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3836936 RAMN/IVI : dltlilfi : n1'llU1U]aut;q1lrasynrfl ; ilt -lt. (R1rilUt1J1aU'ttot$ar
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PERFORMANCE AND SATISFACTION IN PARTICIPATION DURING DELTVERY)
nilsR:5uR'r:nruqruinurfinuf : o:fiuf, roiqna, ??1.u., n-ru., grd qlil, ?yt.11., Rfl.e.
gs nfii. rsBN 974-syg-23+3-
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Copyright by Mahidol University
3836936 RAMNM : MAJOR : MATERNAL AND NEWBORN NURSING; M.N.S.
(Maternal and Newborn Numing)
KEY WORD : FATHER ROLE / PARTICIPATION DI.JRING DELIVERY /
SATISFACTION
NANTHIYA THONGCHAI : EFFECT OF PROMOTION ON FATTIERS, ROLB
PERFORIvIANCE AND SATISFACTION IN PARTICIPATION DURING DELTVERY.
THESIS ADVISOR : ORAPIN CHAREONPOL, B.Sc-, M.Ed-, YIIWADEE LLJECIIA,
B.Sc., Ed.D. 95 P. ISBN 974-589-23+3.
The purposes of this quasi-experimental research were to determine the
effectiveness of fathers' role promotion toward role performance and participative satisfaction
&ning delivery. The purposive samFle was cunposed of 60 first-baby fathers whose wives
had vaginal delivered after anending antenatal clinic at Maharaj Nakhon Sri Thammar.at
Hospital during April to July 1997- Random assignment was done to divide the samples into
experimental and control groups with 30 subjects in each. The promotion program which
included given information, training and motivation, staxted with the exprimental fathers
when their wives were in third trimester of pregnancy- Both sample groups were allowed to
be with their wives during delivery. After childbirth, the subjects were interviewed for
c data and respnsed to two questionnaires, Fathers' Role Performance during
Delivery Questionnaire, and Participative Satidaction during Delivery Questionnaire. The
findings indicate that the fathers who recieve role promotion program perform more fathers'
role than the fathers in the other group significantly (p<-05). However, there is no statistically
significant difference of participative satisfaction dwing delivery between the experimental
and control group at p>.05-
Copyright by Mahidol University
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ristairuunurnfisrlounr:tniuilfinrd.r,rsiilr:sruioorrrf osfiflasionrlrdo.runrJlmuaynr?uJ
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nriomaorunqfin::ru ldrfiuuulodrlunurn rfionr:uorYu uavournr4rnrruvf.rdruqnrdn
Rrrt n?rudltJr:o fr'gunrfi nr:udfr.roonrlxorrruai uasn'rrruaulo riun'o n',rdunnnrfiuq
tuuuotirrnriudotuymlyr rfionr:uoru:-uluumurnfildniuur rirh?qnnoriurfionr:rJfrrioAal 6d
il r oil ?{ il9r R 5 t lJ R 1ilnuu uu lJCopyright by Mahidol University
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nr:6uuf nrurudrn:suru nr:rilduuuilasuqdn: : rufi riour?rsor:: durfl unarur
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uilardrunr:n:rrir nr:iuf u:'rgrlo rfiurodr'rlnodr.rmd.rrnionarulotirlur:nrrdur
fiu (cooaman, 1956 dr.rd.rlurnfiruai lrufrsrfi, ?s32:27) d.rtofulod (Thorndike, 1928t,
drrn'.rluqfifu 'firurri, ?slr: 27\ ldncirrd.rnqnr:6uuf'lr nr:riuurvrfrndulddrfio{
riuufin:riln$oruntdrudr{nrurasinlo nr:ldn:rrirdrovrirh?rfiornr:riuuflffiuasnr:
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riufiqfnq:ord.rnndatardo drdrnrnfior:anud'r'irfinraddosrfindufiovaosrJfrrin^q
ornoo.rr.lfrrifiudrrrasrfiu'irfina6finvrfinduotirsuriuou6o;finnrurfiouarrlfr:ifiorrrn'rrruf
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nt:tti{lnaoo Rttqunn?tilqtrrurufi?'lilrolrur:nrlu:yusnaoe nr:h?nr:rJ:sniurl:yno.:
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naufisnololunr:iiciauiaulu:susnaoo rnrurudr n'rrrufdnu'nfiolunr.rfi6
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nsuuudou nilrgd{fi orfi nmrffwololunr:fi riaudaillu:cgsnaondotr
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r vil'j'l{ef ulolua;qn nadu ludtnru lviour qiyvtoil, 2525: 95)
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4railJltu'llt l,trJlud{ nCjXtOrnq6Rrrilfitrda{ooR9t1rulJr:vingru trasn?1iln'lev
t'ti.tiloldtnilntudo1unfltflo{Unflariu1 6Ny", 1976 cited by Friedman, t99z 2tz)
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nxlrrd1ul:rf rigunfi Rliudq{oonnl{o1;u0f uasn?tildulo lqnr {lnr;ad, ?s37:7o)
Ruudnililmlllyt iiuo{ri'uo.rdrJ:rnoufidrrlrg + il:snr: 6o (Allpog rgz6 dr.r
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or0 doo a dor rYu nrrru n rq il i,r { o{ d{ nru n f o hi6 1 d
3. nltuoilyuilvtutvt (role acceptance) rflunr:uoruiuunurmrorqnnaiiovrfiog - i hea o '
efiunrumdlunnt:frqnna'ldfiorranude'ir ililurnfufinrrrudrn'tgoioeruro.r unyriol#1fio
n'l r u do ud{ riu uu'l n^sr t o.r fi.r n ru rlo u fi qn. laua dl lava i4- n1:UCIlJ9l9tluuvtlJ'tyt (role performance) tiluflt:ilflriotnrruilniltytuoitunnnfr
^ j i-tnsilu nrnunurnfidtnilntofi i{ dsrru lur{ariro{ilmil1yt uay R'truoruiu:lnlryr
Copyright by Mahidol University
l4
Rrrudoirllyru,n,fl uoiuruufidlri'rxunydudou lunr:uas{unurvrluri qnnn
filffiud{iosudn{ilynl'rvr4nrmurnraruohJ firaruuvrurvrdrtrnnahiarrur:niuldur?nrgn
firmunnrndsnr uiofiu:'rndnrTurrndrnilfisrrru qnnntsuulurrurdnmfiuoulnrfu lua - d a a .1 d r q to Ilrlnil aorunr:ainr{d{nilsrrilnrrunrnil5{tordrnru fiorrrioh{rnonrrruqjlornlunr:
- A e qlt d d J ,4 @ 9, o attdg{lJYlu'lvl Gril0vYl'r l?rqnnailanfiililynJlytuu u1{nu0u;dRt|ott0.t dildu rnnnTly.l dd | 33 - rt 4 r- S I a dh r
lntUqYlt:UR?'l role stress cfil0vdiltln lnUn:{9lOR'l:ttd9l{lltl9lR:5lJgt'ltJuYllrmfi Ifttmrufg
dil r,rfotrifirJ:sfinGnrnrowru rirl#{dr:.rdruurirluunu'rnfigdn'irhivroln firriun
d'r "role strain' uavfi.rfiryorrururdo n:ril?flnfr{:a n'lrrund'r n'lrrur{'u{oslo fisrfiolsfid a Urgrct Gt d .a o 'e'lilfiqnnatfionlru"hirchloluunurn uavfinarrurn?uoluuyrurvrfirir:.roqi dotfinan:v
vtt-lsionr:uan{uvru'rvr 'lriartlr:aude{nJynJrvrllionruyrurvrlffinsiolil rfion'lrrudrurnn'l
lunvrurvrld (role failure) (fif,ill qruyro{r, 2s?s: 94't drnr:srn?uoluunurnrflunllsro.r
nnru'hiruaruneiulunr:rfla.:ilyturytro{qnna rfinornarrmqeiolilfi do (Hardy &
Conwey, 1978:173: fr'Cur rgqvroiN, 2525: 95)
1. n?lilnqilrnioluunurvr
ln odr.r nd.r hifer rn u no
AavddtrlRat'tRn?lila'tFll.t?{iloitd{ nilmilfl anouvtll'tytot lit
z. n'lrrudntdslutnurm tfi oornn'rrrunrnmirluufl urmiiilaruotirl unyrlru niu
rotludrrfl rlfifldr:.ruyrrlrnhinilil'i'rsru0srJfi rior^otir.rl:
-hrqavaJu,q3. n?]il lilnduledil luuytulyt tRq0rRn?riln'lail?ililoitdlnrurtasnuyralilluulr
urvrriu hJcfouft niotrirfl ulilnrilnr:iuf rinunfi uasdrfiuuro.r{rir:,rilnilrn
4. n ?1il nra nft lur nrrmru r n rfi u bJ {ri r:,: u vrurn hiarrur: nrJ 6^rifi 1 6'n : r dr u
5. fl 1on?1ilarrur:olun1:udo{uvrrl'ryl
- -Z!'o-- ------- 4l o a . d c6. {S1r.{ilmillyUJflUdillJOilAsn?lildlU',D$tfl ilR?',lilmil1nliQRti1?tUO
z. nrrruduauluumuryr
uynjrl4t?ttJ'lvaruuioeuilytljlyt (role congruency) mrurudt anrunr:a16{Unnn
dtillJynllt4aqj'[duaotlytlllvrmulsailsrriliid{nrunroni.r'[{ Rllrde{uytil1milo{qnna
strildruilri{nrfiiiovrflul:Jodr.rqndo{rfirursdru uavfliluyrrlrmunrnfo#oor*uoqjn-uilofru
d.rsiolilfi 1ra'cur Uruilo{, Zs?s:94\
Copyright by Mahidol University
t. narrur{rloluuvrurniiqudorrao{niorlfrri6.J9t
2_ il5edljR'r50l1JO{ntrfl9t{tuytil1109
a ctA3- qnannlil1|o{rJlilrdgtirljytulvl
l,-t
u o n 0'r n riu q n n a 0 y il r y au n arru dr rf o si o n r: uao { il ynl'tm u;u
il: s n ou o r noYrq n nauavfi I uro doru 1 dlrri Crrauru-i zc,, t98o: ?s2)
t. illerisnmordrnru rvrfl usTrririliloil1er:S'lufl o{rudasnut 61 4 o c|9 e d I s2. nlllJugrnnl{tilt'oit olq tflf, li1llltrflasnuililytljlytunngil{nu
3. n?TJdrur:nlunr:fiosrchlonrildnuoinionlfl ilorfilo{ouro.r
a. nr:'l6irRlraoilduo{0lnunillnduarouuo_.t
s. n m ru fr o.r r; n n a riu rfi m n'il n :1il n r o il i.r siou ytu r ng4 df q2t9l q Gt to o qtel
6- n?]ilffi il11 ofl o{{ouvtu?CI tr{rii1l0lultvtlj'tytuaviliilsnro.r 16d
7- n?rild1il,rufioruarsnu'ldnrildruilri{fidonro.r
0r R n?'lrJ 14 rJ'lor o{rl ltll'lvrd.r nriru?r.rdu il vnltytfi o'l u ru rudl u qfr n : : ru nr: ril u
fisrnrunarilnlnili{flatdtnru dsrvrsrrufisn:srirurinrruluasqe: Isufiil#rfirfluflnr!-t
rdurn: oilni? rl nfl o.rrfrun: orn:ornir uavdwqqor:
aa4lldtqsqdlAlJyfu'tynJotrtililR't:tilauultila{nNd{niloy?unRlutJ n-f,. t96o rtJot0tnnr:
rrj6uurtda{anuatvtosn:orni'lornn:oun:-lcJurururrflun:ouni:6u:iifirurordna.r Rr:
r{orurqnarn n: rurirl#d.rnudornr:ur{{'lu0rRr?{araf.rmndu nr:nJduuuilawrr
ra:ugfiorfludrdrmunl#arurfinlun:oilnirsirr6oonhJrJ:snouorfinuonrirurnoour:ruld
rurqut6on:oiln:-t qF"io, 1976: 34t) rirl#rfinnr:ililumurnrolrncmfluavrugmolu- A e9 v v - 'n:ounfa tfrolt{tumvdilflilaRUatva.rnrufirrjduuurja.r'lrj Iosd.rnrufin'lrilnre?rit'ir
d dt u a r o ,dtil0vtJdxlJ:uflo:roileroRr:vn.r'rulnu nr:rorloki hflri16'rlouayh?nrrruriulnurin::ur-r-!,--!4cd-oataqaoobattays?uy?utilao tuR"lttau{qqnt (0uyttstu rotruduo, ?537: 6l) ludlnrulnu dilvl
(smith, t973: r39\ nu'ir dlnurffo.rfifrnualstflun:ounirrdurtr',rflo uay & rinsfrsfiuurlriru
l5
d la IIJUOURlJO{n
dr-iAiAreror nr:rilun:otnirrdslfrruf,uriou1 marrurirufi lmurnlun:ounirrurnfiurdu niu
Copyright by Mahidol University
l6
o1nfl1rdnurflo{urfl5r.t::ar aoudru esz6: n) nil,j'l finr6ur{rurfiri,lud,:ruq raoa A g , j ! tlunr:rJfrrior^flurfronltnaooUn:d'{rtsiilr:srriil6rn::dnunaon founrur:ortrJrhnn::ri
odr.rarirraruod{flouav +r.rs ,,urulooiufosas +zt+ wtfiulddr ilnillnfio1lurj:crma
'lvrurioudr{rfl ubJsrriluurfiolnril fi fisrfl :silfnlunuruiufiorounr:rirniruqrnrnt
lr:orlutatvd'.rn::riflaoq0ilnaoa finr:reiuilfl9orulurLmutytflo.tu^fn 6.:ilqriurflufi
uoru:-rL'ir unurnfiorfin'rrrudrrYrg0'rsiofierurnr:roudn fiorFruslo{nr:rdrrurfiri'rudrlI
s q 4 r o a 6l .lg v I rr9109r:.r runl:rau{eqn: t?il:ilf.tetsolj tuR'l:etra t149t?'trJ5flfixliloilqu9oqa: nnon0u
afrLaqunr:rdmqqo,:d'ruurJrJrrel
n:rru rfl ufi or6ud'urdou',r orsi{n :: ri,ray ldfi nr:sr:'roaourfl ufi urjfn do6rfl u
fiororofin:rrufdnnorulodrtrueruncrurTu odr.rl:fisrrru riurfluqor?rd'urorf,finsrflu
l^orluournsrir r{rdtfiuvrurmmNdrnrufidrnTrgrurnlufiior duunulndurrriohi'rfiEr
narnrn?uneionr:rJiusT?u?r{uvrurvrlmritd' (fiin: n'n:Iilf;'no i, 2s34: N) durfluqrJa::n
siol,riorufirnr:rflufior uavn:vvr:ro'rdrfi'urnrntorn:ouni'r rfiornllvinqsrlun:ouflir
ld rir'uvr:-sni roiqdu 6, zszt. 661 nr:si.rn::ri6orflunrrvinqsr^ro.raori dqfifiold'irrflu
nr:vinqorto.tu^ortdufiu nrrrv{firrrfluu^orriudosrnrfiqrirrrqnr:ailrrldshirnuil:sau
rurriou rravdrfiorhiarrur:nrJirdrld naiigrrililrfidorfinornr:mrrfio uiu psychosomatic
disorder or:ruairrJduuuila.:.iru iinnruisrnn-raa unyriol#rfioflqrrrfiurn'ldruyr'urnrn
fiu{aru:atd' Glott, t97 6: 1436) ornnr:flnulru'ir fldrira'.rrrrfl uu^al
rioh?rfi nnlil rn?uo uayrfioldiu nr:du f,u'iru'rr r'rriu om riuriuou t/4 an?1ilErTRSUUil
nrn4fi ln ovrfi ndunsoru rTunarrufdnrnioo uavnmru hiurilodrrrarrur:oiufi ouoilnr ou^9-q---!r{g.g-.si .-.-F r d @ . - i tn:? r?ru rernilm (q[il:u'l r{qrnn, E?J|: 23) ruilrfiu?nil?il (Shoop, 1976:- 26\ frnuir,-.--,t- ---n , 9l d J c q9.^ ar a I:smirrnr:d'rn::d nr:rdun::d uasR'trnaoaroittJl:ot rrn tuualiln.lrrunorJn6dru
---^.^/-5,-j.-y- Jia d hrq/q 4r - Aor:runitfrniludru d.tutuoit0lRtanmu til ro:uR1:rstrulrg?rytoiuumurnnr:rilufrorurriou
sitrfuluusiuroirrurrotfiotufionr:rflufinr mrnhifinr:rn€uilaarunr:nin$ou?rlnanru
nr:airfluotir.:6ude fiororiah?rfioilqvrr6'.rndrr1d lou6'umiori roirgduG es37:66) td'
ndr':ftrfelufiotosnrttflufiolir 6rusi{ueiu:nf'irrur:nrrirn::rf'hJnun:vri.:naooqa:unsj s ..J , - lrau{eufl t t9uilfl u9tou9tl{tdlo.{lu
I4raJ00?tRtt9r{fl:5n
Copyright by Mahidol University
t7
q v 9r -,d I d a A h2- diltRfluastilEsroR't:tilnuil$ila{n't.itd5:?ltu1lroiuJ'tt9'tuavn'l:rna-oulltxt|o{
Yt'liR
Jr 9 A a3. n19R1: 0lA?{?f U1tR0lnURltnAOOilO{il15A1
+. iiunurmlun:surunt:naoe
s. nr:riilrflufier
t-
lu n r: uhirL il vril lnlil rilu usias du n ou il o {r frfl u fi n n r: rfl u fi s r il o o-o fi fi 6vr fi n a
sionr:iliililyrurnfror il:ynoud'lu (Jensen & Bobak 1985 : 3fi))
r. nr:iufsiouyrulyrnmflufinr lduri rJ:saunr:oirdu dnsucilordsnil
{sun::ru :vdugruvvrrua:ugfio l6nmr nr:r6uu{uasnr:ldiur7oryafigndo.r n?'nl
ff;nfiqarrirlusirro.r
2. ttt{dliltaqumrtdtnru lfirri nrdfildquntdruor:ruaf (emotional
support) ttas Rt: dfuArludrudllar:{orya (nformation support)
rj:snrinf vrirfiu:fior:vqa (25x: n) dnurnrrildilrt'uf,:cil.jr{flod'sur.r
-e^^-de-^-<- -.--..-, zt 4 e i a i.r 4 J o ,ila'lYltjRlSffnu'tq{0viln'lsttdn{ilnillvrRrsnluusrurnnirilorfrrinr:dnu'td'l uavilorn-q.ir
nu td:-ur{rttuvdrornuvrvrdnionururnfi rJ:ylurdsiofl urollunr:ilrnlruflrJrlfiri6 n$otd
s?ut?|aoil'l:o'l
--..-{-.'{y-'^^^-..-- ^e--,- '- - i 4 J 9 a q0srltil to?1R1tttd9.llJytulytl,oillJgllttgavniluu iln,lrruaruq:orilrnriourfru{1914_ lv el v l- tl 9 I a @ a I J^iluognilil0lluualudllJSvnrs l0un ?fln'l?y rsnug'tuuytlrrrfl:ugR0 tJ:yeunr:alrftilnr:.4^.^^.. ,y^..4- -r-- J d zt A 9 ut yv dlau{eua?utnR il:urrunt:0lnt:rruu[0rRn{il?n60il ilaynr:16i1Jn1:rasuililmurmr_tor
-l- --- e-- ,-y I - 4 a q , 3 ! r o d< a dail;eR1:RlJR15:ilEilYlulYrR15lilUiln',r lUil0lVil]:n19{nrrfl ltu?'t ilnlmtio'lgil'ln rlnrfrilo 4 sa_de---_qfr. - jaor o a j.r dtuouRlsf,nu'lq{ ntounSl?lut1u16q{ ntoiln5?frtidrunulnrnuer-ilr:nrfr6 ovilnr:
iufuvrlrvrnr:rflufinrdn'irfinriifiorgrlou fiordfi:v6'rnr:flnurdr n:ouni:iifi:rslddrq.iaot s a b rd
Iravn5oiln5?milfrultutR't1Iila}il't: o1 lila
qutl qrgn un es3t: 4s) ilil'itrsdunr:finuriifl asionr:ude.ruytlltnfi o't lou
Copyright by Mahidol University
18
I I A d a s q 9o o I q 9ra t''ge I j Ieirlufr frrnr:rn5uilunurnr=orlsonr:Ifdruuvilrriruhiu-nrldiu{oryafigndo.ruasrfr'o
nr:rioufluilyrulyrtotau d'uJr: orJiildrsiounurmnr:rfl ufiortd6du
J . t.a v . / aOottl9il (Jordan, 1990: ll) ndl??1nilqtnlfldlil15OTlOlUlll:sdlJRlt0lllo{lJ9tl
car.ri u - 6t s qgto o d @lilsilu tlaslIfluln?]ilrYlil150luRlsquaul:9lilnsn'rrR tqunl: tl.tnlilueulrnulRlJgraJdtrqo.e&ario ry a u ri fr or r fr r ril u n r : ril u lu n r : fis u r n r : il iu lJ yt lJ I yt R't r rf, u u= n r
fi:ra a:frfi (2531: n) nl'irnr:hir{'uruylilllililrnfiorlurarvrur:nrsi{n::rid I u ,t dl a s a dUy- o o d dt a r ailflaflonl:tilEUYllJ1vlR'l:tuuiln1 l9tulj9'tvt lo:ilnlilusltlilnviluuRlttuuuo'tu'lRRl'llj9t1ih tqy- o o1t tu toruftltluru'l
a 4 s ar a I a iqy- j q a vtilAilflt ltJl,$mn (2532: il) flU?1UO1ylln:ilRl5doutRu?nililYllJlililq]ilaild q r a o I a in rnt-naoo ilR'tsutfo{uYnJ1lt lltR1:5?ur14aoil15olfia.{naooillRR?'tlro'l1t lil t0:lJR15dou
,ti'-9t v d a a , u 4 S q tt 4a vfi'1UU R'ltl9ltUililmil'lllUnln{tt9ltJ'15 911fl {n: 5R l9Un'15 l?lllOilntRU?nUilnil'lyle
finr Glrilr:CId?uh?fiorrJfusTrsiounrlrn'ldfi uavfiri':ud:ru1unr:rdu,rqr;n: durfluA j - .A 9 A s / a I
ilqfln:til1lt?lulgdtJlJO{lJ910?U Gf{tiltsUYlylltAsltgildil (Bozett & Hanson, 1986:38) n0l?
'irnr:$riuiln?lilflunmnaosfirt#finrldrfirrgunrrruflrdtnn'rnr:d.rn::duasRl:naoo fi
nr:rdrlouyru'rnfi or fi nrriln:vilfnuavqru^hlunr:ftrlyru1nfi al
n 1: lf,fl il r u vnl 1 n n 1 5 tfl u fi n r riu n c Fru r fi n n : l { bJ n'u n r : si.r n : : rfir o w r : n r ua v
finr:fiomrfiilrurndus,TJolgnsrr{ro.rrur:ordrurndu Iou{rflufinrfinarrudrn'qlunr:
Ei'lurndorj:rriuil:cno{druisrlo rauo'r:ilafilo{rur:01 riolun*rri.tortri rsdunaon
uarild{tnaoo
ilnilrniJoflil:rc,cnaoo
4 'dl
, & r.r o e I o a d a r dtuuunao9fi{rtulljus?{r?a]dildl ufliln?'lilfftnfu9roilsIuR0R't:tijuu9tlr$urau')-JruAya-nRu:vt so{n:tR ttau:vu3ila{flaoo etrir0T41RU9l1t'tgnlrlIglturunuriltudr{fi 010ri{flnCopyright by Mahidol University
19
rd0gnuretu?
siouyrilrnfis,rlunr:rdo.rqqor:oiohl si.rriu nr:fifiorldn?rrurfiriauiarulunr:nnonro.r
ru1:or rflr1#u^orlffilonrafrsrulrlyrurvrRllflufiorlu:rurdd.o lood.rnrfin'rrrunrnui.r
dr fiorfiunurvrdrfirglunrrdrumdorJ:vn-uil:vnowrrdrudrrnr0uav6nlo orrruafro.r-.----q-.- -. ---.h!.4-.' -t--4 Ae J "r ,, ,, , - jtJl:9'l tuteuunaoa tatiluoul.l0 ctri| tu:vuvnaonuuilltaliln?1ilgto'tR1:olu9t1it1 d,til
dadd(lJ'lA tdf,il'lA'lilfl, 2519: 1 19)
- y^----..A^- .4-.----..rt,. J & d -i 3"yl. 9o{nlttllou tljuft?llJ9to{lnltruiluqlu r?{:1silft?'lilna?yt0rgnnoonllf
z. dornr:nlrrufiutouasn?rililaanduornnr:naoo fin'lrrudo.rnr:flfinrrru$
n?lildlrJlronoudrq uasdrurufioh?rirunr:nnoohJldotiNrJaosfu
s. do{nr:ur:tmlntlilrduil'lo
t v uv R'15 n aoq ttas n'tu?t dr n aos
d.r Io urir hJ hido.r nr: h{rfi o nr: rd l rhanaon
+. dot nr: nr: uoiliurosrnfi uctsrr qfi nrrufi ,r,rarooon iin:rrudo.rnr:}flfl0^u,-t!-q-4-- g4aicrdAram1 l0fl{n?1il[cfntlaufl q9fl ::ilytgtuudo{ooR [u:uuunaoo?1rilud,lilR9t
nvr# u td'irlu : y uvnaonrfu rur: orrfi n?'rildo{ n'r: ldfu nr:sruuauuoriovn{dliltaqdoo:r{nruttavdnln fi.rlunr:ariuaququafu uoR0'rRrJlrorslolnr:nnmdrrasnururaudr
rur:Err&do'rnr:1#fioroqjdrulu:vusnaoa louqrl:rd dnrrai uurou6rl (2s26:9o lddolJo'tiln?lilfior#uc,o.ltJ'r:er1 nuir rur:nrfinrrudo.rnr:lrtfrorr{rhloqjdrulu#olnnoo
rsiutdu?dunr:flnurtotfiaur rudlrfi (2538: 3) ldf,ohi'frnrnioqrfinTrdrrudrurudor
au1uaqurur5o1n:tt{utn'f,ruru 30 nu 1u:vriyrfiun::rfnaoo nldr nrumdrnaoour:orfi
nlrufftnoloiouas gt ,,utqooudilr:qrdornr:rurnfiqnn^o l'nrdrgouas 83.3 aosrndo.r
rTtLnr:dnurtot arlqurutracttoutoofdu (KhaZoyan & Anderson,1994: zzo ld'aouarru
il1:s1m?ay6u'firu:u to nu6.:nerrudornr:au-udrguornfinrlu:sm,h{naooqn: uu.ir
rur:orri':ulr,rqjdo.rnr:h?fiorogjdro rgnqu}fl{oryadllar: uayudqirn?rruinsiosru uny
rdoldrirnr:eousrrumdsnrnfifisr'ldoqidrulu:vuunaon nuir rur:nriinmrunoryrolo rdu
rdurnlunr:dRulto{rnofie lcurtir, 1965: 937) nu'ir lu:yurnaoprrur:orri'lulilnjslo{nr:
hi'frprrrr?rlrJlndfisrrtolu{ilvnaoodru d.rn{rurur:orfifiorr{rbJlndfinrarynaori0yuda.r
fraunfisiofinrtunxurn uoin{rufifimrhi1d'uirhJtndfnrarsnaososfifsun6siou^orlu
nlilau Copyright by Mahidol University
.rruifrurioulrirulnqjuaordrnrrrudrriqto.rnr:fiu^orTdr{rrrfirirui'rrulu:stlst
nnoe Inurini6'ufitrfluXu'irfiorrieuluqjfido'rnr:firieudrrulu:vuvnaostdufiu unvudgr.r
hflr#u'irnufi riau d:rulu:susnaoofi n'rrrudruvr'uf,fiuruator nr: naoodrur:n
rJ:cnrind vrirfiu:or^or:rqa,,uruudu1 (2s32: 3o't ncirtir nr:fifiorroqjrfluj ' qr ri e ' o e1 lrilaorluu nr:drupialnutTtoutJltq'truttr?uaonl1il?1t1411lgro.1uouogn]ila]u{l R1tru oi
nr:{rfiohi'r{rfi.r1o rir}flrur:oraonruflf;nurrnndruas tridusr:sltunourfi ubJ
v J hq.| o-rio r I a qylJ15 (Moore, 1978:. 36D lntdllOttilslnmilq10UU?Ud{ld:ull1:91lild1Ul:CIlFlUiU
s l4td S f, qg i t ,i, tl Lt ^RURl:fldOA to9 lOUrlllJRlr t?tn1:eUAn?1ilqildUlUrOir:1{rRlUVr?dl lrj uAUAlUnl:m5q
ri'unrrru 16uilroorn nr:il niosieilo.ril oQn Isunr:s ^.d4
q , A I q9,/4 |t9u?I9{nrlu t0,n1 ry{0v!tr?u tilgfln9{ounalu
Isunr:froYirl#rnrurvaru
fi nalunr:aqnlilrduil?nfi rfi qrrn
R'l5n?unilRr:rrulo
n:rurn3uo uarnr:rjrnruauhbJfinr:flnnr:mruloovri':0h?ilr:sraril'r:CIn?ilqilor:ral
ro.rsruro{ld ri?udruisrlnfnurnnrvnl:dgl{n?lilrflufrq:ilionr:eirsdrfiurnrn R'r:
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1964: 23 cited by May, 1982: 319)
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doorurnn'ildarl{ uiurdu'lri'uqfior:r rfiuuaiad es37-. tD nrirtir fiorutnuorotri
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tn6un nariltnisouavn'rril?srnfi{radrrTnrfiodu16' ufidmvldiunr:rniuililrud?finril
uf oorttfi oornnr:'ld:-ilnt:tsri ururur'hiriiurno6.rriotf rn^ onlruf,d nlunrsausio
:J: s au nr: ain r: naoo'ld
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naqnadr orufluru:rvnr:16iunr:n?ruu:,rgr1o lmotivatey 1u:vurrdun::r{rravnnoo
laqraof (Dooher, 198o: 22o) dnurfl aloc nr:rni unnaondruiGrorarurrysionr:
rJiusT:lufriodtJ:dttnvRlserolJdlJo{sioil:yaunr:afnr:naoa{o{ilr:o'urayfi or nu.ir--r---Aqgr- d ul .gge d d da tn{rufr16'ittnr:te3uiluaclill6r"ilnr:mi-uufinruuunr:ilirtri'rludinail:ama1.tnaoorfi'ruffu
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uarfinrldfiil:vailnt:ainrrnnosrdrrln'uuavfinr:rhunrdoariuarluh?rird.rlodrniuuaynlu
os r#u 1fr'ir d.rur?rvnu'irnr:rni urunerrufto.rfi orriour{rhJfi d:u d.:ru lu: sus
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nnonriunr:hirniuutvfifla'hiunneir{riu usififi{ruifiufiuapr.:1#r#udr nr:rn?uiln?ril9Copyright by Mahidol University
28
r .N d I a q .ioa q r a d r a in tROUnAO9ilflA9nOil9llUnr:ue9rilyrljlmuasfidlri'Umrflts?t?'r{u0'r-lJlro'r9rR?1ilq]n niblrs 4 - o? Lt Aa a o 4 4 d a | 9tlgifunr:rn5uil o'.rriurdrnrirfifiuqtnrndrn'r:drfrtfr{nr:rsrTurJrJr4u'lyru=olriourririrrllu
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rsog dr{6.rlu qinni {flursrf ?s37:7)Copyright by Mahidol University
dueoulunr:r6uufl tr{eni q'$ru.rri, E2z: t2; Klausmeier & coodwin drla'rtu
nrn:-srrf mdrqrrri, 2523: 3r)
t . : suv s,rau dr (awareness staee) n'ti tflE uil n 1: 5-u fllil rsl'lstau d.r o r rfi o du 0'l n n'l:
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rio.rfioqjlun:rrudornr:to.rsruilfotiotfir{rfi.rurnrrn#hdauuadooqiud'r 6oy8rfinmruaucjt0il'tntu
g. :cuvil:sffiuna (evaluation stage) n'tuild{0'tnnr:flnurdun{rrfl ufinolouda
tvfi nr:lndsno{eirurudcnaldnareudosrfindufi'rld fi nvrlfrffi onrunarruf},rri
4. sytJsngao{ (rial stage) nrumdrnr:'lstdn:o.torirl:ounotud'l'ir nrrfiprnad3 st raoaturrl?nnilAUoerltJuu?natrfiolnri qnnafiovrlfrrior-lugrluilililo{R'l:aosrlfirifilu:sureio
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vrono'rrJfrrifiuasruortfiunaddnsrn^sdurTrnuro.rorixuriuouudrfiocrfindilnr'rudu,,uro,,taiaAa Y tA A d raoa
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tqzt dr{dslu 16fi0 6rurri, r;2r: 27) d.rrfluvrqufinr:r€ouflunrjrunq6n::rufiuru
(behaviorism) of;lrunrrriuufluu.ito.rnrlnjduuuila.rnqdn::ruIourf;o'ir lun:vtL'runr:
riuufiJ:vnoudru orrfiJ:snou z odrr noo mdrunrrdrudrrnruuayei:uil:ynounr{druisl
1o nr:r€uuffionr:tfioillusilo.rrf{ao{6iruil:vnounrrdrudrn'ru noo fi.:rflrunynr:s,ou
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t. nquri.:nlrunloru nr:r3uufnrrfioduTddrn^o{'r:^uufinrluniuud,rnr.rdrudr.r
nruuar6fllr
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30
z. n 4rfi urriu nr: rlfrffi do nr: ldn : v rird'rm io lffi n rin#rr v rirhi'{'r:. uu r:^ uu f
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t. fi rJ:saunrraffiinlousr:rfi n{r{tarrlu nr:r6uu f fi uu'rhflrufi rs urJ: grl rdo
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tfiurrYuaorunr:ofttasn?lililtrtourtunr:rJgri6 nururonrslorilryul-unrrrufdnfrnfrnCopyright by Mahidol University
1ro{qnna ilasilqillgilnrililo{qnnaqliln?1ilrfluoi.r d.rd'o.r{olrfi'qnnnoqjriun'lrrurfluoir
ruavrirn'lrrurdrh6.rnr:fuflun'lrufluoi.r6'.rncirldoaur:or{rnuofinnr.rnr:rJ6ffild'
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ruu?yr'r{R1:ri.:niruunurnfisro'{ncir? riruhflfisrrfionr:rEtrufilr4ilrnto.tsrulu
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J 4 q r r o 4 o o dlu1:o'10{n::R suosri{flasion1:ttdo{uyril]mlu:susnaooilasn'lrrufiwololunr:ralu
:'riltu:cuvnaonsiolil
uuafi sr tfi sa fru naru fi t u alo
r{0u'n{nrilqriu:ruriilfi nsdolu (z;i25 szl 1d1r?nnril?nJlulloirnrrruffsnolo'jr
ilrur06{ nolo aulo
rilir "nolt" r4ruts6{ arulo uoulo d.rr{rfin:tn'lnruro'.tnqu'ir "satisry" fi;1nvla.33rr44zlflnvtrurornnrumrfiudl "satis" frqmrurudrn?1iltiiu{no (enough) urRfTilRl:n:rfir uavr{r
'j1 "sarisfaction" nuudtnmruOud n?lilqltdulu nrrru6u10 n?tilqr nmruqfilo Rt:
aul:r:our n?1ily{o10 olrudr:rqlt rfludu (A New Thesaurus of synonyms and
Antonyms in Dictionary, 1977:691) ri?iln?tu?rutugnilil0urqRtutottrilatgrof (c*d"it,
r9t2: 663) nmuffwolofiillud.{ nr:u::qfisn?'lildo{n1:mioil:r:nur nr:riol#rfionlruAq49oad"{dtt)oil ln R1:lJ::a0{tonl?luqil:o6Y.:o1t1ju tlJu9u
firnoriu (Newcomb, tqts dr{CI'{lu ::rn:al ''6uaoqu uaynfls, 2529: 3o-31)
ncirT 'ir nlruffsnolotflunatorRrturrq{oonroryisunfigrhafr'r d.rfr'sunfi rflun:rrufdn
rour60{ilo.rin1odfieioil:rarnr:aifirur1ud16iu o10rsrJ1R}riorloufi16' unyviaunfidoy
rrder.{ooRyrl.rdrunqdn::ru1d z dnuars do R'r:udn{oonludnuarvrororrrunolo r#u
d'lu uolr vTsun6rdudrfirh?nuournrl6^rio^ uolnid nfoournr{rlndfi.rriu 6ndnuarr
mujrdo n:rruhiff.rnolo hiuludru hiuol rirlfrrfiqnrrrurfrouriru frsfr ournotil#0rY
taa?t1it01Rd{u1I
o vu?u 1d'ir nnrunow olo rfl u nrrruffi nfr nfi erlunr.rfi 6ro.rr1nnafi fi siofi rlnr fio
ar m : n o'n rfl u n qrr^ n : : ru 6'r u 6o o r : u of rn : r v u q fi n : : ru m r r 6n o r : il afifl u n'r r r drfi o du n r u tuCopyright by Mahidol University
35
AaaAoi?l u { ?t t ol?f E R't: 0t lf u.{ tR q1 u
Corlororqnna dulduri n?lildulo nnufdn virfi n?rilsou n'rru'hirou nr:h?qar
rir nt:ill-n'r:uJduunforJ:-urirfiuruffinn^o d.rurissrrilduqounr:rfiqnrrrufi.rnolosi.rfild(il5Unrrilru qJ?:ror, ?526: t9\
t nr:ilmionr:hfln'lruaulr (receiving or anending) rfluduu:nfiqnflaQn
n:r{ulfivr:ru'ir finrqnr:aiil:rnqoqjotir.rl: ,,unduquoariuflnrrruSud iliofinr.:vfrslq_-.!^.-g_-.-.j_ --.4 v 3 4 qe, q , A ", J A J j^t0 ytTt : orJ ylo u : lJ ctit t5 1u u ?t 5 0 tfi n ?lil dlJ l0 n orN t5 lu u 9t{ fl u il tn o 0'l n
l. I n?luetty?niR (awarenqss) ilil1u6{ n t: iiqnnaldq nlon^o nfoff; n.irfi frl
a.raaeiv-,,-J:aI 2 n?lilUlJ A?|SOIAU t0110 g: U (willingness or receive) ilUilqnna0srnon?1il
n*r u oh fi o s iu fi .r n : v {u n rru fdn rfu ror 1{A o 4 qt q -. - @ i1.3 nltlAORSll?l5O tfi n?'lllflU l0 (controlled or selected) R1Ufi A{01flfr qnna
!!oacqAsligda-'iln'ltruo:vtttlnrtas0ufr'lufr.rn:roiuriuud'r qnnafi0yrdoniufrriisruro{ruouilforirn'rrr
noltrurlf uaufl ilurdurf,ufi fi uurhfu oyhiaulolufi.rmfoeorunr:aifinu'hiyou
2 R'lsetouduo.t (responding) yrqfin::ruliudnrirrlddr qnnarfionltilduto
odr.rufinis finrrruqnr,t'un'ud'rriuuionrqor:airfu d.rrlnnaovrirrJfrffiurorouduo{ll1{r
otir.r nioldiun?1r,fl4.rilo100lnnrfirirudrruufonr:ldn:srfirfion::ruriu dofioiururo',,A -:tRooitu
2.1 nr:8uoorulu R1:stolt6fuo{ (acquiescence in responding) dudornl#rilir..4 -:r 4 a ai raoarflolI{ lttouuan0uilaunnlil
2-2 n'nutilulofi nvnoildu o{ (willingness ro responding) oro ncilllfi'ilq nna.- .a q j e q 4 J d 4 a IrRofi?ludunr t0ytosR:vri't tudirltu $.rrllunarur0lRR.l:rdoRt|0{qnnalrutoit
2-3 nrrrunololuRl:oouduo{ (satisfaction in respond) nqfin::rududf;u.^4-^^.-------.4-.q-d^-.- a hy o a r o I n !,tllo{tJ'l01RR1:tgltJ l0vlo39loUdlJOil utoqnna16RSyytlrionS:ilUlitoril.tltjild? qnnaillu
ovrfi on':rrufdnfi.rnolo d.rrfl uanllsud.rnr.rdruorril0fro{unnn
r nr:t6nri"ru'uil lvaruingy dudoroon^urulfforoulddrsr{r'h "rdoflr" (belive)
mforinunfi ooaniurde" {odfinqor^n::rufiuaoviruorJiu nf,oiufdrfi.rrflrriurflufi,rfifiqarnir
druiud':rtr uiouan.rdrrrrfirirfisrodrrloodr,rnd.r vrq6n::ruluriud ld'uri Rrty-- ! i u-.^.^at^.^^___ ^"__4--,-q-rr-!{-t, e . d - Aao{nl:ogldlJO?l0vlleJlul tuRltntsliluul tl{urJrsdyrfiR'nr rJn.)]ruuururrufngrqnnadul
l#n : srirsrrru uayiinlrrdolurJ: y lurriro,rfi.rriur rfl ud'uCopyright by Mahidol University
o ra !: 4- d ---4-!^^e^-^.-e^-i-.-t---4 R1:tgtgilUfirUUru (organization) tlilU?llJ'lUil{nltm{nndilfl1ilUlJlROilUAl{dla4odr,
ila1uttruo 0{rr'uuuflbrfio:suurirfiuil Isufiolsand{n?'rildrurfluf:vrndrlriru^urutucirriuIt
5 Rllrrra{dnuargnrilrirfiuru (charecterization by valuel fiufir;nnntst€u.rdrs1l
mrriru^srudfio{ornddqolrloun'.rrloufiqn d.rrirfiurunnrirdovrflu6'an?ilqililrler^R::illto{
qnna
t
orndueounr:rfinuq6n:silyrr..rdruisror:ruoi ovulul6'ir qnnaovdosniru
dn1?vto{n?rildu10 n'ruolorurriou dun^oriauno^dulusi?Unna uavrdofifr'nunG'ttav
r A o i I d di qY 4 19/ a Y
rirfrururnoiluu6'l frnvrtluuu'rnxlfiqnnafinr:rJirnqsr-n::ilrfiofru lunr:rJ:vrfiun?tu4 o r { i d e 4 c tterl .94-4' :.--.-------..i.-.rTI.lilo 101o.:qnnanod.rilil{d{ la 0{d'nJ'lrCIn5uYrl [fl lou80'lnn?lilEflRilnnoflo{qnnamil, A J Dc,
aodituu to
d.r rfu n rr ru fi r n o 1o lu n r : fi eir u dr ru lu t v u v n ao a il o { fi e r rfl u n'r r ru fdn fi n o^ o d 6
ro{fie1 d.rrfluanrrsor:ruoirnua.r il'nrflunqfin::rdruosror:uafifirdu,ruoofirlldn:srfir
fi r n::rulunr:fi ri'lud'lrutu nr:nnooilo{u'r5 er'l
nrrrufi sn olol u nr:rlfr ffi n u
n?1:.Jil''rr{ololunr:rl6ri6.rru ilil1u6{ nerrufdnfisnololu.:rufiriruav16rulofifAoA J ogo- d v I I d ye- - !
tvrJfrrirr-sruriub{drrErorrruivrqrJ:rarriroroqdn: :trnnaovff;nn'rnololuuufirirrfio.rru'!,evriul#nrarJ:rlusrinouuyruyr{yr'r.ro'ru?eronasmrs6'tu6nln uaucnil't:oerouduo{n?ril
ulu.tolttiudustuto{qnna'ld (straus, & syles, tgoo dr{o'.rlu ir:rn:ai tduriflur zs:ot
nrrrufilwohlu nr:fi rtru rfl unnruf,dnfr nfi o uiorf,aunfiluvrr.riifiro,rqnnafi4f de I J r zi dt gt< A^ 3 4iisiosrufifiroqi uarornilsrRouou1 ujunarruffrnfirnrrf,uriluflail1olRRr:lfriunr:srou
duo{n?lilelo{Rrtilo{qnnavi.rdruir{nruiracfiolo rirhi'qnnarfionrrrufdnfi.rnolonfohi
24)
fi.rnoln
Copyright by Mahidol University
37
n'ltrun'rttolnlunu rfl unator nr: g.rlnl#ru rlu tirir.rru Inuovoonrurlu grJuuuq j o hy '
ro{n?rruuo r0neuvrlinuulR lfrnrarurn ilr:ulnrdluanrufifir{rua nerruffwotnlunr:ooiAay4rrodqodi
vl].r11.lr&rRailuuJoquiln?'uJEdn?lil5rdil9{ad1tt0 tun'l5Ytl.rlu rljunuoiltil d'llJl:0
firnudrunuro{ uavfiIonrar1r':nr?r uon0rnddlmriru{ruoonuilu'r1u1#dilfrrin^rfio
nmrufftnololumuud'r nrirumufifinl{il'tn?'trJd'rrun^oornfrrlfruG'rruldrurnfiu uay{aa@a dd q e o C d a ,
o
ilA]Jn{1untnil t0 lUn]tn1{]uil]nflu (tdOU: tilAO{O:lu, 2522: 79)
4i o q q la@a J uty r .r o Jnquarnu?nun'rrgrr t0 runlrilailn{luuu tetrR nquanffig.l ton1Eu (The
Motivation-Hygiene theory) to{FofdtUofn 6Herzberg, er-al- 1959: 95) nrirrd.rilof,udt'do,
{orrirnmruff; ndduavhi6ro.r{'rJfrrifi.rru uriufl u z il:ymm 6o
r. ildug.rlt (motivations) rfl uilofrodrirhJqjricunfilumtuan ur:rsrirh?rfi n
n?Trilo.tflolt1unr:rlfrrio^sru fifidnuarsdrufrufrdolro'r{lulounr{ rfu6o n?1udo.rnrj u.lq o d 4 afrtvl6flnr1ild1ri0st'trun?tilfrRn=ailoitnurCIlt (self-actualization) ruIurigriro{n?1ildl$0
n1iln?lilfinfinflo.tstutoit (self-actualization or self-realization) do rflruuruq,rqoto{ilr{ud
flnfrug'rltrl:snoud?u nrudrrfotoirinu nr:uoiliilliilnoo dnsaryuoirinu n:riliilfro
uoil uaun?rilfr'r:nr?r' '
- i,| @ h rq t,|az. ilofrudrqil @ygiene) rfluflon'ufrflo.rri'uhih{rnon'rru'hin'ruotolunr:rJfrrio^4.r- 4 gt 4 d. | | Y
.l1u Btildnuatvtilunrrsurodoumfrorflurieuil:snoilroititlu flofrudorrrirtrJ{n'lrru
hiff.rnololunr:rlfrrior^.rru ld'uri nnru'[rig6r::r n'nruhirflu:vriiuu rnrM{'rlfrru-d
{lufi qrnrilonlu nrnirlrurdoruIn:run.rtt
fl0frtfi{ao{rJ:vmmfiuunoon0'rRriulqur6orro nrirrdo ilrf,un.rlo,lrildrflujo q9a b 14 q o .aua a 9tr I
ryanrqfirirhirfinnmruhifirnololunr:rJfirifi.rru 6sur?'irnsrrsflof,ufi uoiovfiryantqhfl
fion'lrruffwololunr:rJfrffi.rrurvirriu lunr{sr:{fiu{ru floil'urirquornrfluryarnqrirh?
rfionmru'hin'rnoltlunr:rJfrrlfi.nulddrrron6orirl#rdorua.rluiloo'ufi usifrrfirnfiilo0'udrdan 5, t 4 q q 16 ea d , t
oqlfiru-tdmrurun?ril'irnunvfrsnololunr:rJfrrifi.rru rfiu{usiornilqof,.rn'rrrl'hiff.rnolohJ#':
tarsrrirriu iltfrurirquosfit{aeion?rilquravn?rildsn?ndilrulunr:rixrunrihil6'rirbi'{-ti-9a3-----s--, i r r q d.i q qtylau^ o ulsr.tA J a q utJfrtifr'ttuti'l{luilrnfiuusiodr{1n fr.rfigsInh(rJflu-onur[r.rru1ffis^.rfiu6oilofrugrloniu
nt:ilouldutu.rrufirirfr'rnrueion?rildrrf ounvfrivrdtilt:oirlfinrousioqruriuld' fitvn.rlr
h?fl rJ6^rio^.rruot jxrdrnr'rrJdlrJ1:0rilaob?u::qrfl rrnrurufi ':rs1{
Copyright by Mahidol University
38
nralai (Maslow, t97 o: 24) ldofi uruuu rfi o rfi ur n-u n ?ril do{ n 1: uav n'lru fi t n o
loto.un4urililuvrqufiu:.rg'r1o (Motivation theory) 'ir urlurirfludor{fifinnrudornr:ogi
tdlJo ttavtilunr:urndu1udnsfinrrilfr'{ilolnqsqn unr{unrulurir.rraardul dnuarv
ranrvc,o{dintqudn^o nr:rJq^rior^rfiohildrurd.rlufi.rdrJ:r:nur ruAoiiu:ldum$on'lrru
rJ:r:nurrfiofiu nr:n:vfirfiorgnrJqnrflr udrnerrufiruolofiosurornnr:iildr::qisrq-f--.-.-! -.--:- d-t-^^_-o!-4- t - 4 q 4 h '4 c ja,
GllJ:vd{n lIqnnt:ilmil5"lRAilniluRUn?lil?f.lflo l0iltolililrytol0fiilsiou:.rg.rloreilo
,riuoo',ounurnfiorlu:vusnaoo rflunr:lfinarruri'lurma^ororfisrruriru'rrr",do4 r dt r j jo httasa - 'do'irrflusruotir.rrnu.rfifrorl6rlfrri6 6'.rriulunr:dnurn:rrun'wololunr:ficirud'rrro.r
fi orlu: vusuuurortod 6rdnu rrnnrrilodug.rlouirriu d.r6orfl urio.rro{{ruleuer :.r Iou4qAflRUl tUr:Oit
t. nrrrudrr$rlunr:drurn6orur:orluryusnaoe
2- nt:0oilillu1u6o rdu Rl:undo{Tilryu nr::-uf R1:udn{n?rru0u6 mio
uoru iu o r n u r: e rilf on uru ra
g. nrril flrenrfr 16'uri nr: ldrfi rurgun'rrrufuarrJ: yau nr:af
+. iinuatvcro{ir'ru ld'uri firn::runrrEi'lumdorr:nrrflufisfirnruilfon:rilsr4 dr ; r A r dr A jr a
ri: olllu dirutlllol,tu 1u rilufr.rfi irumFourn :?il0'{n']1ilfi oa: v lu nr: n: s fi r
s. n'lrru:-ufie5o1l td'uri nr:rJfrri6'.rrudldiuuulllnllu uasr?trnsdruriun'lrru
cl'ltJl:o ..
n':rildrr$rcruou'rurfuduoqjnhqnnadrJ6ri6o'ru d.rfinrnofauaylrurnofa
(Pigors & Mygerq 1973: 15) nrirlir {'rlfrri6.rrufifl?1ilflo.rilolnlu.rruqsdorurirhJ{na.rru
q.r uas flrHa{ru g.rdoru rirl#{rJfr ri6.rrufi nrrilfi{fl ololu nr:rJfr ri6r'rr g.,drd'ru dsriu-A-z--^^-q-9e---r+-qre---rr-d qgai A cr, J o. a I h rr 44do6olnr:l#fiorrJflrimilfriiflriluvrrJlilhffifiqorfioh{.rruriudrrioqei:.rlrJd'rud 6.rsiorfir
1#lfion'lufi.rnolo1unr:rJfrffi.rruriurfiuriou rilrrcrdofinrrfinnrrrufirnololunr:rJfrrior^I d r6e^{llult6? n0silAiln{'ludrun'lrrun:ssroofoflu fin:rruirfiouolJuasy{u'turil1#{rufudrrirq
cirsbJdrud
Copyright by Mahidol University
ir:rn : ai rfiu:isrurrz536: e0) nudlilr: ard ld:-u nr: ri.rrairul#fi riru drrulu
nr:h?ururryrrnaonriouri'lriueq,0ryqn:oqjI:rnurura Inuhflriruurilrfion::uvir.r1 fr
nrrrufiruololunr: fi ci'lu:"lrb?uruqn:rurnn'irn4rdhil6';rnr: rirtaiu
n'rufirnololu nr: rJfi ri6o',uriu,fl ,,f uunuuorlufdndddfi n?rilqu I o{unna
oio.rrufirlfl^rifioqi uarnrrruffrnoloovrivrnsioriqlunr:rlfrrifinu ri'lunmruhifi.rnolotut
f A oa ;t 4 u I r tt dd 4 q i h tdontrilAUq{lilltu0yilft?'DJl,ttJ'tu9t:ilRutlil ou1{ ISnq fl?lultinlo tolJo{ltaauqflna tilil?u
YrYA r.a l trt ,, a v 4cfudo ol0tilauuttila{t l9tdilogt]ilnlat?al ttaydRl?ltt?9aoil 9{uultu1il140{n?:9t5?0
aoun:rrufiqnolnro.ru^nrlunr:rJ6risr'nr:fi riruirrulu:vusnaon rdorsldrirnr:ufrhuav
ri.rra?ruo.rrirhvnouoixllunr:rJ6^ri6fion::ru rfronouauornlilslornr:rorfior ru^ouao.rq, i s a 4 q Gl
ltYtlj',tYt l99r1ilnnlnil?{ uavtRnfl ?]lJ?t{uto l0 tulJmil'tYlt oilgtu
nr:d:sFun'lrruffruolo
rr9 6w"r", tqzs dr{6{tu nlrgour rufiorqua, x:ol ldncir':rdurfr'unr:inn'lrn
fi .rnoh'ir nr: ldr{rarru rd urio nlu ff .rvr olo ls u:'lru udaarrur: ain ld usi nr:ru n io rfl u ri r
nrru:anru{ouas uriqfl u n u.r rfu o c fi rl#r{rlo d n d.r d.r rm o n afi fi{hun olr uas'[rin olo 6'.r
J a^zl< a . A 4 q o Jo o 4uu 0{tJFlflRUl9?tnJttto{n?1il1I{tlIo 1014uu19t.{n1n]ilila1un'loltJttavuuRtilililil?s
il:srdurfi urfitldnuarsr{rnoil uoR0rnr:1#r{roouuuu6a:vud'ruu'ir iirurn: nr:
in s 6'nusrs 6o
t. rfl ur{rsrouttutjilrn:dud't lrating scate)
z. rflur{rsroll 2 yn{ (dichotomous)
:. fi r{rnoilh?r6onnaru{o lmuttiple choice)
+- h{r{ re oil I n uh?rJ : y ru ratrir6':ra t (numeric estimation)
s . n o u I q u fi r rn d o.rn ru r ua r u u r#u n :.r fi rJ : r n q n'l r ru urlri r rTu 4 n {olvisual
analog)
nflduao.r nlrrun^ouXu'ir nrr oouursr: 6'ud'ilfi #od : rj:y nr: 6o
Copyright by Mahidol University
N
l. deo?nlu{1ildlr?r rdo{flurnuudroyrirld{ru
z. nr:sr:rre6oiluulldorJnrrunv.iru fi donrruhiilrnilaruilrhnrya'ru
r.'irusionr:rJiuuJduu{onarrul#rfl uiirolhnfotrisoulooio{norLtdrulodu4-+----..-'-.A--q-r-- j - q d A e b ' o , rioer{ufi?1lJ9totuo.t ludlrJ'rroltoRn?'rilduEon?1ililo l0firoEqrril6iln?rru tilno1o'irogf,lo
----J_-4-,,t-t-.,-- o 4 o - r q q r Gt 4 4i ,oliluuoil lild'llJlrcilrunnl$oljooRnjufilgtou 2 yt1{?1 lro l0-1ililo10 f,{n?rudnrTrnrtusio
tuao.ttotn:rrufi.rvralo'liltudtnrrruhjff.rnolo ,uoolorfrfr.rfi{od n^o dlrr:ouri.rn{ru{'fi9 4 q l|t, I a e e.l 4A o a / aa:rqilfl'l'|il?lilllo Hl la$9rR9l'l{nu?rn'tunq!il uavu.uJfla9Holt'IR15?tnt'ts?tvll.ldon n?]ilugtR
t o v @ / aaa I911.1 lto{n1n oil0u uflo{n?'ttJdtJytuf yt't{dCIstuot0u R't'l
s r o- j j y jIouaqrJ 01RR1:ynlm?u?rrnrR:;tluayflanl:Toufrrfruuios Bl#r#u'ir fior
4 44 o- o q c 4 a a a /drrilurlnnaniln?lilrnnqu'tn luRl:5?utilaoil5ufilJlJ:yno{ryrililrJ'l:n14aactrillJytlj'tYtlj01 tu
:vuunnoo rfl uil:vaunr:ailmridfi nr'hirnurj:sdumriou n'lt1lu9t16I'ttJ'ttfiilda{uytlJ1yl
ldotir.ru,rrurvdilsr'riln?1ilnlnili{flordrnru rsrioldrfion'luffrnohlurmrrmuas6r'nJr:n
rJiu6'rsionr:rflufinrlffi dtriunururar*.rfiunurndrrTqlunr:deutr?finrlduanrunuryr
lu:vflcnaooldodrttuuvaru louri.rra?rurnil1mil^ordouosr{rdarulursusflaoo lud'ru
n:rruf n?'ltJd1lJ1;a r{gunfi uavu:rgrlolunr:uanruyrulyr usiodr{l:6nrrunr:dnur4- 4-t r e q o 4 r C @ d a lt:o.tR'ltlJft?ut?lJlJo.luff'l luSrusfiaonu{iln?'IilttoR9t'l{tfiu?RlJflato{lR't:tn5Oililnrriou
naoe d.rriurdol#nr:druurfislurdosnr:firirud'rruro.rfiorlu:susnaooulfrluil:yrna
lvruldrfiorJ:rluuriq.rqo ffio-u6.rldfiRUlf.rarosRr:risreiruuyrurnfinrsionrruderluyril'ryl
tunrnmrufirnololunr:firirudrrllursusnaoo rdorirnanr:at'udlflrtrf,orurnr:nu'ruta
luarc,rnr:ilulu1ail1ro'ruayvrr:n h?fi rJ:yfinf; nrnO.rdu
Copyright by Mahidol University
td
UilN 8
A,CI o A Au?fi9tltuunlt?ort
,ao d .*-----eg,-.A--.n1tl0ult I1JUR15?0UR{flAAO{ (quasi-experiment research) uuUdnutdo{n6iil*^^i^.a^.^^4^4--!aatinni{t60r tfraBnurnalo{n'lt.f{rd3ililnulnfrgidoR'lltdo.mytulnrlaynrrrufiwololu
ear r q s d al -Jn1:ild?u5?iltu5rusnno9 [ouu:ruasrduao'.ril
6'nsolv rhsumr$as n drun'a adm
rJ: sinnrdlfilu nr: dnurn9'rii6o fi ordiiqorr nuur nd{rn1r olil.rnh nn: : drms
naooYl'l{tlio{naonlult{ilulumililltlfun5f,inrtilrlt :ymdtrnoouruurautr1lrdou
nrnalnil zs/{ 0 rirrundnuourornriru6'aodr.rl{d,rddo u^ororq rs fldulil nrdnu.r
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5. r,aruur Ril lilu#o.rnnoo il'r: arfi rJrnruognrfl rr q-t o rryusr^nJsr:
o. rumorfinlr*um:nfiouriounaosrCopyright by Mahidol University
42
il r r e rfi n ?'r ru 6 r rfl u do.r Ei r ds n a o n nr.r rn rir fio.r
nr: nlun:: rifi nrrrufi orJ nfimfofi nrrvum: ndou
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hiorlqrol#fiorrnfoqrdu?rluri'os:onaoo unr{ulu:rufifinr?sun:Rdou fiorrmfoqrrr^
7.
8.
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43
4nnu riourfi rnaooos 16ir nr:of; uruo'rR'rrto{ril'r: orodrsndrrlA i raua e,l
d{nn?:ilail9ilaryfi.|1varrA
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rniosil^olunrttfiu:ar:arudorya il:vnordro
t. urudrunruoi{oruar{rh.l
z. unniovrofi n::runr:udoiulvnllvrfinrlu:cusnaona 4 a o alr r q a
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nqdnr:unrduflrflrqdru?u 6 r?o 6or?o r-o
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nuuuunlrudo.:uvnlryrr-r^qrlu:suynaoooqj:ru'ir O-24 nyuuu loudruf,rflrqfi 0-6y'ttdd99/{dfivttuu alufll:?lJvluil 0-10 nsrtuu uayo]ur.r9{Rdouil 0-8 nyuuu fisuuuu]n fiil]u00
4a!/4a9,,CIitlJo'rIrc[9r{lJnil]ytilIR nyttuuTtou l4iltu0ilun]ttd9titlJvtulTtuou
Copyright by Mahidol University
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ttuuinn?rilfiwololunr:fi ciauiaulursssnooerrorfi or rfl uuuueouulru,fi ut
n'unmruff;n nrrilfisrfiutorfiorlunr:firiaudrulu:suvnaoo t{fiuagrodus,rr,fi
flnurrrndr:'urasrlutluitl'udrfiurrlor Ioufiuu'lnr:eirrsrriluuuion:rruno.rnololunr:fi_l-,--!_-_q-rr.._-. - -rS---_-._-- _ e J j - jfl?ut?rJ tilr.tilqgt:llBlsun:og tr.tllu1illa ro{?ttlRtBt lru??stul (?s36) doljoliltnu?
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I:wururn d.ra9'rudu"rruuurfisnarrufirnololu nr:rlfr ri6.rru lunqu fi grlnuarri'rqu
(Ihe Motivation-Hygiene Theory)floilrAOfaruofn (Henberg, eL al-, 1959) il:ynoudru
flofrtlg.rlt 16'uri nlrudrtfotowru nr:uoruiufifio nerurlllmdr frnuarrro.rlll uas
n':lruiufi'srou ilofrurirqu lduri uluuruuavn'rrili?r'ri nr:ri.rrTuriqur nerrudrurTuf
fi'lqnnadu narJ:slurrirduqu ,,uronrnu:ndor flor{rorrurflun'rinr?Ruasmr{a:J,firuru
q ila lfinsr:rrj:srfiurir s drt finmrurf;orTurirdrurl:sfivrf;'uoadr = 0.88 dru:-unr:
a9r{$uuiernlrufftnoltlunr:firirud'rrlu:vusnaoororfisr rfluuuilion, rufdn n?'uJ
n^nt#ulunr:firi'rud'lruniufiu nsinr:firi'rudarulu:yusnaoe,rflunqsr^n::runfofi0Rr:rJR1:r A A--9lqgt g) - I - ia qgrea ! | q r d
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rlfr rifirrirriu Ioufi nurffi u'rnfu nlrudrrio"lunr:d'luru6orur: or nr:uorJiufudoornrur: or
mfoilurura nrrruflr:r,rrhrornr:drurm6orur:nr
nrrru:-ufi oroulunr:ri'lttma^orur:otlu:yuvnnof l
urnfi orlu:Buufl aoofl o.ruuiluruu (chapnan, 1992)
firu sy {flneou '$ruru ss do:J:rnoud'ru
oatdARU0lgtlO'1n0R:5lJR'l:UlUt?lAO ttds
sr40loutnJ.lft?'llJT{.t1Io l09t'til n1:ttct9{ilrrl
rflu : dru 6o rl {rflrq zl {d'rru
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n ?'ril il'{ilol0 lu n r: fi ri'ru drru lu : s uv n aoo dru {drru fi ru'fi ruau r s c7o6o{o q-z:
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il:snoudru#onerruiiuanrnrrrufdn nerrufior#ulunufi rirud'rrulu:yuy
n ao g t o.ril^sr r dru u'l n tray druau
20,22,23, 26,30, 31, 33,34,35.
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28,29,32.
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4, 5,'1, 9, LO, 12, 13, 19, 21, U, ?5, n,
Copyright by Mahidol University
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s o'tnrill
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48
?lou 12-60nvtluu nvuuurJrn urrudrfinrfinaruffluololunr:firiaudrrulu:yusnaoe
rJrR nsuuurlou mrurudru^orfi n:rrufiwololu nrrfi rirud'lrutu:suynaoe#ou
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t. nun.u*uuurorndr:r roRd'rr uacnuifrudrdu.lr?o.r
z- air.r rn io.: fi o l#ao s n do,r rilior qil : ya.r r{r o.r n r: if,u t du rivlgL
ruu u dru n ru afi{ory arf,r lrJ
uruion q6R5 ru Rlrudorunurnfi nrlu:sosnaoo
2-3 uuionerrufi.rnololunr:fi ri'lud:ru1u:c0ynaooilo.r:J^al
s.drrndo{ru^ofi airrduh.hjf nuroror:tidrjf nurnr:iir'rrrnaorliurJq.ruff lr4. Rlret'?0doun1'lilnr{ilo{truljdoljo1il (validity) Iouffifiuriruuueuuolud
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fi'or:ansTnfruluusias{or{rnrrud'o.rnirunerrurfiuuouorn{n:.rqar'trfrhirloun'irslusviru- 9t dr a 9 ail a { 0 1 fi vr r.r't u n'l : lt 0'l : 0t'l 0'l n 4 n t { q al ? 9}l {Sfruriruuueou nrruuriliurJq,rufrlnrfi rur6ru
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n?'lilnormu lravtotduouuylJo{q!nslqar'1o{
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Copyright by Mahidol University
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qdg,eelu nr: rfr r: ru: ru{orynnuit'unisfi il: v nordeu ffi ruuar{ri'rui6'r,6ru1u t nu
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52
a eyn1:?tFr:lvl41rotJotu
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naoefl oirrJl:orfi niur6o':riu rur:nrrirulmqjnnonrJn 6 eo.ooc. nrtil t6.67 vot tdiufl rrdrCopyright by Mahidol University
54
naoo (80-00vo ttdr 76.67vo) uavhildiuor:v$uilao (80.00%niurdu:6'u) fi:susnar
naoo 2ll-5oo urfi e3.33vo tras 63.33vd lnurur:orlun{ruvrnaosfi:vuvna'lndoo z2+73s
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3_92
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sD 14,936J8 9587.31
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. Ivfin-Max 1-6 l-7 t-test
Mean 3.05 3.lO t=-0.13 "'
sD lJ8 t-41,
p>0.05
Copyright by Mahidol University
56
nmNfr z. rde{fluau 9ouas uavnl;0urfi0udnufl;toryanmnaoarolru'r:or dru
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501-800826-67930-0080r-r0@ 2 6.et
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Mean 477.16 5m.63 t=0-63 o"
sD 11s.84 t66,Jl
p>0.05
Copyright by Mahidol University
57
ruaRl:iloGroudililagru
a9r4dr4ral6frJtJgtslu1|ovt l-2 rilunl:f,RUlr.rauo{Rl5ditrd:lJlJYDJlyrnon'Httd9itlJytltlmrras
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sir{ rYu odrs fi rludrd€U ii: s dil o.os 16'.r rau o 151u r',r'ro d r;
Copyright by Mahidol University
58
flr:r{d g. nJ?uurfiuuri'l,*dunuuoruuuR'l5rrdo.rilyriltvril^orlu:vuvnaoqf ou:?r,uar9t.!!rtr'r0o'lu rs14?r{nqilmnao{uarREiln?ilqil 9'ru r-tesr
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33.80 ttas lg.+o nrildro'u nruuun?rilfr.rvrololunr:firirui'1ru1u:suvnaondrufldrrufiruj
tqdu oz-ot nav 62.47 nrildr6'il nsuilun?1rJff.rnolotunr:fici'lud'1ru1u:yusnaoodru{4ie{ndourilau 48.47 ilav +o.qr nrildrd'u uasiinvuuunmrufrwololunr:ficirudrillu:sns
0-6 3-6 5.60 0.81 1.97
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a.r, u qvrfira^aoqor. es26\. 6n?murnr:finur. nq{rynrrJ?nunr: dnu:riarfisr.
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. (2s37). fieimurnr:flnur. ffilr{n:-'td :l fllilryn{uldlrJni: Ewrarnraf
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tljO.relJ. (T{rJlrnt{yl 6). nq{rytllilld'lltfit : q}na{ R50lill,t]i1tulnu-
r tddu: tmdorodrru. es2z). rur{uridrurtufluoqrinr:. nq{rnilil?rllJen: I:,rfirurf
ruurinurdu:rrurirumr.
. J e4 / a aqJuur4 u.rdoE?na{ nralil?t1?ytu'tau-
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