May 16, 2013 Issue # 818The Little Paper Ever Read®NeatestPublished by: Wick Publications • P.O. Box 12861, Grand Forks, ND 58208 • For Advertising Call: 701-772-8239 • wickpub@yahoo.com

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TRAMPOLINESby Janet Spencer

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You see them in backyards everywhere. Join Tidbits as we find out the story behind them!• George Nissen was a three-time National

Tumbling Champion for the years 1935–1937. As a young adult he became fascinated watching the acrobats at the circus falling into the nets from the high wire, sometimes doing amazing tricks and twists as they bounced. He also watched vaudeville acts that used springboards in their acts. One actor would pretend to fall into the orchestra pit, only to bounce back up on the stage. And he’d heard that Eskimos stretched walrus skins between stakes in the ground and then bounced up and down on them just for fun. Inspired by a love of gymnastics, Nissen wanted to invent some kind of “jumping table.”

• He started work on his invention in 1926 while still in school, scavenging materials from the local dump, and tinkered with the idea for over ten years. Finally, using the rails from a bed, rope, strips of inner tube, and some canvas, Nissen and a local gymnastics coach named Larry Griswold came up with a prototype. They took it to the YMCA where Nissen worked as an instructor to test market it. The kids stood in long lines for a chance to bounce on it.

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• When Nissen graduated from college in 1938 he set about improving the invention. He called it the “trampoline,” from the Spanish word trampolin which means “diving board.” He began to mass produce them, but couldn’t understand why they weren’t selling. He found that people saw it as something suitable only for the circus or professional performers. So he strapped a trampoline to the top of his car and took off cross-country, giving exhibitions any-where a crowd was gathered: schools, fairs, playgrounds, and sports events, taking orders on the spot.

• When World War II started, he convinced the Army and the Navy that a trampoline would be a good part of a pilot training program. Pilots training on a trampoline became less fearful of being upside-down. They learned to control the falling and the turning of their bodies, and it helped them hone their balance and body control in mid-air situations. Soldiers who used trampolines in the service ordered them when they went home after the war. Business continued to improve. In 1948, trampolining was included in the NCAA and AAU list of gymnastic events at official competitions. In the 1950s it swept the country as a fad.

• Nissen went on to build a very successful sports equipment empire, manufacturing gymnas-tics equipment and trampolines. George Nis-sen holds over 30 patents on sports and fitness equipment. At the age of 83, he won the Senior Fitness Award from the California Governor’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports. Nis-sen works to pass on his enthusiasm and love for the sport of gymnastics, which is where the story of the trampoline began: each year the Nissen Award is given to the outstanding col-legiate gymnast in the nation.

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How old does a gymnast need to be to compete in the Olympics?What is the conversion of water vapor to liquid called?What was the name of the centaur in “Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone”?What does Cruela De Vil want to make out of the puppies in the movie “101 Dalmations”?

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In what year did the Beatles make their first visit to the United States?What is the capital of Iceland?Name the classic rock song that contains this lyric: “The jig is up, the news is out, they finally found me.”What was the name of Gary Cooper’s character in the classic Western film “High Noon”?

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The Soviet Union is the all-time Olympic leader in men’s gymnastics golds. Which country ranks second?Gymnastics is one of five sports that have been contest-ed at every summer Olympic games since 1896. Name three of the other four.Two women have tallied 30-plus goals in a season for the U.S. na-tional soccer team. Name them.

In 2013, Tampa Bay’s Steven Stamkos became the fourth-youngest player to score 200 career goals (age 23). What three did it at a younger age? What was R.A. Dickey’s career high for wins in a major-league season before he won 20 games with the New York Mets in 2012?In the past 25 years (1987-2012), eight coaches have taken a team to consecutive appearances in the NBA Finals. Name five of them.

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• As a promotional stunt, Nissen taught a kangaroo to jump on a trampoline and then went to Egypt to bounce on top of a pyramid. He trained the kangaroo using dried apricots as treats and quickly learned that the best way to keep from getting kicked was to hold “hands” with the kangaroo’s front paws.

• When officials at the Arkansas Children’s Hospital did a study, they found that four percent of the pa-tients seen in their hospital emergency room over a five-year period in the mid-1990s were there with orthopedic injuries due to accidents on trampolines. About 70% of the accidents were due to more than one child being on the tramp at one time, a definite no-no.

• Jeff Schwartz of Illinois bounced on a trampoline for 266 hours, 9 minutes in 1981, setting a world record. (That’s just over 11 days.) He was allowed breaks for eating, sleeping, and going to the bathroom.

• The record for the most consecutive somersaults on a trampoline is 3,333 and was set by Brian Hudson (UK) at Jumpers Rebound Centre, Gillingham, Kent, UK on September 18, 2003.

• A world record was set on July 24, 1999 when a team of 20 members of a trampoline club in West York, UK, did 29,503 somersaults in exactly five hours using two standard trampolines. This aver-ages out at just under 1,500 somersaults per per-son, or about five somersaults per minute.

• In 1986, Cleveland State University’s Delta Epsi-lon fraternity fielded a six-man team that set the Guinness World Record for continuous bouncing on a trampoline, with 53 days of jumping between six people. President Reagan called the team to congratulate them.

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• In 1962, West Germany was the first country to host an international trampolining event.

• On a modern competitive trampoline, a skilled athlete can bounce to a height of up to 33 feet.

• In competitive trampolining, each contestant must perform two sets of maneuvers. In the first set, everyone must complete the same ten basic moves which include the three stan-dard shapes: tucked, piked, and straight. The second set is free-form in which contestants make up their own routines. In all routines, the contestant must begin and end on their feet.

• During a competition, a trampolinist is in con-tact with the trampoline bed for just 0.3 sec-onds between moves. In 2010, a new “Time of Flight” score was introduced into profes-sional trampolining, which is calculated on how much time the trampolinist is in the air. To measure it, a box is fitted under the tram-poline which measures every time the com-petitor hits the bed.

• There are five judges. When a performance is scored, the highest and lowest scores are tossed out and the remaining scores are added together to come up with the final tally.

• Nissen always wanted to have trampolining included in the Olympic Games. This finally happened in the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. In 2008, Nissen was able to travel to Beijing to watch the trampoline event at the 2008 Summer Olympics. He was given the honor of testing out the Olympic trampoline before the event.

• George Nissen died in San Diego, California, on April 7, 2010 at the age of 96 from com-plications from pneumonia, having seen his dream become a reality.

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• On a trampoline, the higher the number of springs that attach the platform to the frame, the higher the bounce and jump.• The word “trampoline” was originally a trademarked term, but eventually became part of the common language, much like the word “xerox.”• There are competitions in syn-chronized trampolining as well as mini-trampolining in which the competitor does a single move and lands on the floor.

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Women in History:THE LENNON SISTERS

The Lennon family of Venice, California, was a big Catholic family with 12 siblings born in the 1930s and 40s. They all crowded into a two-bedroom home, and their father supported the family as a milk man. • The four oldest sisters, Dianne, Peggy, Kathy,

and Janet, formed a singing group when they were in their teens. A classmate of theirs hap-pened to be the Larry Welk, son of Lawrence Welk. One day Larry told the girls to come home with him and sing for his father. Al-though his famous father was sick in bed with the flu at the time, he listened to them sing. When they were done, he picked up the phone and booked them on the next Lawrence Welk Show. That was the beginning of a great career for the Lennon sisters, who sang as regulars on the program from 1955 until 1968. At the time of their debut, the youngest sister, Janet, was only 9 years old.

• During their long tenure with the Lawrence Welk Show, they were paid only scale wages, but earned extra money by touring on the side. Welk was annoyed with their father, who in-sisted each girl be paid scale wages, rather than being paid at the far lower group rate. Within a few years they were earning enough money to allow the family to move into a six-bedroom home where six sisters and five brothers lived along with Grandma.

• As the girls grew up, Lawrence Welk worked hard to preserve their image as fresh-faced youngsters. In 1964, Peggy Lennon married the trumpet player from the Lawrence Welk show. When pregnancies arose, Welk hid ex-panding tummies from the camera with art-fully arranged props.

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LENNON SISTERS (continued):• Their first hit was a single released in 1956

called Tonight, You Belong to Me. It reached #15 on the charts, and was followed a few years later by a 1961 single Sad Movies Make Me Cry, which provided them with the only #1 sin-gle of their career. They turned out albums of classic songs, as well as coloring books, paper dolls, and story books.

• In 1969, the Lennon sisters left the Lawrence Welk Show in order to star in their own variety show called Jimmy Durante Presents the Len-non Sisters Hour. Six weeks before the show premiered, they were forced to deal with the shooting death of their father, William Lennon, by a delusional stalker named Chet Young, who believed himself married to Peggy and claimed her father stood in the way. Young, who often had to be removed from the front steps of the Lennon family home by police, followed Wil-liam Lennon to his work place at the Marina Del Rey golf course and shot him in the park-ing lot before escaping. William Lennon was 53 years old when he died. His wife was left with seven school age children still at home. Two months later, the body of Chet Young was found in the trunk of his car, where he had shot himself using the same gun. The traumatized Lennon sis-ters kept up their schedule with their new variety show, but cancelled after the first year.

• In the 1970s, the sisters performed regularly on the Andy Williams Show and toured the coun-try extensively. They played in Vegas and ap-peared on numerous game shows.

• In 1995, Larry Welk, Junior– the classmate who originally introduced them to his father– in-vited them to headline at the Welk Champagne Theater in the Ozark community of Branson, Missouri, and they’ve been performing there ever since.

Tidbits of Grand Forks/East Grand Forks is Locally

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• It was French Enlightenment author Voltaire who made the following sage observation: “Judge a man by his ques-tions rather than his answers.”• If you’re like the av-erage American, you laugh 15 times every day. • Have you ever heard of an artist by the name of John Banvard? You’re to be for-given if the name is unfamil-iar; few people these days remember him. In the mid-19th century, though, he was something of a phenomenon. In 1840, the then-25-year-old man set off on a skiff down the Mississippi River. He spent more than a year on the river, sketching steadily along the way. After he completed the voyage, he spent another five years painting his “Pan-orama of the Mississippi,” an ambitious work that was 12 feet wide and more than 3 miles long. When completed, the painting was mounted on two upright revolving cyl-inders and displayed for the paying public throughout

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the U.S. and Europe, earning him $200,000 along the way.• In the 1960s, the miniskirt was still controversial. Both the Vatican City and Disney-land refused entrance to wom-en wearing the short skirts.• If you’re a fan of the TV se-ries “Dr. Who,” you probably know that the title character, a Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey, has two hearts. This may seem like science fiction (and, of course, it is), but it’s not unknown for a human to be born with two hearts. One such example was Giuseppe de Mai, born in Italy in the 19th century. The condition is rare, though; so rare, in fact, that the Lon-don Academy of Medicine offered de Mai $15,000 un-der the condition that it re-ceive his body after his death. * * *Thought for the Day: “Women are like elephants to me. I like to look at ‘em, but I wouldn’t want to own one.” -- W.C. Fields

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SUPER GLUEIt’s been used on turtle shells, elephant tusks, rac-ing cars, the space shuttle, and human wounds. It’s cyanoacrylate, better known as Super Glue and an estimated 90 percent of homes now have at least one tube of it.• Harry Coover was a researcher working for

Kodak Research Labs in 1942. He was trying to develop a clear plastic gunsight for use dur-ing World War II. Working with acrylate mono-mers– a type of acrylic– he discovered cyano-acrylates. The discovery wasn’t at all helpful for the purpose of clear gunsights because the cyanoacrylate stuck to everything and made a big mess. He set the discovery aside. In 1951, Coover was working at the Tennessee Eastman Chemical Company trying to find a tough acry-late polymer for jet canopies. One day a fellow researcher, ironically named Dr. Fred Joyner, spread a film of ethyl cyanoacrylate between two prisms of a refractometer in order to see if it would refract light. It didn’t refract light, and the two men discovered it was impossible to pry the prisms apart again. They feared they’d be in trouble for ruining the expensive equip-ment, but the company realized the potential in the new adhesive. The glue went on the market in 1958 under the name Eastman Compound #910. Dr. Coover even appeared on the quiz show “I’ve Got a Secret” where he lifted host Gary Moore completely off the floor using a single drop of the glue.

• Cyanoacrylate is chemically known as C5H5NO2, but scientists call it CA for short. It’s a highly reactive substance, but the addi-tion of a bit of acid stabilizer prevents the CA from reacting and keeps it in a liquid state. When the acid stabilizer comes into contact with a catalyst, its stabilizing effect is neutral-ized.

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momEnTs in TimE the History Channel

© 2013 King Features Synd., Inc.

• On May 24, 1844, in a demon-stration witnessed by members of Congress, American inventor Samuel F.B. Morse dispatches a telegraph message from the U.S. Capitol to a railroad station in Balti-more. The message -- “What Hath God Wrought?” -- was telegraphed back to the Capitol a moment later.

• On May 22, 1859, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, the creator of master sleuth Sherlock Holmes, is born in Scot-land. His first Sherlock Holmes story, “A Study in Scarlet,” was published in Beeton’s Christmas Annual in 1887.

• On May 25, 1927, Robert Ludlum, author of 25 thrillers, is born in New York City. Although he never earned a reputation as a masterful prose stylist, his suspenseful stories such as “The Bourne Identity” gripped a wide readership. As a critic for The Washington Post noted about one Ludlum novel: “It’s a lousy book. So I stayed up until 3 a.m. to finish it.”

• On May 23, 1934, notorious crimi-nals Bonnie Parker and Clyde Bar-row are shot to death by Texas and Louisiana state police while driv

ing a stolen car near Sailes, La. All told, the Barrow Gang was believed responsible for the deaths of 13 people, including nine police officers.

• On May 26, 1940, President Frank-lin Roosevelt makes a radio appeal for the support of the Red Cross. Belgian and French civilians were “running from their homes to escape bombs and shells and machine gun-ning, without shelter, and almost wholly without food,” broadcast FDR.

• On May 20, 1956, the United States conducts the first airborne test of an improved hydrogen bomb, drop-ping it from a plane over the Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean. Observ-ers said that the fireball caused by the explosion measured at least 4 miles in diameter and was bright-er than the light from 500 suns.

• On May 21, 1978, 21-year-old rook-ie golfer Nancy Lopez defeats her childhood hero, JoAnne Carner, on the first hole of a sudden-death play-off to win the Coca-Cola-Classic in Jamesburg, N.J. The next year Lopez beat out 44-year-old Mickey Wright, to repeat as Coca-Cola champion.

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DEERE. JOHN DEERE. (continued): • It was while living in Illinois that John no-

ticed the problems that farmers faced when attempting to till soil. Because the area had formerly been woodland, the soil was rich with hummus, which clumped and clung to the blades of the plows farmers were accus-tomed to using. While repairing a broken cir-cular saw, Deere stumbled upon an idea. He employed his smith skills to fashion the steel blade into the shape of a plow. He affixed two wooden spokes, then hitched the device to a horse. It plowed the heavy Illinois soil like a charm. In fact, a farmer who happened to be observing the test run immediately put in an order for his own John Deere plow.

• In short order, Deere gave up his blacksmith shop and focused on making plows. The company grew steadily and added many em-ployees. In the late 1840s, John relocated the entire operation to Moline, Illinois. Ashamed of his own lack of education, John sent his children to the state’s finest schools. One of his proudest days occurred when son Charles earned the equivalent of an MBA from Bell’s Commercial College in Chicago.

• With his son Charles managing the company, John found time to pursue philanthropic in-terests. He co-founded both the First Nation-al Bank and the First Congregational Church. He was elected the mayor of Moline in 1873, where one of his first actions – the replace-ment of the city’s open drains with a sewer pipe system – saved countless lives by reduc-ing the spread of disease.

• The original John Deere logo, registered in 1876, depicted a deer that was native to Afri-ca. Thirty-six years later, in 1912, it was re-placed with the image of a North American white-tailed deer. In the decades that fol-lowed, the now-familiar “outline” logo took over as the symbol of the John Deere brand.

III?

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© 2013 King Features Synd., All rights reserved.

DIFFERENCES: 1. Post is missing. 2. Puddle is smaller. 3. Dog’s ear isdifferent. 4. Cap is missing. 5. Poster is missing. 6. Glove is missing.

Find at least 6 differences in details between panels

• This allows the CA molecules to react with each other, forming long polymer chains. The catalyst for the acid stabilizer is hydroxyl ions, which are located in every molecule of water. Every surface has a tiny amount of water on it, and there are always miniscule amounts of water available in the air. The water acts like a trigger, allowing the molecular structure of the CA to change. The molecules join up like a long series of popper beads. What was a thin liquid becomes a hard mass of molecular spa-ghetti noodles.

• If the parts being glued are moved during the formation of the chains, the chain is broken and the glue won’t hold. It bonds best when used at the rate of one drop per square inch. More than that will require a longer bonding period. It’s tough enough that a single square-inch bond can lift one ton.

• Why doesn’t super glue stick to the bottle? Because it needs moisture to set and there is no moisture in the bottle.

• In Vietnam, soldiers were given tubes of super glue in their first aid kits to help seal wounds. Special kinds of super glue are now used in hospitals worldwide, reducing the need for sutures, stitches, and staples. It doesn’t work on deep wounds or on wounds where the skin does a lot of stretching.

• Super glue is now being used in forensic de-tection. When investigators open a foil packet of ethyl-gel cyanoacrylate, the fumes settle on skin oils left behind in human fingerprint, turning the invisible smear into a visible object.

• Glued your fingers together? Use nail polish remover. Don’t have any nail polish remover? Use warm soapy water and a bit of patience. Your sweat and natural skin oils will soon loosen the bond.

SUPER GLUE (continued):

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6.7.

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