Time Maps of Human Spaceflight:...

AIAA SPACE 2009 Conference & Exposition 14 - 17 September 2009, Pasadena, California AIAA-2009-6412

American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics

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Time Maps of Human Spaceflight: 1959-1961

Thomas Gangale* OPS-Alaska, Petaluma, California, 94952

The conventional Gantt schedule chart is designed primarily for the purpose of displaying the current planning of activities on a program. It is not well suited to depicting the ebb and flow of events in the life of a program as a variety of forces influence the project over time. In reality, such a chart contains only one dimension of time: that momentary vision of the future that exists in the collective mind of the program management. By adding a dimension—that of historical time—the evolution of management's view of the future can be displayed. Furthermore, in this new two-dimensional environment, important trend information becomes visible and quantifiable for the first time, enabling managers to make better-informed judgments concerning the credibility of the current program schedule. The two-dimensional time format liberates us from the conventional perception of time as being linear and unidirectional, and allows us to see time in its two distinct components. One axis of time is the past—the domain of deeds already done. The other element of time is the future, which exists in the separate dimension of human imagination and planning. Together they form the surface of time, and it is only on this two-dimensional surface that our journey between the past and the future can be properly mapped out.

“Atlas of an Undiscovered Country” is a project to map the entire scheduling history of human spaceflight. In this paper, time maps of the scheduling history of human space missions during the 1959-1961 period are presented.

Nomenclature ♀ = Venus ⊕ = Earth ♂ = Mars AAg = Apollo Atlas Agena AAt = Apollo Atlas AC = Apollo Atlas Centaur AS-100 = Apollo Saturn C-1 AS-200 = Apollo Saturn C-2 AS-400 = Apollo Saturn C-4 AN-800 = Apollo Nova DA = Direct Ascent DS = Dyna Soar EOR + Earth Orbit Rendezvous GATV = Gemini Agena Target Vehicle GCTV = Gemini Centaur Target Vehicle GLM = Gemini Lunar Module GT = Gemini Titan GS = Gemini Saturn C-3 LOR = Lunar Orbit Rendezvous

* Executive Director, AIAA Professional Member. Copyright © 2009 by Thomas Gangale. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., with permission.


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MA = Mercury Atlas MJ = Mercury Jupiter MOI = Mars Orbit Insertion MOL = Manned Orbiting Laboratory MORAD = Manned Orbital Rendezvous and Docking MR = Mercury Redstone TMK = Тяжелый Межпланетный Корабль (Heavy Interplanetary Complex) MSTO = Mars Surface Takeoff SA = Saturn C-1 Apollo SAINT = Satellite Interceptor STS = Space Transportation System TEI = Trans-Earth Injection TMI = Trans-Mars Injection TVI = Trans-Venus Injection

I. Introduction offer a toast. The undiscovered country...the future.

Chancellor Gorkon, Klingon Empire Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country The time map methodology used in the “Atlas of an Undiscovered Country” is described in AIAA-2007-6073. 1

As of 1 July 2009, 274 human space missions have flown. Meanwhile, the Atlas project has captured approximately 22,000 data points on 4,683 manned missions and 1,387 human-related precursor and support missions. A broad-category breakdown is provided in Table 1.

An overview map of the entire research project is provided in Appendix 1. The intention is to present three papers per year, each covering a 3-year period, at AIAA symposia. At that rate, the 60-year history of human spaceflight planning will be presented in the course of the next 7 years. The total time area of the project is about 850 square years, and the average depth of scheduling is about 16 years. The color scheme in Appendix 1 organizes the atlas into schedule bands of eight years. It is expected that as the data becomes more complete, it will show that at nearly ever point in historical time, the schedule for at least one manned space program forecasts missions out to at least 8 years in the future. Also, it is not uncommon for years to contain schedules that project out to 16 years in the future; however, almost none of the missions in the 9- to 16-year band persist long enough to enter the one- to 8-year band, much less make their way to the diagonal event horizon, where future and past meet in that fleeting moment called the present, and missions are actually launched. Often the missions beyond the first 8-year band are manned lunar and planetary missions. In particular, human missions to Mars are a persistent component of long-range planning where such planning exists at all.

This paper presents the current state of research on the scheduling history of human and human-related space missions for the years 1959-1961. A companion to this paper, presented at this same conference, covers the years 1956-1958. 2

II. Discussion of the Data Detailed maps of the data for the 1959-1961 period are provided in Appendix 2. Each spacecraft/launch vehicle

combination is depicted in distinctive colors, with cool colors representing manned missions and warm colors representing unmanned missions.

A. X-20 Dyna-Soar The first known detailed X-20 Dyna-Soar schedule appeared in November 1959. 3 At this time, the hypersonic

glider program called for the first unmanned suborbital mission on a Titan I launch vehicle in July 1963. The first piloted suborbital mission, Dyna-Soar 9, was slated for May 1964 and ending with Dyna-Soar 18. In the second phase of the program, unmanned orbital missions launched on Titan II/Centaur vehicles would have been conducted in the second quarter of 1965. Manned flights would have transitioned to orbital operations with Dyna-Soar 19 in August 1965, ending a year later with Dyna-Soar 25.

Only five months later, in April 1960, the schedule had slipped steeply. 4 Although the initial unmanned suborbital flight had slipped four months to November 1963, the entire program was stretched out, even with the

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elimination of some flights. The cancellation of the three final unmanned suborbital missions made Dyna-Soar 6 the first piloted suborbital mission, yet it was slipped six months to November 1964 from its previous launch date. The unmanned mission cancellations allowed the insertion of three manned suborbital flights. The first unmanned orbital mission slipped 10 months to February 1966, the first manned orbital mission, still Dyna-Soar 19, slipped 17 months to January 1967, and the final mission, Dyna-Soar 24, pushed out 19 months to April 1968.

By November 1960, the program schedule showed significant improvements, with the first unmanned suborbital launch pulling up one month to October 1963, and due primarily to the deletion of three unmanned flights, the first manned suborbital mission, now Dyna-Soar 3, was pulled up nine months February 1964. 5 Three additional manned suborbital flights replaced the deleted unmanned missions, bridging what otherwise would have been a gap between suborbital and orbital piloted missions Dyna-Soar 19 to Dyna-Soar 24, which were little changed from the April 1960 schedule.

In February 1961, the growing design weight of the Dyna-Soar spacecraft forced the abandonment of the Titan I suborbital phase of the program; the Titan II became the new launch vehicle for the suborbital missions, and in the transition, the first unmanned flight dropped back 13 months to November 1964, and the first piloted mission is delayed 17 months to July 1965. 6 The program anticipated making up for lost time by compressing the schedule to a launch rate of one mission per month, and as a result, the final suborbital mission was scheduled only a month later than on the earlier November 1960 schedule. The orbital program exhibited no significant schedule changes, with this phase of the program ending in April 1968. Since the Air Force did not announce the switch to the Titan IIIC for orbital missions until November 1961, it is presumed that in the interim these missions remained slated for Titan II/Centaur launches while the impact of the growing weight problem was assessed.

The 26 April 1961 schedule represented a considerable acceleration of the program. 7 All suborbital missions were pulled forward by three months, as was the first unmanned orbital flight. With the elimination of the last four piloted suborbital missions, however, the orbital program, now beginning with Dyna-Soar 15, was pulled forward nine months. Three manned orbital missions were added to the end of the schedule, bringing this phase of the program to an end in April 1968, as in the previous schedule; however, this last mission was now designated Dyna-Soar 23.

By 16 October 1961, the Dyna-Soar program experienced yet another major change as all suborbital flights were deleted. 8 This allowed the first unmanned orbital flight to be pulled forward 11 months to November 1964. Thus, the first unmanned orbital flight was now scheduled five months earlier than had been in November 1959, when it had been slated for the Titan II/Centaur launch vehicle. Similarly, the first piloted orbital mission, now Dyna-Soar 3, was pulled forward 11 months to May 1965. Compensating for the deletion of the suborbital phase, the Dyna Soar program office at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base added a new phase to the program, aimed at developing a satellite interceptor capability, in response to the competitive challenge posed by the USAF Space Systems Division’s SAINT II proposal (see below). An unmanned mission to place a vehicle in high Earth orbit was scheduled for June 1966 as Dyna-Soar 9, to be followed by a series of nine piloted missions from August 1966 to December 1967, ending with Dyna-Soar 18. Such an ambitious redirection of a program whose spacecraft was becoming heavier required yet another launch vehicle change. Although the Air Force did not officially announce the shift to the Titan III until November 1961, it is clear that the Titan II could not have supported low Earth orbital missions, nor the Titan II/Centaur high Earth orbital missions. Thus, the redirected program schedule as announced in October 1961 is best understood as requiring the Titan III for both the low Earth orbit and the high Earth orbit missions.

From its beginning, the Dyna-Soar program was intended to evolve into an operational system; thus the missions outlined for the developmental phases were to have been followed by routinely-scheduled missions of the operational system for training purposes, as well as launch-on-need missions to perform reconnaissance or satellite inspection, or even to deliver bombs to surface targets. However, the cost of any operational system requiring the Titan IIIC launcher would have been huge compared to the original concept of a system based on the Titan II. Therefore, the idea of an operational system was punted to an indefinite future, and the Dyna-Soar effort was repackaged as a research program.

B. SAINT II On 29 May 1961, the USAF Space Systems Division proposed a manned follow-on to its unmanned SAINT

system. 9, 10 The SAINT II spacecraft would have been based on the SV-5 lifting body airframe shape in development for the subscale X-23 reentry vehicle and the X-24A piloted test aircraft, and would have been launched on a Titan II with a liquid fluorine/hydrazine third stage called Chariot. The lifting body design was seen as more efficient for spaceflight than the winged Dyna-Soar since the latter’s heavy wings were useless except during approach and landing, dead weight that otherwise could have been devoted to increasing the spacecraft’s


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crew size, altitude, or endurance. The SAINT II proposal called for three unmanned launches three months apart beginning in the first quarter of 1964, and 12 quarterly manned missions beginning in the last quarter of 1964. However, the Dyna-Soar program had been in motion since the mid-1950s and it may be that it had too much institutional inertia behind it, both in the Pentagon and on Capitol Hill, to be supplanted by an upstart concept. On the other hand, some sources speculate whether the project went “deep black” and that spacecraft were built and flown based on the SV-5 design or later ones such as the FDL-5, FDL-6, FDL-7, or FDL-8.

C. Mercury The first unmanned flight of the Mercury program, Big Joe, occurred in September 1959, and by the end of

1961, the program successfully launched two piloted missions, Mercury Redstone 3 and Mercury Redstone 4, as well as an orbital primate flight in preparation for the first manned orbital mission.

The first known complete schedule for the Mercury program, on 21 March 1959, was very ambitious when compared to how historical events actually played out. 11, 12 The first scheduled unmanned Mercury Redstone flight slipped seven months during a seven-month period, making no progress toward the event horizon, and the subsequent missions of the program slipped correspondingly. The Mercury Redstone 1 mission eventually intercepted the event horizon more than a year later that its originally scheduled date. Mercury Redstone 3, the first manned suborbital mission, initially scheduled for April 1960, also slipped one year in all, and the first manned orbital mission, initially scheduled for September 1960 and eventually flown as Mercury Atlas 6, slipped nearly a year and a half. Other missions, notably the two Mercury Jupiter missions, disappeared entirely, as did half of the planned Mercury Redstone series. This initial vision for the manned Mercury Atlas series was for three short-duration missions beginning with Mercury Atlas 7 (what was then called Mercury Atlas 1 would later be renamed Big Joe, forcing a re-numeration of the series), culminating in one final, long-duration mission of about 1 day on Mercury Atlas 10. As events played out over the next 3 years, despite the intervening addition and deletion of missions, the Mercury program achieved exactly this, albeit more than 2 years late.

By 31 August 1959, the first Mercury Redstone flight had pushed out 4 months in nearly a one-for-one slip; however, it was hoped that the manned series, beginning with Mercury Redstone 3, would only slip by a month, placing that first piloted flight in May 1960, and the last mission, Mercury Redstone 8, in October 1960. 13 The unmanned flights Mercury Jupiter 1 and Mercury Jupiter 2 were deleted. The Mercury Atlas series also suffered severe slippage in the piloted flights, although slippage was less steep for the unmanned precursor missions, as the overall program stretched out 6 months. The first manned mission, now designated Mercury Atlas 6, dropped to March 1961, and the final flight of the program, Mercury Atlas 9, to September 1961.

The 31 October 1959 schedule showed additional severe slippage. 14, 15 When measured against the initial schedule published on 21 March 1959, the first unpiloted Mercury Redstone and Mercury Atlas flights had made absolutely no progress toward the event horizon. Overall, the Mercury Redstone series slipped three months, with Mercury Redstone 3 moving out to August 1960 and Mercury Redstone 8 to January 1961. Despite the 5-month slip of Mercury Atlas 1 to May 1960 from its scheduled date only two months earlier, the unmanned series was compressed to allow the first manned orbital mission to remain on schedule for March 1961. The insertion of a fourth unmanned suborbital mission Mercury Atlas flight give rise to an interesting question, in that it pushed the first piloted mission to Mercury Atlas 7. Since the Mercury Atlas series was fixed at ten launches, the first of which was Big Joe, the final flight of the series was now designated Mercury Atlas 9. Thus, the insertion of an unmanned flight necessitated the deletion of a piloted mission; was the third short-duration mission deleted in order to save the long-duration mission, or was the 1-day mission dropped? The data collected at this time are unclear on this point, but in any case, ultimately both missions flew.

NASA’s 10-year plan, dated 18 December 1959, outlined an expanded Mercury program, with the addition of five flights in FY (fiscal year, then running from 1 July to 30 June) 1962 and one in FY 1963, for a total of six new missions. 16 These would have begun with Mercury Atlas 10 in September 1961 and culminated with Mercury Atlas 15 in July 1962. Since the concept of a 1-day mission existed in the earliest known Mercury schedule, a logical inference is that these added missions were to have been of extended duration.

By April 1960, the first piloted orbital mission, Mercury Atlas 7, had slipped to May 1961. 17, 18 It is assumed that the two succeeding missions were to have flown at 2-month intervals.

The deletion of the manned flight Mercury Redstone 8 appears to have occurred in mid-1960. In July 1960 it was determined that the most likely date for Mercury Redstone 3, the first manned suborbital mission, was 5 December 1960; however, by October 1960, the projected launch date had slipped into January 1961. 19, 20

The 8 August 1960 “Long Range Plan: Manned Space Flight Program” detailed Apollo missions leading to manned circumlunar flights; it also identified 14 Atlas missions during FY 1961-FY 1963 as part of the existing Mercury program (thus ending with Mercury Atlas 14, not Mercury Atlas 15, as shown in the “Ten Year Plan” of 19


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December 1959. 21 However, the 8 August 1960 plan also called for seven flights in FY 1963-FY-1965 to provide “for continuity on manned flights in Mercury capsules between the completion of the basic Mercury Project and the first piloted flights of the advanced spacecraft.” This would have extended flights through calendar year 1964, ending with Mercury Atlas 21.

In September 1960, the third unmanned suborbital Atlas mission, scheduled earlier as Mercury Atlas 3, was deleted, as was the primate suborbital Mercury Atlas 4. 22 The addition of a second primate orbital flight as Mercury Atlas 5 (the first primate orbital flight was then designated Mercury Atlas 4) was briefly considered late in 1960, but did not appear in later planning.

As of 10 January 1961, Mercury Redstone 2 was tracking to a January 1961 launch, while the manned Mercury Redstone 3 mission had slipped into April 1961. The Restone series was scheduled to conclude with Mercury Redstone 7 in October 1961. However, Mercury Atlas 6, the first manned orbital flight, was slated two months earlier in August 1961; if the Mercury Atlas schedule held, the Redstone series might conclude with Mercury Redstone 4.

A Project Apollo planning chart dated 20 January 1961 envisioned 16 extended Mercury missions from mid-1963 through the end of 1965, to increase flight experience within the astronaut corps prior to Apollo manned flights. 23 At this time, the first 1-day mission was slated for Mercury Atlas 9, and consistent with the launch rate for extended missions that appeared in previous document, six additional missions could have been fit into the schedule by the middle of 1963 (there were 151 extended missions in all in the 8 August 1960 schedule). Thus, an additional 16 missions would have brought the Mercury program to a close with Mercury Atlas 31. However, extending the on-orbit endurance of the small Mercury spacecraft was an engineering-intensive proposition, engineering effort perhaps better spend on developing a new spacecraft with extended duration designed into it from the start. The last ten of these 16 extended Mercury missions were subsumed under a concept then called Mercury Mark II, which over the coming months would evolve away from its progenitor. Also incorporated into the Mercury Mark II program was John C. Houbolt’s Manned Orbital Rendezvous and Docking (MORAD) concept for docking a Mercury spacecraft to a small, Scout-launched target vehicle, the purpose of which was to train astronauts to perform rendezvous maneuver that in all probability would be required to carry out lunar landings. The remaining six extended Mercury missions on the 20 January 1961 planning chart remained under consideration as gap-filler missions between the core Mercury program and Mercury Mark II.

Two of the initially-planned six piloted Mercury Redstone missions had already been canceled in mid-1960. Mercury Redstone 6 was canceled following the successful flight of Mercury Redstone 3 on 5 May 1961, and Mercury Redstone 5 was canceled following the flight of Mercury Redstone 4 on 21 July 1961. Project Mercury pushed ahead with orbital missions, flying a late insertion in the schedule, Mercury Atlas 4, in September 1961, and its one primate orbital flight, Mercury Atlas 5, in November 1961. In October 1961, the first manned orbital mission, Mercury Atlas 6, was scheduled to be launched by the end of the year, with two more short-duration missions occurring in February and in April 1962. 24

By December 1961, the first manned orbital mission, Mercury Atlas 6, was imminent. Basic Mercury short-duration missions were to end with Mercury Atlas 8 in April 1962, and a series of six 1-day missions were to be completed in April 1963 with Mercury Atlas 14. 25

D. Gemini NASA considered several concepts under the rubric Mercury Mark II during the first half of 1961, ranging from

a redesign of the single-seat Mercury spacecraft to a growth version of the basic Mercury shape to accommodate a crew of two. Since the Apollo concept had already gelled as a three-seat spacecraft, the logic was compelling in favor of a two-seat evolution from Mercury as a bridge to Apollo. The earliest Mercury Mark II schedule on 14 August 1961 laid out a program of ten missions, seven of which were manned, two of which were slotted as primate flights, and the first of which was neither manned nor aped. 26 The program was to begin with an unmanned orbital mission in March 1963, followed by the first manned orbital flight in May 1963. There were originally only four Atlas Agena docking missions, a concept inherited from Houbolt’s MORAD proposal, the first of which was slotted for November 1963. President John F. Kennedy goal of achieving a manned landing on the Moon had come only three months earlier, and it would be another year before NASA chose between three competing mission modes for achieving that goal. The two better-known modes were Direct Ascent (DA), with one massive launch vehicle boosting a spacecraft directly to the surface of the Moon and back to Earth, and Earth Orbit Rendezvous (EOR), in which two (or possibly more) smaller launch vehicles would place segments of the lunar spacecraft in low Earth orbit, where they would be assembled for the mission to the surface of the Moon and back. Houbolt’s LOR concept was a relative latecomer and it had much less support initially. Although developing rendezvous and docking capability certainly would be needed for programs following Apollo, such as a space station, by no means was it


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clear that such capability was needed for lunar missions, and therefore need to be developed in the near future. Nevertheless, the 14 August 1961 schedule included an optional follow-on program of four Atlas Centaur docking missions beginning with in November 1964: two of these, Mercury Titan 11 and Mercury Titan 12, would have boosted crews crew to high Earth orbit, and the final two missions, Mercury Titan 13 in March and Mercury Titan 14 in May of 1965, would have been manned lunar flybys. Thus, a concept that Houbolt had briefed a few months earlier in the context of a one-off (plus a backup) experimental Mercury mission, had now grown into a means of getting an outgrowth of Project Mercury to the Moon.

A 30 August 1961 proposal was even more ambitious. 27 Developing a more capable Mercury Mark II spacecraft would delay its unmanned flight to March 1964, the first manned flight to May 1964, and the first Agena docking mission to November 1964, slipping all of these milestones 12 months. The two primate missions were deleted. One Agena docking mission was also deleted, with the last of three (Mercury Titan 5 through Mercury Titan 7 flying in March 1965, followed by the two high Earth orbit Centaur docking missions Mercury Titan 8 and Mercury Titan 9 flying in May 1965 and July 1965. The next three missions would have involved rendezvous and docking between a Mercury Mark II spacecraft and a separately launched lunar landing vehicle; one of the crew would transfer to the lunar landing vehicle, flight-test it, and the return it for a re-docking. The two lunar flyby Centaur missions, Mercury Titan 13 and Mercury Titan 14, would then be flown in September and October 1965. On the next mission, both the Mercury Mark II spacecraft and the lunar landing vehicle would have been launched manned on a Saturn C-3 to lunar orbit. The first manned landing on the Moon would be achieved on the following flight in January 1966. Drawings of the lunar landing vehicle bore a considerable resemblance to the unmanned Surveyor lunar landing spacecraft then under development, which was also to be launched by the Atlas Centaur. It is significant that at the time, the leading candidate mission modes for the Apollo lunar landing program were DA and EOR, neither of which required a lunar landing vehicle as a distinct entity from the primary spacecraft. Thus, in a sense, what became the Apollo Lunar Module traces its lineage from what might be called the Mercury Lunar Excursion Module, which in turn descended from Surveyor.

However, NASA management had no enthusiasm for two competing manned lunar landing programs; Apollo was to be the one and only. All lunar phases of the Mercury Mark II program were dropped by the time of the 27 October 1961 schedule. 28 An unmanned suborbital mission, to be flown in May 1963, had been substituted for the orbital mission. Eleven manned missions were to follow, with a short-duration mission in July 1963, a seven-day mission in September 1963, a 14-day mission in November 1963, and eight Agena docking missions spanning the January 1964 to March 1965 period.

E. Apollo From its beginning, the Apollo concept was one of manned lunar missions; however, initially it aimed at lunar

flyby missions, and thus it was comparable to the Soviet L1 program. Lunar landing missions were of interest as well, although the mission mode, the launch vehicle, and the timeline for developing such a capability were matters that remained ill defined for several years. The name of Nova was attached to the concept of a superheavy-lift launch vehicle as early as December 1959, although absent was a proposed mission for the concept. 29 The first known Apollo program document that contains a skeletal schedule was dated 12 March 1960, which outlined four unmanned Atlas Agena flights to simulate lunar reentry in October 1961, June 1962, October 1962, and January 1963, and a full-scale boilerplate suborbital flight on a Saturn C-1 in March 1963. 30 The Apollo Chronology entry for 15 April 1960 gives February 1966 as the date of the first Saturn C-1 manned orbital mission. 31

A proposed schedule from 1 August 1960 is detailed indeed, although less precise in time, outlining 33 missions. 32 By then, the Atlas Agena program had slipped badly, and even more slippage was to come. The first flight had slipped an entire year to late 1962, with the fourth and final flight pushed out to early-1964. The first unmanned suborbital flight, launched on a Saturn C-1, of the Apollo A Earth orbital configuration, executing a parabolic reentry (i.e. at lunar return velocity), was scheduled for late 1963. SA-8 (a.k.a. Apollo 103) was to have been followed by six more such flights, ending with AS-114 (a.k.a. Apollo 109) in mid-1965.* Running concurrent with * The schema of mission designations evolved during the course of the Apollo program. The Saturn launch vehicles themselves bore the “SA-“ designation, and the first 10 Saturn C-1 flights were also designated “SA-.” Beginning with the 11th flight, the missions were designated “AS-“ for Apollo Saturn, in keeping with the Mercury Redstone, Mercury Atlas, and Gemini Titan conventions. Series AS-100 designated Saturn C-2 missions, series AS-200 stood for Saturn C-2 missions, et cetera. Thus, AS-111 was to have been the mission flown on the 11th Saturn C-1, SA-111. However, the same mission was also referred to as Apollo 106, because it was to have been the sixth Saturn C-1 to carry an Apollo spacecraft (the first five Saturn C-1 flights did not carry Apollo vehicles). Also affecting the numerical disagreement between launch vehicle and mission designation were non-Apollo payloads such as the


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these would have been three Atlas unmanned suborbital missions from late-1964 to mid-1965. The launch escape system would have been tested at high altitude on an Atlas Centaur mission in late 1965. Five other Atlas Centaur missions would have tested the Apollo Command Module (CM) in Earth orbit between early 1966 and mid-1967. An escape system qualification test was to have been flown on a suborbital Saturn C-2 mission on AS-203 in early 1966, and a unmanned orbital mission was slated for AS-205 in mid-1966. The first piloted Apollo mission was to have been AS-207 in late 1966. Although the date of the first manned Apollo mission moved forward and backward over the coming years, remarkably, as of July 1966, the mission was scheduled for the nearly same date--November 1966--representing virtually zero slip across that time. Two more manned Saturn C-2 missions were to have flown as AS-209 in early 1967 and AS-210 mid-1967. The Apollo B configuration would then have been tested unmanned in high Earth orbit on AS-211 in late 1967, followed by three manned missions early to mid-1968. The first piloted lunar flyby was scheduled for late 1968, and by amazing coincidence, the first actual manned mission around the Moon (albeit orbital, not merely flyby) was Apollo in December 1968. Three more manned lunar flybys would have been flown on a quarterly schedule, ending with AS-218 in mid-1969.

A 30 September 1960 schedule made no mention of the Atlas, Atlas Agena, or Atlas Centaur segments of the Apollo program. 33 The Saturn C-1 program showed little difference in timing of the unmanned missions through AS-116, and there was the addition of an AS-117 in February 1966. Also, there was no mention of low Earth orbit Apollo Saturn C-2 missions, either unmanned or piloted; launch vehicle development missions were associated with other programs. Appearing in place of the piloted Saturn C-3 flights were manned Saturn C-1 missions, which did not appear in the August 1960 schedule, but which would be a constant fixture of the Apollo program until their cancellation three years later. The first of these, AS-118, as scheduled for mid-1966, followed by five more, ending with AS-125 in early 1968. The switch to Saturn C-2 manned missions was to have initiated with AS-217 in early 1968, which had the option to be either a high Earth orbit or lunar flyby mission. A total of nine high Earth orbit or lunar flyby missions were to have flown, ending in mid-1970 with AS-236.

A December 1960 schedule addresses short-term planning, and reflects the acceleration of the unmanned Saturn C-1 program by a couple of months. 34

The Atlas Agena program was mentioned again in a 20 January 1961 schedule, again badly slipped from the previous schedule. 35 The first flight was scheduled for late 1963, a full year from its previous date on the 1 August 1960 schedule. The two following missions were similarly shipped, and the fourth mission was canceled outright. From its first schedule in March 1960, this program segment slipped two years; it did not appear on subsequent schedules. The three missions on the Atlas launch vehicle that appeared in the 1 August 1960 schedule appeared on the 20 January 1961 schedule as well, but slipped a year as well. On the later schedule, these are described as mission abort propulsion system qualification tests. The Atlas flight program was expanded by an additional 18 missions: nine suborbital flights to exercise the mission abort propulsion system, orbital entry, and range control and recovery techniques, three flights qualifying the lunar landing propulsion system, and six flights simulating lunar landings at high altitude. The Atlas and Atlas Agena flights do not appear in subsequent Apollo planning, and some of their objective were taken over by a less expensive program of Little Joe II launched flights. Meanwhile, the unmanned Saturn C-1 parabolic reentry missions were deleted, and in there place were scheduled orbital flights of Apollo boilerplate airframes, beginning with SA-6 (a.k.a. Apollo 101) in August 1964, and ending with SA-9 in August 1965. The first unmanned flight of a fully configured Apollo Command/Service Module (CSM) was scheduled for mid-1965 on SA-10. This series of four missions were to have been competed with AS-113 in early 1966. The first piloted low Earth orbital Saturn C-1 mission was scheduled on AS-114 in mid-1966, a slip of three to four months from the 30 September 1960 schedule. This series of 12 missions was to have ended in late 1968 on AS-130. The first unmanned low Earth orbital Apollo Saturn C-2 flight (now AS-203) had slipped about two months to late 1966 from its first mention in August 1960, and a second such mission was added as AS-207 and scheduled for mid-1967. The first manned low Earth orbital Saturn C-2 flight was scheduled on AS-207 in late 1967. Eight additional piloted low Earth orbital Saturn C-2 missions were to have flown, culminating with AS-226 in early 1969. These missions would have qualified systems, conducted lunar return exercises, and qualified rendezvous operations. Two piloted cislunar missions were to have flown as AS-229 and AS-231 in mid- 1969, two manned lunar flybys were to have flown as AS-233 and AS-235 in late 1969, with AS-236 through AS-239 being four manned lunar orbital mission conducted during 1970. Although nine Atlas flights were dedicated to developing propulsion Mars Voyager program. Saturn C-2 missions would have borne the Apollo 200 series designation, and likewise, series Apollo 500 later denoted for Saturn C-5 missions; therefore, in this series of papers, it is assumed that the Apollo 400 series would have been used Saturn C-4 missions and series Apollo 800 for Saturn C-8 or Nova missions. Although the 200 series originally denoted Saturn C-2 missions, which never flew, the designation was later revived for Saturn 1B missions.


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systems for and simulating lunar landings, no lunar landing missions appeared on the schedule. Such missions appear to have been left to 1971 or later.

Also in January 1961, NASA drew up a preliminary schedule for the development of the Nova launch vehicle. 36 To The development plan envisioned 18 flights: live first stages on the first four flights launched from mid-1965 to early 1966, two live stages on the second series of four flights launched through late 1966, three live stages on the next three flights launched through early 1967, with all five stages live on the remaining seven flights launched through mid-1968. The all-up version was referred to as the “lunar ship,” but there was no indication as to whether any of these missions were intended to be either manned or lunar. Neither was the Nova’s configuration solidly defined; it would have most likely four but possibly eight F-1 engines in the first stage, four or eight 200K engines (later designated J-2) in the second stage, and two or four third-stage engines.

By mid-May, Kennedy had decided on a massive commitment to space exploration, and NASA’s first response was to accelerate the Saturn C-1 and C-2 programs. The first Saturn C-1 boilerplate mission was pulled up a full year to the fourth quarter of 1963. 37 The first manned Apollo Saturn C-1 mission was pulled up even more—15 months—to mid-1965. The first manned Saturn C-2 mission was slated for the second quarter of 1966, testing the Apollo spacecraft in cislunar space three full years in advance of the date that had been set for the mission in January 1961. The same schedule called for the first manned lunar flyby to occur in late 1966, pulling up this mission 2-1/2 years from the previous schedule. Following three flyby missions, an increase of one from the January 1961 schedule, the Apollo program, as it was then defined, would have culminated in four manned lunar orbital missions beginning in the second quarter of 1967, thus acceleration this mission by 33 months. Conspicuous in its absence was any progress toward a manned lunar landing, a mission that could not be accomplished with the Saturn C-2 launch vehicle, and which presumably would have to await the development of the Nova. One gets the impression that there were in a sense two Apollo programs, linked but distinct: a circumlunar program, comparable to the Soviet L-1 program, that was taking shape first, and a lunar landing program, analogous to the Soviet L-3 program, which was a long-range goal to be considered at some point in an undefined future. This changed on 25 May 1961, when President John F. Kennedy addressed a joint session of Congress and asked the nation to commit itself to landing humans on the Moon by the end of the decade. Very shortly, Apollo became one lunar program rather than two, and it was not the better-defined circumlunar program that survived. In contrast, the Soviet Union pursued two tracks, L-1 and L-3, each with its own launch vehicle, both of which started more than 3 years after the Kennedy decision, neither of which succeeded.

The first Apollo schedules in the months following Kennedy’s address tackled only the short-term issues of a redirected program, but they reflected a significant break from their predecessors in terms of time-phasing of the first, upcoming missions. 38, 39 The Saturn C-1 boilerplate missions were pulled up 14 months to begin in mid-1963. Even more spectacularly, the first manned Apollo mission was pulled up 30 months to mid-1964.

Also looked into in September 1961 was the possibility of a subscale, 2-man Apollo to be flown on Titan II, capable of a 24-hour Earth orbital mission. 40 An unmanned mission was to be undertaken in September 1963, followed by a manned mission in November 1963.

By 5 December 1961, the transformed Apollo program was extremely detailed; however, it would evolve further throughout 1962, and because of that the 5 December 1961 schedules* are intriguing for the many missions they contains that never flew. 41 The first piloted Saturn C-1 mission, Apollo 106 (AS-111), and its unmanned precursors were scheduled along the lines that had been sketched out during the summer and autumn. Additionally, the other 11 piloted missions in the series were pulled forward 30 months. However, the Saturn C-1 program was not to end with Apollo 117 (AS-122) in late 1965; following Apollo 118 (AS-123) and AS-119 (AS-124), manned Saturn C-1 missions were to support a three-man space station that would be assembled from moduled launched on six Saturn C-1 flights. A series of 30 manned Saturn C-1 space station missions were to have concluded with Apollo 151 (AS-156) in mid-1968.

In the 5 December 1961 schedules, the Apollo circumlunar program transitioned from the Saturn C-2, a launch vehicle design that had been overtaken by events, to the Saturn C-4. Although they do not appear on the schedules, it is assumed that there would have been at least two unmanned precursor missions prior to the first of eight manned circumlunar missions, which were scheduled to fly during the last half of 1966 and the first half of 1967. This was the last time that a substantial number of circumlunar missions would appear on an Apollo schedule; in effect, this was the last hurrah of the original Apollo vision of an L-1 type circumlunar program evolving into a later L-3 type lunar landing program. Henceforward, Apollo would focus on the lunar landing goal, to which circumlunar missions would be a brief step, not a program unto itself. * Three schedules were contained in one document; they have been reconciled into one comprehensive schedule in the interest of simplicity.


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Unmanned Nova development launches do not appear on the 5 December 1961 schedules; however, it is assumed that at least four unmanned flights would have been necessary to human-rate the launch vehicle from the last half of 1966 to the first half of 1967.

Following the Saturn C-4 circumlunar program and the Nova development program, the Apollo program was poised to take on manned lunar landing missions, which might be accomplished using either the DA mode using the Nova launch vehicle or the EOR mode using the Saturn C-4. Although in some quarters there were doubts that the Nova could be developed on a schedule that made DA competitive with EOR,* for planning purposes such as budgeting and facilities construction, the two modes were assumed as being available for implementation concurrently. Thus, in the 5 December 1961 schedules, the first human landing on the Moon was to have occurred on either Apollo 411 or Apollo 805 in mid-1967. Five additional DA lunar landing missions through the end of 1968 appeared on the 5 December 1961 schedules, although only three additional EOR missions through the first half of 1968 were shown.

Following the achievement of Kennedy’s goal, Apollo was to turn to new challenges; as the President himself was to say a year later at Rice University, “We choose to go to the Moon in this decade and do the other things….” Other things were already taking shape on the drawing boards. Using the Nova launch vehicle topped by a NERVA nuclear stage, construction of a permanent lunar station was to begin in mid-1969. There were to have been 13 such missions through mid-1971. A series of 28 Saturn C-4 missions were to have supported a 12-man Earth orbital laboratory during 1970-1971. From mid- 1972 through the end of 1974, 20 Nova launches would have placed in Earth orbit modules for a massive Orbital Space Base. Human habitation of the base was to have been supported by 20 Saturn C-4 flights.

Even before first human landing on the Moon, flight tests were to have begun on the Saturn C-4 of a new spacecraft capable of returning larger crews from planetary missions. Ten such missions appeared on the 5 December 1961 schedule, but it not clear whether these were only the manned missions that were planned, or whether these included unmanned precursor flights. It is assumed that two unmanned flights were to have occurred during the first half of 1967, followed by eight manned missions through mid-1969. A vehicle described as a planetary atmospheric spacecraft was to have begun flight tests in mid-1972. Probably this vehicle was to serve ultimately as a Mars landing module. Again, there were to have been 10 missions, and it is assumed that the first two, in the last half of 1972, would have been unmanned, with eight piloted missions completed by the end of 1974.

Using the EOR technique, two Nova NERVAs would have sent off manned Mars omission Apollo 823 on 8 June 1971, which was to reach Mars on 5 November and orbit for 40 days, and return to Earth on 11 August 1972. Similarly, a dual Nova NERVA launch on 5 April 1972 was to have sent the Apollo 825 crew on a 23 August 1972 flyby of Venus, returning to Earth on 30 March 1973. A second Mars orbital mission, Apollo 836, was to have launched on 4 August 1973, arrived on 11 November 1973 for 20 days of exploration, then returned to Earth on 13 May 1975. A second Venus flyby mission, Apollo 840, was to have launched on 31 October 1973, passing the planet on 3 March 1974, and returning to Earth on 1 December 1974. These two Venus flybys and two Mars orbital missions were to be the preliminaries to the main event: six Nova NERVA launches in September 1975 were to assemble a spacecraft to support the first human landing on Mars. The Apollo 863 mission would have left Earth orbit on 20 September 1975, reached Mars on 7 April 1976, and begun the return journey ten days later, arriving back at Earth on 23 November 1976.

Thus, the new vision for Apollo was not simply of a manned lunar landing program growing out of earlier plans for a manned circumlunar program, but of a versatile space transportation system that would support a permanent human presence in Earth orbit and on the Moon, as well as support the first human expeditions to Venus and Mars. The 5 December schedules called for 56 Saturn C-1, 86 Saturn C-4, and 63 Nova launches through the end of 1975, 205 launches in all, compared to the 10 Saturn 1, 9 Saturn 1B, and 13 Saturn V launches that the US actually flew. The use of Apollo technology for manned Earth orbital facilities, lunar stations, and planetary missions would be a recurring theme throughout the 1960s.

F. Horizon On 9 June 1959, the US Army issued report on study to establish a lunar outpost in April 1965. 42 The study

envisioned 229 launches, between August 1964 and December 1967, of two launch vehicle configurations based on the Saturn S-I first stage:

21 unmanned Saturn I missions to support four cargo lunar landings 6 manned Saturn I Earth orbital to assemble lunar cargo vehicles

* It is worth noting that during 1961, with the future bright with the promise of ample funding, while the Saturn C-1 and C-2 programs were accelerated sharply, the Nova development schedule slipped steeply.


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6 unmanned Saturn I emergency vehicles 27 unmanned Saturn I missions to support manned lunar missions 4 manned Saturn I Earth orbital to assemble manned lunar missions 6 manned Saturn I lunar landings 73 unmanned Saturn II direct lunar landings 17 unmanned Saturn II missions to support four cargo lunar landings 10 unmanned Saturn II emergency vehicles 53 unmanned Saturn II missions to support manned lunar missions 2 manned Saturn II Earth orbital to assemble manned lunar missions 4 manned Saturn II lunar landings

G. Lunex 29 May 1961 was a busy day for the USAF Space Systems Division; not only did it propose a rival program to

Dyna-Soar (SAINT II), it also produced a plan to compete with NASA’s Apollo manned lunar program. 43 Only 4 days after President Kennedy’s message to a joint session of Congress, while NASA was beginning the process of upgrading its Apollo planning from a circumlunar program to a lunar landing program, the Air Force stole a march by rolling out a plan to establish and to support a permanent lunar base. The Lunex (Lunar Exploration) program would have begun within a few months with a series of five flight tests of subscale models of the crew reentry vehicle, a lifting body, on Atlas launch vehicles, ending in August 1963. Unmanned testing of the full-scale crew reentry vehicle would have begun in August 1964, with the first piloted mission occurring in April 1965. The first unmanned circumlunar flight was scheduled for December 1965 in an exercise of the crew reentry vehicle and the Circumlunar Propulsion Stage. The Lunar Launch Stage was to be tested in Earth orbit in December 1965 as well, and again in February 1966. The first unmanned test of the Moon rocket in Earth orbit, carrying the Lunar Launch Stage and the crew reentry vehicle, was scheduled for March 1966. The first unmanned lunar landing, delivering a cargo package, was to occur in July 1966. The first piloted circumlunar mission was slated for September 1966. The unmanned dress rehearsal lunar landing of the entire system would have occurred in January 1967. The target date of the first human landing on the Moon was August 1967. Follow-on manned lunar landings were to take place each month, with some of these possibly accompanied by the unmanned delivery of cargo packages to the lunar surface. Beginning in January 1968, dual lunar landings of a crew and a lunar base module were to have been undertaken each month. The buildup of the lunar base was to be complete in July 1968 with a full crew of 21. This Air Force proposal was the first known detailed schedule for a project to land men on the Moon.

H. Lewis Research Center Mars Study 18 months before the spectacular 5 December 1971 Apollo planning document, the 1971 Mars opportunity had

also caught the interest of engineers at Lewis Research Center, since perihelic oppositions of Mars, which provide the most favorable conditions for travel between the two planets, occur only once ever 15 to 17 years. “This is not meant to imply that actual trips are contemplated for this period,” the July 1960 report stated. 44 In any case, the study planned for a departure from Earth orbit with a crew of seven on 19 May 1971. Two members of the crew would descend to the surface, while the other five remained in orbit. Following 40 days of exploration the mission would head back to Earth, arriving on 12 July 1972.

I. Soviet Programs The Soviets were also interested in the 1971 Mars opportunity. In 1959, a group of engineers in a section of the

OKB-1 design bureau under Gleb Maksimov began designing a spacecraft for piloted planetary missions. 45 By October 1961, nearly all sections of Sergei Korolev’s OKB-1 were involved in the effort to design a Mars flyby spacecraft. From this effort can the preliminary performance requirements for the N1 launch vehicle, which was to loft the 75-ton TMK (Heavy Interplanetary Complex) with a crew of three on its journey to Mars in a single launch on 8 June 1971, in the same launch opportunity as the American manned Mars orbital mission Apollo 823 on the 5 December 1961 schedule. The TMK flyby spacecraft was to have passed Mars on 23 April 1972, returning to Earth on 10 July 1974.

Konstantin Feoktistov, who would soon be selected as a cosmonaut, believed that Maksimov’s single-launch scenario on the one hand rested on overly-optimistic assumptions, while on the other was too limited a concept. In October 1960, his section of OKB-1 proposed a dual-launch alternative that would take a crew of six to the surface of Mars for a year-long stay, during which the expedition would have traversed from pole to pole. 46 This grandiose vision, called TMK-E, was to be powered by nuclear electric engines, a technology that promised a specific impulse of 10,000 seconds, more than 20 times the efficiency of chemical propulsion.


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Information on the planning history of the primary Soviet manned program of the period—Vostok—is not available at this time.

III. Project Schedule Metrics Table 2 presents schedule slope and schedule expansion data for programs of the period covered.

IV. Summary of Scheduled and Proposed Missions A total of 787 missions have been identified for this period:

• 14 manned, launched during this period or later • 338 manned, not launched • 28 unmanned, launched during this period or later • 407 unmanned, not launched

A list of these missions is given in Table 3. Flights assigned to perform a specific mission profile often change flight numbers as other missions are inserted, deleted, or resequenced. Therefore a distinct mission designation has been assigned to each mission. The last assigned mission number of the flight, the last x-date and y-date, the launch vehicle, and a brief mission description is also given. Information inferred from other data is given in red.

V. Call for Additional Data As research on the Atlas of an Undiscovered Country project proceeds, primary sources on historical mission

scheduling data is needed for Soviet, Russian, Chinese, and commercial human space programs, as well as for the Space Shuttle program from 1980 to date. Primary sources include program office and space agency documents for government programs, and corporate documents for commercial programs.

Meanwhile, the 7-year mission to map an undiscovered country continues. Some people think the future means the end of history. Well... we haven’t run out of history quite yet. Captain James Tiberius Kirk, United Federation of Planets Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country

Table 1. Overview of Human and Human-Related Space Missions.

Program Total

Manned Flown

Manned Unflown Manned

Total Unmanned

Flown Unmanned

Unflown Unmanned

Vostok, Voskhod 20 8 12 12 11 1 Soyuz, L-1, L-3, Salyut, Mir, ISS 193 101 92 260 165 95 Salyut, Almaz, TKS, Mir, ISS 10 0 10 35 28 7 Other Soviet/Russian 13 0 13 44 5 39 X-20 Dyna Soar 70 0 70 18 0 18 Mercury 37 6 31 15 10 5 Gemini, MOL 66 10 56 32 10 22 Apollo, Skylab 509 15 494 422 12 411 Space Shuttle 2913 126 2787 0 0 0 Constellation 32 0 32 57 0 57 Other NASA/USAF suborbital/orbital 160 2 158 15 9 6 Other NASA/USAF lunar/planetary 138 0 138 436 0 436 Chinese 6 3 3 8 4 4 Private 510 3 507 20 2 18 European 2 0 2 7 1 6 Japanese 1 0 1 5 0 5 Indian 2 0 2 0 0 0 Iranian 1 0 1 0 0 0 Total 4683 274 4404 1387 257 1130


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Table 2. Project Schedule Metrics.

Program Period

Mean Schedule

Slope

Schedule Expansion

Rate (x 10-3) X-20 Dyna Soar suborbital 1 1958-11-00 to 1959-11-00 -1.84 N/A 2 1959-11-00 to 1960-11-00 +0.15 +5.4 X-20 Dyna Soar orbital 1 1958-11-00 to 1959-11-00 -1.84 N/A 2 1959-11-00 to 1960-11-00 -1.46 +2.2 3 1960-11-00 to 1961-12-19 1.50 +1.2 Mercury Redstone 1 1958-02-01 to 1959-11-28 -0.33 N/A 2 1959-11-28 to 1960-10-31 -0.73 +1.0 Mercury Atlas core 1 1958-12-04 to 1959-10-31 -0.95 +0.3 2 1959-10-31 to 1960-10-31 -0.42 +0.9 3 1960-10-31 to 1961-12-05 -0.39 +0.2 Mercury Atlas extended 1 1959-10-31 to 1961-12-05 -0.55 +2.4 Gemini core 1 1961-08-14 to 1961-12-04 -0.47 -11.7 Apollo Saturn C-1 1 1961-01-20 to 1961-12-05 +2.87 +7.0 Apollo Saturn C-2 orbital 1 1960-06-00 to 1961-01-20 -1.50 +14.5 Apollo Saturn C-2 lunar 1 1960-06-00 to 1961-01-20 -1.29 -2.2 2 1961-01-20 to 1961-12-05 +9.04 -2.3 Nova LV development 1 1961-01-00 to 1961-12-05 -2.28 +4.8


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Figure 1. Dyna-Soar.

Key: Suborbital Short-duration low Earth orbital Long-duration high Earth orbital


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Figure 2. Mercury and Gemini.

Key: Mercury Redstone and Mercury Jupiter Gemini core program Mercury Atlas core program Gemini lunar program Mercury Atlas expanded program Blue Gemini and Manned Orbiting Laboratory Gemini follow-on Enlarged Gemini space station ferry


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Figure 3. Apollo.

Key: Apollo core program, Saturn I, IB, C-2 Apollo core program, Saturn C-4, V Apollo core program, Nova Apollo Applications, Earth orbital Apollo Applications, lunar Apollo Applications, planetary


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Table 3. List of Distinct Missions. Mission Name Mission Designation Last x-date Last y-date Mission Description Manned Launched

Mercury Jupiter 1 Mercury J-1 21 Mar 1959 1 Nov 1959 1st unmanned Mercury Jupiter suborbital Mercury Jupiter 2 Mercury J-2 21 Mar 1959 1 Feb 1960 2nd unmanned Mercury Jupiter suborbital

Horizon 1 Horizon 1-CA1-1 9 Jun 1959 1 Aug 19641st manned Horizon Saturn I orbital support of 1st assembled cargo lunar landing X

Horizon 2 Horizon 1-CAU1-1 9 Jun 1959 1 Aug 19641st unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 1st assembled cargo lunar landing

Horizon 3 Horizon 1-CAU1-2 9 Jun 1959 1 Sep 19642nd unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 1st assembled cargo lunar landing

Horizon 4 Horizon 1-CAU1-3 9 Jun 1959 1 Sep 19643rd unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 1st assembled cargo lunar landing

Horizon 5 Horizon 1-CAU1-4 9 Jun 1959 1 Sep 19644th unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 1st assembled cargo lunar landing

Horizon 6 Horizon 1-CA1-2 9 Jun 1959 1 Oct 19642nd manned Horizon Saturn I orbital support of 1st assembled cargo lunar landing X

Horizon 7 Horizon 1-CAU1-5 9 Jun 1959 1 Oct 19645th unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 1st assembled cargo lunar landing

Horizon 8 Horizon 2-CAU1-1 9 Jun 1959 1 Oct 1964Unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital for 1st assembled cargo lunar landing

Horizon 9 Horizon 1-CAU1-6 9 Jun 1959 1 Nov 19646th unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 1st assembled cargo lunar landing



Horizon 12 Horizon 1-CA1-3 9 Jun 1959 1 Dec 19643rd manned Horizon Saturn I orbital support of 1st assembled cargo lunar landing X

Horizon 13 Horizon 1-CAU1-10 9 Jun 1959 1 Dec 196410th unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 1st assembled cargo lunar landing



Horizon 16 Horizon 1-CAU1-12 9 Jun 1959 1 Jan 196512th unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 1st assembled cargo lunar landing




Horizon 20 Horizon 1-EV-1 9 Jun 1959 1 Jan 1965 1st unmanned Horizon emergency vehicle Saturn I orbital Horizon 21 Horizon 2-CD-1 9 Jun 1959 1 Jan 1965 1st unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 22 Horizon 1-EV-2 9 Jun 1959 1 Feb 1965 2nd unmanned Horizon emergency vehicle Saturn I orbital Horizon 23 Horizon 1-GS-1 9 Jun 1959 1 Feb 1965 Manned Horizon Saturn I orbital support of 1st manned lunar landing X Horizon 24 Horizon 1-GSU1-1 9 Jun 1959 1 Feb 1965 1st unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 1st manned lunar landing Horizon 25 Horizon 1-GSU1-2 9 Jun 1959 1 Feb 1965 2nd unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 1st manned lunar landing


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Mission Name Mission Designation Last x-date Last y-date Mission Description Manned Launched

Horizon 26 Horizon 1-GSU1-3 9 Jun 1959 1 Feb 1965 3rd unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 1st manned lunar landing Horizon 27 Horizon 2-CD-2 9 Jun 1959 1 Feb 1965 2nd unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing

Horizon 28 Horizon 2-GSU1-1 9 Jun 1959 1 Feb 19651st unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 1st manned lunar landing

Horizon 29 Horizon 1-GSU1-4 9 Jun 1959 1 Mar 1965 4th unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 1st manned lunar landing Horizon 30 Horizon 1-GSU1-5 9 Jun 1959 1 Mar 1965 5th unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 1st manned lunar landing Horizon 31 Horizon 1-GSU1-6 9 Jun 1959 1 Mar 1965 6th unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 1st manned lunar landing Horizon 32 Horizon 2-CD-3 9 Jun 1959 1 Mar 1965 3rd unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing

Horizon 33 Horizon 2-GSU1-2 9 Jun 1959 1 Mar 19652nd unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 1st manned lunar landing

Horizon 34 Horizon 1-G-1 9 Jun 1959 1 Apr 1965 1st Horizon Saturn I crew for 1st manned lunar landing X Horizon 35 Horizon 1-GSU1-7 9 Jun 1959 1 Apr 1965 7th unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 1st manned lunar landing Horizon 36 Horizon 1-GSU1-8 9 Jun 1959 1 Apr 1965 8th unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 1st manned lunar landing Horizon 37 Horizon 2-CD-4 9 Jun 1959 1 Apr 1965 4th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing

Horizon 38 Horizon 2-GSU1-3 9 Jun 1959 1 Apr 19653rd unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 1st manned lunar landing

Horizon 39 Horizon 1-EV-3 9 Jun 1959 1 May 1965 3rd unmanned Horizon emergency vehicle Saturn I orbital Horizon 40 Horizon 1-GSU2-1 9 Jun 1959 1 May 1965 1st unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 2nd manned lunar landing Horizon 41 Horizon 1-GSU2-2 9 Jun 1959 1 May 1965 2nd unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 2nd manned lunar landing Horizon 42 Horizon 2-CD-5 9 Jun 1959 1 May 1965 5th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 43 Horizon 2-GSU2-1 9 Jun 1959 1 May 1965 Unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 2nd manned lunar landing Horizon 44 Horizon 1-GS-2 9 Jun 1959 1 Jun 1965 Manned Horizon Saturn I orbital support of 2nd manned lunar landing X Horizon 45 Horizon 1-GSU2-3 9 Jun 1959 1 Jun 1965 3rd unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 2nd manned lunar landing Horizon 46 Horizon 1-GSU2-4 9 Jun 1959 1 Jun 1965 4th unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 2nd manned lunar landing Horizon 47 Horizon 1-GSU2-5 9 Jun 1959 1 Jun 1965 5th unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 2nd manned lunar landing Horizon 48 Horizon 2-CD-6 9 Jun 1959 1 Jun 1965 6th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 49 Horizon 2-CD-7 9 Jun 1959 1 Jun 1965 7th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 50 Horizon 1-G-2 9 Jun 1959 1 Jul 1965 2nd Horizon Saturn I crew for 2nd manned lunar landing X Horizon 51 Horizon 1-GSU2-6 9 Jun 1959 1 Jul 1965 6th unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 2nd manned lunar landing Horizon 52 Horizon 1-GSU2-7 9 Jun 1959 1 Jul 1965 7th unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 2nd manned lunar landing Horizon 53 Horizon 2-CD-8 9 Jun 1959 1 Jul 1965 8th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 54 Horizon 2-CD-9 9 Jun 1959 1 Jul 1965 9th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 55 Horizon 2-EV-1 9 Jun 1959 1 Jul 1965 1st unmanned Horizon emergency vehicle Saturn II orbital Horizon 56 Horizon 1-GS-3 9 Jun 1959 1 Aug 1965 Manned Horizon Saturn I orbital support of 3rd manned lunar landing X Horizon 57 Horizon 1-GSU3-1 9 Jun 1959 1 Aug 1965 1st unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 3rd manned lunar landing Horizon 58 Horizon 1-GSU3-2 9 Jun 1959 1 Aug 1965 2nd unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 3rd manned lunar landing Horizon 59 Horizon 1-GSU3-3 9 Jun 1959 1 Aug 1965 3rd unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 3rd manned lunar landing Horizon 60 Horizon 2-CD-10 9 Jun 1959 1 Aug 1965 10th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 61 Horizon 2-CD-11 9 Jun 1959 1 Aug 1965 11th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing

Horizon 62 Horizon 2-GSU3-1 9 Jun 1959 1 Aug 19651st unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 3rd manned lunar landing


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Horizon 63 Horizon 1-GSU3-4 9 Jun 1959 1 Sep 1965 4th unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 3rd manned lunar landing Horizon 64 Horizon 1-GSU3-5 9 Jun 1959 1 Sep 1965 5th unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 3rd manned lunar landing Horizon 65 Horizon 1-GSU3-6 9 Jun 1959 1 Sep 1965 6th unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 3rd manned lunar landing Horizon 66 Horizon 1-GSU3-7 9 Jun 1959 1 Sep 1965 7th unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 3rd manned lunar landing Horizon 67 Horizon 2-CD-12 9 Jun 1959 1 Sep 1965 12th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 68 Horizon 2-CD-13 9 Jun 1959 1 Sep 1965 13th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 69 Horizon 1-G-3 9 Jun 1959 1 Oct 1965 3rd Horizon Saturn I crew for 3rd manned lunar landing X Horizon 70 Horizon 1-GSU3-8 9 Jun 1959 1 Oct 1965 8th unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 3rd manned lunar landing Horizon 71 Horizon 1-GSU3-9 9 Jun 1959 1 Oct 1965 9th unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 3rd manned lunar landing Horizon 72 Horizon 2-CD-14 9 Jun 1959 1 Oct 1965 14th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing

Horizon 73 Horizon 2-GSU3-2 9 Jun 1959 1 Oct 19652nd unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 3rd manned lunar landing

Horizon 74 Horizon 1-CAU2-2 9 Jun 1959 1 Nov 19652nd unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 2nd assembled cargo lunar landing

Horizon 75 Horizon 1-GSU3-1 9 Jun 1959 1 Nov 19651st unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 2nd assembled cargo lunar landing

Horizon 76 Horizon 2-CAU2-1 9 Jun 1959 1 Nov 19651st unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 2nd assembled cargo lunar landing

Horizon 77 Horizon 2-CD-15 9 Jun 1959 1 Nov 1965 15th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 78 Horizon 2-CD-16 9 Jun 1959 1 Nov 1965 16th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 79 Horizon 2-EV-2 9 Jun 1959 1 Nov 1965 2nd unmanned Horizon emergency vehicle Saturn II orbital

Horizon 80 Horizon 1-CA2-1 9 Jun 1959 1 Dec 1965Manned Horizon Saturn I orbital support of 2nd assembled cargo lunar landing X

Horizon 81 Horizon 1-CAU2-3 9 Jun 1959 1 Dec 19653rd unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 2nd assembled cargo lunar landing

Horizon 82 Horizon 1-EV-4 9 Jun 1959 1 Dec 1965 4th unmanned Horizon emergency vehicle Saturn I orbital

Horizon 83 Horizon 2-CAU2-2 9 Jun 1959 1 Dec 19652nd unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 2nd assembled cargo lunar landing

Horizon 84 Horizon 2-CAU2-3 9 Jun 1959 1 Dec 19653rd unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 2nd assembled cargo lunar landing

Horizon 85 Horizon 2-CD-17 9 Jun 1959 1 Dec 1965 17th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 86 Horizon 2-CD-18 9 Jun 1959 1 Dec 1965 18th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing X

Horizon 87 Horizon 1-CAU2-4 9 Jun 1959 1 Jan 19664th unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 2nd assembled cargo lunar landing X X

Horizon 88 Horizon 2-CAU2-4 9 Jun 1959 1 Jan 19664th unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 2nd assembled cargo lunar landing

Horizon 89 Horizon 2-CAU2-5 9 Jun 1959 1 Jan 19665th unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 2nd assembled cargo lunar landing

Horizon 90 Horizon 2-CD-19 9 Jun 1959 1 Jan 1966 19th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 91 Horizon 2-CD-20 9 Jun 1959 1 Jan 1966 20th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 92 Horizon 2-EV-3 9 Jun 1959 1 Jan 1966 3rd unmanned Horizon emergency vehicle Saturn II orbital Horizon 93 Horizon 1-G-4 9 Jun 1959 1 Feb 1966 4th Horizon Saturn I crew for 4th manned lunar landing X Horizon 94 Horizon 1-GSU4-1 9 Jun 1959 1 Feb 1966 Unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 4th manned lunar landing Horizon 95 Horizon 2-CD-21 9 Jun 1959 1 Feb 1966 21st unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing


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Horizon 96 Horizon 2-CD-22 9 Jun 1959 1 Feb 1966 22nd unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing

Horizon 97 Horizon 2-GSU4-1 9 Jun 1959 1 Feb 19661st unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 4th manned lunar landing

Horizon 98 Horizon 2-GSU4-2 9 Jun 1959 1 Feb 19662nd unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 4th manned lunar landing

Horizon 99 Horizon 2-GSU4-3 9 Jun 1959 1 Feb 19663rd unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 4th manned lunar landing

Horizon 100 Horizon 2-CD-23 9 Jun 1959 1 Mar 1966 23rd unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 101 Horizon 2-CD-24 9 Jun 1959 1 Mar 1966 24th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing

Horizon 102 Horizon 2-GSU4-4 9 Jun 1959 1 Mar 19664th unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 4th manned lunar landing



Horizon 105 Horizon 1-GS-5 9 Jun 1959 1 Apr 1966 Manned Horizon Saturn I orbital support of 5th manned lunar landing X Horizon 106 Horizon 1-GSU5-1 9 Jun 1959 1 Apr 1966 1st unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 5th manned lunar landing Horizon 107 Horizon 2-CD-25 9 Jun 1959 1 Apr 1966 25th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 108 Horizon 2-CD-26 9 Jun 1959 1 Apr 1966 26th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 109 Horizon 2-EV-4 9 Jun 1959 1 Apr 1966 4th unmanned Horizon emergency vehicle Saturn II orbital

Horizon 110 Horizon 2-GSU5-1 9 Jun 1959 1 Apr 19661st unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 5th manned lunar landing

Horizon 111 Horizon 2-GSU5-2 9 Jun 1959 1 Apr 19662nd unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 5th manned lunar landing

Horizon 112 Horizon 1-EV-5 9 Jun 1959 1 May 1966 5th unmanned Horizon emergency vehicle Saturn I orbital Horizon 113 Horizon 2-CD-27 9 Jun 1959 1 May 1966 27th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 114 Horizon 2-CD-28 9 Jun 1959 1 May 1966 28th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing

Horizon 115 Horizon 2-GSU5-3 9 Jun 1959 1 May 19663rd unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 5th manned lunar landing

Horizon 116 Horizon 2-GSU5-4 9 Jun 1959 1 May 19664th unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 5th manned lunar landing


Horizon 118 Horizon 1-G-5 9 Jun 1959 1 Jun 1966 5th Horizon Saturn I crew for 5th manned lunar landing X Horizon 119 Horizon 1-GSU5-2 9 Jun 1959 1 Jun 1966 2nd unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 5th manned lunar landing Horizon 120 Horizon 2-CD-29 9 Jun 1959 1 Jun 1966 29th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 121 Horizon 2-CD-30 9 Jun 1959 1 Jun 1966 30th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 122 Horizon 2-EV-5 9 Jun 1959 1 Jun 1966 5th unmanned Horizon emergency vehicle Saturn II orbital

Horizon 123 Horizon 2-GSU5-6 9 Jun 1959 1 Jun 19666th unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 5th manned lunar landing


Horizon 125 Horizon 2-CAU3-1 9 Jun 1959 1 Jul 19661st unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 3rd assembled cargo lunar landing


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Horizon 126 Horizon 2-CAU3-2 9 Jun 1959 1 Jul 19662nd unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 3rd assembled cargo lunar landing

Horizon 127 Horizon 2-CAU3-3 9 Jun 1959 1 Jul 19663rd unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 3rd assembled cargo lunar landing

Horizon 128 Horizon 2-CD-31 9 Jun 1959 1 Jul 1966 31st unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 129 Horizon 2-CD-32 9 Jun 1959 1 Jul 1966 32nd unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 130 Horizon 2-CD-33 9 Jun 1959 1 Jul 1966 33rd unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing

Horizon 131 Horizon 1-CA3-1 9 Jun 1959 1 Aug 1966Manned Horizon Saturn I orbital support of 3rd assembled cargo lunar landing X

Horizon 132 Horizon 1-CAU3-1 9 Jun 1959 1 Aug 1966Unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 3rd assembled cargo lunar landing

Horizon 133 Horizon 2-CAU3-4 9 Jun 1959 1 Aug 19664th unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 3rd assembled cargo lunar landing



Horizon 136 Horizon 2-CD-34 9 Jun 1959 1 Aug 1966 34th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 137 Horizon 2-CD-35 9 Jun 1959 1 Aug 1966 35th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 138 Horizon 1-EV-6 9 Jun 1959 1 Sep 1966 6th unmanned Horizon emergency vehicle Saturn I orbital Horizon 139 Horizon 2-CD-36 9 Jun 1959 1 Sep 1966 36th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 140 Horizon 2-CD-37 9 Jun 1959 1 Sep 1966 37th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 141 Horizon 2-CD-38 9 Jun 1959 1 Sep 1966 38th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing

Horizon 142 Horizon 2-GSU6-1 9 Jun 1959 1 Sep 19661st unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 6th manned lunar landing

Horizon 143 Horizon 2-GSU6-2 9 Jun 1959 1 Sep 19662nd unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 6th manned lunar landing

Horizon 144 Horizon 2-GSU6-3 9 Jun 1959 1 Sep 19663rd unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 6th manned lunar landing

Horizon 145 Horizon 1-G-6 9 Jun 1959 1 Oct 1966 6th Horizon Saturn I crew for 6th manned lunar landing X Horizon 146 Horizon 2-CD-39 9 Jun 1959 1 Oct 1966 39th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 147 Horizon 2-CD-40 9 Jun 1959 1 Oct 1966 40th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 148 Horizon 2-EV-6 9 Jun 1959 1 Oct 1966 6th unmanned Horizon emergency vehicle Saturn II orbital

Horizon 149 Horizon 2-GSU6-4 9 Jun 1959 1 Oct 19664th unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 6th manned lunar landing



Horizon 152 Horizon 2-CAU4-1 9 Jun 1959 1 Nov 19661st unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 4th assembled cargo lunar landing

Horizon 153 Horizon 2-CAU4-2 9 Jun 1959 1 Nov 19662nd unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 4th assembled cargo lunar landing

Horizon 154 Horizon 2-CAU4-3 9 Jun 1959 1 Nov 19663rd unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 4th assembled cargo lunar landing

Horizon 155 Horizon 2-CD-41 9 Jun 1959 1 Nov 1966 41st unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing


21


Horizon 156 Horizon 2-CD-42 9 Jun 1959 1 Nov 1966 42nd unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 157 Horizon 2-CD-43 9 Jun 1959 1 Nov 1966 43rd unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing

Horizon 158 Horizon 1-CA4-1 9 Jun 1959 1 Dec 1966Manned Horizon Saturn I orbital support of 4rd assembled cargo lunar landing X

Horizon 159 Horizon 1-CAU4-1 9 Jun 1959 1 Dec 1966Unmanned Horizon Saturn I orbital for 4th assembled cargo lunar landing

Horizon 160 Horizon 2-CAU4-4 9 Jun 1959 1 Dec 19664th unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 4th assembled cargo lunar landing

Horizon 161 Horizon 2-CAU4-5 9 Jun 1959 1 Dec 19665th unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 4th assembled cargo lunar landing

Horizon 162 Horizon 2-CD-44 9 Jun 1959 1 Dec 1966 44th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 163 Horizon 2-CD-45 9 Jun 1959 1 Dec 1966 45th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 164 Horizon 2-CD-46 9 Jun 1959 1 Jan 1967 46th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 165 Horizon 2-CD-47 9 Jun 1959 1 Jan 1967 47th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 166 Horizon 2-CD-48 9 Jun 1959 1 Jan 1967 48th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing

Horizon 167 Horizon 2-GSU7-1 9 Jun 1959 1 Jan 19671st unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 7th manned lunar landing

Horizon 168 Horizon 2-GSU7-2 9 Jun 1959 1 Jan 19672nd unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 7th manned lunar landing

Horizon 169 Horizon 2-CD-49 9 Jun 1959 1 Feb 1967 49th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 170 Horizon 2-CD-50 9 Jun 1959 1 Feb 1967 50th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 171 Horizon 2-EV-7 9 Jun 1959 1 Feb 1967 7th unmanned Horizon emergency vehicle Saturn II orbital Horizon 172 Horizon 2-G-7 9 Jun 1959 1 Feb 1967 1st Horizon Saturn II crew for 7th manned lunar landing X

Horizon 173 Horizon 2-GSU7-3 9 Jun 1959 1 Feb 19673rd unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 7th manned lunar landing

Horizon 174 Horizon 2-GSU7-4 9 Jun 1959 1 Feb 19674th unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 7th manned lunar landing

Horizon 175 Horizon 2-CD-51 9 Jun 1959 1 Mar 1967 51st unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 176 Horizon 2-CD-52 9 Jun 1959 1 Mar 1967 52nd unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing




Horizon 180 Horizon 2-CD-53 9 Jun 1959 1 Apr 1967 53rd unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 181 Horizon 2-CD-54 9 Jun 1959 1 Apr 1967 54th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 182 Horizon 2-CD-55 9 Jun 1959 1 Apr 1967 55th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 183 Horizon 2-GS-8 9 Jun 1959 1 Apr 1967 Manned Horizon Saturn I orbital support of 8th manned lunar landing X

Horizon 184 Horizon 2-GSU8-1 9 Jun 1959 1 Apr 19671st unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 8th manned lunar landing

Horizon 185 Horizon 2-GSU8-2 9 Jun 1959 1 Apr 19672nd unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 8th manned lunar landing

Horizon 186 Horizon 2-CD-56 9 Jun 1959 1 May 1967 56th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 187 Horizon 2-CD-57 9 Jun 1959 1 May 1967 57th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing


22


Horizon 188 Horizon 2-EV-8 9 Jun 1959 1 May 1967 8th unmanned Horizon emergency vehicle Saturn II orbital

Horizon 189 Horizon 2-GSU8-3 9 Jun 1959 1 May 19673rd unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 8th manned lunar landing


Horizon 191 Horizon 2-CD-58 9 Jun 1959 1 Jun 1967 58th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 192 Horizon 2-CD-59 9 Jun 1959 1 Jun 1967 59th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 193 Horizon 2-G-8 9 Jun 1959 1 Jun 1967 2nd Horizon Saturn II crew for 8th manned lunar landing X




Horizon 197 Horizon 2-CD-60 9 Jun 1959 1 Jul 1967 60th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 198 Horizon 2-CD-61 9 Jun 1959 1 Jul 1967 61st unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 199 Horizon 2-CD-62 9 Jun 1959 1 Jul 1967 62nd unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing

Horizon 200 Horizon 2-GSU9-1 9 Jun 1959 1 Jul 19671st unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 9th manned lunar landing

Horizon 201 Horizon 2-GSU9-2 9 Jun 1959 1 Jul 19672nd unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 9th manned lunar landing

Horizon 202 Horizon 2-CD-63 9 Jun 1959 1 Aug 1967 63rd unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 203 Horizon 2-CD-64 9 Jun 1959 1 Aug 1967 64th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 204 Horizon 2-EV-9 9 Jun 1959 1 Aug 1967 9th unmanned Horizon emergency vehicle Saturn II orbital Horizon 205 Horizon 2-G-9 9 Jun 1959 1 Aug 1967 3rd Horizon Saturn II crew for 9th manned lunar landing X

Horizon 206 Horizon 2-GSU9-3 9 Jun 1959 1 Aug 19673rd unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 9th manned lunar landing

Horizon 207 Horizon 2-GSU9-4 9 Jun 1959 1 Aug 19674th unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 9th manned lunar landing

Horizon 208 Horizon 2-CD-65 9 Jun 1959 1 Sep 1967 65th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 209 Horizon 2-CD-66 9 Jun 1959 1 Sep 1967 66th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing

Horizon 210 Horizon 2-GSU9-5 9 Jun 1959 1 Sep 19675th unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 9th manned lunar landing



Horizon 213 Horizon 2-CD-67 9 Jun 1959 1 Oct 1967 67th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 214 Horizon 2-CD-68 9 Jun 1959 1 Oct 1967 68th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 215 Horizon 2-CD-69 9 Jun 1959 1 Oct 1967 69th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 216 Horizon 2-GS-10 9 Jun 1959 1 Oct 1967 Manned Horizon Saturn I orbital support of 10th manned lunar landing X

Horizon 217 Horizon 2-GSU10-1 9 Jun 1959 1 Oct 19671st unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 10th manned lunar landing

Horizon 218 Horizon 2-GSU10-2 9 Jun 1959 1 Oct 19672nd unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 10th manned lunar landing


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Horizon 219 Horizon 2-CD-70 9 Jun 1959 1 Nov 1967 70th unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 220 Horizon 2-CD-71 9 Jun 1959 1 Nov 1967 71st unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 221 Horizon 2-EV-10 9 Jun 1959 1 Nov 1967 10th unmanned Horizon emergency vehicle Saturn II orbital

Horizon 222 Horizon 2-GSU10-3 9 Jun 1959 1 Nov 19673rd unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 10th manned lunar landing

Horizon 223 Horizon 2-GSU10-4 9 Jun 1959 1 Nov 19674th unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 10th manned lunar landing

Horizon 224 Horizon 2-CD-72 9 Jun 1959 1 Dec 1967 72nd unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 225 Horizon 2-CD-73 9 Jun 1959 1 Dec 1967 73rd unmanned Horizon Saturn II direct cargo lunar landing Horizon 226 Horizon 2-G-10 9 Jun 1959 1 Dec 1967 4th Horizon Saturn II crew for 10th manned lunar landing X

Horizon 227 Horizon 2-GSU10-5 9 Jun 1959 1 Dec 19675th unmanned Horizon Saturn II orbital support of 10th manned lunar landing



Big Joe 1 Mercury A-SB 9 Sep 1959 9 Sep 1959 Boilerplate Mercury Atlas suborbital X Dyna Soar 6 Dyna Soar 1SU-6 1 Nov 1959 1 Feb 1964 6th unmanned Dyna Soar Titan I suborbital Dyna Soar 7 Dyna Soar 1SU-7 1 Nov 1959 1 Mar 1964 7th unmanned Dyna Soar Titan I suborbital Dyna Soar 8 Dyna Soar 1SU-8 1 Nov 1959 1 Apr 1964 8th unmanned Dyna Soar Titan I suborbital Mercury Redstone 8 Mercury R-6 3 Feb 1960 1 Feb 1961 6th manned Mercury Redstone suborbital X Korabl Sputnik 1 Vostok 1KP 15 May 1960 15 May 1960 Unmanned Vostok 1K prototype orbital X LeRC Mars 1P-1 Mars LeRC60 1P-1 1 Jul 1960 21 Feb 1971 1st propulsion unit for LeRC Mars LeRC Mars 1P-2 Mars LeRC60 1P-2 1 Jul 1960 13 Mar 1971 2nd propulsion unit for LeRC Mars LeRC Mars 1P-3 Mars LeRC60 1P-3 1 Jul 1960 2 Apr 1971 3rd propulsion unit for LeRC Mars LeRC Mars 1P-4 Mars LeRC60 1P-4 1 Jul 1960 22 Apr 1971 4th propulsion unit for LeRC Mars LeRC Mars 1P-5 Mars LeRC60 1P-5 1 Jul 1960 12 May 1971 5th propulsion unit for LeRC Mars TMK-E 1P Mars TMK-E P 1 Jul 1960 1 Jun 1971 Chemical propulsion for 1st manned TMK-E conjunction class LeRC Mars 1P-6 Mars LeRC60 1P-6 1 Jul 1960 3 Jun 1971 6th propulsion unit for LeRC Mars

LeRC Mars 1 Mars LeRC60 1 1 Jul 1960 8 Jun 1971Manned LeRC Mars opposition class; MOI 5 Nov 1971, TEI 15 Dec 1971 X

TMK-E 1 Mars TMK-E 1 1 Jul 1960 8 Jun 1971 1st manned TMK-E conjunction class; MOI 23 Apr 1972 X Korabl Sputnik 1K-1 Vostok 1K-1 28 Jul 1960 28 Jul 1960 1st unmanned Vostok 1K production spacecraft orbital X Mercury Atlas 1 Mercury A-SU-1 29 Jul 1960 29 Jul 1960 1st unmanned Mercury Atlas suborbital X Apollo 101 Apollo 1-AS-1 1 Aug 1960 1 Sep 1963 1st unmanned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 parabolic reentry Apollo 102 Apollo 1-AS-2 1 Aug 1960 1 Jan 1964 2nd unmanned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 parabolic reentry Apollo LRS-4 Apollo AA-LRS-4 1 Aug 1960 1 Apr 1964 4th lunar reentry simulation on Atlas Agena Apollo 103 Apollo 1-AS-3 1 Aug 1960 1 May 1964 3rd unmanned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 parabolic reentry Apollo 104 Apollo 1-AS-4 1 Aug 1960 1 Sep 1964 4th unmanned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 parabolic reentry Apollo Atlas 1 Apollo AT-1 1 Aug 1960 1 Oct 1964 1st suborbital on Atlas Apollo 105 Apollo 1-AS-5 1 Aug 1960 1 Jan 1965 5th unmanned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 parabolic reentry Apollo Atlas 2 Apollo AT-2 1 Aug 1960 1 Apr 1965 2nd suborbital on Atlas


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Apollo 106 Apollo 1-AS-6 1 Aug 1960 1 May 1965 6th unmanned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 parabolic reentry Apollo Atlas 3 Apollo AT-3 1 Aug 1960 1 Jul 1965 3rd suborbital on Atlas Apollo 107 Apollo 1-AS-7 1 Aug 1960 1 Aug 1965 7th unmanned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 parabolic reentry Apollo Centaur 1 Apollo ACS-1 1 Aug 1960 1 Nov 1965 1st high altitude abort on Atlas Centaur Apollo Centaur 2 Apollo AC-1 1 Aug 1960 1 Feb 1966 1st orbital on Atlas Centaur

Apollo 201 Apollo 2-A-1 1 Aug 1960 1 Mar 19661st unmanned Apollo CSM Saturn C-2 orbital; Escape system qualification

Apollo Centaur 3 Apollo AC-2 1 Aug 1960 1 Jul 1966 2nd orbital on Atlas Centaur Apollo 202 Apollo 2-A-2 1 Aug 1960 1 Aug 1966 2nd unmanned Apollo CSM Saturn C-2 orbital Apollo Centaur 4 Apollo AC-3 1 Aug 1960 1 Nov 1966 3rd orbital on Atlas Centaur Apollo Centaur 5 Apollo AC-4 1 Aug 1960 1 Feb 1967 4th orbital on Atlas Centaur Apollo Centaur 6 Apollo AC-5 1 Aug 1960 1 May 1967 5th orbital on Atlas Centaur Apollo 206 Apollo 2-AE-1 1 Aug 1960 1 Nov 1967 1st unmanned Apollo CSM Saturn C-2 high elliptical orbital Korabl Sputnik 2 Vostok 1K-2 19 Aug 1960 19 Aug 1960 2nd unmanned Vostok 1K production spacecraft orbital X Dyna Soar 3 Dyna Soar 1SU-3 1 Sep 1960 1 May 1964 3rd unmanned Dyna Soar Titan I suborbital Dyna Soar 4 Dyna Soar 1SU-4 1 Sep 1960 1 Jul 1964 4th unmanned Dyna Soar Titan I suborbital Dyna Soar 5 Dyna Soar 1SU-5 1 Sep 1960 1 Sep 1964 5th unmanned Dyna Soar Titan I suborbital Apollo 107 Apollo 1-BP-5 30 Sep 1960 1 Dec 1964 5th boilerplate Apollo Saturn C-1 parabolic reentry

Apollo 203 Apollo 2-E-3 30 Sep 1960 1 Sep 19683rd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-2 high elliptical orbital; High elliptical orbit or lunar flyby X

Apollo 204 Apollo 2-E-4 30 Sep 1960 1 Dec 19684th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-2 high elliptical orbital; High elliptical orbit or lunar flyby X

Apollo 208 Apollo 2-EP-4 30 Sep 1960 1 May 19704th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-2 lunar flyby; High elliptical orbit or lunar flyby X

Apollo 209 Apollo 2-EP-5 30 Sep 1960 1 Jun 19705th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-2 lunar flyby; High elliptical orbit or lunar flyby X

Dyna Soar 1 Dyna Soar 1SU-1 1 Nov 1960 1 Oct 1963 1st unmanned Dyna Soar Titan I suborbital Dyna Soar 2 Dyna Soar 1SU-2 1 Nov 1960 1 Dec 1963 2nd unmanned Dyna Soar Titan I suborbital Dyna Soar 3 Dyna Soar 1S-1 1 Nov 1960 1 Feb 1964 1st manned Dyna Soar Titan I suborbital X Dyna Soar 4 Dyna Soar 1S-2 1 Nov 1960 1 Apr 1964 2nd manned Dyna Soar Titan I suborbital X Dyna Soar 5 Dyna Soar 1S-3 1 Nov 1960 1 Jun 1964 3rd manned Dyna Soar Titan I suborbital X Dyna Soar 6 Dyna Soar 1S-4 1 Nov 1960 1 Aug 1964 4th manned Dyna Soar Titan I suborbital X Dyna Soar 7 Dyna Soar 1S-5 1 Nov 1960 1 Oct 1964 5th manned Dyna Soar Titan I suborbital X Dyna Soar 8 Dyna Soar 1S-6 1 Nov 1960 1 Dec 1964 6th manned Dyna Soar Titan I suborbital X Dyna Soar 9 Dyna Soar 1S-7 1 Nov 1960 1 Feb 1965 7th manned Dyna Soar Titan I suborbital X Dyna Soar 10 Dyna Soar 1S-8 1 Nov 1960 1 Apr 1965 8th manned Dyna Soar Titan I suborbital X Dyna Soar 11 Dyna Soar 1S-9 1 Nov 1960 1 Jun 1965 9th manned Dyna Soar Titan I suborbital X Dyna Soar 12 Dyna Soar 1S-10 1 Nov 1960 1 Aug 1965 10th manned Dyna Soar Titan I suborbital X Dyna Soar 13 Dyna Soar 1S-11 1 Nov 1960 1 Oct 1965 11th manned Dyna Soar Titan I suborbital X Dyna Soar 14 Dyna Soar 1S-12 1 Nov 1960 1 Dec 1965 12th manned Dyna Soar Titan I suborbital X Dyna Soar 15 Dyna Soar 1S-13 1 Nov 1960 1 Feb 1966 13th manned Dyna Soar Titan I suborbital X


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Dyna Soar 17 Dyna Soar 1S-14 1 Nov 1960 1 Apr 1966 14th manned Dyna Soar Titan I suborbital X Mercury Redstone 1 Mercury RU-1 21 Nov 1960 21 Nov 1960 1st manned Mercury Redstone suborbital X Mercury Atlas 5 Mercury A-OU-3 28 Nov 1960 1 Aug 1961 3rd unmanned Mercury Atlas orbital Korabl Sputnik 3 Vostok 1K-3 1 Dec 1960 1 Dec 1960 3rd unmanned Vostok 1K production spacecraft orbital X Apollo 101 Apollo 1- BS-1 15 Dec 1960 1 Aug 1963 Boilerplate Apollo Saturn C-1 suborbital; S-I + S-IV live, abort simulation Mercury Redstone 1A Mercury RU-1A 19 Dec 1960 19 Dec 1960 1st manned Mercury Redstone suborbital reflight X Korabl Sputnik 1K-4 Vostok 1K-4 22 Dec 1960 22 Dec 1960 4th unmanned Vostok 1K production spacecraft orbital X Apollo 803 Apollo 8-AX-3 1 Jan 1961 1 Nov 1965 3rd unmanned Nova 1 one live stage suborbital Apollo 817 Apollo 8-A-5 1 Jan 1961 1 Mar 1968 5th unmanned Apollo CSM Nova orbital Apollo 818 Apollo 8-A-6 1 Jan 1961 1 May 1968 6th unmanned Apollo CSM Nova orbital Mercury Redstone 7 Mercury R-5 10 Jan 1961 2 Oct 1961 5th manned Mercury Redstone suborbital X Mercury Atlas 13 Mercury A-X-5 20 Jan 1961 1 Jan 1963 5th manned Mercury Atlas extended orbital X Mercury Atlas 14 Mercury A-X-6 20 Jan 1961 1 Mar 1963 6th manned Mercury Atlas extended orbital X Mercury Atlas 15 Mercury A-X-7 20 Jan 1961 1 May 1963 7th manned Mercury Atlas extended orbital X Mercury Atlas 16 Mercury A-X-8 20 Jan 1961 1 Jul 1963 8th manned Mercury Atlas extended orbital X Mercury Atlas 17 Mercury A-X-9 20 Jan 1961 1 Sep 1963 9th manned Mercury Atlas extended orbital X Apollo LRS-1 Apollo AA-LRS-1 20 Jan 1961 1 Oct 1963 1st aerothermodynamic and materials evaluation on Atlas Agena Mercury Atlas 18 Mercury A-X-10 20 Jan 1961 1 Nov 1963 10th manned Mercury Atlas extended orbital X Mercury Atlas 19 Mercury A-X-11 20 Jan 1961 1 Jan 1964 11th manned Mercury Atlas extended orbital X Mercury Atlas 20 Mercury A-X-12 20 Jan 1961 1 Mar 1964 12th manned Mercury Atlas extended orbital X Apollo LRS-2 Apollo AA-LRS-2 20 Jan 1961 1 Apr 1964 2nd aerothermodynamic and materials evaluation on Atlas Agena Mercury Atlas 21 Mercury A-X-13 20 Jan 1961 1 May 1964 13th manned Mercury Atlas extended orbital X Apollo LRS-3 Apollo AA-LRS-3 20 Jan 1961 1 Jul 1964 3rd aerothermodynamic and materials evaluation on Atlas Agena Mercury Atlas 22 Mercury A-X-14 20 Jan 1961 1 Jul 1964 14th manned Mercury Atlas extended orbital X Mercury Atlas 23 Mercury A-X-15 20 Jan 1961 1 Sep 1964 15th manned Mercury Atlas extended orbital X Mercury Atlas 24 Mercury A-X-16 20 Jan 1961 1 Nov 1964 16th manned Mercury Atlas extended orbital X Mercury Atlas 25 Mercury A-X-17 20 Jan 1961 1 Jan 1965 17th manned Mercury Atlas extended orbital X Mercury Atlas 26 Mercury A-X-18 20 Jan 1961 1 Mar 1965 18th manned Mercury Atlas extended orbital X Apollo 104 Apollo 1-BO-4 20 Jan 1961 1 May 1965 4th boilerplate Apollo Saturn C-1 orbital; Spacecraft development X Mercury Atlas 27 Mercury A-X-19 20 Jan 1961 1 May 1965 19th manned Mercury Atlas extended orbital X Mercury Atlas 28 Mercury A-X-20 20 Jan 1961 1 Jul 1965 20th manned Mercury Atlas extended orbital X Apollo Atlas 1 Apollo A-A-1 20 Jan 1961 1 Aug 1965 1st abort propulsion system qualification on Atlas Mercury Atlas 29 Mercury A-X-21 20 Jan 1961 1 Sep 1965 21st manned Mercury Atlas extended orbital X Apollo Atlas 2 Apollo A-A-2 20 Jan 1961 1 Oct 1965 2nd abort propulsion system qualification on Atlas Mercury Atlas 30 Mercury A-X-22 20 Jan 1961 1 Nov 1965 22nd manned Mercury Atlas extended orbital X Apollo Atlas 3 Apollo A-A-3 20 Jan 1961 1 Dec 1965 3rd abort propulsion system qualification on Atlas Apollo Atlas 4 Apollo A-S-1 20 Jan 1961 1 Jan 1966 1st suborbital exercise on Atlas Mercury Atlas 31 Mercury A-X-23 20 Jan 1961 1 Jan 1966 23rd manned Mercury Atlas extended orbital X


26


Apollo 108 Apollo 1-A-4 20 Jan 1961 1 Mar 19664th unmanned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 Earth orbital; Spacecraft qualification

Apollo Atlas 5 Apollo A-S-2 20 Jan 1961 1 Mar 1966 2nd suborbital exercise on Atlas Apollo Atlas 6 Apollo A-S-3 20 Jan 1961 1 May 1966 3rd suborbital exercise on Atlas Apollo Atlas 7 Apollo A-S-4 20 Jan 1961 1 Jul 1966 4th suborbital exercise on Atlas Apollo Atlas 8 Apollo A-S-5 20 Jan 1961 1 Sep 1966 5th suborbital exercise on Atlas

Apollo 203 Apollo 2-A-1 20 Jan 1961 1 Oct 19661st unmanned Apollo CSM Saturn C-2 orbital; Circumlunar system qualification

Apollo Atlas 9 Apollo A-S-6 20 Jan 1961 1 Nov 1966 6th suborbital exercise on Atlas Apollo Atlas 10 Apollo A-S-7 20 Jan 1961 1 Jan 1967 7th suborbital exercise on Atlas Apollo Atlas 11 Apollo A-S-8 20 Jan 1961 1 Mar 1967 8th suborbital exercise on Atlas Apollo Atlas 12 Apollo A-S-9 20 Jan 1961 1 May 1967 9th suborbital exercise on Atlas

Apollo 205 Apollo 2-A-2 20 Jan 1961 1 Jun 19672nd unmanned Apollo CSM Saturn C-2 orbital; Circumlunar system qualification

Apollo Atlas 13 Apollo A-LP-1 20 Jan 1961 1 Sep 1967 1st lunar landing propulsion system qualification on Atlas

Apollo 207 Apollo 2-C-1 20 Jan 1961 1 Nov 19671st manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-2 orbital; Circumlunar system qualification X

Apollo 212 Apollo 2-C-2 20 Jan 1961 1 Jan 1968 2nd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-2 orbital; Lunar return exercise X Apollo 214 Apollo 2-C-3 20 Jan 1961 1 Mar 1968 3rd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-2 orbital; Lunar return exercise X Apollo Atlas 14 Apollo A-LP-2 20 Jan 1961 1 May 1968 2nd lunar landing propulsion system qualification on Atlas Apollo 216 Apollo 2-C-4 20 Jan 1961 1 Jul 1968 4th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-2 orbital; Lunar return exercise X Apollo 217 Apollo 2-CD-1 20 Jan 1961 1 Aug 1968 1st manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-2 orbital rendezvous qualification X Apollo 218 Apollo 2-C-5 20 Jan 1961 1 Sep 1968 5th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-2 orbital; Lunar return exercise X Apollo 119 Apollo 1-C-11 20 Jan 1961 1 Oct 1968 11th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 orbital X Apollo 219 Apollo 2-CD-2 20 Jan 1961 1 Nov 1968 2nd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-2 orbital rendezvous qualification X Apollo 120 Apollo 1-C-12 20 Jan 1961 1 Dec 1968 12th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 orbital X Apollo 220 Apollo 2-CD-3 20 Jan 1961 1 Jan 1969 3rd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-2 orbital rendezvous qualification X Apollo Atlas 15 Apollo A-LP-3 20 Jan 1961 1 Mar 1969 3rd lunar landing propulsion system qualification on Atlas Apollo 221 Apollo 2-CD-4 20 Jan 1961 1 Apr 1969 4th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-2 orbital rendezvous qualification X Apollo Atlas 16 Apollo A-LL-1 20 Jan 1961 1 Jul 1969 1st lunar landing exercise on Atlas Apollo Atlas 17 Apollo A-LL-2 20 Jan 1961 1 Sep 1969 2nd lunar landing exercise on Atlas Apollo Atlas 18 Apollo A-LL-3 20 Jan 1961 1 Nov 1969 3rd lunar landing exercise on Atlas Apollo Atlas 19 Apollo A-LL-4 20 Jan 1961 1 Jan 1970 4th lunar landing exercise on Atlas Apollo Atlas 20 Apollo A-LL-5 20 Jan 1961 1 Mar 1970 5th lunar landing exercise on Atlas Apollo Atlas 21 Apollo A-LL-6 20 Jan 1961 1 May 1970 6th lunar landing exercise on Atlas Mercury Redstone 2 Mercury RU-2 31 Jan 1961 31 Jan 1961 2nd manned Mercury Redstone suborbital X Dyna Soar 18 Dyna Soar 2S-14 1 Feb 1961 1 Aug 1966 14th manned Dyna Soar Titan II suborbital X Apollo 105 Apollo 1-BP-4 9 Feb 1961 1 Apr 1965 4th boilerplate Apollo Saturn C-1 parabolic reentry Apollo 802 Apollo 8-AX-2 20 Feb 1961 1 Oct 1966 2nd unmanned Nova 1 one live stage suborbital Apollo 803 Apollo 8-AX-3 20 Feb 1961 1 Jan 1967 3rd unmanned Nova 1 one live stage suborbital Apollo 804 Apollo 8-AX-4 20 Feb 1961 1 Apr 1967 4th unmanned Nova 1 one live stage suborbital


27


Apollo 806 Apollo 8-AY-2 20 Feb 1961 1 Oct 1967 2nd unmanned Nova 1 two live stages suborbital Apollo 807 Apollo 8-AY-3 20 Feb 1961 1 Jan 1968 3rd unmanned Nova 1 two live stages suborbital Apollo 808 Apollo 8-AY-4 20 Feb 1961 1 Apr 1968 4th unmanned Nova 1 two live stages suborbital Apollo 809 Apollo 8-AZ-1 20 Feb 1961 1 Jul 1968 1st unmanned Nova 1 three live stages suborbital Apollo 810 Apollo 8-AZ-2 20 Feb 1961 1 Oct 1968 2nd unmanned Nova 1 three live stages suborbital Apollo 812 Apollo 8-AZ-4 20 Feb 1961 1 Apr 1969 4th unmanned Nova 1 three live stages suborbital Apollo 814 Apollo 8-A-2 20 Feb 1961 1 Nov 1969 2nd unmanned Apollo CSM Nova orbital Apollo 815 Apollo 8-A-3 20 Feb 1961 1 Mar 1970 3rd unmanned Apollo CSM Nova orbital Apollo 816 Apollo 8-A-4 20 Feb 1961 1 Jul 1970 4th unmanned Apollo CSM Nova orbital Mercury Atlas 2 Mercury A-SU-2 21 Feb 1961 21 Feb 1961 2nd unmanned Mercury Atlas suborbital X Korabl Sputnik 4 Vostok 3KA-U1 9 Mar 1961 9 Mar 1961 1st unmanned Vostok 3KA orbital X Mercury Redstone BD Mercury RU-3 24 Mar 1961 24 Mar 1961 3rd manned Mercury Redstone suborbital X Korabl Sputnik 5 Vostok 3KA-U2 25 Mar 1961 25 Mar 1961 2nd unmanned Vostok 3KA orbital X Vostok 1 Vostok 3KA-1 12 Apr 1961 12 Apr 1961 1st manned Vostok 3KA orbital X X Mercury D-1 Mercury A-D-1 19 Apr 1961 1 May 1963 1st manned Mercury Atlas docking X MORAD 1 Mercury A-DT-1 19 Apr 1961 1 May 1963 1st unmanned Scout docking target for Mercury Mercury D-2 Mercury A-D-2 19 Apr 1961 1 Aug 1963 2nd manned Mercury Atlas docking X MORAD 2 Mercury A-DT-2 19 Apr 1961 1 Aug 1963 2nd unmanned Scout docking target for Mercury Mercury Atlas 3 Mercury A-SU-3 25 Apr 1961 25 Apr 1961 3rd unmanned Mercury Atlas suborbital X Dyna Soar 21 Dyna Soar CO-7 26 Apr 1961 1 Oct 1967 7th manned Dyna Soar Titan II/Centaur orbital X Dyna Soar 22 Dyna Soar CO-8 26 Apr 1961 1 Jan 1968 8th manned Dyna Soar Titan II/Centaur orbital X Dyna Soar 23 Dyna Soar CO-9 26 Apr 1961 1 Apr 1968 9th manned Dyna Soar Titan II/Centaur orbital X Dyna Soar III Dyna Soar 3OP-1 26 Apr 1961 1 Oct 1971 1st manned operational Dyna Soar Titan IIIC orbital X Mercury Redstone 3 Mercury R-1 5 May 1961 5 May 1961 1st manned Mercury Redstone suborbital X X Mercury Redstone 6 Mercury R-4 5 May 1961 1 Oct 1961 4th manned Mercury Redstone suborbital X Apollo 101 Apollo 1-BS-1 15 May 1961 1 Oct 1963 1st boilerplate Apollo Saturn C-1 suborbital Apollo 102 Apollo 1-BS-2 15 May 1961 1 Jan 1964 2nd boilerplate Apollo Saturn C-1 suborbital Apollo 103 Apollo 1-BS-3 15 May 1961 1 Mar 1964 3rd boilerplate Apollo Saturn C-1 suborbital Apollo 104 Apollo 1-BS-4 15 May 1961 1 May 1964 4th boilerplate Apollo Saturn C-1 suborbital Apollo 105 Apollo 1-BA-1 15 May 1961 1 Jul 1964 Unmanned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 abort-powered flight development

Apollo 107 Apollo 1-A-1 15 May 1961 1 Aug 19641st unmanned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 Earth orbital; Circular, development

Apollo 108 Apollo 1-A-2 15 May 1961 1 Nov 19642nd unmanned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 Earth orbital; Circular, development

Apollo 109 Apollo 1-A-3 15 May 1961 1 Feb 19653rd unmanned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 Earth orbital; Circular, development

Apollo 201 Apollo 2-AE-1 15 May 1961 1 Aug 19651st unmanned Apollo CSM Saturn C-2 high elliptical orbital; Cislunar, 50,000 mi

Apollo 202 Apollo 2-AE-2 15 May 1961 1 Dec 19652nd unmanned Apollo CSM Saturn C-2 high elliptical orbital; Cislunar, 150,000 mi

Apollo 203 Apollo 2-E-1 15 May 1961 1 Apr 19661st manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-2 high elliptical orbital; Cislunar, 150,000 mi X


28


Apollo 117 Apollo 1-E-1 15 May 1961 1 Jun 1966 1st manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 high elliptical orbital X

Apollo 204 Apollo 2-E-2 15 May 1961 1 Jul 19662nd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-2 high elliptical orbital; Cislunar, 150,000 mi X

Apollo 118 Apollo 1-E-2 15 May 1961 1 Aug 1966 2nd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 high elliptical orbital X Apollo 205 Apollo 2-EP-1 15 May 1961 1 Oct 1966 1st manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-2 lunar flyby X Apollo 206 Apollo 2-EP-2 15 May 1961 1 Jan 1967 2nd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-2 lunar flyby X Apollo 207 Apollo 2-EP-3 15 May 1961 1 Mar 1967 3rd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-2 lunar flyby X Apollo 208 Apollo 2-F-1 15 May 1961 1 Apr 1967 1st manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-2 lunar otbit X Apollo 209 Apollo 2-F-2 15 May 1961 1 Jul 1967 2nd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-2 lunar otbit X Apollo 210 Apollo 2-F-3 15 May 1961 1 Oct 1967 3rd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-2 lunar otbit X Apollo 211 Apollo 2-F-4 15 May 1961 1 Apr 1968 4th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-2 lunar otbit X Lunex Subscale 1 Lunex S-1 29 May 1961 1 Aug 1961 1st subscale Lunex Atlas-speed reentry test Lunex Subscale 2 Lunex S-2 29 May 1961 1 Feb 1962 2nd subscale Lunex Atlas-speed reentry test Lunex Subscale 3 Lunex S-3 29 May 1961 1 Aug 1962 3rd subscale Lunex Atlas-speed reentry test Lunex Subscale 4 Lunex S-4 29 May 1961 1 Feb 1963 4th subscale Lunex Atlas-speed reentry test Lunex Subscale 5 Lunex S-5 29 May 1961 1 Aug 1963 5th subscale Lunex Atlas-speed reentry test SAINT II-1 SAINT II-OU1 29 May 1961 1 Feb 1964 1st unmanned SAINT II Titan II/Chariot orbital SAINT II-2 SAINT II-OU2 29 May 1961 1 May 1964 2nd unmanned SAINT II Titan II/Chariot orbital Lunex 1 Lunex A-1 29 May 1961 1 Aug 1964 1st unmanned Lunex A410 orbital SAINT II-3 SAINT II-OU3 29 May 1961 1 Aug 1964 3rd unmanned SAINT II Titan II/Chariot orbital Lunex 2 Lunex A-2 29 May 1961 1 Nov 1964 2nd unmanned Lunex A410 orbital SAINT II-4 SAINT II-O1 29 May 1961 1 Nov 1964 1st manned SAINT II Titan II/Chariot orbital X Lunex 3 Lunex A-3 29 May 1961 1 Feb 1965 3nd unmanned Lunex A410 orbital SAINT II-5 SAINT II-O2 29 May 1961 1 Feb 1965 2nd manned SAINT II Titan II/Chariot orbital X Lunex 4 Lunex C-1 29 May 1961 1 Apr 1965 1st manned Lunex A410 orbital X SAINT II-6 SAINT II-O3 29 May 1961 1 May 1965 3rd manned SAINT II Titan II/Chariot orbital X Lunex 5 Lunex C-2 29 May 1961 1 Jul 1965 2nd manned Lunex A410 orbital X SAINT II-7 SAINT II-O4 29 May 1961 1 Aug 1965 4th manned SAINT II Titan II/Chariot orbital X Lunex 6 Lunex C-3 29 May 1961 1 Oct 1965 3rd manned Lunex A410 orbital X SAINT II-8 SAINT II-O5 29 May 1961 1 Nov 1965 5th manned SAINT II Titan II/Chariot orbital X Lunex 7 Lunex FU-1 29 May 1961 1 Dec 1965 1st unmanned Lunex AB825 circumlunar Lunex 8 Lunex B2-1 29 May 1961 15 Dec 1965 2nd unmanned Lunex Lunar Launch Stage AB 825 test Lunex 9 Lunex C-4 29 May 1961 1 Jan 1966 4th manned Lunex A410 orbital X Lunex 10 Lunex B1-1 29 May 1961 1 Feb 1966 1st unmanned Lunex Lunar Launch Stage AB 825 test SAINT II-9 SAINT II-O6 29 May 1961 1 Feb 1966 6th manned SAINT II Titan II/Chariot orbital X Lunex 11 Lunex AB-1 29 May 1961 1 Mar 1966 Unmanned Lunex LLchS-RV BC2720 test Lunex 12 Lunex C-5 29 May 1961 1 Apr 1966 5th manned Lunex A410 orbital X SAINT II-10 SAINT II-O7 29 May 1961 1 May 1966 7th manned SAINT II Titan II/Chariot orbital X Lunex 13 Lunex FU-2 29 May 1961 1 Jun 1966 2nd unmanned Lunex AB825 circumlunar


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Lunex 14 Lunex GU-1 29 May 1961 1 Jul 1966 1st unmanned Lunex BC2720 lunar landing SAINT II-11 SAINT II-O8 29 May 1961 1 Aug 1966 8th manned SAINT II Titan II/Chariot orbital X Lunex 15 Lunex CL-1 29 May 1961 1 Sep 1966 1st manned Lunex AB825 circumlunar X SAINT II-12 SAINT II-O9 29 May 1961 1 Nov 1966 9th manned SAINT II Titan II/Chariot orbital X Lunex 16 Lunex CL-2 29 May 1961 1 Dec 1966 2nd manned Lunex AB825 circumlunar X Lunex 17 Lunex GU-2 29 May 1961 1 Jan 1967 2nd unmanned Lunex BC2720 lunar landing SAINT II-13 SAINT II-O10 29 May 1961 1 Feb 1967 10th manned SAINT II Titan II/Chariot orbital X Lunex 18 Lunex CL-3 29 May 1961 1 Mar 1967 3rd manned Lunex AB825 circumlunar X SAINT II-14 SAINT II-O11 29 May 1961 1 May 1967 11th manned SAINT II Titan II/Chariot orbital X Lunex 19 Lunex CL-4 29 May 1961 1 Jun 1967 4th manned Lunex AB825 circumlunar X Lunex 20 Lunex G-1 29 May 1961 1 Aug 1967 1st manned Lunex BC2720 lunar landing X SAINT II-15 SAINT II-O12 29 May 1961 1 Aug 1967 12th manned SAINT II Titan II/Chariot orbital X Lunex 21 Lunex H-1 29 May 1961 1 Sep 1967 2nd manned Lunex BC2720 lunar landing X Lunex 22 Lunex H-2 29 May 1961 1 Oct 1967 3rd manned Lunex BC2720 lunar landing X Lunex 23 Lunex H-3 29 May 1961 1 Nov 1967 4th manned Lunex BC2720 lunar landing X Lunex 24 Lunex H-4 29 May 1961 1 Dec 1967 5th manned Lunex BC2720 lunar landing X Lunex 26 Lunex H-5 29 May 1961 1 Jan 1968 6th manned Lunex BC2720 lunar landing X Lunex 25 Lunex LP-1 29 May 1961 1 Jan 1968 1st Lunex BC2720 permanent lunar base module Lunex 28 Lunex H-6 29 May 1961 1 Feb 1968 7th manned Lunex BC2720 lunar landing X Lunex 27 Lunex LP-2 29 May 1961 1 Feb 1968 2nd Lunex BC2720 permanent lunar base module Lunex 30 Lunex H-7 29 May 1961 1 Mar 1968 8th manned Lunex BC2720 lunar landing X Lunex 29 Lunex LP-3 29 May 1961 1 Mar 1968 3rd Lunex BC2720 permanent lunar base module Lunex 32 Lunex H-8 29 May 1961 1 Apr 1968 9th manned Lunex BC2720 lunar landing X Lunex 31 Lunex LP-4 29 May 1961 1 Apr 1968 4th Lunex BC2720 permanent lunar base module Lunex 34 Lunex H-9 29 May 1961 1 May 1968 10th manned Lunex BC2720 lunar landing X Lunex 33 Lunex LP-5 29 May 1961 1 May 1968 5th Lunex BC2720 permanent lunar base module Lunex 36 Lunex H-10 29 May 1961 1 Jun 1968 11th manned Lunex BC2720 lunar landing X Lunex 35 Lunex LP-6 29 May 1961 1 Jun 1968 6th Lunex BC2720 permanent lunar base module Lunex 38 Lunex H-11 29 May 1961 1 Jul 1968 12th manned Lunex BC2720 lunar landing X Lunex 37 Lunex LP-7 29 May 1961 1 Jul 1968 7th Lunex BC2720 permanent lunar base module Mercury Redstone 4 Mercury R-2 21 Jul 1961 21 Jul 1961 2nd manned Mercury Redstone suborbital X X Mercury Redstone 5 Mercury R-3 1 Aug 1961 1 Sep 1961 3rd manned Mercury Redstone suborbital X Vostok 2 Vostok 3KA-2 6 Aug 1961 6 Aug 1961 2nd manned Vostok 3KA orbital; 1 day X X Mercury MK II 6 Gemini T2-OC-1 14 Aug 1961 1 Jan 1964 1st primate Gemini Titan II orbital Mercury MK II 8 Gemini T2-OC-2 14 Aug 1961 1 May 1964 2nd primate Gemini Titan II orbital Apollo 103 Apollo 1-BO-3 18 Aug 1961 1 Dec 1963 3rd boilerplate Apollo Saturn C-1 orbital X MCTV 8 Gemini AC-TV-1 30 Aug 1961 15 Jan 1965 1st Atlas Centaur docking target for Gemini Mercury MK II 8 Gemini T2-E-1 30 Aug 1961 15 Jan 1965 1st manned Gemini Titan II docking with Centaur target X MCTV 9 Gemini AC-TV-2 30 Aug 1961 1 Mar 1965 2nd Atlas Centaur docking target for Gemini


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Mercury MK II 9 Gemini T2-E-2 30 Aug 1961 1 Mar 1965 2nd manned Gemini Titan II docking with Centaur target X Mercury MK II 10 Gemini T2-L-1 30 Aug 1961 15 Apr 1965 1st manned Gemini Titan II docking with lunar lander X MLEM-10 Gemini T2-LM-1 30 Aug 1961 15 Apr 1965 1st Gemini lunar lander Titan II/Centaur target Mercury MK II 11 Gemini T2-L-2 30 Aug 1961 1 Jun 1965 2nd manned Gemini Titan II docking with lunar lander X MLEM-11 Gemini T2-LM-2 30 Aug 1961 1 Jun 1965 2nd Gemini lunar lander Titan II/Centaur target Mercury MK II 12 Gemini T2-L-3 30 Aug 1961 15 Jul 1965 3rd manned Gemini Titan II docking with lunar lander X MLEM-12 Gemini T2-LM-3 30 Aug 1961 15 Jul 1965 3rd Gemini lunar lander Titan II/Centaur target MCTV 13 Gemini AC-TV-3 30 Aug 1961 1 Sep 1965 3rd Atlas Centaur docking target for Gemini Mercury MK II 13 Gemini T2-EP-1 30 Aug 1961 1 Sep 1965 1st manned Gemini Titan II docking with Centaur for lunar flyby X MCTV 14 Gemini AC-TV-4 30 Aug 1961 15 Oct 1965 4th Atlas Centaur docking target for Gemini Mercury MK II 14 Gemini T2-EP-2 30 Aug 1961 15 Oct 1965 2nd manned Gemini Titan II docking with Centaur for lunar flyby X Mercury MK II 15 Gemini S3-F-1 30 Aug 1961 1 Dec 1965 Manned Gemini Saturn 3 lunar orbital X Mercury MK II 16 Gemini S3-G-1 30 Aug 1961 15 Jan 1966 Manned Gemini Saturn 3 lunar landing X Apollo Titan 1 Apollo T-A-1 8 Sep 1961 1 Sep 1963 1st unmanned Apollo 2MCM Titan II orbital Apollo Titan 2 Apollo T-C-1 8 Sep 1961 1 Nov 1963 1st manned Apollo 2MCM Titan II orbital X Mercury Atlas 4 Mercury A-OU-1 13 Sep 1961 13 Sep 1961 1st unmanned Mercury Atlas orbital X Dyna Soar 1 Dyna Soar 2SU-1 14 Sep 1961 1 Aug 1964 1st unmanned Dyna Soar Titan II suborbital Dyna Soar 2 Dyna Soar 2SU-2 14 Sep 1961 1 Nov 1964 2nd unmanned Dyna Soar Titan II suborbital Dyna Soar 3 Dyna Soar 2S-1 14 Sep 1961 1 Apr 1965 1st manned Dyna Soar Titan II suborbital X Dyna Soar 4 Dyna Soar 2S-2 14 Sep 1961 1 May 1965 2nd manned Dyna Soar Titan II suborbital X Dyna Soar 5 Dyna Soar 2S-3 14 Sep 1961 1 Jun 1965 3rd manned Dyna Soar Titan II suborbital X Dyna Soar 6 Dyna Soar 2S-4 14 Sep 1961 1 Jul 1965 4th manned Dyna Soar Titan II suborbital X Dyna Soar 7 Dyna Soar 2S-5 14 Sep 1961 1 Aug 1965 5th manned Dyna Soar Titan II suborbital X Dyna Soar 8 Dyna Soar 2S-6 14 Sep 1961 1 Sep 1965 6th manned Dyna Soar Titan II suborbital X Dyna Soar 9 Dyna Soar 2S-7 14 Sep 1961 1 Oct 1965 7th manned Dyna Soar Titan II suborbital X Dyna Soar 10 Dyna Soar 2S-8 14 Sep 1961 1 Nov 1965 8th manned Dyna Soar Titan II suborbital X Dyna Soar 11 Dyna Soar 2S-9 14 Sep 1961 1 Dec 1965 9th manned Dyna Soar Titan II suborbital X Dyna Soar 12 Dyna Soar 2S-10 14 Sep 1961 1 Jan 1966 10th manned Dyna Soar Titan II suborbital X Dyna Soar 16 Dyna Soar COU-1 14 Sep 1961 1 Jan 1966 1st unmanned Dyna Soar Titan II/Centaur orbital Dyna Soar 13 Dyna Soar 2S-11 14 Sep 1961 1 Feb 1966 11th manned Dyna Soar Titan II suborbital X Dyna Soar 14 Dyna Soar 2S-12 14 Sep 1961 1 Mar 1966 12th manned Dyna Soar Titan II suborbital X Dyna Soar 15 Dyna Soar 2S-13 14 Sep 1961 1 Apr 1966 13th manned Dyna Soar Titan II suborbital X Dyna Soar 17 Dyna Soar COU-2 14 Sep 1961 1 Jul 1966 2nd unmanned Dyna Soar Titan II/Centaur orbital Dyna Soar 18 Dyna Soar CO-1 14 Sep 1961 1 Jan 1967 1st manned Dyna Soar Titan II/Centaur orbital X Dyna Soar 19 Dyna Soar CO-2 14 Sep 1961 1 Apr 1967 2nd manned Dyna Soar Titan II/Centaur orbital X Dyna Soar 20 Dyna Soar CO-3 14 Sep 1961 1 Jul 1967 3rd manned Dyna Soar Titan II/Centaur orbital X Dyna Soar 21 Dyna Soar CO-4 14 Sep 1961 1 Oct 1967 4th manned Dyna Soar Titan II/Centaur orbital X Dyna Soar 22 Dyna Soar CO-5 14 Sep 1961 1 Jan 1968 5th manned Dyna Soar Titan II/Centaur orbital X Dyna Soar 23 Dyna Soar CO-6 14 Sep 1961 1 Apr 1968 6th manned Dyna Soar Titan II/Centaur orbital X


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TMK 1 Mars TMK 1 1 Oct 1961 8 Jun 1971 1st manned TMK Mars flyby; Flyby 23 Apr 1972 X

Apollo Mars 1 Apollo 9-IILR-MS1 1 Oct 1961 6 Nov 19711st manned Apollo CSM/MM/MEM Nova Mars opposition class; MOI 23 May 72, TEI 30 Aug 72 X

Dyna Soar 2 Dyna Soar 2OU-2 16 Oct 1961 1 Feb 1964 2nd unmanned Dyna Soar Titan II orbital Dyna Soar 1 Dyna Soar 2OU-1 16 Oct 1961 1 Nov 1964 1st unmanned Dyna Soar Titan II orbital Dyna Soar 3 Dyna Soar 2O-1 16 Oct 1961 1 May 1965 1st manned Dyna Soar Titan II orbital X Dyna Soar 4 Dyna Soar 2O-2 16 Oct 1961 1 Aug 1965 2nd manned Dyna Soar Titan II orbital X Dyna Soar 5 Dyna Soar 2O-3 16 Oct 1961 1 Oct 1965 3rd manned Dyna Soar Titan II orbital X Dyna Soar 6 Dyna Soar 2O-4 16 Oct 1961 1 Dec 1965 4th manned Dyna Soar Titan II orbital X Dyna Soar 7 Dyna Soar 2O-5 16 Oct 1961 1 Feb 1966 5th manned Dyna Soar Titan II orbital X Dyna Soar 8 Dyna Soar 2O-6 16 Oct 1961 1 Apr 1966 6th manned Dyna Soar Titan II orbital X Dyna Soar 9 Dyna Soar CHU-1 16 Oct 1961 1 Jun 1966 1st unmanned Dyna Soar Titan II/Centaur high extended orbital Dyna Soar 10 Dyna Soar CH-1 16 Oct 1961 1 Aug 1966 1st manned Dyna Soar Titan II/Centaur high extended orbital X Dyna Soar 11 Dyna Soar CH-2 16 Oct 1961 1 Oct 1966 2nd manned Dyna Soar Titan II/Centaur high extended orbital X Dyna Soar 12 Dyna Soar CH-3 16 Oct 1961 1 Dec 1966 3rd manned Dyna Soar Titan II/Centaur high extended orbital X Dyna Soar 13 Dyna Soar CH-4 16 Oct 1961 1 Feb 1967 4th manned Dyna Soar Titan II/Centaur high extended orbital X Dyna Soar 14 Dyna Soar CH-5 16 Oct 1961 1 Apr 1967 5th manned Dyna Soar Titan II/Centaur high extended orbital X Dyna Soar 15 Dyna Soar CH-6 16 Oct 1961 1 Jun 1967 6th manned Dyna Soar Titan II/Centaur high extended orbital X Dyna Soar 16 Dyna Soar CH-7 16 Oct 1961 1 Aug 1967 7th manned Dyna Soar Titan II/Centaur high extended orbital X Dyna Soar 17 Dyna Soar CH-8 16 Oct 1961 1 Oct 1967 8th manned Dyna Soar Titan II/Centaur high extended orbital X Dyna Soar 18 Dyna Soar CH-9 16 Oct 1961 1 Dec 1967 9th manned Dyna Soar Titan II/Centaur high extended orbital X Dyna Soar 4 Dyna Soar 3O-2 1 Nov 1961 1 Oct 1965 2nd manned Dyna Soar Titan IIIC orbital X Dyna Soar 5 Dyna Soar 3O-3 1 Nov 1961 1 Dec 1965 3rd manned Dyna Soar Titan IIIC orbital X Dyna Soar 6 Dyna Soar 3O-4 1 Nov 1961 1 Feb 1966 4th manned Dyna Soar Titan IIIC orbital X Dyna Soar 7 Dyna Soar 3O-5 1 Nov 1961 1 Apr 1966 5th manned Dyna Soar Titan IIIC orbital X Dyna Soar 8 Dyna Soar 3O-6 1 Nov 1961 1 Jun 1966 6th manned Dyna Soar Titan IIIC orbital X Dyna Soar 9 Dyna Soar 3HU-1 1 Nov 1961 1 Aug 1966 1st unmanned Dyna Soar Titan IIIC high extended orbital Mercury Atlas 5 Mercury A-OU-2 29 Nov 1961 29 Nov 1961 2nd unmanned Mercury Atlas orbital X Mercury Atlas 6 Mercury A-O-1 5 Dec 1961 10 Dec 1961 1st manned Mercury Atlas orbital X X Mercury Atlas 7 Mercury A-O-2 5 Dec 1961 1 Feb 1962 2nd manned Mercury Atlas orbital X X Mercury Atlas 8 Mercury A-O-3 5 Dec 1961 1 Apr 1962 3rd manned Mercury Atlas orbital X X Mercury Atlas 9 Mercury A-O-4 5 Dec 1961 1 Jun 1962 4th manned Mercury Atlas orbital X Mercury Atlas 10 Mercury A-O-5 5 Dec 1961 1 Aug 1962 5th manned Mercury Atlas orbital X Mercury Atlas 11 Mercury A-X-1 5 Dec 1961 1 Oct 1962 1st manned Mercury Atlas extended orbital X X Mercury Atlas 12 Mercury A-X-2 5 Dec 1961 1 Dec 1962 2nd manned Mercury Atlas extended orbital X Mercury Atlas 13 Mercury A-X-3 5 Dec 1961 1 Feb 1963 3rd manned Mercury Atlas extended orbital X Mercury Atlas 14 Mercury A-X-4 5 Dec 1961 1 Apr 1963 4th manned Mercury Atlas extended orbital X Mercury MK II 1 Gemini T2-OU-1 5 Dec 1961 1 Jun 1963 Unmanned Gemini Titan II orbital X Apollo 101 Apollo 1-BO-1 5 Dec 1961 1 Aug 1963 1st boilerplate Apollo Saturn C-1 orbital X


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Mercury MK II 2 Gemini T2-O-1 5 Dec 1961 1 Aug 1963 Manned Gemini Titan II short duration orbital X X Apollo 102 Apollo 1-BO-2 5 Dec 1961 1 Oct 1963 2nd boilerplate Apollo Saturn C-1 orbital X Mercury MK II 3 Gemini T2-X-1 5 Dec 1961 1 Oct 1963 1st manned Gemini Titan II extended orbital X X Apollo 103 Apollo 1-BP-1 5 Dec 1961 1 Dec 1963 1st boilerplate Apollo Saturn C-1 parabolic reentry Mercury MK II 4 Gemini T2-X-2 5 Dec 1961 1 Dec 1963 2nd manned Gemini Titan II extended orbital X X Apollo 104 Apollo 1-BP-2 5 Dec 1961 1 Feb 1964 2nd boilerplate Apollo Saturn C-1 parabolic reentry MATV 5 Gemini AA-TV-1 5 Dec 1961 1 Feb 1964 1st Atlas Agena docking target for Gemini X Mercury MK II 5 Gemini T2-D-1 5 Dec 1961 1 Feb 1964 1st manned Gemini Titan II docking with Agena target X Apollo 105 Apollo 1-BP-3 5 Dec 1961 1 Apr 1964 3rd boilerplate Apollo Saturn C-1 parabolic reentry MATV 6 Gemini AA-TV-2 5 Dec 1961 1 Apr 1964 2nd Atlas Agena docking target for Gemini X Mercury MK II 6 Gemini T2-D-2 5 Dec 1961 1 Apr 1964 2nd manned Gemini Titan II docking with Agena target X X Apollo 106 Apollo 1-C-1 5 Dec 1961 1 Jun 1964 1st manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 orbital X MATV 7 Gemini AA-TV-3 5 Dec 1961 1 Jun 1964 3rd Atlas Agena docking target for Gemini X Mercury MK II 7 Gemini T2-D-3 5 Dec 1961 1 Jun 1964 3rd manned Gemini Titan II docking with Agena target X Apollo 107 Apollo 1-C-2 5 Dec 1961 1 Aug 1964 2nd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 orbital X MATV 8 Gemini AA-TV-4 5 Dec 1961 1 Aug 1964 4th Atlas Agena docking target for Gemini X Apollo 108 Apollo 1-C-3 5 Dec 1961 1 Oct 1964 3rd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 orbital X MATV 9 Gemini AA-TV-5 5 Dec 1961 1 Oct 1964 5th Atlas Agena docking target for Gemini X Mercury MK II 9 Gemini T2-D-5 5 Dec 1961 1 Oct 1964 5th manned Gemini Titan II docking with Agena target X X Apollo 109 Apollo 1-C-4 5 Dec 1961 1 Dec 1964 4th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 orbital X MATV 10 Gemini AA-TV-6 5 Dec 1961 1 Dec 1964 6th Atlas Agena docking target for Gemini X Mercury MK II 10 Gemini T2-D-6 5 Dec 1961 1 Dec 1964 6th manned Gemini Titan II docking with Agena target X X Apollo 110 Apollo 1-C-5 5 Dec 1961 1 Feb 1965 5th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 orbital X MATV 11 Gemini AA-TV-7 5 Dec 1961 1 Feb 1965 7th Atlas Agena docking target for Gemini Mercury MK II 11 Gemini T2-D-7 5 Dec 1961 1 Feb 1965 7th manned Gemini Titan II docking with Agena target X Apollo 111 Apollo 1-C-6 5 Dec 1961 1 Mar 1965 6th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 orbital X MATV 12 Gemini AA-TV-8 5 Dec 1961 1 Apr 1965 8th Atlas Agena docking target for Gemini Mercury MK II 12 Gemini T2-D-8 5 Dec 1961 1 Apr 1965 8th manned Gemini Titan II docking with Agena target X Apollo 112 Apollo 1-C-7 5 Dec 1961 1 May 1965 7th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 orbital X Apollo 113 Apollo 1-C-8 5 Dec 1961 1 Jun 1965 8th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 orbital X Apollo 114 Apollo 1-C-9 5 Dec 1961 1 Jul 1965 9th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 orbital X Apollo 115 Apollo 1-C-10 5 Dec 1961 1 Aug 1965 2nd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 orbital X Apollo 116 Apollo 1-LD-1 5 Dec 1961 15 Aug 1965 1st manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 lunar development mission X Apollo 117 Apollo 1-LD-2 5 Dec 1961 1 Sep 1965 2nd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 lunar development mission X Apollo 118 Apollo 1-LD-3 5 Dec 1961 1 Nov 1965 3rd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 lunar development mission X Apollo 119 Apollo 1-LD-4 5 Dec 1961 1 Dec 1965 4th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 lunar development mission X Apollo 120 Apollo 1-LD-5 5 Dec 1961 1 Jan 1966 5th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 lunar development mission X Apollo 401 Apollo 4-A-1 5 Dec 1961 15 Jan 1966 1st unmanned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 orbital Apollo 121 Apollo 1-SD-1 5 Dec 1961 1 Feb 1966 1st manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 space station development mission X


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Apollo 122 Apollo 1-LD-6 5 Dec 1961 15 Feb 1966 6th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 lunar development mission X Apollo 402 Apollo 4-A-2 5 Dec 1961 15 Feb 1966 2nd unmanned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 orbital Apollo 123 Apollo 1-SD-2 5 Dec 1961 1 Mar 1966 2nd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 space station development mission X Apollo 124 Apollo 1-LD-7 5 Dec 1961 1 Apr 1966 7th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 lunar development mission X Apollo 125 Apollo 1-SD-3 5 Dec 1961 15 Apr 1966 3rd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 space station development mission X Apollo 126 Apollo 1-SD-4 5 Dec 1961 1 May 1966 4th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 space station development mission X Apollo 127 Apollo 1-LD-8 5 Dec 1961 15 May 1966 8th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 lunar development mission X Apollo 128 Apollo 1-SD-5 5 Dec 1961 1 Jun 1966 5th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 space station development mission X Apollo 129 Apollo 1-SD-6 5 Dec 1961 15 Jun 1966 6th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 space station development mission X Apollo 801 Apollo 8-AX-1 5 Dec 1961 1 Jul 1966 1st unmanned Nova 1 one live stage suborbital Saturn 130 Apollo 1-W1 5 Dec 1961 10 Jul 1966 1st space station Saturn C-1 orbital Apollo 131 Apollo 1-W1-1 5 Dec 1961 20 Jul 1966 1st manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 docking to 1st Saturn C-1 station X Apollo 403 Apollo 4-EP-1 5 Dec 1961 1 Aug 1966 1st manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 lunar flyby X Apollo 132 Apollo 1-W1-2 5 Dec 1961 1 Sep 1966 2nd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 docking to 1st Saturn C-1 station X Apollo 404 Apollo 4-EP-2 5 Dec 1961 15 Sep 1966 2nd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 lunar flyby X Saturn 133 Apollo 1-W2 5 Dec 1961 1 Oct 1966 2nd space station Saturn C-1 orbital Apollo 802 Apollo 8-AY-1 5 Dec 1961 10 Oct 1966 1st unmanned Nova 1 two live stages suborbital Apollo 405 Apollo 4-EP-3 5 Dec 1961 20 Oct 1966 3rd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 lunar flyby X Apollo 134 Apollo 1-W2-1 5 Dec 1961 1 Nov 1966 1st manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 docking to 2nd Saturn C-1 station X Apollo 406 Apollo 4-EP-4 5 Dec 1961 1 Dec 1966 4th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 lunar flyby X Apollo 135 Apollo 1-W2-2 5 Dec 1961 15 Dec 1966 2nd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 docking to 2nd Saturn C-1 station X Apollo 803 Apollo 8-AZ-3 5 Dec 1961 1 Jan 1967 3rd unmanned Nova 1 three live stages suborbital Saturn 136 Apollo 1-W3 5 Dec 1961 10 Jan 1967 3rd space station Saturn C-1 orbital Apollo 137 Apollo 1-W3-1 5 Dec 1961 20 Jan 1967 1st manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 docking to 3rd Saturn C-1 station X Apollo 407 Apollo 4-EP-5 5 Dec 1961 1 Feb 1967 5th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 lunar flyby X Apollo 421 Apollo 4-IR-O-3 5 Dec 1961 1 Feb 1967 3rd manned Apollo planetary return vehicle Saturn C-4 orbital X Apollo 138 Apollo 1-W3-2 5 Dec 1961 15 Feb 1967 2nd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 docking to 3rd Saturn C-1 station X Apollo 408 Apollo 4-IR-OU-1 5 Dec 1961 1 Mar 1967 1st unmanned Apollo planetary return vehicle Saturn C-4 orbital Apollo 409 Apollo 4-EP-6 5 Dec 1961 10 Mar 1967 6th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 lunar flyby X Apollo 139 Apollo 1-W3-3 5 Dec 1961 20 Mar 1967 3rd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 docking to 3rd Saturn C-1 station X Apollo 410 Apollo 4-EP-7 5 Dec 1961 15 Apr 1967 7th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 lunar flyby X Saturn 140 Apollo 1-W4 5 Dec 1961 1 May 1967 4th space station Saturn C-1 orbital Apollo 424 Apollo 4-IR-O-4 5 Dec 1961 1 May 1967 4th manned Apollo planetary return vehicle Saturn C-4 orbital X Apollo 141 Apollo 1-W4-1 5 Dec 1961 10 May 1967 1st manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 docking to 4th Saturn C-1 station X Apollo 411 Apollo 4-EP-8 5 Dec 1961 20 May 1967 8th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 lunar flyby X Apollo 412 Apollo 4-IR-OU-2 5 Dec 1961 1 Jun 1967 2nd unmanned Apollo planetary return vehicle Saturn C-4 orbital Apollo 142 Apollo 1-W4-2 5 Dec 1961 15 Jun 1967 2nd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 docking to 4th Saturn C-1 station X Apollo 413 Apollo 4-GE-1 5 Dec 1961 1 Jul 1967 1st manned Apollo Saturn C-4 lunar landing (EOR) X Apollo 414 Apollo 4-GE-1P 5 Dec 1961 2 Jul 1967 T-1 Saturn C-4 propellant for 1st manned Apollo lunar landing (EOR)


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Apollo 805 Apollo 8-G-1 5 Dec 1961 5 Jul 1967 1st manned Apollo CSM/LTDM/LBM Nova lunar landing (DA) X Apollo 143 Apollo 1-W4-3 5 Dec 1961 1 Aug 1967 3rd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 docking to 4th Saturn C-1 station X Apollo 415 Apollo 4-IR-O-1 5 Dec 1961 1 Sep 1967 1st manned Apollo planetary return vehicle Saturn C-4 orbital X Saturn 144 Apollo 1-W5 5 Dec 1961 15 Sep 1967 5th space station Saturn C-1 orbital Apollo 416 Apollo 4-HE-1 5 Dec 1961 1 Oct 1967 2nd manned Apollo Saturn C-4 lunar landing (EOR) X Apollo 417 Apollo 4-HE-1P 5 Dec 1961 2 Oct 1967 T-1 Saturn C-4 propellant for 2nd manned Apollo lunar landing (EOR) Apollo 806 Apollo 8-H-1 5 Dec 1961 5 Oct 1967 2nd manned Apollo CSM/LTDM/LBM Nova lunar landing (DA) X Apollo 418 Apollo 4-IR-O-2 5 Dec 1961 1 Nov 1967 2nd manned Apollo planetary return vehicle Saturn C-4 orbital X Apollo 145 Apollo 1-W5-1 5 Dec 1961 15 Nov 1967 1st manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 docking to 5th Saturn C-1 station X Apollo 146 Apollo 1-W5-2 5 Dec 1961 1 Dec 1967 2nd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 docking to 5th Saturn C-1 station X Apollo 147 Apollo 1-W5-3 5 Dec 1961 1 Jan 1968 3rd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 docking to 5th Saturn C-1 station X Apollo 419 Apollo 4-HE-2 5 Dec 1961 1 Jan 1968 3rd manned Apollo Saturn C-4 lunar landing (EOR) X Apollo 420 Apollo 4-HE-2P 5 Dec 1961 2 Jan 1968 T-1 Saturn C-4 propellant for 3rd manned Apollo lunar landing (EOR) Apollo 807 Apollo 8-H-2 5 Dec 1961 5 Jan 1968 3rd manned Apollo CSM/LTDM/LBM Nova lunar landing (DA) X Saturn 148 Apollo 1-W6 5 Dec 1961 1 Mar 1968 6th space station Saturn C-1 orbital Apollo 149 Apollo 1-W6-1 5 Dec 1961 15 Mar 1968 1st manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 docking to 6th Saturn C-1 station X Apollo 422 Apollo 4-HE-3 5 Dec 1961 1 Apr 1968 4th manned Apollo Saturn C-4 lunar landing (EOR) X Apollo 423 Apollo 4-HE-3P 5 Dec 1961 2 Apr 1968 T-1 Saturn C-4 propellant for 4th manned Apollo lunar landing (EOR) Apollo 808 Apollo 8-H-3 5 Dec 1961 5 Apr 1968 4th manned Apollo CSM/LTDM/LBM Nova lunar landing (DA) X Apollo 150 Apollo 1-W6-2 5 Dec 1961 15 May 1968 2nd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 docking to 6th Saturn C-1 station X Apollo 151 Apollo 1-W6-3 5 Dec 1961 1 Jun 1968 3rd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-1 docking to 6th Saturn C-1 station X Apollo 425 Apollo 4-IR-O-5 5 Dec 1961 1 Aug 1968 5th manned Apollo planetary return vehicle Saturn C-4 orbital X Apollo 426 Apollo 4-IR-O-6 5 Dec 1961 1 Nov 1968 6th manned Apollo planetary return vehicle Saturn C-4 orbital X Apollo 427 Apollo 4-IR-O-7 5 Dec 1961 1 Feb 1969 7th manned Apollo planetary return vehicle Saturn C-4 orbital X Apollo 428 Apollo 4-IR-O-8 5 Dec 1961 1 May 1969 8th manned Apollo planetary return vehicle Saturn C-4 orbital X Apollo 809 Apollo 8-LS-1 5 Dec 1961 1 Aug 1969 1st manned Apollo CSM Nova lunar station mission X Apollo 810 Apollo 8-LS-2 5 Dec 1961 1 Nov 1969 2nd manned Apollo CSM Nova lunar station mission X Saturn 429 Apollo 4-SS1A 5 Dec 1961 1 Jan 1970 1st space station module Saturn C-4 orbital Saturn 430 Apollo 4-SS1B 5 Dec 1961 15 Jan 1970 2nd space station module Saturn C-4 orbital Apollo 811 Apollo 8-LS-3 5 Dec 1961 1 Feb 1970 3rd manned Apollo CSM Nova lunar station mission X Apollo 431 Apollo 4-SS1-1 5 Dec 1961 15 Feb 1970 1st manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 space station visit X Apollo 432 Apollo 4-SS1-2 5 Dec 1961 1 Mar 1970 2nd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 space station visit X Apollo 812 Apollo 8-LS-4 5 Dec 1961 15 Mar 1970 4th manned Apollo CSM Nova lunar station mission X Apollo 433 Apollo 4-SS1-3 5 Dec 1961 1 Apr 1970 3rd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 space station visit X Apollo 434 Apollo 4-SS1-4 5 Dec 1961 15 Apr 1970 4th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 space station visit X Apollo 813 Apollo 8-LS-5 5 Dec 1961 1 May 1970 5th manned Apollo CSM Nova lunar station mission X Apollo 435 Apollo 4-SS1-5 5 Dec 1961 15 May 1970 5th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 space station visit X Apollo 436 Apollo 4-SS1-6 5 Dec 1961 1 Jun 1970 6th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 space station visit X Apollo 814 Apollo 8-LS-6 5 Dec 1961 15 Jun 1970 6th manned Apollo CSM Nova lunar station mission X


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Saturn 437 Apollo 4-SS1C 5 Dec 1961 1 Jul 1970 3rd space station module Saturn C-4 orbital Saturn 438 Apollo 4-SS1D 5 Dec 1961 15 Jul 1970 4th space station module Saturn C-4 orbital Apollo 815 Apollo 8-LS-7 5 Dec 1961 1 Aug 1970 7th manned Apollo CSM Nova lunar station mission X Apollo 439 Apollo 4-SS1-7 5 Dec 1961 15 Aug 1970 7th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 space station visit X Apollo 440 Apollo 4-SS1-8 5 Dec 1961 1 Sep 1970 8th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 space station visit X Apollo 816 Apollo 8-LS-8 5 Dec 1961 15 Sep 1970 8th manned Apollo CSM Nova lunar station mission X Apollo 441 Apollo 4-SS1-9 5 Dec 1961 1 Oct 1970 9th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 space station visit X Apollo 442 Apollo 4-SS1-10 5 Dec 1961 15 Oct 1970 10th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 space station visit X Apollo 817 Apollo 8-LS-9 5 Dec 1961 1 Nov 1970 9th manned Apollo CSM Nova lunar station mission X Apollo 443 Apollo 4-SS1-11 5 Dec 1961 15 Nov 1970 11th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 space station visit X Apollo 444 Apollo 4-SS1-12 5 Dec 1961 1 Dec 1970 12th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 space station visit X Apollo 818 Apollo 8-LS-10 5 Dec 1961 15 Dec 1970 10th manned Apollo CSM Nova lunar station mission X Apollo 445 Apollo 4-SS1-13 5 Dec 1961 1 Jan 1971 13th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 space station visit X Apollo 446 Apollo 4-SS1-14 5 Dec 1961 1 Feb 1971 14th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 space station visit X Apollo 819 Apollo 8-LS-11 5 Dec 1961 1 Feb 1971 11th manned Apollo CSM Nova lunar station mission X Apollo 447 Apollo 4-SS1-15 5 Dec 1961 1 Mar 1971 15th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 space station visit X Apollo 448 Apollo 4-SS1-16 5 Dec 1961 1 Apr 1971 16th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 space station visit X Apollo 820 Apollo 8-LS-12 5 Dec 1961 1 Apr 1971 12th manned Apollo CSM Nova lunar station mission X Apollo 449 Apollo 4-SS1-17 5 Dec 1961 1 May 1971 17th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 space station visit X Apollo 450 Apollo 4-SS1-18 5 Dec 1961 1 May 1971 18th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 space station visit X Apollo 821 Apollo 8-LS-13 5 Dec 1961 1 Jun 1971 13th manned Apollo CSM Nova lunar station mission X Nova 822 Apollo 8-IN-MO1-1 5 Dec 1961 5 Jun 1971 1st NERVA Nova for 1st Mars orbital; Apollo 8M61-1 propulsion unit

Apollo 823 Apollo 8-II-MO1 5 Dec 1961 8 Jun 19711st manned Apollo CSM/MM Nova Mars obital; MOI 5 Nov 1971, TEI 15 Dec 1971 X

Apollo 451 Apollo 4-SS1-19 5 Dec 1961 1 Jul 1971 19th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 space station visit X Apollo 452 Apollo 4-SS1-20 5 Dec 1961 1 Aug 1971 20th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 space station visit X Apollo 453 Apollo 4-SS1-21 5 Dec 1961 1 Sep 1971 21st manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 space station visit X Apollo 454 Apollo 4-SS1-22 5 Dec 1961 1 Oct 1971 22nd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 space station visit X Apollo 455 Apollo 4-SS1-23 5 Dec 1961 1 Nov 1971 23rd manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 space station visit X Apollo 456 Apollo 4-SS1-24 5 Dec 1961 1 Dec 1971 24th manned Apollo CSM Saturn C-4 space station visit X Nova 824 Apollo 8-IN-VF-1 5 Dec 1961 2 Apr 1972 1st NERVA Nova for 1st Venus flyby Apollo 825 Apollo 8-II-VF1 5 Dec 1961 5 Apr 1972 1st manned Apollo CSM/MM Nova Venus flyby; Flyby 23 Aug 1972 X Nova 826 Apollo 8-OSB-1 5 Dec 1961 1 Jul 1972 1st Orbital Staging Base module on Nova Apollo 447 Apollo 4-IL-OU-1 5 Dec 1961 1 Aug 1972 1st unmanned Apollo planetary atmospheric vehicle Saturn C-4 orbital Nova 827 Apollo 8-OSB-2 5 Dec 1961 1 Sep 1972 2nd Orbital Staging Base module on Nova Nova 828 Apollo 8-OSB-3 5 Dec 1961 1 Oct 1972 3rd Orbital Staging Base module on Nova Apollo 448 Apollo 4-IL-OU-2 5 Dec 1961 1 Nov 1972 2nd unmanned Apollo planetary atmospheric vehicle Saturn C-4 orbital Nova 829 Apollo 8-OSB-4 5 Dec 1961 1 Dec 1972 4th Orbital Staging Base module on Nova Apollo 459 Apollo 4-OSB-1 5 Dec 1961 1 Jan 1973 1st Orbital Staging Base module Saturn C-4 orbital X


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Nova 830 Apollo 8-OSB-5 5 Dec 1961 15 Jan 1973 5th Orbital Staging Base module on Nova Apollo 460 Apollo 4-OSB-2 5 Dec 1961 1 Feb 1973 2nd Orbital Staging Base module Saturn C-4 orbital X Apollo 461 Apollo 4-IL-O-1 5 Dec 1961 15 Feb 1973 1st manned Apollo planetary atmospheric vehicle Saturn C-4 orbital X Apollo 462 Apollo 4-OSB-3 5 Dec 1961 1 Mar 1973 3rd Orbital Staging Base module Saturn C-4 orbital X Nova 831 Apollo 8-OSB-6 5 Dec 1961 15 Mar 1973 6th Orbital Staging Base module on Nova Apollo 463 Apollo 4-OSB-4 5 Dec 1961 1 Apr 1973 4th Orbital Staging Base module Saturn C-4 orbital X Nova 832 Apollo 8-OSB-7 5 Dec 1961 15 Apr 1973 7th Orbital Staging Base module on Nova Apollo 464 Apollo 4-OSB-5 5 Dec 1961 1 May 1973 5th Orbital Staging Base module Saturn C-4 orbital X Apollo 465 Apollo 4-IL-O-2 5 Dec 1961 15 May 1973 2nd manned Apollo planetary atmospheric vehicle Saturn C-4 orbital X Apollo 466 Apollo 4-OSB-6 5 Dec 1961 1 Jun 1973 6th Orbital Staging Base module Saturn C-4 orbital X Nova 833 Apollo 8-OSB-8 5 Dec 1961 1 Jun 1973 8th Orbital Staging Base module on Nova Nova 834 Apollo 8-OSB-9 5 Dec 1961 1 Jul 1973 9th Orbital Staging Base module on Nova Apollo 467 Apollo 4-IL-O-3 5 Dec 1961 15 Jul 1973 3rd manned Apollo planetary atmospheric vehicle Saturn C-4 orbital X Apollo 835 Apollo 8-IN-MO2-1 5 Dec 1961 1 Aug 1973 2nd NERVA Nova for 1st Mars orbital; Apollo 8M61-2 propulsion unit

Apollo 836 Apollo 8-II-MO2 5 Dec 1961 4 Aug 19732nd manned Apollo CSM/MM Nova Mars obital; MOI 11 Nov 1973, TEI 1 Dec 1973 X

Nova 837 Apollo 8-OSB-10 5 Dec 1961 1 Sep 1973 10th Orbital Staging Base module on Nova Nova 838 Apollo 8-OSB-11 5 Dec 1961 1 Oct 1973 11th Orbital Staging Base module on Nova Nova 839 Apollo 8-IN-VF2-1 5 Dec 1961 28 Oct 1973 2nd NERVA Nova for 1st Venus flyby Apollo 840 Apollo 8-II-VF2 5 Dec 1961 31 Oct 1973 2nd manned Apollo CSM/MM Nova Venus flyby; Flyby 3 Mar 1974 X Apollo 468 Apollo 4-IL-O-4 5 Dec 1961 1 Nov 1973 4th manned Apollo planetary atmospheric vehicle Saturn C-4 orbital X Nova 841 Apollo 8-OSB-12 5 Dec 1961 1 Dec 1973 12th Orbital Staging Base module on Nova Nova 842 Apollo 8-OSB-13 5 Dec 1961 1 Jan 1974 13th Orbital Staging Base module on Nova Apollo 843 Apollo 8-LS-14 5 Dec 1961 10 Jan 1974 14th manned Apollo CSM Nova lunar station mission X Apollo 469 Apollo 4-OSB-7 5 Dec 1961 20 Jan 1974 7th Orbital Staging Base module Saturn C-4 orbital X Apollo 844 Apollo 8-LS-15 5 Dec 1961 1 Feb 1974 15th manned Apollo CSM Nova lunar station mission X Apollo 470 Apollo 4-OSB-8 5 Dec 1961 10 Feb 1974 8th Orbital Staging Base module Saturn C-4 orbital X Apollo 471 Apollo 4-IL-O-5 5 Dec 1961 20 Feb 1974 5th manned Apollo planetary atmospheric vehicle Saturn C-4 orbital X Nova 845 Apollo 8-OSB-14 5 Dec 1961 1 Mar 1974 14th Orbital Staging Base module on Nova Apollo 846 Apollo 8-LS-16 5 Dec 1961 10 Mar 1974 16th manned Apollo CSM Nova lunar station mission X Apollo 472 Apollo 4-OSB-9 5 Dec 1961 20 Mar 1974 9th Orbital Staging Base module Saturn C-4 orbital X Nova 847 Apollo 8-OSB-15 5 Dec 1961 1 Apr 1974 15th Orbital Staging Base module on Nova Apollo 848 Apollo 8-LS-17 5 Dec 1961 10 Apr 1974 17th manned Apollo CSM Nova lunar station mission X Apollo 473 Apollo 4-OSB-10 5 Dec 1961 20 Apr 1974 10th Orbital Staging Base module Saturn C-4 orbital X Apollo 849 Apollo 8-LS-18 5 Dec 1961 1 May 1974 18th manned Apollo CSM Nova lunar station mission X Apollo 474 Apollo 4-IL-O-6 5 Dec 1961 10 May 1974 6th manned Apollo planetary atmospheric vehicle Saturn C-4 orbital X Apollo 475 Apollo 4-OSB-11 5 Dec 1961 20 May 1974 11th Orbital Staging Base module Saturn C-4 orbital X Nova 850 Apollo 8-OSB-16 5 Dec 1961 1 Jun 1974 16th Orbital Staging Base module on Nova Apollo 851 Apollo 8-LS-19 5 Dec 1961 10 Jun 1974 19th manned Apollo CSM Nova lunar station mission X


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Apollo 476 Apollo 4-OSB-12 5 Dec 1961 20 Jun 1974 12th Orbital Staging Base module Saturn C-4 orbital X Nova 852 Apollo 8-OSB-17 5 Dec 1961 1 Jul 1974 17th Orbital Staging Base module on Nova Apollo 477 Apollo 4-IL-O-7 5 Dec 1961 1 Aug 1974 7th manned Apollo planetary atmospheric vehicle Saturn C-4 orbital X Apollo 478 Apollo 4-OSB-13 5 Dec 1961 1 Aug 1974 13th Orbital Staging Base module Saturn C-4 orbital X Nova 853 Apollo 8-OSB-18 5 Dec 1961 1 Sep 1974 18th Orbital Staging Base module on Nova Nova 854 Apollo 8-OSB-19 5 Dec 1961 1 Oct 1974 19th Orbital Staging Base module on Nova Apollo 479 Apollo 4-IL-O-8 5 Dec 1961 1 Nov 1974 8th manned Apollo planetary atmospheric vehicle Saturn C-4 orbital X Apollo 480 Apollo 4-OSB-14 5 Dec 1961 15 Nov 1974 14th Orbital Staging Base module Saturn C-4 orbital X Nova 855 Apollo 8-OSB-20 5 Dec 1961 1 Dec 1974 20th Orbital Staging Base module on Nova Apollo 481 Apollo 4-OSB-15 5 Dec 1961 1 Jan 1975 15th Orbital Staging Base module Saturn C-4 orbital X Apollo 482 Apollo 4-OSB-16 5 Dec 1961 1 Feb 1975 16th Orbital Staging Base module Saturn C-4 orbital X Apollo 483 Apollo 4-OSB-17 5 Dec 1961 1 Mar 1975 17th Orbital Staging Base module Saturn C-4 orbital X Apollo 484 Apollo 4-OSB-18 5 Dec 1961 15 Mar 1975 18th Orbital Staging Base module Saturn C-4 orbital X Apollo 485 Apollo 4-OSB-19 5 Dec 1961 1 Apr 1975 19th Orbital Staging Base module Saturn C-4 orbital X Apollo 486 Apollo 4-OSB-20 5 Dec 1961 1 May 1975 20th Orbital Staging Base module Saturn C-4 orbital X Nova 856 Apollo 8-IN-VF3-1 5 Dec 1961 5 Jun 1975 3rd NERVA Nova for 1st Venus flyby Apollo 857 Apollo 8-II-VF3 5 Dec 1961 10 Jun 1975 3rd manned Apollo CSM/MM Nova Venus flyby; Flyby 17 Oct 1975 X

Nova 858 Apollo 8-IN-ML1-1 5 Dec 1961 5 Sep 19751st NERVA Nova for 1st Mars conjunction class; Apollo 8M61-3 propulsion unit 1

Nova 859 Apollo 8-IN-ML1-2 5 Dec 1961 8 Sep 19752nd NERVA Nova for 1st Mars conjunction class; Apollo 8M61-3 propulsion unit 2

Nova 860 Apollo 8-IN-ML1-3 5 Dec 1961 11 Sep 19753rd NERVA Nova for 1st Mars conjunction class; Apollo 8M61-3 propulsion unit 3

Nova 861 Apollo 8-IN-ML1-4 5 Dec 1961 14 Sep 19754th NERVA Nova for 1st Mars conjunction class; Apollo 8M61-3 propulsion unit 4

Nova 862 Apollo 8-IN-ML1-5 5 Dec 1961 17 Sep 19755th NERVA Nova for 1st Mars conjunction class; Apollo 8M61-3 propulsion unit 5

Apollo 863 Apollo 8-IILR-MS1 5 Dec 1961 20 Sep 19751st manned Apollo CSM/MM/MEM Nova Mars opposition class; MOI 7 Apr 1976, TEI 17 Apr 1976 X

Dyna Soar 1 Dyna Soar 3OU-1 19 Dec 1961 1 Nov 1964 1st unmanned Dyna Soar Titan IIIC orbital Dyna Soar 2 Dyna Soar 3OU-2 19 Dec 1961 1 Feb 1965 2nd unmanned Dyna Soar Titan IIIC orbital Dyna Soar 3 Dyna Soar 3O-1 19 Dec 1961 1 May 1965 1st manned Dyna Soar Titan IIIC orbital X Dyna Soar 9 Dyna Soar 3HU-1 19 Dec 1961 1 Jun 1966 1st unmanned Dyna Soar Titan IIIC high extended orbital Dyna Soar 10 Dyna Soar 3H-1 19 Dec 1961 1 Aug 1966 1st manned Dyna Soar Titan IIIC high extended orbital X Dyna Soar 11 Dyna Soar 3H-2 19 Dec 1961 1 Oct 1966 2nd manned Dyna Soar Titan IIIC high extended orbital X Dyna Soar 12 Dyna Soar 3H-3 19 Dec 1961 1 Dec 1966 3nd manned Dyna Soar Titan IIIC high extended orbital X Dyna Soar 13 Dyna Soar 3H-4 19 Dec 1961 1 Feb 1967 4th manned Dyna Soar Titan IIIC high extended orbital X Dyna Soar 14 Dyna Soar 3H-5 19 Dec 1961 1 Apr 1967 5th manned Dyna Soar Titan IIIC high extended orbital X Dyna Soar 15 Dyna Soar 3H-6 19 Dec 1961 1 Jun 1967 6th manned Dyna Soar Titan IIIC high extended orbital X Dyna Soar 16 Dyna Soar 3H-7 19 Dec 1961 1 Aug 1967 7th manned Dyna Soar Titan IIIC high extended orbital X Dyna Soar 17 Dyna Soar 3H-8 19 Dec 1961 1 Oct 1967 8th manned Dyna Soar Titan IIIC high extended orbital X Dyna Soar 18 Dyna Soar 3H-9 19 Dec 1961 1 Dec 1967 9th manned Dyna Soar Titan IIIC high extended orbital X


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Apollo 863 Apollo 8-IILR-MS1 5 Dec 1961 20 Sep 1975 1st manned Apollo CSM/MM/MEM Nova Mars opposition class X


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Appendix 1: Overview Map


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Appendix 2: Detailed Maps Key:

Spacecraft Launch Vehicle Unmanned Manned

Apollo systems test Atlas, Atlas Agena

Apollo B Saturn C-1

Apollo B Saturn C-2

Apollo boilerplate Saturn C-1

Apollo Command Module Atlas Centaur

Apollo Command/Service Module Saturn C-1

Apollo Space Station Module Saturn C-1

Apollo Command/Service Module Saturn C-4

Apollo Command/Service Module landing vehicle

Saturn C-4

Apollo Lunar Breaking Module Saturn C-4

Apollo Planetary Atmospheric Vehicle, Apollo Planetary Return Vehicle

Saturn C-4

Apollo R-1 Translunar Injection Stage Saturn C-4

Apollo T-1 Tanker Module Saturn C-4

Apollo Command/Service Module Nova

Apollo Command/Service Module landing vehicle

Nova

Apollo Lunar Breaking Module Nova

Apollo interplanetary nuclear propulsion Nova Apollo lunar propulsion Atlas

Apollo Orbital Staging Base Module Nova

Gemini Saturn C-3 Gemini Titan II

Gemini Agena Target Vehicle Atlas Agena Gemini Centaur Target Vehicle Atlas Centaur

Gemini Lunar Module Atlas Centaur


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Spacecraft Launch Vehicle Unmanned Manned Gemini Lunar Module Saturn C-3

Horizon Cargo Lander Saturn II

Horizon Cargo Module Saturn I Horizon Cargo Module Saturn II Horizon Emergency Vehicle/Lunar Lander Saturn I

Horizon Emergency Vehicle/Lunar Lander Saturn II

Horizon Orbital Spacecraft Saturn I Horizon Orbital Spacecraft Lewis Research Center Mars Saturn C-5 Lewis Research Center Mars propulsion Saturn C-5 Lunex subscale Atlas

Lunex Reentry Vehicle A410

Lunex Reentry Vehicle AB825

Lunex Lunar Launch Stage AB825 Lunex Lunar Landing Stage AB825

Lunex Lunar Landing and Takeoff Vehicle BC2720

Lunex Cargo Package BC2720

Mercury Atlas

Mercury Jupiter

Mercury Redstone

Mercury Manned Orbital Rendezvous and Docking

Scout

SAINT II Titan II/Chariot

TMK N-1 TMK-E N-1 Vostok Vostok 8K72K

X-20 Dyna-Soar Titan I

X-20 Dyna-Soar Titan II

X-20 Dyna-Soar Titan III

Note: The time coordinate at the bottom left of each square-year frame is in the format xxyy, where xx is the last

two digits of the year in which the schedule was produced (historical time), and yy is last two digits of the year in which the schedule projected missions (projected time).


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Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. AIAA 2007-6073. Space 2007. Long Beach, California. 18 September 2007. 2Gangale, Thomas. 2009. “Time Maps of Human Spaceflight: 1956-1959.” American Institute of Aeronautics and

Astronautics. AIAA 2009-6411. Space 2009. Pasadena, California. 14 September 2009. 3 Geiger, Clarence J. 1963, History of the X-20A Dyna-Soar, Volume I. Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio: Aeronautical

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32 Disher, 26. 33 Lange, O. H. 1960. “Saturn Mission Schedule, Issue No. 3.” 30 September. HSI-15864 34 Markley, J. Thomas. 1960. “Saturn C-1 Research and Development Program and possible Apollo missions for Flights SA-

6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 of this program.” 15 December. HSI-16019, 5. 35 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1961. “Project Apollo Schedule.” 20 January. HSI-16093. 36 Savage, M. 1961, “Manned Lunar Landing Vehicle Development (Direct Flight Approach).” January. HSI-16056. 37 Arthur, G. R., and Bloom, H. L. 1961. “Project Apollo: A Feasibility Study of an Advanced Manned Spacecraft and

System, Final Report, Volume IX, Apollo Program Implementation Plan.” Philadelphia: General Electric Missile and Space Vehicle Department. Contract NAS 5-302, 15 May. NTRS-1974073801, I-25, I-190.

38 Gilruth, Robert R. 1961. “Preliminary project development plan for ‘boiler-plate’ spacecrafts for the Saturn C-1 test flights SA-7, -8, -9, and -10.” 16 June. HSI-16488.

39 Markley, J. Thomas. 1961. “Saturn C-1 Schedules.” 18 August. HSI-16666


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