Tinh tuy Bat nha Tam Kinh

8/9/2019 Tinh tuy Bat nha Tam Kinh

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3

c alai Lama i th XIV

Tinh Ty

Bt Nh Tm Kinh

Essence of the Heart Sutra

Hng Nh Thubten Munsel

chuyn Vit ng

4

ThVin NalandaVietnamese Nalanda Libraryhttp://nalanda.batnha.org

SCH N TNG KHNG BN

Ty nghi ph bin

vi iu kin gi nguyn ni dung v khng bn.

Mun in sch n tng, xin vui lng lin lc [email protected]

Copyright 2002 His Holiness the Dalai LamaVietnamese translation Hng Nh Thubten Munsel 2008

Ba ngoi, ba trong:Tranh pht ha c Quan T Ti, ha s Kelsang Wangmo

Nguyn bn ting Anh

THE ESSENCE OF THE HEART SUTRA,The Dalai Lamas Heart of Wisdom Teachingsby Tenzin Gyatso, His Holiness the Dalai Lamatranslated and edited by Geshe Thubten JinpaWisdom Publications, Boston, 2002

www.wisdompubs.org


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13

Phn I

Tng Quan Pht Gio

14

Chng 1

Tin b tm linh

Thi gian khng i ai. K t khi cho i, chng ta c tng

pht tng giy tin dn von kt, v ci cht. i sng con

ngi l nh vy; th gii ny, v tr ny, tt cu nh vy c.V con ngi c i sng tinh thn nn phi lun t xt xem bn

thn mnh ang sng nh th no. Trong trng hp ca ti,

phn ln cuc i tri qua. D ti l mt Pht t bing nhc,

vn c th ni rng mi nm ti u c cht tin b. Trn ht, ti

lun c gng chn thnh noi theo gt chn c Pht Thch Ca, c

gng lm mt thy tu xng ng. Tt nhin, ngi xut gia cng

c khi lm ln trong i sng v trn bc ng tu. D vy, ti

nghmnh cng cng hin c cht g vo th gii xung

quanh, nht l gp sc duy tr nn vn ha Pht gio Ty

Tng.

Tin b tm linh l iu khng bao ginn d di hi lng

vi nhng g c, v tht s l tim nng con ngi trn lnh

vc ny hon ton khng gii hn. Tt c chng ta, bt k l ai,

u c kh nng pht trin v hn nh; v bt c mt ai trong

chng ta cng u c th thnh Pht. Tm ca chng ta y, cho

d hin ti cha y v minh v kh au, vn c kh nng

chuyn thnh tm gic ng ca mt ng Pht . Nu ni v vtcht tin ti th ng l nn tri tc, ng mun hn. Nhng trn


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3. cn bn pht gio 35

mi by phm tro, c nhiu phm lin quan n c hai sc

thi c bit ny ca Tm.

Bn phm u trong ba mi by phm tro l bn cstnh gic [t nim x]

1. Cstnh gic ca thn th [Thn]

2. Cstnh gic ca cm nhn [Th]

3. Cstnh gic ca tm thc [Tm]

4. Cstnh gic ca s vt [Php]

Khi tu T nim xc thun thc, hnh gi trnn singnng tinh tn i vi cc iu lnh. V vy bn phm tip theo l

bn nlc chnh xc [t chnh cn]:

5. Vic c sinh, n lc lm cho mau dt.

6. Vic c cha sinh, n lc ngn khng cho sinh ra

7. Vic thin sinh, n lc lm cho tng trng8. Vic thin cha sinh, n lc lm cho mau sinh.

Mt khi c c kh nng t ch v tnh gic, hnh gi s d

dng tin xa hn trn lnh vc tu thin ch [samatha], ri nh

tm nh tnh m c th vn dng tm thc lm nhng vic

ngi thng khng th lm. V nhng vic lm ny i hi mt

trng thi tm thc thun thc v tp trung phi thng, nn ckhi gi l thn thng. Do , bn phm tip theo sau l bn

hotng phi thng[t thn tc]:

9. c nguyn phi thng [Dc]

10. Tinh tin phi thng [Tin]

11. Ch tm phi thng [Nim]

12. Qun tr phi thng [Trch php]

36 Tinh Ty Bt Nh Tm Kinh

Tt c mi hai phm ni trn u lin quan n phng

php gip hnh gi pht trin kh nng chuyn ch vo mt

mc nht nh. Ri nhpht trin kh nng chuyn ch ny mmi chc nng khc ca tm thc u c pht trin. Do ,

tip theo l nm cn [ng cn - cn bn ca thin php]:

13. Tn cn

14. Tin cn

15. Nim cn

16. nh cn17. Tu cn

Nm cn ny khi vng mnh s thnh nm lc [ng lc]:

18. Tn lc

19. Tin lc

20. Nim lc

21. nh lc

22. Tu lc

Bao githnh tu c nm lc, hnh gi t nhin s kh

nng tu tp phn tinh ty ct ty ca Pht php, c gi l tm

con ng chn chnh [bt chnh o]

23. Chnh kin24. Chnh t duy

25. Chnh ng

26. Chnh nghip

27. Chnh mnh

28. Chnh tin

29. Chnh nim


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3. cn bn pht gio 37

30. Chnh nh

By phm cui cng trong danh sch ny c gi l by

nhnh b[tht gic chi hay tht gic b]31. Nhnghmt cch ng n, l yu t dn n gic ng

[Nim gic chi]

32. Hng nguyn mt cch ng n, l yu t dn n gic

ng [Trch php gic chi]i

33. N lc mt cch ng n, l yu t dn n gic ng

[Tin gic chi]

34. Vui v mt cch ng n, l yu t dn n gic ng

[H gic chi]

35. Tm nh nhng mt cch ng n, l yu t dn n

gic ng [Khinh an gic chi]

36. Tm nh tnh mt cch ng n, l yu t dn n gic

ng [nh gic chi]

37. Tm bnh ng mt cch ng n, l yu t dn n gic

ng [X gic chi]

Ba mi by phm tro lni dung ca phng php tu

da theo T diu , v cng l ni dung ca truyn thng Pht

gio Pa-li. Pht gio Pa-li c thc xem l nn mng ca tonb Pht php. y l bnh xe chnh php Pht chuyn trong thi

ku tin.

i Anh ng l right aspiration, chnh nguyn , cn "trch php" l suyxt.


MI HAI DUYN KHI

Lut nhn qu l nn tng chi phi T diu : T diu chnh

l biu hin ca nhn qu. Mi tng quan gia bn chn l [Tdiu ] c Pht gii thch qua mi hai duyn khi ( 3).

Mi hai duyn khi l gio php da trn nhn nh sau y: tt

c mi hin tng mi kinh nghim, s vt hay s kin u

sinh ra t khi tp hp ca nhiu nguyn nhn v hon cnh khc

nhau. Cn phi hiu tht r gio php ny, v y l nn tng ca

tnh khng Pht dy, m tnh khng li l ni dung ca TmKinh. Mi hai duyn khi gm c:

1. V minh [m qung]

2. Hnh [hot ng]

3. Thc [nghip thc]

4. Danh sc [tp hp tm l vt l]

5. Lc nhp [su gic quan sinh hot vi su i tng]

6. Xc [giao tip]

7. Th [cm gic]

8. i [lu luyn]

9. Th [bm vu]

10. Hu [hin hu]

11. Sanh [sinh ra]

12. Lo t [gi v cht]

Chu k nhn duyn i t vng xch u tin (v minh) n

vng xch cui cng (gi v cht) l qu trnh lun chuyn ca

i sng nhim bt gic. Nu nhn t kha cnh chm dt hin

tng nhim, chu k nhn duyn thay v quay xui theo dngto tc, tr li quay ngc, bt u bng chm dt gi v cht,


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3 cn bn pht gio 49 50


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3. cn bn pht gio 49

khngi vn l phng php loi b phin no trc ti p nht.

Bc vo giai on cui cng, Pht t loi b tt c mi phin

no v tp kh phin no cn st li, khin khng cn cht mmmng nh nhoi no c th khin phin no pht sinh trong tng

lai.

Ni tm li, v minh l nn tng ca mi phin no, v phin

no nht nh s dn n kh au. V minh v phin no l

nguyn nhn ca kh [Tp ], nhng g v minh v phin no

mang n, chnh l kh [Kh]. Tu gic tnh khng, lng tu thot kh [o ], v sau ht, gii thot nhTu gic

y, l s dit kh chn chnh [Dit ].

i Tu gic tnh khng: cn gi l Khng Tu.

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Chng 4

Pht gio i tha

I THAMun hiu Tm Kinh cho thu o, chng ta cn xc nh ch

ng ca Tm Kinh trong ton b kinh in Pht gio. Tm Kinh

thuc hBt nh, l kinh i tha thun ty. H kinh Bt nh l

nn tng ca thi k chuyn bnh xe chnh php th hai, ni

dung ca gio l i tha c Pht thuyt trn nh Linh thu.

Trong thi k chuyn bnh xe chnh php th nht, Pht nhnmnh v kh v s chm dt ca kh. Trong thi k chuyn

bnh xe chnh php th hai, Pht thuyt v tnh khng.

i tha cn mt s gio thuyt thuc v thi k chuyn

bnh xe chnh php th ba. Bao gm hai thnh phn chnh: lun

gii cc b kinh Bt nh v gio thuyt v Pht tnh (ting Phn

gi l Tathagatha-garbhai). V h kinh Bt nh nhn mnh vtnh khng, nn lun gii ca thi k chuyn bnh xe chnh php

th ba ch yu dnh cho nhng ngi tuy c khuynh hng i

tha nhng cha cn c nghe ging v tnh khng. Nu

cc v ny chp vo ngn t trc khi thm nhp tht ca Pht,

i Tathagathagarbha dch st ngha l Nh Lai Tng. Bn ting Anhdng ch buddha nature (Pht tnh) dch ngha ch ny.


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4. pht gio i tha 57 58


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i tha khng phi do c Pht lch s dy cho i chng,

khng th tip cn bng quan nim th tc thng thng.

Ngoi ra, kinh i tha tm vc nh h kinh Bt nh c thchc Pht thuyt cho mt s t m Pht thy cn cv

kh nng ti p nhn. iu ny ph hp vi cu khng nh

thng thy trong Pht gio, l c Pht vn dng nhiu phng

tin khc nhau gio ha ty theo trnh tm l vt l ca

chng sinh.

Vy gio php i tha c lc Pht truyn li trong bicnh hon ton vt thot mi khi nim hiu bit thng thng

v khng gian v thi gian. C thy nh vy mi hiu c

ngun gc kinh i tha v ngun gc ca Tm Kinh.

Chng 5

Gii thot khau

KHAU V TBI

D ngun gc lch s v qu trnh tin ha ca i tha c nhth no, Pht gio i tha chc chn l con ng nhm vo s

gii thot ton th chng sinh. Pht t bc vo i tha l nhp

gia nh b tt. Bt c mt ai trn ng tu m pht khi c

lng t bi chn chnh cng u c nh vy. Lng t bi d

nhin c nhiu mc , mc cao nht, lng t bi c kh

nng a qu vn bgii thot. Hy th nhn li xem t bichn chnh ni y, tht ra l ngha g.

Theo quan im Pht gio, t bi l mt nguyn vng, mt

trng hung tm thc mun ngi khc thot kh. Nhng

nguyn vng ny khng thng, khng phi ch l thi cm

thng sung, m l c mt tm lng v tha tch cc, n lc khng

ngng a chng sinh thot khi khau. T bi trong sngphi hi c hai yu t tr tu v t tm. Ni cch khc, phi

hiu tht r kh l g ( l tr tu), ng thi phi c c kh

nng gn gi thng cm vi tt c mi loi chng sinh ( l t

tm). Hy th xt k hn v hai kha cnh ny ca lng t bi.

Da theo li c Pht dy, khau m ta mun chng sinh

thot khi c ba mc khc nhau. Mc u tin bao gm tt


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5. gii thot kh au 63 64


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thi k chuyn bnh xe chnh php trc l nn tng ca thi k

sau v thi k sau ly li ni dung ca thi k trc khai trin

su rng hn.

Hiu nh vy s thy Pht gio Ty Tng bao gm ton b

Pht php, gi trn tinh ty ca Pht gio Nguyn thy, i tha

v Kim cang tha. Cn thc rng Pht gio Nguyn thy ca

tng kinh Pa-li chnh l nn tng ca ton b Pht php. Phi bt

u t, ha may mi c thn c vi tu gic c gii

thch cn k trong tng kinh ting Phn ca i tha. Ri cuicng, phi hp vi phng php hnh tr v tri kin c trong

Kim cang tha s gip cho tu gic ngy cng thm su rng.

Cn c t cho mnh l Pht t i tha nhng li khng cht cn

bn no v Pht gio Nguyn thy trong tng kinh Pa-li th tht

chng c ngha g (10).

Mt khi hiu c v tr ca tng h thng kinh in v luntng, Pht t s cn khng mt th gi chy theo nhng tranh

chp h vng gia i tha v Tiu tha (Hinayana). Mt

s Pht t i tha c khuynh hng ng tic l xem thng

ch trch Pht gio Nguyn thy [Theravada], cho rng y ch l

li ging ca c xe thp km, khng thch hp vi trnh ca

mnh. Tng t nh vy, nhiu Pht t theo tng kinh Pa-li li ckhuynh hng ph nhn kinh in i tha, cho rng y khng

phi li Pht dy. By gichng ta ang chun b bc vo Tm

Kinh, iu quan trng phi hiu cho tht r, l cc truyn thng

Pht gio ni trn b xung cho nhau ra sao, lm sao cho mi

ngi trong chng ta c th mang tt c nhng gio php tinh ty

v kt hp thnh mt ng tu nht qun.

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Phn II

Bt Nh Tm Kinh

[Ghi ch: Tm Kinh y dch theo bn Anh ng , tham khovi bn dch v bn hi dch ca Ha Thng Thch Tr

Quang. Thut ngc trong Tm kinh c dch ra ting Vitphn ghi ch cui mi trang.

Xin c thm bn Vit dch ca HT Tr Quang, cHT Tr Th,TS Nht Hnh, v cHT Thin Hoa trong phn Ph Lc.

Tm Kinh dch ngha

Pht Mu Tn Knh, Tri Tim ca Bt nh ba la mta (11)

Phn ng: Bhagavati Prajna Paramita Hridaya.

(Phm thnht) (12)

Ti nghe nhvy:

Mt thi c Th tn thnh Vng x trn nh Linhthu, cng vi rt nhiu vi t kheo v i b tt. Vo

lc by gic Th tn nhp chnh nh cnh gii thmthm. Cng vo lc by gi, i b tt Quan TTi thmnhp php tu Bt nh ba la mt a su xa, thy nm uniu khng ttnh.

i Nm un, cn gi l ngm, ng un, l nm hp th: sc th tnghnh thc.


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Chnh van tm kinh 69 70


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ba la mt a, phi nn hnh tr ng nhng ni. Tu ngnhvy th chNhlai su hoan h.

Nghe li c Th tn dy, tn gi X Li Pht, i b ttQuan TTi cng ton th chthin, nhn loi, a tu la vcn tht b, tt cu hoan h, tin tng, tip nhn vknh cn thc hnh.

Chng 6

Khai kinh

H KINH BT NH

Thng nghe ni Pht php c tt c tm vn bn ngn b kinh,

tng ng vi tm vn bn ngn php mn Pht dy p

ng vi trnh s thch a dng ca chng sinh. H kinh Bt

nh, ting Phn l Prajnaparamita, l h kinh quan trng hng

u trong kho tng kinh in Pht gio. H Bt nh thuc h kinh

ting Phn, v Tm Kinh nm trong h Bt nh. Kinh thuc hBt nh nhn mnh v hnh nh ca v b tt, mu ngi l

tng trong Pht gio i tha, l ngi mang ch nguyn gii

thot ton th chng sinh. H kinh Bt nh pht trin phong ph

nhiu nc, trong c Trung hoa v Ty Tng; t Trung hoa

truyn sang cc nc ln cn nh Nht Bn, i Hn v Vit

Nam; t Ty Tng truyn sang Mng C, cc min xuyn Hy MLp Sn v nhiu vng x Nga. Bt cu Tm Kinh cng gi

a v trng yu, thng c c tng hng ngy.

Trong chng trnh hc ti cc tu vin Pht gio Ty Tng,

Bt nh l mt b mn rt quan trng. Tng sphi b ra trung

bnh t nm n by nm tu hc kinh sch Bt nh. Ngoi ra

cn phi hc nhiu b lun v kinh Bt nh. C t nht l hai


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8. ni dung thuyt v ng 101

l th hai gii thch v nhn qu trong qu trnh hnh thnh i

102


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l th hai gii thch v nhn qu trong qu trnh hnh thnh i

sng v minhi.

3. Mi hin tngu l khng v khng tcnh l th ba ni rng mi hin tng - mi s hay vt -

u khng c t tnh. y l cu khng nh v tnh khng in

hnh trong Pht gio, sc gii thch su rng y v cn

hiu r cu khng nh ny mi c th hiu c Tm Kinh.

Hy nhc li ngn gn nhng g ni: mi hin tng, k

c ci ti, u khng c t tnh; tuy vy v-minh-cn-bn khin

chng ta gn ghp t tnh vo . Vy v-minh-cn-bn khng

phi l trng thi khng bit, m chnh l bit m bit sai. Trong

trng thi bit sai ny, chng ta nhn thc s vt hon ton tri

tri ngc vi chn thc ti. Chn thc ti ny cng hin l, v

minh cng gim. Chn thc ti hin cng r bao nhiu, thc

nhn bit v minh l h vng li cng mnh thm by nhiu.

4. Nit bn l an lc chn chnhNu trong nh chng ta nhn din c tnh cht mo m ca

tm h vng, chng sc thao tng ca tm h vng t nhin

s gim dn: chng ta bt u c kh nng vt thot ci nhn sai

lch ca chnh mnh. Gii thot ton din ra khi v minh chp

s vt c t tnh mi c gi l hnh phc lu bn, mi ch

tht l an lc, l gii thot chn chnh.

i V vy m c khi ch ni Tam Php n: V thng, V ng, Nit bn.

Chng 9

Lun v khng bt nh

NHN V NG V PHP V NG

Trc khi tr li Tm Kinh, hy th tm hiu thuyt v ng qua

kin gii ca nhiu b phi khc nhau trong Pht gio tm

hiu su hn ngha ca tnh khng trnh by trong Tm Kinh.

Nh ni, tng phi Pht gio no cng cng nhn thuyt v

ng, nhng mi tng phi li c mi cch nhn khc nhau v ni

dung ca v ng. Chng trnh o to tng ni Ty Tng c

ring mt b mn trnh by cc kin gii khc nhau v v ngi

(ting Tng gi l druptha). Mi quan im trit l v v ng

c qui np thnh bn tng phi ln thi n c, xp hng t

th ti t theo th t nh sau: T b sa b [Vaibhashika], Kinh

lng b [Sautrantika], Duy thc [Chittamatra] v Trung qun

[Madhyamaka].Pht gio Ty Tng ni chung da trn nn tng ca Trung

qun, l kin gii v v ng vi t nht. Qu v c th thc mc

vy sao cn tn cng tm hiu v cc b phi khc. Lm nh vy

c li ch g i vi mc ch gii thot gic ng? Mun dit

i Anh ng: tenets


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9. lun v khng bt nh 115

Th ni rng cc hin tng ty duyn m thnh. Ba h trit l

i i i h h d l h h


iu ng ni y, nu s vt hon ton khng hin hu,

l d h l i d h h i h


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ngoi Trung qun gii thch ty duyn l ty thuc vo nhn

v duyn, nhng i vi Trung qun C duyn th ty duyn

ch yu l ty thuc vo khi nim lp danhi [l gi danh].Kin gii ny ca Trung qun khng i ngc vi kinh Pht.

Trong V Nhit No Vn Kinhii c on ni rng tt c nhng g

ty vo duyn t bn ngoi m sinh ra th chnh s sinh

khng th c t tnh. Kinh y ni:

Tduyn sinh ra, y l khng sinhV ssinh ra vn khng ttnh

Sno ty duyn, sy l khng

Ai bit nhvy slun thanh tnh (22)

Kinh T p Luniii (Sutrasamuccaya) ca ngi Long Th c

nhng cu tng t, cng nh Tp B Tt Hc Luniv

(Shiksasamurcaya) ca ngi Tch Thin. , trong chng Trtu, ngi Tch Thin c trch dn nhiu kinh in, ph nhn khi

nim t tnh ca tt c mi h thng phn loiv th gii hin

tng, tng t nh cch trnh by ca Tm Kinh. Ngi Tch

Thin kt lun rng tt c nhng g c din t trong cc h

thng phn loi phc tp ca th gii hin tng tht ra chn

thun l tn gi.

i Anh ng: conceptual designation of a subject.ii Anh ng: Questions of Anavatapta Anavatapta l h V Nhit No,cng l tn ca v Long thn sng trong h, tr thnh b tt.iii Anh ng: Compendiom of Sutras.iv

Anh ng: Compendium of Deeds.v Anh ng: taxonomy.

vy v l do g Tm Kinh li nu ra c mt danh sch vi nhng

iu nh nm un, ba mi by phm tro. Nu thuyt tnh

khng ph nhn hin hu ca mi hin tng, vy nu ra tngmn mt khng phi l vic lm v ch lm sao? iu ny cho

thy s vt hin hu, nhng khng c t tnh. S hin hu ny

ch c th hiu qua ngha duyn sinh.

Theo Trung qun C duyn, tt c mi hin tng u khng

c du vt no ca t tnh. Hiu c tnh khng nh vy, vng

tm chp ng s gin d mt ht mi cs, khng th pht sinh.

Vi kha cnh thit thc y, kin gii v tnh khng ca Trung

qun C duyn c thc xem l kin gii vi t v chnh xc

nht ca thuyt v ng Pht dy.


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10. nh tht tri kin 137

HOAN H, TN TH, PHNG HNH

u Tm Kinh, ngi X Li Pht t mt cu hi. Cu tr li ca


xc su xa c by t trong li tn dng Pht ca Lama Tng

Khch Ba [Tsongkhapa]. Vi hnh gi v i hc gi ca th


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B tt Quan T Ti chm dt bng mt ch ca Tm Kinh. Vy

ngang y ni dung chnh ca Tm Kinh hon tt. Cn li lphn hon kinh, thng thy trong loi kinh Pht t thuyt.

By gi, c Th tn tchnh nh trra, tn dng ib tt Quan T Ti, ni rng: Tt lm! Tt lm! thinnam t, ng l nhvy, nn l nhvy. i vi Bt nhba la mt a, phi nn hnh tr ng nhng ni. Tu ng

nhvy th chNhlai su hoan h.

Tu kinh c Pht vn ngi nhp chnh nh. Khng cn

tc , Pht truyn lc gia tr cho B tt Quan T Ti v Tn gi

X Li Pht i p vi nhau nh thy. Khi cuc i p

chm dt, Pht khng nh nhng g B tt Quan T Ti va ni

l chnh xc. Li khng nh ny cho thy chnh nh c Pht

nhp vo l s phi hp bt nh gia i nh thm nhp tnh

khng v tr ton gic bit r s chuyn bin khng ngng ca

th gii hin tng. Ni cch khc l s phi hp bt nh gia

Chn v Tc . Kh nng trong cng mt nim bit c

cnh gii ca Chn v Tc , ch Tr Pht mi c.

Tm Kinh kt thc nh sau:Nghe xong li c Th tn dy, tn gi X Li Pht, i btt Quan TTi, cng ton th chthin, nhn loi, a tu lav cn tht b, tt cu hoan h, tin tng, tip nhn vknh cn thc hnh.

Ch khi no tha thit mun thm nhp ngha thm diu ca

cun kinh tm vc cTm Kinh, ha may c th hiu c cm

k th 14 ny, t trong gic ng thm su nht, vit ra nhng

dng sau y ni ln lng cm kch bit n v hn i vi liPht dy v chn l tuyt su ca tnh khng:

Mi khi nhli Pht dy,

nghny li hin trong ti:

ng bn s, gia vng ho quang sng

Ta rng ngi mi tng ho Pht

dng php m vi diu,

Thuyt ging gio php ny.

nh Pht hin trong ti

An i tri tim mn hao mt mi

Nhnh trng thanh mtXoa du ci nng kh. (28)

139 140

Chng 12


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Phn III

ng i Ca B Tt

Pht tm b

CON NG CHUYN HA TUN T

Mun luyn tm cho thun, t chng ng su xa, cn phi

tri qua qu trnh tun t chuyn ha tm thc. Chuyn ha theo

qu trnh tun t l iu thng thy trong th gii vt l v tm

l. C th ni tin trin tun t l lut t nhin, l kt qung

nhin ca nhn qu. Trn lnh vc tm thc, qu trnh chuyn

ha tun t cn c thc hin trn cn bn ca s hp nht gia

phng tin (upaya) v tr tu (prajna). Chng ta va mi c

xong Tm Kinh. l li ging tuyt ho v tr tu. By gihy

th tm hiu thm v phng tin, nht l v phng php pht

trin lng t bi.

Tr bt nh nu c tm b h tr s c kh nng ha

gii hai loi chng ngi l phin no chng v chng ngi vi

t ca tr gic [s tri chng]. Tm b l tm nguyn v tha,

cu gic ng mang li ch n cho tt c chng sinh. y lphn phng tin ca con ng tu chng, l yu t quan trng

khng th thiu t tr ton gic ca Pht. C th ni tm b

l c im ca b tt, ca nhng ngi m Tm Kinh gi l

thin nam, thin n.

D hiu tnh khng mt cch ng n su xa, d gii

thot lun hi, nu thiu tm b th vn cha phi l b tt.


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149

Kt


phong ph, trong c c nim tin Pht php, n ngy nay vn

cn cc k sng ng.Thi gian tri qua, nhiu l tng, nhiu h thng t duy


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Trong ln ging Tm Kinh ny, u mi bui ging ti u

may mn c nghe nhiu truyn thng Pht gio khc nhau

tng Tm Kinh. Xt theo lch s, truyn thng Pht gio Tchlan v cc vng ng Nam l truyn thng Pht gio sm

nht, lu gi gio php ca Pht trong tng kinh Pa-li. Sau ,

ti li c nghe cc v tng ni Trung quc tng Tm Kinh.

Truyn thng Pht gio Trung quc ch yu da vo tng kinh

ting Hoa, v cng c mt phn ting Pa-li. Sau l li tng

Tm Kinh ca cc v tng ni Vit Nam. Nhng truyn thng Pht

gio ny u c trc truyn thng Ty Tng, v vy m cui

cng l li tng Tm Kinh theo ting Ty Tng.

Ti v cng xc ng c c mt y hm nay, tham d

vo dp may qu bu ny, cng ngi vi cc i din ca nhiu

truyn thng Pht gio khc nhau, tt cu l t ca cBn s Thch Ca Mu Ni, cng tng kinh vi nhau. Xin ni

thm, xt theo lch s th Pht gio tng l quc gio ca

Trung quc. Li tng kinh ting Hoa ni ln nguyn vng tn

gio ca hng triu ngi trn mnh t y, vn gi lng tin ni

Pht php. Trong vi chc nm qua, Pht php t nc vi

y phi chu h hi ln lao. Tuy vy, nn vn ha Trung hoa

Thi gian tri qua, nhiu l tng, nhiu h thng t duy

ph sn, nhng gi tr ca Pht gio v ca nhiu tn gio lnkhc vn cn tn ti trong x hi, sng ngay gia tri tim con

ngi. Ti thy y l nim hy vng ln ca i gia nh nhn

loi, v tn gio l cha kha dn n mt x hi cng bng hn,

ha bnh hn, cho th h tng lai. Nguyn cho kha cnh trong

sng tt p ny ca tn gio s gip tm con ngi thng hoa.

Nguyn tn gio khng bao gicn b lm dng thnh nguynnhn dn n bt ha tranh chp, m ch mang li tm lng thng

cm, tng kt gia tt c nhng ai ang cng nhau c tr trn

ci a cu. Nhn lc tinh tn ca tng c nhn, nguyn mi

ngi trong chng ta u c kh nng bo v nim an lc

chung cho tt c.

[HT PHN GING PHP CA C ALAI LAMA]

151

Ph Lc 1

Gii thch ngha ca ngn t -


CHNH VN TM KINHPhn th ba [ni dung Tm Kinh] gm hai on:

I. Phn mu, ni v duyn khi ca Tm Kinh.


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Gii thch ngha ca ngn t

lun gii v Bt Nh Tm Kinh (31)Jamyang Gawai Lodro (1429-1503)

Xin lu , trong phn Ph Lc ny, tt c nhng ghi ch ttrong ngoc vung [ ] u n tnguyn bn Anh ng.

Thnh knh nh l gt sen c Vn Th B TtCon xin tn dng / c Pht Th tn / ngi dy rng, /

ng tu gic ng / ch mt, khng hai; / Ch Pht miphng / cng tt c nhng / ngi con ca Pht / u

cng bc trn / con ng tu y.Tn dng Pht ri, / nay ti xin tha / t li ngn gn / giithch ngha / Tinh Ty Bt Nh: / kho tng trn qu /nht trong Pht php.

y, li ging v Tri tim Bt nh gm bn phn:1. ngha ca u

2. Li tn dng ca dch gi3. Ni dung Tm Kinh4. Kt lunPhn u l cu Trong Phn t... vn vn. Phn ny d

hiu. Phn th hai, [li tn dng ca dch gi] l cu Tndng Pht mu tn knh, l Bt nh ba la mt a. Cu ny dchgi thm vo.

II. Ni dung ca chnh vn Tm Kinh

KHAI KINH

Phn mu c hai:A. Khai kinh theo bi cnh bnh thngB. Khai kinh theo bi cnh phi thngPhn u [Khai kinh theo bi cnh bnh thng] nhc n

bn yu tton ho: Ti nghe nh vy l yu t ton ho linquan n thi gian ; c Th Tn l yu t ton ho lin quann ng o s ging php ; ni thnh Vng x trn nhLinh thu l yu t ton ho lin quan n khng gian ; vcng vi rt nhiu vi t kheo... b tt l yu t ton holin quan n c ta nghe php. iu ny d hiu.

Phn sau [Khai kinh theo bi cnh phi thng] c ni ti

trong hai on kinh sau y by gic Th Tn nhp chnhnh cnh gii thm thm", v cng vo lc by gi, i b ttQuan T Ti thm nhp php tu Bt nh ba la mt a su xa,thy c nm un u khng c t tnh. c Pht nhp chnhnh, gia tr cho cuc hi p tip theo sau.

NI DUNG TM KINH

Ni dung ca Tm Kinh, l gio php ton ho, gm bn phn:A. Cu hi ca tn gi X Li Pht v phng php hnh tr

Bt nh ba la mt aB. Cu tr li ca B tt Quan T TiC. Pht xc nhn cu tr li ca B tt Quan T Ti l chnh

xc.


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Ph lc 1. Lun Gii ca Ngi Jamjang Gaway Lodro 161

L kh nng tuyt bcCa c Phto S.

Nay ti xin noi theoGt chn ng t ph

162

Ph Lc 2

Vi bn dch Tm Kinh


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Gt chn ng tph

Xin quay vnng daNi cc ng Thin TniNguyn tip tc vui cngDuyn lnh dphp hiH tr cho Pht php (42).

KT

Bi lc gingBt Nh Tm Kinhc php s Jamyang GawaiLodro vit li, da theo lun gii Tm Kinh ca Vimala, trn bitm lc ca Ngok Lekshe, v bn ch gii ngn ca vi hcgi Kamalashila (43). Lun gii ny khng b kin ch quanlm nhim.

Vi nng lc n t tm nguyn trong sng ca tt c nhng ai gp phn thc hin sch ny nh ngi ghi chp l

Ngawang Chogyal t [tu vin] Drepung Loseling, phngPhukhang v tt c nhng ngi gip to iu kin thun tin

nguyn ton th chng sinh nhanh chng t bn thnPht (44).

Sarvamangalam![n y chm dt bi ging ca ngi Jamyang Gawai Lodro]

i Anh ng: meditation deities

V b dc

Tm Kinh bn ting Anh

The Blessed Mother, the Heart of the Perfection of WisdomIN SANSKRIT: Bhagavati Prajna Paramita Hridaya[This is the first segment.] 12

THUS HAVE I ONCE HEARD:

The Blessed One was staying in Rajgriha at Vulture Peak

along with a great community of monks and a great com-munityof bodhisattvas, and at that time, the Blessed One entered themeditative absorption on the varieties of phe-nomena called theappearance of the profound. At that time as well, the nobleAvalokiteshvara, the bodhisattva, the great being, clearly beheldthe practice of the pro-found perfection of wisdom itself and sawthat even the five aggregates are empty of intrinsic existence.

Thereupon, through the Buddhas inspiration, the venerableShariputra spoke to the noble Avalokiteshvara, the bodhisattva,the great bei ng, and said, How should any noble son or nobledaughter who wishes to engage in the practice of the profound

perfection of wisdom train?When this had been said, the holy Avalokiteshvara, the

bodhisattva, the great being, spoke to the venerable Shariputra


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Ch Gii t nguyn bn ting Anh 177

khng; khng tc l sc. Khng chng khc sc, sc cng chng khckhng.(35) Tc phm ny trong Tengyur [kho Lun tng ting Ty Tng] ghi

l f h f d ll l d b k


chiu. Tm thi ti sa cu cht thnh nam yang ngoms pa med paidpal thob shog.(43) Beijing 5221. Tc gi ca danh mc Derge [i tng kinh Tng

l h h l i i h hi b i l


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l An Exposition of the Heart of Wisdom Well Explained by LekpaiSherap on the Basis of Supplication to the Master DipamkaraShrijnana [Trnh by Tm Kinh, kho gii thch bi Lekpai Sherap datrn cn bn ca li khn nguyn ln v thy Dipamkara Shrijnana],Beijing 5222, Tohoku 3823.(36) Lun gii ca Vimalamitra, nguyn ta l: Extensive

Exposition of the Heart of the Perfection of Wisdom in Eight Points[Trnh By Cn KTri Tim Bt Nh Ba La Mta qua Tm im],Beijing 5217, Tohoku 3818.(37) Trong bn ting Tng, nhiu ln cu mnyam gzhag dei gzigs ngor(tm nhn ti nh) chp sai thnh mnyam gzhag de'i gzugs kyi ngor(hnh tng ca sc tng ca i nh), l mt cu hnh nh khng cngha g c.(38) y c l l v thy dng Sakya tn Rongtn Shakya Gyaltsen(1367-1449). Ti n nay vn cha kim ra c bn lun gii Tm

Kinh ca ngi Rongtn.(39) V tr nit bn l danh t dng ch nit bn gic ng vinmn ca Pht. Gi nh vy v nit bn ny khng tr hai cc oan lv minh lun hi v nit bn gic ng ca an lc c nhn.(40) l (1) tm vi, ngha l tm b ca Pht, (2) gii thotvi, ngha l gii thot khi chp nhn ng v chp php ng, v (3)thnh tu vi, ngha l tr ton gic ca Pht , tch la mi nhim. Hin Qun Trang Nghim Lun [Ornament of Clear

Realizations] ca ngi Di Lc gi ba s vi ny l ba mc tiu vi (ched du bya ba chen po gsum).(41) Bch Lin Hoa Th hay l Bc cm a sen trng trong tay, lB Tt Quan T Ti.(42) Trong nguyn vn ting Ty Tng, cu cht ca bi tng ny lnam yang ngoms pa med pai bshes gnyen dag. Nu ng, phi cthm t nht l mt bi tng khc theo sau, bng khng cu ny chc

chn chp sai. iu ny kh bit, tr phi tm c n bn khc i

ng] l Zhuchen Tsultrim Rinchen ghi bi vn ny c xem l caKalamashila.(44) y c l l cu ghi ch ca ngi chp bi vn ny, l vi sca Drepung tn l Ngawang Chgyal. Tic thay i s li khng ghir chp bi vn ny li tn bn no, mt chi tit rt qu gi chongi i sau.

Tinh tuy Bat nha Tam Kinh

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