224 90,640 67,205 74,644 89,441 70,110



CASH COSTS 33,935 46,257 32,90038,528 43,329 22,942 36,155 44,713 28,067

NET RETURNS 25,733 36,002 23,281 25,820 28,810 9,433 25,775 32,061 16,273





ITEM


30

Table 4B. Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Cagayan Valley, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 21,959 24,152 24,129 25,698 26,777 27,145 23,818 25,544 25,645

Seeds 1,925 2,508 1,940 1,739 1,922 1,519 1,832 2,194 1,715

Fertilizer 6,706 6,214 5,962 6,796 6,231 6,109 6,750 6,223 6,035

Pesticide 1,356 1,308 1,381 1,196 1,127 1,172 1,277 1,265 1,237

Hired labor 6,661 8,227 9,061 8,762 9,898 10,821 7,706 9,103 9,991

Land tax 135 136 137 163 165 167 149 150 152



Rentals 171 219 195 387 433 410 278 331 307

Fuel & Oil 1,036 1,082 1,019 1,360 1,353 1,309 1,197 1,221 1,165


Interest payment on crop loan 1,249 1,374 1,511 641 705 776 947 1,042 1,146

Irrigation fee 791 1,031 798 836 924 730 813 974 761



Food expense 832 886 914 947 1,004 1,026 889 945 970

Repairs 168 170 175 1,384 1,423 1,440 772 788 803

NON-CASH COSTS 13,356 17,482 14,650 17,557 19,870 16,229 15,445 18,739 15,536

Seeds 241 314 243 112 124 98 177 212 166

Fertilizer 83 69 66 45 43 42 64 55 54

Pesticide 2 2 2 1 1 1

Hired labor in kind 930 1,149 1,266 927 1,047 1,145 928 1,096 1,203


Threshers' share 3,049 4,100 3,318 5,484 6,338 4,740 4,260 5,299 4,136


Caretaker/overseers wages 825 1,019 1,122 1,230 1,389 1,519 1,027 1,213 1,331


Rentals 440 571 457 354 391 310 397 475 379


Irrigation fee 159 207 160 119 132 104 139 166 130


IMPUTED COST 7,952 10,254 9,603 12,662 14,378 13,351 10,294 12,453 11,573

Seeds 5 7 5 192 212 168 98 117 91



Operator labor 2,098 2,591 2,854 2,775 3,135 3,427 2,435 2,876 3,156

Family labor 743 918 1,011 1,077 1,217 1,331 909 1,074 1,179

Exchange labor 77 95 105 153 173 189 115 136 149

Depreciation 440 484 532 761 837 921 600 660 726

Interest on operating capital 954 1,426 1,433 1,060 1,467 1,501 1,007 1,453 1,465




TOTAL COSTS 43,266 51,888 48,382 55,917 61,025 56,725 49,557 56,736 52,754

GROSS RETURNS 71,054 95,548 77,326 81,683 94,398 70,604 76,339 94,954 74,107



CASH COSTS 35,739 53,914 38,547 38,428 47,751 27,230 37,076 50,671 32,926

NET RETURNS 27,787 43,660 28,944 25,766 33,373 13,879 26,782 38,218 21,353






ITEM

31

Table 4C. Non-Irrigated: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Cagayan Valley, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 17,942 19,901 21,282 17,624 18,351 20,446 17,857 19,290 19,650

Seeds 1,208 1,619 1,788 1,005 1,110 1,385 1,153 1,439 1,125

Fertilizer 5,067 4,833 4,812 3,897 3,432 3,396 4,754 4,422 4,260

Pesticides 1,567 1,529 1,504 1,455 1,407 1,483 1,537 1,550 1,516

Hired labor 6,616 8,171 9,230 8,049 9,092 10,740 7,000 8,269 9,075

Land tax 98 99 100 41 41 41 83 84 85

Rentals 409 512 576 85 96 113 321 383 402

Fuel & Oil 656 685 682 1,013 1,008 1,028 752 767 732




Food expense 1,078 1,148 1,217 944 1,001 1,064 1,042 1,107 1,136

Repairs 255 258 265 157 161 164 229 234 239

NON-CASH COSTS 8,471 10,913 10,586 8,909 8,348 9,726 8,588 10,033 7,879

Seeds 530 710 784 1,024 1,131 1,411 662 826 646

Hired labor in kind 63 78 88 46 54 59


Threshers' share 2,963 3,712 3,197 4,479 3,857 4,313 3,369 3,767 2,936




IMPUTED COSTS 10,870 14,051 15,595 14,025 15,819 19,020 11,716 14,350 13,615

Seeds 28 38 42 20 25 20

Operator labor 2,374 2,932 3,312 4,584 5,178 6,117 2,966 3,504 3,846

Family labor 2,223 2,746 3,102 1,100 1,243 1,468 1,922 2,270 2,491

Exchange labor 223 275 311 144 163 193 202 239 262

Depreciation 564 620 682 743 817 899 612 673 740

Interest on operating capital 828 1,245 1,308 825 1,099 1,210 828 1,197 1,214



TOTAL COSTS 37,283 44,865 47,463 40,558 42,518 49,192 38,161 43,673 41,144

GROSS RETURNS 41,052 51,431 46,117 67,962 58,527 34,287 48,264 53,968 42,063



NON-CASH COSTS 14,639 20,617 14,249 41,429 31,828 4,115 21,819 24,645 14,534

NET RETURNS 3,769 6,566 -1,346 27,404 16,009 -14,905 10,103 10,295 919

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.10 0.15 -0.03 0.68 0.38 -0.30 0.26 0.24 0.02





ITEM

32

Table 5A. All Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Central Luzon, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 24,964 27,296 26,917 23,222 24,445 24,346 24,004 25,797 25,589

Seeds 2,063 2,707 2,299 1,932 2,521 2,034 1,991 2,604 2,156

Fertilizer 6,572 6,110 5,823 5,533 5,241 5,109 5,999 5,634 5,434

Pesticides 1,290 1,347 1,284 1,151 1,109 1,006 1,213 1,257 1,199

Hired labor 7,276 8,592 9,192 8,377 9,004 9,776 7,883 8,857 9,540

Land tax 315 318 321 344 347 350 331 334 337



Rentals 516 645 612 297 340 337 395 475 457

Fuel & Oil 1,535 1,608 1,439 1,216 1,199 1,085 1,359 1,382 1,243



Irrigation fee 985 1,292 1,097 487 635 512 710 929 769



Food expense 872 922 960 1,003 1,078 1,096 944 1,007 1,036

Repairs 1,643 1,680 1,701 1,737 1,768 1,789 1,695 1,729 1,750

NON-CASH COSTS 16,780 25,196 22,690 15,282 24,168 16,989 15,954 24,556 19,713

Seeds 260 341 290 265 346 279 263 344 285

Fertlizer 9 9 9 4 4 4 6 6 6


Hired labor in kind 1,148 1,356 1,451 854 918 997 986 1,108 1,193


Threshers' share 4,432 7,472 6,527 4,728 8,484 5,277 4,595 8,007 5,963


Caretaker/overseers wages 1,954 2,307 2,468 720 774 840 1,273 1,430 1,540


Rentals 668 855 768 548 715 577 602 774 661



Irrigation fee 52 68 58 55 72 58 54 71 59


IMPUTED COSTS 8,072 10,109 9,803 9,507 11,601 10,790 8,864 10,945 10,392

Seeds 254 333 283 322 420 339 292 382 316

Fertilizer 185 176 168 54 52 51 113 108 104

Operator labor 1,286 1,519 1,625 1,588 1,707 1,853 1,452 1,631 1,757

Family labor 1,502 1,774 1,898 1,268 1,363 1,480 1,373 1,543 1,662

Exchange labor 144 170 182 85 91 99 111 125 135

Depreciation 827 910 1,001 856 942 1,036 843 927 1,020



Fuel & Oil 17 18 16 8 8 7

Transport cost of inputs 11 11 11 a/ 0 0 5 5 5


TOTAL COSTS 49,817 62,601 59,410 48,012 60,214 52,125 48,822 61,298 55,694

GROSS RETURNS 73,977 124,718 108,936 62,315 111,823 69,549 67,545 117,705 87,659



CASH COSTS 32,232 72,226 59,32923,810 63,210 28,214 27,587 67,352 42,357

NET RETURNS 24,159 62,117 49,526 14,303 51,609 17,424 18,723 56,407 31,965







ITEM

33

Table 5B. Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Central Luzon, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 25,346 27,710 27,324 22,894 24,905 24,635 24,135 25,948 25,706

Seeds 2,086 2,735 2,322 1,911 3,060 2,469 2,000 2,621 2,170

Fertilizer 6,707 6,234 5,941 5,661 5,365 5,230 6,190 5,793 5,588

Pesticides 1,280 1,337 1,274 1,176 1,133 1,028 1,229 1,274 1,216

Hired labor 7,348 8,677 9,283 8,378 9,005 9,777 7,857 8,827 9,508

Land tax 324 327 330 289 292 295 307 310 313



Rentals 539 673 639 272 317 324 407 488 472

Fuel and Oil 1,536 1,609 1,440 1,214 1,197 1,083 1,377 1,400 1,259



Irrigation fee 1,027 1,347 1,144 640 1,025 827 836 1,095 906



Food expense 897 948 987 863 928 943 880 938 965

Repairs 1,646 1,683 1,704 1,320 1,344 1,360 1,485 1,515 1,533

NON-CASH COSTS 16,890 25,340 22,808 14,545 23,934 17,184 15,731 24,199 19,749

Seeds 269 353 300 306 490 395 288 377 312

Fertilizer a/ 0 0 a/ 0 0

Pesticides a/ 0 0 a/ 0 0

Hired labor in kind 1,136 1,342 1,436 1,048 1,126 1,223 1,092 1,227 1,322


Threshers' share 4,522 7,587 6,626 4,768 8,671 5,488 4,644 8,100 6,159


Caretaker/overseers wages 1,921 2,269 2,427 931 1,001 1,087 1,432 1,609 1,733


Rentals 698 893 803 361 578 466 531 680 587



Irrigation fee 55 72 61 72 115 93 63 83 69


IMPUTED COSTS 8,203 10,285 9,982 8,729 12,010 10,984 8,463 10,476 9,957

Seeds 260 341 290 275 440 355 268 351 291

Fertilizer 116 111 106 32 31 30 74 71 69

Operator labor 1,321 1,560 1,669 1,391 1,495 1,623 1,355 1,522 1,639

Family labor 1,564 1,847 1,976 1,216 1,307 1,419 1,392 1,564 1,685

Exchange labor 150 177 189 95 102 111 123 138 149

Depreciation 847 932 1,025 656 722 794 753 828 911



Fuel and Oil 18 19 17 9 9 8



TOTAL COSTS 50,439 63,335 60,114 46,168 60,849 52,803 48,328 60,623 55,412

GROSS RETURNS 74,471 124,938 109,123 62,915 114,419 72,415 68,760 119,925 91,185



CASH COSTS 32,234 71,888 58,99125,476 65,580 30,596 28,895 69,778 45,730

NET RETURNS 24,032 61,603 49,009 16,747 53,570 19,612 20,432 59,302 35,773







ITEM

34

Table 5C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Central Luzon, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 16,123 17,740 17,561 24,270 25,485 25,454 23,262 24,974 24,953

Seeds 1,527 2,034 1,727 1,998 2,618 2,112 1,939 2,517 2,084

Fertilizer 3,421 3,261 3,110 5,128 4,861 4,733 4,919 4,730 4,561

Pesticides 1,532 1,600 1,525 1,072 1,033 937 1,129 1,170 1,116

Hired labor 5,600 6,613 7,075 8,376 9,003 9,775 8,033 9,025 9,721

Land tax 116 117 118 520 525 530 470 475 480

Caretaker/overseer's wages 308 364 389 38 43 46

Rentals 378 459 417 331 406 374

Fuel & Oil 1,531 1,604 1,435 1,222 1,205 1,090 1,260 1,281 1,152





Food expense 286 302 314 1,453 1,562 1,587 1,309 1,396 1,436

Repairs 1,569 1,604 1,624 3,069 3,125 3,162 2,883 2,941 2,976

NON-CASH COSTS 14,240 23,540 21,044 17,637 26,866 17,735 17,217 25,544 17,668

Seeds 50 67 57 134 176 142 124 161 133


Hired labor in kind 1,419 6,610 5,788 234 252 274 381 428 461


Threshers' share 2,347 3,255 2,850 4,600 7,701 4,420 4,322 7,075 4,209


Caretaker/overseers wages 2,707 3,197 3,420 43 46 50 373 419 451

Rentals 1,142 1,496 1,207 1,001 1,299 1,075

Interest payment on crop loan 996 1,096 1,206 873 960 1,056


IMPUTED COSTS 5,053 5,956 5,623 11,995 14,530 13,588 11,136 13,583 12,844

Seeds 114 152 129 470 616 497 426 553 458

Fertilizer 1,774 1,663 1,587 126 116 113 330 304 293

Operator labor 469 554 593 2,218 2,384 2,588 2,002 2,249 2,422

Family labor 82 97 104 1,435 1,542 1,674 1,267 1,423 1,533

Exchange labor 6 7 7 51 55 60 45 51 55

Depreciation 364 400 440 1,495 1,645 1,810 1,355 1,491 1,640




TOTAL COSTS 35,417 47,236 44,228 53,902 66,881 56,777 51,616 64,101 55,465

GROSS RETURNS 62,533 86,735 75,953 60,399 101,122 58,031 60,663 99,298 59,076



NON-CASH COSTS 32,169 45,455 37,348 18,491 48,771 14,842 20,183 48,780 16,455

NET RETURNS 27,116 39,499 31,725 6,496 34,241 1,254 9,047 35,197 3,611






ITEM

35

Table 6A. All Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, CALABARZON, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 21,122 22,639 22,914 17,915 19,190 19,372 19,416 20,814 21,017

Seeds 871 1,103 908 838 1,020 840 854 1,062 874

Fertilizer 4,488 4,339 4,176 4,232 4,016 3,892 4,352 4,169 4,025

Pesticides 1,536 1,487 1,499 1,291 1,347 1,309 1,406 1,421 1,392

Hired labor 8,988 10,104 10,804 8,480 9,539 10,199 8,717 9,802 10,480

Land tax 248 250 253 113 114 115 176 178 180


Rentals 310 349 373 178 203 207 239 271 284

Fuel & Oil 820 869 759 530 518 442 666 678 586



Irrigation fee 439 556 458 429 522 430 434 539 444



Food expense 334 354 371 280 301 304 305 326 335

Repairs 2,418 2,509 2,562 981 1,016 1,023 1,653 1,715 1,739

Other costs 6 6 6 3 3 3

NON-CASH COSTS 18,935 21,374 18,539 16,362 19,916 16,438 17,567 20,587 17,452

Seeds 518 656 540 731 890 733 631 784 645

Fertilizer 9 9 9 11 11 11 10 10 10

Hired labor in kind 853 959 1,025 1,009 1,135 1,214 936 1,053 1,126


Threshers' share 4,778 4,861 4,248 3,987 4,949 3,812 4,357 4,908 4,035



Rentals 1,629 2,059 1,705 577 693 598 1,069 1,321 1,106


Irrigation fee 323 409 337 232 283 233 274 341 281

IMPUTED COSTS 6,175 7,305 7,380 6,570 7,627 7,972 6,385 7,474 7,692

Seeds 338 428 352 268 326 268 301 374 308

Fertilizer 145 141 136 21 21 21 79 77 75

Pesticides 27 26 26 5 5 5 16 16 16

Operator labor 1,880 2,113 2,259 2,449 2,755 2,946 2,183 2,455 2,625

Family labor 1,247 1,402 1,499 1,508 1,696 1,813 1,386 1,559 1,667

Exchange labor 146 164 175 216 243 260 183 206 220

Depreciation 626 689 758 1,007 1,108 1,219 829 912 1,003


Rental value of owned land 843 1,068 879 238 290 239 521 648 533

Fuel & Oil 7 7 6 5 5 4 6 6 5



TOTAL COSTS 46,232 51,318 48,833 40,847 46,733 43,782 43,368 48,875 46,161

GROSS RETURNS 63,477 64,580 56,431 53,124 65,940 50,785 57,971 65,301 53,689



NON-CASH COSTS 23,420 20,567 14,978 18,847 26,834 14,975 20,988 23,900 15,220

NET RETURNS 17,245 13,262 7,598 12,277 19,207 7,003 14,603 16,426 7,528







ITEM

36

Table 6B. Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, CALABARZON, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 22,699 24,324 24,590 19,646 20,989 21,111 21,196 22,692 22,865

Seeds 977 1,235 1,017 1,032 1,260 1,037 1,004 1,250 1,029

Fertilizer 4,936 4,771 4,590 4,881 4,596 4,452 4,909 4,684 4,523

Pesticides 1,655 1,602 1,614 1,445 1,507 1,464 1,552 1,568 1,537

Hired labor 9,561 10,748 11,493 8,931 10,046 10,741 9,251 10,403 11,123

Land tax 269 272 275 96 97 98 184 186 188


Rentals 339 381 407 137 154 165 240 270 289

Fuel & Oil 856 908 793 601 587 501 730 743 642



Irrigation fee 502 635 523 573 700 576 537 668 550



Food expense 304 322 337 153 165 167 229 245 252

Repairs 2,619 2,718 2,775 1,239 1,284 1,293 1,940 2,012 2,041


NON-CASH COSTS 20,008 23,131 19,768 17,272 21,389 17,636 18,661 22,251 18,721

Seeds 446 564 464 646 789 650 544 677 557

Hired labor in kind 879 988 1,056 1,109 1,248 1,334 992 1,116 1,193


Threshers' share 5,245 5,663 4,786 4,305 5,517 4,234 4,783 5,591 4,522


Caretaker/overseers wages 491 552 590 914 1,028 1,099 699 786 840

Rentals 1,830 2,312 1,906 600 720 629 1,224 1,515 1,267


Irrigation fee 368 465 383 310 378 311 340 423 348

IMPUTED COSTS 6,027 7,173 7,204 4,902 5,763 6,039 5,473 6,471 6,622

Seeds 350 443 365 195 238 196 274 341 281

Fertilizer 155 151 145 18 18 17 88 86 83

Pesticides 30 29 29 7 7 7 19 19 19

Operator labor 1,758 1,976 2,113 1,923 2,163 2,313 1,839 2,068 2,211

Family labor 1,111 1,249 1,336 771 867 927 943 1,060 1,133

Exchange labor 74 83 89 72 81 87 73 82 88

Depreciation 634 697 767 914 1,005 1,106 772 849 934


Rental value of owned land 924 1,168 962 63 77 63 500 622 512

Fuel & Oil 8 8 7 6 6 5 7 7 6


TOTAL COSTS 48,734 54,628 51,562 41,820 48,141 44,786 45,331 51,414 48,208

GROSS RETURNS 68,250 73,685 62,282 55,551 71,189 54,630 61,999 72,471 58,617



NON-CASH COSTS 25,544 26,230 17,924 18,633 28,811 15,883 22,142 27,528 17,031

NET RETURNS 19,516 19,057 10,720 13,730 23,048 9,844 16,668 21,057 10,409






ITEM

37

Table 6C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, CALABARZON, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 9,956 4,799 4,654 12,782 5,381 5,062 11,930 5,214 4,951

Seeds 123 160 132 262 317 261 220 271 223

Fertilizer 1,314 1,265 1,239 2,310 2,296 2,226 2,009 1,994 1,934

Pesticides 690 94 99 834 135 122 790 119 114

Hired labor 4,929 227 127 7,141 281 156 6,474 264 147

Land tax 98 99 100 167 169 171 146 147 148


Rentals 102 115 123 297 345 330 238 277 268

Fuel & Oil 564 598 522 321 313 267 394 401 346





Food expense 549 582 610 655 705 712 623 666 685

Repairs 991 1,028 1,050 215 223 225 449 466 473

Others costs 43 45 46 13 14 14

NON-CASH COSTS 11,338 13,806 12,941 13,665 16,154 13,028 12,963 15,109 12,960

Seeds 1,026 1,333 1,097 985 1,190 980 997 1,228 1,011

Fertilizer 73 71 70 45 44 43 54 53 51



Threshers' share 1,466 1,592 1,863 3,043 3,556 2,627 2,567 2,814 2,421


Rentals 200 225 241 510 616 507 416 505 433


IMPUTED COSTS 7,221 7,900 8,272 11,514 12,641 13,148 10,219 11,220 11,684

Seeds 256 333 274 487 588 484 417 514 423

Fertilizer 76 74 73 30 29 28 44 43 42


Operator labor 2,746 3,087 3,301 4,009 4,510 4,822 3,628 4,080 4,362

Family labor 2,215 2,490 2,663 3,695 4,157 4,445 3,248 3,652 3,905

Exchange labor 662 744 796 644 724 774 650 731 782

Depreciation 568 625 688 1,283 1,411 1,552 1,067 1,174 1,291


Rental value of owned land 270 351 289 759 917 755 612 754 621


Sacks and Tying materials a/ 0 0 2 2 2 1 1 1

TOTAL COSTS 28,515 26,505 25,867 37,961 34,176 31,238 35,112 31,543 29,595

GROSS RETURNS 29,677 32,234 37,729 45,929 53,668 39,650 41,028 44,973 38,687



NON-CASH COSTS 8,383 13,629 20,134 19,482 32,133 21,560 16,135 24,650 20,776

NET RETURNS 1,162 5,729 11,862 7,969 19,492 8,412 5,916 13,430 9,092







ITEM

38

Table 7A. All Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, MIMAROPA, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 20,337 21,508 21,807 23,811 25,708 25,882 22,392 23,924 24,150

Seeds 1,159 1,323 1,192 1,638 1,872 1,584 1,442 1,641 1,433

Fertilizer 5,287 5,187 5,083 5,235 5,246 5,072 5,256 5,216 5,075

Pesticides 1,669 1,718 1,667 1,952 1,946 1,872 1,836 1,855 1,766

Hired labor 6,915 7,669 8,203 9,222 10,569 11,301 8,280 9,328 9,976

Land tax 248 250 253 159 161 163 195 197 199


Rentals 347 390 381 173 198 180 243 276 261

Fuel & Oil 1,352 1,419 1,354 1,348 1,383 1,310 1,350 1,401 1,332



Irrigation fee 218 249 224 280 320 271 255 290 253


Food expense 657 701 735 699 760 765 682 735 755

Repairs 1,267 1,298 1,330 1,570 1,612 1,641 1,446 1,483 1,515

Others costs 7 7 7 4 4 4

NON-CASH COSTS 14,518 16,091 14,944 14,068 16,525 14,637 14,252 16,245 14,728

Seeds 777 887 799 906 1,035 876 854 972 849

Fertilizer 127 119 117 38 38 37 75 73 71

Pesticides 58 59 57 4 4 4 26 26 25



Threshers' share 3,333 3,602 3,226 4,498 5,439 4,549 4,022 4,628 4,002

Landowner's shares 4,193 4,786 4,313 2,503 2,860 2,419 3,193 3,634 3,172

Caretaker/overseers wages 837 928 993 1,096 1,256 1,343 990 1,115 1,192


Rentals 505 574 528 810 925 802 686 780 696


Irrigation fee 520 594 535 69 79 67 253 288 251

IMPUTED COSTS 8,268 9,574 9,525 9,628 11,241 10,632 9,073 10,522 10,192

Seeds 252 288 260 30 34 29 120 137 120

Fertilizer 164 164 159 96 94 92

Pesticides 22 23 22 2 2 2 10 2 2

Operator labor 2,050 2,273 2,431 1,323 1,516 1,621 1,620 1,825 1,952

Family labor 1,051 1,166 1,247 969 1,111 1,188 1,002 1,129 1,207

Exchange labor 86 95 102 112 128 137 102 115 123

Depreciation 668 735 809 816 898 988 755 831 914



Fuel & Oil 3 3 3 2 2 2

Transport cost of inputs a/ 0 0 5 5 5 3 3 3


TOTAL COSTS 43,123 47,173 46,276 47,508 53,474 51,151 45,717 50,691 49,070

GROSS RETURNS 65,138 70,403 63,063 62,805 75,952 63,525 63,758 73,362 63,443



NON-CASH COSTS 30,283 32,804 26,312 24,925 33,719 23,006 27,114 33,193 24,565

NET RETURNS 22,015 23,230 16,787 15,297 22,478 12,374 18,041 22,671 14,373







ITEM

39

Table 7B. Irrigated: Average production costs and returns per hectare, MIMAROPA, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 22,422 23,740 24,488 26,476 28,619 29,041 24,405 26,098 26,653

Seeds 1,315 1,482 1,336 1,558 1,776 1,502 1,434 1,628 1,421

Fertilizer 5,814 5,741 5,625 5,652 5,700 5,512 5,735 5,722 5,567

Pesticides 1,818 1,870 1,815 2,296 2,289 2,202 2,052 2,074 1,974

Hired labor 7,502 8,320 8,899 10,192 11,681 12,490 8,818 9,934 10,624

Land tax 244 246 248 152 154 156 199 201 203


Rentals 409 458 447 252 287 258 331 374 353

Fuel and Oil 1,563 1,641 1,565 1,380 1,415 1,341 1,474 1,530 1,455



Irrigation fee 264 298 269 511 582 492 385 437 382


Food expense 644 687 720 640 695 699 642 691 709

Repairs 1,454 1,490 1,527 2,222 2,282 2,323 1,830 1,877 1,917

Others costs 14 15 15 7 7 7

NON-CASH COSTS 15,258 16,712 15,582 13,137 15,561 13,705 14,220 16,136 14,618

Seeds 675 761 686 991 1,130 956 830 942 822

Fertilizer 153 144 142 64 64 62 109 106 103

Pesticides 71 73 71 7 7 7 40 40 38



Threshers' share 3,574 3,804 3,408 4,499 5,516 4,555 4,026 4,600 3,953


Caretaker/overseers wages 1,012 1,122 1,200 908 1,041 1,113 961 1,083 1,158


Rentals 610 687 632 296 338 302 456 517 466


Irrigation fee 628 708 638 126 144 122 382 434 379

IMPUTED COSTS 8,190 6,306 5,962 11,329 11,067 9,883 9,726 8,626 7,912

Seeds 271 305 275 7 8 7 142 161 141

Fertilizer 288 290 280 140 136 132

Pesticides 26 32 31 14 12 11

Operator labor 2,024 101 65 1,180 79 37 1,611 94 51

Family labor 868 48 31 765 55 26 817 52 28

Exchange labor 104 6 4 18 1 1 62 4 2

Depreciation 685 754 829 875 963 1,059 778 856 942

Interest on operating capital 943 1,384 1,401 1,129 1,628 1,642 1,034 1,502 1,514




TOTAL COSTS 45,870 46,758 46,032 50,942 55,247 52,629 48,351 50,860 49,183

GROSS RETURNS 70,821 75,377 67,529 66,231 81,209 67,066 68,576 78,353 67,335



CASH COSTS 33,141 34,925 27,459 26,618 37,029 24,320 29,950 36,119 26,064

NET RETURNS 24,950 28,619 21,497 15,289 25,962 14,437 20,225 27,493 18,152







ITEM

40

Table 7C. Non-Irrigated: Average production costs and returns per hectare, MIMAROPA, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 10,369 10,836 11,065 20,594 21,998 22,126 18,460 19,790 20,022

Seeds 409 519 468 1,735 1,987 1,681 1,458 1,671 1,459

Fertilizer 2,768 2,603 2,549 4,733 4,784 4,628 4,323 4,218 4,107

Pesticides 954 982 953 1,536 1,531 1,473 1,415 1,430 1,361

Hired labor 4,112 4,506 4,820 8,051 8,916 9,533 7,229 8,218 8,789

Land tax 269 272 275 167 169 171 189 191 193


Rentals 52 58 62 76 87 83 72 82 80

Fuel & Oil 346 363 346 1,310 1,344 1,273 1,109 1,151 1,094




Food expense 721 769 806 771 838 843 761 820 842

Repairs 370 379 388 784 805 820 697 715 730

NON-CASH COSTS 10,977 14,563 13,039 15,193 17,425 15,488 14,313 16,436 14,888

Seeds 1,266 1,606 1,447 803 920 778 900 1,032 901


Hired labor in kind 551 611 654 835 957 1,023 776 874 935


Threshers' share 2,181 3,109 2,709 4,497 5,186 4,416 4,014 4,656 4,048


Caretaker/overseers wages 1,324 1,517 1,622 1,048 1,181 1,263


Rentals 1,431 1,639 1,412 1,133 1,297 1,149


IMPUTED COSTS 8,639 10,265 10,233 7,575 8,877 8,689 7,797 9,053 8,955

Seeds 160 203 183 57 65 55 78 89 78

Fertilizer 14 14 14 12 12 12


Operator labor 2,173 2,410 2,578 1,496 1,715 1,834 1,637 1,844 1,972

Family labor 1,924 2,134 2,283 1,215 1,393 1,490 1,363 1,536 1,643

Exchange labor 2 2 2 226 259 277 179 202 216

Depreciation 586 645 710 744 818 900 711 782 860

Interest on operating capital 472 674 686 920 1,301 1,307 827 1,172 1,182


Fuel & Oil 7 7 7 6 6 6



TOTAL COSTS 29,985 35,664 34,337 43,362 48,300 46,303 40,571 45,279 43,865

GROSS RETURNS 37,959 54,120 47,163 58,668 67,658 57,612 54,347 63,036 54,812



CASH COSTS 16,613 28,721 23,059 22,881 28,235 19,998 21,574 26,810 19,902

NET RETURNS 7,974 18,456 12,826 15,306 19,358 11,309 13,777 17,757 10,947







ITEM

41

Table 8A. All Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Bicol Region, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 15,440 15,704 15,952 15,267 16,708 16,884 15,356 16,186 16,367

Seeds 926 1,042 938 1,013 1,229 944 968 1,132 941

Fertilizer 3,680 3,383 3,290 3,441 3,159 3,037 3,564 3,274 3,166

Pesticides 702 683 644 758 774 695 729 726 638

Hired labor 6,471 6,729 7,137 6,729 7,975 8,616 6,597 7,330 7,848

Land tax 135 136 137 112 113 114 124 125 126


Rentals 861 917 972 768 860 929 816 891 954

Fuel & Oil 316 333 302 266 276 251 291 304 276



Irrigation fee 142 160 144 138 167 128 140 164 136



Food expense 671 725 761 744 810 806 707 767 784

Repairs 884 910 927 692 713 725 791 815 830

Other costs 18 19 19 8 8 8 13 14 14

NON-CASH COSTS 8,747 10,967 10,103 9,381 12,831 10,230 9,056 11,871 10,173

Seeds 564 634 571 550 667 512 557 652 542

Fertilizer 14 12 12 41 35 34 27 24 23



Threshers' share 1,552 2,288 2,028 1,897 3,133 2,286 1,720 2,685 2,160



Rentals 789 860 853 993 1,148 1,096 889 999 970


Irrigation fee 160 180 162 130 158 121 145 170 141

IMPUTED COSTS 7,990 8,838 8,870 8,161 9,513 9,380 8,073 9,173 9,093

Seeds 117 132 119 134 163 125 125 146 121

Fertilizer 13 11 11 8 7 7 10 9 9


Operator labor 1,815 1,933 2,050 2,189 2,452 2,649 1,997 2,182 2,336

Family labor 2,430 2,588 2,745 2,650 2,968 3,206 2,537 2,772 2,968

Exchange labor 45 48 51 43 48 52 44 48 51

Depreciation 366 403 443 378 416 458 372 409 450



Transport cost of inputs a/ 0 0 a/ 0 0


TOTAL COSTS 32,177 35,509 34,925 32,809 39,052 36,494 32,485 37,230 35,633

GROSS RETURNS 43,611 64,282 56,965 43,704 72,185 52,679 43,656 68,151 54,819



NON-CASH COSTS 19,424 37,611 30,910 19,056 42,646 25,565 19,244 40,094 28,279

NET RETURNS 11,434 28,773 22,040 10,895 33,133 16,185 11,172 30,921 19,186







ITEM

42

Table 8B. Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Bicol Region, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 17,807 18,424 18,746 17,400 18,649 18,870 17,606 18,532 18,769

Seeds 839 952 857 884 1,078 828 861 1,014 843

Fertilizer 4,101 3,868 3,762 3,775 3,533 3,394 3,940 3,701 3,578

Pesticides 798 776 732 865 884 795 831 827 726

Hired labor 7,749 8,253 8,753 8,123 9,099 9,830 7,934 8,669 9,282

Land tax 112 113 114 103 104 105 108 109 110


Rentals 842 897 950 647 725 783 746 816 872

Fuel and Oil 406 428 388 283 294 267 345 361 327



Irrigation fee 291 330 297 277 338 260 284 334 278



Food expense 916 990 1,039 1,131 1,232 1,226 1,022 1,109 1,133

Repairs 1,045 1,075 1,095 639 659 670 844 869 885

Other costs 30 32 33 17 18 18 23 24 24

NON-CASH COSTS 9,390 11,553 10,651 9,948 13,291 10,673 9,666 12,400 10,658

Seeds 620 703 633 569 694 533 595 701 583

Fertilizer 1 1 1 16 13 12 9 7 7



Threshers' share 1,248 1,755 1,569 1,678 2,666 1,969 1,460 2,183 1,774



Rentals 664 742 696 1,088 1,285 1,136 873 1,003 911


Irrigation fee 330 374 337 260 317 244 295 347 288

IMPUTED COSTS 7,424 8,277 8,335 8,008 9,293 9,367 7,712 8,775 8,798

Seeds 146 166 149 218 266 204 181 213 177



Operator labor 1,675 1,784 1,892 2,374 2,659 2,873 2,020 2,207 2,363

Family labor 2,215 2,359 2,502 2,745 3,075 3,322 2,477 2,706 2,897

Exchange labor 40 43 46 82 92 99 61 67 72

Depreciation 427 470 517 418 460 506 422 464 510



Transport cost of inputs a/ 0 0 a/ 0 0


TOTAL COSTS 34,621 38,254 37,732 35,355 41,233 38,910 34,984 39,707 38,225

GROSS RETURNS 49,598 69,757 62,370 48,694 77,372 57,149 49,151 73,488 59,731



NON-CASH COSTS 22,400 39,780 32,973 21,346 45,432 27,606 21,880 42,556 30,304

NET RETURNS 14,977 31,503 24,638 13,339 36,139 18,239 14,168 33,781 21,506







ITEM

43

Table 8C. Non-Irrigated: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Bicol Region, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 13,203 13,438 13,638 13,143 13,903 13,964 13,174 13,669 13,777

Seeds 1,008 1,121 1,009 1,142 1,376 1,057 1,072 1,243 1,033

Fertilizer 3,281 2,925 2,845 3,109 2,786 2,681 3,199 2,859 2,765

Pesticides 611 594 560 651 664 597 631 628 552

Hired labor 5,263 5,605 5,945 5,340 5,981 6,461 5,300 5,791 6,200

Land tax 156 158 160 121 122 123 139 140 141


Rentals 878 935 992 888 995 1,075 883 965 1,033

Fuel & Oil 230 243 220 249 258 234 239 250 227





Food expense 440 475 499 358 390 388 401 435 445

Repairs 732 753 767 746 769 782 739 761 775


NON-CASH COSTS 8,140 9,999 9,164 8,816 12,031 9,314 8,465 10,966 9,249

Seeds 510 567 510 531 640 492 520 603 501

Fertilizer 26 22 22 64 57 55 45 40 39



Threshers' share 1,840 2,609 2,263 2,114 3,431 2,346 1,972 2,995 2,307



Rentals 907 974 1,004 898 1,014 1,058 903 995 1,028


IMPUTED COSTS 8,525 9,371 9,379 8,313 9,670 9,329 8,423 9,531 9,353

Seeds 89 99 89 50 60 46 70 81 67

Fertilizer 13 13 13 16 15 14 15 14 13

Operator labor 1,948 2,075 2,201 2,003 2,244 2,424 1,974 2,157 2,309

Family labor 2,633 2,804 2,974 2,556 2,863 3,093 2,596 2,836 3,037

Exchange labor 50 53 56 4 4 4 28 31 33

Depreciation 308 339 373 339 373 410 323 355 391




TOTAL COSTS 29,867 32,808 32,181 30,272 35,604 32,607 30,062 34,166 32,379

GROSS RETURNS 37,954 53,828 46,677 38,732 62,871 42,997 38,328 58,209 44,832



NON-CASH COSTS 16,611 30,391 23,875 16,773 36,937 19,719 16,689 33,574 21,806

NET RETURNS 8,087 21,020 14,496 8,460 27,267 10,390 8,266 24,043 12,453






ITEM

44

Table 9A. All Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Western Visayas, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 13,753 13,792 13,945 14,071 14,528 14,552 13,943 14,172 14,332

Seeds 491 598 548 944 1,140 996 763 926 829

Fertilizer 4,096 3,610 3,557 4,209 3,776 3,669 4,164 3,713 3,633

Pesticides 1,156 1,180 1,164 1,282 1,379 1,370 1,231 1,240 1,297

Hired labor 4,185 4,313 4,561 4,046 4,428 4,701 4,102 4,376 4,637

Land tax 219 221 223 196 198 200 205 207 209



Rentals 271 327 305 240 283 265 253 301 281

Fuel & Oil 748 781 755 517 520 503 609 624 603



Irrigation fee 232 283 260 115 139 121 162 197 176


Food expense 844 901 945 981 1,061 1,082 926 995 1,029

Repairs 818 837 852 864 887 901 846 866 881

Other costs 27 28 29 40 42 43 35 37 38

NON-CASH COSTS 13,129 17,857 16,222 13,810 18,503 16,587 13,537 18,332 16,634

Seeds 2,054 2,502 2,295 1,466 1,770 1,546 1,701 2,065 1,849

Fertilizer 13 13 13 32 28 28 24 21 21

Pesticides 2 0 0 5 1 1 4 1 1



Threshers' share 2,303 3,559 3,127 3,000 4,428 3,920 2,721 4,115 3,671




Rentals 1,692 2,022 1,913 1,462 1,748 1,569 1,554 1,861 1,716


Irrigation fee 162 197 181 64 77 67 103 125 112

IMPUTED COSTS 5,590 6,567 6,637 5,485 6,470 6,487 5,527 6,506 6,558

Seeds 150 183 168 418 505 441 311 378 338

Fertilizer 5 4 4 2 2 2 3 3 3


Operator labor 1,390 1,550 1,639 1,297 1,453 1,543 1,335 1,492 1,581

Family labor 1,258 1,403 1,484 1,346 1,508 1,601 1,311 1,465 1,552

Exchange labor 23 26 27 15 17 18 18 20 21

Depreciation 561 617 679 636 700 770 606 667 734





TOTAL COSTS 32,471 38,216 36,804 33,366 39,501 37,626 33,007 39,010 37,524

GROSS RETURNS 37,088 57,314 50,353 43,456 64,140 56,786 40,904 61,862 55,194



CASH COSTS 10,206 25,665 20,186 15,575 31,109 25,647 13,424 29,358 24,228

NET RETURNS 4,616 19,098 13,549 10,090 24,639 19,160 7,897 22,852 17,670







ITEM

45

Table 9B. Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Western Visayas, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 16,460 17,112 17,228 17,581 18,200 18,211 17,045 17,615 17,762

Seeds 618 743 681 1,156 1,364 1,191 898 1,069 957

Fertilizer 4,869 4,390 4,327 5,462 4,832 4,696 5,179 4,624 4,526

Pesticides 1,296 1,324 1,306 1,580 1,700 1,688 1,444 1,455 1,521

Hired labor 5,020 5,597 5,919 5,466 6,122 6,500 5,253 5,871 6,221

Land tax 177 179 181 184 186 188 180 182 184


Rentals 551 659 611 323 373 356 432 507 471

Fuel and Oil 1,128 1,178 1,139 784 789 764 949 973 941



Irrigation fee 669 804 737 456 538 470 558 664 595


Food expense 738 788 826 909 983 1,003 827 889 920

Repairs 726 743 756 677 695 706 701 718 730

Other costs 72 75 77 35 37 38 53 56 57

NON-CASH COSTS 16,422 20,918 19,057 18,147 22,054 19,887 17,322 21,619 19,677

Seeds 2,444 2,937 2,694 1,621 1,912 1,670 2,015 2,398 2,147

Fertilizer 9 8 8 35 34 33 23 23 22


Hired labor in kind 618 689 729 1,191 1,334 1,416 917 1,025 1,086


Threshers' share 2,666 3,670 3,240 3,645 4,631 4,105 3,177 4,227 3,775



Rentals 1,422 1,700 1,576 1,458 1,716 1,513 1,441 1,709 1,546


Irrigation fee 468 562 515 252 297 259 355 423 379

IMPUTED COSTS 5,532 6,549 6,580 5,496 6,497 6,490 5,513 6,513 6,531

Seeds 137 165 151 296 349 305 220 262 235


Operator labor 1,379 1,538 1,626 1,384 1,550 1,646 1,381 1,543 1,635

Family labor 834 930 983 1,026 1,149 1,220 934 1,044 1,106

Exchange labor 20 22 23 24 27 29 22 25 26

Depreciation 598 658 724 584 642 706 591 650 715

Interest on operating capital 676 983 997 783 1,136 1,142 732 1,056 1,075




TOTAL COSTS 38,414 44,579 42,865 41,224 46,751 44,588 39,880 45,747 43,970

GROSS RETURNS 46,447 63,935 56,442 55,862 70,966 62,911 51,360 68,334 61,022



NON-CASH COSTS 13,565 25,905 20,157 20,134 30,712 24,813 16,993 29,100 23,583

NET RETURNS 8,033 19,356 13,577 14,639 24,215 18,323 11,480 22,587 17,052






ITEM

46

Table 9C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Western Visayas, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 12,316 12,271 12,458 12,883 13,558 13,602 12,674 13,020 13,202

Seeds 424 522 479 872 1,065 930 707 868 777

Fertilizer 3,685 3,197 3,151 3,803 3,438 3,339 3,759 3,350 3,278

Pesticides 1,082 1,104 1,089 1,181 1,271 1,262 1,145 1,154 1,206

Hired labor 3,743 3,882 4,105 3,566 4,129 4,383 3,631 4,028 4,268

Land tax 242 244 246 200 202 204 216 218 220



Rentals 122 147 138 212 252 233 178 214 200

Fuel & Oil 546 570 551 426 429 415 470 482 466




Food expense 900 961 1,008 1,006 1,088 1,110 967 1,039 1,075

Repairs 867 887 903 928 953 968 905 927 943

Other costs 4 4 4 41 43 44 27 28 29

NON-CASH COSTS 11,382 15,589 14,079 12,343 16,805 14,979 11,988 16,472 14,885

Seeds 1,847 2,272 2,084 1,413 1,727 1,509 1,573 1,931 1,729

Fertilizer 15 14 14 30 30 29 25 23 23

Pesticides 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3



Threshers' share 2,110 3,274 2,838 2,782 4,149 3,649 2,534 3,870 3,433




Rentals 1,834 2,196 2,096 1,463 1,762 1,591 1,600 1,926 1,788


IMPUTED COSTS 5,620 6,592 6,683 5,481 6,482 6,509 5,533 6,521 6,587

Seeds 157 193 177 460 562 491 348 427 382



Operator labor 1,396 1,557 1,647 1,268 1,420 1,508 1,315 1,470 1,558

Family labor 1,482 1,652 1,747 1,454 1,629 1,730 1,465 1,637 1,735

Exchange labor 26 29 31 11 12 13 17 19 20

Depreciation 541 595 655 654 719 791 612 673 740





TOTAL COSTS 29,318 34,452 33,220 30,706 36,845 35,090 30,194 36,013 34,674

GROSS RETURNS 32,122 49,847 43,211 39,257 58,553 51,502 36,625 55,931 49,616



CASH COSTS 8,424 21,987 16,674 14,032 28,190 22,921 11,963 26,439 21,529

NET RETURNS 2,804 15,395 9,991 8,551 21,708 16,412 6,431 19,918 14,942







ITEM

47

Table 10A. All Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Central Visayas, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 21,931 22,320 22,964 19,643 19,996 20,501 20,787 21,114 21,705

Seeds 560 669 609 799 871 875 679 775 741

Fertilizer 9,247 8,779 8,624 8,078 7,492 7,373 8,663 8,131 7,993

Pesticides 705 376 442 523 585 591 613 433 503

Hired labor 6,554 7,291 7,907 6,529 7,083 7,619 6,542 7,183 7,757

Land tax 117 118 119 144 145 146 131 132 133

Rentals 200 222 241 542 588 631 371 407 439

Fuel and Oil 164 174 176 348 365 356 256 270 268



Irrigation fee 328 392 357 434 473 475 381 435 416



Food expense 1,282 1,388 1,432 1,044 1,134 1,136 1,163 1,262 1,283

Repairs 2,292 2,402 2,532 562 592 615 1,427 1,499 1,568

Other costs 113 119 120 56 59 60

NON-CASH COSTS 12,375 15,281 14,012 12,589 15,507 15,957 12,482 15,411 14,996

Seeds 847 1,012 921 980 1,068 1,072 913 1,043 998

Fertilizer 136 130 128 82 81 80 109 106 104



Threshers' share 2,116 2,783 2,476 2,050 2,947 3,071 2,083 2,880 2,783



Rentals 596 673 707 634 689 719 615 684 711


Irrigation fee 268 320 291 134 153 146


IMPUTED COST 9,111 10,659 11,016 8,647 9,707 10,254 8,879 10,162 10,627

Seeds 561 671 611 111 121 122 336 384 367

Fertilizer 69 62 61 65 57 57 67 60 59

Operator labor 3,023 3,363 3,647 2,870 3,114 3,350 2,947 3,236 3,495

Family labor 1,544 1,718 1,863 1,534 1,664 1,790 1,539 1,690 1,825

Exchange labor 230 256 278 57 62 67 144 158 171

Depreciation 1,025 1,128 1,241 1,271 1,398 1,538 1,148 1,263 1,389





Other costs 28 29 29 14 15 15

TOTAL COSTS 43,417 48,260 47,992 40,879 45,210 46,712 42,148 46,687 47,328

GROSS RETURNS 45,840 60,290 53,640 46,335 66,617 69,422 46,088 63,713 61,570



NON-CASH COSTS 11,534 22,689 16,664 14,103 31,114 32,964 12,818 27,188 24,869

NET RETURNS 2,423 12,030 5,648 5,456 21,407 22,710 3,939 17,026 14,242






ITEM

48

Table 10B. Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Central Visayas, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 25,045 25,879 26,554 22,459 22,774 23,326 23,758 24,311 24,930

Seeds 710 827 753 878 944 948 793 889 851

Fertilizer 10,640 10,096 9,910 9,550 8,838 8,698 10,097 9,464 9,303

Pesticides 192 177 207 283 324 327 237 227 264

Hired labor 7,802 8,679 9,412 7,172 7,781 8,370 7,489 8,223 8,880

Land tax 126 127 128 156 158 160 141 142 143

Rentals 134 149 162 626 679 730 379 416 449

Fuel and Oil 184 196 198 442 464 453 313 331 329



Irrigation fee 600 699 636 802 863 867 700 784 750



Food expense 1,418 1,535 1,584 1,189 1,292 1,294 1,304 1,415 1,438

Repairs 2,811 2,946 3,105 776 818 850 1,799 1,890 1,978

Other costs 54 57 58 27 28 29

NON-CASH COSTS 14,316 16,897 15,545 14,928 18,631 19,123 14,621 17,754 17,283

Seeds 562 655 596 852 916 920 706 791 757

Fertilizer 98 96 94 49 47 46



Threshers' share 2,697 3,262 2,929 2,578 3,778 3,917 2,638 3,534 3,423



Rentals 753 849 880 855 922 951 804 891 912


Irrigation fee 491 572 521 247 277 265


IMPUTED COSTS 10,026 11,662 12,081 8,850 9,957 10,485 9,441 10,793 11,277

Seeds 783 913 831 88 95 95 437 490 469

Fertilizer 126 113 111 121 107 105 124 109 108

Operator labor 3,255 3,621 3,927 3,139 3,406 3,664 3,197 3,510 3,790

Family labor 1,842 2,049 2,222 1,408 1,528 1,644 1,626 1,785 1,928

Exchange labor 186 207 224 63 68 73 125 137 148

Depreciation 1,203 1,323 1,455 995 1,095 1,205 1,100 1,210 1,331





TOTAL COSTS 49,387 54,438 54,180 46,237 51,362 52,934 47,820 52,858 53,490

GROSS RETURNS 55,161 66,713 59,907 51,145 74,958 77,721 53,163 71,224 68,981



NON-CASH COSTS 15,800 23,937 17,808 13,758 33,553 35,272 14,784 29,159 26,768

NET RETURNS 5,774 12,275 5,727 4,908 23,596 24,787 5,343 18,366 15,491






ITEM

49

Table 10C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Central Visayas, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 18,170 18,659 19,364 16,316 17,066 17,510 17,238 17,834 18,450

Seeds 379 475 432 705 784 787 543 639 611

Fertilizers 7,566 7,255 7,133 6,340 6,230 6,131 6,950 6,747 6,636

Pesticides 1,325 1,221 1,433 806 922 931 1,063 1,021 1,185

Hired labor 5,047 5,614 6,088 5,769 6,259 6,733 5,410 5,940 6,415

Land tax 105 106 107 131 132 133 118 119 120

Rentals 279 310 336 445 483 516 362 400 429

Fuel and Oil 139 148 150 237 249 243 189 200 199





Food expense 1,117 1,209 1,248 873 949 950 995 1,080 1,098

Repairs 1,666 1,746 1,840 308 325 338 983 1,033 1,081

Other costs 183 192 194 92 97 99

NON-CASH COSTS 10,032 13,223 12,050 9,825 11,766 12,098 9,928 12,442 12,067

Seeds 1,191 1,492 1,358 1,130 1,257 1,262 1,160 1,365 1,306

Inorganic fertilizers: Solid 299 255 251 63 61 60 181 157 154

Hired labor in kind 569 633 686 923 1,001 1,077 747 820 886


Threshers' share 1,416 2,130 1,860 1,426 1,944 2,023 1,421 2,033 1,944


Rentals 407 453 491 372 404 435 390 428 462


Other costs

IMPUTED COSTS 8,006 9,335 9,605 8,407 9,557 10,125 8,207 9,411 9,856

Seeds 293 367 334 138 153 154 215 253 242

Operator labor 2,744 2,876 3,120 2,552 2,764 2,973 2,647 2,826 3,052

Family labor 1,185 1,268 1,375 1,683 1,869 2,010 1,435 1,560 1,685

Exchange labor 284 316 343 51 55 59 167 183 198

Depreciation 809 890 979 1,597 1,757 1,933 1,206 1,327 1,460





Other costs 51 54 55 26 27 27

TOTAL COSTS 36,208 41,217 41,019 34,547 38,389 39,733 35,373 39,687 40,373

GROSS RETURNS 34,584 52,026 45,441 40,651 55,411 57,668 37,635 53,849 51,496



NON-CASH COSTS 6,382 20,144 14,027 14,511 26,579 28,060 10,470 23,573 20,979

NET RETURNS -1,624 10,809 4,422 6,104 17,022 17,935 2,262 14,162 11,123

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO -0.04 0.26 0.11 0.18 0.44 0.45 0.06 0.36 0.28





ITEM

50

Table 11A. All Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Eastern Visayas, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 12,927 13,671 14,123 14,506 15,574 16,061 13,623 14,523 14,996

Seeds 530 597 585 368 393 389 459 505 498

Fertilizer 1,775 1,702 1,681 2,291 2,216 2,180 2,003 1,936 1,909

Pesticides 489 496 492 441 448 426 467 474 468

Hired labor 7,369 7,885 8,293 8,556 9,461 9,977 7,893 8,588 9,044

Land tax 35 35 35 108 109 110 67 68 69

Rentals 211 226 238 217 239 252 214 233 245

Fuel & Oil 313 329 324 329 348 341 320 337 331



Irrigation fee 71 80 78 68 73 72 70 77 76



Food expense 1,255 1,386 1,440 1,147 1,245 1,261 1,208 1,323 1,357

Repairs 645 688 702 670 714 720 656 699 709

NON-CASH COSTS 7,750 11,116 11,050 10,181 13,698 13,973 8,821 12,294 12,381

Seeds 581 654 641 811 865 856 682 750 739


Pesticides 1 1 1 a/ 0 0



Threshers' share 1,223 2,156 2,150 1,808 2,972 3,048 1,481 2,533 2,560



Rentals 208 234 231 356 384 387 273 300 299

Interest payment on crop loan 91 100 110 837 921 1,013 420 462 508

Irrigation fee 16 18 18 56 60 59 34 37 36

IMPUTED COSTS 7,076 7,709 8,050 8,103 8,980 9,342 7,529 8,296 8,649

Seeds 132 149 146 33 35 35 89 98 97

Fertilizer 81 69 68 34 33 33 60 53 53

Operator labor 2,409 2,578 2,711 2,769 3,062 3,229 2,568 2,794 2,942

Family labor 2,390 2,557 2,689 2,068 2,287 2,412 2,248 2,446 2,576

Exchange labor 148 158 166 203 224 236 172 187 197

Depreciation 576 634 697 453 498 548 522 574 631



TOTAL COSTS 27,753 32,496 33,223 32,790 38,252 39,376 29,973 35,113 36,026

GROSS RETURNS 32,808 57,832 57,669 36,663 60,273 61,822 34,507 59,024 59,664



NON-CASH COSTS 12,132 33,045 32,496 11,976 31,001 31,788 12,063 32,207 32,287

NET RETURNS 5,055 25,336 24,446 3,874 22,021 22,446 4,534 23,911 23,638







ITEM

51

Table 11B. Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Eastern Visayas, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 19,376 20,209 20,800 20,674 21,961 22,573 20,107 21,178 21,795

Seeds 503 527 516 690 685 678 608 617 608

Fertilizer 4,505 4,334 4,266 4,535 4,381 4,298 4,522 4,373 4,297

Pesticides 976 990 983 667 678 645 802 813 803

Hired labor 10,844 11,603 12,203 11,676 12,911 13,615 11,313 12,309 12,963

Land tax 18 18 18 168 170 172 102 103 104

Rentals 81 87 91 1 1 1 36 39 41

Fuel & Oil 113 119 117 189 200 196 156 164 161



Irrigation fee 284 298 292 167 166 164 218 221 218



Food expense 1,139 1,258 1,307 1,263 1,371 1,388 1,209 1,324 1,358

Repairs 453 483 493 907 966 974 709 756 767

NON-CASH COSTS 9,525 11,911 11,890 12,506 15,108 15,439 11,203 13,767 13,937

Seeds 335 351 344 359 357 353 348 353 348

Fertilizer 23 22 22 10 10 10



Threshers' share 1,874 2,869 2,869 2,073 2,921 2,965 1,986 2,912 2,936



Rentals 465 489 483 310 308 305 378 385 381

Interest payment on crop loan 362 398 438 1,910 2,101 2,311 1,234 1,357 1,493

Irrigation fee 65 68 67 138 137 136 106 108 106

IMPUTED COSTS 8,380 9,177 9,551 9,807 10,708 11,086 9,184 10,048 10,419

Seeds 303 318 312 81 80 79 178 181 178

Fertilizer 28 27 27 84 82 81 59 58 57

Operator labor 3,424 3,664 3,853 3,242 3,585 3,780 3,322 3,614 3,806

Family labor 1,964 2,101 2,210 1,813 2,005 2,114 1,879 2,044 2,153

Exchange labor 584 625 657 421 466 491 492 535 563

Depreciation 287 316 348 377 415 457 338 372 409



TOTAL COSTS 37,282 41,297 42,241 42,987 47,777 49,098 40,493 44,993 46,151

GROSS RETURNS 47,585 72,845 72,851 50,510 71,179 72,254 49,231 72,182 72,779



NON-CASH COSTS 18,683 40,725 40,161 17,330 34,110 34,242 17,922 37,237 37,047

NET RETURNS 10,303 31,548 30,610 7,523 23,402 23,156 8,738 27,189 26,628






ITEM

52

Table 11C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Eastern Visayas, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 10,773 11,346 11,743 10,235 11,204 11,614 10,567 11,319 11,720

Seeds 539 631 618 145 169 167 388 455 448

Fertilizer 863 851 846 736 648 646 814 773 769

Pesticides 326 331 329 283 287 273 310 314 310

Hired labor 6,209 6,469 6,803 6,396 7,222 7,616 6,281 6,786 7,146

Land tax 41 41 41 67 68 69 51 52 53

Rentals 254 272 286 369 409 430 298 325 342

Fuel & Oil 380 399 393 426 451 441 397 419 411




Food expense 1,294 1,429 1,485 1,066 1,157 1,172 1,207 1,322 1,356

Repairs 710 757 773 506 539 544 631 673 683

NON-CASH COSTS 7,157 10,006 9,934 8,571 12,972 13,050 7,699 11,204 11,175

Seeds 663 776 760 1,123 1,306 1,292 839 984 970





Threshers' share 1,005 1,623 1,619 1,625 3,068 3,108 1,243 2,159 2,162



Rentals 122 143 140 387 440 447 223 256 257


IMPUTED COSTS 6,641 7,222 7,553 6,922 7,756 8,107 6,749 7,452 7,794

Seeds 75 88 86 46 54 53

Fertilizer 98 84 84 60 51 51

Operator labor 2,071 2,216 2,331 2,441 2,699 2,846 2,212 2,407 2,535

Family labor 2,532 2,709 2,849 2,245 2,483 2,618 2,422 2,635 2,775

Exchange labor 3 3 3 51 56 59 22 24 25

Depreciation 673 740 814 506 557 613 609 670 737


Rental value of owned land 734 859 841 1,246 1,449 1,434 930 1,090 1,074

TOTAL COSTS 24,571 28,574 29,230 25,728 31,932 32,771 25,015 29,975 30,689

GROSS RETURNS 27,874 45,023 44,908 27,075 51,116 51,784 27,568 47,889 47,955



NON-CASH COSTS 9,944 23,671 23,231 8,268 26,940 27,120 9,302 25,366 25,060

NET RETURNS 3,303 16,449 15,678 1,346 19,184 19,013 2,553 17,914 17,266






ITEM

53

Table 12A. All Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Zamboanga Peninsula, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 20,480 21,308 21,788 20,958 21,634 21,950 20,739 21,494 21,844

Seeds 621 735 677 780 863 810 707 807 750

Fertilizer 4,216 4,021 3,836 4,624 4,710 4,399 4,436 4,370 4,124

Pesticides 1,614 1,718 1,734 2,000 2,055 2,089 1,823 1,917 1,895

Hired labor 9,456 9,793 10,404 8,671 8,850 9,413 9,030 9,282 9,867

Land tax 176 178 180 200 202 204 189 191 193



Rentals 230 255 251 197 203 212 212 226 229

Fuel and Oil 496 525 521 598 597 597 551 566 564



Irrigation fee 393 465 428 477 528 495 439 501 466


Food expense 597 641 663 652 705 709 627 676 689

Repairs 1,543 1,764 1,810 1,835 1,947 1,996 1,701 1,873 1,921


NON-CASH COSTS 11,926 13,891 13,074 12,164 13,493 12,979 12,055 13,676 12,977

Seeds 577 683 629 884 978 917 743 848 788

Fertilizer 89 85 81 62 64 60 74 72 68

Pesticides 4 4 4 7 7 7 6 6 6



Threshers' share 1,292 1,584 1,428 1,543 1,774 1,699 1,428 1,693 1,580



Rentals 603 704 658 1,074 1,171 1,124 858 964 915


Irrigation fee 55 65 60 25 29 27


IMPUTED COSTS 8,584 9,886 9,717 10,654 11,813 11,674 9,706 10,965 10,795

Seeds 269 318 293 174 192 180 217 248 231

Fertilizer 131 125 119 19 19 18 70 69 65

Pesticides 48 51 52 7 12 12 26 31 31

Operator labor 1,239 1,283 1,363 1,741 1,777 1,890 1,511 1,553 1,651

Family labor 722 748 795 932 951 1,011 836 859 913

Exchange labor 47 49 52 66 67 71 57 59 63

Depreciation 955 1,051 1,156 855 941 1,035 901 991 1,090





TOTAL COSTS 40,990 45,085 44,579 43,776 46,940 46,603 42,500 46,135 45,616

GROSS RETURNS 64,078 78,547 70,812 68,658 78,954 75,629 66,560 78,929 73,682



CASH COSTS 31,672 43,348 35,950 35,535 43,827 40,700 33,766 43,759 38,861

NET RETURNS 23,088 33,462 26,233 24,882 32,014 29,026 24,060 32,794 28,066






ITEM

54

Table 12B. Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Zamboanga Peninsula, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 23,316 24,223 24,746 22,549 23,346 23,720 22,897 23,746 24,149

Seeds 646 758 698 722 806 756 688 786 731

Fertilizer 4,681 4,458 4,247 4,650 4,726 4,407 4,664 4,588 4,325

Pesticides 1,678 1,705 1,721 1,708 1,808 1,838 1,695 1,764 1,744

Hired labor 10,470 10,843 11,520 9,683 9,882 10,510 10,040 10,320 10,970

Land tax 234 236 238 243 245 247 239 241 243



Rentals 379 421 413 195 199 212 279 297 301

Fuel and Oil 535 566 562 683 682 682 616 633 631



Irrigation fee 697 818 754 831 927 870 770 880 818


Food expense 692 743 768 593 641 645 638 688 702

Repairs 1,971 2,254 2,313 2,218 2,353 2,412 2,106 2,318 2,378

Others a/ 6 6 6 3 3 3

NON-CASH COSTS 12,768 14,568 13,858 13,052 14,453 13,900 12,923 14,543 13,876

Seeds 494 580 534 846 944 886 686 784 729

Fertilizer 114 109 104 108 110 102 110 108 102

Pesticides 7 7 7 12 12 12 10 10 10



Threshers' share 959 1,164 1,033 1,332 1,509 1,464 1,163 1,360 1,266



Rentals 718 838 777 1,154 1,273 1,214 956 1,082 1,019


Irrigation fee 97 114 105 44 50 46


IMPUTED COSTS 8,797 10,046 9,895 11,714 13,046 12,802 10,391 11,737 11,506

Seeds 196 230 212 178 199 187 186 213 198

Fertilizer 233 222 212 33 34 32 123 121 114

Pesticides 83 88 89 12 12 12 44 47 47

Operator labor 1,264 1,309 1,391 1,526 1,557 1,656 1,407 1,446 1,537

Family labor 832 862 916 1,074 1,096 1,166 964 991 1,053

Exchange labor 69 71 75 36 37 39 51 52 55

Depreciation 906 997 1,097 740 814 895 815 897 987

Interest on operating capital 1,001 1,323 1,348 961 1,314 1,326 979 1,317 1,330


TOTAL COSTS 44,882 48,837 48,499 47,315 50,845 50,422 46,211 50,026 49,531

GROSS RETURNS 72,546 88,060 78,116 77,324 87,578 84,955 75,157 87,906 81,862



CASH COSTS 36,462 49,269 39,512 41,723 49,779 47,335 39,337 49,617 43,837

NET RETURNS 27,664 39,223 29,617 30,009 36,733 34,533 28,946 37,880 32,331






ITEM

55

Table 12C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Zamboanga Peninsula, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 16,810 17,417 17,843 18,812 19,396 19,633 17,883 18,493 18,775

Seeds 588 707 651 859 935 877 733 836 777

Fertilizer 3,615 3,452 3,301 4,587 4,686 4,384 4,137 4,088 3,867

Pesticides 1,532 1,631 1,645 2,392 2,458 2,500 1,993 2,095 2,071

Hired labor 8,143 8,433 8,959 7,304 7,454 7,928 7,693 7,908 8,406

Land tax 101 102 103 143 144 145 124 125 126


Rentals 38 39 41 198 207 210 124 131 133

Fuel and Oil 445 471 468 483 482 482 466 479 477




Food expense 474 509 526 732 792 796 612 660 673

Repairs 988 1,130 1,159 1,319 1,399 1,434 1,165 1,283 1,316

Others a/ 5 5 5 3 3 3

NON-CASH COSTS 10,837 12,796 11,893 10,966 12,407 11,950 10,906 12,607 11,970

Seeds 684 822 757 935 1,017 954 818 933 867

Fertilizer 56 56 54 26 25 24



Threshers' share 1,722 2,044 1,873 1,826 2,192 2,082 1,778 2,144 2,014



Rentals 453 527 501 966 1,033 1,003 728 809 778

IMPUTED COSTS 8,308 9,691 9,497 9,223 10,163 10,167 8,798 9,941 9,848

Seeds 363 436 402 168 183 172 259 295 274

Pesticides 4 4 4 a/ 0 0 2 2 2

Operator labor 1,206 1,249 1,327 2,032 2,074 2,206 1,649 1,695 1,802

Family labor 579 600 637 741 756 804 666 685 728

Exchange labor 18 19 20 107 109 116 66 68 72

Depreciation 1,017 1,119 1,231 1,011 1,112 1,223 1,014 1,115 1,227





TOTAL COSTS 35,955 39,904 39,233 39,001 41,966 41,750 37,587 41,041 40,593

GROSS RETURNS 53,122 63,067 57,793 56,964 68,373 64,939 55,181 66,542 62,495



NON-CASH COSTS 25,475 32,854 28,05727,186 36,570 33,356 26,392 35,442 31,750

NET RETURNS 17,167 23,163 18,560 17,963 26,407 23,189 17,594 25,501 21,902







ITEM

56

Table 13A. All Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Northern Mindanao, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 26,247 27,770 28,404 19,942 20,561 21,167 23,172 24,233 24,808

Seeds 1,337 1,537 1,496 910 939 942 1,129 1,230 1,215

Fertilizer 6,476 5,815 5,551 5,897 5,385 5,163 6,193 5,599 5,356

Pesticides 1,723 1,948 2,002 1,246 1,429 1,586 1,490 1,716 1,764

Hired labor 9,593 10,749 11,468 8,034 8,754 9,355 8,832 9,777 10,440

Land tax 139 140 141 172 174 176 155 157 159



Rentals 1,087 1,235 1,299 15 17 18 564 634 669

Fuel & Oil 533 569 560 489 511 523 511 540 542



Irrigation fee 1,222 1,405 1,368 709 731 733 972 1,059 1,046



Food expense 844 904 925 908 963 966 875 933 946

Repairs 1,446 1,479 1,518 529 549 552 999 1,029 1,045

NON-CASH COSTS 10,298 12,774 12,503 12,369 14,284 14,597 11,308 13,555 13,562

Seeds 454 522 508 890 918 921 667 726 717

Fertilizer 30 27 26 15 14 13

Pesticides 21 23 26 10 8 8



Threshers' share 1,886 2,523 2,409 2,463 3,083 3,143 2,167 2,812 2,781




Rentals 1,198 1,372 1,370 503 520 523 859 942 946


Irrigation fee 234 269 262 122 126 126 179 195 193

IMPUTED COSTS 9,701 12,805 13,118 8,351 10,192 10,559 9,042 11,497 11,838

Seeds 55 63 61 101 104 104 77 84 83

Fertilizer 46 38 37 153 163 157 99 100 96


Operator labor 1,542 2,480 2,646 1,749 2,531 2,705 1,643 2,505 2,674

Family labor 1,220 2,131 2,274 663 1,038 1,109 949 1,597 1,706

Exchange labor 11 22 23 268 396 423 136 203 217

Depreciation 1,087 1,196 1,316 447 492 541 775 853 938

Interest on operating capital 1,096 1,538 1,566 922 1,290 1,328 1,011 1,418 1,445



TOTAL COSTS 46,246 53,349 54,025 40,662 45,037 46,323 43,523 49,285 50,208

GROSS RETURNS 64,398 86,147 82,247 69,847 87,430 89,120 67,055 87,025 86,080



CASH COSTS 27,853 45,603 41,340 37,536 52,585 53,356 32,575 49,237 47,710

NET RETURNS 18,152 32,798 28,222 29,185 42,393 42,797 23,533 37,740 35,872






ITEM

57

Table 13B. Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Northern Mindanao, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 26,996 28,222 28,871 23,396 24,112 24,754 25,461 26,412 27,037

Seeds 1,367 1,568 1,526 1,152 1,252 1,220 1,275 1,407 1,390

Fertilizer 6,660 5,975 5,706 6,414 5,963 5,705 6,556 5,963 5,695

Pesticide 1,644 1,589 1,633 1,550 1,538 1,708 1,604 1,571 1,615

Hired labor 9,881 11,014 11,751 9,461 10,234 10,936 9,702 10,684 11,408

Land tax 134 135 136 166 168 170 148 149 150



Rentals 1,066 1,209 1,277 18 20 21 619 698 739

Fuel & Oil 566 604 595 648 677 694 601 635 638



Irrigation fee 1,330 1,526 1,485 988 1,074 1,047 1,184 1,307 1,291



Food expense 886 949 971 1,098 1,165 1,169 976 1,040 1,054

Repairs 1,527 1,562 1,603 665 691 695 1,159 1,194 1,213

NON-CASH COSTS 10,860 13,183 12,906 14,688 17,172 17,155 12,492 14,792 14,819

Seeds 421 483 470 755 821 800 564 623 615

Fertilizer 33 30 29 19 18 17

Pesticides 28 29 33 12 16 16



Threshers' share 1,946 2,542 2,426 3,113 3,881 3,853 2,444 3,104 3,075


Caretaker/overseers wages 897 1,016 1,084 1,146 1,293 1,382 1,003 1,134 1,211


Rentals 1,304 1,491 1,489 702 763 745 1,047 1,161 1,166


Irrigation fee 254 291 283 170 185 180 218 241 238

IMPUTED COSTS 9,454 10,989 11,193 9,178 10,380 10,554 9,336 10,645 10,905

Seeds 54 62 60 112 122 119 79 87 86

Fertilizer 51 46 44 174 167 160 104 97 93


Operator labor 1,459 1,653 1,764 1,594 1,799 1,922 1,517 1,715 1,831

Family labor 1,079 1,222 1,304 691 780 834 913 1,032 1,102

Exchange labor 12 14 15 373 421 450 166 188 201

Depreciation 1,132 1,245 1,370 578 636 700 896 986 1,085




TOTAL COSTS 47,311 52,394 52,970 47,262 51,664 52,463 47,290 51,849 52,761

GROSS RETURNS 67,301 87,924 83,918 75,869 94,590 93,905 70,954 90,115 89,268



CASH COSTS 29,445 46,519 42,14137,785 53,306 51,996 33,001 48,911 47,412

NET RETURNS 19,990 35,530 30,948 28,607 42,926 41,442 23,664 38,266 36,507






ITEM

58

Table 13C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Northern Mindanao, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 17,788 18,671 19,036 11,187 11,629 11,886 12,718 13,119 13,382

Seeds 997 1,209 1,177 296 279 280 459 456 450

Fertilizer 4,402 3,997 3,802 4,583 4,425 4,276 4,541 4,254 4,101

Pesticides 2,612 2,525 2,595 475 472 524 971 951 977

Hired labor 6,344 7,186 7,667 4,414 4,980 5,322 4,861 5,495 5,868

Land tax 185 187 189 187 189 191 186 188 190


Rentals 1,331 1,571 1,587 8 9 10 315 331 339

Fuel and Oil 160 171 168 84 88 90 101 107 107



Food expense 378 405 415 426 452 454 415 442 448

Repairs 536 548 562 185 192 193 266 274 278

NON-CASH COSTS 3,943 7,525 7,229 6,491 7,134 7,105 5,899 7,137 6,994

Seeds 823 998 971 1,232 1,163 1,167 1,137 1,129 1,115



Threshers' share 1,208 2,528 2,424 813 979 965 905 1,218 1,183

Landowner's share 1,296 1,223 1,227 995 988 976


IMPUTED COSTS 12,484 14,836 15,137 6,253 6,736 6,982 7,699 8,414 8,663

Seeds 63 76 74 72 68 68 70 70 69

Fertilizer 99 96 93 76 71 68

Operator labor 2,482 2,811 2,999 2,142 2,417 2,583 2,221 2,511 2,681

Family labor 2,817 3,191 3,404 594 670 716 1,110 1,255 1,340

Depreciation 588 647 712 115 127 140 225 248 273

Interest on operating capital 823 1,186 1,207 560 832 848 621 905 919



TOTAL COSTS 34,215 41,032 41,402 23,931 25,499 25,973 26,316 28,670 29,039

GROSS RETURNS 31,604 66,127 63,400 54,581 65,751 64,827 49,250 66,302 64,405



CASH COSTS 9,873 39,931 37,13536,903 46,988 45,836 30,633 46,046 44,029

NET RETURNS -2,611 25,095 21,998 30,650 40,252 38,854 22,934 37,632 35,366

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO -0.08 0.61 0.53 1.28 1.58 1.50 0.87 1.31 1.22





ITEM

59

Table 14A. All Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Davao Region, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 23,959 25,927 26,683 19,677 20,203 20,514 21,753 22,906 23,411

Seeds 1,674 1,888 1,827 1,523 1,555 1,477 1,596 1,708 1,637

Fertilizer 5,989 5,371 5,248 5,369 5,111 4,991 5,668 5,237 5,113

Pesticides 2,086 2,009 1,962 2,125 2,028 1,993 2,106 2,069 2,025

Hired labor 7,499 9,238 9,998 6,164 6,790 7,242 6,811 7,932 8,524

Land tax 253 256 259 111 112 113 180 182 184



Rentals 1,071 1,319 1,428 393 427 448 721 836 895

Fuel & Oil 815 882 860 280 294 290 540 576 565



Irrigation fee 1,208 1,362 1,318 448 457 434 816 873 837



Food expense 1,262 1,316 1,384 1,331 1,413 1,439 1,298 1,365 1,413

Repairs 763 779 800 867 887 905 817 835 855

NON-CASH COSTS 15,326 16,685 16,552 19,630 20,199 19,495 17,544 18,525 18,119

Seeds 241 272 263 362 370 351 303 324 311





Threshers' share 4,542 4,798 4,771 5,085 5,230 5,050 4,821 5,010 4,910




Rentals 375 442 453 301 313 306 337 372 374


Irrigation fee 85 96 93 824 841 799 466 499 478

IMPUTED COSTS 13,845 16,183 16,210 16,169 17,112 16,764 15,043 16,689 16,526

Seeds 201 227 220 369 377 358 288 308 295

Fertilizer 107 99 97 167 156 153 138 127 124

Pesticides 18 17 17 1 1 1 9 9 9

Operator labor 1,663 2,049 2,218 1,637 1,803 1,923 1,650 1,922 2,065

Family labor 1,106 1,362 1,474 844 930 992 971 1,131 1,215

Exchange labor 33 41 44 10 11 12 21 24 26

Depreciation 487 536 590 661 727 800 577 635 699



Fuel & Oil 11 12 12 5 5 5

TOTAL COSTS 53,130 58,795 59,445 55,476 57,514 56,773 54,339 58,120 58,056

GROSS RETURNS 77,958 82,350 81,881 85,934 88,382 85,338 82,068 85,290 83,583



CASH COSTS 38,674 39,738 38,64646,627 47,980 45,329 42,772 43,859 42,053

NET RETURNS 24,828 23,555 22,436 30,458 30,868 28,565 27,730 27,170 25,527






ITEM

60

Table 14B. Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Davao Region, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 25,034 26,792 27,564 20,607 20,754 21,082 22,759 23,620 24,139

Seeds 1,759 1,970 1,907 1,633 1,659 1,575 1,694 1,803 1,728

Fertilizer 6,425 5,530 5,407 5,819 5,157 5,037 6,114 5,343 5,218

Pesticides 2,042 1,968 1,922 2,120 2,023 1,988 2,082 2,046 2,002

Hired labor 7,920 9,757 10,560 6,495 7,154 7,630 7,187 8,370 8,994

Land tax 266 269 272 112 113 114 187 189 191



Rentals 754 929 1,005 346 375 391 544 629 671

Fuel & Oil 872 944 920 225 236 233 540 576 565



Irrigation fee 1,388 1,554 1,504 517 525 499 940 1,000 959



Food expense 1,270 1,325 1,393 1,347 1,430 1,456 1,309 1,377 1,425

Repairs 869 887 911 841 860 877 854 873 894

NON-CASH COSTS 15,734 17,185 17,016 19,651 20,492 19,726 17,748 18,914 18,460

Seeds 156 175 169 293 298 283 227 242 232




Threshers' share 4,706 5,009 4,960 5,324 5,635 5,438 5,024 5,322 5,205


Caretaker/overseers wages 784 966 1,046 216 238 254 492 573 616


Rentals 409 479 490 337 348 339 372 409 409


Irrigation fee 98 110 106 951 966 917 536 570 546

IMPUTED COSTS 14,382 16,685 16,686 16,890 17,759 17,353 15,671 17,280 17,076

Seeds 231 259 251 390 396 376 313 333 319

Fertilizer 114 102 100 55 51 50


Operator labor 1,614 1,988 2,152 1,614 1,778 1,896 1,614 1,880 2,020

Family labor 1,064 1,311 1,419 804 886 945 930 1,083 1,164

Exchange labor 25 31 34 12 13 14 18 21 23

Depreciation 476 524 576 570 627 690 524 576 634

Interest on operating capital 1,040 1,478 1,514 921 1,281 1,298 978 1,380 1,404


Fuel & Oil 8 8 8 4 4 4

TOTAL COSTS 55,150 60,662 61,266 57,148 59,005 58,161 56,178 59,814 59,675

GROSS RETURNS 80,841 86,044 85,213 87,476 92,586 89,348 84,251 89,246 87,281



CASH COSTS 40,072 42,067 40,63347,217 51,340 48,540 43,745 46,712 44,682

NET RETURNS 25,690 25,382 23,947 30,327 33,581 31,187 28,074 29,432 27,606






ITEM

61

Table 14C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Davao Region, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 16,741 18,093 18,774 13,667 15,035 15,348 15,131 16,454 16,928

Seeds 1,106 1,332 1,289 814 864 820 953 1,066 1,022

Fertilizer 3,047 2,672 2,613 2,458 2,311 2,248 2,739 2,484 2,423

Pesticides 2,382 2,295 2,241 2,159 2,061 2,025 2,265 2,225 2,177

Hired labor 4,670 5,417 5,862 4,024 5,375 5,732 4,332 5,404 5,807

Land tax 167 169 171 104 105 106 134 135 136

Rentals 3,198 3,940 4,264 696 767 818 1,888 2,199 2,363

Fuel and Oil 432 468 456 637 669 659 540 576 565




Food expense 1,214 1,266 1,331 1,230 1,306 1,330 1,222 1,285 1,330

Repairs 52 53 54 1,035 1,058 1,079 567 580 594

NON-CASH COSTS 12,583 13,764 13,184 19,491 18,286 16,965 16,200 16,159 15,237

Seeds 813 979 948 804 853 810 808 904 867

Fertilizer 110 77 75 58 41 40


Threshers' share 3,439 3,566 3,381 3,539 2,857 2,403 3,492 3,150 2,826


Caretaker/overseers wages 1,390 1,531 1,633 728 848 911

Rentals 144 177 192 66 73 78 103 120 129

Interest payment on crop loan 75 83 91 1,595 1,755 1,931 871 958 1,054

IMPUTED COSTS 10,242 12,496 12,714 11,508 12,481 12,514 10,905 12,400 12,520

Seeds 232 246 234 122 136 130

Fertilizer 64 56 55 1,243 1,169 1,137 681 618 602

Pesticides 10 10 10 5 5 5 7 7 7

Operator labor 1,996 2,459 2,661 1,789 1,971 2,102 1,888 2,199 2,363

Family labor 1,385 1,706 1,846 1,103 1,215 1,296 1,238 1,442 1,550

Exchange labor 85 105 114 41 48 52

Depreciation 563 619 681 1,246 1,371 1,508 920 1,012 1,113



Fuel and Oil 26 27 27 14 15 15

TOTAL COSTS 39,565 44,353 44,672 44,666 45,802 44,827 42,236 45,013 44,685

GROSS RETURNS 58,606 60,766 57,620 75,972 61,334 51,594 67,700 61,070 54,790



NON-CASH COSTS 29,282 28,909 25,66242,814 28,013 19,281 36,368 28,457 22,625

NET RETURNS 19,041 16,413 12,948 31,306 15,532 6,767 25,463 16,057 10,105






ITEM

62

Table 15A. All Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, SOCCSKSARGEN, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 14,869 15,242 15,291 15,426 15,993 16,083 15,141 15,564 15,612

Seeds 1,253 1,565 1,433 1,856 1,917 1,869 1,548 1,739 1,643

Fertilizer 4,087 3,571 3,372 4,002 3,674 3,462 4,046 3,622 3,417

Pesticides 1,710 1,633 1,708 1,968 2,042 2,031 1,836 1,820 1,828

Hired labor 3,870 4,168 4,502 4,265 4,833 5,186 4,063 4,488 4,832

Land tax 185 187 189 133 134 135 160 162 164



Rentals 57 61 66 10 11 12 34 37 40

Fuel and Oil 374 414 413 410 454 439 392 433 425



Irrigation fee 876 1,094 1,002 649 670 653 765 860 813



Food expense 672 720 743 754 805 809 712 762 776

Repairs 1,297 1,320 1,341 692 712 718 1,001 1,024 1,036

NON-CASH COSTS 13,456 18,249 16,498 17,667 17,570 17,086 15,515 17,711 16,649

Seeds 546 682 625 513 530 517 530 596 563

Fertilizer 47 41 39 24 21 20



Threshers' share 3,755 5,487 4,826 5,096 4,815 4,543 4,411 5,111 4,664


Caretaker/overseers wages 405 436 471 1,285 1,456 1,562 835 922 993

Rentals 1,046 1,245 1,204 519 563 578 788 879 877

Irrigation fee 94 117 107 41 42 41 68 76 72

IMPUTED COSTS 11,298 13,494 13,168 9,747 10,705 10,873 10,539 11,954 11,914

Seeds 333 416 381 167 173 169 252 283 267

Fertilizer 77 63 60 10 8 7 44 36 34

Pesticides 59 56 58 20 21 21 39 39 39

Operator labor 1,537 1,656 1,789 2,003 2,270 2,436 1,765 1,950 2,099

Family labor 2,035 2,192 2,368 1,043 1,182 1,268 1,550 1,712 1,843

Exchange labor 15 16 17 205 232 249 108 119 128

Depreciation 429 472 519 354 389 428 392 431 474

Interest on operating capital 626 893 898 693 1,005 1,007 659 946 947


TOTAL COSTS 39,623 46,985 44,957 42,840 44,268 44,042 41,195 45,229 44,175

GROSS RETURNS 52,633 76,914 67,656 80,750 76,299 71,999 66,378 76,910 70,186



CASH COSTS 24,308 43,423 35,86747,657 42,736 38,830 35,722 43,635 37,925

NET RETURNS 13,011 29,929 22,699 37,910 32,031 27,957 25,183 31,681 26,011






ITEM

63

Table 15B. Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, SOCCSKSARGEN, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 15,828 16,280 16,334 16,838 17,516 17,663 16,302 16,819 16,900

Seeds 1,161 1,459 1,336 1,786 1,845 1,799 1,454 1,643 1,552

Fertilizer 4,333 3,803 3,591 4,217 3,876 3,654 4,279 3,844 3,628

Pesticide 1,666 1,591 1,663 1,984 2,059 2,047 1,815 1,799 1,807

Hired labor 4,272 4,601 4,970 4,994 5,659 6,073 4,610 5,092 5,482

Land tax 199 201 203 149 150 152 175 177 179



Rentals 60 65 70 11 12 13 38 42 45

Fuel and Oil 374 414 413 402 445 430 387 428 420



Irrigation fee 1,119 1,406 1,287 898 928 905 1,016 1,148 1,085



Food expense 629 673 694 748 799 803 685 733 747

Repairs 1,509 1,536 1,560 867 892 899 1,208 1,236 1,251

NON-CASH COSTS 14,098 19,061 17,217 17,863 18,041 17,532 15,863 18,335 17,213

Seeds 506 636 582 545 563 549 524 592 559

Fertilizer 60 53 50 32 29 27



Threshers' share 4,048 5,820 5,145 5,202 5,054 4,767 4,589 5,407 4,944


Caretaker/overseers wages 419 451 487 1,444 1,636 1,756 899 993 1,069

Rentals 506 606 584 309 337 347 414 464 463

Irrigation fee 120 151 138 56 58 57 90 102 96

IMPUTED COSTS 12,017 14,409 14,037 9,843 10,776 10,902 10,998 12,519 12,438

Seeds 411 516 473 183 189 184 304 344 325

Fertilizer 98 83 78 13 11 10 58 49 46

Pesticides 75 72 75 28 29 29 53 53 53

Operator labor 1,403 1,511 1,632 1,702 1,929 2,070 1,543 1,704 1,835

Family labor 2,245 2,418 2,612 954 1,081 1,160 1,640 1,812 1,951

Exchange labor 15 16 17 160 181 194 83 92 99

Depreciation 483 531 584 388 427 470 439 483 531

Interest on operating capital 655 932 938 744 1,071 1,075 697 997 999


TOTAL COSTS 41,943 49,750 47,588 44,545 46,333 46,097 43,163 47,673 46,551

GROSS RETURNS 56,049 80,581 71,235 84,788 82,382 77,706 69,523 81,915 74,896



CASH COSTS 26,122 45,240 37,68450,087 46,825 42,511

37,358 46,761 40,783

NET RETURNS 14,106 30,831 23,647 40,243 36,049 31,609 26,360 34,242 28,345






ITEM

64

Table 15C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, SOCCSKSARGEN, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 11,418 11,509 11,536 11,757 12,045 11,979 11,602 11,757 11,708

Seeds 1,584 1,923 1,761 2,039 2,106 2,053 1,834 2,015 1,904

Fertilizer 3,201 2,724 2,577 3,446 3,150 2,957 3,334 2,946 2,777

Pesticides 1,869 1,785 1,866 1,926 1,999 1,988 1,900 1,884 1,892

Hired labor 2,427 2,614 2,824 2,369 2,685 2,881 2,395 2,646 2,849

Land tax 135 136 137 92 93 94 112 113 114

Rentals 42 45 49 9 10 11 24 27 29

Fuel and Oil 376 416 415 433 479 463 407 450 442




Food expense 830 889 917 769 822 826 796 852 868

Repairs 534 543 552 237 244 246 370 379 383

NON-CASH COSTS 11,148 14,887 13,309 17,156 16,129 15,629 14,451 15,617 14,628

Seeds 693 841 770 429 443 432 548 602 569



Threshers' share 2,702 4,072 3,391 4,822 4,081 3,807 3,867 4,114 3,667

Landowner's share 722 876 802 4,166 4,303 4,195 2,616 2,875 2,716

Caretaker/overseers wages 356 383 414 872 988 1,060 640 707 761

Rentals 2,988 3,482 3,377 1,067 1,155 1,184 1,932 2,127 2,121

IMPUTED COSTS 8,712 10,212 10,051 9,495 10,519 10,794 9,142 10,266 10,347

Seeds 50 61 56 126 130 127 92 101 95

Operator labor 2,019 2,175 2,349 2,784 3,155 3,386 2,440 2,695 2,901

Family labor 1,281 1,380 1,491 1,277 1,447 1,553 1,279 1,413 1,521

Exchange labor 14 15 16 321 364 391 183 202 217

Depreciation 232 255 281 264 290 319 250 275 303



TOTAL COSTS 31,277 36,608 34,896 38,408 38,693 38,402 35,198 37,640 36,683

GROSS RETURNS 40,349 60,801 50,628 70,255 59,460 55,473 56,792 60,429 53,859



NON-CASH COSTS 17,784 34,405 25,78341,342 31,286 27,865 30,737 33,055 27,523

NET RETURNS 9,072 24,193 15,732 31,847 20,767 17,071 21,594 22,789 17,176






ITEM

65

Table 16A. All Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Caraga, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 15,800 17,345 17,877 17,363 17,897 18,091 16,472 17,452 17,837

Seeds 1,150 1,384 1,233 1,244 1,387 1,306 1,190 1,385 1,269

Fertilizer 3,204 2,650 2,620 3,333 2,797 2,772 3,259 2,711 2,684

Pesticides 1,420 1,318 1,293 1,768 1,850 1,572 1,569 1,542 1,418

Hired labor 5,999 7,536 8,182 5,440 5,937 6,449 5,759 6,732 7,311

Land tax 96 97 98 136 137 138 113 114 115


Rentals 621 777 828 828 913 932 710 829 862

Fuel & Oil 379 416 378 840 848 790 577 607 559



Irrigation fee 164 197 176 316 352 331 229 266 244



Food expense 1,245 1,338 1,403 1,153 1,227 1,262 1,205 1,288 1,338

Repairs 560 591 606 985 1,039 1,053 743 784 799

Others a/ 3 3 3 2 2 2

NON-CASH COSTS 12,487 15,969 14,000 14,916 16,721 15,462 13,531 16,349 14,752

Seeds 367 442 394 806 899 846 556 647 593

Fertilizer 11 10 10 14 11 11 12 10 10




Threshers' share 3,612 4,913 4,078 4,389 4,964 4,409 3,946 4,953 4,270



Rentals 1,569 1,900 1,749 286 316 316 1,018 1,186 1,123


Irrigation fee 265 319 284 372 415 391 311 362 332


IMPUTED COSTS 5,524 6,853 7,175 6,636 7,451 7,778 6,002 7,074 7,395

Seeds 158 190 169 87 97 91 128 149 137

Fertilizer 29 23 23 76 69 68 49 42 42

Pesticides 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

Operator labor 1,787 2,245 2,437 2,136 2,331 2,532 1,937 2,264 2,459

Family labor 1,316 1,653 1,795 1,346 1,469 1,596 1,329 1,554 1,688

Exchange labor 99 124 135 93 102 111 97 113 123

Depreciation 626 689 758 804 884 972 703 773 850



Fuel & Oil a/ 0 0 a/ 0 0



TOTAL COSTS 33,811 40,167 39,052 38,915 42,069 41,331 36,005 40,875 39,984

GROSS RETURNS 47,596 64,737 53,729 53,733 60,776 53,983 50,234 63,058 54,365



NON-CASH COSTS 19,309 31,423 21,85221,454 26,158 20,430 20,231 29,257 21,776

NET RETURNS 13,785 24,570 14,677 14,818 18,707 12,652 14,229 22,183 14,381







ITEM

66

Table 16B. Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Caraga, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 18,300 20,217 20,888 20,054 20,986 21,304 19,172 20,525 21,018

Seeds 1,151 1,369 1,220 1,399 1,529 1,440 1,274 1,449 1,328

Fertilizer 4,460 3,918 3,873 4,146 3,850 3,812 4,303 3,879 3,840

Pesticide 1,311 1,217 1,194 1,466 1,534 1,304 1,388 1,364 1,254

Hired labor 7,443 9,350 10,151 6,256 6,828 7,417 6,853 8,011 8,700

Land tax 72 73 74 123 124 125 97 98 99


Rentals 443 554 591 1,150 1,257 1,245 795 917 919

Fuel and Oil 333 365 332 664 670 624 498 524 482


Interest payment on crop loan 466 513 564 1,049 1,154 1,269 756 832 915

Irrigation fee 455 541 482 666 728 685 560 637 584



Food expense 1,131 1,215 1,274 1,206 1,283 1,320 1,169 1,250 1,299

Repairs 437 461 472 1,235 1,303 1,320 834 880 896

NON-CASH COSTS 14,620 18,636 16,532 16,864 18,619 17,395 15,736 18,682 17,031

Seeds 432 514 458 523 572 539 477 543 498

Fertilizer 31 27 27 30 28 28 30 28 28




Threshers' share 3,990 5,555 4,710 4,808 5,377 4,881 4,397 5,482 4,826



Rentals 3,529 4,219 3,846 278 304 298 1,914 2,184 2,043


Irrigation fee 732 870 775 786 859 809 758 862 790


IMPUTED COSTS 5,508 6,863 7,232 5,788 6,542 6,901 5,647 6,682 7,047

Seeds 115 137 122 74 81 76 95 108 99

Fertilizer 72 60 60 52 46 45 61 52 52

Pesticides 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 3

Operator labor 2,166 2,721 2,954 1,990 2,172 2,359 2,078 2,429 2,638

Family labor 1,087 1,365 1,482 1,318 1,438 1,562 1,202 1,405 1,526

Exchange labor 33 41 45 45 49 53 39 46 50

Depreciation 543 597 657 806 887 976 674 741 815


Rental value of owned land 559 665 593 721 788 742 640 728 667

Fuel and Oil a/ 0 0 a/ 0 0


TOTAL COSTS 38,427 45,716 44,652 42,707 46,147 45,600 40,555 45,889 45,096

GROSS RETURNS 50,252 69,964 59,316 58,896 65,871 59,797 54,549 68,010 59,866



NON-CASH COSTS 17,332 31,111 21,89621,977 26,266 21,098 19,641 28,803 21,817

NET RETURNS 11,825 24,248 14,664 16,189 19,724 14,197 13,994 22,121 14,770







ITEM

67

Table 16C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Caraga, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 14,385 20,372 20,840 14,937 20,289 20,034 14,596 20,305 20,504

Seeds 1,149 1,392 1,241 1,104 1,258 1,184 1,132 1,342 1,230

Fertilizer 2,493 2,142 2,121 2,596 2,393 2,372 2,532 2,255 2,233

Pesticides 1,481 1,374 1,348 2,039 2,134 1,814 1,695 1,666 1,531

Hired labor 5,181 6,538 7,099 4,705 4,684 5,088 4,999 5,801 6,300

Land tax 109 110 111 148 149 150 124 125 126

Rentals 722 903 961 538 588 636 652 763 817

Fuel & Oil 406 446 406 998 1,007 938 632 665 612





Food expense 1,309 1,407 1,476 1,105 1,176 1,210 1,231 1,316 1,367

Repairs 630 664 681 760 802 813 680 717 730

Others a/ 5 5 5 3 3 3

NON-CASH COSTS 11,279 14,573 12,636 13,160 14,662 12,911 12,000 14,678 13,008

Seeds 331 401 357 1,061 1,209 1,138 611 724 663




Threshers' share 3,398 4,336 3,500 4,012 4,269 3,435 3,633 4,337 3,590



Rentals 459 563 541 292 325 331 395 466 459



IMPUTED COSTS 5,533 6,880 7,175 7,401 8,432 8,722 6,248 7,438 7,724

Seeds 183 222 198 99 113 106 151 179 164

Fertilizer 4 3 3 99 91 90 40 36 36

Pesticides a/ 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1

Operator labor 1,572 1,975 2,144 2,268 2,475 2,688 1,839 2,150 2,335

Family labor 1,445 1,815 1,971 1,370 1,495 1,624 1,416 1,655 1,797

Exchange labor 137 172 187 137 150 163 137 160 174

Depreciation 673 740 814 803 883 971 723 795 875


Rental value of owned land 915 1,109 988 1,992 2,269 2,136 1,328 1,574 1,442

Fuel & Oil a/ 0 0 a/ 0 0



TOTAL COSTS 31,197 41,825 40,651 35,497 43,383 41,667 32,844 42,421 41,236

GROSS RETURNS 46,092 58,809 47,467 49,079 52,226 42,027 47,236 56,385 46,673



CASH COSTS 20,428 23,864 13,99120,982 17,275 9,082 20,640 21,402 13,161

NET RETURNS 14,895 16,984 6,816 13,582 8,843 360 14,392 13,964 5,437







ITEM

68

Table 17A. All Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, ARMM, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 12,161 12,976 13,257 11,189 11,608 11,709 11,741 12,315 12,492

Seeds 2,047 2,027 1,879 1,774 1,913 1,800 1,929 1,979 1,849

Fertilizer 1,906 1,867 1,843 1,496 1,481 1,478 1,730 1,703 1,689

Pesticides 1,009 1,021 1,013 670 662 579 863 863 806

Hired labor 4,662 5,351 5,717 4,798 4,994 5,265 4,721 5,151 5,466

Land tax 176 178 180 161 163 165 170 172 175

Rentals 823 944 1,009 589 613 646 722 788 836

Fuel & Oil 33 34 32 10 10 9 23 24 23



Irrigation fee 487 525 494 210 215 201


Food expense 189 199 208 354 376 390 260 275 286

Repairs 672 689 697 146 149 150 445 455 459

NON-CASH COSTS 4,626 4,834 4,349 4,820 6,443 5,995 4,710 5,473 5,034

Seeds 105 104 96 71 77 72 90 92 86



Threshers' share 1,218 1,304 1,156 1,813 2,487 2,312 1,475 1,776 1,626

Landowner's share 1,155 1,143 1,059 495 534 502 870 893 834


Rentals 49 49 45 28 29 27

Irrigation fee 192 190 176 109 112 105

IMPUTED COSTS 9,984 11,313 11,865 10,531 11,169 11,471 10,220 11,132 11,555

Operator labor 2,306 2,647 2,828 2,426 2,525 2,662 2,358 2,573 2,730

Family labor 5,155 5,916 6,321 4,263 4,437 4,677 4,770 5,204 5,522

Exchange labor 260 298 318 553 576 607 387 422 448

Depreciation 279 307 338 362 398 438 315 347 382




TOTAL COSTS 26,771 29,123 29,471 26,540 29,220 29,175 26,671 28,920 29,081

GROSS RETURNS 38,868 41,605 36,882 36,439 49,987 46,465 37,820 45,545 41,699



CASH COSTS 22,081 23,795 19,27620,430 31,936 28,761 21,369 27,757 24,173

NET RETURNS 12,097 12,482 7,411 9,899 20,767 17,290 11,149 16,625 12,618






ITEM

69

Table 17B. Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, ARMM, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

CASH COSTS 14,216 15,399 15,944 18,257 19,137 19,385 15,820 16,736 17,135

Seeds 1,037 1,034 958 1,785 2,050 1,929 1,334 1,408 1,315

Fertilizer 2,158 2,087 2,051 2,176 2,123 2,132 2,165 2,112 2,089

Pesticides 988 1,000 993 1,193 1,177 1,030 1,069 1,068 998

Hired labor 6,449 7,402 7,908 8,360 8,702 9,174 7,208 7,864 8,345

Land tax 95 96 97 139 140 141 112 113 114

Rentals 1,543 1,771 1,892 1,719 1,789 1,886 1,613 1,760 1,868

Fuel and Oil 54 56 53 30 30 28 44 45 42


Irrigation fee 1,422 1,633 1,536 565 596 557


Food expense 376 396 414 687 730 757 499 528 550

Repairs 779 799 808 147 150 151 528 540 545

NON-CASH COSTS 6,246 6,882 6,421 6,233 7,936 7,278 6,241 7,334 6,794

Seeds 187 186 172 113 119 111


Threshers' share 1,567 1,885 1,763 2,000 2,622 2,388 1,739 2,178 2,006



Irrigation fee 486 485 450 293 309 289

IMPUTED COSTS 8,155 9,353 9,878 6,851 7,325 7,711 7,637 8,445 8,892

Operator labor 2,277 2,613 2,792 2,977 3,099 3,267 2,555 2,788 2,959

Family labor 4,304 4,940 5,278 1,943 2,022 2,132 3,366 3,672 3,897

Exchange labor 27 31 33 356 371 391 158 172 183

Depreciation 241 265 292 667 734 807 410 451 496


Rental value of owned land 654 652 604 394 416 389


TOTAL COSTS 28,616 31,634 32,243 31,341 34,398 34,374 29,698 32,515 32,821

GROSS RETURNS 47,790 57,501 53,791 45,325 59,423 54,123 46,811 58,623 53,983



NON-CASH COSTS 27,329 35,220 31,42620,835 32,350 27,460 24,751 34,553 30,054

NET RETURNS 19,174 25,867 21,548 13,984 25,025 19,749 17,113 26,108 21,162






ITEM

70

Table 17C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, ARMM, 2013-2015


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015


CASH COSTS 10,821 11,339 11,448 7,504 7,690 7,719 9,323 9,645 9,693

Seeds 2,705 2,659 2,465 1,768 1,814 1,707 2,282 2,286 2,136

Fertilizer 1,742 1,686 1,668 1,142 1,129 1,123 1,471 1,439 1,430

Pesticides 1,022 1,034 1,026 398 393 344 740 740 692

Hired labor 3,497 4,014 4,289 2,941 3,061 3,227 3,246 3,541 3,758

Land tax 229 231 233 173 175 179 204 206 210

Rentals 353 405 433 194 212 225

Fuel & Oil 19 20 19 10 10 9




Food expense 67 70 73 181 192 199 118 125 130

Repairs 601 616 623 145 148 149 395 404 408

NON-CASH COSTS 3,571 3,983 3,327 4,084 5,788 5,633 3,803 4,706 4,346

Seeds 51 50 46 108 111 104 77 77 72



Threshers' share 991 1,126 927 1,716 2,451 2,387 1,318 1,660 1,532

Landowner's share 356 350 324 195 195 182

Rentals 81 80 74 44 44 41

IMPUTED COSTS 11,176 12,576 13,144 12,449 12,981 13,251 11,751 12,663 13,077

Operator labor 2,324 2,667 2,849 2,139 2,226 2,347 2,241 2,445 2,595

Family labor 5,710 6,553 7,001 5,473 5,697 6,006 5,603 6,113 6,487

Exchange labor 412 473 505 655 682 719 522 570 605

Depreciation 304 334 367 203 223 245 258 284 312




TOTAL COSTS 25,568 27,898 27,919 24,037 26,459 26,603 24,876 27,014 27,116

GROSS RETURNS 33,052 37,551 30,900 31,807 45,438 44,258 32,490 40,924 37,765



NON-CASH COSTS 18,660 22,229 16,12520,219 31,960 30,906 19,364 26,573 23,726

NET RETURNS 7,484 9,653 2,981 7,771 18,979 17,655 7,613 13,910 10,649





ITEM

71

B. CORN

72

SUMMARY TABLES

73

Table 18.1. All Corn: Summary of Updated Average Costs of Production,

by Region, Philippines, 2015

GROSS TOTAL NET COST/ FARMGATE

RETURNS COSTS RETURNS KILOGRAM PRICE/KG

(P/ha) (P/ha) (P/ha) (P) (P)

PHILIPPINES 36,101 22,023 14,078 0.64 7.50 12.30

CAR

ILOCOS

CAGAYAN VALLEY 50,283 44,894 5,389 0.12 10.62 11.89

CENTRAL LUZON

CALABARZON

MIMAROPA 49,815 16,761 33,054 1.97 4.19 12.46

BICOL 33,801 13,357 20,444 1.53 5.64 14.28

WESTERN VISAYAS 38,258 25,401 12,857 0.51 8.71 13.12

CENTRAL VISAYAS

EASTERN VISAYAS

ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA 21,163 12,850 8,313 0.65 7.68 12.65

NORTHERN MINDANAO 38,777 17,788 20,989 1.18 5.51 12.02

DAVAO REGION

SOCCSKSARGEN 35,355 21,112 14,243 0.67 7.09 11.88

CARAGA 32,755 21,670 11,085 0.51 7.73 11.69

ARMM 28,322 17,618 10,704 0.61 7.39 11.88

REGIONNET PROFIT-

COST RATIO

Table 18.2. White Corn: Summary of Updated Average Costs of Production,

by Region, Philippines, 2015

GROSS TOTAL NET COST/ FARMGATE


(P/ha) (P/ha) (P/ha) (P) (P)

PHILIPPINES 22,049 14,504 7,545 0.52 8.60 13.07

CAR

ILOCOS

CAGAYAN VALLEY 27,151 26,111 1,040 0.04 10.85 11.28

CENTRAL LUZON

CALABARZON 21,062 6,602 14,460 2.19 4.15 13.23

MIMAROPA 29,002 21,705 7,297 0.34 9.78 13.07

BICOL 16,148 10,134 6,014 0.59 9.63 15.35

WESTERN VISAYAS 29,134 12,230 16,904 1.38 6.38 15.19

CENTRAL VISAYAS 12,139 12,778 -639 -0.05 16.05 15.25

EASTERN VISAYAS 17,335 9,054 8,281 0.91 6.31 12.08



DAVAO REGION 16,230 14,999 1,231 0.08 11.85 12.82

SOCCSKSARGEN 25,333 16,286 9,047 0.56 8.46 13.16

CARAGA 22,859 16,034 6,825 0.43 8.45 12.05

ARMM 26,390 16,115 10,275 0.64 7.36 12.05

REGIONREGIONNET PROFIT-

COST RATIO

74

Table 18.3. Yellow Corn: Summary of Updated Average Costs of Production,

BY REGION, PHILIPPINES, 2015

REGION GROSS TOTAL NET COST/ FARMGATE


(P/ha) (P/ha) (P/ha) (P) (P)

PHILIPPINES 49,794 36,275 13,519 0.37 8.73 11.99

CAR 49,833 33,644 16,189 0.48 8.69 12.87

ILOCOS 78,972 50,175 28,797 0.57 8.32 13.09

CAGAYAN VALLEY 51,332 45,027 6,305 0.14 10.45 11.91

CENTRAL LUZON 74,515 50,276 24,239 0.48 7.54 11.18

CALABARZON

MIMAROPA 56,234 15,447 40,787 2.64 3.40 12.37

BICOL 52,280 18,227 34,053 1.87 4.87 13.96

WESTERN VISAYAS 44,708 40,073 4,635 0.12 11.06 12.34

CENTRAL VISAYAS

EASTERN VISAYAS



DAVAO REGION

SOCCSKSARGEN 39,476 27,771 11,705 0.42 8.15 11.58

CARAGA 55,494 36,825 18,669 0.51 7.54 11.36

ARMM 38,125 30,298 7,827 0.26 9.01 11.34

NET PROFIT-

COST RATIO

75

FIGURES

76

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

in p

eso

s

Region

Figure 10. Corn: Total Costs per Hectare by Crop Type, by Region, 2015

All Corn

White Corn

Yellow Corn

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

in p

eso

s

Region

Figure 11. Corn: Gross Returns per Hectare by Crop Type, by Region, 2015

All Corn

White Corn

Yellow Corn

77

-0.25

0.25

0.75

1.25

1.75

2.25

2.75

(pe

rcen

t)

Region

Figure 12. Corn: Net Profit-Cost Ratio by Crop Type, by Region, 2015

All Corn

White Corn

Yellow Corn

78

STATISTICAL

TABLES

79

Table 18A. ALL CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Philippines, 2013 - 2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS 13,580 14,395 14,467Seeds 2,161 2,306 2,170

Fertilizer 3,878 3,622 3,510Pesticides 491 858 853

Hired labor 4,214 4,615 4,883Caretaker/overseer's wages 16 18 19

Land tax 108 109 110Rentals 306 331 332

Fuel and oil 271 279 254Transport cost of inputs 187 189 189

Interest payment on crop loan 442 486 535Irrigation fee 12 13 12

Electricity cost 11 11 10Food expense 564 604 620

Repairs 614 636 648Other costs 305 318 322

NON-CASH COSTS 2,004 2,190 2,062

Seeds 178 190 179Fertilizer 71 69 67

Pesticides 14 28 28


Caretaker/overseer's wages 2 2 2

Harvesters' share 919 1,014 941

Sheller's share 245 270 251

Landowner's share 465 496 467

Rentals 14 15 14Interest payment on crop loan 5 6 7

IMPUTED COSTS 5,055 5,427 5,494

Seeds 56 60 56Fertilizer 86 82 79

Pesticides 4 6 6Operator labor 91 100 106

Family labor 1,831 2,005 2,121Exchange labor 289 316 334

Depreciation 328 361 397Interest on operating capital 620 631 638

Rental value of owned land 1,730 1,846 1,737Land tax 11 11 11

Other costs 9 9 9

TOTAL COSTS 20,639 22,012 22,023

GROSS RETURNS 35,256 38,896 36,101RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 21,676 24,501 21,634

RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 19,672 22,311 19,572

NET RETURNS 14,617 16,884 14,078





80

Table 18B. WHITE CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Philippines, 2013 - 2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015


CASH COSTS 6,119 6,293 6,382

Seeds 119 120 113

Fertilizer 2,162 1,942 1,882


Hired labor 2,177 2,384 2,522


Land tax 110 111 112

Rentals 214 231 240

Fuel & Oil 2 2 2



Irrigation fee 6 6 6

Electricity cost 6 6 5

Food expense 365 391 401

Repairs 379 393 400

Other costs 120 124 113

NON-CASH COSTS 1,636 1,711 1,585

Seeds 175 176 165

Fertilizer 7 7 7

Pesticides 2 6 6


Harvesters' share 793 840 760




Rentals 12 12 12

IMPUTED COSTS 5,861 6,297 6,537

Seeds 33 33 31

Fertilizer 6 7 7

Pesticides 2 6 6


Family labor 2,134 2,337 2,473


Depreciation 199 219 241

Interest on operating capital 272 266 273

Rental value of owned land 1,018 1,025 964

Land tax 13 13 13


Other costs 5 5 5

TOTAL COSTS 13,616 14,301 14,504

GROSS RETURNS 22,994 24,367 22,049



NET RETURNS 9,378 10,066 7,545



Yield per hectare (kg) 1,665 1,753 1,687Farmgate price (peso/kg) 13.81 13.90 13.07

81

Table 18C. YELLOW CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Philippines, 2013 - 2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015


CASH COSTS 26,138 28,166 28,182Seeds 5,600 6,135 5,779

Fertilizer 6,769 6,443 6,245Pesticides 888 1,671 1,661

Hired labor 7,644 8,371 8,857Caretaker/overseer's wages 40 44 47

Land tax 105 106 107Rentals 460 504 490

Fuel & oil 723 745 679Transport cost of inputs 256 258 258

Interest payment on crop loan 1,089 1,198 1,318

Irrigation fee 21 23 22Electricity cost 19 20 18

Food expense 899 962 987Repairs 1,009 1,045 1,064


NON-CASH COSTS 2,625 2,888 2,735Seeds 182 199 187

Fertilizer 180 179 173Pesticides 35 35 35

Hired labor in kind 98 107 113Harvesters' share 1,131 1,265 1,187

Sheller's share 361 404 379Landowner's share 606 664 625

Rentals 18 20 19 Interest payment on crop loan 14 15 17

IMPUTED COSTS 7,584 5,537 5,358

Seeds 95 104 98

Fertilizer 220 210 204Pesticides 9 12 12

Operator labor 860 40 24Family labor 1,323 65 40

Exchange labor 370 16 10Depreciation 547 602 662

Interest on operating capital 1,206 1,253 1,260Rental value of owned land 2,930 3,210 3,023

Land tax 8 8 8Other costs 16 17 17

TOTAL COSTS 36,347 36,591 36,275

GROSS RETURNS 47,456 53,071 49,794

RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 21,318 24,905 21,612RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 18,693 22,017 18,877

NET RETURNS 11,109 16,480 13,519



Yield per hectare (kg) 4,084 4,169 4,153Farmgate price (peso/kg) 11.62 12.73 11.99

82

Table 19. YELLOW CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, CAR, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 20,938 21,473 21,565

Seeds 3,436 3,649 3,701

Fertilizer 8,325 8,125 7,770


Hired labor 4,489 4,841 5,172

Land tax 2 2 2

Rentals 71 75 76



Food expense 1,182 1,233 1,263

Repairs 1,166 1,190 1,203

Other costs 960 996 1,011

NON-CASH COSTS 2,659 2,749 2,749


Harvester's share 151 153 153

Sheller's share 1,776 1,794 1,794


IMPUTED COSTS 8,442 8,906 9,336

Seeds 287 305 309

Fertilizer 1,038 1,013 969

Operator labor 403 435 465

Family labor 3,623 3,907 4,174

Exchange labor 1,909 2,059 2,200



TOTAL COSTS 32,039 33,109 33,644

GROSS RETURNS 49,796 50,316 49,833


RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON-CASH COSTS 26,199 26,113 25,525NET RETURNS 17,757 17,207 16,189





83

Table 20. YELLOW CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Ilocos Region, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 39,790 41,272 42,029

Seeds 8,690 9,150 9,402

Fertilizer 9,396 9,049 8,950


Hired labor 12,348 13,278 14,206


Land tax 186 188 190

Rentals 1,307 1,383 1,434

Fuel and Oil 3,846 4,052 3,602





Repairs 1,237 1,290 1,309

Other costs 969 1,013 1,027

NON-CASH COSTS 253 266 273

Seeds 253 266 273

IMPUTED COSTS 7,086 7,450 7,873

Seeds 27 28 29

Fertilizer 41 39 38

Pesticides 26 26 26


Family labor 1,197 1,287 1,377





TOTAL COSTS 47,129 48,988 50,175

GROSS RETURNS 69,890 74,669 78,972



NET RETURNS 22,761 25,681 28,797





84

Table 21A. ALL CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Cagayan Valley, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 31,868 32,833 33,142

Seeds 8,647 9,141 8,765

Fertilizer 8,088 7,511 7,255

Pesticides 1,366 1,353 1,358

Hired labor 8,266 8,962 9,604


Land tax 80 81 82

Rentals 221 235 230





Food expense 1,208 1,284 1,318

Repairs 505 515 525


NON-CASH COSTS 2,881 3,103 2,974

Seeds 2 2 2


Harvester's share 1,705 1,859 1,777



IMPUTED COSTS 8,445 8,863 8,778

Seeds 5 5 5


Family labor 484 526 564





TOTAL COSTS 43,194 44,799 44,894

GROSS RETURNS 48,234 52,601 50,283



NET RETURNS 5,040 7,802 5,389





85

Table 21B. WHITE CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Cagayan Valley, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 9,340 9,462 9,755

Fertilizer 2,240 1,874 1,753


Hired labor 4,780 5,194 5,565


Food expense 960 1,020 1,047

Repairs 120 122 124


NON-CASH COSTS 1,476 1,476 1,476

Seeds 180 189 181


IMPUTED COSTS 13,649 14,564 14,880


Family labor 1,640 1,782 1,909





TOTAL COSTS 24,465 25,502 26,111

GROSS RETURNS 27,162 26,976 27,151



NET RETURNS 2,697 1,474 1,040





86

Table 21C. YELLOW CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Cagayan Valley, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 32,084 33,056 33,364

Seeds 8,730 9,228 8,849

Fertilizer 8,144 7,564 7,306

Pesticides 1,372 1,359 1,364

Hired labor 8,300 8,998 9,642


Land tax 80 81 82

Rentals 224 238 233





Food expense 1,210 1,286 1,320

Repairs 508 519 529


NON-CASH COSTS 2,894 3,116 2,981





IMPUTED COSTS 8,394 8,775 8,682

Seeds 5 5 5







TOTAL COSTS 43,372 44,947 45,027

GROSS RETURNS 49,432 53,866 51,332



NET RETURNS 6,060 8,919 6,305





87

Table 22. YELLOW CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Central Luzon, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 37,852 38,395 38,008

Seeds 6,776 6,716 6,055

Fertilizer 7,819 7,580 7,280


Hired labor 11,952 12,498 13,498

Land tax 110 111 112

Rentals 1,858 1,855 1,699

Fuel and Oil 3,669 3,731 3,356


Interest payment on crop loan 932 1,025 1,128



Food expense 1,019 1,087 1,118

Repairs 2,554 2,606 2,637



Seeds 65 64 58



IMPUTED COSTS 10,878 11,360 11,799

Seeds 806 799 720


Pesticides 16 16 15


Family labor 1,477 1,605 1,733


Depreciation 988 1,087 1,196


Rental value of owned land 774 767 692

TOTAL COSTS 49,254 50,267 50,276

GROSS RETURNS 76,098 80,947 74,515



NET RETURNS 26,844 30,680 24,239





88

Table 23. WHITE CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, CALABARZON, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 1,554 1,622 1,692

Seeds 49 47 47

Fertilizer 9 7 7

Hired labor 979 1,028 1,086

Land tax 43 43 43

Rentals 61 64 68


Repairs 202 210 213


NON-CASH COSTS 1,439 1,358 1,342

Seeds 494 473 473



Rentals 107 112 118

IMPUTED COSTS 3,234 3,382 3,568

Seeds 37 35 35


Family labor 1,424 1,495 1,579




TOTAL COSTS 6,227 6,362 6,602

GROSS RETURNS 24,789 22,223 21,062



NET RETURNS 18,562 15,861 14,460





89

Table 24A. ALL CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, MIMAROPA, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 8,670 8,775 9,034

Seeds 222 227 225

Fertilizer 2,456 2,372 2,326


Hired labor 3,608 3,686 3,937


Land tax 105 106 107

Rentals 144 148 158



Repairs 1,283 1,316 1,344


NON-CASH COSTS 2,023 2,046 2,184

Seeds 113 115 114



IMPUTED COSTS 5,197 5,352 5,543

Seeds 259 265 263

Operator labor 938 967 1,033

Family labor 908 936 1,000




Land Tax 104 105 106

TOTAL COSTS 15,890 16,173 16,761

GROSS RETURNS 45,953 46,471 49,815



NET RETURNS 30,063 30,298 33,054





90

Table 24B. WHITE CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, MIMAROPA, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 11,449 11,823 12,135

Fertilizer 2,720 2,584 2,566


Hired labor 2,640 2,971 3,174



Repairs 4,400 4,513 4,610


NON-CASH COSTS 4,072 4,162 4,086

Seeds 72 72 68


Sheller's share 2,000 2,045 2,009

IMPUTED COSTS 5,241 5,510 5,484

Seeds 1,200 1,208 1,136






TOTAL COSTS 20,762 21,495 21,705

GROSS RETURNS 28,877 29,524 29,002



NET RETURNS 8,115 8,029 7,297





91

Table 24C. YELLOW CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, MIMAROPA, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 7,977 7,992 8,246

Seeds 278 285 286

Fertilizer 2,390 2,320 2,271

Hired labor 3,850 3,865 4,128

Land tax 131 132 133

Rentals 180 186 199



Repairs 504 517 528


NON-CASH COSTS 1,511 1,527 1,625

Seeds 123 126 126



IMPUTED COSTS 5,187 5,344 5,576

Seeds 24 25 25

Operator labor 990 1,021 1,091

Family labor 1,040 1,072 1,145




Land Tax 131 132 133

TOTAL COSTS 14,675 14,863 15,447

GROSS RETURNS 52,073 52,550 56,234



NET RETURNS 37,398 37,687 40,787





92

Table 25A. ALL CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Bicol Region, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 6,567 6,840 6,975

Seeds 646 711 674

Fertilizer 1,638 1,616 1,557


Hired labor 2,964 3,125 3,332

Land tax 61 62 63

Rentals 243 258 270

Fuel and Oil 6 6 5




Repairs 222 229 233



Seeds 189 208 197




Rentals 5 6 6

IMPUTED COSTS 5,124 5,412 5,685

Seeds 12 13 12

Fertilizer 29 27 26


Family labor 2,395 2,525 2,692





TOTAL COSTS 12,326 12,934 13,357

GROSS RETURNS 32,264 37,901 33,801



NET RETURNS 19,938 24,967 20,444





93

Table 25B. WHITE CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Bicol Region, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 3,286 3,537 3,647

Seeds 312 322 316


Hired labor 1,418 1,671 1,781

Land tax 74 75 76

Rentals 324 341 363




Repairs 217 224 228



Seeds 268 277 272




Rentals 8 8 8

IMPUTED COSTS 5,053 5,314 5,600

Seeds 2 2 2


Family labor 2,174 2,292 2,444





TOTAL COSTS 9,206 9,749 10,134

GROSS RETURNS 14,933 17,135 16,148



NET RETURNS 5,727 7,386 6,014



Yield per hectare (kg) 987 1,097 1,052


94

Table 25C. YELLOW CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Bicol Region, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 11,557 11,943 12,138

Seeds 1,153 1,288 1,204

Fertilizer 3,098 2,947 2,840


Hired labor 5,319 5,608 5,979

Land tax 40 40 40

Rentals 119 131 127




Repairs 228 235 239



Seeds 69 77 72



IMPUTED COSTS 5,230 5,491 5,790

Seeds 28 31 29

Fertilizer 73 69 67


Family labor 2,733 2,881 3,071





TOTAL COSTS 17,070 17,753 18,227

GROSS RETURNS 46,720 55,659 52,280



NET RETURNS 29,650 37,906 34,053





95

Table 26A. ALL CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Western Visayas, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 8,989 9,011 9,152

Seeds 1,054 1,108 1,050

Fertilizer 2,471 2,199 2,156


Hired labor 3,325 3,499 3,716

Land tax 140 141 142

Rentals 151 159 151





Repairs 402 412 419


NON-CASH COSTS 9,996 10,541 10,100

Seeds 1,994 2,095 1,985

Fertilizer 2,339 2,208 2,164




Sheller's share 1,305 1,458 1,359


Rentals 19 20 19

IMPUTED COSTS 5,467 5,863 6,149

Seeds 20 21 20


Family labor 2,315 2,515 2,670





Land Tax 31 31 31


TOTAL COSTS 24,452 25,415 25,401

GROSS RETURNS 36,746 41,051 38,258



NET RETURNS 12,294 15,636 12,857



Yield per hectare (kg) 2,788.00 2,964.00 2,916.00


96

Table 26B. WHITE CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Western Visayas, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 5,466 5,445 5,605

Seeds 41 46 42

Fertilizer 1,926 1,629 1,590

Pesticides 6 6 6

Hired labor 2,833 3,078 3,268

Land tax 48 48 48

Fuel and Oil 8 8 8




Repairs 234 240 244


NON-CASH COSTS 1,271 1,644 1,515

Seeds 184 205 188


Harvester's share 769 1,047 933


IMPUTED COSTS 4,544 4,911 5,110

Seeds 12 13 12


Family labor 1,648 1,791 1,902




Land Tax 59 60 61


TOTAL COSTS 11,281 12,000 12,230

GROSS RETURNS 24,005 32,679 29,134



NET RETURNS 12,724 20,679 16,904





97

Table 26C. YELLOW CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Western Visayas, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 13,004 13,149 13,318

Seeds 2,211 2,239 2,155

Fertilizer 3,793 3,485 3,454

Hired labor 3,886 4,223 4,484

Land tax 246 248 250

Rentals 322 326 314




Repairs 593 607 617


NON-CASH COSTS 19,945 19,954 19,405

Seeds 4,058 4,109 3,955

Fertilizer 5,006 4,541 4,457

Pesticides 1,015 1,030 1,059

Hired labor in kind 1,089 1,183 1,256


Sheller's share 2,793 2,897 2,764


Rentals 40 41 39

IMPUTED COSTS 6,519 6,972 7,350

Seeds 29 29 28


Family labor 3,075 3,341 3,547


Depreciation 951 1,046 1,151




TOTAL COSTS 39,468 40,075 40,073

GROSS RETURNS 45,171 46,857 44,708




NET RETURNS 5,703 6,782 4,635





98

Table 27. WHITE CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Central Visayas, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 4,417 4,663 4,705

Seeds 13 14 13

Fertilizer 1,829 1,652 1,593

Pesticides 23 22 26

Hired labor 1,452 1,799 1,889

Land tax 75 76 77

Rentals 216 237 230




Repairs 268 282 291


NON-CASH COSTS 2,548 2,766 2,540

Seeds 228 251 233

Fertilizer 36 34 33





Rentals 64 70 70

IMPUTED COSTS 4,896 5,307 5,533

Seeds 29 32 30

Fertilizer 6 6 6


Family labor 1,920 2,085 2,189





Land Tax 28 28 28

Other costs 6 6 6

TOTAL COSTS 11,861 12,736 12,778

GROSS RETURNS 12,902 13,867 12,139




NET RETURNS 1,041 1,131 -639

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.09 0.09 -0.05


Yield per hectare (kg) 863 843 796


99

Table 28. WHITE CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Eastern Visayas, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 1,735 1,856 1,925

Seeds 71 78 75

Fertilizer 77 75 74

Hired labor 1,123 1,201 1,264

Land tax 13 13 13



Repairs 149 159 161


NON-CASH COSTS 1,262 1,388 1,362

Seeds 101 111 107




IMPUTED COSTS 5,146 5,509 5,767

Seeds 41 45 43


Family labor 2,222 2,377 2,501





Land Tax 70 71 72

TOTAL COSTS 8,143 8,753 9,054

GROSS RETURNS 15,873 17,531 17,335



NET RETURNS 7,730 8,778 8,281





100

Table 29A. ALL CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Zamboanga Peninsula, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 5,600 5,645 5,650

Seeds 81 81 72

Fertilizer 2,122 1,968 1,844


Hired labor 1,851 1,960 2,058

Land tax 168 170 172

Rentals 31 32 34




Repairs 422 465 477


NON-CASH COSTS 1,608 1,637 1,451

Seeds 177 176 157




Rentals 39 39 35

IMPUTED COSTS 5,487 5,698 5,749

Seeds 42 42 37


Family labor 1,778 1,883 1,977





Land Tax 7 7 7

TOTAL COSTS 12,695 12,980 12,850

GROSS RETURNS 23,480 24,333 21,163



NET RETURNS 10,785 11,353 8,313





101

Table 29B. WHITE CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Zamboanga Peninsula, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 4,467 4,834 4,820

Seeds 44 44 39

Fertilizer 1,931 1,885 1,766


Hired labor 1,154 1,489 1,564

Land tax 163 165 167

Rentals 37 39 41

Fuel and oil 1 1 1




Repairs 339 373 383


NON-CASH COSTS 1,712 1,748 1,529

Seeds 208 206 183




Rentals 46 45 40

IMPUTED COSTS 5,819 6,070 6,154

Seeds 24 24 21


Family labor 2,021 2,140 2,247





Land Tax 8 8 8

TOTAL COSTS 11,998 12,652 12,503

GROSS RETURNS 22,078 23,041 19,644



NET RETURNS 10,080 10,389 7,141





102

Table 29C. YELLOW CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Zamboanga Peninsula, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 11,928 12,290 12,457

Seeds 288 292 275

Fertilizer 4,470 4,388 4,238

Hired labor 5,735 6,073 6,376

Land tax 200 202 204



Repairs 885 974 999


NON-CASH COSTS 1,020 1,043 981



IMPUTED COSTS 3,633 3,713 3,668

Seeds 143 145 137






TOTAL COSTS 16,581 17,046 17,106

GROSS RETURNS 39,970 42,579 39,968



NET RETURNS 23,389 25,533 22,862





103

Table 30A. ALL CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Northern Mindanao, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 9,846 10,015 10,098

Seeds 557 600 581

Fertilizer 4,240 3,962 3,830


Hired labor 2,847 3,144 3,316

Land tax 137 138 139

Rentals 593 650 669

Fuel and oil 41 43 43




Repairs 340 350 356


NON-CASH COSTS 1,548 1,673 1,638

Seeds 134 144 139

Fertilizer 8 7 7





IMPUTED COSTS 5,340 5,811 6,052

Seeds 37 40 39

Fertilizer 6 6 6


Family labor 1,875 2,071 2,184





Land Tax 6 6 6

Other costs 3 3 3

TOTAL COSTS 16,734 17,499 17,788

GROSS RETURNS 36,677 39,669 38,777


RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CAS COSTS 25,283 27,981 27,041

NET RETURNS 19,943 22,170 20,989





104

Table 30B. WHITE CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Northern Mindanao, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 8,367 8,394 8,438

Seeds 110 110 107

Fertilizer 4,365 4,080 3,944


Hired labor 2,251 2,486 2,622

Land tax 137 138 139

Rentals 426 468 492




Repairs 348 359 365


NON-CASH COSTS 1,470 1,529 1,508

Seeds 148 148 144

Fertilizer 8 7 7





IMPUTED COSTS 5,021 5,442 5,699

Seeds 41 41 40

Fertilizer 6 6 6


Family labor 2,072 2,288 2,413





Land Tax 7 7 7

Other costs 4 4 4

TOTAL COSTS 14,858 15,365 15,645

GROSS RETURNS 24,035 25,785 25,513



NET RETURNS 9,177 10,420 9,868





105

Table 30C. YELLOW CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Northern Mindanao, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 21,288 22,645 23,046

Seeds 4,017 4,478 4,323

Fertilizer 3,267 2,995 2,945

Pesticides 1,288 1,280 1,373

Hired labor 7,467 8,246 8,698

Land tax 135 136 137

Rentals 1,887 2,099 2,070

Fuel and oil 362 382 384



Food expense 1,097 1,169 1,185

Repairs 277 285 290


NON-CASH COSTS 2,150 2,397 2,316

Seeds 24 27 26



IMPUTED COSTS 7,798 8,566 8,692

Seeds 8 9 9






TOTAL COSTS 31,236 33,608 34,054

GROSS RETURNS 50,159 55,917 54,041



NET RETURNS 18,923 22,309 19,987





106

Table 31. WHITE CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Davao Region, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 6,805 6,968 7,113

Seeds 39 40 38

Fertilizer 1,470 1,342 1,307


Hired labor 3,196 3,444 3,571

Land tax 119 120 121

Rentals 26 28 29

Fuel and Oil 5 5 5





Repairs 346 354 362



Seeds 162 165 156

Fertilizer 13 12 12

Pesticides 12 12 12





IMPUTED COSTS 6,601 6,966 7,042

Seeds 73 74 70

Fertilizer 25 23 22

Pesticides 11 11 11


Family labor 2,245 2,419 2,508





TOTAL COSTS 14,272 14,910 14,999

GROSS RETURNS 16,677 19,650 16,230



NET RETURNS 2,405 4,740 1,231





107

Table 32A. ALL CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, SOCCSKSARGEN, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 14,116 14,254 14,168

Seeds 1,312 1,461 1,318

Fertilizer 3,994 3,543 3,350


Hired labor 4,907 5,230 5,437


Land tax 93 94 95

Rentals 304 330 323

Fuel and Oil 8 9 9





Repairs 1,646 1,685 1,705



Seeds 81 90 81

Fertilizer 12 11 10



Rentals 58 65 59

IMPUTED COSTS 5,882 6,287 6,114

Seeds 14 16 14


Pesticides 20 20 20


Family labor 1,191 1,269 1,319





Land Tax 45 45 45


Other costs 8 8 8

TOTAL COSTS 20,785 21,401 21,112

GROSS RETURNS 35,916 41,117 35,355



NET RETURNS 15,131 19,716 14,243





108

Table 32B. WHITE CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, SOCCSKSARGEN, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 9,176 9,179 9,188

Seeds 195 193 181

Fertilizer 2,820 2,540 2,402


Hired labor 3,168 3,376 3,510

Land tax 70 71 72

Rentals 457 470 466

Fuel and Oil 4 4 4





Repairs 1,081 1,106 1,119


NON-CASH COSTS 1,161 1,153 1,066

Seeds 134 133 125



IMPUTED COSTS 5,898 6,052 6,032

Seeds 5 5 5


Family labor 1,568 1,671 1,737





Land Tax 44 44 44


Other costs 3 3 3

TOTAL COSTS 16,235 16,384 16,286

GROSS RETURNS 28,652 28,614 25,333



NET RETURNS 12,417 12,230 9,047





109

Table 32C. YELLOW CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, SOCCSKSARGEN, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 20,501 20,977 21,297

Seeds 2,756 3,181 2,844

Fertilizer 5,511 4,965 5,236


Hired labor 7,154 7,625 7,927


Land tax 123 124 125

Rentals 106 113 117






Repairs 2,377 2,433 2,462



Seeds 14 16 14

Fertilizer 27 24 25



Rentals 133 154 138

IMPUTED COSTS 5,864 6,341 6,164

Seeds 27 31 28


Pesticides 46 45 45






Land Tax 47 47 47


TOTAL COSTS 26,670 27,666 27,771

GROSS RETURNS 39,180 46,555 39,476



NET RETURNS 12,510 18,889 11,705





110

Table 33A. ALL CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Caraga, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 11,008 11,267 11,509

Seeds 1,213 1,227 1,197

Fertilizer 3,118 2,802 2,750


Hired labor 3,883 4,297 4,570

Land tax 34 34 34





Repairs 650 686 699


NON-CASH COSTS 4,248 4,509 4,244

Seeds 85 86 84






IMPUTED COSTS 5,182 5,637 5,917

Seeds 20 20 20


Family labor 1,179 1,352 1,438





TOTAL COSTS 20,438 21,413 21,670

GROSS RETURNS 33,472 35,808 32,755



NET RETURNS 13,034 14,395 11,085





111

Table 33B. WHITE CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Caraga, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 6,423 6,506 6,633

Seeds 94 95 88

Fertilizer 2,522 2,252 2,205


Hired labor 2,561 2,936 3,122

Land tax 18 18 18



Repairs 230 243 248


NON-CASH COSTS 2,865 2,991 2,715

Seeds 110 112 104

Hired labor in kinds 277 318 338




IMPUTED COSTS 5,294 6,292 6,686

Seeds 27 27 25


Family labor 1,631 2,219 2,360





TOTAL COSTS 14,582 15,789 16,034

GROSS RETURNS 25,022 25,932 22,859



NET RETURNS 10,440 10,143 6,825





112

Table 33C. YELLOW CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Caraga, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 22,782 22,959 23,646

Seeds 4,090 4,195 4,263

Fertilizer 4,648 4,217 4,152

Pesticides 1,152 1,128 1,002

Hired labor 7,279 7,378 7,845

Land tax 75 76 77





Repairs 1,729 1,824 1,858


NON-CASH COSTS 7,806 7,983 7,969

Seeds 19 19 19




IMPUTED COSTS 4,884 5,045 5,210






TOTAL COSTS 35,472 35,987 36,825

GROSS RETURNS 55,928 56,683 55,494



NET RETURNS 20,456 20,696 18,669





113

Table 34A. ALL CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, ARMM, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 5,774 6,004 6,116

Seeds 261 268 247

Fertilizer 1,587 1,555 1,538

Pesticides 97 97 91

Hired labor 1,980 2,150 2,250

Land tax 173 175 177

Rentals 325 353 369





Repairs 311 318 321


NON-CASH COSTS 2,730 2,916 2,573

Seeds 159 163 150





IMPUTED COSTS 8,009 8,627 8,929

Seeds 40 41 38


Family labor 2,939 3,191 3,340






TOTAL COSTS 16,513 17,547 17,618

GROSS RETURNS 30,309 32,458 28,322



NET RETURNS 13,796 14,911 10,704





114

Table 34B. WHITE CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, ARMM, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 5,075 5,264 5,362

Seeds 243 241 224

Fertilizer 1,393 1,365 1,351

Pesticides 99 99 93

Hired labor 1,705 1,851 1,937

Land tax 159 161 163

Rentals 240 261 273





Repairs 265 271 274


NON-CASH COSTS 2,554 2,688 2,356

Seeds 166 165 154




IMPUTED COSTS 7,519 8,087 8,397

Seeds 2 2 2


Family labor 2,865 3,111 3,256






TOTAL COSTS 15,148 16,039 16,115

GROSS RETURNS 28,858 30,461 26,390



NET RETURNS 13,710 14,422 10,275





115

Table 34C. YELLOW CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, ARMM, 2013-2015

ITEM 2013 2014 2015

(in pesos/hectare)

CASH COSTS 11,691 12,256 12,500

Seeds 417 490 439

Fertilizer 3,224 3,159 3,120

Pesticides 78 78 73

Hired labor 4,304 4,673 4,891

Land tax 289 292 295

Rentals 1,043 1,132 1,185





Repairs 706 722 729


NON-CASH COSTS 4,221 4,676 4,255

Seeds 100 118 106



Sheller's share 1,521 1,672 1,507


IMPUTED COSTS 12,147 13,359 13,543

Seeds 365 429 384


Family labor 3,560 3,865 4,045






TOTAL COSTS 28,059 30,291 30,298

GROSS RETURNS 38,492 42,310 38,125



NET RETURNS 10,433 12,019 7,827





UPDATED COSTS OF PRODUCTION OF PALAY AND CORN

PHILIPPINE STATISTICS AUTHORITY

LISA GRACE S. BERSALES Ph.D.

National Statistician and Civil Registrar General

ROMEO S. RECIDE

Deputy National Statistician

Sectoral Statistics Office

VIVIAN R. ILARINA

Assistant National Statistician

Macroeconomic Accounts Service

AGRICULTURAL ACCOUNTS DIVISION

MARIA CAROL G. DURAN

Officer-in-Charge

CYNTHIA P. DONATO

Supervising Statistical Specialist

MANUELA S. NALUGON

Senior Statistical Specialist

JOSEPH C. EVANGELISTA

Technical Staff

JOYNABEL S. PARAGUISON

Technical Staff

JOHN ARCHIE S. PONTIGON

Technical Staff

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

Philippine Statistics Authority 16TH FLOOR, ETON CYBERPOD CENTRIS 3, EDSA CORNER

QUEZON AVENUE, BRGY. PINYAHAN, QUEZON CITY MACROECONOMIC ACCOUNTS SERVICE AGRICULTURAL ACCOUNTS DIVISION

Tel. No. 376-1954

[email protected]

https://www.psa.gov.ph/

mailto:[email protected]

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