439

J^T^T &myon-pa

of stupefaction or insanity. 3. frenzy, mad-

ness, i symb. num.: 13.

frn*smyon-pa insane, frantic, mad, t<i-</<i</-

pa nydn-pa a madman from Ladak;

yldn-po-be Dzl. a mad elephant, Kyi a mad

dog; *ny6n-pa bo dug* W. he raves, he is

stark mad; *<$o-nyon zug* W. he has been

st-i/ed with religious insanity, is deranged,

which is stated to be occasionally the effect

of severe and long continued meditation.

Cf. Ihon.

ta-krarbd-ka

smrd-ba^ sometimes f^ smd-6a, also

$mdr-ba, pf. swros, imp. smros 1. to

speak, to talk, smra ma nm-te Dzl.

growing dumb, speechless, not being able

to speak (physically); can mi smrd-bart/yur-

to they grew speechless, did not know what

to say Dzl. ;smra ses-nas mir gyur-to they

received the faculty of speech and became

men Glr.;bslu-bai rndm-pas fcyeu dan smrds-

te Dzl. speaking to the youth in a seductive

manner; fsig snydn-par smrd-ba Dzl. to

speak in a friendly way; cos smrd-ba to

preach, cos smrd-bai zdl-la ltd-ba to hangon the preacher's lips, to listen very atten-

tively Pth.; da ma smra zig Dzl. do not

lose another word; smra-mkas(-pa) speak-

ing shrewdly, well-spoken, eloquent Dzl.,

Glr.] smra- dod talkative, loquacious Cs.;

smra-nyuti sparing of words, taciturn, Lt.;

smra-bcdd forbearing to speak; not beingbound to speak Mil.; smra-mcog, smrd-

bai dban-pyug, smrd-bai rgydl-po-

)am~

dpdl] also to treat of, with reference to

books Was. 2. to say, mi-la to a person;when it precedes the words that are quotedas they were spoken, (the so-called 'oratio

obliqua' being very seldom mad*

one instance v. further on): (di-*kad-ce*)

smrds-pa or smrds-so; when placed after the

words spoken, (ces) smrds-so, smrds-te etc. ;

smrds-pa also is equivalent to he continued

Dzl.;sometimes it is used impersonally, it

is said, e.g. it is said in that letter, where

we should say, 'that letter says', Stg.; smrd-

rgyu ma byun-rio there remained nothingmore for him to say (v. above); rarely with

termin. inf. : ytug-par ni na mi smrao that

they will reach it, I do not pretend to say

Thgy. ; Ms-par smrd-ba to profess to know,to understand, like 'artem profiler? Dzl.;

dnds-por smrd-ba to acknowledge a thingin substance Was., mtd-par smrd-ba to denyit in sum and substance.

Note. The word which forms the sub-

ject of this article, though constantly to be

met with in books, seems to be hardly ever

used in conversational language.

5jr* Jyr- smran, smren Cs. word, speech;

f smran ysol-ba to beg the word,to beg leave to speak

sf.q.srnre-ba 1. = smrd-ba(?) 2. to wail,

J to lament Pth.;more com smre-sndgs

Od6n-pa to utter lamentations; smre-sndas-

kyi sgo-nas whining (with joy) Mil. smre-

ytsdnt

/ tsa, 1. the letter sounding ts; tenuis, as

in the words 'it got So cold', cf. however

cb fsa; o, <3b and R represent in Ssk. and

Hindi-words the palatals ^, j$ and ^ (5

=^j).

-- 2. num fig.: 17.

tswa Ld. spunk, German tinder.

tsa-k6r, Ssk. ^\\ partridge,=

srtg-pa.

^ .._. tsa-kra-bd-ka red goose, Anas ca-

sarca.

of stultefaction or in~:lnit)'. 3. frenzy, mad·nns. -1. 8ymb. Dum.; 13.

if~':f' .nlyrJtI-pa insane, frantic, mad, la-ddO­CI pll nyQ?l.pa ... madman from Lndtl.k;glari-po-~t Dzl. a mad elepllant, iyi a milddog; -1Iyo11.pa Co duf! W. he ril.\'CS, he isstark mad; .~.-ny<l7t :u{/ W. lie hM beenscilet! 'l\ilh religious insnni~y, is derllngcd,whie" is staled to be occnsionally the effectof severe and long continued ulediwtion.cr. MOli.

tf::f' '1IIr4-OO, sometillles~.::::l smd-ba,also

N.2\:::t .mdr-ba, pr. ,mms, imp. ,mroa 1. toCo1 speak, to talk, .mra 1»a nltt-te Dzl.growing dumb, speechless, not being ablero s['cak (physically); tali mi 'IIIrd-baryyiJI"to the)' grew spcechl("ss, did oot know \\·hatto say Dzl. j ,mra ae,-tlas mil' flYur-ro the)'rccei\'cd the faeully of sllcech and becamemeo Glr.jlnM-bai rndm...pm lfyeu dali I7l1rd3­it D::l. speaking to the youth In a seducti"emanner; fsig mydn_par .l1wd-ba D::l. to8pellk in a friendly way; los .mrd-ba topreach, ro. .mrO-bai zdl-la lW-ba to hnngon the preacher's Jip~, to listen \'ery atten­~i\'ely Pth.; da ma .mra zig D::l. do no~

lose :Inother word; .mra-IIl~'cu(-pa) speak­ing shrewdly, well-spoken, eloquent D::l.,Glr.; .mra - oddd talkative, loquacious Ca.;nnra~nyu,j sparing of words, taciturn, Lt.;smru-bcdd forbellrinp:; to speak; not beiogbound to speak Mil.; .mra-mrog, .mrd­bat dball-'llyUg, .mrd-bai rgyd.l-po = Jam-

;5 t.a. I. the letter sounding tsj tenuis, AS

in the words 'it ~ot so cold', cf. however£, f.a; ;5, a:; and e. represent in &k. andHindi-words the palatals "If, " and ~ (~

- q} - 2. num ug.: 17.

429

dpdl; also to treat 01, with referenu loltooks lVai. - 2. to say, mi-la to • perMn;when it precOOCii the words th..t lire quo~M they were spoken, (the 1iO-er.lled 'orslioobliqull' being very seldolll m.de use af,one illslllnce v. further on): (d{~ctl).mra.-pu or ,mru,-IO; wheo plated llfLer thewords spoken, (en) Imrdl-&o, lfllro.-k etc. ;,mrd.--pa nlso is equi\'nlenL lo he continuedDzl.; sometimes it is used imlM!rsoD"Uy, itis said, e.g. it is said in that lelLer, wherewe should SIlY, 'tbat leUcr says', SI{}.; I#wd­Tgyu rna byioj_ito there remained nothingmore for him to say (v. abo~e); rarely withtermin. in£.: rtug-par 1li lIa mi .mrao thatthey will reach it, I do not pretend to liarTllgy.; lJh-par .mra-ba lo profess to how,to underl;land, like 'arum profiUri' Dzl.;dlio.-por $m"o-ba lo ncknowledge a thingin substance tveu., ""td.-par ,mrd-ha to denyit in sum twd sultsmuce.

Note. The word whiell forms the sub­ject of this artich:, though consT.Antly to benlet with in ltooks, seems w be hardly everused in COll\'ClsatioDIlI language.~' k' ,mra,;, .mren C•. word, $peeeh;~ -, ':::j - smrari rJd1-ha to beg the word,to beg leave to speakir,::r l/llri-w 1. - $7111'U-ha(?) - 2. to wail,'::J to lament Pth.; more com ,mr.t-3lidg.oddn-pa to utter lamentations; nnrt-3lidg.­kyi '!fJ..ncu whioing (with jar) Mil. - nnre­

rUdIi?

i' tlwa Ld. spLlnk, German linder.•i·rtf.' tu - 1...0.., &l:. "Ifm partridge, -,rifJ-pa·

i"!f.:::j'·1T1. ua-kra-bd-ia red goon, Ana. ca-r.; .arca.

430

tsa-dar tsam

^W.

? tsa-dar, tsa-sar, Pers., Hind.

shawl, plaid, cloak, toga

at, tsd-nas, tsd-la

v. tsam.

xS'&'TT tsa-na-ka, more con.

chick-pea, Cicer arietinum.

x>q^fj" tsd-big, v. fsa-big.

*

Ssk.}

tsa-rdg,*tsa-rdgzer-ce*Ld.io crackle,

of fire, breaking twigs etc.

tsd-ru 1. TF. curled, frizzled, as hair

and similar things. 2. Lex. : Ssk.

meat-offering to the manes.

tsa-sa(-kd), ^TO, Coracias Indica,

jay, roller.

tsdg-ge W. the black mark in a target,

tsdg-ge-la gyob hit the mark!

T ^<3\(3\* fedn-dan, tsdndan, ^'^T,

^'

sandal-tree, Sirium myrtifo-

lium, sandal-wood, used for elegant build-

ings, images of the gods, perfumes, medi-

cines Glr., Med.','m different varieties: dkdr-

po, dmdr-po etc., also of fabulous kinds:

tsdn-dan sbrul-gyi snyin-po, gor-si-sa, gldn-

mgo Glr., Dzl; fig. something superior in its

kind, pa tsdn-dan pu-nu mi-lay-tu sol the

elder and younger sons of a distinguishedfather perform menial services.

tsan-don v. btson-don.

tsob, rtsab-rtsub

hurry, haste C's., tsab-tsub-can hasty Cs.; tsab-

tsub mi bya Lex. take your time, don't be

in a hurry ! rtsab-rtsub-med-par not flitting,

like a butterfly, from one object to another

Mil.; tsub-linSch. hastily, in a hurry (?)

rtsab-hrdl Lex.;Sch. a loose, dissolute

course of life (?) rtsdb-pa Sch. to hurry,to hasten (?).

.^q^rx-tsabs-ru 1. a kind of salt, tsabs-ru-

fsd S.a. 2. a tube of horn Sch.

VW tsam mostly affixed as an enclitic,=

snyed (sometimes carelessly for tsdm-

pa or tsdm-du) I. in a relative sense, 1. as

much as Odi-tsam as much as this, = so

much, so many; mi Odi tsam ysod-pa to kill

somany men (rZr.; de-tsamid.;also emphat. :

cos de tsam zig bsdd-nas after having given

you so much religious instruction Mil.\ by

way of exclamation: ci-tsam how much! W.

and B., ci-tsam byas how much have you not

done ! Glr. ; ji-tsam . . . de-tsam how much . . .

so much (as much as)Cs. 2. denoting com-

parison, as to size, degree, intensity, like,

as-as, SO-as, SO that: ri-rdb tsam like Sumeru

(in height) Cs ; yuhs-Jbru tsam as big as a

grain of mustard-seed;*de ri fon-po tsam

dug de-t'sogs di yan yod* W. as high as yonmountain is also this one

; pus-mo nub-patsam even to sinking in up to the knees

(knee-deep); nyi-ma Ogrib-pa tsam so muchthat the sun was darkened Glr. ; mfai rgydl-

po yan dbdn-du Odus-pa tsam byun he be-

came so (powerful), that he could also sub-

due or could have subdued the neigh-

bouring kings Glr. 3. denoting contin-

gency and restriction: perhaps, if need be,

almost, only, but, all but: fsab run tsdm^mo

Wdn. this may perhaps be used instead,

this may, if need be, supply its place; btan-

na nam-mtfai bya yah zin-(pa) tsam ydaif 1 let him loose, he might almost catch a

bird in the air,=

zin-pa danQdrao Mil.;

with a partic. : rtags yod-pa tsdm-la = rtags

dan yod-pa-la to every one that has the

mark Glr. ; rtsa dan rus-pa tsamDzl. nothingbut skin and bones; Ogro mi nus-pa Oyog-

pa tsam Dzl. one only creeping, not beingable to walk; ca tsam ses kyan if one knows

but a particle, but a little bit; sems tsdm-

mo they exist only in our fancy Was.', fsigs-

ma tsam yod-dam Dzl. is not the sediment

at least still left? Ihdg-ma tsam, zig Dzl.

but a remnant; brgyatsam may mean : about

one hundred, or : only one hundred;in some

cases tsam is untranslatable: Ina-brgyd tsam

fams-cdd fsei dus byas-so the 500 merchants

died all Dzl. (15, 9 s.l. c.); bden-pa tsam yodMil. some grain of truth is in the matter;

fsig dan rndm-par Odrd-ba tsam Odug-na-

^an Mil. though it is all but equal to the

words, i.e. very much like the real tenor

or wording; it may also be combined with

if~r..' tsa-dar; tsa-Mr, Pm., Hind.

A shawl, plaid, cloak, toga

u'Il.l' tsa-na, tad-nas, tsa-lav. tsam.

if~' t:la-ruHa, more corr. if,o'1' Sa/.: ,

chick-pea, CiuT arietinum.

;i'~ "obig, ,. haMg.

i'~ ua-rdg,"l:8a-ragzi1'--ct" Ld. to crackle,of fire, breaking twigs etc.

t~· t:ld-ru 1. IV. curled, frizzled, liS hairand similar things. - 2. Lu.: Ssk.

meat·offering to the manes.

Q'+r(1') ~a-Aa(-ka), ~, C&rada3 Indica,Jay, roller.

i9'~ t8dg-ge IV. the black mark in a target,tsdg-ge-la gyOO hit the mark!

~=i,~' i~ udn - dan, t:landan, ",~., "\' sandal.tree, Siriurn myrtij()-

Hum, sandal-wood, us~d for elegant build­ings, images of the gods, perfumes, Uledi­cinesGlr., Moo.; in different varieties: d/.:dr­po, dmdr-po etc., also of fabulous kinds:l:8an-dan sbrut-fllJi snyifi-po, gdr-U-.8a, gUri­mgo Gll'., DzL; fig. something superior in itskind, pa I:8dn-dan pli-nu mi-Ia!I-tu son tlieelder and younger sons of a distinguishedfather perform menial services.

~~. tsan-dQIi V'. bUf>n-drJIi.

;J,:r4':r ;\q'~ g':rg':r "'00 0}" ",p,o, '..... u(J" Tl:8ab-rutW

hurry, haste C,., tsab-I:8UlHanhasty Os.; tsab­I:8tW mi bya Lu. take your time, don't bein a hurry! mab-rtsuh-mid-par not Hitting,like a butterfly, from one object to anotherMil.; tntb -lin SeA. hastily, in a hurry(?)- rl:8ah-hrdl La.; Sch. a loose, dissolutecourse of life('?) - rl:8db-pa &k, to hurry,to hasten(?).~~~. t:laln-rif L a kind of salt, t:lab8-ru­

(fa S.fI. - ~. a tube of horn Sen.~r·tsam.mostly affixed as an enclitic,.­

snyed (sometimes carelessly for udm­pal orl:8dm_du)], in a relative sense: L.,much as odi-gam as much as this, = so

~. gam

rouch, so many; ml odl tsam ~dd-pa to killsomany lDen Glr.; de·l:8am id.; also emphat.:cos de gam Zig bAad-llas after having givea),ou so much religious instruction Mil.; hyway of exdam ation: Ci-tsam how much! 1¥.and B., Ci-tsarn byas how much have you notdone! Gb·.; ji-l:8am ... ~l:8amhow much ...so much(as much ns)0s.-2. denoting com­parison, as to size, degree, inte.Dsity, like,as-as, so·as, so that: ri-rdb 1:8am like Sumeru(in height) C8 ; yiJli8-obru mam as big as agrain of mustard-seed; "de ti f6n-po 1:8am­dug de-f80fP di ym; yod" W. as high as yonmountaio is al~o this one; pUs-mo nub-pa.mam even to sinking in up to the knees(knee-deep); nyi-ma ofJrib-pa mam so muchthat the sun was darkened Glr.; m(ai rflJldl.po !l(U, dhdn-du odus-pa marn bllu/, lIe be­came so (powerful), tlmt he could also sub­due - or could have subdued - tnc neigh­houring kin~ Glr. - 3. denoting contin­gency and restriction: perhaps, if need be,almost, only, but, all but: (sob rlUi uJm-moWdn. this may perbaps be used instead.,this may, if need be, supply its place; btan­na nam·mfai bya yan zin-(pa) 1:8am fdaif 1 let him loose, he migllt almost catch abird in tbe air, - ::in.-pa dali odrao Alil.;with al,artic.: rlag8 ydd-pa l:8am-la - rfag'dati ydd-pa-la to everyone that has themark Glr.; rl8a da/, rU8-pa l:8amDzl. nothingbut skin and bones; 091'0 mi nu,-pa o!lOg­pa team Dd. one only creeping, not beiogable to walk·; la 180m Se8 kyat, if one knowsbut a particle, but a little bit; ,ems I:8dm­100 they exist only in our fancy Was.; lsigs­rna tsam yOd-dam D::/'. is not the sedimentat least still leM lnag-rna tsam zig Dzl.but a remlllUlt; bryyamam may mean: aboutone huudred, or: only one hundred; in somecases uam is untranslatable: ["a-brgyd 1:8amfa11l8-cdd (sri dus hyaNo the 500 merchantsdied all D;;/. (15,9 s.l c.); hdin-pa u(Jm!JOdMil. some grain of truth is in the matter;(tig dan rndm-par odra-/)a tsam odilg-na­~a1i .Mil. though it is all but equal to thewords, i.e. very much like tbe real tenoror wording; it may also be combined with

431

fci-fc*

the signs of the cases: na min tsdm-<j>/i

dgt-sloii ma yin Dzl. I am Bhikshu not only

by name, I am not merely called so; da

tsdm-gyi bdr-du Dzl. till about the present

time (standing here rather pleon., as frq.

is the case); brdm-ze ybig tsdm-gyi sldd-

du Dzl. for the sake of a single Brahmin;

spu nyiig-ma tsdm-gi,i Ogy6d-pai sems Dzl.

but a whit (lit. a little hair) of repentance.- 4. tsdm-na referring to time: about a

certain time, at the time when, when: nam-

pyed tsdm-na about midnight; de tsdm-na

then, at that time; esp. with verbs: Kyim-

dupyin tsdm-na Dzl. when he came home;inst. of tsdm-na it is very common to say

tsd-na; byed-gin yod tsd-na as he was just

doing it Glr.; ynyid sad tsd-na when he

awoke Glr.; zld-ba brgyad son tsd-na when

eight months had passed Glr.; esp. col. : *yon

tsd-na* W. as we came, on our journey

hither, when incorr. *tsa-ne (or sd-ne)* is

said, which is justifiable only in such cases,

as: *a-ma kye-sa-ne* from one's birth; ji-

tsam-na or -nas when, yet mostly pleon., in

as far as the sentence beginning with ji-

tsam-na after all concludes with nas, padan, dus-kyi fse etc., v. Peer Introd. frq.,

also Tar. 5. tsdm-du denoting extent,

degree, intensity: as far as, about so far,

nearly up to, even to, till, so that, and tsam in

various other applications : lam pyed tsdm-

du about half way; frq. with verbs: bd-

spu lans-pa tsdm-du skrags Dzl. he was so

frightened, that his hair stood on end;dum-

bur bcdd-pa tsdm-du sdug-bsndl-gyis yduns-te Dzl. tormented by a pain, as if he were

cut to pieces ;bus ma mton-ba tsdm-du dgd-

steDzl. 'being glad even to a mother's beingseen by her child', i.e. so glad as a child

is, when beholding its mother again; some-

times tsdm-la for tsdm-na and tsdm-du Mil.

yet not frq. and more col. : (jib tsdm-la in

the shade ',*sin-ni tsdm-la* W. under, before,

near a tree; tsdm-yyis instrum.: nan-non

tsdm-gyis cdg-ses-pa content with every

thing, as poor as it may be; com. added

to the inf.: smrds-pa tsdm-du as soon as it

had been said Dzl. frq., or also : 'in the mere

saying so' Stg.; inst. of it. col.: *zer toam

ziy-la* ; W. : *zer-ra todm-zig-ga*. turn

yan with a following negative: not the least,

mo's-pa tsam yan mi bytd-pa Mil. to paynot the least respect; not in the least, not

at all: nyi-ma dan zld-ba tsam yan Itar medDzl. neither sun nor moon is to be seen

at all. tsdm-pa adj., mi-fsad-tsdm-paman-sized, having the size of a man Tar.

tsdm-po Mil. mi tscim-po y6ns-lcyi senu-

la jug prob : I shall enter into the soul

of the very first man I meet with; also =gan (cf. rtags gan yod-pa-la above).

Cs. has besides : tsdm-po-ba a comparing,

estimating; tsam -poi fsig a comparative

expression; tsdm-poi don a comparativesense (?). II. used interrogatively : how much ?

how many? *rin tsam?* W. how dear?

tsdm-pa \. v. tsam towards end of

preced. article. 2. sbst flour from

parched barley, v. rtsdm-pa. 3. n. of

a country Tar. 10,14; 20,16; ace. to Sfk.

Lexx. =Bhagalpore, v. Kopp. I, 96; in

modern geography : the small Hindu moun-

tain-province Chamba on the river Ravi,

under British protection.

tsam~Pa~ka'Ssk. magnolia, MicheHa1

Champaca.teGw-teom tripping to and fro, fid-

geting about W. (cf. tsab-tsob1

).

tsar-ma n. of a place, freq. resorted

to by Mil.

\5 tsi num. fig. : 47.

tsi-tra-ka Ssk. 1. a painted mark on

the forehead, being the badge of

various sects Sch. 2. name of several

plants, esp. Ricinus communis, so perh. Lt.;

in Lh. : Anemone rivularis, common there.

*

tsi-stdg n. of a purgative Med,

tsi-na ^fa. China C.; now com. ma-

ha-t&in.

. tsi-tsi mouse C'., t&i-ghi id. T*.; tn~

cu/'i Shrew (mouse) Sch.\ fdn-gi tsi-tsi

field-mouse Schr.; .-><// tsi-tsi mole Schr.; tsi-

tsis- dzin n of a plant Wdn.

the signs o{ the ca...~s: HII 1nili W"'.gyidgNIoli WIa yin D::L I am Bhibbu DOt onlyby name, 1 a.D Dot merely t:Jllled 10; d4tH,"-fJYi bdNiw D::L till about the presenttime ($landing here rather pleon., .. frq.is the caM); braltt-u rli9 t.dwt-gyi WMl­dM D:I. {or the uke of a 5ingle 8J1lhmin;Ipw "y09-wt/l lIa,"-g~i _f9Od-tJai .,.... D:l.bill a wbit (!it. a liule hair) o{ ~pentAnu.

- •. t1d..·,.a rderring to time: about.certain lime, at the time whetl. when: nil,"",

1~ tuiltt·fta about midnigbt; de tad_IIthen, at that time; esp......ith "erbs: Eyirn.dw Fyin Utim·na D::L when he ume home;inst. of tlam-na it is "ery cowman to saytla-na; 69id·gin yod tla-1«J t\.S he was justdoing it Glr.; my,d lad tld·na wilen beawoke Glr.; :ld-ba brg!Jad 101; tld-na wileneight months IULd pnssed Glr.; e~I" col.: -yo';tui ·110- W. 1l.S we came, aD our journeyJlither, when incorr. -tl(NI§ (or .d.~)- issaid, which is jl15tifi1l.ble ooly in such ~sei,

as: -a.ma ~0'rJ!~ from one's lJirtbj )i­lMm-na or .,,/11 when, yet mostly 1,100n., inas far as tbe Sl'.nteoce beginning with )i.tIIIm· "II 1l.fter all concludes with ft4l, poda,;, dw-lyi (u etc., v. Fnr Introd_ frq.,al~ Tar. - 5.lIa",-dll denoting exlenl,dl'grl"C, intensit)·: as far as, about 10 far,nearty up to. eYen to, till, so that, and tIIIm iDnrious other appljatioos: lalll pyed ga_dll I.bout b:df lII.y; frq. ",jth vube: bd­'I"J ld,j~ Utint-dM wagJ /hI. he ,,'a;; &0

frightened, that his hair stood on end; dUm·bur bidd-pa flam-dw Idwy-blltdl-gyil I'd"';'"14 D::l. tormented by a p-.in, 11.5 if he werecut to l,iC<:eil; btu JrIQ mtdN·ba tui".-dM dga­,uDd. 'being glad even to a mother's beiogseen by her child', i.e. so jtlad as a ehildis, when beholding its motb('r ngnioj SOUle­tiwes IId11/.-1a for flam-na and uam·du Mil.yet uot frq. nnd more col.: (j,b Utim-la intbe sb.ll.de; -lhi-nituim--la- ~v. uuder, before,nea.r a trr.e; ud"'1!!fU inslrum.: Itan·1i/mUtim· gyil 'ldg-Jtt.po content witb e"erything, ... poor as it may be; com. addedto the inf.: --aa-pa t.d7rt·d. as soon" it

.0&31

had been &aid D:l. frq., or also: 'in~ J»fft

FayiDg so'Stg.; intt. of it. col.: -ur tI4MHg-la-; lV.: W:ir-ra tMl_~{I.~. _ :.­YO" with a foUowing nq;atiye: not lite least,-.61.p4 till. yo.. Itti~ Ali/.. 10 payDOt the kat respect; not in t. JeIst, netat all: lIyi__ da.i :ld-ba t.lmlllyUlt. __

D:l. neither SUD nor mooo i. to be Hft1

It all. - tldm-po. lIdi., "'-4od-uo..-pem.an~ized, having the size of a mall Tar.- lIdlll-pO Mil 1fti tldrn-po y6ANyi_la jug proh : I sball enter into the IOUIof the very finl man] meet with; also_gwi (cf. rtaga Q{J" yOd.pa-ta. abo,·e). ­Y. has besides: tltim-po-ba a comparing,e..timaling; tlam - poi 6'9 a colMparativee:lpre8~Oo; IIdm-poi don a comparativesCDse(?). II. used interrogt\.lively: how much?how many? -,;n Uamt· W: how dear?

~'''r t1dm-pa I. v. lIam tow.rds end ofpreeed. article. - 2. sb6t now from

parched Quley, v rtldm.po. - 3. o. ofa eouutry Tar. 10,14; 20,16; au.. to SM-.lA.U. _ Bb:ag:t.lpore. v. KOpp. I, 96; inmodern gwgraphy: Ibe saL.1I Hindu mon·tain-province Clwnk on the ri"er H1,i,under British protection.~.:flTr lId"'1M-.l:as.t.lltagnolia, Mic4dia

I C4:_pcrca.Mr~ lIallf-tIOm tripping to and ire, Ad­

geting about W. (e.£. tlab-t.sb).~.~ Adr--M<I n. of. place, freq. reJOrted

to by MiL

~ iii num. fig.: 47.

'&'5"1' lIi-tra-ka &t 1. a paiuted lLI.rk ontbe fONlhead, being tbe badge of

variol18 sects &11. - 2. name of severalplant&, esp. Ricitllll comnLlmil, so perb. Lt.;in Ln.: .Anemon, rictlkuil, common there.

~~. tli-dag n. of a purgative MN.

~t" /.Ii-na m. CAina c,.; uow com._hIS_nin.

~?;- tai-W mouse G~, iii· 9Ai id. T•. ; f:Ii.z.w.. sbrtw (IDOUl>f;) &A.; (dN-gt Ai-iii

field-mouse &4r.; ItIi Ui-ai .,me &lv.; tIS­__d.:i" n of a pl.nt ",<IIi.

432

tsi-tsi-dzo-la*

ytsan

j-tsi-tsi-dzo-la Cs., tsi-tsi-dzo-ba

Sch. cancer (disease), said to be a

Nepalese word.

x5 x> tsi-tse v. tse-tse.

tsig-tsig byed-pa to quarrel, to be

at variance Sch.

" tsitta Ssk. the heart as seat of the in-

tellect, v. Burn. I, 637.

\* tsid anvil Sch.

^ tsu num. fig.: 77.

&^\ tsu~da>-, tsu-dai sin n. of a tree Sch.

Vqi- tsug for ci-ltar adv. interrog. and cor-

'

relat., how, as, rarely occurringin books;

Pth. : de gar Ogro, tsug byed where she is

going, and what she is doing. In W. com.

in the form zug, in such combinations as:

gd-zug for ci-tsug, ci-ltar; *l-zug or Odi-

zug, and a-zug* or *de-zug*: so; *dan de-

zug de-zug* and more of that kind; de-tsug

lags in Lexx.

^cn'^cn- tsug-tsug the noise of smacking in

eating, tsug-tsug mi bya do not

smack Zam.

x$" tse num. fig. : 107.

tse-gur Sch.: 1. a small tube. 2. a

little.

tse-po, tsel-po a basket carried

on the back, dosser, esp. W.;*cdn-tse or cdg-tse* a wicker basket, *nyun-tse or nyug-tse* a cane basket Ts.; *tsel-

cug* the wands used for such a basket;*tsel-

cdg* a broken dosser W.; *tsel-rd* the

frame-work of a basket Cs.; *tsel-lun* stringor strap for carrying it.

tse-tse, tsi-tse millet Cs.

*^* fee-re 1 . song, tune Lex. 2.

tseg-tseg, tseg-tseg zer-ba to rustle,

'to make a noise like dry hay' Cs.

tseb-tseb sharp-pointed, of needles,

thorns.

fern-fee = cem-tse small scissors.

tseu-ri a species of female demons

tser-tser, tser-tserbyed-pa to tremble,

shake, quake Sch.

tsel-po v. tse-po.

feo num. fig.: 137.

- feo'-ra Wc?/i., Ssk. n. for the medicinal

herb srub-ka; in /Ss. Lexx. no bo-

tanical explication is given, but only the

notice, that it is a perfume; in Kullu a

sweet-scented white lily is called so.

tsog-pu (ace. to

which is not to be found; on the

other hand Burn. 1,310 gives tsoy-pu-pa

%*rf^fi ne sitting down) the posture of

cowering, squatting, crouching, tsog(-tsog}-pur

sdod-pa, Odug-pa resp. bzugs-pa Pth., col.

*tson-tson, tsom-tsom*, to cower, squat, crouch;

tsog-pu mi nus he cannot even cower, of

one sick unto death Thgy.; tsog mi yzug-

pa of a similar sense Sch. (The version

'to sit on one leg drawn in' Sch., which has

also been adopted by Burn., may possibly

be founded on a mistake of Sch., who in

Cs.'s explanation: 'sitting in a crouching

posture upon one's legs', prob. read 'upon

one leg').

tsoh - Ka n. of a place in Eastern

Tibet Ma.; tson-Jca-pa 1. inhabitant

of that place. 2. n. of a celebrated teacher

of religion and reformer, about the year

1400.

tson-tson 1 .=

tsog-tsog v. tsog-pu.

2. ts&h-tsoh-la kur carry it straight

W.

(' tson-don v. btson-don.

tsob-tsob, *tsob-tsob-la dug-ce* Ld.

to stand or sit in different groups,

not in rows.

"tsor-mo a five-finger pinch Cs.

TT ftsdg-pa v. Ofsdg-pa; ytsdg-bu also

btsdgs-bu lancet for bleeding.

ytsah 1. dean, pure v. ytsdn-ba.-

2. n. of a province in C., where Tasi-

Ihunpo is situated; ytsdn-pa inhabitant of it.

432

~cr tU-~i-dz6-lo. C.O, m_tJi_duJ_oo&Ia. cancer (disease), said to be a

Nepalese ""ord.

U f3i..i# v. ~W.

~~ uu;-~ig byM-pa to quaml, to beat variance &h.

~ Uitto. Sd-. tne heart as seat of the in­'5 telIeet, v. Burn. I, 6M.

*" aid anvil Sal

~. iN nnm. fig.: 77.

.Q·~I tN-do., tai-dai iiJi n. of a tree &iI.

.Q~ gllg for H-lto.r ad". interrog. aDd cor-relal.., how, as., rarclyoocurriJJgin hoob;

PtA.: dt gar o!P'O, uvg b!ltd ""bere sbe isgoing, aDd ""hl\t she is doing. In lY. com.in the form :Ilfl. in such combinations ali:

gd-ztIfI for H-~!l9, H-ltClrj -i'-:::un or di-• ~~> •zug, aDd rr-ZNfl- or -l.U-zw1l: so; -([wi d~

:IlflIU-ZIlg'" aDd more of that kindj rk-tmglfUJI in La.r..Q9'~:rr th~-uNg the noise of smacking in

caung, thg-ttWg mi byo. do nol.smack ZOom.

~ tu num. fig.: 107.

~~r &h.: I. a smRII wbe. - 2. a..., little.

~'f, ~..r~ taJ.-po. tM~ a basket carriedon the back. dosser, esp. IV.;

-Cdri-tu or M[J-fM- a wicker basket, -flyU';­tu or 'IM-tlt- a cane bullct r,.; -lui­CUff the wands used fOrBuch a basket; -lui­cdg- a broken dosser W:; - ful- rd- theframe-work of a blLSket c..; -tltl-lllli· stringor strap for cnrrying it.

n, ~ tie-faA, ~i·t8i millel G.

~~. ~Mi 1. song, tune Lu. - 2... fae-ri.

~.~. lstfJ-tUig, tItfl-lMg ::b-ba to rustle,'to make a noise like dry hay' c..

~~ tstlJ-Wb sharp'pointed, of needles,thorns.

~~ ~-t.u - Um--tu small scissors.

~.~. t3eu-ri a species of female demons-." Thgr.

3~·3::.· fUr-t3ir. tMr-airbyid-pn to trelllble,shake, quake &Ii.

&-..r?f QR-po v. Ui-po.-,.0 tIo num. fig.: 131.

"t~. ts6-ra. Wdot., &Jr. IL for the medicinalherb vtib-ko.j in .&I.. Le:u. no b0­

tanical uplication is given, but onJ)' thenotice, that it is a perfume; in Kulln asored·6<:ented white lily is called so.

~'f ta4g-pw (ace. to oneLu. "" ."C....",......, which is not to be fOllDd; iin the

other hand BMI'1I. 1,310 gi,·ClI r»;-pU-pa- ~. one sitting dO....'II) the posture ofcowering, squaHing, cnluching. tIog(-uog}pwralOO""'PD., "ditg-pa resp. b:"g..-po. lU, 001.·boIi-taOri, t80tn.tIdm-, tocower,squal,croudI;~ mi '"" he ('annot nen cower, ofone sick unto death TAgy.j tM1g ",i pilg­po. of a similar sense &Ia. - (The version'to sit on one leg drawn in' Sdt., whicb hasalso been adopted by BIlm., may possiblybe fOllDded on a mistake of &Ia., who in( •.'. explanation: 'sitting in a crouchingposture upon ooe's legs', prob. read 'uponone leg').~F tsM· ia 0_ of • (llace in Eastern

Tibet Ma.; tIOit-fo.-po. l. inhabitll.Dtof that place. 2. D. of a celebrated teacherof religion and reformer, about the ycar14.00.it·~ tsori-Mn I. -13og-tMJg v. tsOg-pu. -

2. wm-iadil-lo. kur carry it straightlV.

~~t:: Uon-dOli v. btson-dOli.

~~. tsob-tWb, ·tsob-tadb-lo. d"S-CI" U.to stand or sit in different groups,

not in rows.

~.~ U<!1'-'1IU) a five-finger pinch Ca.

~~Q' JoUdg-pa. v. ot8dg.pa; rtad,..ou alsobUdga-bu lancet for bleeding.

~\St.. r tswi 1. clean, pure v. r~ari-ba. ­2. n. ofa province in C., where Tasi­

Ihunpo is situated; ytsUn-f14 inhl\bita.nt of it.

ftmn'i -/HI

ytsah-ba 1. vb. to be clean, pure

Dom. 2. sbst cleanness, purity.

- 3 adj. clean, pure. Most frq. as sbst.

with negation: mi-ytsdn-ba impurity, foul-

ness, filth Dzl. and elsewh. : excrement </. ;

mi-ytsdn-ba rndm-pa sna-fa6gs-kyi pun-po

heap of all kinds of filth, mass of corrup-

tion, sometimes applied to the human bodyDzl. ; ytsdh-ma adj., clean, as to the body,dotlifs ftc.: de ni rab-bkri'is ytsdn-ma yinthat man is well washed and clean S 0.;

ytsan-btsog-med(-pa) one that knows no

difference between clean and unclean (cf.

med)-, dirty, slovenly; rude, uncouth Glr.;

ytsdn-mar byed-pa 1. to clean. 2. to make

one's self clean, smart, tidy; *td$-ma)hf-pa* 6'., *co-ce* W. is said to be a euphemismfor circumcision. -

*sul-tsdn-po* C. one

that clears his plate, empties his cup ;one

that does a thing thoroughly. ytsdn-Kan

Cs., com. dri-ytsan-Kah v. dri. --ytsan-

sbrd religious purity, ""jf^; ytsan-sbrd-can

(or dan Iddn-pd) morally pure, ytsan-sbra-

mdd-paimpureDo. ytsan-ris Sch.: the pure

country and its inhabitants, the pure, the

saints.

yte<*'l -p-> Ld- *tsdns-po* river,

stream; esp. the large stream flow-

ing through Tibet from west to east, gen.

called*Yarutsanpo*; ytsan-cu, resp. ytsan-

cdb, id.

ytsan-bu screen, parasol Sch.

ytean-ytsoii (or* dzan- dzon*?)

Ld., steep, rugged, mountainous.

ytsdb-pa to detach with a crow-bar.

ytei-ba, pf. ytsis, to invite, summon,

call, appoint Sch.

ytsigs 1. importance 6s., )'tsigs(su}

-ce very important Lex.; ytsigs c&-

bar byed-pa to make much of ('s.; Sch.

also mi-ytsiys insignificant; unapt, and ma-

ftsigs unimportant; without difficulty, whereas

in one L&r. mi-ytsigs spyod-pa is explained

by mi-rigs-pa. 2. Pth. 85 : (but as a girl

was born, the king and his ministers were

quite in despair, and) btsun-mo-la yah fugs

yteigs-cun-bar yyur-to also the queen's mind

433

was much dejected (?). 3. Mil.: ytxigt-la

Jbtbz-pa frq. ; by the context: to subdue, to

force, compel, also with supine, Jbam bgyid-

par to compel to obey. 4. Sch. : fteigt-

pai bio quick comprehension, retentive me-

mory.

yt*igs-pa, with or without m&-ba, to show one's teeth, to grin

Glr.; mam-par ytstgs-pa id. Glr.

CV

ytsir-ba \. Otsir-ba.

1- crown of the head, vertex Lt.,

ytsug id. Glr. frq.; ytsvg-tu

Ocih-ba to fasten on the head; fig. sd-yig

Ytsug-tu bcins-pai ga, cf. tod. 2. tuft, crest,

of birds Sch. 3. whirlpool, eddy, vortex,

in the water Sch.; ytsug-Jtyil Wdn., also

rtsub-Jcyil, perh. id.(?); ytsug-rgydn head-

ornament, ytsug-(yi) ndr(-bu) jewel of the

head; frq. fig.: most high, most glorious

among .. ., c.genit.; also ytsug-gi ndr-bur

gyur-pa Glr., = mcdg-tu gyur-pa. ytsug-

tor = for -cog, ^Ujfiq, conical or flame-

shaped hair-tuft on the crown of a Buddha,in later times represented as an excrescence

of the skull itself, \.Burn. 11., 558. Schl.lW.

yteug-l<*g 1- sciences,i

literae''t

yt&ug-ldg rndm-pa bco-brgyddthe eighteen sciences; Kyod ytsug-lag ce-

zin Odzdns-pa thou, who art rich in know-

ledge and wisdom. 2. scientific work or

works, frq. ; ytsug-lag-Kdh faf K, academy,convent-temple and school, cf. also gdndho-

la; ytsug-lag^mkan or -pa Cs.& learned man.

ytsugs-pa to bore out, scoop out,

excavate Sch.(?).

ftsub-pa, pf. ytsubs, to rub, ytsub-

sin, a piece ot dry wood that is

rubbed against another (ytsub-stdn or -ytdn)

in order to make fire Cs.

ytse-ba, pf. ytses v. Jk-ba.

'^J* yt&fys-pa=

Odzigs-pa Sch.

'^* ytstii-ba=

ytsi-ba Sch.

ytsfr-ba=

Jkt-ba Lex.

en

ytso 1 . v. ytso-bo. 2. v. yttod.

28

.33

~~..::r ,uorit-ba 1. vb. 10 be clean, pure/)oM. - 2. ihat cleanness, purity.

- 3 ftdj clean, pure. Mo~' frq... shsL... ill. n~g.lion: lII,,"j tldJi-lM. impurity, foul.II filth D:J. and dse....h.: uCn'mcct S.!!_;'ff .../TMhi-lM. ""mrt-]JG ,,,a-fM1g--J:yi /Wit-poheap of .11 kinds of filth. mass of eorrup""lion, !iOmetimea _"plied to the humAn bodyD::l.; l't1d"'-,,", allj., dun, as to lhe body,cloth f'te.; dt "i ra~';. ,"uii-trla yinthAt mall is ..ell washed and dean SO.;,'taoli·blJog-fltid(-pa) one tbM !taOWI nollilfe~nce betw~n clean and unclean (el.mtd); dirty, ,Iovenly; rude, uncouth Gir,;rwil-mar byitl-pa I. 10 clean. 2. to makeone's self clean, smart, tidy; ·uoil-ma)M'_pa- C., ·M-t~ IV. iii said to be 8. euphclnismfor circumcision. - ·~ul-udlj-po· r.-: onethat c1enrs his plate, empties his cup; onetbnt dOCll a thing thoroughly. - ludli.VanCt., com. (lri-yUali-J!a,j v. dri. - rlUJIi.abm 1"I'11giou8 purit)" lIJ1"ll'; }'troil-lbrd.i:an(ur dati [Jdn.po) moral1y pnre. rua,...fbra~

mid_po iropureIkJ.-)'Ualt-ril &/t..: the purecountry lUld illl inhabitants. the Ilure, the~int&.

:flu"t:::f }'tMiit - po, £d. -tIOJU - pc. rivu,stream; esp. the large stream flaw_

ing through Tibe~ from ..es~ to east, gen­caned - Yarwtll1lipo·; riMl.,...81, resp. ytiolt­((ih, id.

"]'iC'" ,..............~ ..,.." & •.

~::'":fl~' rtM"-rtMNi (or ·odzati-.d:4"·?)Ld., sltep, rugged, mountainous.

:fl~·tr rtl6.b-po. to detach with a trow·bar.

~3",::r rtli-ha, pf. ra", to invite, summon,call, appoint &11.

~~' ruifll 1. importance u., rUigl(.u)~l, very imporUUlt La. j ytlifJI le­

ba/' 6!Jid - pa to make much of U. j Sell.al80 ffli·ruig. insignificant; unapt, nlld _rllig. unimportant; without difficulty, whereasin olle Lu. ",i-raifll .pyOd-pa is explMinedby ffli-riga-pa. - 2. 1-'tll. M: (but lU a girl"'U born, the killg lUId his miuistelll wereqnite in despair, alld) btnilMllO-la rait (wg.ytIf'gl-lvi.-bor flYUr-to aho'lhe queen'smind

was roucb dejected(T). - S. MiL: yuigt-la.biW-Pa f"l'; by the COnlut: to JUbdue, toforce, compel, a1~ with lupioe, .baM hgyU­por to compd to obe,. - t. &4.:~pui 614 quick compnh~ KIn., retetlti ..e me­mory.

~~q" rtPg.-pa, ..itb or without ,..Uoba, 1e show one's tNtk, to grin

Glr.; f714..-par rtligt-pa it!. Glt-....::f)Q"'~' rUir-ba Y • • tlir-ba.

:ljQ~ }·tI"!, I.c~ of the head, vert~ Lt.,1]'1/1- ruug ,d. Glr. lrq.; ruwg -IN

;liil-ba to fasten on tbe bead; fig, I4-yigrlnig-tu lKMl-p6i !la, cf. (od. - 2. luft, crnl,of birds &h.. - 3. whirlpool, eddy, vortex,in the watcr &A.; ytrug·.!lyil Wdoi'J alsorlnlb-)!Ji4 perh. id.(?); rtnlg-r!l.!Jd~ head­ornament, r~ug·01) ndr(-bu) je\\'el of thehead j frq. fig.: most high, mOllt gloriousamollg ... , c.gcnit.; al80 yuug-gi P6r-burfl'JUr-pa Gir., '=Ii fII~iIl gy"r-pa. - )'tIug­tor - (or -log, ~, conical or Dllme­shaped hair-tuft on the uo....ln of. Buddha,in I""er times represented l\S An UCf'l!S(eDOeof tbe skull itself, v. Bw,.,..II.,»8. SeAI.209.l:flQ~ ,ng-lag 1. sciences, 'li~;

rtlvg-Idg r7td..-pa 6aJ. brgytidthe eighteen aciencelij fyod }'tIiIg-log li­ziti .d::Wi"1X' tbou, who art rich in kno...•ledge and wisdom. - 2. scientifIC wort orworks, lrq. j ftIug-log-ldit fiI1'Tv lWldemr,oon,cnt-temple and acbool, cc. mIG gfirtdlto­la; ftlilg-lag-mIalt or -pa C.... learued man.

~Q::rr-~.::r yt'itgt-pa to bore out, scoop out,excavate 8<~.(?}

'tlQ~'..:r ruuh-pa, pl. y~, 10 rub, }'tI1Ib-iiJi, A piece 01 dry wood thai: is

rubbed agllillst another (}'trulNtdlt or -ytd,.)in order to make fire U.~~~' rtlJ-ha, pl. rlU. v• .rHoha.

"1iii>pr<r ,""'-po - .d..-Igo-pa &10.

"13t.::t. "".... - , &A.

"1"""" """""" - Lu.

¥ roo 1. ", rtl6-bo· - 2. '1'. )'ffM.

"

ytso-bo

434

y^o-bo (Ssk. 3IVTf, consequently=

incog) 1. the highest in perfection,

the most excellent in its kind, ytso-bor or

ytsor byed-pa, len-pa to place foremost, to

consider the first or most excellent; ytso

byds-pai bu-mo lha the five noblest of the

girls Mil. ; ytso byed-pa-rnams the most

respectable, the leaders, the heads Mil.-, des

ytso-byas dpon-yyog-rnams the higher and

lower people subject to him Pth. (j'tso-byed-

pa to be the first, belongs however rather

under the head of no. 2); sndgs-kyi ytso-bo,

smon-lam-gyi ytso -bo (the same as rgydl-

po) chief spell, principal prayer; yi-ge ytso-

bo sum-cu the 30 principal letters, (the let-

ters of the alphabet) Glr.; nad-rnams kun-

gyi ytso-bo the principal disease, viz. fever

Lit. (more correct from an Indian than from

a Tibetan point of view); ytso-ce-ba very

important Thgr.; eminent Tar. ; ytso-bor and

ytso-cer, adv., especially, chiefly, principally.

Hence: 2. a chief, a principal, master, lord,

rkan-ynyis-kyi (lord) of men, i.e. BuddhaDzl.

; rten-gyi ytso-bo the 'lord' of the shrine,

the deity to whom a shrine is consecrated,

which in the lord's absence is guarded bysome servant deity, e.g. Dzl. chap. "VI.; cos-

kyi yts6-bo cen-po grand-master of the doc-

trine, a title of Sariibu Dzl.; gentleman, but

chiefly as a title = Sir, Mr., blon-po ytso-

bo drug-po, ytso-bo mi drug the six (gentle-

men) ministers Glr.; ytsd-mo the most dis-

tinguished lady, the noblest, first in rank,

bu-mo ytso-mo the most excellent amongthe girls ; ytso-mor ^os-pa zig the one most

deserving of preference, the one of the

noblest appearance Mil.; ytso-mo mdzdd-pato be mistress, resp.

ytso-ma, btso-ma hemp Sch.

-

qgr- en-f ytsod, btsod, rtso (Ld.

vulgo *stiod*), the so-

called Tibetan antelope, with straight horns

standing close together and in the direction

of the longitudinal axis of the head S.g.,

ytsod-mo fern., ytsod-prug the young one,

ytsod-rus the bones, ftsod-Rul the wool of

it (used for shawls).

) btsdn(-po)

btsa (btsa-ba Sch.f) 1. rust, Icdgs-kyi

btsa rust of iron;btsas-zas Sch., Kyer

Lex. destroyed by rust. --2. rust, blight,

smut, of corn Sch. -- 3. = btsag, Sch. -

me-btsd moxa Lt.; mi-rus-btsa?

n^Q'n' btsd-ba 1 . pf. btsas, to bear, to bring

forth, cun-ma-la bu btsas his wife

bore, gave birth to, a son Dzl.;bu btsd-bai

tabs mi tub they could not bring forth Dzl. ;

btsds-pa what is begotten, new-born child-

ren or animals Do.', btsd-zug lans pains of

labour ensued Sch. - - 2. resp. to watch,

look on, spy, spydn-gyis Cs.

btsd-ma fruit Sch. 2. = btsa Sch.

btsag, Iff^cR, red ochre Med. and Lex.-,

used also of earths of a different col-

our; btsag -fan, btsag -ri, btsag -lun plain,

hill, valley, of red earth; btsag-yug some

other officinal mineral Med.

btsdg-pa v Ofsdg-pa.

btsag- mo a certain beverage, =

rtsdb-mo.

T btsdn-ba prob.=

Otsdn-ba.

btsdn-po title of sovereigns Glr.,

alledged to be but Khams-dialect

for btsdn-po.

btsan 1. a species of demons, resid-

ing in the air, on high rocks etc.,

mischievous, Glr., Dom. 2. v. the follow-

ing article.

q^faySfS btsdn(-po) strong, mighty, power-'

fill,of kings, ministers etc., esp.

as title of honour: high-potent, Dzl., Glr.;

hence of family, race, descent: illustrious,

noble, Ihd-mo btsdn-rnams the queens of

high descent, in opp. to a third of low ex-

traction Glr.; btsan-(zin) pyug(-poy noble

and rich Dzl., Mil; strong, violent, btsan-

dug a virulent poison Dzl. ; forcible, violent,

btsan-Qprogs byed-pa to commit a robberyconnected with violence Pth.

;btsan-tabs-su

by violent means Pth.; coercive, strict, se-

vere bka, /crims Glr., btsdn-par mdzdd-pa

rigorously to enforce (a law) ; firm, staunch,

immovable, not wavering, nag-btsdn stead-

fastly abiding by one's word Sch.; firm, safe,

434

tlltZf rt8Q • bo (Ssk. lNT1i, consequently- mlog) 1. the highest in perfection,

the most excellent in its kind, ri86.btJ,. orfaor b!fMfa, Iin-pa to place foremost, toconsider the first or most excellent; lt80

byd••pai bu.mo bia the five noblest of thegirls Mil.; 1180 b!Pd-pa-rnam8 the mostrespectable, the leaders, the heads Mil.; dart86-bya3 dpo~nJ6g-rnam8 the higher :l.Ddlower people subject to him Pth'(TtiIQ-byed­pa to be the first, belongs however ratherunder the hend of no. 2); 'riugs-kyi ytsd-bo,$mOn-lam.gyi rt&d-bo (the same as rUgal­fK!) chief spell, principal prayer; yI-ge !tAO­bo .um-eu the 30 principal letters, (the lel­ters of the alphabet) Glr.; nad-t'11am8 kUn­gyi rt8O-OO tbe principal disease, viz. fe\"erLt. (more correct from an Indian than froma Tibetan point of view); yuo-ce-ba ve,"!important Tngr.; eminent Tar.; rM-bi>r DndyWJ-'lir. adv.• especially. chiefly. principally.Hllnce: 2. a chief, a principal, marier, lord,rkan-rnyis-kyi (lord) of men, i. Co BudJhaDzl.; rten-g!JirtAo-oo the 'lord' of the shrine,the deity to whom a. shrine is consecrated,which in the lord's ll.bsence is guarded bysome sen'ant deity, e.g.Dzl. chap. V1; tftls_kyi rt&J-bo Un-po grand-master of the doe­trine, a title of Snriibu Dzl.; gentleman, butchiel1y as a title - Sir, Mr.• bMn-po ytAQ­bo drUg-po. yU6-bo mi drug the six (gende­Dlen) ministers Glr.; y~Q-mo the most dis­tinguished lady, the noblest, first in rank,bU-mo [t8o-mo the most excellent amongthe girls; rtsd-mor ..&...pa zig the one mostdeserving of preference, the one of thenoblest appearance l\Jil.; ytAd-mo mdzdd-pato be mistress, resp.

"'" ,<~\r;r, .q~'~' r~d-ma, btsQ·ma hemp &h.

=.".. q"". m!f. rtm, bMd, rt., (Ld..... \"\. '"'1' ~l"" vulgo *st3Od°). the 50­

called Tibetan antelope, with straight hornsstanding close together and in the directionof the longitudinal axis of the head 8.g.,yt/;dd-.mo fem .• ytAod-ftrUg the yoong one,ytsod-"rUs the bones, rtsod./lul the wool ofit (used for shawls). t,

.qta: !Aso (buo-w.Sch.'f) 1. nast, lcdgs-kyibt/;o rust of iron; b~as-z(U Seh.• Eyer

La. destro)'ed by rust. - 2. rust, blight,smut, of corn Seh. - 3. = bt/;og, Se!l.­me-btsd mox.a Lt.; mi·rus-bt/;a''lta:.::r btsd-ba 1. pf. btsos, to bear. to bring

forth, euti-ma-la bu bt8ta llis wifebore, gave birth to, a son Dzl.; bu btAd-baifabs mi tub they could nol bring forth Dzl. j

btsdsfa what is bc~ottRn, new-born child­ren or animals Do.; bud-zug lans pains oflabour ensued &h. - 2. resp. 10 watCh,look on, spy, sp'Jdn-gyi& C3.

'lta.:~· bud-ma fruit &h. 2. _ btsa &/1.

.qtm· btAag,~, redochre.Med.andu~.;

'1 u~d also of earths of a different col·our; btAag-fdn., bt/;ag-ri, btsag-lU'i plmn,hill, valier, of red enrth; btsag-!J1l(J someother oflicinal minernl Moo..q3l:ff.:.j· bl$Jg-pa v "fwg-pa.

'ltm'~ btsdg - '1710 a certnin beverage, ='1 rudb-tm:l.

.qtt::·,::r b~dli-ba prob. - "tsuJi-ba.

'l3c:::F btsdli-po title of sovereigns Glr.,alledged to be but Khams-dialect

for btsdn-po..qt~· btsan 1. (J species of demons, resid-

ing in the air, on high rocks etc.,mischievous, Glr.,])om. - 2. v. the follow­ing article.'lt~·(~) bt/;dn(-po) strong, mighty, power·

ful, of kings, ministers etc., esp.as title of honour: high·potent, Dzl., Glr.;hence of family, race, descent: illustrious,noble, lhd-mo btsdn·ma~ the queens ofhigh descent, in opp. to a third of low ex­traction Glr.; btAon-(=i,i) jJyug(-po) nobleand rich Dzl., Mil ; strong, violent, buan·dug a virulent poison D=l.; forcible, violent,btAan-J;rdgs byed-pu to commit II robberyconnected with violence Pth.; btsan-tabs·s«by violent means Pth.; coercive, strict, s&­vere_ bka, l..'riWJ Glr., btAdn-poJ" mazdd-porigorously to enforce (n law); firm, staunch,immovable, not wavering, iiag-btsdn stead­fastly a~idjng by one's word..&h.; firm, safe,

435

sure, dben-ynds Mil. a safe, inaccessible re-

treat; nl;ni, htmm a firm stronghold Lex.;= concealed, hidden, hence btxun-kaii the

innermost dark room in a temple, in which

the ide, or an .apartment for the

>;imr [nirpiise on the top of a house; de-

finite, decided, without uncertainty, sa/is-rgyds-

ktfi bstdn-pa mi nub-tin mfa btsdn-par byed-

pai pyir in order that the doctrine of Bud-

dha by being accurately defined may be

secured against subversion Pth.

btsdb-pa imp. btsob, to cut small, to

chop, wood ;to hash, to mince, meat

.; bstab-stdn chopping-block C.

J* btsdm(s)-pa for fsdm-pa, v. fo.

btsdl-ba v. fsol-ba.

J* btsds-pa v. btsd-ba.

r btsds-ma 1. also rtsds-ma harvest,

btsds-ma rna-ba to reap, to mowC. and Lex., btsds-ma ran tsa-na in harvest

time Mil. 2. wages, pay, gru-btsds Lex.,

fare, passage-money; la-btsds Lex., la-can-

gyi btsas?

*

btsir-ba v. Ofsir-ba.

q* btsug(i)-pa v. Odzugs-pa.

'CJ" btsud-pa v. Odzud-pa, Ofsud-pa.

btsun-pa 1. respectable, noble, of

race, family, rigs ce-zin btsun-paid. DzL; btsun-pai bud-med Dzl. a lady of

rank. 2. reverend, as title of ecclesiastics,

btsun-pa -rnams the ecclesiastics, priests

Glr.,= ban-dhe and s&. ^TnT ( ^Haf- Transl.

p. 4, note 7) ;even btsun - pa Krims - me'd

wicked Reverends Ma. - - 3. creditable,

honourable, faithful in observing religious

duties, so frq. : mKas btsun bzan ysum v.

mKas-pa\ fsig-btsun-pa grave and virtuous

discourse Schr., Sch.: poh'te words (?), fsig

mi btsun-pa Tlvgy. was explained to me:

one whom nobody believes; applied to things :

good; thus Mil. says of his cane: spa co-

ris ye-nas btsun-pa de this cane of quite an

excellent quality. bteitn-po=

btsun-pa 1.,

-Tjt btsun -po the noble emperor of

China Glr.\ as a title v. myuti; btxun-por

bytd -pa Cs. to reverence. - - btsun - ma

priestess Cs. btsun-mo 1. woman of rank,

a lady; also as a term of address: your lady-

ship, e.g. in a legend, when a merchant

speaks to the wife of a judge DzL; spouse,

consort, esp. queen consort, with and with-

out rgydl-poi, frq.; btsun-mo &-ba (Sen-

ma the principal wife;btsun-mo-can having

a wife, btsun-mo-m6d not having a wife Cs.

- 2. nun, mo-bfsun, id. Glr., C.

^T btsum-pa v. Odzum-pa.

CJ' btse-ba v.

"J" btsem-pa v. fsem-pa.

btso, purification, refining (?) *ser-la too

tah-wa* C. to refine gold (which term

eventually is the same as 'to boil') v. Otiod-

pa; btso-ma, btsds-ma a purified substance,

yser btso^ma, purified gold, very frq. with

regard to a bright yellow colour Glr.

btsd-ba v. Ofs6d-pa\ btso-blag-pa to

dye, to colour, btso-bldg-mkan a dyer,

Lex.

btsd-ma 1. = ytsd-ma. 2. v. btso.

j'CJ' btsdg-pa I. vb. v. Ofsog-pa.

II. adj., also (b}rtsog(s}-pa, W. *&6g-po*

1. unclean, dirty, nasty, vile, Odi-ni sin-tu

rtsog-pai sa yin this is a very vile place,

says the prince of hades to a saint visiting

there; so also every Tibetan will say to a

stranger entering his house; na btsog-ciii

when I am getting unclean, i.e. when I amconfined Dzl.; lus btsog-pa mnyam-pa Odi

this vile stinking body Dzl. 2. in W. the

common word for bad in every respect, use-

less, spoiled, troublesome, perilous (e.g. of a

road); injurious; also in amore relative sense,

inferior, poor, of goods; btsog-ndg tobacco-

juice, oil from the tobacco-pipe.

btsoii onion Med. and vulgo, eschewed

by pious Buddhists and ascetics, but

a favourite food of the bulk of the people ;

btson sreg-pa to roast onions.

lure, dbn,.}'n(;' MI1. a sltfe, inllCcessible rc­lrel\l; t'(l;;Q,; bt~an K firm ~tl-ollgllOld Lu.;"'" eoneenled, hidden, hellce btl"Tl-Ila,i tileinnermost dltrk room in A. temple, in whichtbe gOlls re~ide, or ltn .npl\Ttmcnt for t11CSltl1ll.' purpose on thc top of a house; Ill.'·finite,lIeeillell, without uncertainty"wiN'9,YU'­kyi widll-pa 1/Ii nub-tilt lII(a bt,dn-par b!Jbl.pai iyir in order t1mt the doctrine of Bud­dh" by brinK lIceunltely defined may besecured ngninst subversion Pth.~\(,:::r'J- b~b-pG imp. bWJb, to cui small, to

chop, wood; to hash, to mince, meatC.; wta~tdn chopping-block C.

~\(~(~Y'J- btIJdm(.}-pa for o{,dllJ-pa, V. (0.

q\(r-r~' bndl-k v. l,dl.JJa.

.::::l\(~r.:.j· bnd8'pa \'. b~-ba.

~\(~~- b/$ti$-ma I. 1I.lso rntb-ma harvest,bu,u-ma rna.JJa to reap, 10 mow

(,: ftnd Lu., bUtb-ma ran tIIa-na in hnrvesttime Mil.- 2. wages, pay, grtHJnd8 Lu.,fare, pn~!tge-money; la-lJnd' Lt~., la·~an­

flYi bU4&1~.

.::::l,yt;.,-.:::r buir-ba v. ofJir-ba.

'lQ"I(~)"'r '",g(.)... ". •d,'fJ'....

qQ"",..q buUd-PIJ v. orL.""ifd--pa,l,ud-pa.

.::::lQ"~·:f btaun- pa 1. respectable, noble, ofmel', fnmily, rifP c~;;j,j bfrun-pa

id. D=l.; bnull-pai /.nd·mld D::l. :\ lady ofrank. - 2. reverend, ns ti~le of ecclesiastics,bt.fun-pa-rnama the ecclesiastics, priestsGlr., _ Uall-dlle and &k. ~(Tar. TI'lUlsl.p. 4, note 7); even btaun - pa /..~·inu -1I1Uwicked H.e\·erends Ma. - 3. creditable,honourable, faithful ill observing religiouslIuties, so frq.: mfa, bUlln bzalj f$um v.lIlRa8-pG; (sig-lJuun-pa gflwe and \'irtuousdiscourse Sellr., Sell.: polite words (P), ($;gmi bt:lun_pa l'''UY' was eJ[plaincd to me:one whom nolJod)' belines ;upplied to things:good; thus .Mil. says of his cane: $pa co­n, yt-mu bt:lun.-pa de this ctLDe of quite anexcellent qualitJ. _. bklin-po _ bt.fullp 1.,

rgya - rji buim - po the noble emperor ofChinn Glr.; as a title Y. "'.YIU'i bf8U~byid - pa G. to rn-erenee. _ bUlm _'lftaprie~te8s Ci. - bttlm-'ffl() I. womll.n of rank,a lady; also III a term of address: your lad)'­sllill, e.g. in a legend, ,"hcn a merth.lItspcab to the wife of a judge Dzl.; spouse,consort, esp. queen conlort, '¥I·ith md with­out rgydl.poi, frq.; buun-mo 'ld-l!a _ len­ma the principal wife; bnuII..mNali haringIf, wife, buun~d not luwing a wife Ca.- 2. nun, mo-btnin, id. Glr., G:

.qQ"~''J' buum-pa Y. "d..--um-pa.

.q~.::r bUi-k v. o{U-ba.

~

~~:f bUim-pa v. {atm-pa.

~"t buo, purification, refining (p) -ur-la 00

tati-tea" C. to refine gold (which termeventually is the same as 'to boil') v. _tsod,.PIJ; bud-lIIa, bt.fds-ma a purified substAnce,rur btIJ6-'ma, purified gold, very frq. withregnrd to :to bright yellow coloW' Gir..q't.q. bt.fd-fu v. ,,{mJ-pa; bt:lo-lJlag-pa 10

dye, 10 colour, bUo-!Jl4g"'"lJlan a dyer,u...q't~. bud""'a I. - rtld-ma. - 2. v. boo.

.q~''J' bndg-pa I. vb. \', ,,{MJg-pa.

II. adj., also (b)rt3dg(')-pa, lV. -8&[rpo-1. unclean, dirty, nasty, vile, "di_lII' ;(n-t"rtMJg-paj 'a yin this is a "ery vile plfICC,says the prince of hades to a suint visitingthere; so also every TibetAn will say lo astranger entering bis house; ,ia bt"og-Ciliwhell I um getting unclcan, i.e, when I lUll

confined Dzl.; lIU btl<>g-pa '1IIIyam-pa "dithis vile stinking body D::l. - 2. in IV. thecommon word for bad in every respect, use·less, spoiled, troublesome, periloll1 (e.g. of aroad); injurious; also inlf,more reIAti,·e sense,inferior, poor, of goods; blIog-lUig tobacco­juice, oil from the tobllcco-pipe.~~: bUon onion Mtd.. !lnd \'ulgo, e9C.hewed

b)' pious Buddhists ADd lUC(!tiCll, butn uwoW'ite food of the bulk of the people;btaoli ,nQ-pa to 1'0ll5t onions.

436

btsdn-ba rtsa

bfson-ba v. Ofson-ba.

-' btsod n. of an animal, = ytsod, q v.

2. n. of a plant, madder ^rf^ST? (Ru~

bia Manjit}', btsod- bru seeds of this plant,

btsod-zin field on which it is grown.

K$&")tson

) a^so btsdn-pa, a captive, prisoner,'

nyes-pa byds-pai btson zig an impris-

oned criminal Dzl.;btson -du Odzin-pa to

take prisoner Dzl.\ jug-pa to put to prison;

btson-nas Odon-pa to set free, t'dr-ba to be

released; bzdn-btson undeserved imprison-ment or detention (ni f.), e.g. of hostages,

fig. of people that are snowed up Mil -

btson-Kan, btson-ra prison. btson-don 1.

dungeon, keep; Mil.: ynds-skabs-kyi btson-

don the dungeon of life. 2. W. deep abyss,

gulf, *tson-don fon-na mi mdn-poi go Kor*

many are getting dizzy, when looking into

a deep abyss. btson -rdzi, btson - sruii

jailer, turnkey. btson-rdzas prison-fare.

btsol-ba\. Qfsol-ba.

sf- rtsa I. sbst., more col. rtsd-ba (W. *sd-

wa*) or rtsd-bo S.g. 5, 1. vein, rtsa ytod-

pa to open a vein Dzl., *sd-wa gydb-ce* W.

id. Owing to the imperfect state of Indian

and Tibetan anatomy , resulting from in-

veterate prejudices both of a religious and

intellectual nature, great confusion prevailsalso in the department of angiology, manydifferent vessels of the human body, and

even part of the nerves being classed amongthe veins, so that it is impossible to find

adequate terms for the Tibetan nomencla-

ture. This applies e.g. to the division of the

rtsa in cdgs-pai, srid-pai, Jbrel-pai, and fsei

or srog-gi rtsa, which last term does not

correspond to what we understand by artery

(Cs.); so it is also with respect to the three

principal veins, which by a mystic theory are

stated to proceed from the heart, dbu-ma the

middle one, white, rkydn-ma the left one,

red, and ro-ma the right one, white, con-

cerning which cf. the articles ftum-mo and

fig-le ; rtsa-dkdr, also rlun-rtsa Med., are perh.in most cases the same as artery, ace. to

the well-known supposition of the ancients,

that the veins of dead men, appearing empty,contain air; par-rtsa id., as in the living

body it pulsates ;rtsa - nag or ttrdg

-rtsa.,

vein, blood-vessel; rtsa-sbubs is mentioned

Lit. 147, 10, as a surgical instrument. Somenames are more or less clear: mig-rtsaseems to be the Venafac.ext., rtsa-cun Vena

jugul.ext., rtsa-cen or rfsa-bo-ce^ . saphena

magna, po-mfsan-ghi dbus-rtsa V. dorsalis

penis, rgyu-grog-rtsa, on the other hand,are the ureters, ni f., which are representedas proceeding from the small intestine.

rtsa-rgyus Med. 1 . Sch. : 'veins and sinews'

(?); rtsa-rgyus- gag an obstruction of the

veins S.g. 2. title of a book: Directions howto feel the pulse. rtsa-cus, C. rtsa- dus

cramp. rtsa-mdud an inturgescence of the

veins. rtsa-ynds Mil. seems to be a net

of veins, vascular plexus, any connection

of things that may be compared to it, as

e.g. the causal connection of the 12 Nida-

nas (v. rten- brel sub rten-pa comp.)-

rtsa-spun tissue of veins Sch. 2. pulse,

so in rtsa ltd-ba, or rtog-pa Med. to feel

one's pulse, and mfson-, kan-, or cag-rtsa

the feeling one s pulse with the second,

third or fourth finger.

II. sbst,for rtsd-ba.

III. particle in conjunction with nume-

rals: 1. gen. connecting the tens with the

units, equivalent to and: nyi-su-rtsa-ycig

twenty and one; lessf'rq.

after brgya and

ston, where also dan-rtsa is not unusual,

yet examples as the following : S g., fol. 5,

where the sum of 62, 33, 95 and 112 is

stated to be = sum-brgya-rtsa-ynyis, and

Pth. p. 34, twice Ina-brgyd-rtsa ycig= ston-

dan-rtsa-ynyis, exclude any doubt as to

the proper use of the word. 2. inst. of

nyi-su-rtsa-ycig to nyi-su-rtsa-dgu, rtsa-ycig

etc. is also used by itself, as an abbreviation,

e.g. S.g. p. 3, in describing the growth of

an embryo from week to week; this use

of the word may account for the assump-

tion, quite general in W. and C., that rtsa

in itself is equivalent to 20, for even Lamasof both districts could be convinced only

by an arithmetical proof, that the numbers

436

~~'::r btsdiv-ba v. o(sd~a.::-.1': < , • • ,

.q~. btwd n. of an Rm,mal, - resod, q v.-~ 1 2. n. of a plant, ;i.adder 1l'f¥ln, (Ru­

bia lJanjit); btsod./:,ru seeds of this plant,otaod-Zili .field on which it is grown.... . ,'.q~. btson,also bMn-pa, ~ ~aptiYe, pr\soner,.".. n!l#-pa ~!JcU-p~i Ot8on zig an impris·one~ c!1f1li,oal Dzl.; bts6n·du odz(n-pa to,take prisoner Dzl. j J,&/rpa to put to prison;bts6n-1U.I$ 9ddn-p,a to set, fr~e, (dr~a to bereleased; bzM·bt&m undeserved imprison­ment or detention (oi f.), €.g. of hostages,fig. of people that are snowed up Mil ­btsdn-J.'mi, bW)1l.J'a prison. - b/86n-®n l.dungeon, keep,;,..ft(il:: rn?-8J;a~kt.fl b~.

don the dungeon of life. -'2. W. deep abyss,gulf, ·t3dn-doil t<:M-na mi mfi,i-poi go !lor·many are getting diuy, when looking intoa deep abyss. - blfdn - rdzi, btwn - srUlIjailer, tumkey. - ot86n-rdzas prison-fnre.

q~..::r oudl-ba ·v. o(wl-ba.

.go rr.a J. sbst" more col. md-ba (IV. -$d-wa~ or rt3d-bo S.g..5, 1. vein, rt3a rMd­

!Xl to open a veiu Dzl., --'li-wa 9ydb-u· 1¥.Jd. Qwiug to !he imperfect s~te of hdianand Tibetan anatomy, resulting from'in­veterate prejudices both. of a religious and,iptelleetu~i ~t~~~ gr~~t con.fusion pre,'ails

.,als,o in t~e department of angiology, manydifferent vessels of the humnu body, aud

,,~ven p~rt of the neryes bei~ classed amongth~ veins, so that it is impossible to find

,,~dequate, ~rms for the Tibetan n,omeDcla­~ure. ,This applies e.~. to ~e divi~ion of the

. rtsa !lI?dg&-pai, fri4,p~l~ obrl{-pai, and (sJi

,9r ~rQg-gi rn!; which last term does notcorrespond to what 't:e understand by nrter)'<9$.); &0 it is also with respect to the threeprincipal veins, which by a mystic,tbeor)' arestated to proceed from the beart,dM.mathemiddle one, white, rkyd,i.ma the left one,roo, and rd-ma tbe ri~ht one, white, con­c'erning which cf. the ~mcles rtiim-11W aud(ig-k; rt3a-dkdr, alsorluri-rtsa Med" 1U'1l perh.in most. cases the same' as artery, ace. tothe well-kno~'D suppositioD o( the ancients,

~~t the ,'eins of dead men, appearing empty,contain air; Jiar--rt$a id., us in the li,-ingbody it pulsates; rtsa· ~dg or lirdg-,'tsa,'1ein, blood-vessel; rf8~dJiibs is m<.>ntionedLt, 147, 10, as asurgical instrument. Some~ames are more or less clear: mig _rnaseems to be the Venafac. (,;1:1., rna--Cziti Yenajug'ui.6:t.., rUa~cht or rtsa·bo-Ci V. suphl'namagna, p'o-m(sall-gfti dbus-rtsa V. dorsalispenis. rgyu.grog-1'tsu, ou the other huud,are the ureters1 ni f" which lue representedlIS proceeding from the small intestine. ­rt8a-1"g~ Med. I, Scn'.: 'veins and sinews'(?)j ,-ua-rg~-o!lag an obstructiou o( theveins S_g. 2. title of a hook: Directions ·"owto feel the pulse. - rtsa-Cia, C. rua-odlUcramp. - rt8a-mdud a.n inturgescenee 'of theveins. - rf8a-rnlU Mil. seemS to be a netof veins, vascular plexus, any connectionof thiuf¥ that may be compared to it, ase.g. the eausal connection of the 12 Nidll­nail (v, rten'irel sub rtin - pa comp.) ­rt8rwpiin tissue of veins Sell. - 2, pulse,so iu rt3a ltd-ba, or rtIJg-pa Med. to feelone's pulse, und m(son-, kan-, or ~ag-rf:8a

the feeling one's pulse with the serond,third or fourth -fiuger.

II. sbst, for rtsd-ba.JIl particle in conjuuction with nume­

rals: 1. gen. connecting the tens with' theunits, equivalent to and: Tlyi-Su-rtsa-rCigtwenty aDd one; less frq. after Inyya and:toli, where also dwi-rtsa is not uuusual,yet e:s:amples as the following: S g., fuI. 5,where the sum of 62, 33, 95 and 112 isstated to be - sum-brgya.rt8a-}"flYis, andill. p. 34, twice /Jia-brgyd-rf8a rCifJ - :ton­lla,i-rt:a-yn!ji:, - eic1ude any doubt as tothe proper use of the word. - 2. inst. ofnyi.jU..rf:8a-rau to nyi-?;u_rt8a-dgu, rt8a-rHfJetc. is also used by itself, as an allbreviation,e.g. S.g_ p. 3, in describing'the growth of

"an embryo from week to 'week; this useo( the word may account. for the assump­tion, quite general iu JV. and C., that rlsa

'in itself is equivalent to 20J for even LamttsI of bot~ districts couiJ be convinced Dulyby an arithmetical proof, t.bat the numllers-

437

rtsd-ba

in the above |>a--:iges were 302

KK)2, and not 322 ami 1022. - 3. In

f>c ti-rtsa nyi-tru-rtsa, brayd-rtsa, without anyunits following, e.g Tar. 120, 10, the word

evidently stands but pleonastically ,like

f<nn-pa.-- ftxiru (/>/., Pur. rtswa, stswa) C. *fea*,

A//., Ld., *sa*, f^uf, grass, herb, plant,

rtsa-kdi (or rtsa-rtsei) zil-pa the dew on

the grass Glr.;rtsa nyay ybig a single blade

of grass C&.; sn6-yi rtsa, rtsa-sndn green

grass; rtsa-skdm, and often rfea alone, hay,

rfea rnd-ba to mow grass, Ofu-ba, to gather

(grass) ;rtsd-Ka C., W. pasture, pasturage,

*sd-/>'a gydl-la* W. good pasturage. rtsd-

can covered with grass, grassy. rtsa-

w&><7 Kusha-grass Lex., v. ku-sa', rtsa-mcoy

(-gran) town in West Assam, where Bud-

dha died Glr.; Kainarupa. rtsa-fdg grass-

rope Dzl. rfsa-fun grass-gatherer Sch.

-rtsa-yddn grass-mat Sch. rtsa-yydb

manger Sch. rtsa-ras Sch. 'linen', prop,

the same as la-ta q. v. 2. euphemismfor rkyay, *tsa tdn-wa* C. to go to stool;

rtsa cu bsdams Mil. he suffers from ob-

struction and strangury.

3jr'<3' rtsd-ba, 1. cf. rtsan and rtsad, Ssk.

*T*f. 1 . root ( W. com. *bd-fag* for it),

Stalk oT fruits; rtsd-ba Ina five (medicinal)

roots, viz. rd-mnye, Icd-ba, nye-sin, a-so

(better a-sa)-gandha, yze-ma; rtsd-ba-nas

Obyin-pa etc. to pull out with the root, to

eradicate, extirpate, mostly fig., v. below.- 2. the lower end of a stick, trunk of a

tree, pillar; md-fog rtsd-ba id. Mil.] the

foot of a hill, mountain-pass, the latter also

Id -rtsa W. *ldr-sa*; rtsd-bai zal, lag the

lower faces or hands of those images, that

represent deities with many faces and hands

Glr.; rtsd-bai nos base of a triangle Tar. 204,

1 : fundament, foundation-pillar, and the like;

in later literature and vulgo rtsd-bar and

rfea/1

, rarely (Glr.) rtsd-ru postp. with genit.,

to, at, e.g. to go to, to come to, to be at, both

of persons and things, bud-med-kyi rtsar

nydl-ba or more euphem., pyin-pa to go to

a woman Glr., sin-gi rtsar, even cui rtsar

Glr.; at, near, to, a tree, river etc.; so also

rtsd-la to, at; rt8d(-ba)~na Glr. and vulgo

(incorr.) 'tod-//.-' <'. at near; without a case

following: rtsar byuit-nus coming near, step-

ping up toG/r. 3. root fig. origin, primary

cause, also yzi-rtoa, e.g. Kor-bai yzi-rta

fcod-pa Mil. to cut off the root of trans-

migration, to deliver a soul from tr.; rtsd-

ba-nas Obyin-pa, Od6n-pa, ^dg-pa etc., also

fs(i/i-nast, tsdd-nas ycdd-pa etc, to exter-

minate (root and branch), to annihilate; on

the other hand: rtsa-brddr-ycod-pa Mil.,

rtsdd-ybod-pa to examine closely, to in-

vestigate thoroughly. nyon - mdris -kyi

rtsd-ba fsum are the three primary moral

evils, viz. Odod-cdgs, ze-sddii, yti-mug; rtsa-

brdl therefore might signify: he who has

freed himself from them; but it seems to

mean also : without beginning or end, un-

limited, e.g. snyin-rje Glr., sems nyid Mil. ;

dge-bai rtsd-ba, dge-rtsa a virtuous deed,

as a cause of future reward, skyed-pa, spyod-

pa, byed-pa to perform such a deed; rtsd-

bai ... the original, primary, principal . . .,

e.g. don, primitive or first meaning 6. ;

rtsd-bai nyon-moits-pa Cs.: 'original sin',

Sch. : 'sin inherited from former births'; at

all events not identical with the original

sin of Christian dogmatics, although the

word grammatically might denote it; rtsa

(-bai) rgyud an introductory treatise, giv-

ing a summary of the contents of a larger

work, e.g. of the ryyud-bzi, mentioned sub

brgyud; also title of other works, Ssk.j*fri*f,

v. Cs. Gram., chronol. table; whether Sch. s

translation 'cause and effect' is altogether

correct, may admit of some doubt, yet v.

below; rtsd-ba dan(grel-ba Cs. 'text and

commentary1

;in rtsd-bai ma Thgy. the ge-

nitive case stands prob. for the apposition:

the mother that is the root of me, in a

similar manner as rtsd-bai ran-bzin nature

Cs.; rtsd-bai bld-ma seems to denote the

teaching priest, the one by whom in any

particular case the instruction is given, opp.

to brgyud-pa, he to whom it is imparted.

A good deal of confusion however prevailsO l

here, owing to the ambiguity of the verbal

form in brgyitd-pa and the variable spelling;

mentioned in the above fll\SSliges were 30"2lind ]002, And not 322 And 1022. - 3. InMu.rt,a nyi-iu..rtaa., brf/!Jd.,.t"a, without lillyunits following, e.g 'J'ar. 120, 10, the worde"idcntly stAnds but pleouasticl\lly, likefam_pa.~ rt'lru (/Jal., I'ur. "!-SICa, '!-SIca) C. ·tsa°,.. Lh., IA., °sao, "lit, grass, herb, plant,

,·t,u·I!/,i (or '·lIa.ttui) zil.pa the dew 011

tile gr/lss Glr.; tlla nyag reifln single bladeof grl\~S [11.; ,nQ.!Ji tlla, tf,a·"io-lI greengrllSs; tf,a..,.(;dm, anti ollen rua nloue, hay,rua ,.nd.va to mow grass, ofit-lJa, to gather(grllss); rtsd-fa C., JV. pasture, pasturage,·,d·,('a !l!Idl.la· W. good pasturage. - ,.tsd­Ca/I eO\'eM with j:l"rnss, grassy. - rtsa­",COg Kusha-grn~s I~.x., v. A..u.Ja; rua-m'&!1(-grori) town in West Assltm, wuere Bud·dha died Glt.; RUlIlnrlirn. - rtsa.fdg grliss­rope D;;I. - rLta-fun 'gnlss-gntherer &If.- Tlta-rddn grn~s-mat Seh. - rtsa-rydbmanger &h. - rLta-rru Beh. 'linen', pro!'.the s:,me l\S la-ta q. v. - 2. euphemismfor rl.,!}"!I; ·ua td,i-lCa· C. to go to stool;1'tsa Cu bsdarru .Mil. be suffers from olt­struction and strnngury.g-.::I' rLtd.ba, l. d. rua,j and mad, SU:.

q, J. root (W. com. ·bd-(a!t for it),'statk otfruits; rt"d-ba lila five (medicinal)roots, ,·ill. rd.mn~, ICd-ba, nye-ii,i, a.Jo(beller a.Ja)-gandliU, rze. ma; TM-ba-llcu.byin-pa etc, to pull out with the root, toeradicate, extir!lute, mostly fig., v. below.....:. 2. the lower end of n. stick, trunk of II.

tree, pillar; mli-fog rLtd- ba id. Mil.; thefoot of a hill, mountain-pass, tile Intter alsola-tt,a W. ·ldr-,a·; Tt"d-bui hi, lag thelower faces or hunds of those images, thlllrepresent deities with many fnces nnil handsGi...;Tl4d-bai fiN ltnse of a triangle Tar.204,1; fundament, foundation-pillar, nnd the like;ill Inler literature wd ,'Ulgo rl4d-bat andrtsar, rllrely (Glt.)Tlsd-ru post!l. with genit.,10, at, e.g. to go to., to come to, to be at, lIothof persons lIud thinlr-', bud-mld-kyi TtlarlllJdl-ba or more eupbem., pyill-pa to go tofI, woman Gt... , U,i-gi TlIar, even Cui rtJarGlr.; at, near, to, n tree, rivel'~i Ii1. o.ls~

437

rud-Ia ·to,~at; Ttad(-ba}-1la Gir. and .,ulgo(incorr.) ·tld~·C. It, near; without a easefollowing: Toar by(ui-,w. coming ncat, I~P­ping up toGlr. - 3. root fig. origin, primarycause, also fzi-rua, c g. .J.'or-hai }:i-rtlafrod-pa Alii. to cut ofT tht! root of tranlJ­migrntion, to dcliver lL lOul from tt.; rt$d­ba..,la, oln.Jfn-pa, .dt!m-pa, ofIdg-pa etc., nlsoMJi-na., tsdd-fl£U rMd.-pa etc, to exter­minate (root and urttDcb), to annihilate; onthe other hand: ru,a-brddr-rtod.pa Mil.,TLtdd-rCod-pa to examine c1osel)', to ill­,<estigatc thoroughly. - IlYon - md,;, - kyirt,d-ba T"WI are the three primary mom!evils, ,'ill. odod-ldfl', :-U;,i, rti--mUf/; rtsa­brdl therefore mi~ht signify: he who-hasfreed himself from them; uut it seems tomean a.lso: without be~Dning or end, un·limited, e.g. myi,j. rje GII'., ~ "yid Mil.;dfle-bai rt,d-ba, d!le-rt3a a virtuous dCild,as a cause of future rewllrd, 3klJid·po, apydd­pa, byM-pa to perform sudl a deed; rud­bai ... the original, primary, principal ... ,e.g. don, primitive or first meauing Ci.;rt5d-bai ll,yoll.",o->i.-pa [it.: 'originlll sin',&11.: 'sin inherited frow form~r births'; atnil events not idcnticnl with the originalsin of Ghristilln dogmlltics, although theword grllmmnticnlly migbt denote it; ttla(.bai) rgywl lin introductory treatise, gi.,.ing n summa.ry of the contents of II. llU"gerwork, e.g. of the rY!lud-b1:i, mentioned subbrggud; also litleofotherworks,&k 1p!~'v. u. Gr(lm., chronol. table; wbether Sen.'tnulslation 'cause lind effect' is altogethercorrect, mn)' IIdmit of some doubt, )'et Y.

below; TtId-ba da,; d,,·el.ba u. 'text andeommentnr)"; in rtld-bai JIIa Thgy. the ge­nitive case stlmds prob. for the app08itWlu:the mother tbat is thc root of mc, in asimilllr mnoncr 1J.S I't,d-bai rali-bzitl natuteC,.; rl$d· bai Ud-1tw seems to dcnote theteAChing priest, the one by whom in IInyparticular C/lSe tIle instruction is giVCll, apr.to Ur!l!llid"fXJ, he to whom it is imparted.A good deal of confll!Jion !lo,...cvcr prevailshere, owing to thc amuiguitJ of the "crbalf0"Fie brgyid.pa and the "ariable spelling;

438

rtsd-la rtsi

v. rgyud-pa extr. rtsa-for Sch. : 'lower

end and top' (?) (should perh. be rtsa-fog};

rtsa-mi Tar. 191, 3 is rendered by Schf.

with 'Haupt-Mann', principal man. rtsa-

Idg (Schr.: root and branches) Lex. ^tf

relations, kindred; rtsa-lag-can having re-

lations, rtsa-lag-med without relations Cs.

rtsa-ses Sch.: primitive wisdom. 4.

symb. num.: 9. II. v. rtsa vein.

Note, rtsa, vein, is traced by Tibetan

scholars back to rtsd-ba, the veins beingthe 'roots of life'

;in a dictionary the words

are better treated separately.

j" rtsd-la v. rtsd-ba I, 2.

"

rtsan = rtsd-ba seldom, v. rtsd-ba I, 3.

rtsdns-pa lizard, brag-gi Lt. (W.

*gag-cig*}.- rtsad rtsd-ba root, rtsdd-nas ycod-paMil. to root out, to eradicate; rtsad

ycod-pa, = rtsa-brddr ycod-pa,= fsar and

ysar ycod-pa, to search, investigate Mil.;

gar bzugs rtsad bcdd-nas to inquire, search

for a person's place of abode Pth.

'H' 3fn*,3ffl" ffeab) rtsab-rtsab v. tsab-

tsub.

rtsabs ferment, barm, yeast, preparedof barley-flour; rtsabs-fcur a sweetish

sort of bread, made up with it Ld.;rtsdbs-

mo a beverage brewed from roasted meal

(rtsdm-pa) and water, and made to ferment

by adding butter-milk, esp. liked in winter;also called btsdg-mo; zo-rtsabs Sch. milk-

brandy, not known to us.

>" rtsabs-ru-fsaLt.n.of a medicine.

rtsdm-pa, I. sbst. 1 . roast-flour, flour

from roasted grain, Obras-rtsam of

rice, gro^tsam of wheat, nas-rtsam of barley,this last the most common; stirred with

water, beer, or tea into a pap, it is the

usual food in C. rtsdm-Jb*u roast-flour

and grain = victuals in gen. Kun. rtsdm-

rin the price of flour Sch. 2. urine Lt.

rtsam-mdog colour of urine.

II. vb. v. rtsdm-pa.

rtsar v. rtsd-ba I, 2.

. rtsal 1. skill, dexterity, adroitness, ac-

complishment; in the first place physical

skill, lag -rtsal- can of a skilful, practisedhand W.

; sgyu-rtsdl id., stobs dan sgyu-rtsdl

strength and dexterity Glr., skilfulness;

rtsal(dar'i) lddn(-pa~) skilful, expert, adroit,

rtsal-med the contrary; rtsal ^gran-pa to

vie in skill, rtsal sbyon-ba to practise, or

improve one's self in skill Mil.;rtsal sor

all skill is gone, rgud id. Sch. ; stobs-(kyi)

rtsal, Lex. TT^TlfT? strength, energy, mfu-

rtsdl and rtsal -mfu prob. id. Dzl., $.</.;

rtsal-ce-ba or rtsal-po-ce adroit as a gym-nastic, wrestler etc.; also sbst. athlete, jugg-ler etc. Dzl.

; rtsdl-gyi mcons a gymnasticfeat Lex.', rtsal-sbyon bodily exercise, nim-

bleness, agility, bdn-rtsal-sbyon nimbleness

in running, ysog-rtsal-sbyoh agility in flying

Mil.', cu-rtsdl feats performed in the water;

the art of swimming Pth.; vulgo W. also

for natural, innate abilities : mig-rtsal-mUan

keen-sighted, mig- rtsal nyams of a weak

sight; rtsal-fon Sch 'skilful, masterly' (?)- 2. in later times used in a special sense

of skill, expertness in contemplation, cf. sgdm-

pa; so frq. with Mil.; bya/i-cub-sems-kyi

rtsal ysum; lam-^gag-med-kyi rtsdl-Ka such

accomplishments 'as will clear the road',-

ascetical terms familiar only to the initiated.

&J" rtsds-ma v. btsds-ma.

sr- rtsi 1. all fluids of a somewhat greater

consistency, such as the juice of some

fruits, paints, varnish etc., rtsi- can viscid,

sticky, clammy; *tsi gydg-pa* C., *sigydb-ce,

ku-ce, tdn-ce* W. to colour, to paint, *tsi

tdn-wa* C. also to solder; ldab-pa(?) Sch.

to lacker, to varnish; sbrdn-rtsi honey; ndd-

kyi rkyen rfsi a medical draught, potionDzl. YL, 7, (another reading: smari); bdud-

rtsi nectar; tson-rtsi painter's colour, dkdr-

rtsi white-wash, ndg-rtsi black paint, dmdr-rtsi red paint; *ser-tsi* C. gilding, *nul-tsi*

silvering C. 2. applied to external ap-

pearance: *don-si* W. complexion; even spartsi J}am Ka-dog legs-pa de this cane, as

to its outside smooth, as to colour beauti-

ful Mil. (unless rtsi be = shell, bark, rind?)

.

v. r9}jUiJ..pa extr. - rtsa-f6r $ch.: 'lowerend and top' (?) (should Iwh. be 1't8a.fog);rtla-mi Tar. 191, 3 is rendered uy Schfwith 'Haupt.Mann', principal man. -rtiia­Mfl (Schr.: loot and brunches) Ltx. "f~

relations, kindred; rtsa-Wfj-<an bnving ..;lations, rfsa-lag-med without remtions (.I.

- 1·t8a.sh &h.: Jlrimitive wisdom. - 4.6ymL. num.; 9. - 11 v. rtsa vein.

Note. rtsa, vein, is traced by Tibettlnscholars back to rtsd-ba, the veins beingthe 'roots of life'; in a dictionary the word,;are better treated separately.

g'Clf ~-la v. rtiid.oo I, 2.

~' mali.- "/8a-OO seldom, \".1"tiid-ba I, 3.

g~~"tr rtiidtis.pa lizard, brag-!Ji fA. (1V."gag-8ft)·

g:::; rtsad "" rM-ba root, rtsdd-= rctJd..paMil. to root out, to eradicate; rftad

rOOd-pa, = 1'Ua-/)nldl' rMd.pa, _ 6ar andrsar rCdd-pa, to senreh, investigate Mil.;flar b~gs rtaad bMd-nas to inquire, searchfor a person's plucc of abode i'tl,.

g.=:r.:r, g:::rgq' :::;,~, rtsab-4'tsab v. tsab-

gq~' rtsoo, fermen4 barm, yeast, preparedof barley-flolll; rtsabs-J..'ur a sweetish

sort of bread, made up with it Ld.; mdbt­1/10 a. beveruge brewed from roasted meal(rndm-pa) and water, and made t.o fcrmentby adding butter.milk, esp. liked in winter;also called btldg..",IO; M-rttabs Se1l. milk­brandy, not known to us.

gq~~''';' rtsabs~(taLt. n.of a medicine.

g~'tl' rl$dm-pa, I. sbst. 1. roast·f1our, Oourfrom roasted grain, obrat.-rl$am of

nce,gro-rtsam of whent, nat·/,tlam of barley,this la6t the most common; stirred withwater, beer, or tea into a pap, it i~ theusnnl food in C. - rtsdm-/n-u roast-flouraod srain - victuals in gen, KUlI. - rtadm­rin the I,nce of Oour &11. - 2. urine Lt.rt8alll-mddg colour of urine.

II. vb. v. rts6m-pa.

g=:.: rtsar v.. )'ua-ba I, 2.

g' rni

~.~. rtsal I. skill, dexterity, adroitness, ac-complishment; in the first IIIace physical

Skill, lag-rtsal-can of a skilful, praC1isedhnnd W; sf/!lUol'tsdl id., Mobs d«it Ilf/!JUorl$lil61l'engtlJ aod dC:t:terit)" Gll'_, skilfulncss;rtsal(d(lli) ldlin(-pa) skilful, c:t:pert, adroit,mal..",lid the contror)"; mal ofIl'an-pa to"ie in skill, mal w!JQn-ba to practise, orimprove one's self in skin Mil.; rtsal ~Ol'

all skill is gone, rgud id. &11.; stoln.(k!Jt)mal, Lu.~, strengtb, energy, mfu­rtslil and rmal· m(u prob. id. D::l, S.g.;,·tlal·i!t-w or I'tsal-po·ci adroit lIS tL gym.nastic, wrestler etc.; also sbst. ntblctc,jugg­ler etc. D::l.; ,·lsdl·g!ji 'lillo/it a gymnasticfeat Lex.; rtsal-tbJjQn bodily n:crcise, nim·blcness, agility, bdti-rtsal-t!Jy<Jn nimblenessin running, rlidgpl·ttakh!JOil agility in flyingMil.; Cu·/'tadl feats performed in the water;the llJ1, of swimming !!th.; vulgo W: alsofor natuml, innate abilities; 7Ilig-4'ual-mliankoon-sightcd, mifl-rlsal nll(l11l$ of a weAksightj rtlal·(Jn Selt 'skilful, masterly' (?)- 2. in InUlr times used in a special senseof skill, expertness in contemplation, cf. t!J6m­pa; so frq. with Mil.; blla'i-'CulNems-J.yirt8al ysumj lam-oflag-mbl-1..yi rtsdl-l?a snchaccomplishments 'as will clear the rond', ­ascetical terms familiar only to thc initiated.

g~'~' )'I$ds-ma v. btlds-ma.

g' 11&i 1. all fluids of a somcwhat greaterconsistency, such as the juice of some

fruits, paints, varnish etc., rtsi-can viscid,sticky, clammy; ·tsi fJ!ldg-pa· C., ·tigydb-te,kli.b1, tdli_ce· W. to colour, to paint, ·tsitdn-wa· C, ~Iso t() solder; JM.b-pa(?) &11.to lacker, (() \"arnish; sbrdri.-rm honey; 7Jdd·kyi rk!Jro 7'fsi flo mediCllI draught, potionDzl. \~L, 7, (another reading: tman); bduiJ..mi nectar; t8Qn.rln painter's colour, aKdr·7'Ui \\'hite~wash, 1lllfl-rtsi black pnint, dmd/'­rtli red paint; -ter-ui' C. gilding, -liill-tti*silvering C. - 2. applied to external o.p­pCfU'aQCC: -d(hi~i' W. complexion; even tparm Jam /.'a-1Mg UrJf.pa de this Cllne, asto its outside smooth, as to colour beauti­ful Mil. (unless rtai he _ shell, bark, rind'?)

rtri- ba **

-rtsi-tdy juicy fruit; rtsi-siii I. fruit-tree

l*th. 2. tree, in gen. Glr. and <-Ur\\li.. frq.

rtsi-gu fruit-kernel, the kernel in a fruit-

stone (not the latter itself Sch.); W. for

*fsi-gu*, q.v. ; rtsi-gu-mar-nag oil extracted

from the stones of apricots; rtsi-mar Lf. i<l.

xr'*r //*/ -/m, pf. (b)rtsis, fut. fo'fei, imp.

(b)rtsi(s) 1. to count, V-fe 6d;--t-^ Wto pay down, money; cf. also rtsis. 2.

to count, reckon, calculate, mi ri-la pul re-

/'/ fdd-du reckoning a handful to each Dzl.;

zag sum-cu-la zld-ba ycig, zld-ba bcu-ynyis-la lor rtsi-ba to reckon a montli at 30 days,a year at 12 months Thyy.; mi-lo-ltar rtsi-

ba to count by the years of a man Thgy.;

gait bzan rtsi-ba to calculate which (day)be a propitious one Glr.; dus rtsi-ba to

reckon up, to compute the time Mil.; *ce-

in Hi tjdl-la si-ce* W. to reckon among the

adults; yon-tan-la s(yon-du rtsi-ba to con-

sider good qualities as faults,= ltd-ba T, 2;

brdun rtsi he may be reckoned to strike,

i.e. he is very likely to strike, threatens

to strike C.; brtsis zin l . the account is closed,

the bill is ready. 2. product, sum total.

^rtsiu n. of a plant,

=pri-ydn-ku Wdn.

rtsig-pa I. vb.,pf. (b}rtsigs,fa\,. brtsig,

imp. (b}rtsig(s\ 1. to build, whether

of stone or of wood, Kan-pa. 2. to wall

up, sgo a door Glr. II. sbst wall, ma-

sonry.

Comp. rtsig-skyubs Stg. is said to be =rtsig-rmdn.

--rtsig-nos side of a wall.

rtsig-rdo stone for building. rtsig-dpon

master-mason, architect. rtsig-pur a pegin a wall, wall- hook, to hang up things.

rtsig-rmdn fundament of a wall. rtsig-

zur edge or ledge of a wall Tligy. rtsig-

bzd-pa brick-layer, mason. --rtsig-yyog

journeyman mason.

t'teigs, Sch. : 'rteigs-ce very graciousand well-affected' (?), prob. should

be rtsis- ce q. v. no. 3.

rtetys-ma> turbid matter, sediment,

impurity,=

tsigs-ma S.g.

rtsin-ba adj. and sbst,, coarse, clumsy,

rough, rude; coarseness etc., B.\ rt

po R. and6'., rtsin-ge 6'., W. id., bat only

ft(li-5 Pfle coarse meal, grits (opp. to H6-

pOj Jdm-po); spy6d-pa rtsih-ba of rude man-ners Glr.

yrq- rtsid-jxt the long hair of the yak, rtsid-

fu<l* re-fays coarse cloth manufac-

tured of it; rtsid-stdn saddle-cloth Mil :

rtsid-gur tent-covering made of it.

rtsib(s)-ma 1. rib, rtsib-mai fir-

nas from between the ribs Glr.;

rtsib-logs yya* yyon all the ribs of the right

and left side Dzl ; rtsib-logs nd-ba painabout the ribs Do.; rtsib-rin the upperribs (?) 2. spoke of a wheel, frq.; rtoib-

kyi mu-Kyud fellies composing the rim of

a wheel 6s.; in ornamental designs the rtsib-

ma are often fanciful figures, supplying the

radii of the circle; further: the sticks or ribs

of a parasol, canopy etc. Glr. : the spars of

a felt-tent, the ribs or futtocks of a boat

Schr. rtsib-ri n. of a mountain, = sri-ri.

i-jr rtsis 1. counting, numbering, numeration,

rtsis -las Odas-pa innumerable Mil.;

*bod si-la, mon-si-la* W. according to Ti-

betan, according to Indian counting or com-

putation of time (is to-day the twentieth);

*mi-si, don-si? W. numbering of the people,

of the domiciliated; *mdg-si tdii-i-e* W. to

hold a numbering of military forces. 2.

account, rtsis byed-pa Glr., Odebs-pa Mil.,

iiydb-pa 6'.,W. *kor-ce, (l)ta-ce* to calculate,

to compute, rtsis-su sbydr-ba to count to-

gether, to sum up Dzl. ; calculation, compu-

tation (beforehand), scheme; *zag nyi-su-

la Ogro- (or ca-rtsis yod)* W. in about _'( '

days we calculate, i.e. we intend, to go;

*sin-ta gyiig-si yod-pe dus-f&od-la* Ld. at

the hour, when according to their calcu-

lation the carriage was to start; rtsis-kyis

(or rtsis byds-nas) nd-ses-pa to find by com-

putation Glr. skdr-rtsis astrology, astro-

nomy; dkdr-rtsis, ndg-rtsis, ace. to Cs.: In-

dian and Chinese astronomy and chrono-

logy. 3. estimation, esteem, rtsis-po 24n-

po byed-pa to value, to make much of, lus-

kyi rtsis-po-ce one that makes much of his

own body, by indulging and adorning it

Thgy.\ rtsis-rtsis byed-pa Sch. id.; de-la bla-

rbi.fdg juicy fruit; t·tIli~i" l. fruit-treeI'I!I. 2. tree, in gen. Gil'. and dsewh., frq.- rbJi-[lu fruit-ktTllcl, tile kernel in II fruit.­stone (not tile latter itS<"lf &/1.); n~ for-f'lJf-yu-, q.v.; d,i·g".tnur.,lafJ oil e~ trnctcdfrom tlie stones of npricolS; rbi·mal' Lt. id.

~"q' I'IA/· ba, pf. (l;)tu~, fut bl'bi, imp.(b)rbi(,) 1. to coun!, ·,i·tt lxJr·U· W.

to Ill!.y dO\\'Il, mOlley; cf. nlso 1·UiA. - 2.to coun!, reckon, calculate, mi re-la pill I'~

,'6' fad·d'l reckoning 1\ handful to Cflclt D::I.;::afJ Slim-Crt-la zld·ba rei!!, ::ld-ba bCu.ynyiA.la lor rui-ba to J'eekon a lQouth at 30 dll)'S,n )'cnr at 12 mouths '1'I'!JY.; lIIi.io-itar rui·bu to count by the yCIU'S of n man TIlg!!.;ga,i b::ati I'Ui-ba to cnlculll.te which (dn)')be II propitious one Gll'.; dIU rui·OO toreckon up, to computc the time Mil.; ·ce­vlili ~fd['la ,{.i:t. W. to reckon alllOng theadullS; ydn.tan-ia AAy(J1!.d,t rt4i·ba to COil·

sider good qUAlities as flUlltS, _ Ita·ba {, 2;brd",j rue Ill' mny be reckoned to strike,i. e. he is very likely to strike, threntensto strike C.; hru;A zin I. the account is closed,the bill is ready. 2. produc!, sum total.~

g~' rbiu n. of n plant, - pri-yali.ku Wdn.

~~T'r rufg-pa 1. vb.,pf. (h)I'uigs, fut. brtlJig,imp. (h)/uig('), 1. to build, whether

of stone or of wood, Rali.pa. - 2. to wallup, '90 n. door Gil'. - 11. sbst wall, ,ma­sonry.

Camp. rt&lg.,k!!dw Stg. is s:\id I.e be _1'/$19-1'7116';, - rtt.ig·iIdA side of n \\'1\11. ­ruig-rdd stone for building. - rt&iy-dpOtimflStI:r·mftson, nrchitect _ rtsiy.pitr a pegin l\ wnll, wall-hook, to Imng up things.- I'tAly-rmali fundament of l\ wall. - mig­Z1ir edge or ledge of /I. wall l'hgy. - rui9·hzd-pa brick-lltyer, mason. - 1·~jfl·r!Jdg

journeyman mason.~"t' ru,g" Scll.: 'ruig,.'i!e very gmcious

and well·nlIeetcd' (?), llrob. shouldltc rUiA·ct q. v. no. 3.g=tr"t.~. rU{yM"a turbid matter, sediment,

impurity, - /A{gs-ma S.g.gt::q. rts;,i-ha adj. nnd sbst., coarse, clum~r,

rough, MJde; coarsenessecpd n.; rUl~

po 11. nnd C., rai,,? f.,:, IV. id., but onlytldj ; p!1t coarse metll, grits (oJ'll. to !ib-­po, .}dlll_po); .pyOd'pa rtli,j·ba of rude IJItln­nel'll Gil'.~~"r ruld-jJ(J the long hair of the yak, Ttfid-

fa!!, - I~.fd!!. coal'lle cloth IDKnuf.e­tured of it; ruid-.tan stlddle·c1oth Mjl.;rtAid-gur l<lDt.-eo\·ering made of it.~.q(.wr~· rtllibW-ma 1. rib, rtllih-nlai Mr-

• lletl from lJetween the ribs Glr. i

ruih.ldfJ' ryetl ryon all the ribs of the rightand left side Dzl; I'uib-lo[p lla -ba ptlinabout the ribs Do.; rlAlb. ri,; the ullpcrribs (?) - 2. spoke of n. wheel, frq.; r~ib­

kyi tml..I..)ji<d fellies eom(XlSing the rim ofa wheel G~.; in ornamentAl designs the Tuib­:ma nre ofwn faDciful fignre!-, suppl)'iug tilerndii of the circle; furtber: the stickt or ribsof" parnsol, CMOpl' etc. Glr.; the spars ofl\ felt.tcnl, the ribs or futtocks of a boal&11,'. - ruih..,i n. of l\ mount:1in, = wi-rio~.w. "ui. I. counting. numbering, numeration,

luis·la, "d<U.pa innumert\ble ,Mil.;"hQd .i-ia, mo".,i·w- W. according to Ti­betan, according to Indian counting or com­putll.tion of time (is to-<lay the t\\'entieth);'1IIi-4i, {Id,i"'" W: numbering of the people,of the domiciliawd; ·mag.,1 tdn-ee" Iv. to

bold a nunlbcring of military forces. - 2.account, rbit b!lid-pa Gir., iliht-pa Mii.,.1;!JIih-pa C., W. "M.tt, (l)ta-el! to calculate,to compute, rW,.,u wydr-ha to count to­getller, to sum up D::l.; calculation, compu·tation (befo"elland), scheme; ·zag ftyi-'u­in ..g1Y). (or 'la-rbi, yod)" 1Y. in II.bout 20days we calculate, i.e. we inle-nd, to go;·iiiJ-ta gyilg"'lSi ydd -pt ,ltl,·f,lii.t.la" /.;/.1. It

the hour, when lIccording to their calcu·lation tbe cnrrillge wa~ to start; rM'..Jryil(or rtsu byd8-7I'/!) tiQ..ia-pa to find by com·putation Gil'. - s'·dr-rm. astrology, astro·nomy; dJ:6r-rui" ntif]-rtsil. liCe. to (.'.: In­dian Ilnd Cilinese astrODOmy and chrono­logy. - 3. estimation, esteem, rW,-po lbJ.po b!J~d.1Xf. to vlllue, to rnnke much of, i.a-.I..-yi ruis-po-le one dUlt lIlukes mucli of hisown bod)', by indulging IUld IIdorning it

r.I1vJ1d r~r.tJ;' b!lid-pa &h. id.; rU-ia bla-

440

rtsis-pa '^J* rtsed-pa

Ihdg-tu rtsis-su byed he respected her be-

yond measure Tar., Schf. *si-rug* vulgoW. for rtsis in most of its significations.

zrxrrr rtsis-pa \. also rtsis-mKan mathe-

matician, astronomer, soothsayer; ac-

countant Cs. 2. n. pr. rtsis-pa a-mgron

secular, rtsis-pa mgron-ynyer spiritual nameof the late Resident of the Sikim govern-ment at Darjeeling, called by the EnglishCheboo Lama, j- 1866, v. Hooker Journ.

rtsis-dpon a chief mathematician, chief

accountant, receiver general Cs.

rtsi/b-pa I. vb. to revile, abuse, v.

nor rtsub-pa sub no.

II. adj., com. rtsub-po, rtsub-mo Ssk.

I, uneven, rough, rugged, of the skin, cloth

etc.; coarse-grained, powder; rough, wild,

dreary, countries, ron-rtsub with wild ravines

Glr.; bristly, hair; harsh, tart, astringent,

of taste Med.; also applied to any thing of

a highly aromatic, pricking, pungent or acerb

taste, such as onions and similar vegetables,liable to cause both dietetic and religious

scruples; rtsub-zds food of this description;in music: strong, forte; of sentiment and be-

haviour: rude, unfeeling, regardless, callous

S.g., Glr.

rtse(-mo) 1. point, top, peak, summit,

Kan-, gri-, ri-, sin-rtse, or Kan-pai

etc., rtse-mo gable of a house, point of a

knife, top of a hill, head of a tree; of con-

vents, royal palaces, resp.: dbu-rtse Glr.;

Id-rtse, W. *ldr-se* (cf. rtsd-ba I, 2.) *ld-se*

summit of a mountain-pass; rtse dan logs-

su terminal and lateral Wdn.; rtse-sgro Glr.

flag-feather, pinion ;za rtse-rin hat with a

high crown Tar.; rtseycil-ba Sch.: to break

off the point, to blunt; rtse-reg-ce Mil. very

sensitive, touchy, not to be touched with

the tip of the finger. 2. point, particular

spot, rtse ycig-tu ltd-ba to look at one point;also adv., to look steadily, unremittingly, as :

rdn-gi grib-ma-la rtse-ycig-tu ltd-ba Wdn.,also Tar. frq. ;

sems rtse ycig-tu byed-pa to

direct the mind to one point, frq.; sems rtse-

ycig-tu byds-pai tin-ne- dzin-la zitgs-te Dzl. ;

aim, fse Odii rtse yciy as this life's only aim

Mil.

a-n* rtse-ba, pf. rtses, imp. rtse(js), ^Yf(different from brtse-ba) \. to play?

mig-mdn at chess Dzl.', to sport, to frolic,

used also of animals Dzl.;

rtse bro yton-bato run to and fro, playing and skipping,of deer Mil.', to joke, to jest, rtse-zin dgd-

ba, rtse-dgd spydd-pa id.; *ydn(s)-pa se-ce*

W. id.; to enjoy, amuse, divert one's self,

to take recreation, fsal-gyi nan-du rtser son

they went on a pleasure party into the

woods Dzl. ; euphem. of cohabitation, Odi

dan rtse-bar bijao Pth. I mean to enjoy her,

Comp. rtse-mKan player, gam bier, game-ster. --

rtse-grogs, rtsed- grogs play-mate.

rtse-dgd v. above. rtse-rgod sport and

laughter. rtse-sa play-ground, place of

amusement. rtse-sems a mind fond of

play ; Ky6d-kyis rtse - sems yin mod Kyafi

though you may still relish pleasures Pth.

2. to touch, W. *ldg-pa ma se* do not

touch it with your hand. 3. to Shudder

(cf. spti).

xr-xr' rtse-cun = rtsa-cun, Vena jugularisN

externa.

rfefy-pa, pf. (b)rtsegs, fut. brtseg,

imp. rtsog, W. *sdg-ce(s)* 1. to lay

one thing on or over another, to pile up, stack

up, build up, wood, boards; to put slices of

meat on bread; fig. : nd-ro ynyis brtseg two

'naro' one above the other, Z^, Gram.;

gen. double; Kan-pa rtsegs-pa 1. *a house of

two stories' = a stately building, palace; bythis word Wdn. explains Kan-bzdn, v. bzdn-

po. 2. ace. to other Lexx., an apartment built

on another, an upper chamber; balcony on

the roof of a house, ch|3|TT? fgya-grdm

brtsegs-pai mcod-rten a chod-ten with a

cross (v. rgya-grdm) on the top Pth. 2.

to tuck up, clothes Cs. 3. dbugs rtsegs-pa,

gyen-du dbugs(-kyis) rtseg-pa Med., short-

breathed, asthmatic, panting, gasping, from

fright etc., or as a sign of approaching death.

-dkon(-mcdg) brtsegs(-pa) ; ^(^cfi^ title of

a book.

srr-n* ftsen-ba, pf- brtsens, fut. brtsen, imp.

(b)rtson(s) to tuck up, truss up.

rtsed-pa I. also rtsen-pa,= rtse'-ba

to play; rtsed rtse-ba id.; rtsed-mo

440

lhag-tu rl$iS-8U blled he respected her be­yond !D('nSlire Tar., &hf. - ·si-rUg" vulgoW: for rui8 in most of its significations.g~''J' mis-pa 1. also I'uu-ml{un mathe·

matician, astronllmer, sootllsayer; ac­countant Ct, - 2. D. Ilr. f'uls-pa a.myrOnsecular, rt8is-pa mgron-rnyk spiritual nameof the late Hesidcnt of the Sikim govern­ment at Darjeding, l:llllcIl by the EnglishCbeooo Lama, t 1860, v. Hooker Journ.- ruis·dpon a chief mathematician, chiefaccountant, recl'iver general es.g,::r=.r rtsub-pa I. \'b. to revile, abuse, v." ti<;r rt3ub-pa sub no.

II. IIdj., com. rfAu(vpo, rtsub-tno &1.:.ll~, uneven, rough, rugged, of the skin, clothetc.; coarse· grained, powder; rough, wild)dreary, countries, roii-rtsub wilh wild ravinesGlr.; bristly, hair; harsh, tart, astringent,of taste Md.; also apll1icd to an)' thing ofa highly aromatic, pricking, pungent or acerbta:;te, such as onions and similar \'cgetaUle~liable to CllUSC both dietetic and religiousscruples; rtsub·.::ds food of thig descriptioll;in music: strong, fort~.; of sentiment and be­haviour: rude, unfeeling, regardless, callous8,g., Gll'.g-(~5" rtse(-mo) 1. point, top, peak, summit,

!tan_, gri-, ri., si,i-rtu, or Ilan.paietc., rtd-tM gable of a house, point of II

knife, oop of II hill, head of a tree; of eon·vents, royal palaces, resp.: d/>U.rtu Glr.;M-rtu, lV. ·ldr-u" (cf. rtsd-Qa I, 2.) -ld-se"summit of a mountain-pass; rIM dan Wgs­su terminal and lateral Wdn.; rtse-sgro Glr.flag-feuther, pinion; Za '·fM.rhi hat with ahigh crOWD Tar.; rue yCil-ba 8ch.: to breakoft'the point, to blunt; 'TUt-l'tfrce Mil. verysensitive, touchy, not to he touched withthe tip of the finger. - 2. point, particularspot, rue yUg-tu ltd-1m to look at one point;also adv., to look steadily, unremittingly, liS;

rdli-ui fIl'ib-ma-la rtu-rCig-tu IUl-/)a Wdn.,also Tar. frq.; St1/U I'lst yCig-tu byed-pa 00direct "the mind to one point, frq.; ums rfM.

yCig-tu blJJ.s-pai ti'i-ne-odzhl-Ia zuus-te Dzl.;aim, t8e odii rtu yCiu as this life's only aimMil.

g..::r 1,tse-ba, pf. riul, imp. ,·tst!(S), 1I1l,(ditTerent from bl'tM-ba) 1. to play,

mig.•mdn at chess D::L; to sport, to frolic,used also of animals Dzl.; rl8t bra rt6,i-/)ato run to and fro, playing alld skipping,of deer Mil.; to joke, to jest, l'lsi-zin dqJ.­ba, l·t.8e-d{Jd spydd-pa. id.; ·yd,i(8)-pa. 8Mi'W: id.; to enjoy, amuse, divert one's sen.to take recreation, fsal-[lyi nall-du reser 3011

they went on il. pleasure party into thewoods Dzl ; euphem. of cohabitation, odi(Ian me-bar b.'1uo Pth. 1 mean to enjoy her.

Comp, rtfe--m/..'an !)lnyer,gambler,game­ster. - rtse-gr6g3, 1tsffl.grog3 pl:ly-mate.- rl8e-d9J. v. above. - rtu-1yoo sport andlaughter. - rt8i-3a play-grnund, place ofamusement. - rue-um3 n mind fo~d ofplay; l!JOd -"!lis rtse - 31?1718 yin mod /Cyanthough }'oU UlUy still relish pleasures pth.

2. to touch, w: -ldfl-pa mp St" do DOt

touch it with your baud. - 3. to shudder(cf. spu).

8'~C: rtu-cluj - rl8a-cu,i, VeDa ju~larisexterna.

~=.r ItMg.pa, pf. (b )rtseg8, fut. brtseg,imp. rt8og, W: "st1g-ee(s)· 1. to lay

One thing on or over another, to pile up, stackuPJ ~uild up, wood, hoards; to put slices ofmeat on bread; fig.: nd-ro ynyis brwg two'naro' one above the other, :::;::, Gram.;gen. double; Rail-pa 1't8l!f!s-pa l. 'a house 01two stories' _ a stately building, palace; bythis word Wdn. explRins lCan-b;:d,i, v. bzd/j­po. 2. ace. to other UiE3:., an apartment buillon another, an upper chnmber; balcony onthe roof of It house, ~1J11::; 'Tuya-srambrtNg8 - pal 1ncdd-rten~a chad-ten with 1\

cross (v. ruya-gram) on the top Pth. - 2.to tuck ull! clothes Cs. - 3. dbugs rl8egs-pa,[!!JCn-du dbugs(.lryis) ,·tstg-pa Med., short·breathed, asttlmatic, panting, gasping, fromfright etc., or as a sign of approaching death.- cU:on(-mMg) brt8tg8{-pa}; ,~title of..a book.~..q. rt8tli-ba, pf. bl'tuils, fut. br&!i, imp.

(b)rtfon{8) to tuck up, truss up.&~"r rt8U-pa I. also ,.t&m-pa, - rt&!-ba.

to pli;lYi rtJe1. rtsNJa i~.; rtsld-11W

441

rtsed-ma st*dl-ba

play, game, dgd-bai rts^d-mo byed-pa Dzl\

glu gar rtse'd-mo byed-pa to sing, dance

and play Glr.\ rtsM-mo toy, byin-pai chil-

dren's toy Mil.; rtse'd-mo-can playful, sportive,

merry <'*.\ rkydl-, gar-, gri-, cdl-, mcdh-,rfd-rtxt'd the sport of swimming, dancing,

fencing, dicing, leaping, riding 6s.; yyen-

rk&d play, amusement, diversion; rtsed-dgdid. Sch.\ to-to-liii-lin rtsed

([.v.

;rtsed- jo,

rtsfa-Jo, W. *sfa-)o* sport, public amuse-

ment, popular pleasure; yzdn-nu rtsed-joi

f6gs-kyis bskor-nas surrounded by a numberof youthful playmates; *sen-yo tdn-ce* W.to arrange a sport.

II. to varnish (?).

*rr-r rtsed-ma the disagreeable feeling in

the teeth produced by acids Sch.;

rsed-am a shivering, cold shudder Sch. v.

rtse-ba 3.

rtse'd-mo, rtsen-pa \.rtsed-pa.

rtsen-gdg Mil,ace. to Sch. : calf of

the leg.

'

rises v. rtse-ba.

rtsog(s')-pa v. brtsog-pa.

rtsod-lddn n. of a certain era or

period of the world v. dus 6.

rtsdd-pa, I. vb., pf. brtsadio contend,

to fight with arms Dzl; with words:

to dispute, debate, wrangle, frq., dan with,

la about; rtsdd-cin mi-snydn r)od-pa to

speak evil words, to use bad language, in

quarreling.

II. sbst. dispute, contention, quarrel; dis-

putation Glr. rtsod-pa Ogrdn-pa to competein disputation Glr. fsdd-mai rts6d-pa a

learned debate aboutwords; rtsod-pa-mams

points of controversy Tar. 132,18, Schf.

rtsod-yzi the subject of a disputation.

rtsdn(-ma') Pur. nausea, vomiting,

*rtson pog* he grows sick; *rtson-

cas* to be sick, to vomit

rtsom-pa I. vb., pf. (6)rfeams, rtsoms,

fut. brtsam, imp. rtsom(s) 1. to begin,

commence a work, to be about, to set about

an undertaking; Obr6s-par brtsdms-te being

about to run away Dzl.\ cos-las brtsdms-te

rt*6d-do it was about religion that our dis-

pute began Tar.; no-Ug brtedms-pa-Uubeginning, stirring up an insurrection Glr.

dt-na& brtsdms-te beginning at this place,from here, from that time (cf. />:t'f/,s-te sub

bzun-ba). --2. to make, to accomplish,

ysd-bai las mi brtsdm-mo so he will not

accomplish the business of healing; com.

to compose, to draw up, in writing, bstdn-

bcos rtsom-mi author, writer, composer 1'th. :

brtson- grus rts6m-pa DzL frq., to work

diligently, carefully; to take pains, to exert

one's self, rts6m-par, or rts6m-pa-la mKds-

pa a clever writer, an elegant composer,which title in Tibet is applied to any one,

that exhibits in his style high-soundingbombast with a flourish of religious phrases ;

cad rtsod rtsom ysum-gyi bsad-gra Glr. prob.

a school, in which religion is taught and

explained, combined with disputations and

written compositions.

Il.sbt. beginning, commencement (^j^^),

rtsom-pa dan-po the first beginning Ld.-

Glr.; a doing, proceeding, undertaking, deed

Tar.

- rtsol-ba 1. vb. to endeavour, to take

pains, to give diligence; rtsol-bar adv.

diligently, zealously; Ky6d-kyi& rtsol-bai dus-

la bab nowyou must use dispatch l*th.; rtsol-

mdd unsought, rtsol-med Ogr6-bai don byed-

pa to seek the welfare of beings without

their caring for it Glr.; srog rtsol-ba Lex.

and Mil., ace. to Sch. : to draw breath, to

take fresh courage, which seems to be im-

plied by dbugs rtsol-ba Ma.; nyal-po rtsol

drag(-na} if cohabitation is immoderately

indulged in Med. 2. sbst. zeal, endeavour,

exertion, rtsol-ba skyed-pa to use diligence

Zam.

stsol-ba, pf. and fut. stsol (*sol-ic<i.

sa^it-a*), 1. to give, bestow, grant

when the person that gives is respectfully

spoken to, much the same as ynan-ba q.v. ;

stsdl-du ysol pleaseto give, to grant etc.

DzL; bddg-gildm-rgyagsstsolbig pray, give

me provisions (provender) for the journey

Dzl.\ to give back, to return what had been

lent Dd.\ to grant, bestow, afford, give (as

28'

pray, game, (/gd-/)ai r~&l-1IWJ bytd-pa D~l.;

fill' gar rWd·flUJ hyid-pa to sing, danceMil play Gir. j ttUd-mo loy, byiJ-pai chil­dren" toyMil,; r"ld-mo-can playlul,sporfive,merry Cl.; rlydl-, gur-, !Jrl-, ldi_, medli-,rtd-rtwl the sport of swimming, dancing,fencing, dicing, leaping, riding <:S.; rJeil­l,utd play, amUlement, diversion; rtstd-dgdid. &h.; to-iQ-lili- fbj t1Md q. ",j rtdd-Jo,rf3ht-,jo, lV, ·Mn-)o~ sport, pUblic amuse·ment, popular pleasure; fZdn ·nu rldd-JoifWl.P'"kyis 6,,(:o1'-n«. surrounded bya numberor youthful plll.yml1tcs; ·.m-)o fdn-U W:to arrange a sport.

]I. to varnish (?).g~'~' ruid-ma the disagreeable feeling in

tbe teeth produced by acids SeA.;Iw-6m a shivering, cold shudder SeA. \',"iU-ha 3., .. 'g~''''l', g~'.:r f'~id-1'IUJ, rUbl-pav.rtdd.pa.

i~'Erf1' rtMn1J/Jg Mil, ace. to SeA.: calf ofthe leg.

i~ rt3e3 v. rt8i-ba.~

~('l")tr '"""g(.)-pa " . ....;g-pa.

l"".P.l~ rtwd-lddn n. of 0. certain era. or~ period of the world v. dIU 6.

1",,·.:r rtsdd-pa, 1. vb., pf. brtsad to contend,to fight with arms D:l.; with words:

to dispute, debate, Wl'angle, frq., cUlIi with,fa about; rl4Od-Cin mi-mydn f')Od-pa tospeak evil words, to use bad langul\ge, inquarreling.

II. sbst. dispute, contention, quarrel; dis­putation Glr.; rUdd-pa cgrdn-pa to competein disputation GIr. - (sdd-1Ilai rtsdd-pa alearned debate about words; rUdd-pa-manupoints of contro'·crsy Ta,.. 132,18, &hf. ­rt¥Jd-yZi the subjeet of a disputation.~'(&n ,·t3dn(-ma) PII", nausea, vomiting,

.,.ts<m pOg" he grows sick; "rtsJn..fcu· to be sick, to vomill".;.rq rtsd71lfa 1. vb., pf. (b)rtsam3, rts<mu,

fut. bl'WlI1~ imp. ruom(s) 1. to begin,commence u work, to be about, 10 set aboutnn undertaking; cbro,..par brtsorna-te beingabout to run away Dzl.; cd3-las/"'fMims-te

rtltKJ..do it WM about religiou tlll\t our dis~

pUle lIegan Tar.; Jio-ldg brtWms-/Hl_llUbeginning, stirring up an insurrection Glr.;dt-1la& brtldrna_t~ ~ginning M this place,from he~, from that lime (cf. b:li,j,_t~ subbzuli - ba). - 2. to make, to accomplilh,Y60-bai la.I mi brtsdrn-JlIO so he will notaccomplish the business of healing; com.to compose, to draw up, in writing, bttdn­btos rtwm-mi author, writer, composer Pr!l.;br-wm- o!ln;3 rMm-pa JJzL feq., to workdiligently, carefully; 10 take painl, to exertone's self, rts6m-par, or rt36tu-]Hl-la mld.f­pa 0. clever writer, l\n elegant composer,which title in Tibet is applied 10 aD)' one,that e:xhibits in Ilis style high _soundingbombast with I' flourishof religious phrasts;cad rt3odrt3o»l Y3Um-g!Ji Uad-graGlr. peob."school, in wllieh religion is tllught andexplained, tombined with disputations andwritten compositions. -

II.sbt. beginning, commencement(mlf).rt36m-pa da,i-po the firs~ beginning lA.­Gir. ; a doing, proceeding, undertaking, deedTar.~~'.:::r rt301-ba 1. vb. to endeavour, to take

pains, to give diligence; rtsdl-bar l~V.

diligently, zealously; "'!JOd.}.'!!;, rl4dl-bai dli3­la bab OOW)'OU must use dispatch HI,.; rtwl­11U!d unsought, "ool-mid ogrO·bai don byid­pa to seek the welfare of beings withouttheir caring for it Gl,..; "Of! "Ml-ba Lu.nnd Mil., acc. to &11.: to draw breath, totake fresh courage, which seems to be im­plied by dlm!J$ rt361-ba Ma.; !lyal-po rl3<t1drag(-na) if eohnbitlllion is immoderatelyindulged in MM.. - 2. sbst. zeal, endeavour,exertion, rt3dl-ba M'!Jld-pa to use diligenceZalll.&..f'::1' stsdl-ba, pf. and fut. ,t.sol (·J6l-ICa,\5 sal-wa·), 1. to "ive, bestow, grant,when the person thAt gives is resrectIullyspoken to, much the Sl\lUe as y"ati-b<J q.,..;3udl-du y30l please to gi"e, to grant eU:.D:l.; Mdg? Idm-rgya!JIstsol cig rrllY, giveme provisions (rrol'ender) for the journeyD:L; to give back, to return wbat had been1t-lOt..PZl.; to grant, bestow, aflord, give (as;,"-) 2$.

442

brtsdd-pa

a present) ;also for yton-ba to send, to send

out, so at least in W.;further : W. *ja sal,

su-gu sal, deb-sal* please to give me some

tea, to lend me some paper, pray, give me

change; or more pressingly: *)a sal gos*

I earnestly request you for some tea etc.,

I entreat you to . . .;*sal mi gos* I thank

you, I do not want it; bkd-stsal-ba v. sub

bka; dnos-grub stsol-ba to bestow spiritual

gifts (?). 3. sometimes incorr. for bsdl-ba

(sel-ba) to clean, to clear, to remove Dzl.

brtsdd-pa ,brtsdm - pa

v. rtsod-pa, rtsom-pa,

sometimes incorr. for btsdd-pa, btsdm-pa.

brtse-ba vb. to love, sbst. love, affec-

tion, kindness, nearly the same as

bydms-pa, frq. preceded by snyin, resp.

fugs, q.v.; brtse-bas out of love, kindness,

e.g. yndn-ba to give something out of love;

with love, lovingly, kindly, e. g. skyon- ba to

protect; brtse-bai fsig words of love, kind

exhortations Glr.;brtse-bai pyag-bris your

very kind letter; snyin-brtse-ba, resp. fugs-

brtse-ba = brtse-ba; brtse-ba-can, brtse-lddn

loving, affectionate, kind; brtse(-ba)-med(-pa)

unkind, unmerciful, ungracious; brse-ydun

OT"^"fsa-cu

love, affection, pa-md brtse-ydun ce yan, ci

zig bya what could even parental love do?

Glr.; lha-prug yzon-nui brtse-ydun de this

proof of love on the part of young god-desses towards me Mil.

nsfa'n' brtson-pa 1. vb. with la, to strive,

to aim at, to exert one's self for,

fsogs-pa-la an accumulation of merits, frq. ;

brtson-*par byed-pa, or Ogyur-ba, also with

mnon-par preceding it; to apply one's self,

Ids-la to business, fugs-ddm-la to medita-

tion Dzl., Mil. 2. sbst. (Ssk. ^^$, virtus^)

endeavour, effort, care, exertion, byd-ba-la

brtson-pa alacrity, readiness to act Wdn.',

more frq. brtson- grus v. below. 3. adj.=

brtson-pa-can, brtson-lddn Mil., diligent,

assiduos, studious, sgrub(-pa)-la eager to ob-

tain power over demons Mil.', brtson-paron purpose, with intention, wilfully; as sbst.

mostly brteon- grus, with skyed-pa, byed-pa,

rtsom-pa to use diligence, to show energy,zeal etc.; brtson- grus drdg-po intense appli-

cation; brtson- grus-can assiduous, studious,

brtson- grus nydms-te Stg. having lost one's

energy.

^ 1. the letter fsa, the aspirate of x$ (cf.

S), sounded fs. -- 2. num. fig.: 18.

T^ fsa, 1. hot, v. fsa-ba. 2. grandchild,

v. fsd-bo. 3. v. fsa- fsa. 4. resp.

illness, complaint C.

fswa salt, fswa Odebs-pa to salt, withla',

* *fsa nyen-ce* W. to taste, to try, food

prepared with salt; Ka-ru-fswa alum Med.;

rgya-fswa sal-ammoniacM?d ; Ice-myan-tswaalum Lt.', rdo-fswa rock-salt Cs.; ba-fswa

impure soda, v. bd-mo. bod-fswa Lt. ?

Idn-fswa = fswa. fswa-Jca salt mine Cs.

-*fsa -(A

f

w-) can* W. saline, salinous.

fswa-sgo place where salt is found. *fsa-

tse sal-ammoniac C. - - *fsa-cu* salt-water,

brine; ace. to some, vinegar (?).

fsa-skor v. fsd-bo.

fsa-fcdn \. fsa-fsd.

a- Kru v. fsa-ba.

fsd-ga-Jm, also cd-ga-Jbu, fsag-

fsdg grasshopper, locust C.

fsa-ycig-ma thick blanket, quilt 6'.

fsa-cu v. fsa-ba.

a present); also for ytdti-ba to senll, to send.o~t, so at least in w.; further: lV. ·)a sal,~$U. sal, ddJ~al" please to gi\'e me sometea, to lend me some paper, pray, give meehMge; or more pressingly: ~a sal 90s.I earnestly request you for some tea etc.,I entreat you to ... ; ·sal mi 90s. I thankyou, I do not wanl it; bkd-$t8al-ba v. suhbka~ d,jos~flriJ.b stsdl-ba to bestow spiritualgiflll(?). - 3. sometimes incorr. for bsdl-ba(!ll-ba) to clean, to clear, to Mlmove Dzl.

.qg.c:;t.I", .qg~''J' brtsdd-Pf~, b~dm= pav. rtWJ.pa, ,tStmJ p<l,

sometimes incorr. forbtsdd-pa, btsdm-pa..qK·.q· brtsJ..lxJ vb. 10 love, sbst. love, affec-

tion, kindness, nearly the same asbydrrn _pa, frq. preceded by S'Ilyiil, resp.(U{Js, q. ".; brtse-bas out of love, kindness,e.g. tnd,j-ba to give something out of love;with love, lov;ngly, kindly, e.g. sky()lj -00 toprotect; brue-OOi (sig words of love, kindexhortations Glr.; brtU-bai 'PlJarrbris yourvery kind letter; myfil-brIM-oo, resp. tUgs­brtM-fu _ brt.l.oo; bl'tU-ba-can, brtst-idtinlo,ing, affectionate, kind: brtu(-ba)-mid(-pa)unkind, unmerciful, ungracious; bru - ydlui

~ 1. the leiter faa, the aspirate oft (ef.is), sounded (s. - 2. num. fig.: 18.

£,- {sa, 1. hot, v. (.a~/xJ. - 2. grandchild,v. {sd-bo. - 3. v. faa-"a. - 4. resp.

illness, complaint C.~. (Ilea salt, 6u:a odibs-pa to salt, with lu;

-!sa nyhl-U' lV: to taste, to try, foodprepared with salt; Ita-ru-(w;a alum Moo.;rgya-(swa sal-ammoniac Moo.; lCe-myali-Utcaalum Lt.; fW-(3Wa rock-salt C•. ; ba-(swaimpure soda, v. bd-mo. - bOd-fstca Lt. ~ ­ldn-(s«;a - fBwa. - tsma-fa salt mine (4.

- -{sa-(.l'u-)ean- W. saline, salinous. -

love, affection, pa"lIIa.. brtse-ydun u yall Cizig bya whp,t could even parentD.llove do?Gir.; llw.-ftrUU yz6n-nui brtM--r,d(ui de thisproof of love on the part of young god­desses towards :me Mil..q~·'r brl$6n-pa 1. vb. with la, to mivt,

to aim at, to exert one's self for.WJgs-pa-la an f\.CCumulation of merits, frq.;brtson-par bytd-pa, or ouyur-ba, (l,lso "lithmMn-par preeening it; to apply one's self,lds-la to business, fugs-ddm-la to medita..lion Dzl., Mil. - 2. sbst. (Ssk.~ 'f:irtu.s)endeavour, effor~ care, exertion, byd-ba-labrilOn-pa alacrity, readiness to act lVdn.;more frq. brts<m-ofJri'.s v. below. - 3. adj.= brtsdn-pa-tan, bT"f1!On-lildn Mil., dilig!!nt,assiduos, studious, sgrUh(-parla eager to ob­tain power over demons Mil.; brtsdn'p<JI'on purpose, with intention, Wilfully; as shst.mostl)· brtson·ogria, with d.-yM-pa, bykJ,.pa,rts&m-pa to use diligence, to show energy,r.ealetc.; bruon-o!1M d"uf}-po iuten:>c uppli_cation; brtson-of!1'Us-tan assiduous, shrdious.brtson-ogrus nydrrn-te Sty. having lost oo.'senergy.

tma-sgo place where salt is fonnd. - -(sa­tilt sal-ammoniac C. - "(sa-Cu- sail-water,brine; aee. to some, vinegar (?).

cS·~", ts~lair v. lsd-bo.

t·~· (sa-l'd,j ". {sa·tlId.

a:;'a,r:r (sa-ol'n"t. v. (sa--ha.~

~.~.Q.EI f4d-ga-iJU, also ld-ga-Ju, (869­fsrig grasshopper, locust C.

£"~'&:r]'.;.j' ts!rfCig-11W thick blanket, q"iItC.

a:;.~. (sa-eu v. {S(l-ba.

v.

fxn-ih-dif haste, hurry, *fsa-dd(j )//>

tig* C., *fsa-rdg ton* W. muke haste!

adv. fsa-drdg-tu Sch. but also *md fsa-

rdg sog* W. come quickly, without delay!fsd-sna anxiety about, tender care for

a thing, ni.f;

*fsa-na-can* W. soli-

citous, careful, attached, *fsa-na-mtd'Kan*

W. indifferent, unfeeling, callous; Kdn-pe*fx(i->ui K~fir-Kan* W. one that has to care

for the welfare of a household or community,

superintendent etc.

fsa-sndg Sch. = sndg-fsa ink.

fsa-pan-tstC. dresser, kitchen-table.

\ fsd-big Ld. a little.

t'sd-ba I. vb. to be hot, so-ga-(la) nyi-

mai ^od-zer rdb-(tti-} fsd-bas as at the

time of the Soga the rays of the sun are

very hot.

II. sbst. 1. heat, fsd-bas yduh-ba to be

tormented by the heat S.g.', fsd-bai dus-su

during the heat of the day, at noon, cf. dro

Mil.; fsd-ba ni bsil-bar gyur-to the heat

changed into coolness Dzl.; fsa yzer-ba the

burning of the heat, or of the sun Sch.;fsd-bai

nad Lt. the fever-stage in diseases; fsa sel-

ba to cure an acute disease Sch.; fsd-bas

rmyd-ba to lose one's appetite in conse-

quence of great heat Sch. 2. warm food,

ster-ba, Odren-pa Mil.; fsa-ycig-ma one that

in twenty-four hours takes but one regular

meal. -- 3. spice, condiment, fsd-ba ysum

,black pepper, long pepper, ginger.

III. adj. (vulgo *fs<_'m-mo* C., *fsdn-te*

W.} 1 . hot, warm. 2. sharp, biting, pungent,

of spices etc. - - 3. stinging, prickly, thorny

Pth.

Comp. fsa- Km colic, gripes Lt. fsa-

gon forenoon Sch. fsa-grah 1. hot and

cold. 2. (relative) warmth. *fsan-gyaP

W. inflammatory fever. fsa-lcib v. AV/>.

- *fsa-cu* 1. a hot spring C. '2. a warm

bath C. -- fsa-bra dinner <ScA.(?) fsa-

mig red pepper Ld. *fsem-mo C. hot,

warm. --fsa-dmydl hot hell. fsa-zer

443

'glowing ray', po. for sun. *t*an-tdn*

W. hot, passionate, ardent; in the rut

fsa-lam Sch. : half a day's journey, a march

before breakfast, = fsal-mai lam. - - feto-

bsubs Lt.f

fsd-bo, resp. db6n-po B., slcu-fa C.

1. grandchild, grandson. L>l. *me-mt-

fsa-wo*. --2. nephew, brother's son /

Ld.: *a-%d?i-fsa-wo*. bu-tsa v. bu\ ydn-fsa great-grandchild, yun-tsa great-great-

grandchild, yzi-fsaid. Sch. foa-skdr grand-children Sch. tsd-tno l. granddaughter.

2. niece. 3. Wife LA. fsa-zdn nephew and

uncle Mil. fsa-yzug nephews and nieces

Sch. - - fsa- yug grandchildren ,fsa -

yug

mdn-poi cd-lo the many grandchildren's

tattling Mil; offspring, in gen., bu-fsa-yfy

id. W!, C.; *fsd-wo fsa-yug ydii-fsa yuh-ta*W. children and children's children.

tsa-mig v. fsd-ba comp.

fsd-mo 1. v. tsd-ba. 2. v. fsd-bo.

-r.-r. fsd-fsa 1. little images of Buddha, and

conical figures, moulded of clay and

used at sacrifices Schl. 194,206; tsd-Kan

place for keeping them Cs.; fig. Kd-nas me-

yi fsd-fsa Opro from his mouth proceededcones of fire Pth. 2. BaL for fsa-drdg

hastily, quickly; tsa-fsa-med slow, slowly.

fsa-yzug v. fsd-bo.

'

fsd-zar v. tsd-dur.

*^PT]' fsa^rdg v. fsa-drdg.

fsa-ru lamb-skin, *fsar-ldg* W. coat

made of lamb-skins.

jf.pt.fsd-la a kind of medicine Med., ace.

to Wdn. = da i'-fsit r .

fsa-lu 1. also mtsa-lu(?) cock, bya

(-po)-fsd-lu Wdn., C.; in W. applied

only to red-breasted cocks, from mfsal ver-

milion (Sch. hen?).- - 2. v. fsdl-ba.

fsa-lum~pa C. sweet orange, frq.

in SiL

fsd-le 1. Ssk.

jbdj,Ar. ^.:, borax, tsd-lei sky**-

~.~. fwcd.n. Y. f,lM.

t,.•",. '"-JrJ,J ....., """Y, '''''-469)''';::j"\ iifJ- t:, .6a-~ tooj.. lV. make hll8te!

- ad". (.a-drdg-t. &1,. but also -1Nd lia·rdg MIt W. come quick.lr, ~;thou.t delay!~':U fMJ..._ anxiety about, tflMler care for

/\ .. dung, ni.f; -4a--lIu-hIlC-.y' soti­citous, careful attached, -w-na·"IId·la,,·lV. indifferent, unfeeling, callous; lun- PI·',d-1l(I ri4,..fulI- IV: one that has to ca~

for tbe welfareor. hOllSehold or community,superintenden~ etc.

~.~ (w..,ndg &4. - .ndg.£&a ink.

£'.q,,"~ {,a.-pan.IMC. dresser, kitchen·table.

£'~' (ffiJ.N; Ld. 'a little.

CS·..q· (,d-ba I. vb. to be hD~ Id-ga-(la) nyi­mai ~~Ur rdb-{tu-) (.a-lJat as .t the

tilDe of tbe Sog3 the fl1ys of Lbe sun areTery bot.

I I. sbsi. 1. heal, {.d-baa ydwif-Oa to belormellted by the beat S.g.; (Id-bai Jut-I"during the bent of the daJ. at noon, d. dlYJMiL; fld-bo. 'IIi lMi'-6ar gyttr-tD the heatcbllIlSed ioto coolness D::l.; (Ill ,Ur.ba theburning orlhe beut, orofthesuo&lI.;6d-bai-.d 1..1. the fever-itage ill. diSCUeli; (til Jil­~ to Cllte M acute disease Se/t.; fJti·btutwtyd.ba \(I lose one's appetite ill const-­quence of grelU. beat &4. - 2. warm lood,ItJr...&J, .drin-po -'Iil.; "a'fi:ig-ma one thatin lwcnty.four bours takes but one regulllrmeal. - 3.5Piee, condimtnt, (.a-ba l'lII.m~ black pepper, long pepper, ginger.

111. adj. (nllgo ·(.rm.o.'f1l()· C., ·(.dn·te·lV.) 1. hO~ warm.- 2. sharp, biting, pungen~of spicell etc. - 3. stinging, prickly, thornyIlJ1. -

Compo (~a-.lb'1l colic, gripes l...t. - (.a­g61i. forenoon &11. - fsofon I. llOt nndcold. 2. (rclath-e) warmth. - ·{Mn.!l!IarlV. infialUmator,. fe,·cr. - 6a-ltib .... ll'ib._ ·(MJ·ti.· I. a bot sprinp; C. 2... WArm

bath C. - 6a-bro dillper &/t.(?) - fJa·"ig red pepper fA. - .,,;.... C. hot.",·arm. - fta-dmyil bol lieD. - (,,0.-=&

·j;tlo.illg ray', po. for .un. - ·tIon-ld"·lV. bot, passiODate, ardent; in the nit ­

fla.-lam &It.: IlaIf .. day'. journey, .. wardabefore breakfast, _ ~..ui fD; ... - QIe­

~IA.'

t..:f hti.oo, resp. ~-po fl., M..-fla C.I. grandchiW. gr&tMIson, 1.4 •JIfI_..J..

(Id-W·. - 2. nephew, brot!ltr'. SOft D:L;JA: ••-M,j-6a~•. - b1i.6a, v. bM;~6a gmt-grandchild, yftit.- t.o ~lt-grut·

grandchild, f~i.6a id. &4. - tia....6r grand.childrtD Sell. - tid·mo I. granddaugtlttr.2. niece. 3. wile U. - 6a·!:d" ncpbetl' aoduncle Mil. - r.a--fzifl nephc'l\'S and nieces&A. - 6a.yVg grandchildren, till· yNg1nun-poi bJ-lo the many grMdchildrep'stattling Mil; OffS(lring, in j:l:en., bu.f.a-yUtrid. lV., (,~; ·f3d""'CO (30.-yUg ydit..(3a yuit_{3/J·W: children nnd cl.ildren'. cbildreo.

~.~. t.a-mig v. {,d-ba compo

t..;( {w-mo 1. Y. wi-ba. - 2. Y. 6d-bo.

£;t.. 6d-fla 1. little images of Buddha, andconical figura, moulded o£ clay aDd

used al aacri6.ces Se/J. 194:,206; tid -10."plaet for keeping them G.; ig. U-..aI Mt­yi (ui.6a .fro from his mouth proceededeones of fire PrJ.. - 2. JJtJL for r--dnighastily, quickfyj tM-ba-tllld sfew, stowty.

t.':::f}-;:q' faa.-r~Wg v. hti~.~

~.;3.=..' fId·zar 1". ~ti-dar.

t.·9 6a--rdg T. tia--dTdg.

t.._. {$Q..nj; lamb-sIIin, ·(,ar.tdg· W. coat.~ mMle o£ lamb-ikin8.

~.ar tid-fa a. kiud of medicine ,\ltd., ace.to Wdit. _ du,.·6ur.

t.-er tia-lli 1. "bo mtMJ .l",.cy) cock, ~!la(.po}tId-l.. Wdn., c.; lD 1I~ applied

ooly to red-brtuted cocks, frOID "ltJol ver­milion (&11. ben?). - 2. v. {Jd1.,bo.t.T'-l.V'q' fsa-litftf,..pa C. sweet orange, frq.

"'" ' i 0 sa~.r.:t {Id-u 1. &k. llP" lld. W1l1. Pm.

~, Ar. ~. boraX,~~

444

fsag

rtsi boracic acid Cs.;fsa-le byed-pa to solder

Sch.(?~). --2. fsd-le zdn-po Lh., n. of a

flower, Hemerocallis fulva.

fsag, 1. v. fsags. 2. fsdg-sgra an

appalling tone &A(?); *fsag gyab* W.

a stinging pain is felt. 3. *fsag-ug, fsag-

yd* W. twins; *fsag-lug* twin-sheep.

fsdg-pa (cf. Ofsdg-pa), mar fsdg-pa

oil-miller Sch. fsdg-ma sieve, filter,

also fsags, q.v. *fsag-re* bolting-cloth,

bolter C.,W. fsag

- ro residuum after

sifting, as bran etc.

f^g -fsig dark spots or speckles,

on wood etc. Mil.;freckles C.

fsag-fse bruised barley or wheat Sch.

sa flesh of larger animals, of

cattle etc.

fsags 1. cap, gos-fsdgs coat and capDzL 2. = fsdg-ma, fsags

-kyis,

btsagsLex.', ko-fsdgs a sieve made of leather,

the one most in use; Krol-fsdgs= fsdg-ma

Lex.; nya-fsdgs weel

,for catching fish C.

- 3. thin-split bamboo, for making baskets

Sik. 4. Sch.: 'the right sort, a choice ar-

ticle, fsags- bzdh byds-nas making a good

choice'. 5. density (?) *fsag-can, fsag-fug-mo* W. standing close together, e. g. trees,

books; fsags-ddm dense and strong, as stuffs

Sch.;

so fsags-dam-zin the teeth standingclose and firm Glr.; *fsag co-te dug* sit

close together! Ld.; fsags-lhod not dense

or compact Sch.; relative density. 6.

fsags byed-pa (W. *cd-ce*\ fsdgs-su jug-pa and cud-pa Mil. to save, spare, lay upas provision for the future, fsepyi-mai grabsci yah fsdgs-su ma cud 1 have not made

any provision yet for the future life Mil.;to economize, to be sparing, me-la of the

fire; to be niggardly; fsdgs- dod-can stingy,

griping, avaricious.

^rw fsan 1. nest, byd-fsah S.g. ;

fsan bzo-ba

to build a nest Sch.; den, hole, lair,

kennel, burrow, stdg-fsan, wd-fsan, pyi-fsan

(cf. pyi-ba); cell, honey-comb, hive, sbrdn-

fsan Cs. - - 2. variously applied to human

places of abode: ynas-fsah habitation, house;fsdn Ocd-ba to build a nest, to establish a

(5bE^"^r fsan-ra

household Schr.; grwa-fsan v. grwa ;

*fab-

fsdn* in W. the common word for kitchen,

ysol-Kah being the resp. term for it; fsdn-

zla perh. brothers and sisters, beside pa-ma Mil. 3. v. Otsdh-ba.

ebR'C* fsdn-nu cradle Sch.

fsdh-ba I. vb., pf. fsans, to be complete,

full, entire, zld-ba dgu fsdh-ba-na,fsdn-ba dan, fsdn(s)-nas when the nine

months were full, completed DzL, zld-ba

fsdn - du nye- bos towards the end of the

months of pregnancy DzL;*dd-wa fsan son

= bud son* W. the month is completed, is

expired; rgydl-po ycig (also ycig-gis} mafsdn-ba-la as one king was still wanting,the number not being yet complete DzL;fsah-nas yod they are complete (in number)Pth.

II. sbst. (seldom) completeness, entire-

ness, yin-min-gyi(s) ma-fsdn-ba byun-nawhen there is no completeness, no absolute

certainty as to right and wrong.III. adj. 1. complete, entire; more frq. :

2. having things complete, yon - tan de - fso

fsdn-bai bu-mo a girl in full possession of

all these qualities Pth.; Ka-dog Ina fsan-ba

having all the five colours complete Glr.;

dbdh-po ma-fsdn-ba one not infull possessionof his five senses Glr. tsdn-ma 1. whole,

entire, perfect (the usual adjective form),

bya-prug tsdn-ma zig a perfect young bird,

i.e. perfectly developed DzL 2. esp. W.

all, for tams-cdd. - - *fsdh-ka* W. all to-

gether, in all, with regard to smaller numbers.

fsdn-po forming a whole. fsan-skdm

perfectly dry, fsan-rlon perfectly wet; fsan-

O grig all right, frq., *fsan-dig)h/-pa or co-

;>/>* wCO r F

<3fc*e&t' faun-fa) Cs - : wood, grove, copse,

thicket; Sch. : a wild, dismal place ;

fsan-fsih Krigs-pa Sch.: 'dense thicket;

horrible and awful'; 'fsah-fsih srid-pai ynasthe horrible existence in the external world

Mil.*

fsan-yd double-barreled gun C. and W.

fsan-ra v. Jsan-ra.

«I£J:.::r: ('tJlt·ra

household &hr.; grll'a-6ali v. gT"lJX).; -fab­(,ali- in lv. the common word for kitchen,ya&Mfwi. being the resp. term for it; (Mill­zla perh. brothers and sisters, beside tfa­md Jllil. - 3. v. _tldii-ba.

~:C: {,on_iiu cradle Sch.~

ifJ=...=f Udii-ba I. vb.,p£. faa,uJ to beCClDlplete,full, entire, zlli-bD d!JU fldli-ba-na,

faQli - Oa daJi, 6dn(')-1Ia1 when the nioemonths were full, completed D:1., Zw.-bafadli - dlt "!p - baa to1l'Atds the e.od of themonth! of pregnaney D:l.; -dd-lCa wuiHri- bwJ. so,,- IV. the month is completed, i.expirM; rgyal-po }'Cig (also r/:ig-git) WlatMiJi-ba./a as one king was still 'ranting,the namber no~ being yet complete D::l.;faali·"uJl yod they are complete (in number)Pflo. -

11. sbtol. (seldom) eompleltnal, entft.ness, yi,.,.",in-gyi(,) ".a-fadli·ba Oywi-Itawben there is no completeness, no "bsolotecertainty as UJ rigb~ IUId 'lIV1'Ong. -

ill. :ldj. 1. tompfeft, entire; more frq.:2. having things complete, y6tl- taA dJ _ {IO

fadri-bai ~-1JIO a girl in full possession ofall tbese qualities Pd,.; ta~dfJ ilia "'a,,-babaving :III tbe live coloQrs wmplete Glr.;d/xili-po ma-fiWi·lJa one not in full possessionof bis live senses Glr. - uari-ma 1. whole,entire, perfect (tbe usual. adjective form),b!Ja-ftritg b6ri-11Ia zig lI. perfect yOlUlg bird,i.e. perfectly developed Dzl.. - 2. esp. IV.all, for tama-Clid. - -t'a6ri-ka- Wall to­gether, inall, witb regard to smal1ernumben.- faori-po forming lI. wbole. - (3an04hlmperfectly dry, faari..,./dn perfeclly wet.; (3ali·ogrig all righi, frq., -{6a,;-(lig)M-pa or c0­te" IV.~c:::~: {6ari-6iJi, Ca.; wood, grove, copse,

thicket; &h.: "wild, dismal plue;(,an - {6iri olCrlga - pa &h.: 'dense thicket;horrible and awful'; '{6ari-6i1i 'rid-pai)'llalthe horrible existence in the external worldMil.

~1Jf tian-yd double·barreled gun C. and W.

JUl' horftcie acid Ct.; (,a,../, flybJ-pa to BolderSch.(?). - 2. tId-i, zdIj - po Ln., n. of aflower, IIf"W/UOC(J,lli& fulea.~ 6af!, J. v. f'4{Jt. - 2. 6dg-'fl1'a an

appalling lone ScA.(?); ·(tag 9!1ah* W:a 8tinging paiD is felt. - 8. *40g..(w!J, 6ag­ya'* W: twins; ·60g-lf,!f twin-sheep.

~'f uag.". (d.•uag.".), m~ uag.".oil-mi1ler &It. - fidg-ma sieve, filler,

also UagI, q. v. - *fIog.,.," bolting-cloth,bolter C., W: - fwg. rd residuum aftersifting, as bran etc..~~ (tag - (,ig dan spob or speek/e$,

on wood etc. MIl j freckles C.

~;S: fwg-fu bruised barley or Wllel' &h.

~..cr bdg - Ja flesh of larger animals. ofcattle etc.

~'"'f 6agI 1. cap, got-bdgI coal:uJd capD:/.. - 2. - mg-..a, 64gl- kyia,

bUagfu,z.; J».flti,. .. sieve made of leatherh · 't e one most m lISe; ltd-lidO- _ bdg--maLa. j "ya-6d!J* weel, for catching fish C.- a. thin-spla bamboo, for making basketsSii. - 4. &I..: 'the right sort, a choice ar.ticle, nag,-kdR b!ldl-Nu making a goodchoice', - 5. density(?) *tidg-<a", fIag-fWg­mo· W. stAnding close together, e. g. trees,books; (~dm dense and strong, as 8tufl'~

&14.; to ltagt-dam-ziti the teeth standingclose :lnd 6rm Glr.; -6ag co-k d1lfl sitdose together! Ld.; fla9'-lhoa not denseor compact &h.; relative density. - G.f3tJ~ byM_pa (lV: -eo-te"), f3dg_u oJug­po. and 'U.d-pa Mil. to save, spare, ray upILS pro\·isioo for the future, fu pyi-mai graNU !}tJli tldg34U ma Cud 1 llal'e 1I0t mlldeany prol'ision yet for the future life Mil'to economize, to be sparing, m~-la of th'~fir:~ to be n~g~lI.rdly; f'dgll-odod-can slingy,grlpmg, avariCIOUS.ifJ=.: f3a'i 1. nest, byd.-6ali S.g.; {,an b::d-ba

to build n nest Self.; den, hOle, lair,kennel, burrow, ,tlig-fami, wli-f&lIi pyi-fam;(cf. p'yi-ba); cell, honey.comb, hi:e, sbrliJi­',a'; c.. - 2. variously applied to humanplacea of abode: rmu-(,wj habitation house'htbi ;U-ba to boild.n nest, to. esu:.blish ~ ifJ=..'z.;, {'tJn-ra v. ouwi..,.a.

faana

445

fsaiis, W. *ku-liy-gi fsatis*, key-hole,

col. for mfsams (?).

/s/}.s-y> (ovitl. preterite of Ofsd/i-

ba) i. purified, clean, pure, holy,

fmitts-[>ur yyur ciy prob. be clean! be for-

given! Dzl. po%, 13; ^gyod-fsdns, mfol-fsdris,

v. the two; fsuits-par spy6d-pa, fsdns-pai

spyod-pa spyod-pa, fsdt'ts-par mfsuns-parspydd-pa I. to be clean, chaste, holy, to do

what is right, to lead an honest, upright

life. 2. to be a priest, to belong to a holy

order, and as sbst. priest, cleric; mi-fsans-

par spydd-pa, not to be clean, chaste etc.,

esp. with bud-med-la to commit one's self

with a woman Mil. fsans-skud, Sch.:

'holy cord, the bond of spirits' (?) fsans-

tig equator, prob. of Cs.'s construction, cf.

dguii extr. --2. ?r^ Brahma, an Indian

deity transplanted into Buddhism;he is oc-

casionally called Ihu cen-po (Glr.) and pro-verbial for his melodious voice, yet other-

wise not of any consequence. fsdns-pai

bu-ga = tn(s6g-ma Med., Pth.

fsad (cf. fsod) 1. measure, a. in a general

sense, size: ce-cun-gi fsdd-la accordingto the size, in size Glr.; mi- fsad size of a

(full-grown) man Tar.;sku-fsdd stature, size

of body, resp. Glr.; zld-bai dkyil-Jtor-yyi

fsad the size of the moon's disk Sty. ;stobs

gyad stobs-po-cei fsdd-du pyin-te his strengthwas equal to that of a powerful athlete Dzl.

;

*iu sum-aii fsad to gos* W. make it thirty

cubits in size;Kam-fsdd-du ycod-pa to cut

into bits piecemeal Dzl.', cu-rgyun Kyab-fsdd-du as far as the waters covered it Tar.;

nom-fsad(-du) Otun-ba to drink one's fill;

ynds-fsad seems to express chronology Wdk.;mnan-tsad direction how the pulse is to be

felt (or pressed) Med.; Kyed-mams-kyi cos-

bslab-fsad according to your view of reli-

gious studies Mil.; drd-fsad thermometer,

gran-droi fsad id.; yau-lcii tsad barometer;

mfo-dman-gyi fsad scale for the rising and

falling (of the barometer) ;all these appear

to be proposals of Cs. for the respective

physical terms; pa-fsdd distance (v. sub

pa IT)-, fsad-med(-pa) unmeasured, immea-

surable, innumerable, e.g. yon-tan Dzl. ; fsad-

med(-pa) bit the four immeasurable* (viz.

merits): bydms-pa, snyi/i-rye, dkd-ba and

btan-snydm Dom.,spyod~pa to practise them,

fob-pa to attain to them Dzl.', na-ba mitsad yzan yah an infinity of others besides

me Mil.

b. the full measure, which is not short

of the proper quantity, standard, fsdd-du

pyin-pa, skye-ba (Sch. also Ky6l-ba) to grow,so as to reach the proper measure; fsdd-

du skyes-pa grown up, full-sized, adj. Dzl.\

*fse' zdg-pa* to set up a pattern, or as a

pattern 6'. fsad-lddn right (as weight), about

the same as 'gaged', just, fair, with regardto persons (ni f.) 6'.

c. the right measure, which does not ex-

ceed the proper quantity: fsdd-ycod-pa to

limit, bed- cod the enjoyment Mil.; bza-btuh-

la to observe the proper measure in eatingand drinking, *fse

>

dzim-pa, or zdg-pa* C.

id.; fsad-las Odd-ba, fdl-ba to exceed the

proper measure frq. ; yid-pdm-pa-la fsdd-

las Odds-pa yon the dejection increases to

an excess Mil. To 1, a. may be referred

d. those instances in which the word assum-

ing the character of an affix serves to form

abstract nouns, such as ydens-fsdd, or rtogs-

fsdd, Mil. in several passages (cf. also fsod)

further to 1, b may be reckoned e. the sig-

nification all, dge-ba byed fsad all the pious

Pth., to which also Tar. 54, 15 may be re-

ferred; sna-fsdd of every kind, of all sorts

Glr.; *ze fse' cu'-du so/'t C. all his eating

agreed with him extremely well; Odir Id&m-

bu-ba byun fsad all the beggars that show

themselves here Mil.;mi yons tsad all the

people that come; snaii tsad cos-skur sar

all that happens appears as cfa-sku Glr.;

ysuh. fsad all that is ordered, proclaimed

Sch.; fsogs fsad all the people assembled

Sch.;and f. enough, esp with a negation:

Odra-ba mi tsad not having enough of the

comparisons, not resting satisfied with them;

*ma fsdd-de* W. = ma zdd-de B. not only.- 2. a certain definite measure, in com-

pounds : dpag-fsad a mile, sor-fsdd an inch :

also pleon. Knt-fsad an ell C*. = Km. 3.

goal, mark, the point to which racers run C.

&.~ ('11"', W. °kN_Iiy-gi (.ari.o, key-hole,001. for m('(l1I" (?).

~~·.::r (IIdn.-JXl (~vid. preterite of o(.d';.ba) I. punfied, clean, PUTt, holy,

(,an'-par !lYur cig prob. be c1llnn! be for­given! Dzl. ?O~, 13; o9!JOd-(.d,i', m(ol-(,a,iI,v. tile two; (atin.-par 'pydd-pa, (uhi'-pai~p!Jlki-pa 'P!lJd-p", ("dni-pal' m(lu"'-parlJ'yM-pa L to be clean, chaste, boly, to doWllllt is right, to lead an honest, uprightlife. 2. to be a priest, to belong to a holyorder, and l\S sbst. priest, cleric; mi-(,mi.·par '1'ydd-1'a, not to be clean, chllSt.e etc.,esp. with bud-mU-la to commit one's selfwitli a womAn Mil. - (,a,il - akild, Sci•. :'holy cord, the bond of spirits' (?) - (ta".­(ig equator, prob. of C,,'I construction, cf.dgu,. utr. - 2. q, Brahma, an Indiandeity t1'lUlspmnted into Buddhism; he is oc­cnsionally called lha chi--po (GIr.) nod pro-­verbinl for his melodious voice, yet other­wise not of any consequence. - (,an.-paibiI-ga = tut'tdg-ma Med., 1'th.£::;; (sad (d. (1011) 1. measure, n. in a general

seDse, size: 'h-Uui-gi (sdd-la nccordingto the size, in size Gir.; mi.flad size of a(full-grown)man Till'.; d:u-flddstature, sizeof body, resp. GIr.; :ld-hai dJ.'!jl1-iMr-g!Ji{,ad tbe size of the moon's disk Stg.; "obegyad atdhl-po-cei (,ad-du py(n-te his strengthwas equal to that of a. poll'erful athlete D::l.;ofu .um-Cui. (.ad ro fJOI" W. make it thirtyeubitll in size; J..'am-{.dd-du yMd-pa to cutinto bits piecemenl D::l.; eu-rflYim Ilyab­(ldd-du ft.S far as the wliters covered it Tar.;n61'11-(.ad(-du) .tU,i-ha to drillk one's fill;YlldJ-(sad seemsto e:lpresschronology Wdk.;mnan-t,ad direction how tue pulse is to befelt (or pressed) Md.; fyM-rnama_kyi MI­b31ab-(,ad IIcoording to your "iew of reli­giOIlS studies Mil.; drd-fJad thermometer,[lfan-droi ('ad id.; yan-Icii tsad baromet.cr;m(Q.dman-gyi (sad sCtlle for tbe rising andfalling (of the barometer); all these :\ppearto be propoSllls of CI. for the respectivephysical terms; Fa· (,dd distance (v. subpa JI); (,ad-mhJ(-pa) unmeasured, immea·iurable, innumerable, e.g. ydn-tangl~h fwd.,.

~. ('ad

m«1(-pa) bZi the four immcuurabletl (viz.merits): bydml-pa, 'JI!J"i-r)t, dJ.:d-ba andbtat'-1I1yQrn J)UlII.,'pyod-]J(J to practise them,(ob-pa to atl.llin to t!lem D:l.; ;,a-hal mitlad yzan !Jati an infinity of othera bellidesme Mil.

b. the full measure, Wllich is not shortof the proper qunntil)', standard, (Wd-dup!Jin-pa, d;!JUa (&h. also oJ...lydl-ba) to grow,so AS to reACh the proper measure; (raJ.­du dyes-pa grown up, full-sizcd, adj. D:l.;·61 zag-pa" to set up a patt.ern, or as apntlern C. (Iad-lddn right (as weight), aboutthe same as 'gaged', just, fair, with regardto persons (ui f.) C.

c. the right measure, which does not n·ceed the proper quantit),: (uid-yrod-pa tolimit, btd-CQd the enjo)'ment MiI.; bza-htilil­la to obsen'e the proper measure in eatingand drinking, "(S!)' dzlm-pa, or zdg-pa° C.id.; (sdd-fat odd.oo, (dl-ha to e.s:ceed tbeproper measure fl"q.; yid-pdm-pa-la hdd­lat .ddl-pa yon the dejection increases to

an C:lCCSS .Mil. - To 1, a. ma)' be refemdd. those insUlnces in which the word assum­ing the character of an affix serves to formabstract nouns, such as ydtn.-fldel, or ,.tog.­(sdd, Mil. in se\"enll passages (cf. also (1fOd)

furtber to 1, b mny be reckoned e. the sig­nification all, dgl-ba b!JCd (sad all the piousPtll., to wbich nlso Tar. M, 15 ma)' be re­ferred; Ina-(sdd of every kind, of all sortsGlr.; "::~ (Ii t{t-du son C. all his eatingagreed with bim extremely well; odir ldolTl­bu-ha byu,; (sad nil tbe l>cggars thtU. showthemseh'cs here Mil.; nil' yon. (lad all tbepeople th.t oome; IIlwi (sad Co.-.I..."r iarall that happens appears lUI ldf-d.'Il Gir.;ysuil (sad nil tbat is ordered, proclaimed&11.; (sog. (,dd all the people assembled&11.; and f. enough, esp. witb a negation:"d,.a-ba mi flad not bu\"ing enougb of thecomparisons, not rcstingsatisGed with tbem;°ma (.dd-de- lV. = ma zdd-de n. not only.- 2. a. certain definite measure, in 0011I­

pounds: dpag-(.Jd a mile, __{.dd an iocb:also pIcou. I.!ru.(,ad an ell Ct. _ I!fK. - 3.g0-b mar~ tbo llOint to which racers run C.

446

C]" fsdd-pa'

fsab

4. tsad rgydg- pa to guess, conjecture,

suppose Sch., cf. t'sod. 5. sometimes for

fsdd-pa heat; for fsad-ma logic, dbu-t'sdd

Madhyamika logic Tar. 179, 17, &?A/.

fsdd-pa I. sbst. 1. heat, in gen.; fsad-

pa byun-fse when it grows hot Glr.',

fsdd-pas ydun-ba to be tormented by the

heat Glr.', fsdd-pas, or vulg. fsdd-pa-nas,

pog-pa to be struck by the heat, to receive

a sun-stroke;also to be taken ill with dys-

entery, to which the Tibetans, used to the

dry atmosphere of the northern Himalaya,are very liable, when during summer they

venture into the southern subtropical re-

gions; fsdd-can hot, e.g. i/ul; fsad-lddnprob.

id.; me-bum fsdd-can, Lt. a hot cupping-

glass (?). 2. morbid heat of the body, fever

( W. *fsan-zug*) ; fsad-pai nad id., but also

dysentery, v. above Glr., C.; fsad-pa zag-

ynyis-ma tertian fever Schr.; gya-fse' Sik.

Indian or jungle-fever; *ron-fse'* Sik com-

mon intermittent fever. - - II. vb. Cs. : to

measure,= fsdd-du byed-pa, fsad ^dl-ba.

*

fsdd- bu grasshopper, locust Sch.

Tfsad~ma

-> WTWCs--' 'measure, rule,

model, proof, argument; logic'; fsdd-

ma-pa, or -mfcan, Cs. logician, dialectitian;

fsdd-mai bstan-bcos a dialectical work Pth.;

fsad-ma yzun an original work on dialectics

Cs.;fsdd-ma Ogrel-ba commentary to it Cs. ;

sans-rgyds-kyi bka fsad-mar bzdg-pa the

words of Buddha reduced to a dogmatical

system (?) Pth. fsdd-ma kun- dus, fsdd-ma

sde bdun titles of books mentioned by Was.

- fsan, 1. a root = fsa in fsd-ba hot, warm

C. and B. ; fsdn-mo (*fsem-mo*), in W.

*fsdn-te*, e.g. with cu, *cu fsem-mo* C., *cu-

tsdn* W., hot water Dzl., warm water Lt.;

zan-dron fsdn-mo warm food Lt.', cu-skol

fsdn-mo boiling water Mng.; *sa tso-pa fsem-

mo* boiled meat, in Lhasa brought warmto the market; *fsen- di tdn-wa* C. to pro-ceed capitally against, ni. f.; tsdn-te sharp,

biting, pungent, W. also sbst. : spice, esp. red

pepper. fsan-zug W. fever. fsan-ro

Sch.: 'hot, the sensation of heat'. 2. =fsd-bo: *pa-fsen* cousin by the father's, *ma-

fsen* by the mother's side C.; pa-fsdn also

=pa-spun', Ku-fsdn v. Ku-bo. 3. series,

order, class, sde-fsdn id.; b%i-fsdn a class

or collection of four things, tetrad Gram.',

drug-fsdn-du sdebs-pa to put together in

classes of six Mil.; don-fsdn Tar. 96, 14,

a certain class of ideas, range of thoughts

Schf. 4. as termination of some collec-

tive nouns: ynyen-fsdn, nye-fsan kindred,

relations, nye-tsdn bdud-kyi bsol- debs yinMil.

; blon-po-fsan Ind-po the five embassies,

ni f. Glr. 5. ndn-fsan part, of a country,

district, Tar. 90, 20. 6. cos-fsan any treat-

ise under a distinct head or title in a volume

Cs. - - 1. difference Sch.;le-fsan different

divisions, sections, chapters. --8. much,

large, copious, great, *Ka tsan cin-te* W.

much deep snow; fsan-ce-ba, fsan-cen very

much, a great deal, las nan ni fsan-ce a great

many bad actions Thgr.', lo fsan-^ce-ba a

plentiful harvest, rich crop Glr.; hence fsdn-

po a dignitary, grandee Pth.; Kams-fsdn, i.

prefect of a provincial association, in large

convents, such as Sera and others. 2. asso-

ciation, club.

fsab (cf. Qtsdb-pa), representative, com.

fsdb-po C., W., *ko-la fsdb-po yod* he

has got a representative, proxy; in reference

to a thing: equivalent, substitute, des fsab

run it may be replaced by this, fsab run

tsam-mo this may perhaps be used as a

substitute Wdn.; *fdb-pii fsab co-ce* W. to

use as a mop ;nas fsab byao I shall supply

his place Tar.-, fsdb-tu instead of, in the

place of, mdr-mei instead of a lamp, for a

lamp Glr.;in W. *fsdb-la* very common.

Chiefly in compounds: sku-fsdb resp.=

fsdb-po representative of a superior, hence,

as may be the case, vice-roy, delegate, com-

missioner, agent. rgyal-fsdb v. rgydl-ba.

do-fsab Schr. prob.=

fsdb-po= sku-fsdb.

rta-fsdb a thing given as an equivalent

for a horse Cs. -- nor-fsdb goods serving

as a compensation for something else. pa-fsdb guardian, trustee. bla-fsdb represen-

tative of a Lama, Vice-Lama. -- bu-fsdb

adopted child, foster-child. mi-fsdb Schr.

negotiator, mediator; hostage (?).

44'

- 4. (sad rgydg. pa to guess, conjecture,suppose &h., cl. fsOO. - 5. sometimes forfsdd-pa heal; for f3ad·ma logic, dbu-fsddMadbyamilm logic Tal', ]79, 17, &hjcS,~\tr fsdd-pa 1. shat. 1. hea~ in g:en.; {sdd-

pa bywj.(st when it grows hot Glr.;(sdd-p(U rdil/j.ba to be tormented by theheat Gir.; (sdd-pa3, or vulg. 6dd-pa-lllU,pog-pa to be struck by the heat, to receivea sun-stroke; also to be taken ill with dys­entery, to which the Tibetans, used to thedry atmosphere of the northern Himalaya,are very liable, when during summer theyvcnture inw we southern subtropical re­gions; (8dd-i:an hot, e.g. ytll; fsad-lddn prab.id.; me-bUm (sdd-ean, Lt. a bot cupping­glass (?). 2. morbid heat oftbe body, fever(Tv. ·(san-zug*); 4ad-pai nad id., but alsodysentery, v. above Glr., C.; had-pa :ag­rny{So.ffla tertino fever Sd<r.; 9!1a· (8~' Sik.Indian or jllngle-fever; -''01i-(s~'" Sik com­mon intermittent fevtlr. - II. vb. C3.: tomeasure, _ had-du bykJ..pa, (rod Jal-ba.

cS,\'~' (sad-obu grasshopper, locust &11.

cS'\',Jf 6ad-ma, lf1ff1JI' C3 ... 'measure, rule,model, proof, argument; logic'; (sad­

ma-pa, Of' -mRan, C3. logician, dialectitillD;(Bdd-mai bstan-bCd3 a dialcctical work. Hit.;(,ad--ma riun an original work on dialecticsu.; (sad-ma "grelJJa rommentary to it {''3.;.a,"a-1"fJ!Id.-kyi bka had-mar b:ag-pa thewords of Buddha reduced to R dogmaticalsystem (I)I'th. -fsad-ma /...-un-odus, (,ad-masde bdlln titles of books mentioned by Was.~ (ro1t, 1. a root _ (sa in (sJ,..ba ho~ warm

C. and n.; (sdn-mo (~(#m-mo~), in W:~fJdn-U'~, e.g. with Cu, ~Cu (s/m-mQ- C., - Cu­taun- lV.. hot water Dzl., warm water Lt.;~an-drQn (sun-mo warm food Lt.; Ju-sMlf¥lin-mo boiling water lJrig.; ~Aa ta!-:..pa him­"IQ~ boiled meat, in Lhasa brought warmto the JllRl'ket; -(BpI-o(U taTi-ll'a- C. to pro­ceed capitally against, ni. f.j fBdn-te sharp,biting, pungent, IV, also sbst.: spice, esp. redpepper. - 'san_J:ug lV, lever. -(san~rdSch.: 'hot, the sensation of heat'. - 2. =fJa-bo .. -p"a-farn- cousin by tb.e father',. -mar

~. (8ab

6/n· by the mother's side C,; pa-(sdn also= pa-4lpUn; h-u.(sdn v. Ilu-oo. - 3. series,order, class, &de-(san ill.; bJ:i-fBJn a classor collcction of four things, tetrad Gram.;drug.han-du sdibB-pa to put together inclasses of six Mil.; don-(8dn Tar. 90, 14,a certain class of ideas, range of thoughtsSell/. - 4. us termination of some collec­ll"c nouns: fnyen-(sdn, nye-faan kindred,retations, n!Je-t8dn bdUd-kyi biol-odibs yin.11il.; bMn-po-fBan llid-po the flye embassies,ni f. Glr. - 5. ndri-(san part, of a country,district, Tal'. 90, 20. - 6. lOB-fum any lreat~

ise under a distinct head or title in a volume£4. - 7. difference Sch.; ie-fran differentdivisions, sections, ohapters. - 8. much,large, copious, great, -Ita taan Cin ~ te - w:mllch deep snow; (san-U-ba, (;an-een verymUCh, a great deal, las ndn 'Ii fBan·le a ~reat

many bud actions Tllgr.j 10 (8an-ce-ba aplentiful han-est, rich crop Gir.; bence (sdn­po a dignitary, grandee Pth.; lfaTIM-(sdn, l.

prefect of a provincial association, in largeconvents, sucb I\S Scra and others. 2. as.ciation, club.cS::l' (sab (d. o/Bdb'pa), representative, com.

(sdb-po C., lV., -l.!d-la (sdb-po yod" hehas gota rcpresentath'c, proxy; in refcrenceto II thing: equivalent, substitute, des (sabruli it may be replaced by this, (oob rUlitsam-mo tltis may perhaps be used as asubstitute lVdli.; -(db-P'ii (sah M-cc- IV touse as a mop; nlU (sab byao I shan supplyhi~ plnce Tar.; (8ab-tu instead of, in theplace of, mar-mci instead of a lamp, for alamp Gir.; in lV. ·(sdb-la- ycry common.Chiefly in compounds: 8ku - (sdb tesp. _(sab-po representative 01 a superior, hence,as may be thc case, ,ice-roy, delegate, com­missioner, agent - rgyal-(sdb v. 'I'!T!/dl-ba.- do-hab $chI'. prob. = (8db-po - sJ.'U-(sdh.- I'ta-(8db a thing given as an equivalentfor a horse G. - fU)T'-fBdb goods servingas a compensation for something else. - fa­(sdb guardian, trustee. - bla-(sdb represen­tath'e of a Lamll., Vice-lama. - bu-udbadopted child, lOIter-child. - mi-(8db Stl".negociator, mediator; hostage(l).

* 447

/>/</

W.

fsab-fsdb, mig fsab-fsdb

to blink or twinkle with the eyes 6'.,

! mostly with &, ctn-po, very

great, very much, W/v/-/>a fsabs-c-

/xirOdiig it proves a very great sin, mgd-

bo Jior fsabs-ct-na when much dizziness

intervenes Lt.; *tiin-dh(iit-gal fsab ccm-po*

C.j great, serious transgression; Ogdl-t'sabs-

can sinning heinously. 2. tsdbs-pa and

-po Cs., who also designates it as resp., peril,

fear, sin (rather questionable); difficulty,

trouble (mightperh. be more adequate); bud-

nn'd ^6-fsabs-la pan Wdn. it is of use in.

milk-diseases of the women.

r team-dam noisy, blustering, alarming

Sch.

(cf. fsdm-pa, fe-tsoni)

doubt, hesitation, wavering, fsam-fsum byed-

pa to doubt, hesitate, waver; fsam-fsum-can,

fsam-me-fsom-me doubtful, wavering, unde-

cided, pan-tstin pydg-la fsam-me-fsom-mdr

liis-pai fse whilst both of them were un-

certain as to saluting (who should salute

first) Pth.

*

fsai-tau (Chinese) chopping-knife C.

"

fsai-skydgs scoop, basting-ladle C.

* fsar 1. also fser time Pth. vulgo; fsar-

ycig one time, once;fsar ycig-la also

=srib-ycig-la in one moment; fsar ysum

threefold, in three specimens, copies Tar.;

fsar bzi Dzl. 9^L-> 8, in four divisions, sorts,

qualities (?) 2. alsofsar-fsar ends of threads,

fringes, in webs, Ka-fsdr Ld. also ru-fsdr

fringes at the beginning, pon-fsar at the

end of a web Cs. --3. thin strips of cane,

for wicker-work, fsar-zdm cane-bridge C.

- 4. fsar-sldg v. fsa-ru. 5. v. Ofsar-ba.

fsar-bon officinal plant in Z/A., Car-

duus nutans, but not agreeing with

the description in Wdn.

fsdr-ma, fern, fsdr-mo Bal. old.

"

fsar- fsar v fsar l'.

fsal 1. provinc. also (sol, wood, grove,

as a place for hunting and recreation,

fsal stug-po Dzl.; nags-tsdl id.; garden, m-tog-gi flower-garden Ph.

;fsal yaii-t*e(Chin.)

C. kitchen-garden. 2. wnyu-gui-Ual one

kind of the fabulous food of man in the

primitive world Glr.\ also the 'un ploughedrice' is called Obras sa-lu-fsal. 3. v. mfsal.

fsdl-pa (Sch. tml-ba ?) 1 . also $in-

fsal chip (of wood), splinter, ndn-poa sharp, piercing splinter Dzl.

; billet Glr.;

thin board, veneer etc. ; shiver, fragment, fsdl-

pa bdun-du gas Dzl.; fsdl-bu dim in., small

chip or shiver W. :*fsdl-bu (on son* a small

piece is broken out. 2. bunch, of flowers,

of ears of corn etc,a lock of hair cut off W.

fsdl-ma vulgo for dro, breakfast, (sal-

ma za-ba to breakfast, fail-ma zd-

ba - rnams 'companions at a great man's

table' (?) Cs. ; fsdl-mai lam = fsa-ldm v. fsd-

ba extr.;fsal bog-pa

= dro btdb-pa to makea morning-halt on a journey; fsal-^rtih the

time from breakfast till dinner, opp. to snd-

oVo, q.v.

fsas (fsds-po Cs.) 1 . W. for fsal garden,

fsas-skor, tsds-Kan garden-bed, fsds-

mKan gardener. 2. of a woman in child-

birth: fsas-lcyis /so(?) Med.CSK

cb" fsi num. fig. : 48.

5jW fsi-ka (or fsi-rkat} C. furrow in a'

ploughed field.

^qr gcn-OT tei-gu, fsig-gu 1. kernel or

>J'

'

%J nut contained in the stone

of a stone-fruit, Kdm-bui of an apricot Lt.y

C. (W.: *rtsi-gu*}. 2. Ld. a large muller

orgrinding-stone=jw-/f/wi;musket-ball,bullet

5*q.fsi-ba C., W. *fsi* tough, viscous, sticky

matter, esp. clammy dirt, e.g. in the

wo'bl of sheep; fsi ddm-po solid dirt, bad-

kan-gyi fsi-ba Med. tenacious slime; f*i(-ba)

-can sticky, clammy, dirty; *fa'-<tu* W. dirty,

unclean, filthy, esp. in a religious sense,

*kyug-(lho* C.; *ne zug-po f&i-du son9says

a girl euphemistically for: I have the menses.

fsig 1. word, in its strict sense,1W&-

bar ysegs-pa, nf bde-ba dcui fsegs-pai

yni/is-las wd, bde-bar ysegs-pa are only

~',£::l' 6ab-tlf.ib

~.~ flab-ftdb, mifl f,(lb-(tdb byld-J1ato blink or twinkle witl. thc cyet C.,

also lV.cSq.w- (,a!Jt 1. m06tly witll &, Cit/-liO, very

grtat. wery much, td;!J'Jl6 (f«W- rI­bar _dug it l'rov('S II. very great SiD, "'g6-­bo _Cor 6IJbl-Ci.71U whcn mucb diuioeHintern'oM lA.; -i,nwlAtut-gsl6sb ~p6­C., great., serious transgression; _gdl-6aIM­ian ~ill'lillg heillou~ly. - 2. tadbf-pa and-po u., who &.Iso d igllates it as resp., ptri~

fur, sin (ralhcr qUl$tiollable); difficulty,troubfe (nligbtperll. be morcadequatc); 6Wd­7Itld ~o·64lJII-lcz iJQ.7I it'd... it is of U8C ill.milk-diSC!a5<:S of the womeo.

m~q' taall~am noisy, btusttring. alarming

a);rm ~~~ (lam-(,lim, 6am·(.o1n~ , {d. (.-1'", fl-twm)

t1GUbt, hesitation, wanring. r.a",-f,... byid­jJ4 to doubt. hesitate. wa,er; faglfl-6w",-(osll,

&a:M-"'~tio~doubtful, wavering, unde·cided. lia,.-tnlic pydfl-ls 6am-lHt'-f«JlPl-mi,.lit&-pai he ,,·hil.it both of them. were uo­certain :u to saluting (wbo should salutefirst) PtA.

~~. fasi-tcm (Cbineu) dlopping.knife C.

~W flaHkyOflt steoP. basting-ladle C.

~ lIa,. 1. also An- time 1'rh. vulgo; 6sr-rag ooe time, ooce; fsar fil9-la al!O

- ".w..rng-la io olle moment; (,ar ymmthreefold, in three specimens., copies TW'.;6a,. o:i D:l. ~,,-, 8, ill four <livisioDs, sorts,qUAlities(?) - 2. alsof,a""{,(u' ends 01 threads,fringes, ill webs, Ifa·(.dr Ld. also ru.uarfringes at the beginning, j;on.(,ar at theend of a. web L,. - 3. thin strips 01 cane,for \vicker-work, {sa,...:dtn enne-bridge C.- 4. {,ar~ldg Y. {sa-roo - 5. v. cfla,.-lx~.

~.l::!t:.. f,ar-bo,j officillall'lnnt in LA., Ca,.-dllln flulam. but not ngreeing .....ith

the dw:ription in Wd,,;.

£.1\:~r ('aNna, fem. luir-,,/O /Jal. old.

£.J:.'~" {1Q""$l1f \' {aa,. i.

..~ f'ig

cS':.!· wi l. provine. also fIol, WMd, grove,III a place for booting "nd recreatKm,

(aal'lwg-po D.:Lj fWlfl'.tldl id.; garden,.lJ-.100000i l1ower-gar<len Plio; 6uJ ywt-tu(Cm.)C kitcheo--ga.nlen. - 2. '''!IN-P'''fMl ODll

kind of the fabulous food of maD ill lMprimiti\'e world GIr.; .Iso the 'uoploughfilrice' is CAlled _orat to.-lu-6sL _ 3. Y."r.aL.t"..rq- adl-pa (&4. ""'"""'l I. a1.....

flal chip (of.-ood), splinter,~n sharp, piereing 'pHnter D:L; biI&et Gl,..;Utin board, veneer etc.; shiv!!'. tragmrnt, bd~po bdim-dl.l gat D:L; &dl-W dimin., , ••nchip or lihiver Iv.: -bdl-bw, foflIlOli- • smallpi~e is brokeo out.. - 2. bundl, of ll.ow.rs,ofcan of corn etc, • lock of bir cut of tv.¥-r~' luil_a vulgofordro, breakfast, fIal..

Ina ::s-ba to breakfast, ftdt- :6­bA - nlalRl 'companions at a gJa' mao'stable'('!') Ca.; fsdl-JntJi la.. - 6a-ld., Y. t»­oo extr.: flalOOg-jJ4 - dro btDb-p4 to makea morniDR-halt 00 lljoumC)'; 6aJ.-rtiit tb.time from bl'f;ll.k&.st till dinller, opp. to &ltd­dro, q. \'.~~ 6tu (f.ub.po u.) 1. lV. for fIal pnIen,~, Uds-l'aoi gl'fden-bed, 6da­

",fan gardener. - 2. of a woman ill child­birtb, ""'-¥ yso(J) M«i

~ hi num. fig.: 48.

~1Tf {nola (or fli· rkat) C. tlllTOW in &

. ploughed field.~m' ~"''':rr fR-gt,. 6ig-gt' 1. kernel or

.J' """1.,] nut cootained in the stooeof a stone-fruit, £dm-bui of aD apricot Lt.,C. (IV.: ·rm-g":). - 2. Ld. l\ IIfJ;e mull!!'orgrinding·stone- j/t-lr'tIII;mu,ket-ball,bullet.~.q' f,i-ha C., W: ·{u" tough, viscous, sticky

matter, esp. clammy dirt. e.g. ill thewlnl of sheep; (,i dalll-po solid dirt, bdd·kan-.q!li (,i-M ..Med. tenacious slime; 6i(--ba)-Can sticky, clammy, dirty; -{';-<1u· W: dtrty,unclean, filthy, esp. in " religiou$ senst, ­-k!fU!J-4Ao· C.; -!It :(lg-po 6Wl" IO~· h)'S

a. girl euphemisticaH)' for: I hne 1111" mcnsu­~ 6ig J. word, in its strict sense, .~

lHv rUgl-pa ,..' /l(k..ba daoi lUg'~l:fitr~.a., bde-bar lWgt-pa are oilly

448

1-gu fsis

two words, viz. bde-ba and ysegs-pa Lex.;

Odri-bai fsig interrogative (word), such as

ci; fsig sgrig-pa to connect or arrange words;

as a sbst.: construction, the order in which

words are to be placed; grammatical form,

dd-ltar-gyi fsig form of the present tense;

fsig-grogs, fsig

-grogs

-kyi dbdn -gis Tar.;

Schf. : 'by the force of construction' (?) fsig-

Ogrel Tar. explanation of words; fsig- gros

Sch.: 'course Of speech, connexion of words';

fsig-prad, fsig-rgydn particle, a small word

not inflected; fsig-Jyru Schr.: a separate

word or syllable, fsig-Qbru-ynyer-pa Sch.

'linguist, philologist, purist'; fsig- bru-lcibs

Lex.? 2. word, saying, speech, subject of

a discourse, fsig -snydn(-pa} kind word,

friendly speech, fsig-jam id., brtse-bai fsig

an affectionate word Glr.]*fsig -sub* W.

hard, angry, bad words;*fsig-nan, fsig-

zur* W. id.; rtdg-par ma mfon-bai fsig fos-

nas always receiving the answer, that (she

who was sought) had not been seen; fsig-

med-par Ogyur-ba not being able to utter

a word (from pain) Dzl. ; but Ka-fsig-med-

par ysol-ba O debs-pa Mil. prob. to praywithout hypocrisy; fsig nyun-la don ce-ba

Mil. saying much in few words; fsig-Kydl-

pa = kyal-ka Dzl.', yzdn-gyi fsig ycod-pato interrupt one in his speech; fsig-ysal a

clear word, perspicuous style Cs.; fsig-Jbol

easy or fluent style Cs.; fsig-la mKas-pa skil-

ful in selecting words Cs.; bden-fsig v. bden-

pa extr.; brdzun-fsig falsehood, lie Cs.

cfcrTj'^Tr fsig-gu v. fsi-gu.

x|cn*n* fsig-pa 1. v. Otsig-pa. 2. sbst.,

W. also fsig-po anger, indignation,

vexation, provocation, fsig -pa zd-ba to be

angry Pth., frq.; *fsig(-po} Kol* W. his angerkindles.

]"J* tsig-po 1 .=

fsig Cs. 2. v. fsig-pa 2.

fsigs, less frq. tsigs-pa, fsigs-ma 1.

member between two joints, hence

fsigs-mtsdms joint S.g.', joint, sor- fsigs the

joints of the fingers, knuckles Cs.; fsigs Jbud-

pa Cs., *tul-ce, bog-ce* W. to put out of

joint, to dislocate, to sprain; fsigs jug-pato reduce a dislocated joint Cs.; fsigs-ndd,

fsigs-zug articular disease, pain in the joints,

gout; joint of the back-bone, vertebra; spine,

also sgal-fsigs, vulgo fsigs-rus, hence *fsig-

gur* W. hump, hunch; joint, knee, knot, sog-

fsigs knot of a stalk of corn or straw, smyug-

fsigs knot of cane Cs. ; member of a gene-ration Glr.

; metrical division, verse, fsigs-su

bead -de smrd-ba to speak in verse, fsigs

(-SM) bcad(-pa) strophe, stanza, fsigs -bead

byed-pa to compose verses, to speak inverse

Dzl.; dus-fsigs division of time, e.g. season

Pth. 2. fs-igs-ma sediment, residuum, re-

sidue, smdn-gyi of a medicine Dzl.; mdr-

gyi Dzl. olive -husks, oil-cake; fsigs -ro=

fsigs-ma.

fsib(s\ fsib-nad measles Sch.

^- to be content; gen. adj.

content, satisfied, satiated, consoled,

frq.: yid fsim-par gyur he was satisfied,

appeased, consoled; ji Od6d-pai yid tsim-ste

all her (their) wishes being satisfied Glr.;

dga-bdes fsim-par gyur-cin being indeed

over-happy Pth.; fsim-par byed-pa to satisfy,

with the dat. or accus. of the person.

xxrxxv fsim-tsim, miq fsim-fsim <duq C.CO^N CDCTN

' * y

the eye is dazzled.

. fsir order, course, succession, turn, prob.

only col., *nd-la fsir yon or bob* it is

my turn;

* nd - so fsir -la* succession by

seniority; *gdn-fsir zon-fsir* id.; *fsir-la,

fsir-du, fsir dan* by turns, every one in

his turn or course, one thing after the other.

"

fsir-ba v. fsir-ba.

jcj-n- fsil fat, not melted,

fsil - bu id. S.g. ;

lug-fsil mutton fat, pdg-fsil pork-fat,

bacon; Kdl-fsil, Kog-fsil, grod-fsil suet, lard

;

sbo-fsil bacon; lon-fsil intestinal fat. spra-fsil wax B., C. ( W. *mum*) ;

fsil-ku, liquid

fat, in the living body, or melted fat Pth.

fsil-can, fsil-lddn fat, fsil-me'd lean. -

fsil - ro remains of lard after melting.

fsil-subs l. straight-gut, rectumMed. 2. sausageCs.

"

fsil-din Ld. mortar and pestle.

fsis Mil., Thgy. prob. secondary form

of rtsis.

448

two words, vi?. bdt-ba and f~eg&-paLez.;odrirbai (gig interrogative (word), such asl:i; 6ig $fJrig-pa toconoect or arrange words;as a sbst.: construction, the order in whichwords are w be placed; grammatical form,dd-ltal'-fl!Ji (Jig form of the present tense;hig - !p"0g3, (gig-grOgs-fryi alxili -flU Tar.;Sclif.: 'by the force of construction' (?) fdy­o!J1"el Tar. explanation of words; (gig-oYrOs&!l.: 'ctlurse of speech, l;onnexion of words';tsiy-prad, fsig.rll!lan particle, a small wordnot inflected; f3ig - ofm'1- Sellr.: a separateword or syllable, fsig·obl'u-ynyer - pa SeA.'linguist) philologist., purist'; f8ig-/m.t-ICibsLez.' - 2. word, saying, speech, subject ofII discourse, ~i9 -mydn( -pa) kind word,friendly speech, uig-Jdm id., brne-hai 6(qan affectionate word Gir.; ·(s'9-sub· lV.ha.rd, llllgry, bad words; ·f.1zg-rian, fsig­ziJr* IV. id.; rtdnar rna rntO,j-bai {ug {03­

11118 always receiving the answer, that (shewho WllS sought) had not been seen; {3ig.med-po.r ogyUr-ba not being able kI uttera word (from pain) Dzl.; but /{a-6ig-mid­par }'3rJl-ba odib3-pa Mil. prob. to pmywithout hypocrisy; ~ig llyun.-14 don ci-baMil. saying much iu few words; 6jg-lfydt­pa -Iqjal-ka Dd.; rZdn-gyi {tig rl:cd-pato interrupt one in his speech; {3ifn~al aclear word, perspicuous style Ca.; 6ig -"baeasy or fluent styie Ca.; {3ig-14 m/{1I8-pa skil­ful in selecting words Ca.; bden-619 v. bdin­~ extr.; brdzUn-{sig falsehood, lie Ca.~'l:l'f hiV-gu v. 4i-gu.

~

~'Q' ~ig-pa 1. v. o~(g-pa. - 2. shst.,lV, also (sig-po anger, indignation,

vexation, provocation, 4ig-pa za-ha to beangry 11k, frq.; -fsig(-po) for W: his angerkindles.

~':q [sig-po 1.= fs19C3. - 2. v. fUg-pa:!.

~. f3jg3, less frq. t3fgs-pa, ~fg3-ma 1.member between ~wo joints, hence

{3igs-mMmII jointS.g.; joint, IJ()r-6J(gs thejoints ofthe fingers, knuckles c..; 6igs "bUd­pa G., -{lil-ce, brJg-U lV. to put out ofjoint., to dislocate, to sprain; 4igs Jug-pato reduce a dislocated joint Ct.; ~niid,

f3jg3-zilg articular disease, pain in the joints,gout; joint of the back-bone, vertebra; spine,also s.qa[-fug3, yulgo f3ig3-riu, hence -6J;g­flUr- W: hump, hunch; join~ knee, kIlot, 30'[1_

6igs knot. of a stalk of corn or straw, smyutrfBigs knot of cane c,.; member of a gene­ration Glr.; metrical division, verse, (3ig3-mbCdd-ik 3mrd-ba to speak in verse, 6igs('31J) lKad(-pa) strophe, stanza, {31'gs-bCddbycd-pa to compose verses, to speak in ve.rseDzl.; du&-tslfJs division of time, c.~. senson1'1h. - 2. f3(93-ma sediment, residuum, re­sidue, 3mdnwgyi of a medicine Dzl.; mdr­9.lIi Dzl. oliye-busks, oil..eake; (sig3-r&­fsig&-ma.

~(~r (3ib(s), {3(0-nad measles &h.

;{;;rQ- fsfm.pa vb. to be content; gen. adj.content, satisfied, satiated, consoled,

frq.: yid 6(m-par flYUT he was satisfied,appeased, consoled ;)i od&d-pai yid t3im-3teall her (their) wishes being satisfied Gtr.;dga-bdls f3(m.par 9yiLr-~iI being indeedover-happy Ptk.; {3im-parbytd-pa toSlltisfy,with the dat. or accus. of the person.~.~. {sim-13im, mi9 f3im-f3im odug C.

the eye is dazzted.~: (sir order, course, succession, tum, prob.

only col., -ild-la fsir '!JfJiI. or bab- it ismy tum; - nd - IJ() {3(r w 14 - succession byseniority; -9dn-{3ir zrJn-6Jir- id.; -f3ir.la,6ir-du, 4ir dan- by turns, e"ery Me inhis turn or course, one thing after the other.

~:.cr {3b'-ha v. 06Ir-oa.

~ {3il fat, not mel!(!d, {3il - bu id. S.g.;lug·f3il mutton fat, pdg·f3jl pork-fat.,

bacon; £di-6il, 1l000-f3i~ grrJd-f3il sue~ lard;3b&-6il bacon; lon.-f3il intestinal fat. - 3pra_fsit wax E., C. (lV. -mum-); 61l-AU liquidfat, in the living body, or melted fat PtA.- 6Jil-l:an, 6Jil-lddn fat, f3il-mtd lean. ­4il- 1"& remains of lard after melting. ­{3iWtib.<! I. straight-gut,rectumMed. 2.sausagec..-:rPr~1:: ftil-dill Ld. mortar and pestle_

Yf {S;3 Mil., Thgy. prob. secondary formo,£.,,"is.

44!)

< few 1. num. fig.: 78. 2. the contrary'

of pa II., root of the words signifying

hitherward, on this side; fm-Ka Cs. (fsur-Ka

q v.), more frq. fsu-rol this side (opp. to

/'-/"/), txit-rol-na adv. on this side, postp.

\\iih genit. adj. on this side; fxii-rol-tu, this

way, to this place; tsu-rol-nas from this

side; fsu-rol-pa one on this side, one be-

longing to this (our) party Stg. ;fsu-bi one

of this side, pa-bi one of the other side Cs.,

provinc. (?). Cf. tsun, fsur.

n'fsu-u(?) C., prob. Chinese, for the Ti-1N betan skt/ur-ru, ace. to some: vinegar,

ace to others: a pulpy product, prepared of

various kinds of fruit, mixed with vinegar,

sugar, and spices, and having been left to

ferment, used, like mustard, as a condi-

ment, which in India is called 'chutney'.

fsug 1. Sch,: 'group, object' (P); fsug-

so W. all the households or villages

placed under oneGopa. 2. rarely for tsug;

thus ji-fsug Glr. 49, inst. of ci-tsug.

f^g-pa^la} w- to>UP to til!

>

gan fsug-pa how far, how long?

*na Nyun-ti-ru cd-ce fsug-pa-la* until I goto Sultanpur; gan fsug-pa . . . de fsug-pa

so far as.

tsugs-pa 1 . v. Ofsugs-pa,- - 2. to

do one harm, to hurt, to inflict,

mostly with a negative, bar-cad ma fsugs-

par without having hurt me Mil.; nd-la

mes, nad-kyis etc. mi fsugs fire, disease etc.

can do me no harm, Glr., Mil., frq. 3.

sbst., also fsugs-Kan, W. *fsug-sa*, caravan-

sary, or merely a level, open place near a

village, where traveller's may encamp, or

where public business is transacted; also

for V7nn*n, hall of judgment; hospital.

fsud-pa v. Otsud-pa.

fsun = fsu 2., gen. with cad or cad or

la, signifying within, by, not later than,

as postp. c.accus., rabs bdun fsun-cdd within

seven generations, (they will be happy) even

to the seventh generation, Dzl. ; sdri-gi nyi-

ma -pyed fsun - la by to-morrow noon (it

must be finished) Glr.; *dd-wa ce' fsun 'd

leb* C. shall he come in less than half a

month ? bu dan bu-mo tsun-Udd even to the

children, not even the children being ex-

cluded Tar. 119,3.-Note. In the terms pan and (sun, like

yan and man(-cad), the significations given

by Cs.: from, from a certain place or time

forward, till, until, are not properly inherent

to the word, but are to be inferred in each

separate instance from the figurative appli-cation of the original sense of the root.

fsub-ma, Ofsub-ma storm, fsub-Mb,rlun-fsub gale, hurricane, Ka-fmb

snow -storm; bu-fsub (pu-tsubf) gust of

wind, (Ihd) Odrei bu-fsub whirlwind; fig.

prag-ddg-gi fsub-ma Mil. a violent fit of envy;

sems-fsub trouble of mind < s

^- tsur hither, to this place, hitherward (cf.

par), fsur sog (resp. ysegs, in later lit.

byori) come hither, come here! also in an

objective sense: tsur ^dn-ba to return home

Pth., Tar.; Odi-nas fsur bsdd-nas speakingto me through this (tube) Glr. ; almost pleon.

in fsur -la nyon listen to me! Mil. frq.;

fsur-ka this side, the this side river-bank,

declivity, party etc., similarly : fsur -logs,

fsur-pyogs.

tr(-\mtsur(-mo)colouring matter, pig-

ment, prob.= sa-fsur Stg., ace. to Cs. mineral

paint, nag- black, ser- yellow, dmar - tsur

red-paint; for nag fsur Sch. has: green vi-

triol; in Zam. also rus-kyi fsur is named.

fsul Tjfaj 1. manner, way, form, cha-

racter, nature, fsul )i-ltar . . . de bzin-

du as so Wdn., zer-fsul, grul-fsuL, bsdm-

fsul the way in which a person speaks, walks,

thinks; ynds-tsul v. ynus-pa; ynds-tsul and

sndn-tsul being ami appearing, philosoph.

terms for reality and appearance Was.(29T) ;

ftdn-fsul the way of giving, i.e. a certain

quantity given, dose Stg.; mi sdug-pai tna-

fsogs-hyis (to damage) in various vicious

ways Mil. ; fsul de K6- nas by that same

way of proceeding Tar. ; hence fsul-gyu in

consequence of, by means of Pth. and eU^-

where; S/KIH *)nrd*-pai fsul the character

of his last speech Dzl; rgya-bod-kyi JMl-fsul the mode or kind of intercourse, the

29

eti' (81t 1. num. fig.: 78. - 2. the contraryof Pa 11., root of the \fords signifying

hiltlerward, on this side; ",i-Ita c.. (6ur-Kaq v.), more frq. (3u-rol this side (oPII. top'u-"(Jf), {8u-I'Ol-lIa adv. on this side, pO&tp.with genit.. adj. on Ihis side; tllli-rol-tlt, thiswar, to tlli$ plllee; t3!i_f'Ol_1la3 from thisside; (~;I-rol-pa one on this side, one be­10nKing to this (our) party Sl!J.; (31t-woneof this sidt', Pa~bi one of the other side C•.,pro\·;nc. (1). Cf. t"lII, (WI'.

~~.611_u(?)C., rrob. Chinese, for the Ti-betnn .kyur-"u, ace. to some; vinegar,

acc to others: a pulpy product, prepared of"MOUS kinds of fruit, mixed with vinegar,suga.r, and spices, nnd hnving been left toferment. used, like mustArtl, IlS a condi­ment, which in lndin is cnlled 'chutney'.~' (.!t9 1. &It.: 'group, object'(?); (3,ig-

30 W: all the households or villnges1,lnced underoneGopD.-t. rorely for uug;thus)j-(.,tg GIl'. 49, iost. of U-tmtg.

~'.:r(l:.l') (wg-pa(-la) W: to, up to, till,gal! (.ug-pa how far, how'long?

·/ia lIguri.-ti-1"U cd-l'e t.ug-pa-la· until I goto Sultanpur; ga,i (WfJ-pa ... de (~ilg-l}(t

so lar as,~~"r t~ug81,a 1. v. o(suga-pa. - 2, to

do one harm, to hurt, to inflict,mostly with Il oegnu\'e, bar-cdd ma (3,ig&­

par without hllving hurt me Alil.; lid-Iamfr, nad-kyis etc. mi (wga fire, disuse etc.CM do me no hnrJD, Glr., Alil., frq. - 3.shst., also (au[Ja-llan, IV. -tau94a" caravan·sary, or merely n. level, open plnce near avillage, where traveller's may encamp, orwhere public business is tronucted; nlsofor 'fihn~, hall of judgmentj hospital.

~Ci,'.q (n«l-pa ". otl.lId-pa.

~ (iUlI - f~t 2., gen. with cad or cad orla, signifying within, by, not later than,

as postp. c."ecl,ls,,.aN bdlln wm..ldd ""itllinseven geoern.lions, (tbey willl>e bappy) efento the seventh generation, D::l.; adli-gi nyi..ma - ftuM fnin -Ia by to-morrow noon (itmust be finished) Glr.; ·dd-v:a &' fIIult 'Jlell C. shall be come in les,s. than half a

month? bu dwi bU-m.o (.un-lad eyCD Ul thechildren, not cvcn the children being ex­cluded Tar. 119,3. -

Note. In the terms pun and (.un, likeyan lind mun{-cad), the significations givenby c".: from, from a certain pllce or timeforward, till, until, arc not properly inherentto the word, hut nre to be inferred in eachseporate insll\nee from the figurative appli­cation of the original sense of tlie root..~~. (,ub-ma, o(rilu..ma storm, (.uh-lib,

rluil- 61tb gale, hurricane, fa-(1Uhsnow-storm; Im-(wb (]'nt-taub') gust ofwind, (Ma) odm Im·('ltb whirlwind; Gg,pru[I-Mg-gi 6ub-ma Mil. a violent fit of !IlY)'j&'I1II-(aub trouble 01 mind C•.~:::....' twr I\ither, to this place, hitherward (er.

par), (aur;09 (resp. r;tg" in Inter lit.byon) come hither, como here! also ill Allobjectivc sense: tlur ~d>i.ba to retum homePth., Tur.; odi-nfU (ittI' Ud(1..nfU speakingto me through this(tube) Glr.; nlmas' ploon.in (aur -la nyon listen to me! Mil. frq.;fWr-ka this side, the tbis side ri\'er-bAnk,declivity, party etc., simill\rly: (.Ur -tog.,(aur.p!JO!l"

~'(;r) "I~"'(;r) fw.-(.mo),mf••.-(",,:,), colouring matter, pIg-

ment, prob. - sa4mr SI9" :\I;C. to u. mineralpaint, nag- black, UI'" )'ellow, UIIlaJ' _ t'Mrred-pniol; for nag {till' &A. bAlI: green \,j­

triol; in Zam. also ,-.u,-kyi Wlr i$ named.~. (aul~ 1. manner, way, form, chao

racter, nature, (wl )i-itar . .. dt bHn­du l\S - so wan., dr-t~1l1, o!IrKl-tiul. Ndm­(~tl Ule wayin whiclLllllel"son spC'ab, walks,thinks; rnaS-f$ltl v. )'/ldl-pa; rau&-t.m andand.. - tlUi being 11.1)\1 appearing, philOlJOph.terms for reality and appearance IVa•. (297);rt6Ii-f!ul the way of giving, i.e. a certainquantity given, dO&e St[J.;fHi tdwj-pai ",a­(<<Jg,-1-yi, (to damage) in nrious viciouswn)'s "lJil.; hul dt ltd - 1I(ZI by tJlat sameway of procecding Tar.; heD~ (rill-[Jyil ioconsequence of, by JDel\ns of PtA. ADd else­where; • .tall 'R1Nu-[HJ.i 6t41 ,he clLM7oC1('rof bis last speech D:l.; rgya.lx1d-kyi obril­(aul the mode or kintl of iDteroourse, \he

"

450

> fse fseg

relations between Tibet and China Glr.;

pydg-gi fsul-du in a way as if he were sa-

luting Mil.', gus-gus-kyi fsul(-du) byed-pato make a semblance of veneration, to make

gestures of reverence Mil.; mi mKyen-paifsul-du byds-fe pretending not to know Mil.;

(cf. fsul- cos-pa v. cos-pa) ; dge-slon-gi fsul-

du in the guise of a monk Tar. ; mai fsul

Odzin-pa to assume the mother's form, fi-

gure Tar.; glan-cen-gyi fsul-du, (Buddhacame down) in the shape of, or as, an ele-

phant Glr. ; ddd-pai fsul-gyis in the way of

faith, with a believing mind Pth.; mi-rtdg

fsul-du yda it exists in the way of tran-

sientness, it is of a transitory nature Mil. ;

mdzdd-pa bcu-ynyis-kyi fsul-gyis in the

manner, in the order, of the twelve deeds

Glr.;

sets ce-bai fsul-gyis for the most part,

Tar. 50, 15; way of acting, conduct, deport-

ment, course Of life, snd-mai fsul your former

conduct Mil.;de-lta-bui dge-bai fsul de fds-

nas hearing such an example of virtue re-

lated. 2. emphat.: the right way, good

manners, order, rule;fsul (dan) mfun(-pa)

orderly, regular, sensible, reasonable, brgyd-

la fsul-mfun re tsam Jbyun-na Mil. if but

once in a hundred cases something sensible

is uttered; fsul-lddn, fsul-can regular, me-

thodical 6s.;also just, conformable to duty,

fsul-bzin-pa adv. fsul-bzin-du id.; fsul-med,

fsul-bzin-min irregular, unjust 6s.; srid-zui

fsul spyod-cin fulfilling a child's duty ;fsul-

las nyams growing remiss in one's duty, neg-

lecting, breaking one's duty; esp.fsul-fcrims

religious or moral duty, moral law; monastic

VOWS, fsul - Krims - can 1. being bound bysuch Sch.-, 2. observing such 6s.; fsul-Krims

srun-ba to keep them, ojig-pa, nydms-pato break them

;fsul -

Krims, as a personal

name, is much in favour. 3. species, kind,

ndd-fsul species or kind of disease, zds-

fsul species of food S.g. (not frq.). 4.

joined to the root of a verb : yon fsul, when,or as, he came, W.

eb* fse I. num. figure: 108.

II. sbst. 1 . time, in a gen. sense,= dus

B.; ydd(-pai) fse (-no), when it is, when it

was; gdn(-gi) fse (-no), de(i) fse (-no) at

which time, at that time, then, frq. fse-re all

the time(?), nyin-fse-rei\Q whole day, fsan-

fse-re the whole night W. 2. time of life,

*t'se-ghan-tson-cug* imprisonment for life

C.; fse ycig-gi dros-pai gos v. dros^pa; life,

fse Odi this, the present, life, fse-pyi(-ma)

a future period of life (also merely: Odi pyi,

without fse) ; fse ma-ma an earlier period

of existence, relative to the transmigraiion

of souls, yet tse Odi and pyi may also be

used in a Christian sense; fse rin-ba long

life, fse fun-ba short life; fse-rin is also a

very common name both of men andwomen;

rgydl-ba dan fse-rin-bar sog-cig happinessand long life (to the king)! Dzl. ; fse(-dan)

-Iddn^-pa), ^JI^^T^, title or epithet of

Bodhisattwas; fse-dpag-m^d name of Bud-

dha; *fse pid-ce* W. to earn a livelihood;

fse Jlyer-zin sor-ba to come oP with one's

life, to have a narrow escape; fse fdr-du

ojug-pa v. fdr-ba; fse(-las) Odds(-pd) having

died Dzl. 3. Bal.sex, *pd-fse, mo -fse*,

male, female sex.

Comp. fse-skdbs v. skabs. fse-cu water

of life Glr. fse-ynyis-pa of an amphibiousnature 6s. fse-ltogs a poor, starving va-

grant, beggar W. fse-mddns Lt. = byad-

mdans healthy appearance, a fine, fresh

complexion. fse-fsdd duration of life.

fse-mdzad, Wdk. 457, an attribute of the

gods, resembling a small plate with fruit.

fse-rdbs period of existence, duration of a

re -birth, a great many of which ace. to

Buddhist doctrine every man has to pass

through Dzl.; fse-rdbs-kyi bld-ma Mil. a manthat is always re-born as a Lama.

V-rtr' fse-pad Ephedra saxatilis, a little

'

alpine shrub with red berries, which

are said to be roasted and pulverized, to

give greater pungency to snuff.

>X" fse-re 1. v. fse. 2. v. fser-ka.

fse9 W. *fsag* 1 . point, dot, also nag-

fseg.2. more particularly the point

separating syllables, bar -fseg, id.; pyi- fseg

likewise, in as far as it follows a letter Gram.',

fseg- bar that which stands between two

points or tsegs, a syllable.

450

relations between Tibet· and China Gir.;pyag-Of t3Ul-du in a way as if be wcre sa-­luting Mil:; gus-gits-kyi fBill{-du) hykl.pato make a semblance of veneration, to makegestures of reverence ,Mil.; mi mfiybi-pai(sill-du bgdJJ-te pretending DOt to know Mil.;(d. f&lil·ocos-pa v. ~-pa)tdge-8ldli-gi (till­du in tile guise of a monk Tar.; mai nulodzln-pa to assume the mother's foem, fi­gure Tar.; glwi-Cffi..gyi 6Ul-du, (Buddhacame down) in the shape of, Of as, an ele­phant Glr.; ddd-paj (ltitl-fJ!Ii& in the way offaith, with a believing mind Pth.; mi-rUlg(rill-du rda it exists in the way of tran­s.ientness., it is of a transitory nature Mil.;mdufd-pa bCu-rnyh-kyi (3M-9Yu in themanner, in the order, of the tweke deedsGir.; .ias U-bai (3Ul-gyU for the most part,Tar. 50, 15; way of acting, conduct, deport­ment, course of life, ~lia-mai (3U[ your formerconduct Mil.; di-ita-aui dgi-bai hui ~ (.n­ml! bearing such an example of virtue re­lated. - 2. emphat.: the right way, goodmanners, order, rule; hui (dan) 7Il(iln(-pa)orderly, regular, sensible, reasonable, brgya­ia (suHn({m re t3am obyUil-.na Mil. if butonce in a hundred cases something sensibleis uttered; ftul-ldan, fdtl-~an regular, me­iliodicnl u.; also just, conformable to duty,6Ul-bl;in-pa adl'. (,ul-Min-du id.; fntl-7IlM,6ui-bzin-min irregular, unjust u.; ,rid-wi(,ui spytk/-tili fulfil1ing a child's duty; (,"i­ku lIyarru growing remiss in one's duty, nCK­leeting, breaking one's duty; esp. uul-llri'IIUreligious or moral duty, moral law; monasticvows, (nii- K-rirru - Call I. being bound bysuch Sell.; 2. observing such u.; (tUl,..lirinu

mhi-ba to keep them, J(g-pa, nyd1lU-pato break them; (,M-lirir"" as a personalname, is much in faVOUT.- 3. species, kind,ndd-fwl species or kind of disease, zd$­ftul species of food S.g. (not frq.). - 4.joined to the root of a verb: y&7i (,ul, when,or as, he come, W.:£. tie 1. num. figUI'e: 108.

II. sbst. J. time, in a. gen. sense, _ dIUB.; yM(-pa~) 68(-na), when it is, when itwas; gdn(-gi) 68(-na), de(i) f$e(-na) at

~ '''9

which time, at that time, then, frq. (,(J-J'~ allthe time(?), nyin-fse-rtlthe whole day, han­(stori the whole night IV. - 2. time of life,"(,e-gllan-ts!Jn-eug" imprisonment for lifeC.; (st rMg-gi drds-pai f}QS v. dro.-pa; liIe,(st odi this, the present, life, (st-ftyi(-ma)a future period of life (also merely: odi ftyi,without ue); (st slid-ma an earlier periodof exiswnce, relative to the transmigrationof souls, yet tst odi and p'yi may also bensed in a Christian sense; (se r;n-Oa longlife, (,~ (un-ba short life; he-rin is also avery common name both ofmenll.Ddwomen;rglJdl-ba dan (se-rin-bar ldg-Cifl happinessftnd long life (to the king)! Dzi.; (u(-daJi)-lddn(-pa), ij'9"',"" title or epithet ofBodhiSllttwas; fu-dpag-mU name of Bud­dha; "(st pfd-U' lY. to earn a livelihood;(st .lyf:r-zui idr-ba to come off with one'slife, to have a narrow eseape; ue (dr-duJug-pa v. (dr-ba; ue(-laa)odd.t(-pa) havingdied Dzl. - 3. Bal. sex, "Po-ue, me -1$1',male, female scx.

Compo (se-sktihs v. skabs. - fse-cu wateroflife Glr. - ~f1lyis-pa of an amphibiousnature G. - (se-ltdgs a poor, starving va.­I{l'lI.nt, beg~t\r lV. - (SM/Idli!b Lt. - byad­mda;;, healthy a.ppearance, n fine, freshcomplexion. - (se-(sdd duration of life. ­(se-mdzad, lVdk. 457, an aUribuw of thegods, resembling a small plnte with fruit.- ('N'dbs period of existence, duration of are-birth, a great many of which acc. toBuddhist doctrine every man has to passthrou~h Dzl.; 6e-rdha·kyibld-ma Mil. a manthat is always re-born as a Lall1ll..

a;.q:;,. ue-pJd EpWra sa.tatilis, a littleftlpine shrub with red berries, which

are said to be roasted and pulverized, togive greater pungency to snnff.

l'~- ue-r~ 1. v. (st. - 2. v. 6"-k«.

~r 68g lY. "(,ag" J. point, dot, also tlOf/-

(slfJ. - 2. more particularly the poIntseparating syllables, bar-(slg, id.; hi-(slglikewise, in as far Mit follows aletter Gram.;heg - bar that which stands between twopoints or tsegs, a syllable.

tog*

451

tog*

troublesome, difficult, hard,

very troublesome, rkan fsegs-^e

Mil. much (fruitless) running to and fro;

fsegs-me'd it is not difficult; fsegs-me"d(-par)

easily adv.; fsegs-pa trouble, toil, difficulty

Sch. ; pran -fsegs little troubles or diffi-

culties Cs.

fs&n(-po\ seam, cf. Otsm-pa ;

bzo-pa, fsem-pa tailor IT.;

po ^grol the seam opens, comes loose; fsem-

med without a seam; fsem-bu Lea;., Sch.:

what has been stitched, darned, quilted.

fsems, resp. tooth, fsems-sin tooth-

pick Dzl.

tsems-pa to have the disadvantage,to come off a loser, not receiving

a full share Sch.

fser 1. = fsar time vulgo; fser -fser,

Mil., prob. many times, repeatedly.-

2. v. the following.

fser-ka W. also fse-re, fse-ri sorrow,

grief, pain, affliction,*fse-re co mi go*

do not grieve! *fser cug-ce* to afflict, to

grieve (not in.).

fser-ma, W.*fser-mdn* 1. thorn, prick,

brier, Dzl. fser zug son I have run

a thorn into (my hand, foot) ;fser-mai mgo

a deer's head po. spoken of Mil.; fser-ma

Odon-pa to pull out a thorn; nya-fser fish-

bone Sch.] fser-ma-can 1. thorny, prickly,

briery. 2. like thorns, Thgy. 2. thorn-bush,

bramble, brake fser-dkdr, fser-stdr, buck-

thorn, Hippophae rhamno'ides, *fser-tar-lu-

lu* Ld., the berries of it (extremely sour).

fser-fdgs thorn-hedge (in Tibet gen. dead

hedges). fser-lum yellow raspberry Sik.

tser-lhdg n. of a disease Lt.

fses nf^, 1. day of the month, tses-

grdns date, always expressed by the

cardinal number, fses-ycig etc., fses-bcu the

tenth, in certain months a festival day, fses-

bcu-mc6d-pa sacrifice and beer-drinking on

that day; fses-bcui Ocdm-yig programme of

the religious dances performed on that oc-

casion; zld-ba fse"s-pa and fses-fsum-zld-

ba. 2. symb. num.: 15.

^ fso 1. num. figure: 138. 2. sbst. troop,

number, host, yet hardly ever standing

alone, or governing a genit. case, but like

a termination affixed : gron-mi-tM the peas-ants (of the village), Ky&L rndl- byor -pa-fso ye saints! In some instances its sub-

stantive character is more apparent, thus

in fsdn-pa-fso , mKds-pa-fso, bd-fso it maybe rendered by: a troop of merchants, a

society of learned men (or the learned), a

herd of cows (6.); but most frq. it stands

(at least in later lit.) as plural termination

of pronouns, so: ne"d-fso we, Kon-fso they,

Odi-fso these, or it is affixed to numerals:

Jbum-fso 100000. yul-fso v. yul. 3.

adj. hot Bal.

fso-ba fat, greasy, fso-Ku fat gravy,

fso - Idir unwieldy with fatness ( fso

Odug mi Odug, or bud ma bud, is it fat or

not? being with young or not? Sch.f)

5" T fs6-lo W. vulg.=

Opons, cf. Opon-tsos.

fsogs Ssk. ^fiu", (cf. Ofs6gs-pd) 1. an

assemblage of men (implying, how-

ever, compared with fso, a larger number

of individuals, not at once to be surveyed),

6s. : fsogs sdu-ba to call an assembly, offyed-

pa to dismiss it; fsogs Odu an assembly meets,

Ogye it dissolves; W.:*sol son* it is adjourned,

*tol son* it is broken up; dpun(-gi), dmag

(-gi)-fsogs army frq.; yul-fsogs village com-

munity, country-parish, *yul-fsog nyi Init-

te yod* W. two parishes have set out; human

society, fsogs-kyi ndn-nas Obyun-ba Stg.,

*fsog dhan gye-wa* C. to retire from society ;

fsogs-nan mi Ogro-ba not mixing with so-

ciety D6.; $6a- fsogs has been introduced

by us, with the concurrence of our native

Christians, as the word for 'congregation,

church, exxli]oia\ 2. accumulation, mul-

titude, of things, *sin-fsog* W. wood, thicket,

copse, bush, shrub ; me-fsogs mass of fire,

Thgy. ;in a more special sense = dgt-bai

tsogs, or bsod-nams-kyi fsogs, accumulation

of merit acquired by virtue, fsogs ysog-pa

to accumulate such frq.; fogs ma bsdg-pai

mi almost the same as a wicked, godless

person ; fsogs(-kyi') Kor(-lo), af<Q^^i, sacri-

ficial offering, a quantity of victuals, trink-

ets, and other articles being disposed in

d?]~' t4tg. troublesome, difficul~ hanl, tug._C'e ycr)" troublesome, rkali {MfI'-U

Mil. lUuch (fruitless) running to and fro;(I€f/I.-,nit.i it is not difficult; fug.-mU(~par)

easily ad\·.; {';gs~ trouble, toil, difficulty&1,.; Fran- (Itg. little troubles or diffi­culties (;I.

~"(:Jj t4h1l(-po),seam, cf. GtIim-pa; {.bn-bzo-pa, {s!m-pa tailor \v,; {Ibn­

po.,grol the seam opens, comes loose; {Mf/l­

mtd without 0. seam; t!hn--bu Lu., Scll.:what bas been stitcbed, darned, quilwl.~~ t~" resp. tooth, tsbm-Aili tooth-

pick Dzl.~~=r tlenu-ra tohavetbediso.dvantage,

to come off a loser, not receivinga full share Sch.~: {Mr 1. - (sar time vulgo; (~r-{'b',

MH., peob. many times, repeatedly. ­2. ". tbe following.M'1TJ' (ab-ka JV. also (u-TI, (ae-rl IOrroW,

grief, pain, affliction, "{u-rl Co 'I7li n"do not grieve! "(Ier Olg-le" to amic~ togrie\"e (not in B.).~.~. {ab-ma, lV,"{u.,....md,i" 1. thom,prick,

brier, Dzl. (ser ::ug ,oli ] have runII. thorn into (my hand, foot); (,tr-mai mgoa deer's head po. spoken of Mil.; {air-ma"ddn-pa to pull out a thorn; nya-fdr fish­bone &1l.; 6tr-ma-laIJ I. thorny, prickly,briery. '!. like thorns, Thg!J.- 2. thorn-bush,bramble, brake {aer-dkdr, (Ier-Itdr, buck­thorn, lIippopllai r"allltl(iid~, "taer.tar-lU­ill." Ld., the berries of it (extremely sour).- tser-(119' thorn-hedge (in Tibet gel!. deadhedges). - {ser-Mm yellow raspberry Sil.:.t,tr-llldg n. of a dise~e Lt.~~. tm ,,~, I. day of the month, tset-

grdlis date, always expressed by thecardinnl number, (sn-rag etc., {ua-bHt. thetenth, in certain months a festival day, (sea­btu-mldd-pa sacrifice and beer-drinking onthat day; t4n-U:id "ldlll-yifJ prognunme ofthe religious dances performed on that 0c­

casion; zld·ba tli'-pa and {Ii,-,sum-:id.ba. - 2. symb. num.: 15.~ (.01. num. figure: 138.- 2. sbst. troop,

Ilumber, hos~ yet hardly eyer sWiding

~. ''''!J'alone, or KOTerning a genit. cue, but likea termination affixed: grd1J-'11Ii-fMJ Ule peat­ants (of the village), I!yld rnal-GbyM'-~

(I() ye saintsl In some instances illl sub­stantive ehll.meler is more apparent, thulin (wli-pa-tlO, mllda-pa-w, M-(IO it maybe rendered by: a troop of merchants, ..society of learned wen (or the learned). aherd of cows (Q.); but most frq. it stand.(at JellSt in later lit.) AS plural terminationof pronouns, so: riid-t4o we, lori-{Io they,Gdi-(w these, or it is affixed to numl'ra1s:Gbum-60 lOOOCXl. - yul-6o v. yu.l. - 3.adj. hot Bal.t".q' (3d-ba fa~ greasy, :w-I:v fat gravy,

(so - ldir unwieldy with fatness (ho"dug rni Gdug, or bud rna bud, is it fat ornot? being with young or not? &h.')

af'r.:r- (ao-1o W: vulg. _ "polia, cf. "PO,i-tIM.

~~ (&OfIS &1:.. 7f1lJ, (cr. o(3dg'-rK') 1. anassemblage of men (implying. bow­

ever, compared with (w, a larger numberof individuals, not at once to be surveyed),CA.: (1lOfI' ,dU-ba to call fUl assembl)', o!!#pawdismiss it; (sogl Gdu an assembly meets,c9!Je it dissolves; W:"6ol ,oli"it is adjourned,"tol so,j" it is broken up; dpuli(-gi), dmag(-gi)-(1OfI1 army frq.; yul-60g' village com­munity, country-parish, "!ftIl-(SOf! 71yi lali­te yrxr W: two parishes haye.set out; humansociety, (sdgs.1cyi ntl,i-nas "byMli-ba Stg.,"('09 lj/,ali g!Ji-tea" C. to retire from soeiet)·;(sdgs-na,j 1/Ii .,grQ-ba not mixing with so­ciety DO.; Cds - {sogs hilS been introducedby us, with the concurrence of our u.tiveChristians, ns the word for 'congregation,churth, fuAr;ola'. - 2. accumulation, mul~

titude, of things, "M,i-fMJg" IV. wood, thicket,copse, bush, shrub; me-(,og' mllSS of fire,T1IQy.; in llo more specil\.l sense - dge-lJait&og', or IJ,6d-nanu-J:yi flOg', Ilccumul.tionof merit acquired by virtue, tlOg' ]'Idg.pato accumulate such frq.; (SOUs "la ~ag-pai

flli Illmost tbe same M a wicked. godlessperson; (1OgI(-J.yi) GEor(-w), 1l1U"l(1I, sacri­ficial offering, a qntLntity of newals, trink­ets';' and other utieles being disposed in

452 V .

ebk fson fsod

a circle as an oblation, Mil. and elsewh.;

fsogs-Jcor skor-ba prob., like som-pa to pre-

pare such an offering; fsogs ynyis Glr, was

explained by bsod-nams-kyi fsogs dan ye-

ses-kyi fsogs: sna-fsogs of all kinds, merely

signifies 'many'. 3. fsogs drug Mil. and

elsewh., Was. 290, 'kinds' of perception bythe senses, which are supposed to be more

or less in number, yet the etymology of the

word rather suggests the groups of objects

perceptible by means of the (6) senses.

Comp. fsogs-Kdn meeting-house Cs.

fsogs -Jcor v. above. fsogs -grdl Mil. I.

row of people in an assembly 2. row of

offerings, nif. fsogs-can-ma Sch. 'song-

stress, prostitute'. fsogs-mcogo, most splen-

did assemblage, fsogs-mcog-dge-^un Thgy.

fsogs-ytdm speech addressed to a meetingCs. fsogs-ston a high sacrificial festival

Pth. fsogs(-kyi)-bdd(/(-po) 31%^r, son of

Siwa, the god of wisdom, furnished with a

thick belly and the head of an elephant;

appearsalso in theBuddhism of later times.

fsogs-dpon president or chairman of a meet-

ing Cs. fsogs -zdns Sch.: 'the meeting-

kettle, the point of union or its symbol'.-

fsogs-sa place of meeting Cs. fsogs-ysog

accumulated merit, tantamount to offer-

ings and gifts bestowed on priests, also anyservice or work done to or for a priest Mil.

fson (Cs. = zon merchandize, but morev

corr.:) trade, traffic, commerce, *pag-fson* W. smuggling-trade, *co-ce, tdn-ce*;

fson-gi fee profit, gain, gun loss in trading;

fson byed-pa Glr., *gyag-pa* C., *gyab-ce* W.

(cf. above), to carry on trade; fson togud-

pa id. Sch.

Comp. fson-skad commercial language,business-like style, terms of trade. fsoti-

Kan store -house, magazine. f&on-gru

trading-vessel, merchantman. fsdn-grogs

commercial friend, correspondent. fson-

can pledging in beer, after a bargain has

been struck. fson-cad bill of purchase,deed of sale. fson-mfun commercial inter-

course. fson- dus market people Pth.

fson- dus-sa market-place. fson-rdal that

quarter of a city which is chiefly inhabited

by merchants. fson-pa merchant, trader,

seller; Jbru-fson-pa corn -merchant, can-

fson-pa dealer in wine and other liquors.

yser-dan-dnul-(gyi) fson -pa exchangerof gold and silver coins. fson-dpon, Hind,

caudhari, head of a commercial establish-

ment, the principal merchant in a city, under

whose control all the rest, and the market

in general, are standing; the chief leader

of a caravan, to whom all that have joinedin it are subordinate Glr. fson-spogs pro-ceeds of trade; fson-spogs byed-pa, fson-

spogs-la Ogro-ba to engage in commercial

speculations Dzl. fson- prul commerce,fson,- prul-gyi ynas market. fson-zdn (cf.

fson-can) meal after settling a business. -

fson-zoii goods, merchandize. fson - sa

commercial place, market.

fson-tsdn 1. a kind of ornament Cs.

2. = tson-tson.

fsod (prop, the same as fsad) 1. mea-

sure, proportion, in a general sense =the right and just measure; fsod Odzin-pa,

(bzun-ba) W. *zum-ce* \. to take measure,to measure, to measure out, to survey, yul

land, *yul-fsod-zum-Kan* land-surveyor W.

'2. to estimate, to rate, to appraise, to tax,

ran-gi fsod mi Odzin he overrates himself

(his own powers) Dzl. 3. to observe the

right measure, to be temperate, zas-cdn-la

in eating and drinking Glr.', zds-fsod mazin cu/is gyur-na when below the proper

measure, i.e. when too little is eaten 8-g.

4. to try, to tempt, to lead into temptation

W.; fsod-ltd-ba, len-pa B. and vulg. ,Cs.

also fsod bgdm-pa to try, prove, *fsod maItos* 1 have not tried it yet W.,

*fig -fsod

ma Itos* id., fsod ltd-ba, len-pa also to sound,

to sift, examine, spy out, fsod-len-pa sbst.,

spy ; sems-kyi or nydms-(kyi) fsod len-pa to

examine, find out or sift another's thoughts

or sentiments, also *fcog-fso' lem-pa* C.',

fsod ojal-ba to measure; fsod-ses-pa to keep

measure, and adj.: observing due measure,

temperate, fsod-mi-ses-pa not keeping mea-

sure, intemperate. r fsod -can, fsod-ldan

l. moderate. 2. punctilious, strict, grave W.' fsod-med intemperate, immoderate, im-

a circle as an oblation, Mil. and elsewb.;(8O[l8-J.'6r Bl..YJr·ba prob., like i6m-pa to pre­pare sucb an offering; hogs rllyis Glr. wasexplained by bBod-tw.'1TI3-J.'1Ji (s0!J8 da,j ye­jes-Icyi 4fJ[/s; $"o.-(sogB of all kinds, merelysignifies 'many'. - 3. (B0!J8 drug Mil. nndelsewh., lVaB. 290, 'kinds' of perception bythe senses, which are supposed to be Dloreor less in number, yet the etymology oitheword rather suggests the groups of objectsperceptible by means of tIle (6) senses. -

Compo (8O[l8-1Mti meeting-house Cs. ­(sogs-c"dr v. above. - 6cgs-grdl Mil. I.row of people in nn assembly 2. row ofofl'erings, ni f. - uOgs":an-ma &/,. 'song­stress,prostitute'.- (sogs-1llC6$n most splen­did ussembillge, fsogs.mlog-dge-cdun 7719!J'-(sogs-rtdm speech addressed to a meeting(.'s. - tsog&-8tdn a high sncriGcial festivalPth. - tsogs(-kyi)·bddg(-p<J) 1Iihr, son ofSiwa, the god of wisdom, furnished with athick bell)' and the bead of an elephant;appearsalso in theBuddhism of Inlertimes.­(BOgl-"dpdn president or chairman of a meet­ing Cs. - (wgs-zdJis &4.: 'tho meeting­kettle, the point of union or its symbol'. ­(wg&-8a place of meeting as. - 6ogs-rldgaccumulated merit, tantamount to ofl'er­ings and gifts bestowed on priests, also nn)'sen;ce or work done to or for a priest Mil.tt:: (8on (Cs. "" zoo,j merchlUldize, but more

corr.:) trade, traffic, commerce, "par(801i" W. smuggling-tmde, "CO-i:l, w,i-U';(so;,_gi ~e profit, gain, gun loss in trading;umi byld.po. Glr., "9yaD-Po." C., "fl!Jo.b-ce· W.(cf. nbo\'e), to carryon trade; (SOli brgud­pa id. Selt.

Compo 'tMn-$kad commercial language,business-like sl)'le, terms of trade. - (OOli­~o.li store - house, magazine. - (son - gmtrading-vesse~merchllntmau. - (sdli-glVJg$commercial friend, correspondent. - (son­lo.li pledging in beer, after ll. bargnill hasbeen struck. - uOI;-lad bill of purchase,deed of sale. - ($I)n-m(lln commercial inter­course. - 6d1i-cdui market poople·l:>th.­(stln·cdus-sa market-placo. - (sdli..,.dal thatquarter of a eity which is cliie:lly inhabited

by merchauts. - (son-pa merehan~ trader,seller; cbru-(wn-po. corn-merchant, lan­(son-pa deAler in wine and other liquors.- yser-dan-dnul-([J!Ji) 6dJi -pa e::l"c1l1mgerof goltl and siher coins. - (SO,i-dPO'l, Hind.caudhari, head of l\ commerciAl establish·ment, the principalmerchnnt in ncit)', underwhose control all the rest., and the m\l.rketin general, are standing; the chief leaderof a caravan, to whom all IIlat have joinedin it are subordinate Glr.- (IJOn-spdgs pro­cceds of trade; (son-:p&gs byM..po., ·(twli­

spdgB-la .,grQ.-ba to engage in commercialspeculations Dzl. - (suti-cPrUl commercc,{soil-cl~rUI11!limaB market. - (SQI;-::an (d.£so/i-cwi) meal after settling a business. ­{soli - zoo,i goods, merchandize. - {soli _ sacommercial place, market.;tl::t~: {$I)Ii·tsdli 1. n. kind of ornament C8.

2. = lsolj-t8oli.

~. (wd (prop. the SIlme as (sad) 1. mea·sure, proportion, in a geuernl sense =

the right and just measure; {MId ciL"in - po.,(b::iuj-ba) W ";;um-c~· 1. to take meusure,to mensure, to measure out, to survey, yulland, "yul-6l&d.-zoum-llan· lnnd-surveyor W'1. to estimate, ro rate, to appraise, ro tax,ro.n-gi (sod 1IIi cd::in he overrates himself(his own powers) Dzol. :1. to observe theright measure, to be temperate, zoo.s-libi-lo.in enting and drinking Glr.; ::m-fsod 1IIa::in Cuns gylu-no. when below the l)ropermeasure, i.e. when too little is enton S g.I. ro try, ro tempt, to lead into temptatioDJr.; (Mid-ltd.ba, Un-po. B. and vulg., Cs.also fwd bf/dllt-pa to try, prove, "(wd maIt/J8'' I have not tried it yet IV, ·(ig-{sdd1110. lt03· id., (&0<1 ltd-ba, len-pa also to sound,to sift, examine, spy out, (sdd-len-pa sbst.,spy; sems-l"l/i or nydmt-{J..yi) (wd l/n.po. toexamine, Gud out or sift another's thoughtsor sentiments, n.Jso ·Iloy-U{)"' lbn-po.· C.;uod Jal-ba to measure; (sod.Jes-pa to keepmeasure, and adj.: obsel'\llng dlle measure,temperale, (sod--lIli..j~a not keeping mea·sure, intemperate. - (wd-can, {sod-ldan1. moderate. 2. punctiliOUS, stric~ grave 1\'........ (KId·mid Intemperate, immoderate, im~

f&<J(l-lH<l

453

pwlent. 2 measure, instrument for measur-

ing, cu-fs6d water-clock. 3. division, portion,

quantity, fsod-cig part, *nor fsod i-iy* part<>t' the money, of the estate W.

; esp. of time,

point of time, certain hour, cf. cu-fsod and

duts-fsod; *duii pu-ce fsod-la* W. at the time

when the signal with the trumpet is given;*tsum tsod* W., at which hour? 4. esti-

mation, supposition, conjecture, guess; nai

fsod-la according to my estimation, fsod

n-pa v. above; *dha leb-pe fso' yo1*

bythis time he will have arrived, 1 guess C.;

hence *fsod-ce* W. to guess; fsod-ses, fsod-

bya riddle Cs., fsod-ses smru-ba to propose a

riddle, mi-food about men, bem-fsod about in-

animate objects .(?); *fsod-fsod'f W. at ran-

dom Sch. 5. fsod affixed to an adj. serves to

form abstract nouns, thus: myed-par dkd-

fsodthe difficulty of obtaining, ^iy-par sld-

fsod the facility of destroying, pan- dogscd-fsod the greatness of the advantage Thgy.

^r-^r fsod-ma 1. vegetables, greens, fsod-

ma ryod-skyes Cs. : wild -

growing

greens, frequently gathered by the Tibetans

in spring-time, such as dandelion, nettles,

Ereinurus etc.; fsod-ma yyun-skyes Cs. cul-

tivated vegetables. 2. boiled greens, ve-

getable-soup Mil. and vulgo. sno-fsod =

fsod-ma; nyuii-fsod a dish of roots, turnipsetc. Cs. ; Idum-fsod a variety of roots Cs. (?)- lo-fsod all sorts of cabbage; sa-tsodCs.,

'meat',(?)or more probably: prepared mush-rooms. - - fsod-sder plate, dish Sch.

& fson, I. (cf. fso-ba and fsos) colour. 1 .

'

colouring matter, paint,=

fson-i'tei, or

rtsi-fsdn; fs6n-i*tsi dkdr-pos Qbn-ba to markwith white paint; Jbyuy-pa to paint; fson

Un-pa to take, imbibe colour Cs.; fson sby6r-ba to mix, to prepare colours Cs.

; fs6n-yyis

btso-ba to colour, to dye; fson-skud dyedthread Do.; tson-spel a coloured strip W.- 2. colour = mdoy W. II. v. mfson.

fson-po 1. fat, plump, well-fed W., C.

2. resinous.

fson-mo-steri a metal (not known)

Stcf,

&ob for fsab Sch.

f*&m-pa I. also f*6m-po CK. bundle,

bunch, fsom-bu id., mt-toy-yi f6m-bu bunch of flowers /-%//.; rrid-ma ndg-poi

fs6m-j>/f l>fays-pa Mil., a kind of collar,

made of black yak's tail; pra-fx6m a border

or trimming set with jewels or pearls. Ace.

to our authorities, however, the word pro-

perly signifies a mixture or variety of co-

lours, something variegated, gay-coloured, e.g.

*dii ndn-du fsom mdh-po* there is much

colouring in this, it is manycoloured, *tsom-

fsdm* id. II. vb. to doubt, hesitate; to be

timid, bashful, shy; to be ashamed C.; sbst

doubt, timidity etc.; f&om-tsom, t&am-fcdm,fe-fsom id.

fsoms 6'., W. 1 . = Kyams, also fisoms-

sk&r court-yard, Kan-pai fsoms Lex.- 2. set, division, part, chapter Sch., so perh.

in the title of a book, ced-du brydd^pai fsoms

Thgy.' *kye-ca yu dan zii fsom-can* W. a

neck-lace or string of pearls in sets, divided

by turkois-drops and fzi.

&oim-r>iaim noise, din, clatter

Sch.

fs6r-ba 1. to perceive, sbst. percep-

tion; as one of the five skandhas =r,a sensation, a feeling; to perceive,

yzdn yyis ma tsor-bar without any one per-

ceiving itDzl.; also without yzdn-yyis : mafs6r-bar rku-ba to steal unobserved, the

contrary to robbing forcibly Thgy.; *zim-

po fsor* he found it well-tasted; sbrum-pafsor-nas feeling herself to be with child Pth.;

*ydit-mo fsor son* W. it felt light to the

touch. 2. to hear, for fos-pa. common in

W. -

"5f fsor-lo a (flying) report, rumour.

"

fsdl-ba v. Ofs6l-ba.

fsos 1. paint, dye, colouring matter; fsos

l''.

lHa9~Pa -> rgyub-pa to dye, to colour

Sch.;

fsos yyur (or log) son it has lost co-

lour, it is faded; 6sds(-kyi) Ku(-ba) liquid

paint,= fson-rtsi Glr.', fsos-mkan dyer,

fsos-lu Sch. : a cosmetic, wash(?); rgyd-fsos

a red pigment from India, perh. kermes

Med. 2. a medicament Mtd. 3. v. Kur-

tsos, Ofiii-fa>*.d

Iludellt. - 2 measure, instrument for measur­ing, cu-6dd""atc....c1ock.-3. division, portion,quantity. (aod-i:ig pnrt, -nor (m ;:iy- partof the moncy, of tile l'~tl\«J W.; esp. of lime,point of time, ccrtnin hour, cr. 'Cu-fsod aoddU~-{$()(1j -dUN jJu-l:e {s&l-la- lv. at lilc timewILeu the signal with the trumpet is gi"en;-t.¥UnI t~ W, nt whicl. hour? - 4. esli­m.lion, supposition, conjecture, guess; ilai{lS()(i-la I\Ccording to Iny estimation, (1JOdod:in-pa v. above; -d/l(l ltb-pt (~' !Jf!'- bytllig timo he will have arrived, I guess c.;hence -6od-te- w: to guess; {.dd-i13, ',M­b!la riddle C,., (sdd-Je. ,ml'd·ba to IlropoSfJ nriJdle, mi-{mabout Dlen,btm-{,ooaoout in­anilU:\tc objectsGI.(?); -t$Od-{Wd' W. nt mn­dom&/I.- 5. (,00 affixed to an lldj. serveg to

form abstrnct nouns, thus: rnyld-pal' dka­(lJdd the difficulty of obtaining, Jigopal' Md­{aod the facility of destroying, pan- oddg3C'e-{3Od' the greatness of the nd\'antnge Tn!!!!.~.~. 6dd-ma 1. vegetables, greens, (,Od-

ma rgod - J.'iP Ca.: wild - growilJggreens, frequently gathered by Ihe Tibetansin spring-time, such ns dllndelion, nettles,Erewurus etc.; (,od-m4 r!JUli-J.'!Jh Ca. eul_tivntcd vegetables. - 2. boiled greens, 'Ie­getable.soup Mil. und vulgo. - ."o-(,6d ::(sQd-ma; ll!JU,i-(,Qd a dish of roots, turnipsele. G.; ldum-(add a vrlriet)· of rooLs C,.(?)- to-{Wd I'll sorts of caubage; iu-Im c.•.,'meat',(?)or more prouably: !Jrepared mush­rooms. - uod-Nlir plale, dish &A.~- (ffm, I. (ef. ($O-ba nnJ (I()I:) colour, J.

colouring matter, paint, _ {~oll-r/$i, orrui.{~on; {.(hl-rui dJ:dl"-p03 obri-ba 10 markwith wbite paint; ob!Jlig-pa 10 painl; {ton

Ihl-pa to take, imbibe eolonr ('.; ($On sbydr­ba to mix, to prePAre colours C~.; (~dn-g!Ji8

b/io-ba 10 colour, 10 dye j (lIOn· ,kiuJ d)'cdthread Do.; t$On-'peJ a colourctl strip W.- 2, colour _ 1N.log W. - H. V. m{,WII.

~q ts<m-po 1. fat, plump, well·fed w., C.2. resinous.

~';f~' (IIOn-nw_sttli a IDelal (not known)Stg.

~ f40b fOr f4ab &11.

~'=J' (.om-pa I. also (Wm-po (.•. bundle,bunch, f.dm-bu id., ,"i-tog-yi {16J,,,..

lm buneh of tlowers Ptl•. ; 1'Na-ma nag-poi{IQnl-}}{j btufP-pa MiI.., " kind of collar,lllllde of uillek ynk's lnil; pa-{.Jm a borderor trimming sct with jewels or I,carill. Ace.to our allthorities, ho .....ever, the word pro­~r1y signifies a mixture or 1'llriety of 00­

IOllrs, something variegated. gay-coloured, e.g.-dii llun-du (,WIll Wld,i-!)()- there is muchcolouring ill this, it is manycolourcd, .(,fQm­

Mm- id. - II. vb. to doubt, hesitate; to betimid, basliful, shy; 10 UC n:>hamcd C.; sbst.doubl, timidity etc,; {lOm.{IOtll, t.am- {3I.:'m,

{t-('Qm id.

~~ (Mm. C., lIZ I. = "!Ja1Tl8, 1I.Iso f80"..·

M-ol' court-yard, r""-pai ($0111I Lu.- 2. set, division, part, chapler &"-, so pcrh.in tile title of II hook, Cid-du btj6d~p(li {IOI'"

'1'/.g!J.; -~1Jl-ca !JU dw; zii 66m-ta'l- W. Ilo

neck-lace or string of pearls in sets, dividedby turkois-drops nnd rd.

~~'E.~~' Z~~-"'iam. noise, din, clatter

ar.:::.:r (.6r-ba 1. 10 perceive, shst. pel'f:ep-lion; as one of the fi\'e ,;kandbas _

lf~, t\ sensation, a feeling; 10 perceive,rza11 9!J" fila lsOr-bar without nn)' one per­ceivillg it D::l.; nlS() y,,'ithout rzan-gyu: ma(sOI'-bur I'J.:u-ba to sleal unobsern:d, tbecontrary to robbing forcibly Thg!J.; -zim­po (SQ,.* he found it well-tl\Sted; sbriml.pu{sOT-mu feeling herself to Le with child l"lh.;·1Jd,i-'IIlo {~OT 110';- lV, it felt light to thetuueb. - 2. to hear, for {o..pa, common inW,--, ~a;~'~' {sm'-to a. (llying) report, rumour.-,a;'l.l'.::r (8Ol-ba v. _'uJl-ba.

t..~. {.08 1. paint, dye, colouring matter; fSOl

''!!!log-pa, rgydb-pa to dye, to colour$ck; {101 glJUI' (or log) 101; it b." lost C()-o

lour, it is faded; 664(-J.yO I!u(-ba) liquidpaint, _ {.on-rt.; Gir.; {.o.-JliJ.'Utl dyer,(1SlM-lu &h.: II- cosmetic, \\'lIs1l(?); rgyd-tat»a red pigment froUl India, J'erh. kcrmesMrd..- 2. a medicament .iJ/tll. - 3. v, J!wr­fli(IIir'I.~-BO$,

454

mfsd-lu ov mfsdn-mo

mfsd-lu 1. also rtd-mfsa-lu

Sch.: a horse with white feet.

2. v. fsa-lu.

mfsags Sch. = fsags 4, fsags-bzdn

byed-pa."

mfsan v. Jsan-ba.

resP- r w' name >

esP- tne

new name which every one receives

that takes orders; mfsan ysol-ba i. to givea name Glr. 2. to take, to assume, a name

Glr., title W. 2. mark, sign, v. mfsan-ma.

3. night, mfsdn-mo.

wfs w(-w ) *n?W, 1- sign (rtags

and Ifas), mark, token, badge,

symptom, don-med-pai mfsdn-ma yin it is

a sign that it would be fruitless Wdn.;mfsdn-ma Qdebs-pa to make a mark, to mark

(e.g. with paint) Glr.; btsun-mo-la ma Ojigs-

sig byds-pai mfsdn-ma byin-nas making a

sign to the queen, signifying: do not fear!

(that she had nothing to fear) ;mfsdn-mas

mfson-pa to represent a thing by a signor mark Lex.; rgyal-poi mfsdn-ma (or rtags)

Ind-po (ace. to Indian notions) the five royal

insignia, turban, parasol, sword, fly -flapand coloured sandals; shape and peculiar

characteristics of separate parts of the body,

lus-kyi mfsan Dzl. 9&L, 5, esp. as marks

of beauty, skyes-bu cen-poi mfsan sum-cu-

rtsa-ynyis cf. skyes-bu; mfsan dan dbyibsas to limbs and stature Dzl.

; mfsan(-ma)

bzdn(-pd) and ndn(-pa) good and evil signs,

tokens, symptoms, prognostics, frq. ;bkra-

sis-pai dge- mfsan propitious signs Glr.,

emphat., good, favourable sign, some special

(good) quality, mfsan dan Idan-pa possess-

ing such quality, superior, excellent, frq.;

mfsdn-ma rtog-pa to prove, to examine,

signs; mfsdn-mar sgom-pa to take as an

omen Sch., mfsdn-mar ma bzun do not re-

gard it as an (evil) omen, be not surprisedor alarmed Sch. mfsan(dan) bcds^-pa),and mfsan-med having characteristics and

having none, (v. also Was. 297), terms with

which Buddhist speculation loves to play,cf. Kdpp. I, 597. 2. genitals Med., Pth.,

gen. preceded by po or mo; mfsan- dbye

prob. the genitals open themselves Med.;hence in Lhasa the word fsan-zug (q. v.)

might be misunderstood for painful affection

of the genitals. 3. sin-tu mfsan ce-bar

gyur-te is at one time applied to Buddha,at another to men, thus leaving the true

meaning doubtful.

Comp. and deriv. mfsdn - mKan sooth-

sayer, astrologer, frq. mfsan-c/rdn and

dgu- mfsan prize, crown of victory C. -

mfsan -brjod calling upon the name of a

deity, enumerating its characteristics and at-

tributes 6s.; mfsan-don something similar(?).

mfsan-nyid prop. : 'the sign', the essential

characteristic, sometimes even implying the

true, innermost essence of a thing, whilst,

on the other hand, it is also used merelyfor 'mark' in general; cos-kyi mfsan-nyid

ston-pa, /cdn-du cud-pa prob. to show the

true essence of doctrine, to receive it into

one's own mind Dzl.; mfsan-nyid-pa Mil.

n. of a philosophical school of the present

day, stated to be the same as bye-brdg-pa;it is much in favour with the Gelugpa-sect,and the principal object of their studies is,

to ascertain the literal sense and original

spirit of their doctrine; they love disputa-

tions on these subjects, and may be con-

sidered the representatives of speculative

science among the Tibetan clergy. Odus-

byds-kyi mfsan-nyid mi-rtdg-pa yin the

essential property of all that is compoundedis liability to decay Glr. ; property, quality

Doman; symptom, indication, ndd-pa sos-

paimfsan-nyidan indication that the patient

will recover S.g.; mfsan-nyid ysum the three

marks or characteristics in the doctrine of

'perception' of the Mahayanists, kun-btdgs,

yzdn-dbdn, yons-grub Was. 291; mfsan-nyid

bsdd-pa Schr. : definition; so it seems to be

used in Thgy. mfsan-rfags= mfsdn-ma

Wdk. mfsdn-pa marked, K6r-los beingmarked with the figure of a wheel Glr.

mfsdn-dpe for mfsan dan dpe-byad Glr. -

mfsan-yzi Lex., Sch.: 'the cause of a sign

or symptom, an object' (?).

m san ~mo W., *fsan*, night *fsan

ca dug*, W. night sets in;adv. at

454

6.l~~ mfsd-Iu

~AA'~' mfBd-lu 1. also 'I'td-mfsa-lu LeJ:.,&h.: a horse with white fe(,t.­

2. v. {!a--Iu.

~V mfaaga &h. = (sags 4, (satp-bzdli

byidfa.

~cE!:;' muan v. ot8ati-ba.

~~. m(8an 1. resp. for min, name, esp. thenew nnme which everyone receives

that takes orders; m(san rsdl-ba l. to givea name Gir. 2. to take, to assume, a naJUeGIr., title IV, - 2. marie, sign, v. m(san-ma.- 3. night, mf8dn-mo.

~~(.q") m(801l(-m4) il'1f11J. 1. sign (rta.98nnd /tas). mark, loken, badge,

symptom, d6n-med-pai m(sall-ma yin it isa sign that it would he fruitless lVdti.;mtsan-ma odeb3-pa to make Q. mark, to mark(e.g. with paint) GIr.; ut8lowM-la maJigt­dig bydA-pai m(son.-ma byfn-TlfJ8 making as.ign to the queen, ~ignifying: do not fear!(that she hnd nothing to fear); m6dn-masmfwn-pa to represent Q. twog by a signor mark Lu.;rgyal-poi mfsdn-ma (or 'frogs)hid-po (ace. t() Indian notions) the five royalinsignia, turbao, parasol, sword, lly-flapand coloured sandals; shape and peculiarcharacteristics of separate paris of Ihe body,IU8-~yi '11Iuan Dzl. J:!-,I.., 5, esp. as lDnrksof beauty, sk!Jes-bu Un-p<ti '11I(san sum-eu­rtsa-fnJP cr. s~'!Jls-bu; m(san dwi dh!fibsQS to limbs and stature DzI.; m6an(-ma)hzan(-po) and nane-pa) good and evil signs,tokens, symptoms, prognostics, Crq.; Mora­iu-pai dge-mfsan propitious signs GIr.,emphnt.,good, favourable sign, some special(good) qoolity, m(san dan ldan-pa possess­ing such quality, superior, excellent, frq.;m(san-ma rMfl-pa to prol'e, to examine,signs; m(san-mar sgdm-pa l,<) take as a.nomen Sch., m(,an-mar ma hzwi do not re­gard it lIS an (evil) omen, be not surprisedor alarmed Seh. - m(san(dali) hCds(-pa),and m(san.-mld having charMteristics andhaving none, (v. also Was. 297), terms withwhich Buddhist speculation lol'e.s'to 1,lay,cr. Kiipp. I, 597. - 2. genitals Moo., Pth.,gen. preceded by po or mo; 'l(§attrdbye

~cM;;f m(san-1IIO

prob. the geJlitals open themselves Moo.;hence in Lhasa the word (,an-zU9 (q.v.)might be misunderstood for painful affectionof the genitals. - 3. Mn-tu mtBan li-hargyUr-u is at one time applied u. Buddha,at another to men, thus leaving the truemooning doubtful.

Compo and deriv. '11Iudn - milan sooth­sayer, astrologer, frq. - m(san-gra>i anddgu-lrdsan prize, crown of victory C. ­m(,an - br)6d enUing upon the name of adeity, enumerating itscharacteristics 8lld at­tributes Ga.; m(san-dOn something sim..ilar(?).- tn(salWlyid prop.: 'the sign', the essentialcharacteristic, sometimes even implying thetrue, innermost essence of a thing, whilst,on the other hand, it is Also nsed merelyfor 'mnck' in general; l6s-J..yi '1Il{san-nyidstOn-pa, 1..'6/i-du 'tVd-pa prob. to show thetrue essence of doctrine, to receive it iotoone's own mimI lJzi.; m(wn-nyid-pa Mil.n. of a philosophicnl school of the prescntday, stated to be the same as bye-brdg-pa;it is much in favour with the Gelugpa-sect,and the principal object of their studies is,to ascertain the literal sense and originalspirit of their doctrine; they love disputa­tions on the3e subjects, and may be con­sidered the representatives of s(lecnlati\'escience among the Tibetan clergy. - "dus­b!Jds-A'!Ji m(san-nyid mi-rtdg-pa yin theessential property of all that is compoundedis liability to decay Glr.; property, qualityJ)Qmllli; symptom, indication, nud-pa so,,­paimtlJalWlyidan indication that. the patientwill recover S.y.; m(san-nyld fBum the threemurks or characteristics in the doctrine of'perception' of the MahaYllnisls, kun-Magl,fMn-dhd'i, yo>;s-griJ.b Was. 2ill; mfsan-nyidbUd-pa &hr.: definition; so it seems to beused in ThfIY. - m(san-rfdgs _ '11I(san-J116Wdk. - m(san-pa maned, it6r-Ios beingmarked with the figure of a wheel Gir. ­m(sdn-dp4J for m(san da4 dpe-b!Jud Glr. ­m(1411-r::i Lu., &h.: 'the cause of a signor symptom, an object' (7).~~jf mf,an-mo IV:,. "uan", ?ighl "!san

ca dUff, w: wght I'llW 1U; adV. ,I

mfsams

455

mtiaiiu

night, by night, in the night time />.'.. H' .-

Vsan-/a*; cfei mfsdn-mo Dzl. in that night;

fsan i/aii, hdti (<></ /<'/</, W. also *fsan-fse-rc*,

the whole night; also adv,all night; mfsan-

dkyil, mfsan -gun , mfsan-pyed midnight;

t/tfsan-stod, mfsan-smdd the first, the second

half of the night; mtsan-stdd-kyi rmi-lam

a dream before midnight Med. mfsan-

dus night time. mfaan-byi (W. *fsan-bi*}

bat -- fsan-sin W. I. chip of pine-wood,

2. pine-wood. 3. pine-tree. mfsan-sd byed-

pa to keep watch during the night *ScA.

mfsams 1. intermediate space, in-

terstice, border, boundary-line, rgya-

gdr dan bdl-poi mfsdms-na, rgya-bdl-gyimfsdms-su on the border between India and

Nepal (?//.; mfsdms-kyi nags-Krod boun-

dary-forest Glr.; fia-mfsdms (vulgo san-

f*dm) frontier of the country Glr.; de-nas

Odoms Ina-brgydi mfadms-nas at a distance

of 500 fathoms from that place; bar-mfsams-

na yodil lies in the middle between; ri fan

mfsdms-su where the mountains are conti-

guous to the plain; byan sar mfsdms-m in

the north-east (cf. no. 2 below); cu Ogrammfsams - su (between the water and the

river's bank) close to the edge Wdn.\ dei

mfadms-nu (with regard to a royal dynasty)

intervening, a usurper, interrupting the regu-lar succession Glr. ; ces-pai fsig mfadms-nas

when these words were uttered, at these

words Tar. 1 27, 1 1; sgo(i)-mfsdms a narrow

opening of the door, sgo-mfadms-nas sleb

(he or it) enters through the cleft of a door,

equivalent to our 'through the key-hole';*fadm-la cug-e* W. to preserve, to put

(plants) between (paper), to pack up (glass

in straw).-- mfaams ebyor-ba 1. to close

interstices, to stitch up, to sew together (the

separate parts of a shoe) Mil. 2. Sch. : to

occupy a certain space, to enter a womb',to embody one's self in human flesh, so it

seems to be used in Thg-r. and Mil. 3. to

take a resolution, to form a plan, to conceive

an idea, to settle in one's mind, like //</-

pa, cf. sbyfo-ba I, 2; II, 2 6'., W. mfsams

Obyd-ba to split(?),&ra sminysdr-dumfsams-

bye rtaub Jcyil S.g. -the hair of the head and

the eye-brows splits, divides again, is grow-

ing thin, crisp, and interspersed with bald

I

> hires, which is alledged to be a symptomof approaching death, yet hardly founded

on correct observation, nor by any means

clearly defined; Schr. has: skra mfaam*

Obyi'd-pa to part the hair on the top of the

head. mf*ams-med-pa 1. adj., Sk. anan-

tarya, without interstices, continuous, = go-

mf-iams-med-pa v. go 1, Dzl. 2. sbst., Sttk.

anantarya, Was. (240), 'where nothing is to

be interposed between a deed and its con-

sequences, where the consequences are not

to be averted', a deadly, capital sin Dzl. and

elsewh.; mfadms-med-pa Ina, i e. inexpiable

sins, are: parricide and matricide, murder

of an Arhat (dgrd-bcom-pa\ or of a Tatha-

gata, likewise causing divisions among the

priesthood. dus-mfsdms intermediate time

Cs. mfaams-sbydr the Sanskrit diphthongs

e, o, ai, au; mfsams-sbyor-pa and -ma, a

bawd, Cs. mf^ams(:-kyi)-zu(-ba'))also

Ofsams-zu, an expression gen. occurring in

modern Tibetan letters, winding up the

complimentary phrases of the introduction,

and passing over to the proper business of

the letter; for the immediate sense of the

phrase I found no explanation.- - 2. the

points of the compass, mfsams bzi the four

cardinal points of the horizon; mfsams brgyadincludes the intermediate points, south-east

etc., mfxams drug denotes the four cardinal

points together with the zenith and nadir.

- 3. demarcation, partition, break, pause,

stop, mfsam* ycod-pa to make a stop or

pause with the voice in reading Gram. ; esp.

to draw a line of demarcation about one's

own person, whether it be by a magic circle

(Dow.), or by retiring to a solitary house,

either for the sake of private study (Zam.\or which is most frq. the case, for religious

meditation, (*fsdm-la ddd-ce* W.)in the cell

of a cloister, or in a hermitage or cave in

the mountains, the seclusion lasting some-

times for several months, during which time

the scanty food is silently received from

without through a small aperture. Such

seclusions are undergone by some in the

night, by night, in the night time Dzl., lV.:'''llll-la~; llei 7II(~d1l..mo Dzl. in that night;t~a1l gan, ('all (og·fIIg, W: also ~(.an.(u-I"f.",

the whole ni~hl; nlso ad,', all night; m(8all_(/},:yil, "1(1a'1 - !Jli,j, m(.a1l - pyed midnight;lIl(sa'l.-.lltdd, fIl('lm~lIIdd the first, the secondIlalf of the night; m(.all~.Md·~yi rmi-la/lll\ drenm before midnight A/«1. - m(.all­rlri. night time. - mua7l·byi (lV. ~(.a7l-U·)

bal - (.a1j·ij,j lV. L chip of pine-wood,2. pine-wood. 3. pine.tree. -m(.an-.O blJM­fa to keep watch during the night &1,.~~~. lIl(~alll' 1. intermediate space, in-

terstice, border, boundary·line,Tgya­gdr da,j lxil'poi m(~dlll$-na, rgya-bdl-gyimudma-m on the border between Indill.lUldNcpnl Gb·.; mtldma-A:yi nag.-J.'rdd boun­dary-forest GIr.; 1a·m(sama (vulgo .an·(,dill) frontier of the country Glr.; at-11Mod()7ll' lita-brgydi m6dm,-1I1U al a dil;tanceof 5OOfathoms from thnt place; bar-Wl(sama­na yod it lies in the middle between; ri (wimffdma-m where the mountains. l1fe conti_guous to the pb.in; bya,i "ar m(sdmNU intbe north-east (cf. no. 2 below); Cu .,gramm(,aml .," (between the water and theril'er's bank) close to the edge Wdli.; dcimudmNU (with regard to l\ royal U)'lll\St)')intervening, a usurper, interrupting the regu­L'l.r succession Gir.; th-pai Mg m4dml--nIUwhen these words were uttered, at thesewords Tar. J27, II ; 19o<t}m(,dlll$ l\ nurrowopening of the door, .go-mftdm,·,l(U ,lth(be or it) enters through the cleft of a door,equil'alent to our 'through the key-bole';·(."dm ·la tug.te· W. 1(1 preserve, to put(plants) between (paper), to paek up (glassin straw). - m(60m, lbyor-lJa I. to closeinterstices, 10 stileh up, to sew together (theseparate parts of Il. shoe) ~lil. 2. &h.: 10occupy a certain space, to enler a womb',to embody one's self in humnn lIesh, so itseems to be used in Thgr. and Mil. 3. totake a resolution, to form a plan, to conceivean idea, to settle in one's mind, like o!JJd­pa, cf. ,bydr·ba I, 2; 11, 2 C., W: - fll(.al1\lob]ld-ba to split(P),d:ra ,min r,dr-dllm!laml­bye r~ub,)yil S.g.·the hair of tb.p tnd Dud

tho eye-brows spliu, divides again, is grow­ing thin, crisl', and intenperscd with baldlllnces, which is alledged to be • symptomof approaching dtath, yet hardly foundedon correct obsen'ation, nor by any meaDIclearly defined; &Ar. has: d-ra m,"amlobyCd-pa to part the hair on the top of thehend. - mua/1~-lIled-pa l. adj., &1:. linan­tarya, without interstices, continuous, - go­mf'am.-med·pa v. go I, Dzl. 2. sbst., &/(.dnantalya, WIU. (240), 'where nothing is tobe interposed between a deed and its con·sequences, where the consequences are nutto be averted', a deadly, capital sin Dzl. andelsewh.; m(ddml-7lltd-pa ma, i e. inC%pinblesins, are: parricide and mntricide, murderof nD Arhnt (dgrd-boom-pa), or of a Tathn·gata, likewise causing divisions among thepriesthood. - dlU-m(.dmt intermediate timec,.-m(.oal1\l·.bydr the Sanskrit diphthongsll, 6, ai, nu; m(,allll-lbytir'-pa nnd -ma, abawd, Q. - m«am,(-l:yi)·:U(-ba), alsoof6am,-iu, nn e:xpression gen. occurring inmodem Tibetan leHers, \\;nding up thecomplimentAry phrases of the introduction,and passing over to the proper busines.; ofthe letter; for the immediate sense of thepbrase I found no expllLnl\tion. - 2. thepoints of the compass, m('a/1~ bH the fourcnrdinal poinlsofthe horizon; m(.a#l-Ibrgyadincludes the intermediate points, south"'CllStetc., m(;aml drug denotes the four cardinalpoints tegether with the zecith l\Dd nadir.- 3. demartalion, par1ition, break, pause,stop, m(,am, rWd-IKJ to mllke " step orpause witb the ,'oice in reatling Gram.; esp.to draw a lice of demarcation about one'sown person, whether it be by a magic circle(Dam.), or by retiricg lo II solitaf')" house,either for the slllte of private study (7"al'1.).or which is most frq. the case. for religiousmeditntion, (·(.dm-1a ddd-Ce·1V.)in the cellof III cloister, or in a hermitage or cave inthe mountains, the seclusion lasting some­times for several months, duricg which timethe scant)' food is silently ruei"ed fromwithout through a s.mall aperture. Such~elusion~ A \I1ldergone b)' some in the

456

mtsdr-ba mfso

sincere belief, that they will acquire there-

by higher gifts and abilities, by others

merely to increase their odour of sanctity.

mfsams sdom-pa Mil. has a similar signi-

fication. spyad-mfsdms rules, instructions,

defining the extent and limits of a person's

duties. 4. symb. num. : 6, v. mfsams drugabove.

mfsar~^a 1- fair, fine, beautiful,=

mdzes - pa Zam.,Glr. frq., mfsar

sdug dan Iddn-pa id , e.g. bu-mo Glr.; also

of flowers; bright, shining, of metals Stg.;

*nydm-fsar-wa, 16-fsar-wa* admirably fair,

wonderfully fine. 2. wondrous, wonderful,

marvelous, gen. with no, no-mfsar-can zig a

wonderful, distinguished, eminent man Mil.;

rten no-mfsar-can a wonderful image (of

some deity) Glr., in both instances equi-

valent to wonder-working, miraculous; no-

mfsar-mcod-pa a marvelous, extremely rich

offering Mil.; more frq. no-mfsar-ce-ba e.g.

marvelous things, events, miracles Dzl. ; mi

srid no-mfsar-ce impossible! most wonder-

ful! Glr.;no-mfsar-ce-ba ma yin that is not

so very wonderful Dzl.; strange, ridiculous,

ytam sin-tu no-mfsar-ce Glr. 3. no-mfsdr

wonder, surprise, astonishment, no-mfsdrskye-

ba, no-mfsdr-du Ogyur-ba or Odzin-pa, no-

mfsar-rmdd-du Ogyur-ba to wonder, to be

surprised. --4. no-mfar-ce an expressionof thanks, = bka-drin-ce, de-ltar yin-na

Kyed ynyis-ka no-mfsar-ce if that is so, then

both of you receive my best thanks! Mil.',

yons-pa no-mfsar-ce thanks to you for your

coming! Mil.

m sa^ Cs - a^so fsal vermilion,used

(among the rest) inst. of red ink for

writing; mfsal-pdr a printing with red ink

Cs.; mfsal-lcogs-pa(?) Sch.: 'clear vermil-

ion' (?); sku-mfsdl resp. for Tcrag blood Cs.

mfsuns-pa (W. *fsogs*} similar,

like, equal, Ka-doy as to colour

S.O., sna-ma dan like the former, bdud-

rtsir like nectar S.g. ;bdud dan mtsuns you

are to me like a satan, you are a satan

to me Pth.; lhai sdug-bsndl dan ca-mfsuns-

pai sten-du besides their sharing all the

imperfections of the gods Thgy. ;dus-mfsuns-

pa a contemporary Mil.', mfsuns-med, mfsuns-

brdl, without an equal, matchless, incomparable ;

sems dan mfsuns Iddn-pa explained by Was.

(241) as: manifestations of mind, those out-

ward signs by which the mind manifests

itself as existing.

m sun (Zam - Ssk-'?K*S(,

raw flesh)

1. Cs. : meat for the manes of the dead,

ytdn-ba to bring an offering to the dead,

skyel-ba to send one; mfsun-ytdr explainedin Wdn. by si-bai don-du ytor-ma ytoh-

ba\ mfsun-ytor ster-ba Wdn. --2. Sch. :

tutelar deities, household-gods, or rather the

souls of ancestors; so Dzl. 3?, 16 (another

reading is bfsun); also in mfsun-ytor, if mtsun

be taken as a dat., it may have this signi-

fication; mes-mfsun household-gods of the

Shamans Sch.

mfsur v. fsur-mo.

mfsul-pa the lower part of the face,

nose and mouth, the muzzle of

animals Mil.; bill, beakiSeA.; W. *ndm-fsul*

nose; mfsul-pa Ogag the effect of the gall

entering the nose(?) Mng. ; Ka-mfsul ( W.

*h-am-fsul*} face, seldom in B.

mfse-skyon Wdn.?

mfse-ldum n. of a medicinal herb

S.g.

mfse-ma {W. *fsag-fug*') twins, bu

mtse-ma ynyis dus fcig-na Jcruns-

so Pth. two twin -sons were born simulta-

neously; mfse-ma ysum-po three-twin-child,

trigemini Wdn.

mfsed,Sch.: dur-mfsed, place for burn-

ing the dead.

mfseu a small lake, mfso dan mtseu

lakes and lakelets Pth.

'

mtser-ba Ofser-ba.

mfso 1. lake, frq. 2. for rgya-mfso

sea, rarely. 3. symb. num. : 4. -

Comp. mfso-dkyil, mfso-dbus the middle of

a lake. mfso- K6r an assemblage of manylakes Cs. mfso-Jiyoms v. Jlyoms. mfso-

Ogrdm, mfso-mfd border of a lake. mfso-

snon Glr., *sog-po fso-non* C. the blue lake,

Kokonor, in Mongolia.-- mfso-cu water,

'56

sincere belief, that they will acquire there­by higher gifts and abilities, by othersmerely t.o increase thei.. odour of snnctity.m(&o"u $dern-pa Mil. bas a similar signi.fication. - tJ!yad..mfddms rules, instructions,definiug the extent and limits of a person'sduties. - 4. symb. num.: 6, v. m(8a"u d''U9above.

c:/~~':l' mfsdr-ba 1. lair, fine, beautiful, =. mdzh ... pa 7..am., Glr. frq., mt&ar

,dUfJ danldan.pa ill, e.g. bU.mo Gir.; alsoof Oowers; bright, shining, of mem!s Stg.;·llyam-(sar-u:a, [Q-(611r·,ca· admirably fair,wonderfully fine. - 2. wondrous, wonderful,marvelOUS, gen. with no, 1i6-mriar·can Zig awonderful, distinguished, eminent man Mil.;rten n(M7ltsa,··~an a wonderful image (ofsome deity) Glr., in both instances equi­valent to wonder.working, miraculous; rio­mfsar-mldd-pa lJ, mM.elnus, extremely riehoffering Mil.; more frq. rio-m!3al·-ce..ba e.g.marvelous things, events, miraeles Dzl.; mi$rid rio-mf~ar-ce impossible! most wonder­ful! Glr.; rio-mf3ar.lt-ba ma yin that is Dotso vcr}' wond("rful D::1.; strange, ridiculous,rtam Jin-tu rio-mf~ar-ceGir. - 3. rio-mffd,·wonder, surprise, astonishment, rio-mffd"k!Je­ba, rio-mfsdr-du o!!'JUr-ba or odzin-pa, rio­mffar-rmdd...Ju 09!Ji1r-ba to wonder, to besurprised. - 4. nO-'III(ar-a an expressionof thanks, _ bka-drin.ce, d~-ltar yin-nall!Jed )'Ilyh-ka rio-m(sar-l~ if tbat is so, thenboth of )'OD receive my best thanks! Mil.;ydm-pa .io-mf8ar-CJ thanks to }'ou for yourcoming! hIil.~~' m(sal Cf. also ffal vermilion. u~ed

(among the rest) inst. of red ink (orwriting; mffa~r a printing with red inkCs.; mf3al-IMgs-pa{p) &h.: 'clear vermil­ion'(?); J:u-mf~dl resp. for fray blood Cs.~~C~·.q· mf~Ulis-pa (W: -f8lJfJ~-) similar,

like, equal, lia-do!! as to colourS.D., ana-rna dan like the fonuer, fxlud­rtsir like nectar S.U' j Mud dmi mUUlia youare to me like a salan, )'ou are II. satflnto me Pth.; liIai wll1J-bsiui.l dati ca·mfsuns­pai ,tbi-du besides their sharing all theimperfections of tbegods TJv.J!J.; !fU,-mt6uti,-

pa acontemporary Mil. j mfsun,-mM, mfsu!it­{n'dZ, without an equal,matChless, incomparable;ICm8 dati mf~ul'i8 Min-pa e1plained by Was.(241) as: manifestations of mind, those out.­ward signs by which the mind manifestsitself as existing.~~. mfS/1n (Zam. _ &1:....., raw flesh)

I. Ca.: meat for the manes of the dead,rtd1i-ba to bring an offering to the dead,skyel-ba to send one; mf8.un·rtdr explainedin Wdn. by U-bai d6n-du ytdr-ma yUM­ba; mf,un-rMr stir - ba lVd/i. - 2. &h.:tutelar deities, household-gods, or mther thesouls of ancestors; so D~l.~, 16 (anotberreading isbfsftn)jalso in m(sun-ywr,if m(8UIIbe taken ns a dat., it may have this signi­fication; mea-mf8un household-gods of theShamans Se!l.~~ mfsur v. f8Ur-mo.

~~~'.q' mfaUl-pa the lower part 01 the lace,nose and mouth, the muzzle of

animals Mil.; bill, beak &h.; W. -ndm-fstd*'nose; mf~itl-pa oyay the effect of the gallenteriug tlte nose(?) Mng.; /{a-mfsul (W.-/{am.(ful!) face, seldom in B.

~~~C· mf8e-s1:ydn lVdli.~

~~~~. mfae-ldlim n. of II medicinal herb~ S.y.

~~~. mfsMna Or. -fw[I-(uU·) twins, bumtu-ma myif dIU r~(q·na 0Iint1i,­

IJ() PtA. two twin·sons were born simulta­neously; mfse-ma l'fum-po three-twin-child,trigemini Wdn.~~\ mfw,Sch.: dur-mfMd, place lor burn­

ing the dead.~AA' m(seu a small lake, 1/If,o dan mtseu

" lakes and lakelets Pth.

~l-::.:=:r mfMr-ba = ofser-ba.

CJ,7( mfac 1. lake, frq. - 2. for ''9!1a-mfsoseft, rarely. - 3. symb. nam.: 4. ­

Compo mfso-dkyil, mf80-dM, the middle ofa. lake. - mfso-ilOr an assemblag~ofmanylakes Cs. - mf8()-o01l!Jdllu v. oK!JfI"I$- - mfao-­ounim, mfso-mfd border of a. la.ke. - mfao-­~/idnGlr., -WfI-JM f3o-n,qn- C, the blue lake,KqkoDOJ', in Mongolia.. ....,.. mua-cu water,

/i.s vapours, mtsn-i-Ub* waves of a saint that represents the heaveug, that re-

lake. -*tso-ldg* (

'. inlet, creek, cove. sembles the heavenly space Mil.

'fo-laij-tW ('. strait, channel. n afnvrH*H^ Owo-fa v. mfsa-lu.

nttMHj-pa v. Jsog-pa.

s,Tj-rn'T mfsdg-ma L^.,also

spot or tender part of the head',

vacancy in the infant cranium, = fsdits-pai

mfsogs adv., *fsogs-se* adj., W. for

/ttfxu/'/x or Odra, similar, like, equal;

*an~re-zi fsogs rgydl-la mi dug* they are

not so good as the English; *#o t/a/i /ia-Za

t/ii;/-/'t(il fsog-seyod* with him and with methere is the like disaster, misfortune visits

us equally.

'tnfson, 1. also mfson-ca, any pointed

or cutting instrument, mfson- cas ytub-

pa to cut to pieces with such an instru-

ment Dzl.', weapon, arms; mfson fogs-pa to

seize a sword, to take up arms Dzl.; mfson-

jifis ojig-pa to destroy, to conquer, with

the sword Ma.;mfsdn-ca rndm-pa bzi Stg. :

sword, spear, dart, arrow; go-mfson armoryand arms; ru-mtson v. ru\ mfson-Krdg blood

drawn by cuts or stabs (used for sorceries)

Lt. mfson-gyi dru-bu an attribute of the

gods, resembling a coil or ball ofthread Wdn.;mfson-skud sgril-ma Thgr. id. (?). 2. also

fson fore-finger, mtson-rtsa the pulse to be

felt with the fore-finger; mfson gan a finger's

breadth; mfson gan mar a finger's breadth

\o\verMed.;mfson-pa a four-fingers' pinch(?);sin mfson-pa zig a handful of sticks Mil.

mfson-pa 1. v. mfson 2. vb. to

set forth, bring forward, adduce, state,

quote, exhibit, examples ofgrammatical forms

etc. Gram.', Odis mfson -nas illustrating it

by this, setting this up as an exampie Gram.](It's kyan sgyu-mai dpe cig mfson also in

this may be seen an instance of deception

.I///.; dpes mfson-pa to illustrate by par-ables Mil.

;mfsdn-mas by a sign Grant. \

so prob. also: am-ban ynyis del ntfs(in-fHti

dmdg-mi the soldiers brought forward bythe two Chinese officials

;it is also alledged

to stand for to make, to prepare C. rndm-inka mfson-pa i rndl- bi/or-pa prob.: the

fut. Itsag, imp . (sot/ (t ra 1 1 s toc

/ /

pa), to cause to trickle, to strain, filter, sift,

squeeze, press out, Jtrn-m<'ir /'>%-/>a(partic.)

oil-miller Dzl; to draw off, <lmu-cu to tap

(a dropsical person) S.g. Cf. fsdg-ma, tsag*.- 2. adj. thick, fat, obese /.

QrfSffc" ^<^C' o^a/'j 1'tfauii fault, error, offence.

sin, df Ofsdii-du ce that is very

wicked, a great offence; mii or mi-la Ofsaii

bru-ba or dru-ba 1 .to spy out another's faults,

to upbraid him with them, to accuse him

Do., C., W.; *fsan ^og dhii-wa* ('. id.

2. to irritate, provoke, make angry C.

nj^r'n* Jsdh-ba, vb. I. pf. fsaits, fut. btsa/lt^)

1. to press into, to stuff Sch., Ofsdii-

I>a byed-pa id. Sch.;ndn-du Ofsdns-pa L<\i:>-.

prob. pressed into, stuffed inside, so Sch.:

Kri nan fsdns-can a stuffed seat; dbugs //

Ofsdiis-pa out of breath, panting (in the

heat of pursuit) Mil.', dbugs stod-du Ofsans-

nas skadmi fon Mil. I am pressed for breath,

my breath stops, I cannot utter a word

(for ardent longing); stod- fsdns, rluii- fsdns,

Ofsdr'is-la pan, all these expressions imply a

want of breath, not sufficiently to be re-

conciled to the original meaning of the

word. - - 2. *sii-la fsdns-sc yofi-ce* Ld. to

attack a person with open violence, opp.

to a stealthy attack. II. pf. sans, which

verb, however, occurs only in Qfsan-rgyd-

bar Ogyur-ba to become Buddha Dzl. frq.,

Ofsan rgyd-bar Odod-pa to aim at Buddha-

ship, and sans-rgyds (having become) Bud-

dha. Besides this form, there exists also

a verb sdn-ba, pf. (6)sas, to clean, as may

easily be proved by examples. The whole

\\ill perh. become clear, if we presume,that the form Ofsa/i-ba for the present tense

is now obsolete, occurring only in reference

to Buddha, as quoted above, and that the

root sati is now used as present tense in

the following significations: 1. to remove

(impurities) like Oddi/-p<i to make clean.

29*

".fao.rMA~ VIlPOUn, ~t.rwb. ..aves of.lake. - ·6o-big" C. inlet. creek, cove. ­·(o-Jay-4d· C: strait. chaMeL-,

~'.:;:tT:r .,l.og.pa " • •66g-/HI.

~~'~r ..l~ 1..I.,also mlM¥l-ytlil (i.,'~IIOt or tender part of the head',

u("f1ncy in the inflUlt crftniuPl, - (iUili.-pai

bU-gt'-It.!~'~f 1Il{~8 ouv., ·(ItQgI_lt· nuj., W: for

mt,ul" or .dnJ, similar, like, equal;·""-r4-:i {80!J8 T'[!!JU1-la fIIi duff they Arenot so good lIS the English; ·I!o duli lid-lu(/u9·"dl (Mlg-uyod" wilh him lind widl meIhere is tile like disaster, misfortune visitsu:> equaU)"~-....: 1N601l, 1. a!SOlrl66n-M, any pornted

or cutting instrument. .,(..m-e41 rt.b­IHI to cut to pieces with such an ios'l u­ment D:l.; weapon, arms; ll/60n logtJ-fHl toseil:e a sword, to take up :trms D:l.; m6dn­!!!P- .Jfg-pa to destroy, to OOOqllU, withthe sword Ma.; m6dn-la rndl/l1Kl bzi 819''­sword, spear, dart, arrow; gt>-l11(sdn armor)'And armS; ru-muon v. ru; '11{lOn_lr"ug blooddnlwo by cuts or stahs (u:;ed for sorceries)IA. - m(lOli-gyi dN-l!u on Attribute of thegod:., ruemblingaeoilor bnllofthread WdN.;.'{Mm-J..ild 'fJri1-ma TAgI'. id. (?). - 2. also(IOn fore·finger, tfItt6n_rw tbe poise to befdt 'l'l'ith tbefote-Iinger; ,"Wit gr.Uc Il fioger'sbreadtb; .,6011 gaJi WUJr a lioger's breadthlo....erMtd.; .6dIJ.paa four--fingers' pioeb(?);lili .(tM-pa ;;iy :I. h:wdful of sticks MI1.

~~:r .,lsoll-pa 1. v. m{solt - 2. l·b. 10setfllfitl, bringlorward,adduce, state.,

quete, elhibit. examplet o(gmwmltieal fonnsetc. Grum.; .di~ ml"on-ftus iIIustTatiug itby tbis, setting this up asno eXllwllle Gram.;dn l'!JaN. '!lyu-tllal dpe n!J :111(80'1 also in,llis olay be seen ao instance of deception)fil.; dp- t1ll.on_pa to illustrate by par­ablee Mil.; ~lld"'.,"(Q b)' a sign Gram.;SO prob. also: l:m-balt PI~ <ki fHl"oll-paidlfl4g-lfli the soldiers brought forWArd bythe t"'·o Chinese officials; it is also alledged10 staod for to make, to prepare C. - rna..­MIa ,"66n-pai "/(jl-.~-pc l'l"fb.; \be

liIlint tlllli reprersentl tbe hNveUl, that rc­H:IIIoHes the heavenly spue .Mil.

t;AA~ .faa.l. T • ..6«-1...

~:r.l:MJ.g-pG J. Tb., I,f. M'p, buagt,fut. haag, imp. r.oy (tranol '0 .d:uv­

pu), 10 cause to trickle, to strain, fitter. 'ift,squeeze, press out, .'~I1l-"lIir 6tiY-l.1a«(lartic.)oiJ~mil1er D:l.; to draw off, dmu_~ to tap(a dropsical penoo) S.fI. Cf. {.ay.ma, /.8U!J"- 2. Adj. thick, fat, obese I.A!~.

~£J:..' C4~. olsQ/i,lI'l(sa>llauN,emH',oflence,, sin. fb .{sdil.-du 'CI that is ycry

wicke<~ _ great olTeuee; ",ii or tlfi.-la .tsa;'brif-ba or drU-ba 1.to spy out another's laults,to upbraid him ....ith them, LO aecuse himDo., C., IY:; .6aJj _O!J l/lw-tM· c: id. ­2. to irritate, provoke, make angry C

"~'::r .t!ait.-ba, ,·b. I. pf. (1a,;S, fut..btaaJi(?)l. to press into, to stuff SdI.. olldN­

fa 6!1~ id. &1.: Mit.-d...6dN.-pa ILU.prob. pressed iuto, stuffed inside, so &It.:li"i flan {sdns-ron a stuffed seat; dbug-a fur.{sQ,i••Jla out of breatb, (ll\Dtiog (in tbeIlent. of pursuit) Mil.; dbu.!fl dod·dll o(sal'i ....t1Ua .kadmi (on Mil. I fllU pressed for breatb,my breath stops, I elLDDot utter" word(foJ"llTdeot loDging); ,tod-.lsdJit, rlw'-.faans,.hdlis..[a pan, all these expressioos imply a....Ilot of breath, not. luflie'ently to be re­eODeiled to tbe original meliDing of the....ord. - 2. ·sir-la bdit~ !J6i.-«. Ld. ~aUa<:k 1\ llerson witb open "iolenee, opp.to a stealthy atau. _ n. pl to";" 'l'l'hicb\'erb, he""e"er, oeeurs only in.~­bar .,gyVr-/,a ttl become Buddba D:L frq.,.(raJi rg!Jd-bar oddd-pa to aim at Buddba­ship, aod sa;'.-"!lYtit (having become) Bud­dhJl,. Besides this form, there (>xists also" verb sdN-ba, pf. (b).alis, LO c1clln, as Illayefl&ily be !ll'QVed by examples. The wllole'(I·ill peril. beeome clear, if we presume,tbat the form .l.a~-ba (or the lirelient leu",ilJ DOW obsolete, Ottumng only in refueoeeto Buddh., as quot.ed abOle, and tbat theroot .salt is now uied as prt'llE'nt ten~ inthe followiog sigui6eaWD : 1. to ~lI'lOYt

(i"!'Pnptlf) - Jike ~df-pts - Ie" dean,

".

458

san-ra fsdl-ba

* dan sdit - te med* W. ( the soot) having

yesterday been removed, there is none just

now;*san dug, san cos* W. it is cleansed,

swept clean,*bag san, nye-pa san* the

contamination, the sin, has been removed,

done away with C.; snyun sans the disease

is removed Pth.; skyo-sdns byed-pa to re-

move melancholy, to recreate or amuse one's

self; to comfort others; skyo-sdns-la Ogro-

ba, skyo-sdns byed-pa to take a walk, to

take a ride Pth., C.; mya -nan sdn-ba to

comfort Rh., to console one's self; esp. 2. to

recover, to come again to one's senses, ra-

ro-ba-las from intoxication Dzl.; yzim-pa-

las from a deep sleep Dzl.;

also construed

as before: bzi Glr., *ra* W. from a drunken

fit, and this agrees with a sufficiently authen-

ticated signification of the Ssk. root budh,

so that sans-rgyds would after all be the

literal translation of ^ff (contrary to -Bwrw. I,

71 med.), taking the signification of the

name, accord, to Tibetan notions, to be:

'the man that has entirely recovered from

error and come to the knowledge of ab-

solute truth'. That sans-rgyds be the same

as perfect, holy, seems to be a mere ety-

mological conjecture of Cs. - - 3. to take

away, to take Off, *Keb sdn-wa* C. to un-

cover. 4. to be spoiled, to become unfit,

useless,*w6-masahson* C. the milk is spoiled,zom sail Odug = san

Odug the casks are

leaky, are running out.

Q JcTr-x' Ofsan-ra Sch. : theneck of the thigh-bone

;fsdn-rai fsil the fat attached

to it C.

Ofsdb-pa, pf. fsabs, bsabs, fut. bsab,

imp.fso6,to pay back, repay, refund,

skyin-pa a loan Lex.;

cf. fsab.

Q^q'O^q* Ofsab- fsub hurry, confusion, per-

plexity, fear Sch.-y

also: Ofsab-

Ot'sdb-mor ynds-pa to tarry in fear, to he-

sitate in apprehensions Tar.

Ofsdbs-pa, pf. fsabs, imp. fsobs

Sch. : resp. to be afraid; Lea;, blo-

* &dm(s)-pa 1. = Jaw-pa (?)

fit, suitable, in accordance to?

in conformity with, de dan Ofsdm-par S.g. ;

so-sdi byor-padan fsdm-par Tar. accordingto their ability, in proportion to their pro-

perty. 2. frq. and mostly erron. for

mfsdms-pa.

Ofsdr-ba, pf. fsar 1. to be finished,

completed, terminated, snon-la fsdr-

ro Glr. it was the first that was finished;

to be at an end, consumed, spent, *nor fsdr-

te son* W. the money is all spent; esp. as

an auxiliary, to denote an action that is

perfectly past or completed (where in the

earlier literature zin stands), in later books

with the termin. inf., yohs- su rdzogs-par

fsdr - te when . . . was completely finished

Glr.', vulgo the mere root is used, esp. in W.,

*fsog fsar-rama fsar* are they assembled, has

the meeting begun already?*lam -la zug

fsar, son tsar, kal fsar* he is on the way,he is gone, it is dispatched ;

fsdr-ba byed-pa,

fsdr-du Ojug-pa Cs., *fsar cug-ce* W. to

bring to a close, to finish, to terminate. -

fsdr -fcod-pa i.to destroy, annihilate, e.g.

diabolic influences, infernal powers Pth.;

to defeat, overcome, in disputation Mil.;to

excel, surpass, sgyu-rtsdl-gyis Glr.-, to punish

Tar. 2. for ysdr-ycod-pa Pth. 2. to grow,

grow up, thrive, of little children W.; Ofsar-

skyed growth Mil.

<fsa l-> sgro-bai- fsal- gyi Ka-brgyanMil.?

"

Ofsdl-ba, imp. Ofsol eleg. 1. to want,

wish, desire, ask; when followed bya verb, the latter stands in the termin. inf.,

or the mere root of it, and more esp. that

of the perf. form, yah dan mjal Ofsdl-lo I

have a mind to go to see my father Dzl.;

blfds-par Ofsdl-te wishing to see Dzl.; fugs-

la bzag Ofsal I wish it may be borne in

mind Glr.; ysun O fsal I beg you to speak

Mil., bzun O fsal please take Pth.; pleon.

Jc-rid-par zu Ofsal Glr.; esp. as an intimation

of willingness, de-ltar Ofsdl-lo yes, we will

do thai Mil., or like our: very well! Further:

pd-la nor ma Ofsal-tarn has he not asked

the money from his father ? Dzl.; gum yan

ci Ofsdl why does (the king) want to kill

me? Dzl.; del don mi Ofsal the profit of it

I do not desire Glr. 2. to eat, btsan-dug

"'dali ~{M·tt '1Ilt(I· IV. (the soot) havingyesterday been removed, there is Done justnow; ·Stllt dug, sali WI' IV it is deunsed,swept clean, ·obog sali, nyi-pa Sal,"' thecontamination, the sin, bas been remo\Ocd,Jone away with C.; snyun swis the diseaseis removed Pt.!l.; sJ.1!(Nd,is bykl-pa to re­move melancholy, to recreate or IlIDUS6 one'sself; to comfort others; sltyo-sali3-la ogrO­ha, skyo-sdtis byed - pa to take u. walk, totoke a ride J'th., C.; m1/a-rian sali-ba tocomfort Ptk, to console one's self; csp. 2. torecover, to come again to one's senses, ,'0­

ro-ba·/cu from into.xirotion D::l.; rzbn-pa­1«8 from n deep sleep D::.l.; also construedas before: bd Glr., ·"0· lV. from ndruokenfit, and thisll.grees withusufticient.ly authen.ticated sigoification of the Ssk. l'<)Ot budll,so that smis-'gyas would after all be theliteral translation of~ (contrarytoIJurn.I,71 med.), tllking the signification of thename, aceord. to Tibetan notions, t.o be:'the man that has entirely recovered fromerror and come to the knowledge of ab­solute trnth'. That sa,ls-r!JlJus be tbe sameas perfect, holy, seems to be 8 mere ety•mological conjecture of w. - 3. to takeaway, to take off, ·Ileb sun ·,ca· C. to uo·cover. - 4. to be spoiled, to become unfil,useless, ·'wQ-maswlt,Q1j·C. the milk is spoiled,::Ont san .dUf} - -'an .dltf} the casks areleaky, are rl.lIIniog out.

~~:"' .(sa,i-ru Sell.: theneckor the thigh.bone; (swj·rai {sil the fut attached

to it C.~~::r=r .l!!lib-pa, pf. fsaus, usafu, fut. fuab,

imp. f!iOb, 10 pay back, repay, refund,skyin-pa a loan Lu.; cf. {sah.~$' .(saJ:.fsub hUrTy, confusion, per-

pleXity, fear &k; also: .fsab­.fgab-mor ymis-pa io tarry in fear, to he­sitate in apprehensions Tm·.a,a;.q~=r ofsrilJ8..pa, pf. ham,. imp. (sow

&1,.: resp. to be afraId; Le.z. fAn­o(gubs id.(?).

~(~)":r of3dm(s)·pa 1. - .taln-pa(?)fit, suitable, in accordance to,

in conformity wilh, de daJi cl.1~,r-par S1J.;

S().40i iJ!JO/,-pa dan.(,am-par Tal". llCCOrdingto their ability, in proportion to their pro­perty. - 2. frq. and mostly erron. for1Il(sdms-pa.

~~~.::r .(sur.ua, pf. {sar 1. to be finished,completed, terminated, ,n(in-la (Wr.

rt) Glr. it was the first that was fioishcd;to be al an end, consumed, spent, ·nor (w/'­

i.e 3On· W. the money is ill spent; esp. asnn auxiliary, to denote an action that isperfectly past or completed (where in theearlier lit.eco.tufl)::in stiulds), in later bookswith the termin. in£., yOn' -,u rt:ktJ[I8. pal'(su" - i.e when ... was completely finishedGlr.; \"ulgo the mete root is used, esp. in lV.,·(sogfsar-ra ma (sar· are theyassembled,hasthe meeting begun already? ·lam-Ia zuy(sur, SOlt (~ar, kal (sar'" he is on the way,he is gone, it is dispatched; (WI'·Ua b!lM.-pa,{s&r-du Ju.g-pa 0., ·(sar Cug-ct· w: tobring to a close, to finish, to terminate, ­(sur -ytod-pa I. 10 destroy, annihilate, c. g.diabolic influences, infernal powers PiJ..;to defeat, overcome, in disputation Mil.; toexcel, surpass, s!J!Jlt-I·uril.gyis Glr.; to punish

. Tar. 2. for pdr-yOOd-pa Pill. - 2. 10 grow,grow up, thrive, of little children IV.; .tro/"­'kyCd growth Mil.a.cY••r o{sal, sfll"O-bai·.(,al. 9!Ji r:a~lny!yan

AliI. fa.h'~'::r .(,&l-/)a, imp. ofsol eleg. 1. to want,

wish, desire, ask; when followed loya verh, the Illtter stands in the termin. inf.,or -the mere root of it, and more esp. thatof the perf. form, yab dali m)«l o(sdl-/o IhM·e a mind to go to see my father Dzl. j

uUds-par o(gdl-Ie wishing to see D::I.; iU!Js.La uzag o(sal I wish it may be borne inmind Glr.; fSU.1i ."at I beg you to speak.11l1., 6:::un .f,al please take Pt/l.j picon.i':rid-pal" zu o(sal Glr.; esp. as an intimationof willingness, di-ltar o(sul-w yes, we wiJIdo that Mil., or like our: yerywell! Further:pd·la 'TIor 1tla isdl.rom bas he not askedthe money from his falher? D::L; gumyaili:i .(sal why does (the king) want to kiJlme? Dzl.; dei dM 1Ili o(sal the profit of it1-40 not desire Gir. - 2, to eat, ul8an-diJ9

tsdl-ma

459

poison />:/.; /H//-/HIS L

fs,i(-f,' eaten by mice

/)z/. ; /(/o ?/</Ofmi I-ha r eleg. for /(/on wit

:d-lmr without doubt Zte/. -- 3. to know

so ito- fsdl-ba appears to be used for

ii<>-ti<'x-l><t.and in a passage ofS.O. it seems

in imply to understand. - - 4. in certain

phrasrs : Ji<l t*<il-l><t to use diligence 7'//////. ;

bm O fttdl-ba I. to swear /W/.(?), 2. to have

a cold Mil.; pyag Ofsdl-ba to greet, salute,

ing.

Ofsdl-ma Cs. = fsdl-ma.

-Of&g-pa, pf. *%, to burn, to destroy

by fire, (/roit-Kyer mi dan bcas-pa

(he burned) the town with its inhabitants

Pth.; mes, mer, vulgo *m-la* with fire;

rnii i-par entirely, completely/)^.; more

loosely : fsig son he burnt himself, scalded

himself etc.; also of food, burnt, injured bythe heat; Jsig-gam am I burning? (thinks

one suffering of fever) Med.\ of inflammation,

v. mig- fsig; of any violent pain Dom. ; to

be glowing, of the evening- sky W7.; *fsig

Jug dug*C. to be in the rut, the copulating

of larger animals.

-

and oSfc*izrfsiit and <&**?*Mng. ?

Ofsir-ba, pf. tsir, btsir, fut. ytsir,

btsir, imp.fsir W. *btsir-ce*lo press,

mig with the finger on the eye Med.\ ndn-

gyis to press hard Sty.; to press out, an

ulcer; to wring, a wet cloth; to crush out,

til-mar sesame-oil Lex.; ^o-ma Ofsi'r-ba to

milk; *tsir tag jhtf-pa, or tdn-wa* C. to press

hard, to examine closely, to hold a rigorous

inquest; />fx>'in-mo-la yan fugs ytsir can-bar

<j!/i'ir-to Pth. also the queen's mind was much

depressed

oft^-Pa Pf- fsu98 (intrs - of

Odzug-pa), 1. to go into (more

frq. fswc?-pa), to enter upon, begin, commence,

stdd-pa Jbid-ba-la fsugs he began to praise,

to flatter. - - 2. to penetrate by boring ,v.

pur-pa-, to take root, to establish one's self,

to settle, rtsd-ba ma fsugs it has not struck

root; Jbrog Ofsugs-su yema- dodMil., prob. :

they had no longer any mind to establish

themselves in this alpine solitude; brtdn-

gyi skyid-mgo dt-na (*uyn this was the be-

ginning of my lasting happiness Mil.' most

frq. fsugs-pa as partic. or adj. : firm, steady.

r!,'ai't-l<i</ ma fsugs-tf sd-la ^ytl-to his limbs

not remaining firm (in consequence of a

paralytic stroke), he fell to the ground />,-/. ;

*kdn-pa tsug-kyin dug* sit quiet with yourfeet! I^d. ; Odug mi hugs-pa Med., fsa /fu mi tsugs-pa l*th., *do'-fituy m#-pa* < '..

*ddd-du mi fmg-Kan* W. not being able

to sit still; not stationary, unsettled, roving,

restless, volatile, flighty, inattentive, *///O/-/HM

skdd-cig kyan mi fsugs-pa Glr. id.; *foug-

la dod* W., be attentive! to be able 6'.

<fsud-pa, pf.fsud (intrs. to Odzud-

pa) to be put into (a hole), to prison

Glr. ; to go into, to enter, to get into (a goodand wholesome way), to go to (hell); ///-

du v. Ji'on Of$ud-pa.

-._%.-.. ofsub-pa, pf. fsubs, 1. to whirl, of

whirlwinds, snow-storms, smoke

etc. Mil. and elsewh. - - 2. to be choked.

esp. to be drowned, nya cab-la O j'yo-ba </*///>

mi srid the fish swimming in the water

cannot be drowned Mil.;cus Ofsub-pa Mil. :

*fsub-te si* W. he has been drowned.

3. spy6d-pa Ofsub-pa pugnacity, of fowl Glr.

ofse-ba 1. vb. pf. btses, fut. btse, ytee

(Dzl.} to hurt, damage, injure, perse-

cute, torment, mi-la Ofse-zi>'/ yawl-jut fn/,',1-

pa, or ynod-cin Ofsc-bar byed-pa id.; also

sbst., enemy, persecutor Mil.; ycan-zdn-la

sogs-pai Ofse-ba dan beds-pa (a place) haunted

by beasts of prey or any other noxious

creatures Thgy.; the term is also applied

to horses that bite each other. -- 2. sbst.

(spelling uncertain) psalterium. the third

stomach of ruminating animals M .

Jwff-W Pf- fay** in P- ^</(s)' ^repay Cs.

fMH-bd, pf. prob. Ofsens, 1. to in-

crease, improve, thrive, opp. to /!//>

ba W. 2. to be content, happy Mil.

Ofscd-pa 1. v. Ofs6d-pa.-- 2. v.

bsed-pa.

ofsem-pa pf. fsems, btstms, fut.

btsem, imp. teems, W. *ts?m-h'* to

sew. *//'>Nf*<

:m-(-e'i rax* materials for a gar-

!mison D::l.; hyi..JJoa .(~fil.u eldtn by miceDzl.; }'do'l mi oMl-bar eleg. for }'Jon mi::f1.bar without doubt D::l. - 3. to know(~.; so i/l}••{adl-ba appears to be used for~~~-"(I, nnd in n pnssage of S.O. it seemsto iOOI)ly to .understand. - 4. in certainphrllses: olxul o(3<U.ba to use diligence '1'/If!!l;b,.o o($dl.ha 1. to swear /'th.(?), 2. to have• cold .11it.; 1~!I(l9 .(~dl.ba to greet, salute,v. iJ!Jflg.

~.:5':.j'oJ,f' o(sdl-ma U. = (uit-1II0.

,\~.q' o(sig-pa, pf. (sig, to burn, to destroyby fire, gl'Oli.A'!Je,· mi dwi beaa-pa

(he burned) the town with its inhabit.antsPtl,.; lIltll, mer, vulgo ·11I~-lao with fire;'''ldm.par entirely, completely D::l.; moreloosely: (ng so,i he lournt hims('lf, scaldedhimself etc.; also of food, burnt, injured bythe beat; 0{sI9""f!mn nrn I burninA'? (thinksone sull'eriDgof fc ...er)Med.; of inflummll.tion,\'. 1IIig-o(s;g; of any violent ruin Dom.; tobe glowing, of the e,'ening-sky IV.; O(siy.1119 .daffe. to be in the ru~ the cOllulatillgof larger Ilnimals.~. aod ~~t::.w.q' o(si,i and .lsi,is-1Xl

MI;g.'!a~''''.:::j· /sir-ba, pf. 'sir, blAir, fut. }'tr,ir,~ btsir, imp.(si,. W ·btsir-I..e"to press,mig with the finger on the eye Med.; 'ian­g!Jia to press llnrd S'9'; 10 press out, anulcer; 10 wring, n wet cloth; to crush out,til-md,. sesnmc-oil Lu.; ..o·ma o(si,..oo tomilk; ·u,i,· tagj!,t.pa,ortdil-wooC. to presshard, to examine closely, to hold a rigorousinquest; btsiJll-111o-lu yan {ugs rlsir ci/li-bal'g!Jur.to Prj" also the queen's mind Wll8 muchdepressed,%tl}'~f.q· o{sugs -pa, pf. ($agl (intrs, of

ockug-pa), 1, to go inlo (morefrq'of.ud.pa), 10 enler upon, begin, commence,atdd-pa obM-ba.la (8afP lie began to praise,to natter. - 2. to penetrale by boring, v.ful'fU; to take roo~ to establish one's self,to settle, rtsd-bu ma (mg, it III'S not struckroot; .bl'fJ!/ 0($1<9S-II'!lt tIla·odooMil., prob.:they h"d no longer "Dy mind to l'stnblishthcmselves in this alpine ooIiludc; "lrlil:,.-

gyi d.·,'1kJ..ti'f!'J dJ.11UJ1 (,a9' tlli~ was the be­gioning of my lasting bnppineu Mil.; roMtfrq. (,ufIS-l'u as partie. or ndj.: firm, steady,,·l'(ui.ldy mo Mega-It tlI-la .!I!lI.to bis limb.1I0t remnining firm (in ('onscquence of "pllrnlytic stroke), he fell to the ground /):1.;o.hM-ra (aug.kyill I/W/ sit quiet with yourfeet! IA.; .d!/!! mi r.(u'p.p" Mtd., AU rrig•III tIli (1II1!J8.pa 11/~, °d!I'.(lJUg 1I~ -1}(/.· C.•·dad-du til; (tug.A'ulI· lV, not beinR ableto sit still; oot stationary, unsettled, roving,restless, volatile, flighty, inattentive, &P,'fdd-pa.d:dd·t'1'y k!Jwi tIIi (.uf!'-pa Gil'. id.; ·(,ug.10 dod" IV., he attentive! to be able C,%'....q. oftiid-pa, pf. (.ud (iotrg. to ol1::('d-

1 po) to be put into (0 bole), to prisollGII'.; to go into, to enler, to gel into (a goodand wbolesome wny), to go to (bell); /"0,;­llu .... };oft o{~ad-pu.

~.q' o{$ab-pa, pf. (.am, 1. to whirl, ofwllirlwinds, snow·storms, smoke

etl'. Mil. and elsewh. - 2. to be choked,esp. to be drowned, nyu cab-La oPtJO-ba .tallbmi &rid the fish swimmio~ in tile watercannot be drowned .Mil.; em .(.ub.pa .Mil.;o(tab-te ii· W. be hns been drowned. ­3. 'pyOd-pa o(sub-pa pugnacity, of fowl G{r.a.~.:::j' o(u-ha 1. ,.t>. pf. btsrt, fut. btM,}'Ul!

(Dzl.) 10 hurt, damage, injure, perse·cule, tormen~ m;-Io ili-hli mdd-pa byM·pa, or }"ntld-Ci,j o(,i--ba,' b!lM.pa id.; al.iOsust., enemy', persecutor .Mil.; )'colI-::dll-16sdgs-paio(»bo dait lKcb.J!u (" place)ltnuntedby bellSts of prey or no)' other noxiouscreatures TI'g.'!.; the term is also appliedto horses llu\t bite ench other. - 2. i-bSI.(spelling unccrlllin) psalterium, the lhirtlstOlDacil of ruminating lInimah 1I~

a?':n·.:.j· .61g-pu, rf. (~, imp. (""fI('), to'"\""'1 repay G:.a.~'.:::j' .{shi-bU! pf. prou'.o(t/ill, 1. I~ .i~.

crease, Improve, II1nve,ollll. too1/1'"ba W. - 2. to be content, happy lllil.a;~'!'I' o(,M·pa 1. Y. of4dd-pa. - 2. ,'."'031 ~ bM.l-pa.

~'.:.j' o{.hn.pa pf. {U-III', 1,1_1', fut.b/~lII, imp. (lJ/'NI8, 11'. ·tsi-III~ to

sew, "t~ tii1m.-c(i rln° lOlIterials for a gill'-

460

Jser-ba *T Ot'sod-pa

ment; Of$em-skud thread for sewing; Otsem-

Kab needle. --Ofsem-drub needle -work 6s.

fsem-srub'W. seam. Ofsem-med without

a seam; Sch. also: without interruption.

>!_._.ofser-ba, I. vb. to neigh Pth. and

vulgo. II. also mfser-ba I. vb.

to grieve, to sorrow, and sbst. grief, sorrow,

resp. fugs- fser, cf. fser-ka; Ofs&r-can sorrow-

ful, anxious, Ofser-med free from sorrow, easy.

2. to be afraid, to fear 6'.,Mil. 3. to

shine, to glitter, and sbst. lustre, brightness,

splendour, brilliancy, of light Lex., of jewels

Dzl.;dkdr-zin (or dkdr-la) Ofser-ba to be

of a shining white Mil.

cause of uneasiness, source

of care. 2. an old deserted settlement

or dwelling; Ofser-rnym id. Sch.

Otsd-ba, I. vb. a. intrs, pf.

and imp.

sos, 1. to live, rin-du a long time,

lo brgya a hundred years Med.\ nam (or

ji-srid) Ofso'i bdr-du for life, life-long, cos-

kyis, rig-pas, rhon-pas to gain a livelihood

by religion, science, hunting 6s., or: to lead

the life of a cleric, scholar, hunter; srid Otso-

ba to pass life, to continue in a state, to exist,

frq. ; Odu- dzii ndfi-du Ofso mi pod-do in the

throng of the world I cannot exist Dzl. ( W.

*son-ce and fse pid-ce*).-- 2. to remain

alive, to be maintained in life, Odi ma byds-

na mi Ofsoo else we shall not remain alive,

we shall not be able to live Dzl.; to revive,

to recover, from sickness etc. Dzl.; sos-par

Ogyur-ba id, frq.; si-ba-las to be rescued

from peril of death Dzl. 3. to last, to be

durable, of clothes etc., W. : *mdn-po fso-ce*

to last long, to be very durable; Ofso-ziu

sdod-pa to remain valid, binding, to retain

its virtue, efficacy, of laws, doctrine etc.

- 4. to feed, to graze. b. trs., pf. (6)sos,

fut. /so, 1. to nourish, lus the body; to

sustain, srog life;

to pasture, to feed, pyugs

Ots6 -ba-la kyer- ba to lead the cattle to

pasture Pth., pyugs Otsor pyin-pa id. 2.

to heal, to cure, nad Lt.;in this sense the

fut. form is used as a vb. for itself, q. v.;

Ofso-byed, fso-mdzdd Mife-giver', i.e. physi-

cian, medicine.

II. sbst., also Ofso, 1. life, mi zig-gi Ofso-

ba bsol-ba to prolong life Dzl.; ^6-cag Ofsdi

rje the lord of our lives, viz. the king Glr. ;

Ofso skyofi-ba to spare, preserve, protect

another's life; to rear, bring up, educate. -

2. livelihood, sustenance, nourishment, enter-

tainment, zld-ba ys&m-gyi bdr-du Ofso-ba

sbyor-ba to board a person for three months

Dzl. ; Ofso-ba-la ma bltd-ste not caring for

the entertainment Dzl.; Ofso-bab zdn-po

good eating and drinking Mil.

Ofsog-cas goods, effects, chattels,

tools, necessaries, =yo-byadLex.;also provisions, provender.

o^.9-P.a) P^- btsags, fut. btsog, imp.

fsog, W. *tsog-ce* 1. to hew, chop,

cut, pierce ;to inoculate, vaccinate, brum-pa

the small-pox. 2. to cudgel, Ofsog-cin rdun-

ba Pth., brdog- fsog-pa id. Dzl. 3. also

mfsog-pa to find fault with, to blame, censure,

carp at, teaze Sch.

mfsog-ma.

pf. and imp. fsogs, to

assemble, to gather, to meet, frq.;

Kyed Odir fsogs, ye, that are here assembled

Mil.; mi mdu-po fsogs-pai mdun-du before

many assembled people Dzl.; Jbyun-ba Ina

fsogs-pa the five elements meeting S.g.;

Ofsogs rten-gyi zas-cdn food and drink to

entertain the people assembled Glr.; to unite,

to join in doing something, to associate, to

make common cause; examples v. lugs.

Ofson-ba, pf. bisons, fut. btson, imp.

fson, W. *teon-ce*, to sell, dri Ofs6n-

bai ynas place where perfumes are sold

Stg.; *dan gon-ce tson-Kan-ni mi* W. the

man that yesterday had a coat to sell.

food-pa, Ofsed-pa, (6's.

Jsd-ba?) pf. btsos, fut.

btso, imp. fsos, fsod, W. *tso-ce*, 1. to cook,

to dress, in boiling water, meat, vegetables;

*cu-tsos* W. 'water-boiled1

, dumplings,=

*cu-ta-gir*. 2. to bake provinc. 3. to

dye, <?os a garment. 4. tsos-pa, *fsos-ml<;an*

W* ripe, *fsos son* is ripe; *lddd-pa ma tsos*

Ld., he is a green-horn.

460~':::l' ,,fMr-ba

meat; "f:sem-8k,id thread for sewing: "fwm­l'lib needle. - ,/sem-drilb needle·wcrk C3.- of/Wrtl-$,-i,{) W seam. - o{fJ(!lJ/-mid withouta seam; Sch. also: without interruption.~~',:::r ,,(,)r-ba, J. vb. 10 neigh Pill. nnd

vulgo. - II. also mlalr-ba L vb.to grieve, to sorrow, nnd sbst. grief, SOITOW,

resp. (U93-,,{~I', cr. [tel'-J.:a; o(kr-ean SOITOW­

ful, anxious, o(3~'-mM. free from sorrow, easy.-- 2. to be afraid, to fear C., Nil. - 3. toshine, to glitter, and 8Ust. lustre, brightness,splendour, brilliancy, oflight La., of jewelsDzl.; dkdr-:iIi (or dkdr-la) "Uir-ba to beof n shining white Mil.¥i:,'~'> ~~.~.o(ser-8a, m($/,:""o. 1. &11...

cause of uneaslness,soureeof care. - 2. an old deserted settlementor dwelling; ofser-rJlyiil id. &11.(:l,~=r "fs6-00, 1. vb. a. intTs , pC. and imp.

a::. 3011, 1. to live, ''iIi _du a long time,to bl'9ya a. hundred years Mi!d.; 71am (or)i-3Tid) ,/wi bd"-au for life, Jile·long, (0&­k!Jis, d!!-pWl, ,.,iQn.-p.u to gain a li\-elihoodby religion, science, hunting (8., or: to lendthe life of a cleric, scholar, huoter; srid ot.~

000 to pass life, to continue in a state, to exist,frq.; odu-od:ii 1/(ili-du o(w mi li6d-do in thethrong of the world I f1anDOt e1ist D::l. (11':*SOtt-CC nnd (t,e pid-ce*). - 2. to remainalive, to be maintained in life, odi 7lIOo oyds­l1a mi 0(1SOO else we shall not remain alive,we shall not ue able to live D:l.; to rtlvive,to recover, from sickness etc. D::l.; .dI-pm·09yur-ba id, fl"q.; M-oa-IOos to be rescuedfrom peril of death D::l. - 3. to last, 10 bedurable, of clothes etc., IV:: *mdli-po tW-cc*to last long, to be very durable; o(w-zi,jldOd-pa to remain valid, binding, to rct.'linits virtue, efficacy, of laws, doctrine etc.- 4. to feed, 10 graze. - L. tn., pf. (b)sc8,fut. y8O, 1. fo nourish, LUI the Lody; tosustain, srog life; to pasture, to feed, ];YUg.ot~6 - ba ·la ky~r - ba to lead the cattle topasture 1't11., P!JlIfli ot8Or 1;yi1l--pa i(l. - 2.to heal, to CUrtl, fwd Lt.; in this sense thefut. fOnD is used as a. vb. for itself, q. \".;oUo-lJyM, (SO-lIu]:;dd 'life-giver', i.e. physi.ciao, medieine.

II. sLst., also o{so, 1. life, tIIi 't(g-gi 0(86­

oa o!Ol-ba to prolong life D;;l.; ",,~CUJ ofw,lye the lord of our lives, viz. the king Glr.;o{w 8J.:ydlt. 00. to s~lre, preserve, protectanother's life; to rear, bring up, educale. ­2. livelihood, sustenance, nourishment, enter­lainment, zid-oa }'8um_gyi bar-du ofsd-ba.oydr-ba to board a person for three mOllthsD::l.; Iw-bu-la 1IIa bUd-stc not Cllring forthe entertainment D::l.; 0(.0 - bub .::dli - pogood eating and drinking MiL

~~.cs-."i" ofsog-"(U$ goods, effects, chattels,tools, necessaries,-yo-byadU.l".;

I\lso provisions, provender.~..q' ofWg-p,a, pc. buags, fut. buog, imp.

(BOg, n~ ·tsdg-cc'* I. to hew, chop,cut, pierce; to inOCUlate, vaccinate, bnlm-pathe small-pox. - 2. to cudgel, Js69-i:i,i rdiui­ba Ptl,., bn:Mg-Isog-pa id. D::l. - 3. alsomfJdg-pa to find faull with, to blame, censure,carp at, telUe &11.

-< ~ , • ,.M~'O'l', a.a:A]~rO'l· 0 sog-mll, 0 """.Is-1IIa ­

m{sdg-ma.

a.~~f.q· o{sogs-pa, pf. and imp. fsog8, toassemble, to gather, 10 meet, frq.;

~'yed. odir (sog., ye, that are here assembledMil.; 1IIi mli/i-po {slJgs-pOoi mdim-du beforeroany assembled people D::i.; obyiui-ba lliaf:>dgs - po. tJle five clements meeting S.!!.;0{1WfJ8 rt!n-fj!Ji ::U$-cd,i food and drink toentcrtaill the Ilcople assembled Gir.; to unite,10 join in doing sometbing, to associate, tomake common eause; examples v.lufjs.

a.t~·.:,. ofsd,j-ba, pf. otso/is, fut. btsoJi, imp.(so/i, W. *uo'i-Ce", to sell, dri JWIi­

bo.i )'/W8 pll\cc where perfumes are soldSty.; *dUli gOIl-(( tsOri.-rOon-7/i mi* lV. theman that }'esterday bad a coat to sell.

~~"r, a.l~·.q· IsM-Tla, ofsed-po., (C•.ofsd-bu1) pc. b/JKJs, fut.

btw, imp. {SO<l, {sod, lV. *tW-h*, 1. to cook,to dress, in boiling water, meat, vegetnbll's;*Cu-udl* IV. 'water-boiled', dumplings,­*'tit-ta-[Jir*. - 2. to bake pro\·inc. - 3. todye, gos a gllrmcnt. - 4. (8ds-pa, *{Wi-1II1.'a11*n~* ripe, *flWB .!oli*is ripe; "lddd-pa ma fw$*lA... heis fl green-horn,o'__"..~

= 461

} tfl&dfyf* * be a deputy, re-

presentative, substitute ( '*. . //</*

Ofs6b-pa to be the first-born male in a fa-

mily, the support of a family l)zl. ; Of&6b-

IHH- />i/n/-it to substitute, to put in the place

of another Dzl.; yduit-Ofsob-po resp. for

first-born Dzl.

Ofs6l-ba, pf. and fut. 6teo/, imp. fto/,

W. *tsdl-cc*, 1. to seek, to search,

to make research;tub* to think upon means.

- 2. to try to obtain. CY/.S; to procure, acquire

M7.;to fetch T/,

:i.

gfd:<t 1. the letter sounding dz; cf. the ob-

servations to 3 tsa. 2. numerical fi-

gure: 19.

p- f/ca 1. v. dza-ti. --2. dzd-brdun-ba to

break through >'//.

E'y dzd-ti, prop. E;"^",s&. grnft nutmeg^

/,/. and vulgo; sometimes dza for it, po. Lt.

dza-bo-sin Lex. a hollow tree

c?c-^a 1. 5c/i.: 'muddy deposit, greenslime in the water'. 2. C. the mark-

ings of wood, speckled and variegated, in

consequence of a disease of the tree, cf. Ibd-

ba. 3. n. of an ancient king of China Glr.

R'l^!<5" dza-lantra, more accur.

d:<i -/<ht-<///u-ra, n. of a province in the

Punjab, now 'Jellundur'.

E'GU'Tr dzd-lu-kdj cui dza-lu-ka Sch. 'water-

'

spider'; in Ssk. however: leech.

tfn'^' <t~"l>-ra, prob. to be spelt rdza-bra

q.v.

^'n* dzdm-bu, gen. Odzdm-bu, ms(. the'

rose apple-tree, Kugenia, which fi-

gures also in mythology; <l:<int - bui/////?,

dzam-bu-glih, dzam-gliit, ^^a^y, ace. to

the ancient geography of India and Tibet,

that part of the world which comprizes these

countries, the triangular peninsula of Hin-

dostan, occasionally including the imme-

diate border-lands; but as in Brahman and

Buddhist literature all that does not belongto these two religions is considered as not

existing, or at least as hardly human, Odzam-

bu-glin is simply used for earth, world, and

Odzam -bu- gliii -pa, for inhabitant of the

world, man.

r dzdm-bha-la, also dzdm-blut, (ilr.

the Tibetan Plutcs, god of riches.

= iiiam-fos-srds, also rmugs- Qdzin Lej-.,

ynod-Odzin, and ace. to Schf.'s conjecture

(Tar. 6, 1) also ynod-pa-can; dzam-ser

this god painted yellow, dzam-ndg painted

black Cs.

E;' </*/, num. figure: 49.

^r-xrc* dzi-na-mi-tra Ssk. n. of a Bud-"^ dhist scholar.

E(" dzu, num. figure: 79.

dzu-ta Hindi: shoe(.'.,

W.

t^'tb-'fcuh ('

*dlisnb-dhxub jht'-jm*

to wag, to whisk the tail, of horses

and cattle.

E* dze, num. figure: 109.

"p~. dze-tse ( '. *d/ise-tse*, vent-hole for the

smoke, chimney.

R' dzo num. figure: 139.

for yd-yi, v. rndl- byor-pa.

mdzd-ba (7^>.r.= mtvn-pa) to love.

as friends or kinsmen do, Kyo-siiy

Q,~(~r'r o(Mll{~)-JIt1 to be a deputy, reo-presentative, substitute C,.; ri!J1

o(!&!J.pa u> be tile fil'llt-bolll male in "' fa­mily, the SUPIKlrt of a falDily D::l.; ofW/rl'ar hylJ-pa to substitute, to I'ut in tltc placeof another ])::1.; }'Illll' -o(36!J-po l"Csl'. forfirst·born D::1.

:£ d::a 1. tIle leiter sounding dz; cr. tile ob­... servatioDS to ;5 t8a. - 2. numerical fi­gure: 19.Ef' d::a I. v. d::a-ti. - 2. d::li-lmllln..fJa to

break through &h...... oJ ....

c:cj" d::fi-ti, Prol" l:,,',', &k. ~n'T, nutmegr:.,r:.,

1.1. nnd vulgo; sometimes d::a for it, 110. Lt.

Ef·:fJfi:.· d::a-lxNi'i Lu. a hollow tree &/,.

Ef~' d::J.-ya 1. &It.: 'muddy deposit, greenslime in the water'. - 2. C. the mark·

ings of wood, speckled nnd "aricgaterl, inconsequcnce of:1 iliseose of the tree, cf. lOO­bu. - 3. n. of all ftncient kiDg of China Gl,'.

Ef'~C!i' d::a.lantra, more nccur. Ef·~~5·x.:5 r:.. "'1

d::a-lfill-dlta_"a, n. of a province in thePunjab, nnw 'Jellnndur'.g'El7Tj' d::J._llI_J.:a, nil' d:::a-Iu-hl &/1. 'water·

spider'; in &k. !Jowe\'er: leech.

Ef.::rx.: d::J.o·ru, prolJ. to be spell rd::a-braq.v.

E{;j'i;;f d::J.m-lm, gl'n. od::J./Ii-bu, 'Ill"', therose apple.tree, EII!le11ia, which fi­

gures IlIso in mytbology; I[zUIIl- olli 91iti,d.::am-Ou-gli'i, d::am-91b', ~, ace, tothe ancicnt geography of Indi~ nml Tibet,tbat plm of the world wbich compri1.es tlIL'SC

countries, the triangular peninsula of HiD­dOSlttn, occru.ionally including the iwmeo­dinte border-illuds; butl's ill B'rahDuln Illla

'61

oJf,.r=r of3fJl-ba, pf. and fut. hUOl, imp. (101,W *t$dl·c;-, 1. to leek, to search,

10 make research; talA to think upon means,- 2. to try to obtain, Zet'; to procure, acquireMil.; to fetch 'i'llg.

Buddbii'lt literature all tlLat docs not belongto tbese two religions iii considered as notexisting, or at least as hardly hum3D'od::am_lm'gU" is simply used fOf earth, world, andod::am - bu - glbi. po, for inhl\uitant of theworld, man,a;j·.::ror d::J.m-bita-la, also d::J.m-blw, GIl'.

l<) the Tibet:lll Plutos, god of riches,- rnam-fM-sl'tit, also rmrl!la -oddll /'(~.,

fnod·oddn, and uec. to Sdif.'a conjecture(1'ar. 6, 1) also fmJ<.l-pa·ctlll; tl::alll-';rthis god painted yellow, d::um-mig rllintedblack (,.~.e: dd, num. figure; 49.

E'~~':::: dd-na-mi-tra 8..4:. n. of :~ Uud-"I 0./ dhist scholar.

Ef' 1l.::1~ Dum. figure: 79.~

sf')' tl:u-ta Hindi; shoe G, W.~

a.::ra.:::r d::ulrd::r'h <-: ·d/,~ub-<M~ub jM-pa*'" ~ to wag, to whisk the lnil, of Ilonle5and caulc.

~. d::t, Dum. figure: to9.

e:~' d::e-ttt C ~dhat-f.t" "ent-hole for tilet'wokc, chimney.-,e: d::o num. figure: 139.

0:"1..... e:,. d::d-h, tb~kiMil., H'dli., \"Illg.'<l for tJ6-tJi, v. rtl<il-ohp-pa.

~"'r.:l'.:::r ftld::tl..fJa (l.u. - ftItlill-pa) to love,I:. ') 0 liS friends or kinsmen do, J.Y0-4itg

462

mdzans-pa "& mdzub-mo

mdzd - ba- rnams a loving married couple

DzL; mdza-zin sdug-par Ogyur-ba loving

each other, e.g. like brothers or sisters, DzL;

mi-mdzd-ba tams-cdd any hostile, malignant

(creatures or powers) Dom.;mi-mdzd-ba-

rnams sdum-pa to reconcile those that are

at variance Thgy.\ brdm-ze mdzd-zin ses-

pa zig yod-de he had a Brahmin for his in-

timate friend DzL] mdza-bses friend, frq. in

conjunction with nye-du or Kyim-mfses Glr.;

mdzd -bo id. DzL etc. and vulgo, rarely

mdzao Thgy.\ still more vulg. Ts.: *dzdn-te,

dzd-mo*fem.] *dzd-wo jht?-pd*,C., mdzd-

ba; mdza- grogs intimate friend Sch.;C.:

husband, wife.

mdzans-pa (Ssk. qfiJS'fT)1 w 'se

j

learned, frq.; mKds-sin mdzdns-

pa, ytsug-lag-ce-zin mdzdns-pa; mdzaris-

blun the wise man and the fool, a relig. com-

position, publ. by Schmidt, together with

a German translation, containing an endless

variety of examples relative to the Bud-

dhist doctrine of future rewards and pun-

ishments; mdzdris-ma a wise woman Glr.

2. gentle, noble, distinguished as to rank,

ya-rdbs mdzdits-kyi bu Glr. po. (The

spelling Odzdns-pa is not of unfrequent oc-

currence, but seems to be objectionable.)

rtfr*r mdzdd-pa, imp. mdzod (W. also"*

'

*dzad*\ to do, to act, resp.for byed-

pa in all its significations, whenever the

person acting is the object of respect, hence

almost without exception with regard to

Buddha; but also in common life: *ci dzad

dug'1' W. what is your honour doing? also

together with byed-pa, grogs byed-par mdzod

cig pray, help me ! further as a sbst. : the

act of doing, the thing done, the deed, mdzdd-

pa bcu -gnyis the twelve deeds (or prop,

incidents) of an incarnated Buddha, viz. the

descending from the gods, conception, birth,

exhibition of skill (i.e. going through certain

chivalrous exercises), conjugal diversion,

relinquishing family-ties, engaging in pe-

nitential exercises, conquering the devil,

becoming Buddha, preaching, dying, being

deposited in the shape of relics;sometimes

even hundred (or rather 125) such deeds

are enumerated Cs.

Comp. and deriv. mdzod(-pa)-po a maker,

composer etc.;

also to be used for creator.

mdzad-spyod resp. deed, action Mil.]

deportment, conduct, like spyod-lam Mil.]

course of life, way of acting, e.g. of a he-

retical king Pth.

mdzdr-ra-mdzer -re Ld.

pitted with the small-pox,

pock-marked ; warty, blotchy, v. mdzer-pa.

S^q-Sf, vulgo ^^r^ mdzub-mo, mdzug-^ ^> ^ gu, 1. finger, esp.

fore-finger; fams-cdd Kar mdzub-mo cug-la

sdod Glr. now sit down and put your finger

into your mouth (for our: put your finger

upon your mouth), i.e. be silent, as becomes

the vanquished; *dzug-gu fti-pa* C. a kind

of covenanting, the two parties wetting their

fingers with saliva and then striking them

against one another, which ceremony is con-

sidered more stringent than that of *do cog-

pa*,v.rdo. The different fingers are: (m)fe-

bo, (jti)feb-mo thumb; mdzub-mo B., *dzug-

gu* vulgo, ston-byed 6s., mfsod Med. fore-

finger; srin-ldd, bar-mdzub 6s.,'f

gun-dzug*

C., kdn-ma Med. middle-finger; srin-mdzub

6s., *srin-dzug* vulgo, min-med (6s., ace. to

Ssk.) cad Med. the fourth finger; (m}fc(-ba)

or feu-cun, *dzug-cun *C. the little finger.-

2. toe. 3. claw.

Comp. mdzub-ker, -kyer or -kydit Cs. a

stiff finger. mdzub -brkydns Cs. an ex-

tended finger. mdzub-skyis finger-ring (==

ser-ydub}Lew. mdzub-Krid a pointing with

the finger, hint, intimation, direction, blo-fe-

fsom sel-bai mdzub-tirid byas lie made an in-

timation that removed every scruple of the

mind Glr. *dzug-gdn* W. a span, mea-

sured with thumb and fore-finger. mdzub-

gug a crooked finger 6's. *mdzub-rten*

vulgo, thimble mdzub-mfo 'a span mea-

sured with the thumb and middle -finger'

Sch. prob.= mdzug-gan. mdzub -rdub

a mutilated finger 6s. mdzub-brdd a hint

or sign given with a finger 6s. mdzub-rtse

tip of a finger Cs. mdzub-fsigs joint of

462

mdzd· La - mams " loving married coupleD.:l.; 1/ldza-zi,j ~dug-par ,,9lJio'-ba lovingeach other, e.g. like brothers or sisters, D::l.;mi-md::u-ba (am8-i':dd any hostile,mnligDan~

(creroturcs or powers) DDm.; mi-md::d-ba­"wms sdum-pa to reconcile those that nreat ""Mance Thy!!.; bram-::e md::d-ZiJi $N­1)(1. Hg yM.de he had a Brahmin for his in­timate friend D::l.; md::a-mb friend, frq. inconjunction with n:l-du or l'yim-mft('S Gir.;md::a-oo id. D::l. etc. nod yulA<', rarelymdz(Jo 1'11f!!J.; still more vulg. Ta.: -d::all.te,dzd-mo· fern.; ·d::d-II»)llf-pa~,C., = md;;d­La; mdza-gr0g3 intimate friend &1l.; C.:husband, wife.&.lgc.~''J' lIwz(uis-pa (Ssk·llf"«1l) 1. wise,

learned, frq.; m.(:<i8-Aiti mdz«hs­pa, rtsug-lag-&-zi,j mikdns-pa; md::u,is­Linn the wise man and the fool, fl relig. com­position, publ. by Schmidt, together with/l. German translation, containing an endlessvariety of examples relative to the Bud­Ilhi5t doctrine of future rcwards and PUll­ishmcnts; mdzlhb-7Ila a wise woman Glr.- 2. gentle, noble, distinguished as to ronk,ya-I'Uln md::d';8-kyi bu Gil'. po. - (Thespelling od::uII8-pa is not of unfrequent oc­CUrrt'nce, but seems to be objectionable.)~g-·.:r '1IId::rid-ptI, ilup. 1uJ:od (11': also

"1 *dzatr), to do, to act, re.;p. for byN-pa in all its signifieations, whenever theperson acting is the object of respect, hencealmost without exception with regard toBuddha; but also in common life: *i:i d:addug" IV. what is your honour doing? olsotogether with b!Jrd-pa,fJl'Ogs uppal' nu/:Odcig pray, help me! further as to sbst.; theact 01 doing, the thing done, the deed, mdzad­pa bi:u - fJnyls the twelve deeds (or prop.incid!'ots) of an incarnated Buddha, viz. thedescending from the gods, conception, birtb,exhibitioll of skill (i.e. going through certainchivalrous exercises), conjugal di\'ersion,relinquishing family-ties, engaging in pe­nitential exercises, conquering the devil,beeoming Buddha, prenching, dyil1g, beingdeposited in the sbape of relics; sometimes

~:{::r;f md::ilb-7Ilo~

even hundred (or rather 125) such deedsare enumerated ~. -

Compo and deny. md.xJd(-pa)-po a maker,composer etc.; also to be used for creator.- mdzad - spyOd rbSp. deed, action jllil.;deportment, conduct, like spy&1-1am .Mil.;course of life, way of acting, e.g. of a he­retical king Ptka:.::{z..•.:;,'e:ie:"~.~. md::ur-ra - md::I!I' ~ rA / .tl.

pitted with the small-pox,pock·marked; warty, blotchy, v. md::h-pa.

;:ji{.::::r~, \"ulgo e.tg~r::f]· md::ilb-lIw, mdz"g-...., ...., ...., gil., 1. finger, esp.

fore-finger; (ams-tad Kar 7Ild::ub-m.o cug~la

sdod Glr. now sit down und put your fingerinto your moutb (for our; pu.t you.r fingerupon your mouth), i,e. be silent, as becomesthe \'unquished; *d:ug-gu (!l'-pa* C. a kindof co\"enanting, the two parties wetting theirfingers with saliva and then striking themagaiust one anothcr. which ceremony is con­sidered more stringent than that of*do Cdg­pa*, V.l-dQ. The different fingers are; (m)fe­00, (tn)fJb..mo thumb; tlldzub....mo 11., *d:ug­gu* \"ulgo, ston-byed Cs., mfsod Nrd. lore­finger; srill-Md, bar-7Ildzub (;8., *giui-d::utJ*C., kun-ma Moo. middle.finger; srin-md:ub~., *srin-d;:uff \'ulgo, ndn-m.,Jd (ClI., ace. to&k.) 'tad MI'(]. the fourth finger; (m)fl'(-ba)or (pu-cuJi, *d::ug-cil,; *C. the little finger. -i. toe. - 3. claw.

Compo md:ub-ker, -klJl-r or -kgu/i (;8. 11

stiff finger. - md:ub-brl."!!ul;s Q. an ex­tended finger. - md:ub-8kyis finger-ring (­Sl!l"'rdub)Ll'w. -md:llb-I.'l"id a pointing withthe finger, hint, intimation, directiol1, blo-(r­(som sl:l-bui md::ub-IMd lnJQl! he made an in­timatiou thai remo"ed every scruple of themind Glr. - *d::ug-gaJi· lV. a span, mea-­sured with thumb and fore-finger.-mdzub­gU!! a crooked finger Cs. - *md::llb-rthl*vulgo, thimble - '1Iul::ub-mto 'a span mea·sured with the thumb and middle-finger'&11.. prou. - md::ug·fJari. - mdzyb_rdilba mutilated fiDger (.8. - mdzub-brdd a hintor sign gi\"en with n finger Cs. - md::ub-rtg,ftip of n finger Cs. - mdzub-fglgs joint of

o

a finger <'*. - >//(/:///>- :<i tliimMr '

*il:n;/-ri* \\'. >inl:nl>-l>rtl<i, *<ku<i-ri-(dti-c(!*

to beckon. mtkuli-xidm a fingered glove

fid

///</;<, Xs/ . 3R?. leprosy (not cancer, yet

infectious, the skin growing white and

chapped) Git'., AW.; mike-can leprous.

"" /: 'r-/w

> jkh'-pa knot,

excrescence of the skin,

wart etc. JAv/.; ///* - ///</~<r S.g. bony ex-

crescence, exostosis ('?); knag, knot, in wood

/>;/.: nnk,T-nu'd knot-hole, in boards.

mikes-pa fair, handsome, beautiful,

nnkes-pai or -mat bu-mo GIr.;bu-

mo mdzes-pa as a tender address to a daugh-ter GIr.; ri-bo nags- fsal du-mas mdzes-paa mountain beautified by numerous woods

;

t/nkes-par byd-bai pyir for show, serving

as finery, ornament Stg. ; fig.: spyod-lam

mdzes-pa a deportment outwardly unbla-

mable Dzl.', lus-mdzes a well-made body,

ydoii-mdzes a handsome face, mig-mdzes a

beautiful eye C's.; nukes-mikes pomp, extra-

vagance, profusion, debauchery Sch. ynod-mdzes name of the rig-tndgs-kyi rgydl-po^.}

Dom., Lex.

mdzo mongrel-breed of the yak-bulland common cow Lt, whilst Jbrirrmdzo

( W' *britti-dzo*) is the hybrid of a commonbull and a yak-cow, mdzo-po a male, mdzo-

mo a female animal of the kind, both valued

as domestic cattle; mdz6-mo-/,'yu a herd of

such animals; mdzo-rgod wild cattle; mdzo-

]>rit<j calf of such cattle; mdzo-ko leather,

n/</:o-mdr butter from a bastard cow, mdz^o-

sadl load for the same 6s.; mdzo-fsd Wdn.

n. of a medicine (of. ba-fsd^).

mdzd-mo, 1 . v. mdzo. 2. oats Sch.

mdzod,Ssk. :ajyfa, 1. sbst, store-house,

magazine, depository, strong-box.iinl:<'nl-du ojvy-pa, sbed-pa to secure, to hide

a thing in a depository, mdzod-nais Od>'i-

pa to fetch forth from it; dkor-wdzod, yfer-

mdzod GIr. ti-easury; ba/i-mdzod corn-ma-

ga/ine, granary; dbyig-mdz6d a safe for val-

uables, fxi'r-nnkod for gold: pyag-nukml

(( N. also tii(k<>d-j>a) treasurer, with kings,

in large monasteries; //////-/////<//:'/</ a trear-

sury of words, dictionary.- mdz<>,l

store-room, larder. mdzod-sru/i treasurer

Dzl. 2. vb. v. iii<l:<t<l-pa.

cr *a7^M

> ^'*^-^J^Tis '

' mdzod-tpu GIr., ace. to < .-. a

single hair, ace. to the majority, a circle of

hair, between the eye-brows, in the middle

of the forehead, one of the particular marks

of a Buddha, from which, e.g., he is able

to send forth magic or divine rays of light.

'mdzdl-bu Les.; Sch.: 'grief, dejec-

tion; a snare, a trap'(?)-

Odza 1. exchange, agio < '. 2. Interest

or premium paid for the use of moneyborrowed Lh.

Odzd-ba, prob. only in the word

cud- dza-ba to be expended in vain

Cs. (?).

Odzdt/-pa, pf. 00ro08, fut. yza/j,

(intrs. toOfsag-pa), to drop, drip,

trickle, sna-tfrdg, sna-cu dzag blood, water,

dripping from the nose ^fed.] */'tal-tag zdg-

ce* the menstrual flow of females (plain

expression for it) W.; mci-ma Dzl.',

Odzdy-pa de-las Jbyuit milk is trickling from

it Wdn.', Odzag -Odzdg -pa to trickle con-

stantly Sch.;in a more gen. sense : to flow

out spouting; Krag yzdgs-pa the blood that

has been shed Dzl.;mfso zdbs-nas zdgs-tc

med-par son flowing off at the bottom, the

lake dwindled away Mil.-, *l>:d-cu zag dug*

W. he foams (with rage); bzin zags-te the

face dripping (with perspiration); *su-gu

zags son* W. the paper runs, blots; some-

times used transitively: kitn-la snyi/'t-btse

mci-ma fzag he is shedding tears of uni-

versal pity Dzl. ?>, 16; sor bai'-nas Od:<i<r

nas letting (the ashes) fall through between

his fingers Mil.

O'l~>".i-'l^'".i mixed, mingled, pro-

miscuously, pell-mell /.''.'./. =

"

Odzaii- dzo/l = ytsan-ytzon.

Odzaris-pa, Le*. = z<id-fKi spent,

consumed, exhausted,

with nor, of rare occurremv.

Jfrtg+ya.

... finger (il. - 1//(/:llb-:d thimble (j,.­

-d:u[/",i" 11'._ lIld:u.b·b'Y/d, "cl::II!J.ri·td/i-l·~

to beckon. - 7Ild::u.b-Jilf,. a fingcrl'd glove&A5f=' 11/(1::(', &1.:. '11'8", leprosy (1I0t Clmcer, yet

-. infcctiou~, the skin growinA' white nndcllll.llped) Gb·., Mrd.; mtl.:e-ron leprous.

.;Ta~....:.I', r.:1'~':.f md:;et-p(l, od.::h'-P(I knot,"'I excrescence of the skin,

wart l'IC. Med.; nl! -lIld::k S.9. hony ex­crescence, e.~O$to$is (1); knag, knot. in wood/)::1,; md.::er-mdl knot-hole, in bOllrds.~~~'.:.j' md,::u-p(l fair, t1andsome, beautiful,

lIIJ,::c!'pui or -ma; bU-1Il0 Glr.; bit­111;;1 7m/.::i!-pa liS n tender address to n daugh­ter Glr.; ri-bo lIa9!-(~dl JK--mo! mdzl!-]J«n mountnin beautified by numerous woods;7/1(l=i31IUr byd-bai ftyir for show, sen-ingas fioer)', OrDllmcnt Stg.; fig.: $[lyM-lummd.::h-pu n deportment outwardly unbln­mnble D.::f.; lm-md::h II well-lnade bod)',rdOli-1/ld:1$ n hAndsome face, mig"md:ls 1\

beautiful eye Cs.; md:~-mc/:l$ pomp, extra­vagance, profusion, debauchery Sel,. - rnod­md::h unme of the rifJ-Illdgs-k!Ji 'Ylydl-po(?)Dom., Lu.iRE' md:o nJOugrel-breed of the }'ak-buU

And common cow Lt., whilst obri-1IId:o(IV' "bn·m..J::o") is the hybrid of a commonbullnnd l\ yak-cow, md.::6-po n male, 1/Id.::6­1.!1(I n fcmnlc animnl of Ihe kind, both "aluedlIS domestic cnttle; md:6-lIIo-l'yu a herd ofsuch nnimnls; lII(/:o-rydd wild cllttle; lIld:o­Jh-ug calf of such Cl\Ule; lIlJ:;o-J.:6Iellther,md:o-lIId,' butter frlJlD n bnstnrd cow, 7m/::p­;ffJuI load for the slime C,.; lIu/'::Q-(~d Wd,i.n. of n medicine {(Of. b(l-(uU).,,"--;:j=:.;r md:6-1/lo, 1. ". md::o. - 2. oats &k

;:je:-' lIId:;od, &k.~, l. sbbt. slore-house,1 magazine, depository, strong. box,

lIuf:dd·(/u Jug-pa, sMl--pu to secure, 10 !Liden thing in II. depository, md:6d_/1U8 oddn­pu to fetch forth from it; dJ..'Or-1tld::QJ, I'tft­tlu/::&d Gil'. trel\sury; bUN-1iUJ.::dd com-D\l'­gMine, grtmnr)'; dbyiY-/Ild.::6d l\ Slife for \'11.1­ul\ble~, rlll'-fllll::6d for gold; l,!/o9-tlU/::Ixl(C5. also md:oo-pa) treasurer, 'fith ki;Dgs,

·U;3

in Illrge monaliteries; 'IIliiHJi fml:oJ II trta­sury of words, dictional'}. - md::oJ -fanstore-room, lllrder. - 711d;:Qd-.rkN Ire.hnrerD:l. - 2. vb. Y. md.::dd-pa.;:jE:.~ ·tJ' md::dd-l/JU,&k.~, .mjll-",t.aNUl-

\~ J..yi fluJ;;&.I_.pu Glr., ace. to (il. asingle hair, nee. to lhe majority, a circle ofhair, bctween tbe c)'c-broll's, iu the middleof the forehead, one of the particular lDark~

of" Budflhft, from which, e.g., he is ableto $Cod forth magic or divine rOYli of light.

;.j~:~..r~r lIId::dl-bu I.-I.r.; &/1.: 'grief, dejec-tion; a snare, a trap'(?).

~~. od.::a 1. exchange, agio C. - 2. interestor premium pnid for tile use of mouey

borrowed 1./1.c:F~.:::r od:11 - bl.l., prob. only in the word

cM-od::u·bu to be expended in vaine<. (').a=:rr.q od:::dg-pa, 1'1'. 0').::a9', fllt. }'::ay,"'r 'I (intI'S. to o(May-pa), 10 drop, drip,trickle, sna-J..lrdfJ' lIla-;';, d::(1[1 blood, water,dripping from the nose Mfd.; "tial-fllfJ .::,1[1­e," the menstnml flow of femnles (plaincxpression for it) n~; lIlci-1l1a D:l.; ~d-lIl(.j

od:dg-})(I dMa' obyu,j milk is trickling fromit Wd,i.; od.::afJ -od:dg - pa to trickle con­stl\.ntly &/i.; in:l more gen. sense: to flowout spolltiog; J..I,·a[l r::o[!$-pa the blood th"thns been shed D::I.; mho :d{o$-na' .::d[l$-temM.-pal' Wi, flowing off nt the bOltom, lhelake dwindled Awn)' Mil.; -~Id-Cu::ugdU[I"W: he foams (with rnge); b:i'l :a91-t, lhefllce dripping (wich pcn;pimtion); "sw-f/U.::afJi 1011· II~ the pnper runs, blots; some­times uscd lronsith'el),: kiln-fa Inyiic-btNtll<:i-flla r:u!J lIe is shedi:ling te,u'S of uni­versal pity D.::l.7I, 16; lOt" ba~nal od:dy­nal letting (the Ashes) fall throngb bel...·ccll

Ilis fingers Mil.c;e:::rn::,g'fn- "fl.:afJ-od::dg mixed, mingled, pro,

I '1 miscuously, pell-mel! Lu.x.-o~'rNgs-pa.

r:.e:,::r.:.E.t:: od::uii-od:dn - tIMJ,i-j·M".

... .:1'" ,. fcmi'-p<I, /..,........ =ucl-I'0 spenl,,..,::: ".... 0 d

consumed, exhausted, cou"MUC

with 1116':' of nuc occurrence.

464

Odzdd-pa, pf. zad 1. to be on the

decline, pf. to be consumed, spent,

ir<.,bsdgs-painor dzadthQ gathered wealth

goes to an end Pth.; snum-zad-kyi mdr-me

a lamp the oil of which is exhausted Glr.;

Uyod-kyi bsod-nams zdd-pai fson-prug-rnams

ye (poor) partners in trade, whose stored-

up merits are now at an end (whilst the

speaker by the strength of his virtue is

saved from the danger in which the others

perish) Glr.', rgydgs-la zad that has been

spent for provisions Mil.;brlai sa zad kyan

yan-no the flesh of the upper part of the

thigh, even after it had been used (after all

had been laid on the scales), was nevertheless

lighter than.... DzL; fabs-zdd helpless

Glr.; t'se-yons-su zdd-pa-las whilst life is

consuming itself Do.', fse-zdd-kar Do., prob.

the same as O ci-/car, at the hour of death;

frq. referred to sin: Qdod-cdgs-kyi sems, dri-

ma kun, nyes-pai skyon fams-cdd, Odod-pakun yons-su zdd-de sensuality and all sin,

desire and defilement being done awaywith, having ceased DzL

; dug Inai Ids-la

zdd-pa med the effects of the five poisons

(q.v.) never cease; Odre-la zad-pa med of

devils there is an infinite number Mil.; zad

(-pa) med(-pd), zad-mi-ses-pa incessant,

endless, everlasting 2. Odis zad with this

it is done, i.e. a. this is the only thing, be-

sides which no second is existing; Odisdon-

ynyer-zin Ofso-bar zdd-na as this is our only

means of making a living DzL', bu niKyod

ycig-pur zdd-de as thou art our only son

Dzl. ; mfon-ba fco-mo fco-nar zdd-de as I amthe only person that has seen .... Tar.;

mfson-bar zdd-de this is limited to seeing,

this refers only to sight DzL U), 12; ynyis

ni min ycig-pa tsdm-du zdd-pas as the two

have only one name Tar.; hence the frequentma zdd-de with the termin. case, not only,

srog Odor-ba Odi Jbd-zig-tu ma zdd-de hav-

ing lost his life not only this time (but often

so before) Dzl. W%, 13; der ma zad(-kyi)

not enough with that, still more, further,

yea even Thgy. b. it is decided, settled,

unquestionable, nor rgydl-pos bzes-par zdd-na

as the fortune unquestionably falls to the king.

Sch.

Odzin-pa

Odzab magic sentence, bzld-ba to pro-

nounce one Lex.

q. Odzdb(s)-pa to strive, endeavour;

to be studious, to give diligence

Odzdm-bu v. dzdm-bu.

Odzam-bur, gun, cannon, *gydb-pa*

C. to discharge."

Odzar bob, tassel, tuft Lex.

Odzdr-ba Cs.: 'to hang down'; yet it

is evidently the prop, present-form

to the pf. bzar and the fut. yzar, which

frq. are used without regard to tense: to

hang up, clothes on a line DzL ; to hang or

throw over, the toga over one's shoulderDzL

and elsewh.

Odzi-ba to abstain from, to be absti-

nent, temperate Sch.

Odzin-ba to quarrel, contend, fight,

mce-, sder-, nva- dzm byed-pa to

fight with tusks, claws, horns Cs.; Odzin-mo

quarrel, contention, dispute.

Q^rsjTr ZT|3C"r Odzins-pa, yziii-ba, gen.

with skra, rarely with

mgo Glr., bristly, rugged, shaggy, of beggars

Dzl,infernal monsters DzL --

sprin-sna

Odzins-mfin-ndg Mil. ?

.<!.. odzin 1. the act of seizing, seizure, grasp,

'

gripe, v. dzin-pa, e.g. nyi- dzin eclipse

of the sun, zla- Qdzin lunar eclipse, (the

heavenly bodies being seized by the dragon

Rahula, v. sgra-ycari), ril- dzin total, ca-

Odzin partial eclipse Wdk. 2. he that seizes,

holds fast, a holder, keeper; receptacle; rdo-

rje- dzin v. rdo-rje; cu- dzin po. cloud, ro-

Odzin po. tongue Lex.; adherent, e.g. in srol-

Odzin. 3. bond, obligation, certificate, e.g.

prod- dzin receipt, acquittance. 4. contract,

agreement, treaty, *zdg-pa* 6'.,*tdn-ce* W.,

to conclude, make, a bargain, a treaty;

yig- dzin a written agreement.

Odzin-can W. sticky, glutinous (?).

Odzin-pa I. vb. pf. (b)zun, fut. yzun,

imp. zun(s), also yzun-ba, bzun-ba

and zin-pa in all tenses, W. *zum-ce*, Bal.

*zun-cas*, 1. to take hold of, to seize, grasp,

.'"ai-'cr odztid-pu, pr. :ad 1. to be on the

") decline, pc. to be consumed, spent.rrq.,bea[p.pai Mrod::ad the Rt'thercd wee.ltbgot'S to lUI end Prkj ''''IJH-::ad-l:yi JlHi,..._a lamp the oil of "hieb is ubftust.ed Glr.;Jyod-ktti lMd-1kfltM zdd.pai (.,j;,-frtv{l-rnullU

)'f' (poor) partner;! in trade, whose stored­up merits are now at lUl end twhilst theli~.IlC1' by the strength of hill ,irtue is8~Wed from the danger in which tbe olbersperish) GIr.; rgyUgNa ::ad that bas been8fll!nt for pro\'isioD3 Mil.; brlai Aa zad k!JfJ1i!Ja;'./io the flesh of the upper part of tbethigh, l,lven after it bad heeo used (after allbad been Inidon thcSCtlles), was neverthel~

lighter Ulnn .... Du.; fab3·;:tid hellllc8SGtr.; (M-!fd",.03lt ::dd-pa-la. whilst life isconsuming itself Do.; (88-::«a.kur Do., prou.tile 118me JI.8 o'!i-lEur, at the hour of deo.tltifrq. referred to sin: ..dod-lags-I.·y; 'e/II', dri­tna A:un, n!Jb,.pai 6lyon (ums-ood, odQd-pa,hm ydnHu ::Ud-dt sensuulity and nU sio,desire and de6.lemeo~ being dODe awaywith, haviDg ceased. Dd,; dug Ma' ld3-lazdd-pa "Itd the effects or the fh-e poilODS(q.'.) Dt"vcr cea.;;e; .dri-lo zaJ-pa mid ofdevil.. there is &II iofioite oWDber Mil.: ::ud(-pa) mid(-pa), ::aJ-mi pa iOCeM8Dt,endless.. e,'erlasting - 2, .du ::ad with thisit is done, i,e, L this ill the only thing, 00­sides whicb DO seeond is existing; .dMd(JIt­rn1Jft"":i;' .fl6-lMr ::dJ.na !loS Ihus is oor onlymeans of milking a li\·ing ])=!,; bu m· t!JodyCig-pur ::tid-de as thoo art our only SflnD~l.; ftlfoli,ba 1q.,,10 I:d-IUU' ::tid-d. as J amthe only person r.ba.1 hll.s seeo , . .. Tar,;mf50li-bar ::dd-dtJ this is limited t.o seeing,this refers only to sight D=!. LV, 12; ynyun, min )'Cfg-pa tilli.m-du :dd-paa as the twoh:we only one name Tar.; ]lellce the frequentma ::r1d-de with the termin. case, not only,!fog .d6r-bo. .Ji .oo-b.'g-tu fila ztid-de huv­ing lO~L hill life not onl}' this lime (bUL oftenso before) D::l, V~, f3; dI:r ma zad(-J:lJIJnot enough with that, still more, further,yea even Thg!!. - b. it is decldet:l,. settled,unquestionable, nOl'T!l!Jdl-pot b:~r ::tid_nuu the Cortone unquestiooably hi'" totbe king.

ai=r .dzab magic sentence, b::ld-ba 10 1'1'O­DOUOce ooe 1A.r,

o.":==l(ltJ\'=r .d::ti.6{.}-pa to strive, endeavour;~ "i'J to be studious, 10 give diligence

& •.

Cl$:;r~ .J.::dm~1l \.. dzaRl.Qu,

c;:[.;q.~ .dzam-bir. gun, cannon, ·gydf;..r·u ­C, to di~barge.

ai.:;.' .d::ar bob, tassel, tuft I~~,

a,g.:;.'.:r .dzar-ba C•. : 'to tlang do'A"n'; yet itis e,·idendy the prop. IlTeSeol-Corm

w the pC. b.::ar aod the Cut. r::ar. whicbCrq. :u-e used withoul regard \.II tense: tohang up, clothes on II. line D::l.; 10 hang orthrow over, the toga o\'er one's shoulder D.::I.fiud elsewh.IJ,~.::r cd:-i-ba to abstain from, to be absti­

nen~ temperale $en.",~~,~, dziir-ba to quarrel, contend, tight,.... =:.... ""'1 0

mEt-, Ider-, rll.'o-.(I:;('; bylJ-l'u t.ofight with tusks, claws, borns G,; .cL-in-flIOquarre~ comermon, dispute,o.~t~'f en;;,:::'r .~'::ili..pa,}'ZiJj-bu, g~,

''- WI!.h al:ro, rudy WIth"'!JO Glr" bristty, rugged, shaggy, oC beggarsD::I • iofernal mo~ D::l. - Iprin~"u

.d...-iit.-mfiit-,wg lVil,!IJ,a- cdzin I. the act of seizing, ~eiz~ g~

gripe, v'cd::in-pa, e.g, ".Y'-p"echpseof the liOD, .::/a -cd;:;n IUDIO" eclipse, (thehe:l\'enly bodies beiog seited by the dragonHabol", \', 19T"a·r~n), ril-.d::in wtnl, ;a­.d::"'~ partial etlipse Hal:. - 2. he that seizes,holds fast, a holder, keeper; receptacle;~r;~.d.::in Y. rdd-rjtJ; lu••dzin po. cloud, ro­.d:-in po. wngue Lu.; adheren~ e.g. in .rot­dz(n, - 3. bond, obligation, certificate, e.g.

prod-cdzin receipt, acquittance, - 4. contract,agreement, treaty, -Mg-pu· C~ -(ti,i-et- lV.,to conclllde, make, a bargnlD, a treaty;!J19-cdzin a written agreement

o.~~'~' .d.::in-tan W; sticky, glutinous(?).

Q,~7i"r .d...-in.pa 1. vb. I)C, (6)::uJi, fut. y.::II.H,-\ imp, :un(l), also )'Ztlli-ba, b::illi-ba

and ::in~a in all tense!, W. -:{,m-h-, Bal.-::im-tta-, I. to take hold of, to seize, grasp,

Odzin-pa

l<i<i-pa-na to grasp a person's hand Mil.;

mgd-nas taking hold of a skull Dzl. %?, 6;

gos-kyi mfd-ma to seize the coat-tail Dzl.]

mi a man, = to catch, frq.; cun-marOdzin-

pa to take wives Glr.; to hold, Idy-na rdl-

gri to hold a sword in one's hand Glr.'

*Kyi zum ton* W., *Kyi dzin (or zin) rog jh6*' .. hold the dog fust! to catch, a ball, rain-

water etc.; bzun-bas mi zin capiendo non

capitur, it (the soul) cannot be taken hold

of Mil.; bddg-gi ydun-brgyudQdzin-pai rgydl-

bu a prince upholding my race Glr.', to hold,

support a certain doctrine; to embrace, an-

other religion Glr., v. below; to take uponone's self, some religious duty. 2. to get,

receive, obtain. 3. to occupy, to take pos-

session of, hold in possession, a country Ma.,

rgydl-sa the throne; to be seized, ndd-kyis

zin-pa seized with a malady Mil., 4. in-

tellectually: to take in, comprehend, grasp, con-

ceive, by the faculty of perception or imagi-nation: dbdn-po-rnams-Tcyi nus-pa zad-pas

yul mi Odzin-pa-amyzdn-du dzin-pa to per-ceive things not as they are, or not at all,

in consequence of weakened senses Thgy.',

with reference to mind or memory : sems-

la, yid-la, blo-la B. and col; to be taken

in, affected, seized, captivated, sdig-pas zin-

pa to be affected, taken, by sin Mil.; fugs-

rjes zin-pa to be kindly, graciously, affected

towards a person; fugs-ma zin-pa to be not

graciously inclined Mil. nt.;bu-mos zin-pa

taken in love with a girl Pth. ; Odzin-pafams-cdd all that captivates me; to choose.

to follow, rt'-Krdd to choose the solitude of

mountains Mil., dmdn-sa to follow humility,to choose lowliness Mil. and elsewh.

; to

embrace, another religion, v. above ; to take

for, to consider, esteem, ita-la dgrar takingme for an enemy //:/.; mi or mi-la yces-

par or sdug-par to value, esteem, love, a

person, v. yb& -pa; par, mar to esteem,

respect one, as a father, as a mother Stg. ;

mld-pa-la yod-par to consider the not

existing as existing Thgr. ; ynyis-su to con-

sider as different, to find a difference be-

tween two things, which according to Bud-

dhist philosophy are one and the same, cf.

ynyis- dzin ; also absolutely, without an ob-

ject being mentioned : diifa-por Odztn-pa to

believe in the reality (of a thing) Mil.

5. r)&-su Odzin-pa v. rje*.

II. sbst. 1 . he that seizes, holds, occupies,

rigs-snags Odzin-pa the holder of a magic

sentence; adherent, keeper etc. - - 2. that

which affects, captivates, in an intellectual

sense, v. above Odzin-pa fams-tdd; the beingseized or affected with, or as we should

say, taking an interest in, v. sub sp6n-ba;also cf. yzun- dzin. Odzin-sky6n, po-brdn

Odii Odzin-sky6n gyis occupy this palace and

take care of it Glr. Odzm-pa the earth.

as a receptacle of beings Sch.

dzim-pa Lt. 1 ace. to one Lex. =

dzin-pa.

dzir-ba,=

to drip Lex.

*T Odzu-ba, pf. Odzus, to enter Sch.

* andazrrsr ^h^s-Pa and

pa, pf. bteugs, zugs,

fut. yzugs, imp. zug(s), (trs. to Ofsugs-pa)

1. to prick or stick into, to set, to prick a

stick, to set a plant, into the ground, to plant,

frq.; to run, thrust, pierce, to run one's self

a splinter into the flesh etc. W.; to erect,

a pillar, to raise, a standard. 2. to put

down, to place, a kettle Dzl.; to place be-

fore, mi-la por-pa to place a drinking-bowl

before a person (more genteel than bzag-

pa) Glr.; to put or place on, to touch with.

mdzub-mo the finger; esp. pus-mo(-i Iha-

nd) sd-la to place the knee on the ground,

to kneel down, v. pus -mo; zdbs- dzuff*-

kyi dga-ston feast given, when a little

child begins to walk Glr. 3. to lay out.

a garden, to found, a town, a convent; to

institute, a sacrificial festival Glr.; to in-

troduce, srol a custom Lex., hence in a ge-

neral sense, to begin, commence, any bu>i-

ness, with or without mgo; *ku-rim teug-

sa ma tsugs* W. has the ceremony already

begun? is it a going? rgol-ba Odswp-pato offer resistance Pth. 4. to prick, sting,

pierce, mdas with arrows Dzl., fig.mi-Ka

zug-pa hurting by malicious words Do.;

30

lli!1.pa-JI1U tc grMp 1\ person', lumd Mil.;mfJO-1U1$ tnking hold of 1\ skull D:l. ~?, 6;g6c-l.yi mfa-JM to seize the coat-tail D:l.;"Ii a man, _ to clitch, frq.; bili..mar "d;:fn­pfl to tlI.ke ",il'es Glr.; to hold, Mtrna ral­fl'"i 10 bold lL sword in one', hand Glr.;'I!gi :Ilm ton' iV., 'J.'yi dzin (or :in) rog )ht'C., hold the dog fust! to catch, a ball, rnin­wnter etc.; bZl.IIl-lKu mi zin capimde noncapitul', it (the soul) cannot be taken holdof .Mil.; bddg"fli )uwi-brgyud"dzi~ai'1'!I!Idl­bu n prince ItIJholding my l1\Ce Gll'.; to hold,support. a certnin doctrine; 10 embrace, an­Other religion Glr., v. below; tc take uponooe's self, some religious duty. - 2. to get,receive, obtain. - 3. to occupy, to take pos­session 01, hold in possession, a country Ma.,rg!lal~a the throne; to be seized, ndd-kyu:in-pa seized with a malady Mil., - 4. io­telleetuillly: to take in, comprehend, grasp, con­ceive, by the faculty of perception or imagi­nation: dbU,i-p<rNltJlm.kyi f1us"'Pa zad-pasyul mi"dzin-pa-a1ltfMn-du"d::i7l-pa to per­ceive things llOt 1\5 they are, or not at all,in conseqUE'DCe of weakened senses Thg!J.;with reference to mind or memory: sbns­la, yuMa, bid-la B. lind col.; to be takenin, affected, seized, captivated, Wig-pas zin­pa to be affected, taken, by sin NiL; fligs­1)a zin-pa to be kindly, graciously, alJec~dtowards a person; fugs-ma :in-pa to be notgraciously inclined Mil. nt.; M-1It0' :in-patnken in love with lI. girl Pth.; "d::in.pafalM·Md All that captivates me; to choose,to follow, ri·/irdd to choose the solitude ofmountains Mil., dmdn..a to follow humility,to choose lowliness Mil. nod elsewh.; toembrace, another religion, v. above; to takefor, to consider, esteem, Jia-fa dgral' takiogmo for an enemy 1):l.; lIli or lIli-la rfh.pal' 01' wU!1-par to value, esteem, lo\'e, 1\

person, v. )"Us-pa; par, mar to esteem,respect one, I\.S a father, as a mother 8tg.;mid-pa-la yQd - par to consider the note:a:isting as e:a:isting Tll9r.; l'n!Jf4.slt to con­sider as different, to find a difference be­t,,.een two thi:lgs, which according to Bud­dhist philosophy lire one Md the ~me, d.

46.5

fllyi'-od::in; also absolutely, without lUI ob­ject being mentioned: dM'-por .J::in-pa tobelieve in the reality (of a thing) Nil. -5. r)iNu "d..'"in-pa v. rjtt.

II. shst. 1. he that seizes, holdl, occupies,rigNnags odzin-pa the holder of a magioseotence; adherenl, keeper ete. - 2. thatwhich affects, captivates, in an intellectualsense, v. above odzin-pa faJ1Ul-Md; tho bcin~

seized or affected with, or as we shouldsay, taking an inte~st in, Y. sub ,ptJ,;-bo;also cr. rzuil-odzin. - od::l"l--sJr!jdil, f»-brdi.odii odzin-sJ..ydlt gyU o<:ool'Y this palace andtake care of it Glr. - odzin-pa the earih,as a receptacle of beings Sen.~.;r.q' "d.."",m-pa Lt.' ace. to one Lu._

"dzm-pa.a.,t.:;,·.::f· odzir-ba, - ~l:l'f'J dzdg-patodrop,

to drip Lu.

o,:!'.::f' "dzu-ba, pf. "tL'"1/S, to enter &h.~

~tr]~.'J' and a:rr:r odz1lgs·pa and :U9-"'" pa, pf. 6t1ugs, :ug.,

fut. fZugs, imp. .ros('), (t1'5. to ofsu{JS-pa)1. to prick or stick into, to set, to prick astick, to seta plant, intcthe ground, to plant,frq.; to run, thrust, pierce, to run one's selfll. splinter into the flesh etc. lV.; to e~ct,

a pillar, to raise, a stADd:ud. - 2. to putdown, to place, tJ, kettle Dzl.; to place be­fore, mi.la p'dr-pa to place a drinking-bo'l\'}before n person (more gellteel than b!og­pa) Glr.; to put or place 00., to touch with,m<L..,;b·mo the finger; esp. pUs-llloe·i lila-­na} sd·la tc place the knee 00 the ground,to kneel down, v. pus -1110; ~d'" -odZIlfl"'"~yi dga-ston feMt given, wben II litllechild begins to walk Gil-. - 3. to layout,a garden, to fouad, n to'l\"II, a convent; toInstitute, 1\ sncrificial festi\'al Gil'.; to in­troduce, SI'Ol a custom Lu., heul,.'C in a gc­nem\ sense, to begin, commence, any busi·ness, with or without mgtJ; '.bt-rirn tlWg­sa "lila tsugs' IV. has tbe ceremony alccAdylJegun? is it II. going? rgdl- ha "d...--vg.-pa.to offer resistance PtA. - 4. to prick, sting,pierce, mdaI with lUTOWS D:l., fig. fHi-laZ¥!1-P!J hyting by maliciou~ words Do.;

00

466

Odzud-pa Qdzem-pa

tsig kun - tu zug -pa a, sarcastic, offensive

speech Stg.-- 5. intrs., to bore or force

itself into, to penetrate, to take hold, to stick

to, mostly fig., e.g. sman ma zug the me-

dicine has not taken hold yet, does not

work TJigy.\ zld-la Kyed-kyis mi zug youdo not cling or stick to a companion Mil.;

*de-la sem zug-pa* C. to be attached to, to

be pleased with a thing; *zug-pa* C., at-

tached. 6. to sting, like nettles, to prick,

fser Itar like a thorn Mil.; 16-ma zug-par

byed the leaves sting Wdn.; zug-rgyu-med-

pa not smarting Wdn.

odzud-pa, pf. btsud, Sch. also zud,

imp. fsud (trs. to Ofsud-pa, synon.

to cjug-pa}, to put, to lay, into a box, into

the grave; to lead, to guide, into the right way,

to virtue, to religion=to convert; to reduce,

to despair, sdig-pa-la to seduce to sin Pth.;

to prompt one to do a thing Gyatch. ; Odzud-

Odzud-pa to put into Sch.

nefn-gjf Odzub- mo, sometimes erron. for

\a mdzub-mo.

Odzum smile, bydms-pai Odzum-yyiswith a friendly smile; Odzum byed-pa

to smile; Odzum dan Idan smiling Pth.-., Odzum

skyon-ba to preserve a friendly countenance,

to be always mild and gentle; Odzum-skyonin a special sense, the exhortation given to

every daughter on her marriage, to treat

visitors with a friendly smile; also fig., an

engaging appearance, ri-mo Odzum-gyis ma

bslus-par not to be deceived by an enticing

appearance of colour Mil.;no- dzum, smile,

in a relative sense, a-nei no- dzum dkar

nag bltas I watched whether the smile, the

mien, of my aunt was friendly or unfriendly

Mil.;no- dzum ndg-ste looking sad Dzl.

odzum-pa., pf- btsum, zum, fut.

yzum, imp. t'sum 1. to close, to shut,

yet only in certain applications, more esp.

to close one's eyes, to shut one's mouth, migm,i-' dzum-par ltd-zin to have one's eyes

immovably fixed upon Dzl.;also pdd-mai

Ka zum bzin S.g. just as the lotus-flower

closes;md-Ka mi zum^zin Wdn. if the wound

will not close; lea zum the orifice (of the

urethra) is closed Mng. 2. to wink, prob.

only *dzum-dzum jhe'-pa and c6-ce*.

3. to smile, rdb-tu to look very friendly

Grlr.\ sbst. the smile, bcom-ldan- dds-kyi zal

Odzum-pa dan bcds-pai sgo-nas from the

portals of Buddha's countenance graced

with a smile Glr.;zal- dzum mdzdd-pa resp.

to smile Glr.; bzin-gyi Odzum the smile of

the countenance; adj. smiling; sweet, beauti-

ful Mil

Comp. Qdzum-Ka a smiling mouth; Iha-

mo dzum-Ka-mo a smiling goddess Mil.

Odzum-bag-can (of a child) sweetly smil-

ing Mil. Odzum-ltag-dgye Cs.: 'a smile

between the teeth, a sardonic smile, a grin';

Qdzum-mddns a smiling air Cs. --Odzum-

mul or -dmul a smile; dzum-mul-gyis sor

a smile escaped him Glr.; dzum-(cT)mul-ba

to smile. Odzum-med frowning, austere

Cs. Odzum- dzum \ . the winking. 2. the

smiling; Odzum-wan-wdn Cs.: smiling look.

Odzur, }. sup. of Odzu-ba. 2. v. the

following.

Odzur-ba, pf. bzur, fut. yzur, imp.

zur, Cs. *zur-wa* to give or make

way, lam(-nas) to step aside; to keep aloof

Mil.;Ids-la Odzur-ba to shun work, to evade

labour Lex.

QgT-y.. odzul-ba 1. vb. to slip in, rtsa-yseb-

\5 tu between the grass Thgy., sgor

through the door Lex.; cu-la, cur into the

water, i.e. to dive. 2. sbst. Sch. : 'a

tippler'.

dzus v. dzu-ba.

Glr.

imp- oaz g> to

ascend, ri-la frq. ; sin-sdon-po-la

zent Odzen-rdo whsettone, hone Lex.

Odzen-ba to stick or jut out, to pro-

ject, to be prominent Sch.

Odzed-pa, pf. bzed, fut. yzed, vulgo

bzed-pa} *ze"-pa* C., *zed-ce* W., to

hold out or forth, feud the coat-tail, mod a

vessel Dzl. (The significations given by Cs. :

to receive, and by Sch. : to meet With, seem

not to be sufficiently warranted.)

odzem-pa to shrink, la, from, to

shun, avoid, mi-dge-ba-la Glr., sdig-

,..taig kUlI-tu zug - po, a SlU'CllStic, offensivespeech St9' - 5.' intrs.. to bore or forceitseN into, to penetrate, to take hold, to stickto, mostly :6g., e.g. sman ma ::ug !.he me­dicine has not taken bold yet, does notwork Thgy.; zld-la llyld-kyU mi zug youdo not cling or stick to a ('.ompanion Mil.;-dJ.ta 3em zU[I-pa* C. to be attached to, tobe pleased with a thing; ·zug-pa* G, at­tached. - 6. to sting, like nettles, to prick,fur lwr like a thorn Mil.; M-ma zug-po.rbyed the leaves Sling lYdn.; zug-rgyu-mU­po. not smarting Wdn.r:t-'.q' cd~d-pa, pf. bt!ud, Seh. !llso wd,

~..... imp. Uli.d (trs. to Jaud-pa, synoD.to Jug-pa), to put, to fay, into a box, intothe grave; to lead, to gUide, intotberightway,to virtue, to religion-to convert; to reduce,to despair, sdig-pa-fa to seduce to sin PI!I.;to prompt one to do a tbing Gyateh.; od::ud­odzud-pa to put into Sch.~:r~ odzub - mo, sometimes erron. for

.... mdzufHrw.Q;=,;r oJ...--um smile, bydlm-pai odzunl-ryu

.::. with a friendly smile; odzum byId.pato smile; od-"'Um d(lli Man smiling Pth.; olL"'1lmaAyOJi-ba to preserve a friendly countena!lce,to he always mild and gentle; odzum-JqjOJiin a special sellse, the 6.J:hortation given toeyer}' daughter on her marriage, to treatvisitors with n friendly smile; also fig., anenpging appearance, ri-mo olkum-gyfs rnab~lit&-par not to be deceived by an euticingappearance of colour Mil.; rio-od.--um, smile,in a relative sense, l:·nei fio~od.-"';m dharnay Utas I watched whether the smile, themien, of my aunt was friendlf or unfriendlyMil.; HQ-od..--Ullt ndg-ste looking sad Dzi.

Cl.E:<H'.q" odzum.-pa, pi. b/$um, Zlllll, fut.."'" r::UIIl, Imp. (811m 1. to close, to shut,

}'et only in certain npplic.ations, more esp.to close one's eyes, to shut one's mouth, mig'lIli·odzUm·par ltd'zi,i to hnve one's eyesimmovably fixed upon D::L; also pdd·.-maiRa ZUni bzi", S.y. jllst as the lotus-flowercloses;lIJld-/{a mj. zum·Zin wan. if tho woundwilt not close; lla zum the orifice (of the~ethm) is closed Mily. ---' 2. to wink, prob.

n J'

ollly -dzum-dnlm jM.pa and cd-«-. ­~. 10 smile, rdb-tu 10 look very friendlyGlr.; soot. the smile, brom--ldan-oddl-1:yi zalodz~pa da,i bbJ.s-pai ~gd-mu from theportals of Buddba's countenance grace,lwith II. smile Glr.; zal-odzum mdzM-pa resp.w smile Gir.; bzin--gyi _dzum the smile ofthe COllotenance; adj. smiling; sweet, beauti·ful Mil.

Comp, odzum-lfa II. smiling mouth; lha~

fflO odzum-/.!a-mo a smiling goddess Mil.- odzutll--bag-i:an (of n chilo) sweetly smil·ing Alii. - odzum.[(ag-dgyi Ca.: 'a smilebetween the te.eth, a sardonic smile, n grin';odzum-mddn~ a smiling air (;s. - od::lI1n­mul or -dmul n smile; d::um--mul-yyU iora smile escaped him Glr.; od.:um-(d)mUl-.bato smile. - odzum-mid frowning, austereGJ. - od.."'1lm-odz-u.m I. the winking. 2. thesmiling; odzum-tean.telm Ca... smiling look.Q;E:.:;,' odzur, J. sup. of odzu-ba. 2. Y. the~ following.

Cl!,:;,'.q- odzur-ba, pf. bzur, fut. rZllr, imp."'" Zl.Ir, Cs. -zur-wa- to give or make

way, lam(.nas) to step aside; to keep aloofMil.; Ms--la odzur-lxt to shun work, to evadelabour Lu.a.E:1ll'~' odzul-ba 1. vb. to slip in, rua'r8ib­~ tu between the grass 7'hU!I" /Mj(Jr

through the door Lu.; Ut-la, cur into tbewater, i.e. to dh·c. - 2. shsL. &h.: '.tippler'.

a.e:~' od:tu v. od2u.oo.~

Qi""f.q. odzJg.pa, pf. odzeg~, imp. od::.oy, toascend, rl-la frq.; tin-sd<"i'po-la

Glr.

t:li"~: od~li, oikeil-rdo whsetlone, hone Lex.

~C:.':r odzbi-ba 10 stick or jut out, til pro--ject, to be prqmlnent &h.

~i:::'.q' odzJd,..pa, pf. bud, fut. rzed, vulgo1 bdd-pa, -zf--pa. C., -zid-c~ JY., to

bold out or forth, llud the coat-tail, ~nod ayessel Dd. (The significations given by 01.:to receive, and by &h.: to meet with, seem

not 10 be sufficiently walTnnted.)a.e:a:r.cr odzim - pa to shrink, la, from, to

shun, avoid, mi~-la Glr., wig-. -

pa-la frq. ;rio-fsa-la mi Odzm-pa 6s. in-

sensible to shame, shameless; ndd-^rigs-la-

mi Odzhn-na unless one is on his guard

against the several diseases; also to feel

ashamed, *iie-nam-la mi Odzem~mam* C. do

you not feel abashed in our presence ? dzm-

jxi-can Odzem-bay-can bashful, modest, tem-

perate ('*.; Odzem(-pa)-med(-pa) the contrary;

l- <i:>'ni modesty 6s.

Od:<'r-pa v. mdz&r-pa.

^dzer-ba 1 . to say, to speak, Sty. p*\5

57, 6, obs., \. zfr-ba. - - 2. to be hoarse,

cdztr-po hoarse, skad DzL, Med.; skad Qdzer-

Odzer-du nu-ba to weep with a very hoarse

voice Pth. 3. to solder Sch.

l* Odzo-sgrel Mill

Odzog-pa, pf. btsogs, fut. btsog to

heap together, to jumble, to throw

disorderly together 6s.

Q|'R|J;' Odzon- dzofi Ts.*dzog- dz6g*

1. jagged, pointed, conical. 2.

oblong, cylindrical 6'.

q' Odzom(s)-pa to come together,

to meet, *dzom fsdr-ra ma fsar*

are they already assembled? ddg-pa mnon-

dyai zin-Kams der ^6-skol Odzom-par ydonmi za that we shall meet again in the realms

of pure bliss, that is certain Mil.- fses bco-

lin't dati Odzdms-pas as it just fell upon the

15th. Glr.- *dzommidzom* W. they do not

agree with each other; de-mams rnydd-pardkd-ste mi Odzom as it is difficult to obtain

these things, we shall not be able to getall of them together Gh'.', *dz6m-pa me?-

pa cig kyan me* C. there is nothing that

does not find its way there, that is not to be

had there; to be plentiful Mil.; us partic.with

termin. case: rich in, abounding MiL ddl-

Obyor Odzdm-jpai lus Mil. \. dul-ba. h'un-

Odz6m 'where all meet', name of mountain-

passes, eg. between Lh. and /Sp., and of

females; in a similar manner gaii- dzom&i\<\

Obyor- dz6m ('conflux of goods'). Odzoin-

po rich in 6'., rtsa-cu Odzdm-po aboundingin grass and water, fertile 6'.; mfun-rkyen

Odzom-po fortunate, successful, through a

favourable concurrence of circumstance*;

fxos - sna -Odz6m -

po variegated^ many-co-le. mv. I.

Odz6lya fault, error, mistake, M-la

dzM-pa ysum byun he fell into

mistakes, committed three errors Gls.

-q- Odz6l-ba to shake about to stir or

shake up, e.g. a feather -bed; to

confound, to confuse, //// goh-^og Odzol-ba

to deliver a message confusedly, makinga mess of it Glr.

;W. : *zol-zol co-le*.

*dz6l-fso* C., *zol-z6F W. difference.

rdza, W. *za*, 1. clay, gen. rdzd-ea. -

2. in comp. for rdzd-ma, e.g. %dh-rdza

beer-jug, cu-rdza water-pitcher 6*. -

Comp. and deriv. rdza-kor earthen bowl,

little dish. rdza-Kdh pottery Schr.

rdza-Kun clay -pit.-- rdza-mKdn potter,

rdza-mKdn-gyi Ok6r-lo skor-ba to turn the

potter's wheel Dom. - - rdza - r/td kettle-

drum of burnt clay. rdza-cdg potsherd.

rdza-$u, or more refined rdza-cdb, water

issuing from clay-slate rocks Mil. and elsewh.

rdza-cen a large, rdza-^un a little pot,

v. rdzd-ma. rdza-snod, rdza-spydd earthen

vessel. -- rdza -pay tile, (Dutch) tile for

stoves. rdza-p&r C. = rdza-kor. rtk<t-

bitm 1. pitcher, jar, bottle, formed of clay.

2. jar, in gen., Icags-kyi rdza-bum iron jar

Stg, rdza- bo an earthen vessel 6s. -

rdzd-ma pot (unglazed, urn-shaped, bellied

vessels of various size, not for cooking, but

only for holding water, butter and the like).

rdza -y$6n earthen basin. rdza - ri

mountain consisting of clay-slate. rdza-

sd argillaceous earth, clay. dza-brd, C.

*dzab-ra*, W. *zab-ra* a mole-like animal.

rdzd-ki Mil., for dz6-gi, yo-ffi.

- rdzan chest, box, for various store =bdn-ba Thffy.

rdzdh-ba v. rdzdn-ba.

-q. rdzab, cUim-nLat>, mud. mire(< * ctay);

nL<tl>-d6n sink, slough.

._,_. ,'d;tib-rdzub sham, emptiness, false-

>o hood, rmi-hnn rd:ab-rd-i(l>-iun an

empty dream Cs.

pa-J4 frq.; ~(,o.-lta 1fti .,dU1fl-pa lA. in­....We to shame, shamel... ; lldd-riy...1G­7fti odd"l-lIa unllllls ono is on his guudagain.t the st!\'eral disca!lC'llj .lM to feeluhamed, o.¥t'-1Ium_ln 'llNi oll.:~t1I'"_Pflo C. doyou nOlo feel .tw;hed in Our pre!enee? od::bll­

p".~lrn od::hc'OO!rffua bashlld, mom\, te..•perlite G.; od::bi(-pG)-wW('"ps) thec::ontrarYiird-od:JM ..delfy W.-Cl.F:~:~ odzir-pG ,'. md:k.pa.

ai~·.::r od:Jr-INJ l. to say, to spee.k,Stg. F~

57, 6, ob!., T. ::b--bfJ. _ 2. t. be hoa",e,~d~n-.po OOar5t, sklUl D:I., Mid.; skad odur­od;;b.du >i1i-6a to weep ""ith • very bousevotee J-\.l - 3. to solder &Ii.-<-

"""'~-r .<1:....". M;l.1

"",,~:r Ji"g.p", pt ,.,."., rot...... t.Ilea, together, 10 jumble, to throw

disorWrty tlt9'ther w.~'E.~'~'E.~' od~oit-od::die T.. °otbg_.dz&g°

I. iafgecl, pointe4, conical. - 2.Hlong, cy\indrictl C.~~(~y.:.r odUJlft(i)~ to co.. together,

(0 meet, 0 dzoln (w-m _ (sar-Ire they alftady llssembled? cldg-pa ",,jON­

dipi HUa"., thr ,.0-eJ..-0i .d~6M-pa.r ydonmi::a thllt. we shall meet ag'lin in tbe realmsof pure bliss, that i. certain Mil.; (Nt barbid da" .duhtl.f-1'<U as it jpst fell upon thel:Pth. GIr.; 'dzom mi d:.qmO W: they do notagree with cach olher; di-rnaI#V ,."yiJ.-pardhi-4tl ,m' od::tmi .. it it difficult to obtainthese things, '<I·e shan oot be able to getall of them together Gir.; °d:6wt_pa ,fIf­pa fig kyali '11'4'0 C. there i. nothing llllitdocs not 6nd iUi way there, that is not to behad there; to be plentiful MU.;OJi partic. withtermin. case: rich In, ahanding J)Jil. - ddl­obyor od:dlll-pai leu Mil. v. ddl-oo. - r,lll-•d:d,,. 'where all meet', name of mountain­plUi!IC6, e g. ~woen LA. lind Sp., And offemales; in a &.iulilar nllmner !l1II:'-.d:,j1ll andobyol"od::6m ('conllux of goods'). - od:dm­po rich in C., r&aa-ew .dz,j1tt'f'O IlboundiuRin gBM a:ld water, fertile C; lfI(lln-Nry/n

od:6wt-po fortunnte, succe.s~ 14roli8h a

.61~.::r~.::r ,.J:.nh-rdzUb

~

(Ilvollf'1lble toDCUrftAoe of OrcuUl5tlwces;taN - ,u-ochlAlt -po variegated, uany-co­1"""'-a.~.r'f od:dl-p4 'auK, mor, IRisla"" Ji-kJ

od:&-pa J'I"m ~" lIe fdl iawthree mistakes, committed Ulree ~rol'l Gir.

~.f.::r ocL-ol-b. to llaate about, t. stir orshake .., e.K... £eo.dlu-bed; to

.tenfollnd, to confvH, Pri- goit-,.DfI orl::ot-bato ddiTcr .. message ('(lIlfusedly, makiaga mesa of it. Gu-.; lY.: °.rol_:01 ~i·. ­o.d:Ql-mo C., 0zol-:.Df' W. difference.r rd::a, IV. 0:ao, l. clay, gen. nk4_. ­

2. in compo for nkd.....o, e.g. ldll-nl.eabeer·jug, bf-rd:a waterl'iltfler c.. -

Compo and demo rd:.a-Hr earthen bo-t,little dish. - rdza -141i pottery &I.r. ­rd:tJ-C-v1i c1ay-piL. - rd:.lI-wtld,. potter,rd:.a-mXd~~lo at6r-ba to tPIlI thepotter's whed Do... - rrJ:a - nid ketl}e..drum of burnt clay.- rd:a-Mg potsberd.­rd:.a-bf, or more rdined rrJ:4-lli6, wMUjSioingfrom clay-slate roeks MtL IUld d!Cwb.- rd:a-lin a large, rd::a-~.¥ .. titde pot,T. rd::d-tIIG. - rd::ll-m6d, rdza-lJ'ydd earthen'feMel. - rd:a - pig tile, (Dulch) lile forslooves. - rd::a-pdr C. _ nl:a-k6r. - nJ:.a,.blilrl t. pitcher, jar, bottle. formed of day.2. jar, in gen., ICd~k!Ji rd:.-bfi.M iron jar&g. _ rd:d-bo an. eanhen ,.eNd Ca. ­rd~d-ma pot (un~a7.ed, urn-shAped, belliedveMeb of various size, not for cooking, butonly for holding Wl\ter, butter and the like)._ rd:a _ r~,j,j earthen bl!l.lin. - rota - rimounL.'lin consisting of clay-date. - rtI:.a­iii argillaceous earth, clay. - tUa-bra, C.0d:ab-ro.., lV. O::alM·tJ° .. mole-like auimal.

~~. 1'Ct:d-l-i Mil., for d:6-gi, y&-gi.

~. rdzali chest, box, for ',.&rio.s 8\.ote -bd~-ba 7'1.gy.

~'.:::r rcbili-ba V. ro:.,jH-M.

~.::r rd:ab, odam-rd:.Uh, m\ld, ..ire (Ga city);;:. rdzalHIOi< sink, ,k1ugh.~.::n~::r rclz~b-rd:;lcb sham, el'llpUnets, 'alse-

.... hood, ",u_Iam rchab-rd:itb-<11/1 Iln

,Dty dulf.JU w.

468

rdzu-ba

s^r rdzas 1. thing, matter, object (= dnds-

poLex.\ rdzas dkarser-por mfon white

objects appear yellow Lt.\ rdzas Ka-sdn

yod-pa de-rin med the thing of yesterday

is to-day no more Mil." mi-ytsdn-bai rdzas

something impure Pth.; natural bodies, sub-

stances, from which e.g. medicines are pre-

pared S.g.-, materials, requisites, dei rdzas

requisites for this purpose; especially for

sacrifices, sorceries etc., hence also used

as identicalwith magic agency Wdn.\ remedy,

smyo-byed-kyi narcotic, soporific Glr.;

oint-

ment, v. rkdn-pa and bdbs\ rdzds-las Jbyun-

bai bsod-nams Tar. 20, 9, not : merits arising

'from works or any material causes', but:

the good, the blessing accruing from a right

application of rdzas, wonder-working me-

dicines, and consisting in long life etc., with

which also Trial, fol. 20, b is in unison, if

the Sanskrit word is read dzaiwatrikam\

srog-rdzds provisions, victuals Pth. ; in the

context rdzas is also found standing alone

in the same sense, where it perh. would

be more correct to read zas', me-mdai rdzas,

me-rdzds, also rdzas alone, gun-powder, *dze-

kug* C. cartridge-box, *dze-me'* (a gun)not loaded 6"; goods, property, rdzas gan

yod-pa-rnams all his property Mil.\ nor

(dan) rdzas money and money's worth Mil.

and elsewh.; treasures, jewels, valuable pro-

ductions, rgya-gdr-gyi Glr. 2. in philo-

sophy: matter Was.; real substance, realities

Was.

? rdzi, W. *zi*, 1 . wind, rdzi-rlun id., also

bser-bui, rlun-gi rdzi Do.; pu-rdzi, or

stod-rdzi a wind blowing down the valley,

lun- or mdo-rdzi blowing up the valley;

dri-rdzi Idan a fragrant breeze, a wind

fraught with the odours of flowers is blowing

Sty.; *sdr-zi ydn-na rag* W. I perceive

an east-wind is setting in; rdzi-car heavyrain with wind, rdzi-cdr drdg-po rain-storm

Tar. and elsewh.; *zi num-ce or tsor-ce*

W. to smell, sniff, snuffle, of dogs. 2. in

comp. for rdzi-bo, rdzi-ma. 3. v. zi.

a-q- rdzi-ba, pf. (fyrdzis, fut. brdzi, imp.

(b}rdzi(s~), W.,*zi-ce*, Pur. *dzi-cas*

to press, to knead, dough; to tread, to beat

(clay, gyan q.v.); gdl-te tser-ma brdzis-na

if I should tread into a thorn Dzl.;to crush,

a worm; to oppress, to distress; rdzi-med

Lex., Sch. : 'powerless', but stobs-rnams-la

rdzi-ba-med-pa Stg. evidently signifies: of

invincible strength.

frzfrdzi-bo herdsman, shepherd, keeper,

frq.; also rdziu Dzl.] rdzi-po a male,

rdzi-mo a female keeper; pyugs-rdzi herds-

man, yndg-rdzi neat-herd, gldn-rdzi cow-

keeper; rd-rdzi (?rdr-zi* W.~) goat-herd;

Kyi-rdzi dog-feeder, byd-rdzi person attend-

ing to the poultry; mi-rdzi 'guarder of man,a god' Cs. yet a king might also be thus

designated ;rdzi-skor shepherd's hut = pu-

lu. Sch. has besides: dpe-rdzi index, re-

gister.

lf'3Trdzi-ma (vulgo *zi-ma*} eye-lashes

(the eye-lashes of Buddha are some-

times compared to those of a cow).

m" razig- rdzig, with *tan-wa* 6Y

., to

'

address harshly, to fly at.

Srr' rdzih pond, gen. rdzin-bu e.g. for

bathing Dzl.;

v. also skyil-ba ;rdzin-

po or -cen a large pond 6s.

srrxr rdzins, gru-rdzins Lt., gen. yzins

ship, ferry.

&Q. rdziu 1. for rdzi-bo. 2. fin of a fish^ Sch.

-._. rdzu-ba, pf. (b)rdzus, fut. brdzu, imp.N= (b)rdzu(s) to give a deceptive repre-

sentation, to make a thing appear different

from what it is (cf. sprul-ba), with termin.

case to change into, also to change (one's

self), to be changed, srin-por to change into

a Rakshasa Zam.; to disguise one's self,

rndl-byor-par as a mendicant friar; rdzus-

te skye-ba v. skye-ba ; yig-rdzu a letter filled

with falsehoods, a lying epistle Mil. nt.;sd-

ru rdzu-bai rgyii-ma entrails feigning to

be flesh, looking like flesh Mil; rdzu- pf

rul

(Ssk. ^f^) delusion, miraculous appearances,

transformations,sfo'w-patoproducesuch,J/r-

pa to destroy the illusion, e.g. by seeing

through it Mil.\ rdzu -Oprul

-gyi mfu, or

stobs witchcraft, magic; rdzu- pml-cangifted

with magic power Thgy. rdzu- prul is the

highest manifestation of the acquired moral

~~ rdzo.s 1. thing, matter, object (_ dliOs-poLex.), rd=aBdkar3ir-porm(o~ white

objects appear yellow Lt.; rd::as Eo. - sa,iydd-pa. di.rili mea the thing of yesterdayis to-day DO more iIIil.; mi-rUdiI.-bai rdzassomethiDg impure ill.; natural bodies, sub·stances, from which e.g. medicines are pre­pared S.g.; materials, requisites, dei rdzasrequisites for this purpose; especially forsacrifices, sorceries etc., hence also usedas identical with magic agency lVd,i.; remedy,smyo-b!fMA.:yi nn.rootic, soporific Glr.; oint­ment, v. r~'dli"pa and baw; rdtJ3·las obyUiI­bai bOOd-no.ms 1'ar. 20, 9, not: merits arisiDg'from works or any material causes" but:the good, the blessing accruing from a rightapplication of rdzas, wonder-working me­dicines, and consisting in long life etc., withwhich also 1'rig/. fol. 20, b is in unison, ifthe Sanskrit word is read d:::aiwatriA:am;srog-rd:::ds provisions, victuals Pth.; in tbecontext rdzas is also found standing 1l10nein the same sense, where it perh. wouldbe more correct to read ZaB; mi-mdai rdzas,me-rdziU, also rd::asalone, gun·powder, -d::{­~ug- C. cartridge-box, -dz~-mi'- (a gun)Dot loaded C.; goods, property, rdzas ganydd-pa - rnams all his property Mil.; 1UJr(dali)rdzas money IlDd money's worth Mil.and elsewh.; treasures, jewels, valuable pro­ductions, r9!la-gdr~ GIl'. - 2. in philo­sophy: matter Was.; real substance, realitiesWas.i' rdzi, W. -n", 1. wind, rdzi-rUlii id., also

hstr.bui, rlUiI-gi "dd Do.; ftu-rdzi, or3rod-rdzi a wind blowing down the valley,{wi- or mdo-rdzi blowing up the valley;dn - Tdd idali a fragrant breeze, a windfranghtwith the odours of flowers is blowing:Stg.; -idr_zi ydli-na raff W: I perceivean east-wind is setting in; rdzi_i!ar heavyrain with wind, rdzi-cdr drag-po I'ain·storm1'ar. and elsewh.; -zi m4m-ce or fwr-ce­W. to smell, sniff, snuffle, of dogs. - 2. in

compo for rdzi-bo, rd:::i-ma. - 3. \'. zj.

i·.q· rdzi-ba, pf. (b)rlki3, fut. brazi, imp.(b)rd::i(s), HZ, -zi-te", Pur. -dzi·cas"

to press, to knead, dough; to tread, to eat

'"

(day, gyan q. v.); gal-te tsir-ma brdzU..naif I should tread into a thorn DzL; to crtIIIt,a worm; to oppress, to distress; rdzi-mblLe$., &1,.: 'powerless', but stdhs-rnams-lardzl-ba-med-pa Stg. evidently signifies: ofinvincible strength.i':( rd:::i - bo herds.man, $heph~~, keeper,

frq.; also rcL"'tu Dzl.; rdz1-pQ a male,rdzl-mo a female keeper; p'y6gs-rd..--i herds­mM, rndg-rdzi neat-herd, .q1dJi-rdzi CO\\··

keeper; rd-,-dd erdr-:::i- IV.) goat-herd;ll!Ji-rdzi dog-feeder, bya-rdd person attend­ing to the poultry; mi-rdzi 'guarder of man,n god' Cs. yet a king: might also be thusdesignated; rdzi-sk6r shepherd's hut - pu­iu. &h. has besides: d[H!- rdzi index, reogister.i"~' rdzi-ma (vulgo -zl-mu-) eye-tultes

(the eye-lashes of Buddha are some­times compared to those of a cow).if'll'i~ rdzig-rlkfg, with -ta,i-lea- C., tol:, address harshly, to fty at.ie:.· rd;:j~ pond, gen. rd:::bi - ~ e. g. f~r

batlllng Dzl.; v. also sk!fll-ha; rdd",-po or -lbl a l:u-gc pond (4. .

ie:.~' rd::iris, gm· rcL"',i3 Lt., gen. rzi,-"ship, felTY.

!Cl,' rdziu 1. for rd..-"'i-bo. - 2. fin of a fish~ Sff!.

~.q' rd..."'t.I-ba, pf. (b)rdzus, fut. brdzu, imp.~ (h)rd:::u.{s) to give a deceptive repre­sentation, to make a tbing appear differentfrom what it is (cf. 3prUl-ba), with termin.case to change into, also to change (one'sself), to be changed, srln-p;r to change intoa Rakshasa Zam.; to disguise one's self,,71dl-byor-pal' as a mendicant friar; rdzU8­te skye-ha v. $kye-ho.; yig-rdzu a letter filledwitu falsehoods, a lying epistle Mil. nt.; u­rn rdziJ.-bai rgyu-ma entrails feigning tobe flesh, looking lik.e flesh Mil.; rd..--U-oprol(Ssk. 1Ilft)delusion, miraculous appearances,transformations,st6n-pa toproducesach, Jig­po. to destroy the illusion, e.g. by_ seeingthrough it Mil.; rdzu ~ oprul- gyi m(u, orstobt. witchcraft, magic; 1'd..--U-oftrul-eangiftedwith magic power 1'hg!!. rdZU-of»'Ul is thebig:hes'~ mlUlifestation of the acq,:!ired moral

rdzun |r2f rdz6b-po

409

perfection, that is known to Buddhism;there is, however, an essential difference

between it and the miracles of holy writ,

the former bearing the stamp of non-realityand mere appearance, as is not only im-

plied by the name, but also universally

acknowledged; and it differs again from co-

Oprul. in as much as the latter requires the

help of natural magic (jugglery), or of de-

moniacal influences, and never can be pro-

duced, like rdzu- prul, at the pleasure of

the saint by his own immanent power. Yetthere is no doubt that the term co- prulis also often used in connection with rdzu-

Opriil, and as identical with it; v. Dzl. ^Sand V".

rdzun, C. *dzun*, W. *zun*, Pur. *rdzun*,also brdzun untruthful speech, falsehood,

lie, fiction, fable; rdzun-fsig, id.; mi-bdenrdzun that is falsehood and not truth Glr.]

rdzun-smrd-ba, resp. ysuii-ba B., byed-paB., C., *zer-ce* W. to lie, rgydl-ba-rnams-

kyis rdzun ysiin-ba mi srid it is impossiblethat Buddhas should lie; to tell tales, to

make believe, to impose upon ;*zun yin* W.

you are not in earnest, you only want to

quiz me; *zun gydb-ce* W. to lie, to act

the hypocrite; *mi se zun gyab* W. to feign,to pretend ignorance, to disown a personor thing, *mi fsor zun gyab* W. he pretendsnot to hear it. -- rdzun - /crdb Sch. : 'an

adroit liar and deceiver'. -- rdzun-ma 1.

= rdzun Dzl. 2. liar Mil.*zun-yag-can*

W. clown, buffoon, merry Andrew.

q-rdzub deceit, imposture Lar., byed-pa

>o to make a false assertion Tar.;cf. rdzab-

rdzub.

rdzus - ma something counterfeit,

feigned, dissembled, rdzus-maisprd//-

po a disguised beggar Glr.

rdzd-ba pf. (b)rdzes, fut. brdze, imp.

(byrdze(s) W. *ze-ce*, 1. to tuck up,

truss up, clothes; to cock, a hat; to turn up,

the upper-lip Wdn.;skra gyen-du brdzes-pa

the hair bristling Do.;

*so or ct-wa ze-a*

W. to show one's teeth, to grin.-- 2. to

threaten C.

Q- rdzeu dimin. of rdzd-ma, a small pot,SNS

pipkin.

'

rdzog()? fist, also *dzog-rir C.

rd:og*-pa 1. vb. to be finished, to

be at an end, to terminate (I.

zin -pa), lam rdzdys-pai mfsdnu -m just

where the road terminates Mil.' *dd-wazog-n?* W. as the month has expired; J-

ru pi-ti yul-f&o zog son* W. here the villagesof Spiti have an end; mdzdd-pa ydns-su

rdz6gs-nas having accomplished all his deedsGlr. ;ji-ltar smdn-pa bzin-duyomrdz6g-paall prayers and wishes being fully realized

DzL; yons-su rdzogs-par fsdr-te when the

whole (of the building) was completed Glr.- 2. adj. perfect, complete, blameless, *g6-

lo zog dug* W. the body (of this horse) is

without fault; ston-pa dag-par rdzogs-pai

sans-rgyds the most perfect teacher, Bud-dha Glr.] so in a similar manner rdzogs

(-pa)-cen(-po")' also ye-hes yd/ts-su rdzdgs-

pa is an appellation of Buddha. rdzdgs-

par adv. perfectly, completely, fully (cf. Ihiig-

par\ bmydd-pa to report circumstantially

Dzl., ydams-ndg yndn-ba to counsel well

Mil.; rdzogs-par se"s-pa zig one thoroughly

conversant Mil.; rdzogs-parbsldb-pato learn

thoroughly Mil. bsnyen-par rdzogs-paor bsnyen-rdzdys mdzdd-pa to ordain , v.

bsnyen-pa.

Comp. rdzogs-lddn v. dus 6. rdzogs-

fsig v. sldr-sdu-ba. - -*dzog-yel* C. obei-

sance to Chinese officers, in a kneeling

posture.--

rdzogsrim v. sub shyta-pa.

nlzoii(s\ l.(6'. vulgo *dzum*) castle,

fortress; rdzon-dpoji[ord orgovernor

of a castle, commander of a fortress; *dzoii-

kyel* C., *zon-Un* W. letter-post from one

nobleman's seat to another. - - 2. the act

of accompanying, escorting, Odebs-pa to ac-

company, to escort /'.-/.. fee for safe-conduct.

travelling-present; dowry, byt;

<l-pa to bestow.

>'dzdri-bapL(b)rdzan(s'), fut. (6}rcta/i

to send, to dispatch, presents, am-

bassadors; to expedite, send off. dismiss; to

give to take along with. -dbugs rdz6n-ba

shortness of breath, asthma Thgy. and elsewh.

szrcf J^f rdzub-po, -mo, 1. vain, empty,

spurious, void;hun-rdzob v. kun.

2. vain, fond of dress U ".

<69

perf('ctioll, tlu\t is known to Buddhi,m; r'''I(~r rd:og(.)'filt,a.lso.dUJg-ril'C.there is, howe\'er, all essentitl1 differencebc~wcen it 1111,1 the miracles of holy writ, rl:fJ'~·.:r rd:OfIs-pa 1. vb. to be finl1l1ed, totILe former hearing the stallll' of non.rcality be at an end, 10 terminate (IL~. _nud mere nppcamllce, as is not only im- ::bl-pa), lam rd:&fl-1xu' 1ll6dn~_1U justIllietl by the ualne, but !llso ullivcnml1y where the rond termina.tcs MiL; 'dd -lffl

IIcknowledgedj and it dilTers agnin from '(0- ::6[1-n~' W: AS the month lUlls expired; l".Gin,"l, in as mucb ns ~he latwr requires the ru pi-tiy';l-(I(I zog MJ/" IV, here the villag08helpofnaturl\l magic (jugglery), or of de- of Spiti have nil end; mdzdd-pa ydit.....umoniaclll intlucnccs, nnd never cAn be pro- rd;;dtjl-na3hnvingaccomplisbedall bi:sd~d,duccd, like JoJ::u-ol~rUl, nt the pletlsurt of Glr.;ji.ltarrmon-pabHn-dltyoN.rdzoga_J'{uthe Stliut by his OWl! immanent power. Yet nil prayers and wishes being fully realizedthere i" no doubt that the term ro-oPrul Dzl.; yOrlNlt rd::dfp-par (sfi,...u when theis also oflep used in connection with rdzu- whole (of the building) W(lS completed GIl'.op';'l, nnd as idl'ntienl with it; \'. D::I.:}S - 2, adj. perfeet. complete, blameless,°gO­nnd ,'e. lo ::og dUff lV. the body (of lhis horse) isr~·,-dzun,C.°d:::unO, lV:ozll1tO, PlJ,r.°rdzulI~, without fault; sloTt-pa dag-par rd::dg!-pai~ also brd::un untruthful speeth, falsehood, 3an3_rg!lrU the most perfect teacher, Bud­lie, fietion, fable; rd::UTI-(3ig, id.; fui-bdm dIm Glr.; so in 11 simil"r mMmer rdzOfJlrd::,i1t that is fllhehood lind not Iruth Glr.; (-pa)-ft'n(_po); also yMn yO"NU rd::Og$­,-d::ull-llmrfi.ba, resp. )'$iHi-ba B., byitl-pa pa is un nppellntion of Buddhn, - rd::&ga­n., c., °zcr_ceo W: to fie, rgydl-ba-rooma- par adv. perfeeUy, completely, fully (ef. Mug­k!li. ,'f1.::U'l 1'11;,.oa ""i .rid it is iml,ossible par), lnnydd-pa to report circumstantiallythat Buddhns should lie; 10 tell tales, to D::l., rdamNidg rndn-ba to counsel wellmake believe, to impose upon; o::un yillO n: Mil.; rdzdga_par ~13-pa ::;9 one thoroughlyyou are not in earnest, you ouly wllnt to conversnntJII;l.; rd::Q.g3-JlurNldb-pu.to lellrnquiz me; °ZUII gydb-eeo lV: to lie, to tlct thoroughly Mil. - b311y!rt-par NbJg.~pa

the hypocrite; °mi ~t::UII gyabO lV. to feign, or b'lI!J€1t-rtk6ys 7IId::dd-pa to ordllin, v.to preteud ignorance, to disown n person NII.'fhI-pa.-or thing, °mi fao,' :un gyabO IV. he pretends Compo rd::oga-lddn \'. du.s 6. - 1-d.::OfJ1­uot to heAr it. - rd::u1t -oll,.db &k: 'nn f.i, v, ddNdu.oa. - o(l::og. gel" G: obei­ndroiL liar nnd deceiver'. _ n!::fin-ma I. sanee to Chineie officers, in n kneeling- rdzun D::l. '2. liar Mil. - o::/ill-Yag-Cano postlU'e. - JYl::ogarim V. sub akyU-pa.IV. clown, bUffoon, merry Andrew. ~(~)' 1-d::OJi(.), 1.«(,: vulgo °d.::urIlO)castle,~.q. rd::ub deceit. imposture Lu., byid-pa 10rlreu;l-d.::d,j.dpoTllordorgo\'ernor~ to make a false assertion Tar,; cf. rd::ab- of n castle, eommauder of a forl.ress; 0d::~_

rdzuL. kylf! C., °zoli·/in° IV. letter-post from one~~.~. '~'" - ~a something counterfeit. nobleman's sent to another, - 2. the act...., lelgned,dtssembled,,'llzu,,_mai.prdn_ of accompanying, escorting, odtbe-pa to ae·po a disguised beggar Glr. eompany, to eseortD::l., lee for .ale.conduct,i>=r rdzi-ba pf. (b)l'Il::e., fut. b,'fbt, imp. travelling-preient; dowry, byid-pa tobcstow.

(b)I-d::e(.) W 0;i_U', 1. to tuek up, !fE:..q' rd::M.oa.pf.(b)l·dzalf(,), fut.(b}rd:aliIruss up, clotucs; to cock, a Ullt; to turn up,'" to send, to dispatch, presents, am­the upper-lip lVdli.; ""'a gybt-du brd:c3-pa bassadors; to expedite, lend off, dismiss; 10the hir brislling Do.; °10 or «-'t:a z~ give 10 lake along with. - dbu9' rd::6ir-haW. 10 sbow one's teeth, to grin. - 2. to shortness 01 brealh, asthma 'l'hgy. and el~wb.

threaten c.. ~'2f ..5f rd::6b-po, -11I0, 1. vain. empty,~o: Tdzeu dimin. of nl.::d-flIa1 a slIlall pot, ') 'c; spurious, void; 1.,,_d:6IJ V.I.,"Il.

'oJ pipkin. _ 2. vain, fond 01 dress IV.

470

wa

QI wa 1. the letter w, which occurs but"

rarely, and only as an initial, yet it is

a true Tibetan letter, the Ssk. ^f being gen.

represented by ^, and as second constituent

of a double consonant denoted by^

(called

wa-zur angular or small wa)', the pronun-ciation in general is the same as that of

the English w. 2. num. fig.: 20.

QJ.wa 1 . water-channel, gutter, gen. of wood

"(Cs. also: trough); wa-Ka Lex. id., Cs.;

wa-mcu spout, lip, or beak of vessels.

2. fox (the name corresponding to the sound

of barking) Dzl., vulgo wa-tse; wa brgyal

the fox yelps Sch. The fox is the riding-

beast of the goblins; whenever his barkingis heard, it is in consequence of his re-

ceiving lashes from his rider. wa-skyesfox-born Cs. wa-gro a bluish fox, gro-

gro a gray fox Sch. wa-rgdn an old fox,

a knave Cs. wa-ldeb fox-trap W. wa-

ndg a blackish fox Sch. wa-lpdgs fox's

skin. wa-spyan Mil, wd-ma-spyan Cs.

jackall. wa-prug young fox, cub. wd-

mo she-fox. wa-fsan fox-hole. wa-

rog black fox Sch. wa-fswd a kind of

salt S.g. 3. n. of a lunar mansion, v. rgyu-

skdr. 4. wa-log-pa to perform somersets

Sch. -- 5. W! ho! calling for one.

"""3^" n'^'&'Jr wa-ra-na-siov

r\ se, ba-ra-na-si

Banaras, a city in the valley of the Ganges,

frq. mentioned in legends, as a residence

of Buddha, at the present time a principal

seat of Brahmanism.

fe'-6aclear, distinct,

plain, wa-ler drdn-pa to recollect distinctly

Cs.; yid-la floating distinctly before one's

mind Lex.', don wa-U gyis try to gain a

clear understanding of the sense of it Mil.;

also skad-wdl '

^

QI'^I" wa-si a kind of apples Sch.

QJ" wi num fig.: 50.

QT wu num fig. : 80.NO

^'1^ wu-rdo pumice stone Sch.-NS '

01* we num. fig.: 110.

QT wo num. fig.: 140.

/a za, 1. a letter of the alphabet, repre-'' sented by z, originally, and in the fron-

tier-provinces to the present day, the soft

sibilant, which is pronounced like j in

French, or like the English s in leisure,

(zA), (still more accurately like the Polish

z in zima); in C. it differs now from +Q

only by the following vowel being deep-toned. 2. numerical figure: 21.

zwa, zwa-mo, resp. dbu-zwa, a

covering of the head, hat, cap;

fig. na yig sd-yi zwd-can the letter having

$J for a cap : J Zam.;zwa gon-pa, gyon-

pa to put the cap on, Jbitd-pa to take it off

470'a'tea

100 I. the letter w, which occurs butttl rorely, and only liS an initial, )'ct it isa. true Tibetan lelter, the &J:. 1f being gen.represented by.q, llnd as second constituentof a double coDsonantdenoted by <l (calledwa-ztir angular or small wa); the pronun­ciation in general is the same as that ofthe English w. - 2. num. fig.: 20.S' tea J. wa~er.Channe!. ~utter, gen. ~(WOO~

(es. also. trough), ua-lla Mol:. Id., G.,wa-m,}u spout, lip, or beak of vessels. ­2. fox (the Dllme corresponding to the soundof barking) D:l., vulgo wa-t3l; wa brgyalthe fox yelps &h. The fox is the riding­beast of the goblins; whenever his barkingis beard, it is in consequence of bis re­ceiving lashes (rom his rider. - wu-skybfox-born as. - u,a-yro a. bluish fOI, gro­grQ a gray fox Sch. - 1CfM'9dn an old fox,a knave es. - wa-l&b fo:r..trap W - tca~

fldg 1\ blackish fox &h. - wa.lpdgs fox'sskin. - wa-3plJaI' Mil, tea-ma-3PlJati Q.jackall. - ua.p'rt" young fox, cub. - tea·1IW she·fox. - wa-(sa!i fox-bole. - tea·rlig black fox &h. - wa-(slCa a kind ofsalt S.,. - 3. n. of a lunar mansion, v. rgp

slcar. - 4. wa-ldg.pa to periorm somerstb&h. - 5. w: hoI calling for one.

'2f"'f'~' or ~', .q''''.'{.l' 'IC.a-m~1JlWior.r:; r:; ~ u, ba-ra-na-$ISanaras, a city in the valley of the Ganges,frq. mcntioned in legends, as l\ residenceof Buddha, at the present time a principalseut of Brahmanism.

1"1l'~ 1"1ll"'..f~. mr'-4'G:j'..:::r ua-M, Teal-ii, trot­Q ':;::r , =r lJ.ba clear, distinct,plain, tea-lb (Irdn--pa to recollect distinctlyQ.; !lid-Ia floating distinctly berore one'smind Lu.; don tea·le f/.vU try to gain aclear understanding of the sense of it Mil.;aho skad-lcdl- ..,~(?).~

ttr~ wa-s; a kind of apples &/t.

'it wi num fig.: 50.

~ teu num fig,: 80.

~.'{ ~dQ pumice slone &11.

~ we num. fig.: 110.

--'tI'teO num. fig.: 140.

CCi za, 1. a letter of the alphabet, repro­sented by Z, originally, And in the fron­

tier-provinces to the llresent day, the softsibilAnt, which is pronounced like j in

. French, or like the English 8~in leisure,(zh), (still more accurately like the Polishz in zima); in C, ·it dill'el'5 DO%- from .,q

'f I ( ,)

only' by the following vowel being deep­toned. - 2. Dumericnl figure: 21.~. ~'6f Zit'll, Zkoa-1Il0, resp.-.1ibu-zlCa, a./ ~ covering of the head, hat, cap;fig. ,ia !Jig sd-yi zu:a.can the letter t:. having~ for II. Cl1p: p Zam.; zwa gOlI.pa, gy<Jn.pa to ~ut the (lap on, ;,bUd-pa to take it off