Tibetan English Dictionary (Jaschke 1883) - Row 3

202

q* bsnyel-ba'

td-bag

"> to for9et; qfgbsnyel-med not forgetting or for-

getful, mindful; bsnyel-yso-ba to remind, qto put one in mind of a thing Mil. nt.

v.

bsnyor-ba, Lex. nets bsnyor-ba,ace. to Sch.: to sift barley.

?* to, the letter,cerebral

,

1. in C. | rupee = 9 d.,

v.

also fcod-tah (v. fcod-pa com p.). 2. a. td-kd, Hind. ^JT in W. imaginary

gold and silyer coin ^ 1]2 6 __ 3

?C01

^.money of account, - 2 paisa or w money in general

p^mr- C'rhc1 ti-ked, tri-ked card, ticket;

i-ka, tah-ka, Rpostage-stamp.

i-Ka, tan-ka,

Id. Different from it is

fT> FT

*

(fo, the letter<;/,

cerebral <i, >Ss/;. ^5.

da - ki C^fTeR^ Hind. : 'husband of a

a handle and two balls fastened to it bya strap.

am- ^ gen - *^'/, ^?*w^- ^T^ 5the post,

Juafctm, bnaKsp.) m j/V^i. prob.= Da- r

\ie er.r)OSt

^m, mU- gro-ma.^ ^ dan-di, Hind, ^r^, the beam of

.a-ma-iu, qa-ru, (JS*r^) < t I ! a a jr scaies . a kind of litter,

small tympan or drum, with

-ta, 1. the letter t, tenuis, French t.

' 2. num. fig.: 9. 3. inst. of btags, v.

ya-btags.

C'rn*^'td-ka-ri (Hind. rfTTfi"

scales, Ld.

td-ku W. stick with a hook, hooked

cane,

crutch;

*ta -ku- ru - ku* Ld.

crooked, contracted, crippled.

td-gir W. bread, esp. the flat bread-

cakes of India, commonly called

'cTiapdtee''; *cu-ta-gir* Ld. boiled flour-

common dumplings; *t'ul-ta-gir* pancakes.td-ba (Pers. LL) gen. *tao* W. a

flat iron pan without a handle!

td -bag W.

,far -

Jbag C.,

a plate,

*td-bag dal-ddl* W., *fer-fer* C., a

202

~~.~. 1M.IjiUm, u.=.: resp., to forget;.., lAngel-med not forgeuing or Cor·

gelCul, mindful; brn~l-rsd-ha to remind,to put one in miod of II. thin~ MiL nt.

~"",. '-''9_' UIlAlJOn v. •nyon.

~~~'.::r brng6r - ha, l.-tt.r. IU'U lIII1fyOr-ba.,"'i.., acc. to &!I.: to ~irt barley.

f (a, lhe leuer ~ cerebral t, &k. ~.

fllf ¢-hl, //ind. 'Z15T in W: imnginaryr':l. coin, money of n.ccount, - 2 puill4 or

1 d, - Different from it is

!Tn' r:c.'''l' ...c::,'f!' ,c::,'''l,/<1,i-ka, (wi-ka,\ -I' (' ,(', {a'i-fla, la,j.ta,

llind. 1Ilfl 1. in C. t rupee - 9 d., v.also T~l-tali (\'. Trotl-pa com II.). - 2. l\

gold :\nd silver coin Tal'. 112, 6. - 3.W. money in gcner.ll.

(Rj~', 3'1~' !i.l.m., I,-i_ktfl card, ticket;postage·stamp.

r da, the leHer ,,I, cerebral (1, &.1-, ~.

'?';- ~/ti. n (~ [Ji'f(/.: 'husbaod of ar':l. .Dam.i, Sltanp.) in .Ilil, prob. - Ddkini, tIIld-.gro-tIfu.

r~-' ?'~' Ijti.IN4-TM-, 1d.rw, (~ •~, smaJl lympan or ci'Unl, with

II. handle and two balls fastened 10 it bya ;;t~p.

.::urr ~'4k, gen. °drayo, lJi",/.;~ the posl"; letter·posl-,.;~, 1aJ!. -1i, llvw.. ,..-m, the beam of( r a pair of seales; l\ kind of litter.

" ta, 1. the le.tter t, ten~is, French t. 2. nuw. JIg.. 9. - 3. lDSt. of btafJ~, v.

ya-bto!J8•

,'1TJ'~' td·ka-I'i (llind. it(ICfi..l) commonscates, I..t.

,'''1' td·/tu W stick with II book, hooked~ caoo, crutch; °ta·.bt._,.w·ku° IA.

crooked, contracted, crippled.

,'~' IdiJir W bread, esp. the flat brend-cakes of India, commonly cnlled

'dul.pdt«; °Ctt. ta.gi," lAo boiled flourdumplings; O(lil.la-gi," IllI.ncllkes.

,'~' iIi· ba (Pets, 4l.:i) gen. °/~o IV. II.

flat iron pan without" handle:

,'~::rr Id.bafJ W, (dr·iXJfJ C:, a plate,°1<1.009 tlal-dlil" w., O{t,'-/Jr" C" a

llai plate. *kor-kor* a deep plat(*, soup-

plate.

f t ,-/'r (spelling?) W. fence of l>oaid>

or laths.

f<i-:>';/.

<>r f<t-:ii/-i/ul, Persia. /"-:///

(-/u/) a I'er.-ian.

}

t,,-,;,- 1*,'( /V/-.s.

,jG')H'. ;i small

pair of scales, goldweights.-V

y^,'/</-;v ; v. /v.

-.q.td -In 1 . cfT^T the palmyra tree. H<>-

/v/.ss//.s //(i(>('/l/f<>r/>t/'x (not the date-

tree r.s.)

/?. -- 2. In more recent time-.

and already in Mil.. f<i-l.<n-<i-

duiaca.

yoi'Oj*ta-la-l(i Le.r. lamp, lantern.

* t(l ~ la * ~ Md - ma (ta-lai Mong.

ocean, sea), the Dalai Lama,v. line. II., 155. Kopp. II., 120.

trrrrcrn' fay-tdf/ W. the imitative sound of'

knocking, *tay-tdy cw* there is a

knock, *tay-tdg i-o-ce* to knock at the door.

^' tan through, v. ton and Iteii.

tan - kun n. of a medicinal herb

Mcd.

'^T tan-ya v. ?'T

T|"taii-ka.

'^' tatka-la Ssk. the present moment

rusk.

- tan - diir IA!, a sort of hard cake

or bread, resembling biscuit or

m

tab-tub v. tob-tob.

trr'M* *>' - f<"'^ *t.ar - tar- co - ce* Lcl. to

' ' smooth (wrinkles or folds in cloth,

paper etc.)

t-Qt-rt- tdl-pa, or //-///, Cs.: 'a moment',

Sch. : 'quick, decisive, penetrating' ;

f<i/-l><tr, Cs. also tdl-ntar, \. instantly.

immediately, quickly C., e.g. so/} go without

delay! Le,r. --2. Sch.: completely, quite

through, yh'nl-pa to hew, to cut (<piite

through), Obif/s-pa to bore through, to

perforate; also tal <%s-/ "'

' ft'M"' !l tool with hole> in it. used

by nailrr- *</>.

j~ // I. num. fig.:- 2. Not originally

Tibetan. designating "water ; tlii-

ha- found its way into /,</.. where it how-

ever occurs only in *Kd-ti* saliva (\v::

of the mouth), and in "nd-fi* mucus (run-

ning from the nose)- 3. v.

*/////.

explanation, commentary.

c'epr' '

t'--ft'<h ('Sr// -

)'f ' -

ty/) bad, mean.

silly '*.,- obstinate, stubborn >V7//-.

heath-cock >'///.

Wr. cap. hat (from the /////</.

n

'5|* ti-pu, Sch.: tl-j'm mjng-riii pheasant.

f/-f*a<SV//.,

tii-fxa .sv//.. anvil.

CTX' fi'-faa 1. tiy-fsa zinc M<'</.; //-

po cadmia, calamine (?) JAW. 2. a

musical instrument, constructed of metal

Sch.

q- ti-w, te -*v, the snow-peak-

around the lake Manasarowar

is, which are considered to be the

highest and holiest of mountain-.

^n- 1iy 1. alsotiff-tig, L<:r. w. .: Sch.:

'certainty, surety: certain'. In col.

language *tiy, dig, ft';/,f

iy''.is fnj. u>ed

for: to be sure! well, well! very right! al-..

as an adj.: nor-day tig-tig the right, the

lawful heir. Cf.*

ffrig; tig If<>-n . tit

bitter herbs, e.g. of Gentiana Chi-

rayta) several species of gentian.

tig-nu'n< N., //'/-/>- /.</., the riliand>

which are wound round the felt-

gaiters that cover the lower part of the legs.

fsa = ti-tsa.

<l-ri<l >>/.in>t. of ttt-gir.

fin 1. a small cup of brass used,--p.

in sacrificing. 2. the sound of me-

tal, *tiii Zi'r-ra rag* \\'. I hear a tinkling.

~". ,..r !II

t;-l'i(?) IV cap. hat (from thr lliml.

*""').

~£f'r~

~~"I~.q.

~.~. li·im, Srh.: I'-'f'm. "Yllg.l"iI' pheasanl

1'\5" fI'-lsa Sty., t.i-flU' ~~r"., anvil.

1·a:;· ti·(~/t 1. tiy.fsu linc tIIl'</,; ti·fiJU 11I,'.1»0 cadmi:\, Cl\lnmine (f) M.-d, - 2. It

musicnl instrument, con~trucud of metal&1,.1~r ~.~' tt-u, ft-,.., the snu'lil'~pel\ks

,1 l\round the lake MnDlI.5..,rOWltrin Mliul'i$., which ar6 considered to he thehighest nDd holiest of mounlfliD$.~' liy 1. also tig.tifJ. 1~.r. w.e,; Sd..:

'certnint)', suretf: certllill'. III col.langul\ge ·to, rJifJ, (,-:/, I ig~, is fl'll. USCi.1for: 10 be sure! well, well! very right! .I.soitS nn ndj.: no'·....1119 lif/-tifl the right, theInwful hcir. Cf. .o!fI"ly; tiglld-u, ti[; Willi·,tty- (slid v. sub fig. - t, f3ik. the greathornel~'l:;"' tty-til (from f~ tile u. of stweralIt I bitter herbs, e.~. of G{'Dtiana Cllirayt.,) s{wcml species of gentian.b'~" tig-mel. Cr., l'g_I"; 1.<1., the rihnnd.~

I -, -, which nrc wound rounll the felt·

gllitars tbat cover the 10\\'er I,art of llie leg~,

~'a:;' tiy-fut _ ti·~1.

~=lT~.:q' tl'y.,1!1 Sp. in~t, of t"-t,tl·.

~,.., ti,. 1. l\ slltltll cup of Ilm~s u,;{'11 r"p.I .... ill sncriliciug, - 2. tlie ..oullll of Ille·4t:1,r'Uiri -"If roy· II: I hear a linklinl{.

?~.~. Ilil-b<1 II. tool 'I\'itll hole>! in it, u>tf!dby nailers &I..1ti I.uum. lig.: ~·m. t. Not origimtlly

Tibehlll, desiglllttinJ; 'wllter': this 'I\'ordh:u; found ill; wltf ioto IA., wh~re it hoW"_{'vcr ,)('curs only in -11/i_I,- lifIlim (wakrof tile moutlL), lind in -'IIi_Ii· mucU!l (Mmning from the no»e) - :J. ". _p,,!;.

~"1' /i-l'/, (iAT) explanation. commentary,

Ii - "'fl, (&/" r,i - (uf/) bad, mean.silly l..i,; obstinate, shlbbom &"...li,...1I/;y heath-cock Sri,.

td • III I. 1fTW the palmyra tree, nQn!l$lts ,",be/lirol'mill (liot the {tllte_

(fPC (\I.) /l. - 2. In wore receut times,lIud already in Mil., td-l(l s~ms to u("nolethe plantain 01' hnnnoR trc(', :Ihul/I pt"'I~_

di$;ul~'.

•7!:.·::r IlIIi-ytl v. tT]" fllli-I.:a.

7,·I:.r Iltt!.:,l·lu &1.:. the present momenl"l IVdk.

'"7.'--' 11m. dU,. JA. a ~ort of hard cakeI ~""\ or bread, reselllhiiog hi~cuit or

rusk.

7~'7~' f(1b-/db ". lob-fOb.

7'::'"-" Iw·.la,·, -tar·/dl'·M·l'I' IA. to') smooth (wl·ink.le~ or foills in cloth,

Imper etc.)7~"r tdl·1Hl., or tdl.ma, G.: 'II mO\Dtlnt"

Srll.: 'quick, decisi"e, penetl'l\ting';llil.pal·, (i. 1\150 IlIl·"IaI·, J. instantly,immediately, quickly C., e.g. :w# go withnutdelA)'! {,r.r. - 2. Sci,.: completely, quitethrough, r;-o.l- Jlo to IlCW, to rut ('Illitetlirough), oblfJ8 -J}(I to bore tlll'Oll~h, toperflll":\tr; also 1,,/ i ..iY~JX,DI

lIut plnte, '~'O'" A·o,,- 1\ dCI'J! "Illw, soul'I,lltu'.r::::'.q=.: ,,,-brI' (~I)elling?) II'. fence of homllsJ Of I"ths.Cf~' tll.~i!J, or !u.:ifl-yM, Persia. 11I-:iy

(-]In) n l'er"i:m.

",'.::;;:r tu-m _I~': ("'~I·$. ,j~i) IV. n slllllll

pair of :;clIles, goldweights.

,'=:" tll-/'; ", ,'f.

5·or

,'r:,rr:.r 1,/·/((-111 Lu. lamp, lantern.

1·c.,~·gr~· til -lui· bid -1/1// (Iaolai MOII!I.::t ocean, sea), the Dalai Lnma,

\", 1/Itc. Jr., 155. Kopp. 11., 120.y'T5=fJ' ftlg_fdg W. the imi\ntiw' sound of

kuocking, 'fug-/,ifl ':.('t" there is akuock, 'tug-tug i:J-u' to knock nt the door.

7~' Imi through, \". /Q,i lind ltc,i.

~!:.'fT]ii:' tllli - kUIl n. of a medicinnl herhI ....,-' Jl[l'd.

204

tiy.-ne-dzin

Was. also ^*rpcrf%) contem-

plation, profound meditation, perfect ab-

sorption of mind, cf. bsam-ytdn, and sgom-

pa\ tin-ne- dzin byed-pa Sch., gen. tin-ne-

Odzin-du )ug-pa to be absorbed in deep

meditation; tin-ne- dzm Jlrun devout me-

ditation takes place; also meton.: the fa-

culty, the power of meditating e.g. pel Mil.

"

tin-r)in Sik. shrew(-mouse).

tin-tin clean, well-swept Ld., Ts.

*

tin-ti-lm snipe Ld.

y^-x ncnxi' tin {-tin} -sags little bells

moved by the wind Sch.

tib-ril, resp. ysol-tib, tea-pot, zans-

tib a copper tea-pot, rdza-tib an

earthen tea-pot.

tim-pi Mil. goat's leather, kid-leather,

from India, dyed green or blue.

w^T tim-bu Ts. funnel.

Cfir ^ sesame, til-mar sesame-oil,'

seed-oil.

{- w 1. num. fig.: 69. - 2. an affix,

Nb denoting the terminative case, or the

direction to a place, joined to the final

consonants g and b; cf. du, ru, su.

tu-pag (Turk, ^^j1

) W. gun, mus-

ket, fire-lock, fowling-piece, *yydb-ce*

to discharge, fire oif; *tu-pag-man* gun-

powder.

evcvrv tu-ru-ka Ma. the Turks, Turkomans,7 ^ I

*

tu-tsa v. ti-tsa.

e-.^'tu-ld (Ssk., Hind.} a balance, pair of

>6f^ scales, 6'. *tu-la teg-pa* to weigh.

ccn'zn^'accn' tug-gin Odug 'cannot' Sch. (?)N NS

-j-.^-. tug -rin, or tug -cum, prob. also

NS ^ -cem, Cs. : a wooden rattle's

sound or noise; Sch. also: the trotting of

horses heard in the distance; tug-viii-can

Stg. noisy (?).

^" M&, tub ycig-tu rgyiid-do?

s" to-to-lin-lin

__.-. tub-tug Lex. w. e.;Sch. : 'either

Nb Nb or, whether I be able (to do it)

or not' (?).

"CJ' tur-ba (?) W. to darn (stockings).

tur-re clear, distinct, syn. to wdl-le;

NS yid tur-re Odug it is clear to mymind; tur-re bzun Mil. prob. watch it!

have a sharp eye upon it ! ze- sddn lam

dogs tur-re gyis Mil. take care lest an emo-

tion of anger arise in your mind! tur-gyis

sad Mil. prob.: he awakes, stirs, is evi-

dently roused; tur-re-ba Glr.; adj. (or ab-

stract noun), r)ed-yen-med-par tur-re-ba

clear, firm with regard to perceptions, opi-

nions etc., without omission or digression.

P- te \. num. fig.: 99. 2. an affix de-

noting the gerund, and used after the

final letters n, r, I,s (v. Grammar), to be

translated by the participle in ing, or sen-

tences beginning with when, after, as etc.;

also used as a finite tense (though seldom

in B.), and in that case followed by Odugor yod, or also without these words: *ddd-

de Odug* I sit W.; Ogr6-ba yin-te Mil. I go.

c*ni' te-por Lex. = legs-par', Sch.: very,

really, actually.

v

*

te-bor Sch. constantly, continually.

*

te-se v. ti-se.

' u9-Pa >imP- to9> ^-> W->

= o%s"

j9, to pack up, put up; to put in

or into,^am -

bay- la* into one's bosom;

*tay-t'ul* or *fug* preparations for a jour-

ney, *tan-ce* W. to make.

teu? Ld.-Glr. (Schl. f. 25, b) ;ten ser-

po; Mil. 59, 4 of my edition; Lex. :

teu sin-Kri, where Sch. translates: a square

table.

?QJTr tel-pa Cs. : an instrument for burn-

ing Med.; Icdgs-tel such an instru-

ment of iron 6s.; sprd-tel LtJ

"& to 1. num. for 129. -- 2. affix added

to certain verbs, when they terminate

a sentence.

" to-to-lin-lin W., an adv. de-

noting a swinging motion;

~'2.,,\~~. ti_· 1ie .. •J;;;,. (V'I'TN Tn!il'JWu,. also 4il1(.qr'nJ contem

plation, profound meditlltion, l)('rfcct I'llrsorption of mind, cr. W(w/·r1an, I1ml 196mpa; tiii-fif-o(l::in byM-j"J(J &h., gen. II/i-lieil;;iil4.u .,jug-po to be ll.u$Orbed in deeproedi\3tioD; ti;,.ri'...d....;" ..fnili dC\'out meditntion 18"" place; aJ-.o melon.: the faculty, the power of meditating e..g.l1tl Mil.

~..tt:;: t;"_,,I':; Sil', shrtw(-mouse).

iC'~' tiii-tiii clean, well.swept J.d., 11.

~~.~t:: ti';-ti·{;':' snipe IA.

,c'Gt)lfl--'f tiii ( • Ii.. ) .. iu9' little bellsmoved b,. the wind &11.

~~er t;!HiI, rcsp. pol-lib, lea-pot,:u.....fib. oopper tell-pot. Nbo.-tib All

earthen tea-pot.?"=t tim.•pi Mil. goat's It1Ither, kid-leather,

from Indin, dyed green or blue.

~.s- tim-bu 1a. funnel.

r-.r til (ftAr) sesame, til-mar sesall1c-oil,~-<HI.

~ til I. Dum. fig.: 69. - 2. M Ilffix,J denoting tbe terDlinati\"c ease, or thedirection to It place, joined to the finnlconsonantll g nnd b; cr. (Iu. ru, .u.c;~ IIi-I)('/{! (T1jr~" ..>.t,:;) n: gun, mus

-.b ket, firfi·lock, fowling-piece, ·g//<iv-re·to dischl\rge, fire off; ·tli-'fK'g-flIMI· gun_powder.

.1~'''1' tu-rw-l;a ~~a. the Turks, TlII"komans.~, ooS;;.- 1

.j".t til-1M ,'. Ii_1M.

c;r.f t,,-If( (SK., 11i,"I.) a balance, pair 01~ r; scales, C. ·til.-Ia tk.rpa· to weigh.

..T1·~·aa~· t,,-g-gill odUfl 'clUmot' &II.(?)

c;;:fT~,t:: tug -rili, or tuv-lirlll, prob. nlso..J, , tug - HM, u.: a wooden rattle'ssouDd or noise; &11. also: the trotting ofhorses heard in the distance; tllg-n"-bJ"StV' pois)" (?).

~. tab, tub r"'.rtll 1'9!1iH/-d~~

~~ lub-ti'!J I..u. \1".(".; &/t.: '("ilh("r..J, '..J, lor, ",'hether 1 be able (to do it)or not' (?).r.::r t/ir-ba (?) Ii'. to darn (stockings).

1::"~' liI,..rt clear, distinct, syu. to 1OOt-/~;

-..;:, yill tllI'_Tt- odU!! it is c.Ie.r to en)'

mind; tiI,,-," b:uli Mil. prob. 'ntch it!han a shllTp e)"e IIl'on it! u-.Jdtt {w;.dOf!' I;,,.-r~ !JyU Mil. t.kc care lest I\n emotion of anger arise in your mind! t""..gy;'Illd Mil prob.: he awakes, stirll, is evidently roused; tli,.-rc-ba Gil'.; ndj. (or Rbst.rn<:t Doun), rj«l_YC" -111M-]"iar til I'-re-vaclenr, firm witl! rfignrtl to perceptions, opinions etc., without omission or digression.

~ it I. num. 6g.: 99. - t. an artix de-noting the gerund, and u.sed after t~

fin/ll leiters 14, r, I,. (v. Grnmnmr), 1(1 betranslated by the participle in ing, or S('D

teneCll beginning with when, after, as etc.;also used as a finite tense (tbough seldomin lJ.), and in tba~ cftse followell by oJayor !}<KI, or also without these '\\ord.. : ·ddd(I, oduy· ( sit IV.; .,grO-ba yi'I-" ,1/il. I go.

~.:F.. ti-por Lu. - Ilrfl-lNfr: &It: very,really, actually.

~::K' '~-bor &11. constantlJ, ('ontinnally.

~~ tNt v. Ii-I<'.

ifrl'.=:J· tlg~pa, imll. tog, G., J1~, = offgs.lK1, 10 pack up, put up; to put in

or into, ·'am - bU!J -Ia· int(l one's bosom;-wy-/tlf" or .,;.g. prepnrations for a journC)', ·'ait-h· W: to make.

~Q," 1~1 l.d.-Gir. (&M. r. 2J, b); feu';""~ po; .Mil. 59, 4. of my edition j Lu:

leu i(;,-~,,.i, where &11. trtUlslntes: a squnretnble.~..q' IPl-pa (,(1.: 110 iostrument fOI' burn

ing .M«l.; (N!!'-I"- such An instrument of iron til; .pra-ttl IA.'if to I. num. for 129 - 2. affix added

10 certain verbs, when the)' ii"rminateR senleuce.

to-Io.I;';-/i" W, an nth-. denoting :l. swinging motion;

"

In-nee *ti>-tn-lin-liit W .s,Wr* to play :il

>\\in^in^. In >\\in^.

"ra- /,;_/ tor <-/,/ 6'.

TSn- '"//1-

(SJlTJ'< 'the top of any tiling

'

a top ornament'; esp. the button on

the cap of Chinese dignitaries, as a 111:11-!%.

of distinction; ioy-<lk<n\ %?f%a n. of Bud-

dha iii paradise (dga-lddri) before his in-

carnation lAl.-Glr. 8, a.; nnh't/i-toy point,

thorn, nail. 2. for toy, and thus prob.also used in skabs-toy now, at present Ld.

toy-sgra, tdg-tog-sgra J.e.r., a rolling

sound <SV//,

ace. to Wdn. also a

cracking sound."

tog -til a bump, a swelling, by a

knock against the head.

'ffy-tse W., tog-rfM L<>.r.

t hoe, mat-

tock. pickaxe W. (in C. Jor); t-.y-

the iron of the hoe, tog-yu the handle

of it; toy-leb a spade (?) r.s.

toil-ton byi'd-pa Le.r., Sc/i.:

to perforate; to produce a

whirling noise.

foA-& W. button, *to'6-<V brgyab-ce*to button up; cf. fob-cu; (buttons

are not in general use in Tibet).

tb-tob xmra-ba to talk con-

fusedly Sc/>.; W.: *tab -tab*,

or *tab-tob ma co* keep your temper! donot talk with such agitation!

^$ tou-lo polecat Mi.

tol? Mng, bcm-tol? Sett, tol-ycod-pa=

tal-ycod-pa q.v.

tram-pa hard (of rare occurrence);

*a-ti'dm, iiis-tram, rtsa-tram, tram-

f///,

tram -nay, are different species of

gout

a iii<-(li.-iii<- in tin

a powder Ma/////// diligence, industry

' s. ; tnm ///./-

;> to be diligent, to exert one's

tri-ked v. ti-ked-.

ft'i-*u(-ld), from f^^j^ trident

Wdk.

C'C'S" trc-tre-ho (by the context) a dan-

gerous disease of the stomach or a

serious symptom of it /V//.

trc-ba-can coloured Sch.

> to disperse .SV-//.

/ /" /'~ /''.'/ thanks, thanksgiving, and

prob. also thank -offering, esp.

rendering thanks to a deity ; ytan-r<i<j ////.//-

y///. J>ill-lxi Mil.. Ll . \\\ *ro- t ,,j,;,!-,;* tO

lender thanks.

cncc- yfud (v. }'i'"l-j>a), in the direction .,!',

towards. }-ytitt-</r<il-<lu yftitl ;////,

going towards the left end of the row 67r. ;

"don-tad" W. directly opposite, just over

against.

ytdd-pu 1. vb,

v. ytod-pa, also

brf<i<l-ji<t.- 2. sbst. hold, steadi-

ness. firmness, yfad-pa-mcil it has no hold,

no firmness Mil.; ytud-nii'd Qcdl-ba Zmn.

prob. to vacillate, to waver, to be unsteady.

ytdd-so a refuge, resource, e.-j).

store of provisions ;*te"-*o zdg-pa*

C. to procure such a store.

ytdn(-pa) Cs.: 'series, order, sys-

tern; a bar for a door; &7/.

also 'anvil', and 'to lock up'. People from

C. knew only one signification of ytdn-pa,

viz mortar, = ytun; bar, door-bar occur-

in syo-ytdn C. and W. But a different

word seems to be ytun: 1. order, system.

in the current phrase yfdn-la JUb+pa to

put in order, to arrange, to reduce to a

system, 6/r-.s/v/// measure and weight Gli:,

the Tibetan alphabet <///.. the civil law

and the canon law Glr., laws, books, = to

compose, draw up, write Glr. : ran - stmt

ytdn-pa in a mystic sense: to regulate.

compose, and purify the mind Glr. ; also

to fashion, to train ('., to set right Mil.

(Cf. bsam-ytdn.)- - 2. duration, peril, also

entireness, completeness, hence ytdn-yyi

constant, continua^/fcw-f/jtK/.x consort, part-

ner for life Mil.: ytan-mnl >>//.: 'pertsh-

al)le, without duration or continuity': ytt'tn-

<ln i. always, continually, for ever, ytdn-

du (>:itii*-i><i living there continually Tar.

2. entirely, completely (which is the usual

hence ·/o-to-fi,;-!i,j xtllllJ..rt· to pillY nts\\ingillg, lo swiUK.

-~r.r Iii-III (0\' tli~fd (',

-f~' log I. (iI~ G',: 'thetopofnll)'tlJilllt,a top ornament'; eSII. the Ilutlon 011

tile Clll' of Chinese {ligllitRrie~, tiS n lIIArkof distillctioll; tOfj...../M,., Vll'~ II. of Uud<lIm in pIlr:\llisc (t/!JIl.ldtiu) before Ilis in_Cllrnntion Llf.-GII'. 8, n.; Jl!t/u,i_ICIfj point,thorn, nnil. - 2. for 'Of!, rlud thus Iitob.nlso lIse~ in d.'obs-tog DOW, nl JlI'esent Ltf.

-('::n':!'.!' 100-8!f1'U. M!!-log-3yl'a L/'.r., n rollingII msound &1" IIcr, to Wa,i. also It

cr"cking sound."f'1~~' log_ til a bump, a swtlling, by 1I

knock ngaillst the hend.

-,.:"'"~.~ tdg-t1Jt W, 109-dill! 1.,.,"" hoe, mat·I tock, pickaxe W (in C. .Jm'); t"y_

1<\//9' the iron of the hoc, tOY-}Ju the Iwndlcof it; tog-/ro R bllnde (?) Or.

?c.1JE::§~·tr f()I;-t("i hyM-pa Lr.l'., &1,,:to pelforntc: to IJroduce n

wllirliug- Iloise,-9=l'i5' lob-a n: button, ·1Ob-H bI'Y,ljtlb-u·

to button up; cf, frJb-?u; (buttonsnrc not in g-enernl u~e in Tibet).

5.::f~=r~.::r wb-too ~m,',l-lm to talk COIl-~ fusedly &1,.; If'.: ·tt,b _/db·.

Of *tab-too 1IIa j'o· keep )'our temper! do/Jot talk with sllch agitntion!

1~'af tOlv-la polecat &11,

"?fl' ton M,iy, &-1II_tof1 Sci,. tol-yMd-]J(/lul-yetid_p(/, q,\',

~"r Irelm-pll hard (of rllrc occurrence);,fa-I/'(llll, 1'WI-IrUIIl, ,'hla-ll'(fm, tl'(l1II

tlJ.:d,', Iram - tlllg, arc different slJe('ies ofgout Med.

~''ill:)' f,1-kf'(1 v. If-Awl.

~'..a'(l:.l') t"'-~ll(-Ia), from "~ trideut-I.J mlA',~'~1 t''I'-trl_/1O (by the ('oulettt) n dnn

gerous disease of the stomac!1 or nserious >;)'rnptom of it J'tli.

~'.::f'\)..l· (I-.!-bu·i'ml coloured &1,.

~'~%.f' Iff...,,,,, a 111l'dicine in thl: ~IiaIJI: firII pow/h'r Mn.I.

~~. ""0/1 diligence, industry fi.; /nlll by&!_IN.I to he diligellt, to Cll'rt on~'5 1loC1f.

9j=l'r*' rtuY-rlo" I..u, w,e,; rlt'fn'loNbu to di~jlel"'c S('A.

~!:..~. ylw,-r"y thanks, thanksgiVing, 1I1ldI,,·ob. Abo tlllink _offerillK, ('~p.

rendering thlluks to II deity; ytllll-l'('9 b!JIdJlIl,obitl./.xJ ,1/;/', I.t, II: ·t'v;-,\t, illii-c'l' torel]d~r thanks.~_. ylud (v. }'IM-pa), in the directioll of,

'" towards, y!lfJll-yrld-du )"Iml ]~'1i"-IlI"going towards tile left enu of tile ro\\' Glr.;'do,i-ltid' W. directly opposite, just o"erllgniust.

~l:)':r ytud-pa J. vb, v, t'M-p", 1lJ,,0

bl'ttid-pa. - 2. sbst. hold, steadiness, firmness, yteltl-pa'l/Il'I/ it !lMS no hold,no firmness Mil.; ytut/-mM o(tU-bu ZUNI,I'rou. to ,'aciU;\te, to WA,'er, to Ue un~teAd)'.

:rr;~''%f yldd - 80 a. refuge, resource, ~p.

stpre of pro"isions; ·,t-30 My-paf '. to llrocure such "' store,

:rr;~'(.:.j') yttllie-pa) (".: 'series, order, s)'s-telU; II uar for n door'; &n.

also 'nnvil', nnd 'to lock up'. People frOlll(: knew only one signifiCAtion of yf(ill'/HI.vir. moriaI', _ ylulI; bar, door·bar oc('ursill 8!Jo-yldll C nnd If: But ll. differentword seems to Jxo ylull: I. order, syttem.ill the current phnlsc yMIl-la .,MJ..]Xl toJlut in order, to Ilrrange, to reduce to IIs)">;tem, b..i-M·u" mellSure and weight af...,the TilJetnn alphabet Gil'., tLe ch'il IllWand tIle clIDon law GII'., law~ boob, - to('01llI,08c, drll.\\' up, write Glr.; raH - d,,11ytUll - pu in II nl)'stic sense: to regulllt(·,COlllllOse, nnd purif)' the lUind Glr,; alsoto fasllion, to tnlin C., to set right MiJ.(Cf. /"'tl/ll-y(.lIl,) - 2. duration, perh, alsoentireness, completeu<.'Sl>, Lellcc }'tllll - !/!fl'colI~tant, eOlltillunl,j·/tm-m"O!J'l consort, part·ner' for life Mil,; y/mHIIlH &J..: 'perisb~

IIble, without durlltiou or contilluit)··: }'tliH+

lIu t, always, continually, for ever, }'ft;H'II/.( b=Nff4-l'll Ih'iug there collulluall)' Tar.'l. enli Iv. completely (wllich i~ the u~lI:\1

'c "

206

ytan-fsigs

signification of ytan-du) e.g. to cut off, to

deliver completely ; ytdn- nas id.

; ytan-

Imgs agreement, stipulation, convention,

ytan-krigs byed-pa Mil.

Note. Owing to its second signification

ytan is often confounded with brtan(-po),

or even with bstan(-pa). Not only illiter-

ate people, but well-educated Lamas from

C. were occasionally doubtful as to the

correct spelling of this word.

a f . S^ytan-feigs-kyi de-Ko-na-

nyid bstdn-pa=%ddT=l^^2Tr) 1 argument.

syllogism 6s.; evidence before a court of

justice Dzl. ??sS, 6. 2. /Sc/t.: a standing

proposition, indisputable point Thgy. (wherein my Ms. brtan-fsigs is erron. written; v.

the note to the preceding word).- - 3.

logic, dialectics 6s.; ytan- fsigs- med -par

smrd-ba is in Stg. the term applied to a

kind of kydl-ka, evidently: illogical, ir-

rational talk; ytan-fsigs-su bzed-nas Glr. !)(>.

wishing to clear up, to render evident (?) ;

ytan-fsu/s-m/i'an dialectician, logician.

ZTR3T ytam (Tf) *a"c discourse, speech,

1. in a general sense: *tam cig-pd"

C., *tam cig-ciy* W., that is one and the

same talk, that means the same; ytambsdur-ba to compare depositions, to exa-

mine, to try judicially, *tam-dur* W. trial,

judicial examination. -- 2. news, tidings.

intelligence, ytdm bzdn-po good news; pyis

ytam mi Oduy after which there are no

further accounts Mil.;*tam sdd-ce* to tell

a tale, a story W.; report, rumour, fame,

de pul zer-bai ytam ryydl-pos fos-nas when

the king heard the report that . . . had

been delivered up Pth.; fay-rin-yi ytam

fame of remote matters or events; bddy-

gis ytdm-du fos-na as I have learned, have

been told Dzl. - 3. section, chapter Tar.,

frq.

Phrases, ytam gleh-ba S.O., Dzl., ytdm-du ylen-ba Dzl. to speak, to converse, to

discourse; ytam byed-pa, smrd-ba, zer-ba

id.; ytam byar Ogroo I shall go and speakto him Dzl.

;the genit. preceding ytam

always denotes the person or thing spoken

of, not the person speaking; ci-ltar gy>''-

pai ytam byas he gave an account of the

manner how it had happened Dzl.; mfun-

pai ytam byed-pa to negotiate about peaceGlr.

; cos(-kyf) ytam byed-pa to begin a

religious conversation Mil.; na <l<'-l.<<ir byed-

pai ytam mi - la ma lab do not tell any

body that I am doing this Mil.;in a si-

milar manner: mi, rim-bai ytam bsgrdg-yo

he shall declare it to be unbecoming Thgr. ;

pa - mdi ytam dris he inquired about his

parents Dzl.;bu-moi ytam fos he heard of

the girl Dzl.

Comp. ytam-rg-yvd tradition, oral account;

de'i ytawwgy&d the legend of him. ytam-ndn ill report, slander. ytam-snydn joyful

news, glad tidings, sgrog-pa to announce

Mil. --ytam-bsdur v. above. ytdm-dpe

a proverb, a saying 6s. -ytam-rtsub

rough speech, abusive language. Note. In

W. *(s)pe-ra* is more in use than *tam*.

ytam -pa 1. adj.full^

spu-

!/// ytdm (s)- pa quite full of

razors Thgy.; also Lcxx.\ more frq. it is

spelled (b)ltdm(s)-pa. 2. vb. to appoint,

to commission, of rare occurrence. -

sbst. 6s. : a term for a thousand billion,

yet v. the remark to dkrigs-pa.

zTKQ^ST)rtd(-ma) L('^'- (cf- /fe'-p) Pawn,

pledge, ytd-mar )ug-pa to pawn,to give as a pledge, ytd-ma blu-ba to re-

deem a pledge 6s ; *nor-ta* W. jewels,

precious stones, given as a pledge (6's. :

'pecuniary security, bail'); mi-yta a hos-

tage 6s.

ytar-ba, with Krag ,

to bleed, to

let blood Med.; ytdr(-bar) byed-

pa, rtsd-ba-la from a vein, or also ytdr-

ga Odebs-pa id.

^ P* yti-Ke a kind of louse Sch.

'^^1' yti-fuy insane, mad Sc/i.,= ti-fua.

9'oom, mental

darkness, ignorance, stupidity, glen-

pa yti-mug-can infatuated fools Dzl. ;mfsdn-

mo yti-mug-ynyid-du son at night I fell

into a profound sleep Mil.; in a special

206

signification of ytan-du) e.g. to cut off, todeli\'cr completely; rtliJl-1WB id.; y/(I1I

l~';!J8 agreement, stiJlullltioD, convention,rtall-kri!J8 byM.pu Mil.

Note. Owing to its second signifiCfltionflan is often confoumJed with brtulI(-po).or even with lJ"ta1i(-p(~), Not only illiterate peoilic. but we1l-cducnted Lamas from(', were oCClli'ionnlly doubtful liS to thecorrect spelling of this w(ml.trJ:: ••~~. yffm-(si[j8 (&1-. ~, Sf!!_, /)0,I/~""" '1' :3f. 344rll.lll-f3iys-J.yi de-i/o-III'

"yid ~/(i.lj-PU = ':111 i<'l'dqi(1l) 1. argumenlsyllogism ClI.; cvidcllct' before a court ofjustice D~l. 1)-$, 1" - 2. Sel,,; a standingproposition. indisputable [loint TI,!!!!. (wherein my jlfg. brfan-fsig8 is erron. wnucll; I',the note to the precediog word). - 3.logic, dialectics {'k; fl(m - (Biy~ - tIIbl-pHIIlIlrd-!.H, is in Sifl. the term alJplied to akind of ky(U -l'a, evidently: iUogiCl\l, irrational talk; ffan-(si{/s-sll b::M-lws Glr. %.wishing to cloar up, to r~llder c\'ident(f)jyl((/f_{slgs_m1'un dialectician, 10brician.

:n"~' flum (llr\!ft) talk. djscours~. speech,'0 1. in a general seuse: '*lulll ii!!-Jl(l~

C., ·WIIl UfI-H!f HZ, thl\t is one nail thesame talk, that nleanS the <>arne; til/III/.,s{!lil·- btt to compare depositions, to examine, to try judicially, '*(((IIl·d,ir- Iv. trial,judicinl cxamiuation. - 2. news, tidings.intelligence, y/tim lml,,-po good news; P!li~

ftam mj odug after which there are nofurther aecouots Nil.; '*Ium srid-Ct- to 0011a tnle, a story lv'; report, rumour, fam~,

de pul zr!,..btli rtum q/!lril~ (Os-lII1S whentile king heard the report that ... hadbeen delivered up H/I.j (uf)- d,i-gi rillmfame of remote matters or events; IxMf)gis rlalll-du (Os-lIa as 1 have learned, havebeen told D:l. - 3. section, chapter 1~lr.,

frq.Phrases. ftwn g/.ili-ba S.O., Dd., r,alll

du guiti-ba Dd. 10 speuk, to converse, todiscourse; flam b.,/M-pn, 31l1rti-lm, zh-buid. j ylum b!/w' ofJl'(J() 1 shall go and sl,eakto him D::l.; the genit. preeeding rto.n~

always denotes tile person qr thiQg sjlo II,

of, nut thc IICrsoli -"peaking; ;';-Itm' 1/.'1';I"pai )'talll b,!jas he gavc au account of tbemanner how it Ilad lllllipenod Dzl.; nI(,inJim' r'(llN byN.-pu to uegotiate uhout peaceG/,·.; ~(-I.:!jO ti(.ll,1 b,/fld-}l(1 to begin (I

religious convcrsation Mil.; 1Ia dr-li(ll" bSMpai J'lam 1W' -1(( lila lab do not tell flnybody that 1 am doiug this Mil.; in a similar manner: 1/Ii I'li,i-bui rtum lJ3gni{J-fJOhe shall declare it to be uubecoming T1/(}I'.j

i)rt - mai riam d"jg he inqoired about Ilisparents D:;{'; bIi-moi )'(((111 (Of, he henrd ofthe girl Dd.

Compo yllllll'lyy,id tradition. oral account;del )"fOlI-IY/!Jlirl the legend of him. - ytam·I,(ill ill report ~Iander. - rtflm.gll.'1Ii!l joyfulnews. glad tidings, ~!/I'lig. pu to IInnounceMil. - t(m/I-N(bil" \". above. - ytum·(ll'''a [,roverb, II saying (,'3. - tf/llll - ,.ts,ibrough speech, abusive language. Note. InlV ·(8)pe.I'U- is more in use than -illm'*.

~~(~r.qrfriJ/l(8)-plI 1. ndj lull,lIpli-grl rtrim (8) -]Ja (Iuite full (If

razors '!'Il!!.'j.; nlso 1A'.~;"/,.; 11lOI'C frq. it is~pellcd (b)IMIIl:~)-f!(t. - 2. vb. lo appoint,to commission, of I"are occurrence. - 3.Sb6t. (',;.: II term for a thousand billion,yet v. the relllark to dkriys-,)rl.

::rn~'(;:j'') rid(-lIla) Lr·.r.r. (cf. rfr:.pa) pawn,pledg~,rM-nUl" jliy....l.'a to pawn,

to gil'e us II pledgt', r'd-ma bf,i-!.Ja to redeem a Illedge (ir; -llol"-i"'* IV: jewels,Ilrecious stones, gin·n as a pledge ((ir.:'peClmiar}' security, lmil'); 1lli-yiu n bostuge (.~.

l:lf5'::".q' ridl" - bu, witll 1(/'(19, to bleed, tolet blood Merl.; yttir( -bar) 6,1jM

)K1, rl~a-bu-l{/ from it "ein, or nlso ridl'y{/ Qd4s-}J(/ id.

~F" rli.!!;' :\ kind of louse &f,.

~~r {Ii-(Uff insane. lDad &1,., -I;·(I/Y·~

~.~. J'li - //IlIg (1f1I11t) gloom, mentaldarkness, ignorance, stupidity, yln;,

pa r,i-mllf/-r't/lt infntuated fools D::l.; 111(Sti,;,

1110 )'ti-nlllfj-yll.'Jid-'/lt ~oli at night I fellinto n profound sleep Mil.; in 1\ special

B: the lo\\e>! of the three ,,ti/t,r. or

psychological (|tudities of animated heinir-.

^n^f, T^' ^n?^ virtur. passion, stupidity,aee. to the IJrahniinical theory, for which

however Buddhism has substituted tin-

three moral categories: jiod-cdys, rr-.sv/^//,

yti-niHif, voluptuousness, anger, inconside-

rateness (Kopp. I, 33); yti-muy, as for

example, is the source of falsehoods told

with a pretended good intention, Sty.; the

symbol for it is the pig Wdh. Note. The

philosophical term ma-rig-pa is altogetherdifferent from yti-muy.

/%(*)-/" I*'-'1

- to fall in drops,

to drop, to drip.

y fi- l' ( l- *ltiti*, bottom, i-yya-mtsol

)-fi/t-<//iruys he turned up the bottom

of the sea; ytiu-du nub-pa to sink to the

bottom Cs. ; depth, hence ytiit zdb-po Dzl,

ytin rin - ba deep, ytin nye- ba not deep,

shallow; ryyd-mfso-bas ytin-zub-bo it is

deeper than the sea Dzl. ; yydu - sa ytin-riit-ba a deep abyss Thyr.; cu-bo ytiii-

zdb-po ziy a deep river Dzl. %tf$ y1. (in

the third line however zdb-bo would be

the correct reading for zab-po); ytin-zab-

fydd /cni-bryydd-pa eight cubits deep (lit,

with regard to depth holding eight cubits)Dzl. ?3sS, 5

; fig. ytiit-nas from the bottom

of the heart, nd-la ddd-pa ytin-nas <i</i*

believe in me with all your heart Mil.;

fca-yroys and ytin-yrdgs v. grogs ;ka-dkar-

ytin-ndy white without, and black within

(fig.) Mil.; the following passage of Mil. :

ryyd-mfso ce-la dpe Ion-la Ka-ytiit-med-pai

syom ciy yyis, is not perfectly clear, yetthe real sense seems to be: resemblingthe ocean, be so lost in contemplation,that you do not know any longer a diffe-

rence between surface and bottom; ;'////-

rd<> a stone or piece of lead (zd-ni/ei ytii/-

rdo Pth.} fastened to a rope, and used

as plummet, as anchor, as a clock-weight,as a means for drowning delinquents etc.;

*cu nifnij

-j>o- ce-la //// ml* W. a very

muddy water has no depth ; ytin-ran deep,

ytin- med shallow Cs.

;also fig. deep, re-

served, covert, difficult to fathom, to form

an (.pinion of, and the e.>ntiary : -hallow,

superficial; ytiit- mi - Inn (. <>f unknown

depth: )'tin-ilri'>i'i*-i>ii fathomed, penetrated,ascertained <

'.

/^M-y" 1. to be gathering.

of cloud>. >///// -/<//// ylib-pathick clouds gathering W///.: ////// -

*pfa

vprin-bkm ytib incense wafts along like

clouds Glr.'j mun-pa ytil, l^x.t col. also

*nam - K -

/<//.- 2.

sometimes forr<///>-/><t.

^I" ytim-pa v. f/'/-j>n.

yti' fJ~Pat P f> f'W also /Jf":'-r"-

cognate to My-pa, 1. to reach, to

touch, yi-dam-yyi f&gt-karyt&g&mu puttingor pressing (his forehead) against the bn-a-t

of the image G/r. ;mi zty-yi zdbs-la mgo-

bos ytuy-pa, or only zdbs-ytuy-pa to touch

as a supplicant a person's feet (or skirt)

with the brow, to cast one's self at another's

feet, frq.; btug tug-pa dan was explained:when it (the danger) draws quite near

M<i.\ to overtake, to reach, ni f., e.g. mfa

the end Lex.;to meet with, to join Tar. 1 72,

14. - 2. to bring an action against a

person, to sue &/*., thus prob. Dzl. ??&, 3,

and Pth. 3. = zad-pa to be exhausted,

to be consuined(?)/^///<. :dd-pai ytw/s-pa.

Note. Not only ytiiy-pa, but also manyof the following words have b as well a- ur

for their initial letter, and moreover a

corresponding form beginning with f, of

the same or nearly the same signification.

JW-T- ytun, Sch. also rtun, col. *yog-tun*

'-4' (spelling dubious) 1. pestle; there

are small ones, like ours and large ones,

in shape of poles, as thick as a man's

arm, and about 6 feet long, by means

of which the pounding is effected in an

excavation made in a rock, called ytun-

H'HH\ ytu(- <!!/'*)nliiit-lxi to pound with

a pestle Dzl.' ytun-po mortar Mt.; ytui*-

i>n, ytun-sin pestle< N. 2. mallet, knocker

Dzl

)'f'^'~/"^ '"ore frq. /^//A-/f,

= tub-

/'"to be able. /'//// f <>n-<lu btub-

l>ii-nn> shall you really be able to come

sense: tho lowe~t of the three yW'I' orIls)'cllOlogicnl (Itllllilies of lIlIilllnt.od !leing~,

~, ~, 1'tl=lt(, \'irtu(', pRs~ioll, Slllpi(lity,lICC. w the Brnhnlillicl\! thcory, for wllichIlowe\'er Bu,ldhism hns su!lstituted thethree moml clltegoriell: lWiI.c/ig3, ZIMIf!i;',fli-mug, voluptuousness, linger, inconside·rnteness (KiJpll. 1,113); fti-lIIl1y, as foreXAmple, is tile source of fAlsehoods wl,l~'ith Apretended good intention, Slg.; thesymbol for it is the IJig mlii. Note. Thephilosophiel\l term fIIlt-"'Y-JHI is altogetherdilTerent from fll-1II11[1.

:q)~(~r:f ytiy(tJ)-l'a /"u. to fall in drops,to drop, to drip.

~. yli;', J.d. ·lti,", bottom, I"!JNIi-lIlWiiftili-<I1I''II!j3 he turned up the lioHom

of the sen; fth,-ti" lIIib-p/f to sink to the!loUom u.; depth, hence yli,i zliu-Jlo Dd.,yti,i ,i,i - bit deell, yti,i 'rl.ve - bll not deep,slmllow; I"g!/d - m(w·ba3 ytlli - z/ib_!xJ it isdeeper thlln the sell DzI.; fyal' - 3a yli,i./'iIi - ba a ,Ieep abyss Thgr.; (u-oo rtiil:lib· ptJ Zig n deep river JJ:I. ~Y1I, 1. (inthe third line however :lib_bo would bethe correct reading for :flb-l'0); yti,i-zauI!yud ~"',j,-br!llllid-pl' eight cubits deep (lit.with regnrd to depth holding eigbt cubits)Dzl. ?:(~ [); fig. yl;,,-mj}J froOl the bottolllof the henrt, I,/i-/lt JuJ-pa rli/i-lIm Y!JI:'!lelicve in lOe with nil your heRrt Mil.;J..'a-yrdytJ and r1ili-yro,J8 v. !JIYKfl; ~'a-dJ.:al'

fti,i-nuy white without, and black within(fig.) Mil.; the followillg passage of Mil.:"9!j!i-m(w fe-la dflc lIJil-/tt fll-ylili_mt!ll_pai8f}/J/ll cig 9yi" is net perfectly clenr, yetthe real sense &ecms to be: resemblingtlle ocean, be so lost in cOlltemplation,that you do not know any longer a difference between surface I\n<l ootwm; rti,iI'.ld a stone or piece of lead (:1i-11.yel yti,,TIM 1"t1,.) fa.stened to R rope, lind usellas plummet, u" IUlchor, as II clOCK-weight,(IS a mCl\llS for drowning delinquents etc.;·cu 11.'10 -IX) - i:t -la ti'i /lied- lV. a verymuddy wllter Im~ 1\0 depth: ) thi-hm docll,ylili - mill shallow 01.; also fig. oeep, resen'ed, cO\'ert, difficult to fnt.boJu.~lto ClH'fll

'j 207

nn 0llllllon of, .nd the c,Jl1tnuy: ~h.llo.....superficial: yli,i - /IIi ~ Un ('. of unKnown(leptbj yli"-lll'd"M-l'" fathomed, penetrnkd,Iiscertl\ined ('.

~==!t~r:r yti6(.)_p« I. to be gathering,of clouds, 6Iwin-pllN yt;h_/,..

thick clouds gllthering IVJ,;.; /xl"!} - 'JJ6.~l'dlt. M.in ytib incen.;e wafts along likeclouds Glr.; mlm-,Ja yl'" /..tot., col. also-1l(lI/l- fa lib - II'b !/i)(l! cr. o(i/, - lliJ. - 2.sometimes for rdiu-pli.

~..:r ylim-I'll v. (illl-pa.

~:r rt,ifj")la, pc. ylll!p, also blliy_/KJ,l.{" 1 cognate to (IIY-PIl, 1. to reach, to

louch, .yi-Ilam-gyi (UIl3-1'«1" ylllfjl'·W'tJ puttingor pressing (his forelleatl) IIgnin...t the !lrea~~

of tbe iIlUlge Glr.; mi Yg-y; !:ubs·/a 1Jlf/o..bOtJ yll;g-)l«, or only Mb3-rllI9-pa to touchI\S II. supplicant II peNon's feet (or skirt)witll the brow, to ca~t one's self at Another'sfeet, frq.; blllg (liY-lla Jill' W(l;; explained:when it (the danger) drn......s quite ne.,1r.lin.; to overtake, to reach, ni f., e.g, m(athe end La.; to meet with, to join '1'/1.1'. J72,14. - 2. to bring nn action ngains~ Aperson, to sue &/1., thus (lrob. D::l. nc, 3,and J1k. - 3. - zUII-lxl to be exhflu~led,

to be consumed(?) Zulli. :Iid-pm' ylwfj4-j-'(I.-Note. Not only ylIlO-'I'a, but also many

oCthe following words JlllVe !I as well as gfor their initinl letler, nnd morOOl"er 11.

oorre8('onding form beginning with (, oftbe Slime or nellrly the same signifiCAtion.

:rFi~' fIlm, &h. Also rtlm, 001. ·!JOfI./tIll·l.{" (spelling du!lioWl) 1. pestle; ulere

nrc smllll ones. like onn; and large ones,in shape of poles, I\S tllick I\S n lUIIU'S

arm, IIlld about 6 feet long, b), meansof which the pounding is effected in anexc!tvation made in l\ rock, t:=,lIed yttlNfll,i; yllm( -Oyi~) fllil/i-b" to I~Jllnd withII pestle J)d.; yllfn.po mortAr (.4.; rtll"·1m, ylun""i,' pe:.tJe (5. - 2. mallet, knocker1Jz{.~':J' rlitb-l'(/, lIIore frq. bU,b-I'II, - (itb

l.(, - flI' 10 be able, iyir ~oH"'Iu /KithPI/1.~_ ..llIlli JOu rellily be able 1(1 rome

208

ytub(s)-pa yton-ba

back? Dzl.;mi btub-pa very frq. not to

be able to prevail upon one's self, to be

unable, also: to be unwilling, to have no

mind (to do a thing).

ytub(s}-pa, btub(s)-pa, Ld.

*stub-ce*,=

Ofub-pa, to cut to

pieces, to cut up, meat, wood etc.;

in W.

also to mince; (in C. btsdb-pd); ytubs-

spydd chopper Sch.

ytim -pa 1. ferocity, rage; also

adj. furious; Kro-zin ytum-la snyin-

r)e-med in furious wrath, merciless Dzl.;

ydug-cin ytun-pai klu a Lu in a deadly

rage Sambh.; ytum-pai sgra sgrog-pa to

roar furiously Pth.; Kro-ytum-pa furious

with rage Glr.; ytum-zih rgod-pa obstinate

and unmanageable ,of a boy ; ytum -

po

Mil., ytum -can, ytum - Iddn cruel, fierce,

furious 6s.; bld-ma fugs-ytum-po ^on the

Lama grows angry Mil. nt.; ytum-mo fern.

a fury of a woman Dzl. 3, 1;Sch. also :

hangman (?); rlun ytum-mo Cs. a furious

wind, a hurricane 2. = btum-pa, Qtum-

pa, to veil, to cover; to wrap up, e.g. the

head; with the instr. to wrap up or cover

with a thing.

ytum~P 1- v - ytum-pa 1. 2.

(hot) in the more developed

mysticism the power which meditating

saints by dint of long continued practice

may acquire of holding back their breath

for a great length of time, by which means

the air is supposed to be drawn from the

ro-ma and rkydn-ma (two veins, v. rtsd-

ba) into the dbu - ma (srog-rtsa, dhu -

ti,

aorta?) thus causing a feeling of uncom-

mon warmth, comfort, and lightness inside,

and finally even emancipating the bodyfrom the laws of gravity, so as to lift it

up and hold it freely suspended in the

air, Mil. frq.; v. also Tar. 186, 20; ytum-

poi bde-drod the feeling of warmth just

mentioned Mil.; ytum-po Jbar the warmth

of meditation commences Mil. The three

above-named veins are symbolically re-

presented by a-shdd, i.e. the second half

of an (J, viz. N, hence a -sad-ytum-po

the three veins' -meditation -warmth, Mil.

3. n. of the goddess Durga or Uma.

ytur-bu Lex. w.e.;

Cs. bag, sack,

wallet.

ytul-ba to grind, to pulverize, co-

lours, medicinal substances etc.;

cf. Ofd(/-pa.

zrorn* yte-pa W. (Ld. *ste-pa*') yte-ba, yte-

ma C., yteh-pa Lexx., pawn, pledge,

bail (Sch. also: a present); cf. ytd-ma;yteu id.? hostage? Tar.

yter (Wv, ^tlT) l - treasure, frq.-

2. symb. num. for 9. yter-mdzoda treasury. yter-Ka a mineral vein, mine,

nor-gyi yter-Ka rnyed-pa to find a mine

of precious metals.

yto Lt., Thgy. a magic ceremony for

the purpose of averting misfortune;

yto-bcos id.

yt69-Pa ^ also btog -pa, Jog -pa,to pluck off

, gather, crop, tear out

(one's hair) Lex. - - 2. v. se-gol.

*ytogs-pa to belong, appertain to;

belonging, rgydl-po'i ydun-la

ytogs-pa yin you belong to the royal blood

or family Dzl.;

del ndn-du mi ytogs-samam I not included in them? Dzl.

; Qdzam-

bui-glin-la ytogs-pa belonging to Dzarn-

buling Glr.;*di le-ka dan ma tog* W. do

not meddle with that! ma-ytogs-pa, gen.

adv. ma ytogs-par except, besides. ytogs-

Odod Sch.: 'to love, to like, to wish; a

good-for-nothing fellow' (?).

cn^pw yton-ba, pf. btan, fut. ytan, imp.

ton (W. *tan-ce*, imp. *ton*} (U^f

1. to let a. to let go, to permit to go, to

dismiss, cii pyir bddg-cag-rnams-kyis ytofi

why should we let you go, suffer you (our

teacher) to go? to let escape (a prisoner)

Dzl.;

to let loose (a dog against a person)

Mil.;to let go, to quit one's hold ma ytoii,

col. *ma tan* don't let him go, stop him!

to leave, abandon, renounce, cos one's re-

ligion; more definitely: bios yton-ba, v.

bio; yons-su yton-ba to abandon altogether

Dzl.;

to leave off, to abstain from, ysod-

par byd- ba yton

- ba to leave off killing

Dzl. b. to let in, to admit, sgo-nas through

208

back? Dzl.; mi btiJ,.pa very fnJ. DOL tobe able to IITe,·1ti1 ul'0n one's selF, to beunable, also: to be unwilling, to haye nomind (to do • thinK).

~(~r.:r r'wb (.) .pa, btwb(.). pa, I~L

I{, ·llwlH:?, _ .fitb-pa, to cut topieees, to cut up, meat, wood cl.c.; in 11'.also to mince; (in C btldb-pa)j rtul.,p!Jdd chopper &It.

.:rn;r.qrtwnl-pa l. ferocity, rage; alsoI{, - adj furious; lro-::i4 rtum-IIII1I!!;ri.

r)t-nud in furious "'roth, mercilC'llS Dzl.;pM!!.';/; j'tlin-/NJi HI/. a Lu in tt deadlyI'nge &mM.; rtu.m-JIfli '!Irfl ~.ptl toronr furiously /'tk; fl'o·rtum-pa furiou!willI l"Qgo Gll'.j ytlim-!:in ry6d-p{~ obstinatermd Itnmnnagen.b1e, of n boy; rllt-Ill. polJIil., rtilm. Can, rt./ln -/dd,. cruel, fierce,furiou! Ca.; Uti-nlft fflY'-rt1im. po .01; theI.nma grows angry Nil. nt.; rlitnl"'/UJ foru.A fury of l\ womlUl Dzl. ~, JO; Sdt.. tU80:hl\D~mnn (1); rlrll' rlvm-'HII) (.I. II. furiouswind, n hurricane - 2. = btitm"/NJ, .timrpa, to veil, to cover; to wrap up, e.g. theh~; witb the iDstr. to wrop up or CO\""

with • thing.

~?f j'twm-ptJ l. ,'. ytwm-pu 1. - '1.I{, . ~ (hot) in tbe more developed

m)'sticisw the power wbich meditatingsaints by dint of long continued proeUcemfty tteqoire of bolding back their brenthfor a great length of time, by which mellnsthe air is supposed to be am,,"n frow thero-mCi and rk!Jdli.ma (two veins, v. 1t1d00) into the dbV·ma (vdy-I'tw, flJi ... I',aorta?) thus cnusing " feeling oC uncom·mon wllrmtb, comCort., and lightness inside,nnd finl\l.ly even emallcipatillg the bodyfronl the laws of gravity, so as to lift itop and hold it freely suspended in tbeair, Mil. frq.j v, also Tal'. 18G, 20; rtrillllJOi lNk-drdtl the fOOing of warmth justmentioned Nii.; ytrilll.po oba,. the wa.rmthof meditation commences -'Iii. The threellbove-named vcim are symbol~eally represented by a-fAad, i.e. the second b.lfof an ~, viz. "', hence a-JlJ'~}'Uutl-P'

the three \,cins'· meditAtion- wannth, .lJii.- 3. n. of the goddess Durga or lima.~'.:::r rtilT-1N. J-JU. w.e.j U. bag, saet,

I{, .... wallet.:rrr..r.:::r ytilJ.-lJa to grind, to pulverize, 00

..., loon, medicinll.1 substances etc.;cr. •fdi.rpa."l5'''l" ytJ-pa IV, CW. ''';'pa') "/:-bo, yU-

ma C., rtbt-pu I.u~., pawn, pkdge,bail (&1. abo: II. I'restnt); cf. ytd-majj'tft4 id.? hostage? Tar.~' r16 (f""I!fl:f, 'Ii'nr) l. treasure, frq. -

2. symb. num.. for 9. - rtel"-md:6da treasul'J. - }'tir-fa a mineral vein, mine,n'i"-g!Ji rlifr-fCi l'llgal..pa to find a mineof precious metuls.

~rto Lt., TIIfJ!J. u. magic ceremony forthe purpose of averting misfortunc;

rto-!JMs id.~':.j' rtOg-pa 1. also btOfj ..pa, Jdy-pa,

10 pluck off, gather, crop, tear out(one's bair) J..u. - 2. v. 1e-[IIJi..~'f.:r }'tJig.-JICIlo belong, appertaift to;

belonging, rtJ!Jdl. poi jdilli - inrtdfp-pa !!i" you belong to the royaJ bloodor family D.:Lj d6 ,"ili-d. mi rlOgf-l(JIA.am I not included in them? D;/'.; .tbJMbrti-glili-la riOgs-pa belonging to Dt3Jllboling GlT.; -.Ii li-J:a tiM 1'1«1 trJff Iv. donot meddle with that! ..a-}'~pa, gen.MV. lHa rt~r except, besides. -}'WJ3-"tW &4.; 'to love, to like, to wish; ngood-for-nothing fellow'(?).

~'.::r ytoli-JJa, pf. blllM, fut. rtali, imp.to'; (lY. "Ia~.;t'. imp. ·tolij~

J.lo let a. 10 let go, to llermit to go, 10dismiss, tii l'1yir bdd[J-«I!J-l"IIaml-k!J~ rto~

why should we let you go, !luffer you (ourteacher) to go? to let escape (a prisoner)Dzl.; 10 let loose (ll. dog agttinst" person).Itil.; to lei go, to quit one's Iiold 111(£ rto,i,col. "ma w'n- don't let him go, stop him!10 leave, abandon, renounce, eo. one's roliKion; more dcfinitely: UCA )'tOli - bu, v.bio; yOH&-lll~ )'fO/i-lx~ to abandon altogetllerJ):;l.; to le~we off, to II.blOtain from, pOd.paT b!Jd - ba J'iIHc - 1M to lelwe Qff killingill, b. 10 let in, to admit, ~1t(" through

too

ytod y /,-//,/

the door Dzl., ndii-du ytdn-ba to permit

to enter. - - 2. to let go, i.e. to make go,

to send, ml a man, a messenger, very frq.;' iii-lnt

i-<jlHi kitn-tu btdn-nas he made

him go all over the country of DzambulingI):/. ; skfu'l-du yton-ba to dispatch for con-

veying (a message); len-du ytdn-ba to

send (a person) for (a thing); Ofsol-ba

btdn-ba-lcu he sent out searchers (peoplein search) Dzl. 3, 18., unless this passageshould be read Ofsol-bar. 3. to let have,

to give, so in W. almost exclusively; sman

yfot'i-ba to give medicine, ytdn- fsul the

way of giving medicine, for 'a dose' Med.;

yton-pod-can liberal, bounteous Mil.; ytdn-

sems-ldan id. S.g. ; yton-sems liberality,

bounty;*ton zer* he says, give me! he

wants to have, he tries to get W.;

cos-la

ytoii-ba to give a person up to religion,

i.e. to destine him for the priesthood, to

make him take orders. - - 4. to make, to

cause, e.g. a smoke by lighting a fire Glr.;

with the termin. to turn into, bye-fan neu-

fan - du sandy plains into meadows Glr.;

rims(-nad} yton-ba to cause, to send down,

epidemies, plagues (of gods) ;to construct,

fix, place, chains before a building Glr.]

in W. *(s)kad tdn-ce* to utter sounds, *ku-

co, bo-ra tdn-ce* to raise, to set up a cry;

*kug* or *kum tdn-ce* to make crooked,to bend; in forming intensive verbs: *gocad tdn-ce* to decapitate; *tdn ton, pinston* take out! throw out! *fsa ton* putsalt into it! *cu tdn-ce* to water (the

garden); *lud tdn-ce* to manure (the fields).

The participle*tans-pa* is used adverbially

in Ld.; *i'-n? tdns-pa a tsug-pa* from here

to there, from this place to that place

( bzuns-te).

cnr' ytod? ytod-la mndn-pa, of the sun

l*th., of the galaxy Mil., evidently

denotes the disappearing of these celestial

bodies by enchantment or only as a poetical

figure; perh.=

ydos, or to be explained

by ytod-pa II.

-

ytod-pa I. also ytdd-pa, pf. btad,

ytad, fut. ytad, imp. btod (Mil.',

Cs. fodT) 1. to deliver up, Idg-tu into the

hand, to hand over Glr., to hand to a

person the subject for a theme or problemGlr., to commit the management of the

household to another Dzl., to commit achild to a teacher Dzl., dye- dun-ln <lhu,\

to confer important offices on the priest-hood Glr., rig-pa to teach

; ycig tnyin ytig-la ytad-pa to communicate one's feelingsto one another Glr. - - 2. to lean against

or upon c. dat., e.g. to rest one's head on

one's arm; to lay or put against, to, or

on, one's mouth to a person's ear Thgr.,the tip of the tongue against the palateGram. 3. to direct, to turn, mi-la myo-60, one's face towards a person Lt., mi-la

mdzub - mo, or sdig- mdzitb to point at a

person (with the finger) Glr.; sgo nub-

pyogs bdl-poi yul-du ytod Glr., the door

points south, towards Nepal; Obern-la to

take aim, to aim at Lea:.; rnd-bai dbd/i-

po ytod-pa to listen to, to give a persona hearing Mil.; sems, resp. fugs, yt6d-paMil. id.; ^od-zer-la ytdd-nas yzigs-pas

turning after a ray of light, following it

with the eye (= brten-nas") Glr.; also used

absolutely : dkar-Kuii ytod-pa the projecting

windows S.g. (?)- - Ka ytod-pa Glr. !

II. inst. of rt6d-pa, to fasten (cows etc.)

to a stake (driven into the ground), to

tedder.

ytom-pa to talk, to speak Sch., cf.

ytam(?)..

ytdnis-pa filled up, full, for bltdms-

pa, ytdms-pa, Sc/i.

ytdr-ba (I.c.w. '^ra) vf. Ot<'"'-ba,

1. to strew, to scatter ccirdp .,

tog -pis ytor-ro Dzl. they strewed flow

also ytor-to Dzl.; nd-la sas ytor-ba they

that threw earth upon me Dzl.; sd-la ytor-

ba to scatter over the ground Glr. "2. to

cast, to throw, ( car., books into the water

Glr., a ring into the air Glr.; to thmw

out, e.g. spittle into a person's ear, for

healing purposes (= Od6r-ba) ; to cause to

circulate the chyle through every part of

the body Med.; to waste, to dissipate />:/..

occasionally with the accus. of the vessel

containing the substance thrown out : nv-

14

the door D:l., ndn-lilt ruhi - 1m to l)(lrmitLa enter. - 2. to let go, i.l'. to make go,to send, /IIi" rollO, II lDe_~s('nger, \'ery frq.;"d:wn_{mi-yliil .l-Ull- tit btd/i- na~ he milliehim go :,ll o,'cr the country of DZlImbulingD:l.; '~'!JI1-tllt rt01i-ba to dispntch for con\'eying (II message); Un - tilt )'IOil- bf' tosend (a person) for (a thing); .,{sQ[- babtaJ;-lm-ia. he sent out searchers (peopleill sel\rch) D:.l. -\-" 18., unless this pnssllA'cshould he rend .,{Mll-ba,·. - 3. to let have,to give, so in W. almost exclusively; s1llan

rtr),i - ba to give medicine, ridil - {.nl theWilY of giving medicine, for 'a dose' Mcr/.;rtIJJi-j)()(i-i:aft liberal, bounteous Mil.; rtdilIJeIJlS -/rum id. S.y.; rtd,i -ltmtJ libernlity,bounty; "tdH :.cr" he says, givo me! lIewants to hllve, he tries to get W:; ltM-IartM-ba to give a peNon up to religion,i.e. to destine him for the priesthood, tomnko him take orders. - 4. to make, tocause, e.g. n smoke by lighting II fire Glr.;with the termin. 10 tum inlo, blfl-{ati 1/iu(aJi - dlt sllndy piflins into meadows Gil'.;,.im~(-nad) rtl/li.!Ju to cause, to send down,epidemics, Jllngues (of gods); 10 construct,fix, place, chnins beforc a building Glr.;in w: ,,(.).l·ad tali·a! to utter sounds, ".hi1:0, b9-ra ta,i·&- to raise, to set up a cry;"hl[/ or "A.-uill wit-i:e' to make Clooked,to bend; in forming intensive verbs: 'yoi:dd tali. ci" to decn!,ilnte; 'tdn ton, pinsto,i' tnke out! throw out! '{aa to,i' p"tsnit into it! • CIt tdJi - ce' to wuter (the~nrden); 'illd tfi.li-ce' to lIl!Ulure (the fields).The IlUrtieiple 'tmil-pa' is used adverbiallyin Ld.; ·~-lIf taJia-jla ci IJIll!}"-pa" from hereto there, from this pillce to that place(- b::U';I-M).~. fWd' rtdd-la Jlman-pa, of the sun

\ PtA., of the galaxy Mil., evideutlydenotes the disnppellring of tlles<: celestialbodies by enchantment or only l\S a poetiCAlfigure; I,erh. - rt{O&, or to be explninedby rtdd-p/I II.,,~..::r' )·tM-pa I. also rt.dtl-p«, pf. bt~t{,

rtad, fut. rtlld, Imp. btod (.1111.;u. loon 1. 10 deliver up, leJi~~ i~te $be

hllnd, to hana over Glr., to han,1 to II

person the subjed for II theme or problemGlr., to commit the managemcnt of thehousehold to lUlother D:l., to commit II

child to n tellCher D:l., dtJt-,dim-Ia lthaiito oonfer important offiCC!l on the priOiit-hood Gir., riy-pa to teacb; rCiI.J .tI!!'·'; rHyifl rtdd-pa to communicate one's fcelingito one another GIl'. - 2. to lean againstor upon c. dat.. e.g. to rest onc'l heAd onone's arm; to lay or lJUt ngainst, to, orall, one's mouth to a poTIOn's ear 7'J1lF.,tlle tip of the tongue Ilgainlt the palateGram. - 3. to direct, to tum, mi-," "',,000, one's fnce towards a person I.t., mi_la'/lm::lib - mo, or adi!! -1lldzilb to point at II

person (with the finger) GI,..; "JO J1IIb

hdy. bdl-poi yuldu rwd Glr., the doorpoints south, towards NepM; .bin,-I.t totllke aim, to aim at Lu.; l'1ld-bai dbaJipo rtOd.pa to listen to, to gh'e a persona hearing Mil.; 1t'I'I~, resp. {ugt, rttkl.paMil. id.; ~OO-z~r-la rtad-na. Fig'-pa'turning lifter 11 rn.y of light, following itwith the eye (_ brthl-fla') Glr.; also uscdabsolutely: dJ:ar-1!tI/i rWd-pl' the projectingwindows S.y.(?) - fa rtM-jllt Glr.t

11. inst. of rtOd-pa, to lasten (COWi etc..)to a stnke (driven into thc ground), totedder.~..::r' rlOm.pa to talk, to speak Sell., er.

r tam (?).~~:r rtdrnt-pa filled up. full, for bltd",,·

pa, rtdn~-pa, &/1.~ ..q' rro,'ba, (LuJ:.~) cf. .,to'··&I,~rt' l. to strew, to scatter ccircll" II.etoy-gl" rAA·-rtJ Dzl. they strewed 1l0wcN,also rtdr-to Dzl.; lia-fa ,Q..\: rtdr.ba tlleythnt threw Cltrth upon me D:.I.; ",-Ill. rtd,.ba to scatter O\'er the ground Gir. - 2. tocasl, to throw, ceIU., books into the waterGIl'. , l\ ring into the air Glr.; to thro'll'{lut, e.g. spiltle into II person's ear, forhealiog purposes (- ,cldr-ba); to cause tocireulate the cbyle tllrougll e\'ery IIIIR ofthe body J1(ttl.; 10 waste, 10 dissipate Dzl.,occasionally with the accus. of ttlC \·essclm.ntain~g tbp iubsl.Ilnoo thrown out: ,.!i...

210

ytor-ma 'q- btod-pa

ma ytor-ba Glr. (a cow) emptying its udder

by discharging the milk. 3. Sch. : 'srub

ytor-ba to rend, to tear to pieces'.

znSx ! ytor-ma strewing-oblation, an offering

brought to malignant demons, either

as a kind of exorcism or as an appeasing

gift, in order to prevent their evil in-

fluences upon man; mcod-pa dan ytor-ma

sbyin-pa to offer such an oblation, ytor-

mar sno-ba to devote something for it. The

ceremonies are similar to those used in

sbyin-sreg Schl. Buddh. 249; the offerings

consisting of things eatable and not eatable,

of blood, and even of animal and vege-

table feces, scattered into the air (the

benefit being shared by the dri-za q.v ).

There are various sorts of Torma-offerings,

according to the nature of the substances

offered (cu- or cab-ytor, pye-ytw, Ihag-yt&r,

an oblation of the fragments of a meal

Mil.}, or according to the time at which

(dgu-ytor \. dgu), and the purpose for which

they are offered (mfsun - ytw v. mfsun).

Other names of Torma-offerings are: blud-

rgyd, mar - me -rgyd, tin- lo(?)-rgyd, ca-

ysum etc. Tormas in general belong to

the ceremonies most frequently performed;

ytoi'-cd are the vessels and other imple-

ments used for that purpose; ytor-sdeb

Sch.: '& bowl for these offerings' (?).-

ytor-zdn Lex. ^f% oblation of the remnants

of the daily meal to creatures of every

description.

jTirQi- ytol, only in ytol-med, ca-med, not

' 'known, dubious, po-^am mo-^am ytol-

med-do one does not know yet, whether

it will be a boy or a girl Dzl.\ ci byd-bai

ytol med not knowing what to do Dzl.;

gar fdl-bai ytol med not knowing where

she had gone to; bddg-la ytol med I do

not know any thing about it Dzl. (Sch.

has a verb ytol-ba to perforate, pierce;

to discover, disclose; v. rtol-bd).

ytos size, width, quantity, ri-boi ytos

tsam as high as a mountain Lea;.',

rim-gro ytos-ce-ba, like rgya-ce-ba^ great

marks of honour, extraordinary homage.

'q* btdg-pa v. Ofdg-pa.

btdgs-pa v. Odogs-pa^ and Ka-

btdgs.*

btdn-ba v. ytoh-ba.

'C|* btdd-pa v. ytod-pa.

'CJ' btdb-pa v. Odebs-pa.

T- btaii-snyoms (cf. snyoms}

complete indifference, perfect

apathy (ace. to Schr. prop, 'a liberality per-

fectly impartial'?).* btan-bzun Lex.

^f^ff^f.^n.of a

hill where Buddha was teaching.

qccn'T btig-pa, pf. btigs, Cs. to drop, to

let fall in drops ,rnd - bar sman,

medicine into the ear, v. Ofig-pa.

'^T btin-ba v. din-ba.

CJ* btu-ba v. Ofu-ba.

NO

btuh-ba v. fun-ba.

'^J* btug-pa v. ytug-pa.

'^l* btud-pa v. Odud-pa.

' bfud-mar Glr. in rapid or close. > > , ,., .,

-, succession, tii -tu -pa-la G. id.

btub, Lex. = run, fit, convenient, prac-

ticable, becoming, btub-bo it is con-

venient etc.; btub-pa v. ytub-pa.

j-j...... btum-pa, ytum-pa, I. to wrap round,

to envelop; hence 2. in W. to shut,

a book, valuable books being wrapped upin a cloth before being laid by; btum-pog

bunch or knot, produced by money and

the like being tied up in the girdle.

*

btul-ba v. Odul-ba, ytul-ba.

'

bteg-pa v. Qdegs-pa.

btod-pa l. = rtod-pa, to fasten

(grazing horses or cattle) by a

rope to a stake, to tedder; Mil. declares

relations to be the btod-fdg (the tedder)

in the hands of the devil. - - 2. to erect,

raise up, produce, cause, occasion; srol-btod-

and Ila-

210~.~. rt6J'-ma

11Ia rtfrr.lJa Gil'. (u cow) emlJtying its udderby discharging tl\l~ milk. - 3. Sch.: '~rub

rMr-!xJ, to rend, to tCll.r to pieces'.

~.~.rMr-ma strewing-oblation, an offeringbrought tomalignantdemons, either

as a kind of exorcism or as an appeasinggift, in order to prevent tlleir evil influences upon man; mcdJ..pa dUli yM,.-nmib!Jin-pa to offer such nn oblation, rM,.mar Mid-ba to dcvote something for it. Theceremonies are ~imilar to Ihose used in~b!J1:n-sdg ScM. lludd/l. 249; the offeringsconsisting of things eatable and not eatable,of blood, and cI'eu of animal llnd vegetable feces, scattered into the air (thebenefit being shared by the dri-::a q.v).There are various sorts of Torma-offerings,according to the nalure of the substancesoffered (Cu.- or eab-ytcr,pyc-rw/'; lIwfJ-rwr,an oblation of the fragments of a mealMil.), or according to the time at which(dgu-rM/' T. dgu), and the purpose for whichtbey are offered (m6un - rim' v. ·mfsun).O!.her names of Torma-offerings are: blud'Y.Vd, ma,.-me-'Y!Ja. tiil-lo(?)-rgyd, cay*um etc. Tormas in general belong tothe ceremonies most frequentJ.y performed;ytm'- itd are thc vessels and other impleltlent!; used for that purpose; rto/' - w.eb&11.: 'a bowl for tbese offerings'(?). ruw-::dn Lex. 1ff~ oblation of !.he remnantsof tbe daily meal to creatures of everydescription.

::na.~. rtol, only in rwl-mM, - ca-mM, not-1/ known, dubiolls, po-~am m6-~am rtol-

'mhl-do one does not know yet, whetherit will be a ·boy or a girl D::l,; ci byd.bai)'iol mid not knowing what to do D::l.;yar 'fdl-baf ytol metllJot knowing whCl'eshe had gone to; lxMy-lu rtol wiU I donot know any thing about it D::l. - (Se!l.has a verb rtOl- ba to !,crfornte, pierce;to discover, disclose; Y. rt6l-ba).

~. rilJ8 size, widUr, quantity, ri-boi rilJ8t3am as high as a mount.ain La,;

r"imi/ro rtQS.tti-ba, like ryya- U-ba,·greatmark,. of honour, extraordinJEY ~ lUSC:

-=lJ:l'r~r btdy-pa v. "fdg-pa.

.qT'r~~r btags.pa v. "dQg1-pa,btdgs.

tlic:.·.q· btd,l-ba Y. rtd,;-OO.

.::J)~'.q' btdd-pa v. yt6d-pa.

.::r-jtl·~r btrlb-pa v. otMhs-pa.

.q::;c:.'&'~~ btali-snydn" (ef. ~nyollU) m") 1)' complete indifference, perfect

apatlly (nee. to ScIII', prop. 'n libernlity perfectly impartilll'?).,qc::c:.',q="" btwi-bdui I.u.~M~ 11. ofa

, G"" hill whereDuddhn.was teaching.:f,z:n..:.j' btfg-pa, pf. bligs, Cs. to drop, to

, -I let fall in drops, rna - ba/' smun,medicine into the car, v. i'g-pa,

=:l;t'=f blili-ba v. "ditl-ba.

!::Ii',q' btl;-ba v. pI-bu.~

.::f)c:.·.::r bt,i,j-!'a Y. i,in-ba.~

tlrrr..::r btllg-pa v. rtug-plt.~

.::r,:;;=r btud-pa v. "dUd-pa.

.:::r-;~.~" btitd-1llal' GIl'. in rapid or close~ I succession, -tit-t(/-pa-llt- C. id,

.:r~' blub, La. - nlll, fit, convenient, praco

" ticable, becoming, btMJ--bo it is con·venient etc.; bllib-pa v. riUb-pa..q::;;r.:.j' bllim-pa, rhim-pa, l. to wrap round,

<; to enveloPi" hente 2, in w: to shut,a book, vnIual/le books beiug wrapped UI'in a cloth before being laid by; billf/j-l~dg

bunch or knot, produced by money andthe like being tied up in the girdle,

.qr,.r.:::r btlil-bu ". "dul-bu, rtitlow.~

.::ry9'~r bUg-pa v. "dlrJs-pa.

~..q' bldd - pa 1. = rtdd - pa, 10 fasten(grazing hon;es or cMl1e) by a

rope to II ~tl\ke, 10 ledder; Mil. JeClurelirelations to be the btod-fug (the tedder)in the hands of thc devil. - 2. 10 erect,raise ue. P.rodttte, eausc, occasion; uot-MM-

211

pa (1. 1. 1. \v.e.) may accordingly imply: to

introduce a custom.

J' bton-pa \. Odon-pa.

a- /V</(rt<i-i><> 6'., .AM), resp. ci&s, 1. horse,

'

po-rta a gelding, mo-rta, or rta-rgdd-

ma, a mare; /7 Qdi'il-ba to break in, train,

a horse; rta rgyug-pa to gallop; to run

horses for a wager, to race (r^-.;

*sto sm/-

('

'

/,*/. id.? 2. the lower front part of

a pair of breeches, d&r-rta, a/i-rta.

Comp. rta-rkyd(-pa), or -skyd(-pa) one

skilled in horsemanship. rta -bskrdf/s

(* stab -rags* La.) a clattering train of

horsemen. rta-gdl Ts. pouch or bag of

a horseman, saddle-bag.-- rta -

grds =rta-rd. --

rta-bgdd a horse-laugh, rta-

bgdd-kyis Odebs-pa to set up a horse-laughSch. rta-mgo a horse's head; rta-mgo-ma v. go-foem. rta-mgrin (^ifflY?) n -

of a demon (Schl. 110), a terrifying deity.-

rtd-sga, W. *te-ga*, saddle. rta-sgdma large box or chest. rtd -

sgo v. sgo,-

rta-sgyel, gen. connected with mi-bsdd,

the slaughtering of men and killing of

horses. rta-ndn Tibetan horses, small,

strong, unshod, v. Hook. II, 131, and so al-

ready in Marco Polo's travels. rta-rna

horse-tail, *te nd-ma yod* W. it is (made)of horse -hair. --

rta-lcdg horse -whip;

whip in general.- - rta -

cdg dry fodder

or provender given to horses, corn, oats.

rta-mcog the best horse, a splendid

horse, state-horse; gen. a fabulous horse,

a sort of Pegasus, thus e.g. Glr. chp. 6,

where it partakes of divine properties (rtai

/(/i/<il-po can-ses bd-la-ha\ ace. to Schl.

p. 253 rlun-rta is the same). rta-mcdg-Ka- bab = yyas-ru-ytsdn-po mnd-ris-cu

n. of the principal river of Tibet. rta-

Ijait he with the green horses, the sun,

po. Glr. -- rta-rnd horse-ear, n. of one

of the seven gold-mountains, surroundingthe Rirab. rtd-pa horseman, rider, *td-

pa ta-zdn* Ld. a balancing-board, see-saw:

rf(i-pai dpuii horse, cavalry ( Is. rta-lpdgs

a horse's skin; n. of a medicinal herb Med.- rta-bdbs \ . a large stone or rained place

for alighting from a horee(?) C. '.'. the

superstructure of a large door or gate,

the arch of a gate-way, I^ex. twa-ra-na,

g-TTfUT ? rta-dl>ydti Sl^l^q n. of a great

scholar T/I;/I/.- rta - btl a horse's front-

hair Cs. -- rta-sbd/ix horse-dung. /' -/-

rmig a horse's hoof; n. of a plant Ml.

rta-rmig-ma a lump of silver bullion like

a horse's hoof 6*. - //<-//,-/ ..n.- thai

tends horses; a groom Glr. -- rta-.

good horse. rta-zdin I . post-station, rfn-

zdm-gyi fsugs-pa a post-house; rta-:<im

gyi spyi-dpon postmaster-general ( '*. '2. in

Ld. also for rta-zam-jni.-

r(a-:ii//i-jitt

postillion, courier, express, estafet. An estafet

rides day and night, mounting fresh horses

at certain stations, and making the wayfrom L6 to Lhasa (for ordinary travellers

a journey of 4 months) in 18 days.-

rta(i) -jii- lag a compulsory service con-

sisting in the supply of horses. rta

rta-grds inclosure, stable, for horses. -

rta-sd I. horse- llesh. 2. the oblique ab-

dominal muscles of the hips. rta -*<i<l

curry-comb Sch. --rta-ysdr a horse not

yet broken in or dressed Schr. rta-bttb

stallion. - - With regard to the colour of

horses (spu-Ka), the following distinctions

are made: rta-dkdr a gray or white horse;

rta-rkyan-ndg, or Kam-ndg Sch. a dark-

brown horse; rta kditi-pa Ld. a yellowish-

brown horse (<ScA. a dark- brown horse);

rta - Kam - dmdr Sch. a light-bay horse, a

sorrel horse ;rta Krd -bo & piebald or a

dappled horse Ld.- Glr. , M<1. fol. L>(>, a;

rta-gr6 Sch. a gray horse, rta gro-dkdr a

light-gray horse, rta gro-snon Sch. a dapple-

gray horse, rta gro-dmdr a roan horse, a

roan;rta rgya-bo Sch. a chestnut-bay horse

(a bayard, a brown horse) with white

breast and muzzle; rta iidn-pa an Isabel

Ld.-Glr.; rta rnoy- dkdr a bright bay

horse; rta-st'u>-/>rii. rta-sno-tig-can Sch. a

dapple-gray horse: rla-sno-nag Sch. a dark-

gray horse; rta-fiy-kra Sch . a spotted horse :

rta nag a black horse; rta-brau = rgya-

14*

'j l' rill

~ll

I'll, (Du. w.e.) may accordingly imply: t.ointroduce :l custom.

~'.q' bltm-]JIl v. •ddn-jXl.

:1J~··::r btdl-ba &11, - J'ldl-ba.

e' I'lll (I'M-po C" Mil.), rC~f" cibt, I. horse,I po-rtu ll. gelding, 111&-1'/1" or I'/a-rgdd_ma, II marc; rta llM--ba to break in, tmin," horse; ria ''f/!J''!J - 1'a to gnllop; 10 runhorses for" \\"tlger, to mec Glr.; 'ala 31't11teO ul. ill.? - 2. the lower front pnrt of:l Imi.. of breeches, ddl·.ria, ali-rta.

Compo /·ta-rlyJ(-pa), or -3k,lJd(-pa) ODe

llkillcd ill honemunshi!l, - rta - Wrdfl'C-8Iah-l·ag'· Ld.) l\ clattering lrnin ofhorsemen. - rla-gul Ta. pouch or bag ofII. horsemaD, snddlc-lmg. - rta_[lri:U_ria - "d. - rIa - b[;dd fL hOl'se-laugh, I'labrJdd-Jryia .dCIM-pa to set up n hone-laugh&1,. - ria-mgd II. horse's hC/ld; ,'ta-1lJgOrna v. !jO-uem. - l'ta-7IIyrln CtClV'lCfj) n.of:'l demon (ScM. 110), 1\ terrifl'ing deity.- rtd.o&ga, lV. 'ti~ga', saddle. - rla~3fJam

a large box or chest. - rtd ~ 'go v. 3fJ0.- rta'3fJ!jCl, gen. connected with mi-btdd,tbe slaughtering of men aad killing ofhorses. - rta_nan Tibetnn horses, smaU,strong, nnshod, v. J100/;. H, 131, and so already in i.lfa,·ro Polo', trtl\'els. - rt'N'liahorse·tail, -It lia..-ma yod" IV. it is (made)of horse ~ hair. - rta - leaf) horse· whip;wbip ill genernL - l"ta _ldg dry fodderor pro\'ender given to horses, corn, oats.- rta ~ mCdg the best horse, a splendidhorse, stnte-horse; gen. a fabulous horse,fI. sort of Pegn.;us, thus e.g. GI,.. chp. G,where it parlakes of divine Ilrollerties (rlairg!jol-p<J can-sis ba -Ia. !Ill; acc. to ScM.p. 251'1 rbi,i-rtt~ is the same). - rta,'mCdg.lEa'/){Ih - f!J(l8'ru-rts,ln~po - tlI,ia-l'If_ Cun. of the J'rincipul river of Tibet. - rtaljalli he with the green horses, the sun,!lO. Gil". - t'lll-m,1 home-ear, n. of oneof tl,e seven go]I].mountains, surroundingthe Riolb. - J'lti-p(~ horscmRu, rider, 'tdpa ta-:Qn' IA. a unl;lnciDg-bollrd, see·saw;rta~pai dpt4li horse, cavalryJ;!. --1·kf..:/J1i~

a. horse'll IIkiu; n. of Il Intl'licinal berb ,\ltd.- rta-bJ.bI I. a large stone or rAi~w placefor alighting from a hom(?) w. ·l. the8Upcutructure of II. lllrge door or gate,the arch of a gate-WilY, f-u. ttea-ra-".,~? - rtcw/b!Jatt. 1l1lt4'1111 n. of" greatscholar TJ>g!j. - rIa - bil a ho~'1 frolll-hair Ca. - rta-lIxitb horse-dung. - rta"mig l\ horse's hoof; n. of a I,lan~ Mttl. rta-"lIliy--ma a lump of sih'er bullion like;\ horse's hoof C•. - ria ~ rli:; one thattends horses; a groom Glr. - rta-Mn "good bol"SC. - rta_:dlll I. post·statlon, rt«~

zarn"t/!J; f,u!l'-pa a. !lOSt-hou"C; rla-:,illf911; 8pyi--dpon postmaster-general Ci. 2. inul. also for rtll-zam_pa. - rta.:,im.pllposUliion, courier, expN!SS, eslafel An eslafeLrides day and night., mounting fresh hONeSat cert.'\in statioDJI, aml mnkiDg tile wayfrom U to LlJasa (for ordiDary tra\'ellena. journey of 4- monlhs) in 18 days. rta(i) -~u -lag II compulsory scnice consisting in the supply of horses. - ria-rd,rIa - grth inclosure, stable, for ho~. rta~iti I. horse-llesh. 2. the oblique ~b·

domina! muscles of the llips. - ria -Jadcurry·comb SeA. - rta-r.lir a horse nol),et broken in or dressed SeAr. - rla-WiJslallion. - With regard to the colour ofhorses (.pu~N"a), the follQwing distitlctiotlsare made: ,1a-dka" a. gray or white horse;I'ta-l'k!JIl>i~mi!J, or A'llm-nlj!J &11. " dllrk~

brown horse; ,·ta Jlalll.pll Ld. a yeUo...ish~brown horse (&A. II. dRrk- brOwn hol'lle);rta _Jiaul. dll/a,. &il. a light·ba.), hor-e, asorrel hor6C; ria A'l'a - bo 11 piebAld or II

dnpl'led horse IAI. - Gir.• &1.1. fol. 26, A;rta-fJf-d &A. u gmy horse, ,'t.. !f'"I1-IU..",ir "liJ:;ht-gmy borse, ria !,.-o-.",lIt&lI. a dapplegrny llOn;e, rta !fro-<lllllir II roan horse, II.

roan; ria rg!JII.ho &11. II chest.nllt~bn.y I,orse(II bayard, II IJrowll borse) with whi«obreast And mur-zle; rill nd"~P/l lUI i;:;a!Je1IJlI.-GiI'.; ria "";Off~dJ:ar a bright 00)'

horse; rta...Iio-Kra, rt,,,....>fo.fig~(a,. &n. adapple-gfay horse; "I(w~lla!l &11. 11 dark·grllJ hor:;e; I'ta-f,y.KI"i,&A a spotted hOfl;e:Jl~~9 ,I, hIllock 1L0rse; rtll-brllU - "!l!I'1~...

212

rtdg-pa

bo Sch.; rta-mog-ro Glr. a yellowish-brown

horse; rta zag-pa Sch. a horse having grayand white spots; rta ^61-ba Mil., Ld.-Glr.,a black horse

;rta ra - rd Sch. a yellow-

dun horse; rta rag-pa Ld. a tawny horse

(Sch.: 'a white and red spotted horse');

rta rag -rag an ash-gray horse; rta rag-

ser, or rta ser - scr Sch. a yellowish -red

horse;

rta sram - srdm Sch. a gray horse

with a black mane and tail.

'%-?> (1%sO 1 perpetual, constant,

lasting, eternal. 2. perpetuity, duration

to all futurity, a quality which, ace. to

Buddhist views, can be ascribed only to

the vacuum, to absolute emptiness, the

ston-pa -nyid; mi rtdg-pa not durable,

perishable ;de yafi mi -

rtag fsul - du ydathis, too, is subject to the law of perish-ableness Mil. ;

mi rtdg-pai cos the principleof transitoriness; rtdg-par Odzin-pa to look

upon (transitory things, i.e. the world)as lasting, and hence : to be worldly-minded

Glr.'., as partic. one that is earthly-minded,a worldling; nydl-ba-la rtdg-pa steady in

lying, i.e. disposed to lie down, to be con-

tinually at rest, Stg. ; rtag-cad lasting and

transitory, frq.; rtag -par, or more frq.

rtag-tu, always, i.e. 1. continually, 2. at

each time (Dzl. %&, 5) ; rtag -tu-ba per-

petuity, eternity 6s. rtdg-po, Ld. *stdgs-

po*, lasting , durable, reliable, rtag- brtan

id. C. ; rtag- snyom - la C. adv. uniformly,

equally.--

rtag -res QK6r-ba Sch. : a con-

stant change (?).

gcnsr'rtays (cf. rtogs

- pa) \ . resp. pyag-

rtdgs, sign, token, mark, characteristic,

*tag-z^ W., *tags-pa* Ld.. id.; rtags byed-

pa, vulg. *tag rgydb-pa* to make a mark;rdb-tu byun-bai rtags yod-pa (partic.) one

having the outward marks of an ecclesiastic

Glr.] bkra-sis rtags v. bkra-sis; omen,

prognostic,= Has, bu-mo skye-bai rtags a

prognostic of a girl being born Med.; proof

of a thing, c. genii, frq. ; mnon-rtdgs Dzl.

id.; proof, argument, evidence, *ci tags-pa-ne zum* Ld. upon what evidence have theyseized him ? *tdgs

- pa zig gos* you must

prove it, *fdgs-pa-an mi dug* there is no

5C" rtin

trace, no evidence, left. --2. inference,

deduction Was. (320).- - 3. the black, the

centre of a target, W. *tag-la cug-ce* to

take for a mark. 4. sexual organ, organof generation, rtags

- sam bhd-ga as two

synonyms for the same thing Wdn., po-

rtags, mo-rtags frq. 5. gift, present, resp.

pyag -rtags. 6. any mark for denoting

grammatical distinctions, such as termi-

nations etc., ni f.; rtags )ug-pa using such

marks, making grammatical distinctions,

seems to imply about the same thingas our etymology, the etymological part of

grammar. rtags-yig 1. stamp, type(?) 6s.

2. letter of recommendation, credentials W.

*tag-rillf

W., lot, *tag-ril tdn-ce* to cast

or draw lots (a half-religious proceeding)cf. rgyan.

rtab-rtdb-pa, and stab-n*rr

pa, to be in a hurry, to be con-

fused, frightened, in a state of alarm, e.g.

of fowl frightened by some cause (Zam. =bred-pa); rtdb-po adj.; stab-stdb-por son-nas

having become quite startled and con-

founded Pth." rtab-rtob sbst.,rtab-rtob-tu

nan - du pyin- te she ran into the house

in haste (full of joy) Mil.] rtab-rtdb-la ra

mi Odren I cannot help you with such speedMil. nt. It is also spelled brtabs-pa.

*

rtds-pa v. brtd-ba.

rtig-gi Ts. for rteu, foal, COlt.

grw rtin (in more recent literature and col.)

what is behind or after, with regard

to space, and more particularly to time,

rtin-du, rtin-la, rtin-na adv. afterwards,

rtin-du bcos-so they were made afterwards,

were added later Glr.; postp. c. genit., or

less corr. c. accus.,

after; byon rtifi - la

after their appearance Pth., byun-rtin after

he has come Mil.; de-rtiii-la after that

Glr.; *tin-ne ddn-ce* W. to follow, to come

after or later; rtin-ma adj. and sbst. the

last Tar. ; ytam-gyi rtin-ma yin this is mylast, my farewell-speech Glr.] without ma:

*dus tin zig-na* W. some day hereafter,

some future day; *Un-ma zag, tin-ma nyi-

212'j

~. rti,i

1~·tr rtus-pa \'. brtd-ba,

~~~ rtlg-gi n, for l'th!, foal, coIL

~. rti,j (in more recentlitcrnturc and col.).,... what is behind or after, with regardto space, and more Ilarticularly to time,l'ti,i-du, ,'ti,i-fa, rti,j - no adv, afterwards,rti}j-dlt bMs-8o the}' were made afterwards,were added later Gfr.; IloStp. c. genit., orless corr, c. nceus., aftet,; b!JOn I'd,; - lanfwr their appearance 1'tk, byu,j,rti,. afterhe has COlDe Mil.; de - dbj -la after thatGlr.; 't[,i-nf ~'dJi-te' IV. to follow, to comeafter or later; /'ti';-ma adj. and shst. thelast Tar.; rtdm-g!Ji I'th,-/,ut ,'lin thiils mylast, my fnrewell-sllCcch Oft.; without ilia:-dIU tf,; zig-nu- lV. some ,lay hereafter,$Orne future dRy; 'tiJj-1na ~n.g, tilj-1>la 7l!Ji-" ,

bo &11.; ,,'ta-nuJfJ-ro Glr. Q. yellowisll-brown trace, no evidence, left. - 2. inference,horse; ria ::a!l-pa &lh a borse having groy deduction lVtl8. (320). - 3. tile black, thennd white spots; 1'/a #Ol·l.m Nil., J.d.-Glr., centre of a t\l.l'get, lV. ·tJg-w cug-cet' ton black horse; rta m -1'(1 &11. a yellow~ take for n mark. - 4. sexual organ, org:.mdun horse; ria rrig-pa l.A. atawnJ horse of generation, Tlags-sam blld-ga as two(&n.: 'a white and Ted spotted IlOrse'); synonyms 'for the same thing Wdll., 1'Jd..ria rag-rag an ush-gray horse; t'la mg-' rtags, 1/lQ-J'tMj3 frq. - 5. gift, present. rusJI.ser, or rtu 3f1' - ~r Se"- 1\ yellowish· red J'1Jd9 - rtdys. - 6. any mark for deDOtiogllorsej rta sl'am - sram Sell. 3 gray horse grammatical distinctions, such as tel'loiwith a black mane and tail. nntiODs etc., oi f.; nags Jliy-pa using such~=tf=r rtdg-pa (finq) 1. perpetual, constant, marks, making grammaticlll .distinctions,} lasting, eternal. 2. perpetuity, duration secms to imply ahout the ~l\me thingto aU futurity, l\ quality wbich, n.«;. to ItS our etymology, the etymologiculpllrt oflluddhist views, call bc nsccibed only to grammllr.-1'/(j[js-!Jf[j I, stamp, type(?) (.8.the nlcuum, to nbsolute emptiness, the 2. letter of recommendation, credentials IV.stmi - pa - 71ykI; 1/Ii rtJ.g - pa not (lurahle, - -tag-til- lV., lot, -tu!I-l'fl tJ.,i-i:e~ to castI,crishablc; de !J(.I./; mi -,·tag fsuI- du rda or draw lots (u. half-religious proceeding)this, too, is suhject to the law of perish- cf. I'!l!JOll.

tlblenes~ M~l,; 'Illi "t~9·poi roe ~e principle ~::t.~, l'tdb-pa, also ,"tab-ddb-pa, nnd stabof tl'nnSltorlOess; rtay-por odzm-pa to look 1 pa, to be in a hurry, to be con,upon (trt\Ositor)' things, i.e. the worl(l) fused, trightened, in l\ state of alnno, e.g.I'S lasting, and henee: to be worldl)'-minded of fowl frightened br some eause (Zorn. '""Gll'.; as partie. one that is carthly-minded, bdd-pa); I'tdb-poadj.; stab-stdlJ..})(}/'sthi,nosa worldling; 11!JrU-bo-la I'tay-pa steady in hM'ing hecome quite startled and eoolying, i.e. dispOl!ed to lie down, to he con· founded Ptk; rtab-l'tOb sbst., rtoh_rt/;b_ftttinually at rest, Sty,; rlo[j-cad lasting and ndll _du Jiyin _u she ran inw the housetransitory, frq,; l·tag - par, or more frq. in hastc (full of joy) Nil.; ,tob·,tdb-la rarta!! - tu, always, i.e. I. continually, 2. at lIli odren I cannot help yOIl with such speedeacb time (Dd. ~:::". 5); rtJ.y-tu-ba per- ilIil. nt, It is also spelled brta/.i$-p<t.petuity, eternity c.&, - rttiy-po, J.d. -sldg$})(}", lasting, Ilurable, reliable, rtu!! - bl'tonid. C.; rtag-sn!Jom-kt t. adv. uniformly,equally. - l'tag-rh if6,,-ba &It.: a constant change('?)."':n~r "Wfl (cf. 1tOt,;s ~ pa) I, resp. ,;ymy., 'I rtdgs, sign, token, mark, characteristic,"tufl-H" lV., "togs-pu" lAI., id.; days 6!JhIJla, vulg, -tag rY!Jdb-pa- to make a m!ITk;rdb-tu byU,i-bai rtay~ y6d-pa (partie.) onellaving the outward marks of an ecclesiasticGll'.; bkm - ilis ,tags v. Ukra'o Us; omen,prognostic, - ltas, lAt-mo sl:ye-bm' rtags aprognostic of a girl being born Aled.; proofof a thing, c. genit., frq.; 1mjon-,tdgs D::l.id.; proof, argument, evidence, -Cj tuys-pan~ zum" lAi. upon what evidence luwe theyseized him? -tug~ - pa ziy yos" you~ mustpro\'e it, -(uys-po.-mj mi dug" there is no

,~

rien-pa

nut" W. the following day, 'fi/'t -)ii>/' re-

maining |>art, the last remainder, *di-riit

)(t tin-jug len son* W. to-day I have used

the last of my tea. rtiii-pa 1. the end,

extremity, lowest part, e.g. of a stick Glr. ;

gen.: 2. the heel of the foot, liiii-lnujn a

spur, rfi/'i -Icags rgydb

- pa to prick with

tlir spurs, to spur; rtin-cu the Achilles-

tendon.

fJT^T i'tib-pa ) pf- brtibs, fut. bi'tib, imp.////>

(.s) to break or pull down (cf.

0,' rtiuj sometimes for rteu, a foal.

rfu</-j><t 1. excrement, dirt rtu

or -skem dry excrements Med. ; rgyal-.sv/V rtiiy-pa bzin-du dor-ba to throw off

royalty like dirt 7V/>.; rtug -pa pyis -pairdo a stone for wiping one's self Mil.

2. C. wind, flatulence. --3. (b)rtug v. sub

f6gs-pa.

rtiin-ba, pf. brtuits, fut. brtu/i, also

uft-ba, to make shorter, to shorten,

to contract, e.g. a rope, a dress; ynyd-bans his neck is contracted Miig.

riun v. j'fcm; rtun-ril a trituration-

''tun-pa, brtitn-pa, diligence, rt/'tn-pa

skyed-pa, to be diligent Zam. Cf.

dun-pa.

rtul~po, or rtul-ba, blunt, dull, mfson-

rtul a blunt weapon Cs. ; gen. fig.:

(Ibdn-po rtt'd-po (opp. to mon-po or ywd-

6a sharp, and Obnh-po middling) dullness,

stupidity, imbecility of mind; dull, stupid;blo-rtul weak intellect. (b)rtul -pod-pa

boldness, courage; bold, brave Dzl.

&Q' vtnt foal, COlt, rteu Jbran-ba to bringforth a colt, to foal ( is.

V yfew (cf. the next article) that which'

contains, keeps, or supports a thing,

1. a hold, support, esp. in compounds: ka-

I'ft'n the plinth or base of a pillar Cs.;

rkan-rtin (resp. zabs-rten) a foot-stool < >. :

zu-rten a present given to support a suppli-

cation, and never omitted by Orientals

when making a petition; *sem-ttn* W. token.

keep-sake ;

- -esp. a visible representation.

a statue <>r figure <>i Huddhu or of other

divine beings, whtdi tin- pious may take

hold of, and to which their devotions are

more immediately directed (v. the ex-

planation in Glr.h|>. II, init.)

-- 2. re-

ceptacle, resp. yduh-rttn, for the bones or

relics of a saint, mcod-i'ten for oblations,

v. mcod-pa, compounds; rig "pat rten re-

ceptacle of the soul, i.e. the body Schr.\

i'i<j~l>a rten-med-pa, rf<// >laii l>r,il-l>n th.-

houseless, bodiless soul Tlujr.\ Ojig-rti:n \.

jiy; snyiti ni fse xroy &hw -kyi rten the

heart is the seat of life and of the soul

Mm).\ seat, abode, residence, ot a deity,

sanctuary, temple (Dzl.), shrine, rtn-gyiytso-bo the deity residing in a shrine Glr.;

visible representation, symbol, of divine ob-

jects or beings, esp. the rten ysuin: .s/v/-

rten an image of Buddha, ymh-rten symbolof the doctrine, gen. consisting in a volume

of the holy writings, fugs-rten symbol of

grace, a pyramid, Kopp. II, 294. Hence

rten might very suitably be used for denoting

the material element in the Christian sacra-

ments, viz. the water, and the bread and

wine. 3. present, gift, prop, for Zti-rf>n

(v. sub no. 1), and then in a more general

sense, resp. pyag-rten, W., for pyag-rtdys;

also offering, oblation. - - 4. sex, specified

as male, female, or hermaphrodite, in-

dependently of age S.y. ;sometimes com-

prising age S.g,; or denoting age alonr.

as child, man, old man /.>.: calling, situation

in life Tar. 163, 15 (where gyi ought to

be changed into ni) 176, 15; 178, 18; some

compounds follow still at the end of the

next article.

rten -pa 1. vb., pf. and fut. /<

imp. rton (brtenf), to keep, to hold,

to adhere to, to lean on, ^dr-ba-la on a

staff I*th.; kd-ba-la against a pillar: l<i</-

pa ggrdm-pa-la to lean one's head on MI.-'>

hand, in meditating !>;/. : i\g. to depend

or rely on, />//<'/<-/<// bld-ma the priest to

whom one holds; snum-la, rten-pa to k*v|>

to the fat, i.e. to eat much tat Mt-il.; Rriff-

pai cm-hi to be given, addicted, to >-n>ual-

ity; *cu t<in-ira -man -j ><>-la tiit-ii>'* ' it'

~=l".q' ,.trb-pa

/11(1' IV. the follo""iug day; 't;,i -j.i!!· relllllinillg I,art, the last Tell1l\inder, -di-"i,ija ti,i-jUy 1m ,mi- W. lo-dny I 11I~ye usedthe IllSt of my ten.. - rfi,i-pa l. the cnd,extremity, lowest pnrl, e.g. of n. stick GI,..;gen.: 2. the heel of the foot, l·t;'i-lc(J.g~ n

spur, ,·t{,i -lC(ly' f'!!!Idb - pit to I,rick withthe SpUl'S, to spur; rti,i - i'u tile Achil1Ol;tendon.~::r.q· f'tib - 1M, pr. brtibl, fut. b,.tib, imp.1 rtib(lI) to break or pUll down (cf.rdib-Jl(I).

~~. ,·tiu, sometimes for rteu, a foal.

~::;r=r rtuy-pll I. excrement, dirt rfug-J..J.1Il~ or ·,/rlm dry excrements M/(l.; 'I'fJ!JI.1I.ri,ll'tlig-pa b::(n-du t/dr_bl.1 to throw offroyalty like dirt PIli.; '/'Mg - pa fJ,lfi~ -1Ja;rdo a stone for wiping ouc's self M;l. _2. C wind, flatulence. - 3, (b)rlu!! v. sub(Og'-p(l.~~'.::r It,;,i-OO, I'e. brIUli$, fut. brhui, lliso~ Illili-ill/, to make sllorter, to shorten,to contract, e.g. a rope, u dress; yn,ljd-babl'fu,i~ his neck is contracted .M"!!.~';;' nUll \'. ytun; rtUlI - ril a trituration-t.. I bowl &1,.i)~'.q" rt.lIl-1Ja, brt,in-pa, diligence, rtlh/-pa...., ,J. ytd - pa to be diligent Zmll. Cf.dlm-IX'·i)'::r:r rtM.po, or ,·tul-ba, blunt, dull, 1Il(1jQf/"" rtul 1\ blunt weapon G•• ; gen. fig.:dlxili-pt' rtu/'fXJ (opl" to I"non-po or I'noba shllrp, and obri,i-pt' middling) dullness,stupidity, imbecility of mind; dull, ~tupid;

bltt-rtul weaK intdleet. - (b)rtul-fwd-pa(m) boldness, cournge; bold, brnl'e D::/.~. J·teu loal, colt, rteu obl'(Ili-ba til bringI \ forth lL colt, to fon1 (;11.

~ ''1m (cf. the next article) thaI wllichcontains, keeps, or supports fI, thing,

I. a hold, support, esp. in compounds: kll

1·tm the plinl.lJ or b:1SO of l~ pillnr Or.;rka,i-rlbl (resl" ::abi-,.teI~) lL foot-stool (iI.;zu_rllll ll. present given t.o support" supplication, nnd never omitted by Orientalswhen mnking n petition; -$I"I'j·fen-1V. token,keel)·sllke; - esp. a visible rtipl'tsentation,

:J13

a .tatue or figure of Buddha or of otlll'rdi\'ine beings, which the IJious mllY takehold of, and t.o which tlleir de\'"otiolls aremore immedil\tcly direded ( .... tile 1!1·

planatioll in Gil'. clip. H, init.) - 2. receptacle, resp. ydlln-,"i", for tile oouet orrelics of a SIlint, lIICdd·rten for oblations,v. 1I1coo-]1a, oompounus; riY-lm; rUlI reC1lpttlCle of the soul, i.e. the body &Itr.;l'i9-]1il /·tln-mtd-pa, "Im ,{wi brdl-ba tbelJousclCS6, bodiless soul Tlvy.; ,Jig-rtm ".Ji!J; 311yi,i ni {It: IJ''O<J MI/U - kgi rim tilehenrt is the seat of life I\llll of the soulMI;Y·; seal, abode, residence, ot a deity,sanctuary, temple (D::t.), shrine, rtbJ - Y!Jirtsd-bo the deity residing in lL shrine Gir.;visible representation, symbol, of di ...ine objects or beings, esp. tbe rUIi }'.IIIII: a.bi_rten nn iUUlge of Buddhn, )'3lili-rtl"1 s}'moolof the doctrine, gen. cunsisting in " "olumeof the holy writings, {.i!J3-rtrn symbol ofgfllce, n pyrn.mid, KO]1]J. II, 29i. lIeneeI'ten might very suitably be used for denotingthe material element in Ule Christinn sncfll,ments, viz. the w(ller, aDd the bread andwine, - 3. present, gilt, prop. for :-.f-rttlj(v. sub no. 1), and then in n more genertll>leDSC, rcsp. P!JarJ-rtin, w:, for PyafJ-rtt;!p;also offering, oblation, - 4. sex, spe<:ifiedas mille, female, or hermaphrodite, indepcndently of agc S'9'; sometimes comprising age S.9.; or denoting ~e "lone,tIS child, mau, old wan /.t.; calling, situationin life 'far. 163,15 (where 9yi oughL 10

be changed ioto ni) 176, 15; 178, IS; somecompoumls follow still at the end of thenext !trUde.~-::r rMII.')(1 1. vh., pf. I\nd fut. /"UN.

f'\ illll" J·tOIl (brUIi!)' to keep, to hold,to adhere to, to lean on, .Itir-f;a-I" 011 ~

staff PI},.; kd~/a IlgniDst R pillar; leiyJ!ao!Jl'dlll-p~t<l to lelW one'~ head on one'shand, in meditating D::{.; lig. 10 dependor rely on, bl'tbl-PlU' bl<i-II/O tile priCi't towhom olle holds; '/IIIHl-til rtro-Il/I to keepttl tile f(\t, i.e. to eat much flit Med.; .rn:q]/ai 1tll-1t1 to be given, addicted, to l!t'lIsu"lity; -t«ffJIi.IM fIIt/li-po-l" t':'I-~ e if

214

J" rten-pa 'q* rtogs-pa

one is intent on watering ; Ofso- ba dka -

sub -la v. dkd-ba compounds; /cued-kijis

ysun-ba-la fote'n-nas following, obeying

(your) orders Glr. ; nai nus-pa-la rten-nas

relying on my strength, i.e. by the help

of my strength (you will be able to get

to that place) Mil.; hence (b) rten-nas is

frq. used for: in consequence of, with re-

spect to, concerning etc. : rkyen de-la rten-

nas in consequence of this event (the doc-

trine spread) Tar. 8, 1; *gJia-la ten-nas*

why? wherefore? 6'.; yul Kydd-par-can-larten-nas (to sin) with regard to a noble

object Thyy.; to hang on, to depend on, to

arise or issue from; rteit-par Jbrel-ba v.

rten-Jbrel; to be near, to border on, *ten-te

yod* W. (the two villages) are contiguous

to each other; = ytdd-pa, ston-pa to

be directed, to be situated, to lie towards,

lho-pyoys-la to be situated towards the south

Sambh.; ôd-zer-la rten-nas jrzigs-pa to look

after or pursue with one's eye a ray of

light, like ytod-pa I. 3. Cf. sten-pa.

2. sbst. that which holds, keeps up, rgydl-

poi rten-pao (these) are the supports of

kings Dzl.\ brten-pa rus-pai ynds-luys bstdn-

pa 'the doctrine of the hold-giving bones',

osteology Mng. 3. adj. attached to, faithful 6'.

Comp. rten-grogs, fse hril-pw Ogrogs-pai

rten- grogs perh. erron. for ytdn-yroys.

rten-ynas Gram.: the case which denotes

the place of a thing or person, the locative.

rten- brely or in full: rten-par Otoel-bar

^gyur-ba or Jbyuh-ba 'the coming to pass

in continuous connection' (the explanation

of Burn. 1,623 is grammatically not quite

correct) i. e. : 1 . in a general sense : the

connection between cause and effect; in a

special sense, the Buddhist doctrine of

the rten-Jbrel bcu-ynyis, fM^N; tne twelve

causes of existence Wdk. 551 (with illus-

trations); Schl. 23, Burn. I. 485, Kopp.

I.,609. 2. the auspices of an undertaking,

in as much as the complete knowledge of

the causal connection of things implies also

a certain prescience of future events; rten-

Jbrel rtog-pa to investigate the auspices,

ses-pa to know them, (a physician e.g.,

when treating a patient, must try to find

out the auspices) Med.; rten-Jbrel bzan or

legs good auspices, nan bad auspices, frq.;

so also frq. col. rten-ma prop, support,

pillar S.y., *ten-sin* W. a pole used as a

prop ;rten-sa Mil. ?

rtoy-ge-ba (^) the act of argu-

ing, reasoning ;dialectics 6s.

;Sck.

distrust, suspicion (?); Ka-bsdd rtog-gei slob-

dpon seems to describe a teacher who talks

in a hypocritical manner with a mere ap-

pearance of wisdom. rtoy-ye-pa an ar-

guer, disputer, reasoner, dialectician 6s.

rtog-pa I. vb., pf. brtags (rtoc/s q.v.),

brtag, imp. rtog(s), 1. to consider,

examine, search into, look through, cca.

(also dat.) , brtdgs- na mi ses though one

meditates (upon the soul), one cannot un-

derstand or fathom it Mil.; frq. with a

single or double indirect question : to exa-

mine whether (or whether not); brtag-

dpyod (or rtng-fzig) yton-ba Pth,Mil. id.;

brtays-dpyod examination, trial Zam.; c.

terruin. to discern, to recognize as, e.g. mKris-

par brtag it is ascertained to be bile, to

be caused by bile Med.;

so - sdr rtog- pa

Stg. prob. to recognize as being different.

- 2. to muse, to ruminate, to trouble one's

head about a thing, which is considered

a fault much to be guarded against, and

the more so, as religious faith as well as

meditation require the mind to be strictly

directed and entirely devoted to the one

subject in question; hence ma-i*tog tln- dzin

Mil. contemplation without any disturbing

reflections and by-thoughts; cf. no. II.

3. v. dog-pa.

II. sbst. 1. consideration, deliberation,

reflection, cf. I., 2; rtog-pa skye-ba, rtoy-

pa-la ûg-pa to reflect on a thing, to in-

dulge in musings Dzl. 2. scruple, hesi-

tation, rtog-pa skyes-te to grow doubtful,

hesitating Mil.; rtog(-pa)-med(-pd) simple,

unsophisticated; simplicity; singleness of

heart. de-la rtog-ûg mi byed Glr. he

does not meddle with that.

rtogs-pa (prop, the pf. of rtog-pa,

like novi of nosco) 1. vb. to per-

214

oue is intent on watering; 0($0 - ba dJ..a~ub-la '", dJ.·t.i-ba compounds; l;!Jld-k!JisfSuli - ba -La brien-nat following, obc)'ing(your) orders Gll'.; 1iai nus-pa-ia rlen-nulirelying on my strength, i.e. by the helpof my sb"CDgtb (you will be aUle to getto that place) Mil.; hence (b)rten-11a8 isCrq. used for: in con6equcnce 0(, with respect to, concerning etc.: rkyen dC-la 1tbi·1UU in consequence of this e"cnt (the doc.trine spread) Tal'. 8, 1; -glla-Ia ten-ncu·why? wh('refore? C.; yulltydd-pal'-call-lartm-nUB (to ein) with ff'.g"llrd to n. nobleobject Tltyy.; to hang on, to depend on, toarise or issue from; rtiti -]Jal' obrel-I#1, \',l'ten-i)/'fl; to be near, to border on, ·fen-teyOO" lV. (the two villages) are contiguousto each other; - ftdd-pa, stdn-pa tobe directed, to be situated, to lie tow(uds,lIu;-j'!JfJ!Js-la to he sitm\ted towards the southSamM.; ~od-zer-la rl,:n-lI(l8 r::i!J8-pa to looknfter or pursue with one's eye Il. ray oflight, like )tdd-pa 1. 3. Cf. stbl-pa. 2. sbst. that which holds, keeps up, rgyalpoi ,·ten -pM (these) are the supports ofkingsD::I.; brtbl-pa rTls-pai )'Iu;".-lugs futun1/a 'tlie doctrine of the hoM-giving bones',osteology Milg. 3.adj.nUMbed to, faitllful G.

Compo rthi-grogs, 6e Il1il-poI' o!IrOfJs-poirtm-g1'O[l$ llerh. erron. for )tan-grogs.

-"MIl-f1Uls Gram.: the case which denotesthe pll\Ce of a thing or person, the locative.-1'len-"brill or in full: rtrn-par "brei-bar,f}!/UI'-ba or "byuil-ba 'the coming to passin continuous connection' (the explanationof Burll. I. 623 is grammatically not quitecorrect) i. e.: l. in a general sense: theconnection between cause and effect; in aspecial sense, the Buddhist doctrine ofthe ,·ten-"brel bl:u-)'II!jiS, ~, tLe twelvecauses of existence lVdk.551 (with iIlustmtions); &/d. 23, BUI'1/.. I. 485, Kiipp.1., GOO. 2. the auspices of an undertaking,in ns mucb as tbe complete knowledge ofthe causal connection of things implies alsoa certll.in prescience of future events; rtNl"brel "fdy _pa to investigate the auspices,*e8 - pa to know them, (a Ilhysieian e.g. t ,

when treRting 11. patient, must tr)' to findout the 11.usllices) Ned.; rten-"bdl b::aJ' orletp good auspices, ,ian bad auspices, frq.;so also frq. col. - rtbl-ma prop, support,pillar S.g., "fI!n-i!,i" W: a pole used as aprop; 1'fen-lla Mil.'~·~·.::r rt6y-ge·ba. (ri) the act of argu.,-' ing, reasoning; dialectics Ga.; Sdl.distrust, suspicion (?); J:a-!nlid ,·t6y-gei slObdpoo seems to describe a tencher who talksin a hypocritical manner with a mere appearance of wisdom. - rt6y""fjt--pa an ar_guer, displlter, reasoner, dialectician Cs.~·.::r rldg-pa I. Yb., pc. {mags (rtogs q.v.),,. brtUf/, imp. rtog(s), 1. 10 consider,examine, search into, look through, ccn..(also dat.), brtagt - fla mi ~t8 thougb onemeditates (U)lOn the sOIlI), one cannot understand or fatbom it Alil.; frq. with 'I

single or double indirect question: to exanline whether (or whether not); brtagdpydd (or eMg-rHg) yttui-ba 1'tJ., Mil. id.;hl'tags - dP!lM @amination, trial 7..anl.; C.

termin. to discern, to recognize as, e.g. ml:";spar bl'tag it is ascertained to be bile, tobe caused by bile Med.; so - sdr rtOfj - paStg. prob. to recognize tIS being different.- 2. to muse, to ruminate, to troulJle one'shead about a thing, which is consideredn fault much to be gualoded ngainsl, andthe more so, as religious faith as well IlS

medit.n.tion require the mind to be strictlydirected and entirely de\'oted to the onesubject in question; hence 7Ila-rt6y t!;,-"dzillMil. contemplation wiUlOut any disturbingre.8ectioDs and by-thoughts; cf. no. II. -3. v. dO[J-pa.

n. sbst. 1. consideration, deliberation,reflection, cf. I., 2; l·tdy.pa sKye-La, rtdgpa-Ia JlirrPa to rellect on a thing. to indulgc in musings D::l. - 2. scruple, hesitation, rtdfJ- pa skyes-te to grow doubtful,hesitating Mil.; 1'lcg(-pa)-mal(-pa) simple,unsophisticated: simplicit)'; singleness ofhenrl. - de-la l·tog-Jil[l mi byed GIl'. hedoes not meddle with that.Y"::rr~r.r rMgs-pa (prop. the Ilf. of '1'ldg-pa,.,-' like lIovi of 11/.II$CQ) 1. vb. to per-

tu

ceive. to know, to understand, </////-; ma

i-tiHfs-80 they did not understand, though

they inquired into it 1>;I. \ rtiH/s-jmr ^/iji'n'-

Ini to obtain information, to convince one's

self of a thing D:l.; rf<><is-jnir />i/<'</-j>(ito

teach, to demonstrate, to convince a per-

son of DzL ; md-rtogs-pa stupid, ignorant;

ignorance Mil. 2. sbst. (but in Tibetan

always construed as an infinitive with the

accus. inst. of the genit., and with an adv.

inst. of an adj.) knowledge, perception, cog-

nition, t'rq.;sems rtogs-pa the knowledge

of (one's own) soul Mil.', ninon-par rtogs-

pa (^rftre*ro) c^ear understanding or per-

ception, in modern Buddhism the same as

xtuii -JHI- ;////(/ Trig. 21 . rtogs -pa- can,

i-fix/s-lddn rich in knowledge Alii. rtogs-

(pd) brjod^-pa}, for -jiq^M cf. Hnm. I. 64,

a moral legend. rtogs-spyod theory and

practise, rtogs-spyod byed-pa to know and

to do, rtogs-spydd la mKds-pa theoretically

and practically religious. rtdgs- dod-can

desirous of knowing or learning, inquisitive

Mil. -- Sometimes for fogs-pa.

btod-pa 1. sbst.,

also rtod-pur, a stake, in the ground, for

teddering a horse, for securing a boat etc.;

a peg, iu a wall, for hanging up things;

rtod-fdg a tedder (v. btod-pa)', rtod-pa

brgydb-pa to drive in a stake or peg

2. vb. to tedder, fasten, secure DzL

rton-pa brton-

pa, brtan-pa,\\ith or without yid, ccd., to place confi-

dence in a person, to rely on.

rtol? cos-rtdl Tar. 164. 20, Schf. the

pith or marrow of a doctrine; rtol-

skyes-kyi ses-pa AlilJ bi'tol-ses-pa Tar.

15)7, 8, Schf. to know thoroughly.

rtl r,s., iiol-gog Lex. w.e.; Sc/i. : a

bastard, an animal of a mixed breed,

rtdl-po a male, rtol-mo a female bastard

Cs.; ace. to Desgodins the cross-breed of

a yak-bull and a Ogar-mo. Cf. Itor.

rtol-ba, pf.brtol (Ld. *stol-ce*) 1.

to bore, to pierce, to bore into, cci.

& t., Stg. ;to bore through, to perforate cca.,

a board etc., ngo-im tin- *h-ll of an egg (of

chickens creeping out) Sr/<.. to open (an

abscess) by a pum-tun-; to make an incision;

'bi-ynii' \V. to bore a hole. 2. to come to.

to get to, to arrive at ynd*-su to (at) a place

Jj&c. (cog. to fi'il-lni. fi'l-ba)', yo/'m- du#-brf'>/

Li:r. w.e.; Tin: :'><, >>. Mi/.: qthe coral-tree, Erythrina indica; also a tree

of paradise. (In Dzl. 9Q4, 18 the manuKcriptof Kyelang has: dc'-dag-las rt6i-lja it out-

passed them).

oj.Ita 1. more correctly blta, \. sub Itd-

^ba, I. 1., we will see. Mil., frq. 2.

in various phrases and expressions , in

which its special signification is no longer

clearly discernible : a. Ita ci smos Dzl. and

elsewh., the most frq. form, Ita *mos Hdgos Thgy., Ita smos ci Ofsal (eleg.) <SV//..

W. more distinctly: *lta dgos ci yod', also

*zer dgos ci yod*, far from, not to mention,

to say nothing of, how much less, how much

more; with a preceding infinitive or noun:

Odi-dag Odul-ba Ita ci smos to say nothing

of the conversion of these! how much

easier is it to convert these! DzL; ^6-skol

Ita ci smos how much more we! Thgy.;

Ita zog is much the same : lo zld - ba Ita

zog to say nothing of years and month- :

*tar zog, td-la zog* C. id. b. the word

is frq. used after participles or adjectives

ending with pa, when, judging in each

case from the connection in which it hap-

pens to stand, it may be deemed equiva-

lent to: evidently, indeed, thus then etc..

spoken either with emphasis, or ironically,

or in a sorrowful tone. As it is next to

impossible to learn from the Tibetans t In-

exact import of those little words, which

slightly modify the grammatical and logi-

cal relations of a sentence, European trans-

lators have generally passed them over.

Cf. Dzl. 7, 18, ^fl^vS, 2 (where a shad

ought to be added), H, 7 (where *te means

though), vS, 18; Tar. 7, 17, li. In />.-/.

704, 7 Ita, in accordance with the manu-

script of Kyelang, is to be omitted. <-.

like, as. (ltd-ba sbst. abstr., ltd-bu adj.,

Itd-bur or Itui' adv.). dit-ba ltd -bur ydd-

ceivt, 10 know, to undentanet, dpydl./.,.a ,"4

rtdtJ' •., tJle,. did oot undcf'liumd, tllOughtlley inquired into it /)::1.; rt6l-P-1NIr .!I}lw",/He 10 obtain information, to eou\"inoe ODe"

self of .. tbing D::I.; ~'r bylt/-pu to

~h. to dtwonstnte, to coll,iaee • per!>On of D::I.; lItd.rI6fJl'pa litupid, igllOl1lnt;ignoratlce Mil. - 2. ",bit. (but in libell.nal ....·.y5 construed as lUI infinitive wilh tbeACCu.s. inst. of tbe geniL, and wilh aD adv.in!i1. of au adj.) knowledge, ptrttption, cognition, (rq.; ttln.f rrog. - pa tbe knowledgeof (onc's 0'01'11) soulltJil.j m';Jn..par rltkppa {'lIl'finIlflI) dent uP(lersl.lnding or I.e....ception, in modern BuddhiSlD. the bnUlC l\S

,toli-l'(I-lIyid Tdy. 21. - rldg8-pa-«m,"toOI-Man rieh ill knowledge iJliJ. - ,'My.(pa) IJl)6d(-pa), for "lCli(lii ce. I1U"'II, L 64,a m01'1l1 legeud. - rtoy.-.p!JOd theory andIlracu..e. rtOfll-IpyOi.l byn1-]Jl1 to know nodto do, rtog,-,p!Jdd la 711/trh-zJa theoreticallyand practicnlly religious.. - .,.tdg"il«l-i:ondesirous of 1;o0\l\-inl{ or learning, inquisitireJ/il. - Sometimes for (0fP'1J".

P::'.:r ~.~ #'.:r rtdd-p~,}'t6d-p~,Ii. '~fT' ' '11 btdd-pa 1. ,bloL,also rloft-pwr, a stake, in lhe ground, fortMdering a horse, for ~uring a boat ele.;• peg, iu a lil·al~ for h~ up things;rl«l-(ug a tedder (Y. btod-pa); rtdd-I'"brgyti6-po. to drive in a ,.tAke or peg2. vb. to tedder, fasten, secure D:.I."f"i.:.r, ~.cr, '::;'&~.cr rtOn-1'6',brt6H} ......,. I 1'" , brlarl - pa,

\\ith or 'ft·ithout yiJ, «d., to place confidence WI Ii peNOn, to f1!ly on.~..f rtol! eo..rtdi Tar. 164, 20, &4f. the} pith or mllUOW of a doctrine; .,.tOl

d-yn.lryi UI-pa .Mil.1 - lwldW~-pa Tat',IH7, 8, &Iif, to know thoroughly.-:tr..r rtol ( •., rtol-!Jdg l..u. w.e.; &4.: a1'- baslard, an nnimlt! of", mixed breed,,.tol-11O a male, rtO[-nlO 1\ CelUAle blsl.II.rd(,.; ftCC. to Desgodins the ~~br~ ofa yak-bull And II. .!Ior_JM. Cf. ItOI'.-~'.::r rtdl-ha, pf. ln10l (iA. ·,IdHI.e-) 1.T 10 bore, to pierce. to bore into, t'ci.&. t., Stg.; to bore througb, to periorate cc.:an

21:'

II. board et.c.,~ the ,lw;1J Ofall egg (ofchickens enel"illg O1It) &J..., Ie opa'l (anab&et-sa) by a I'unetuf1!; to nub an 1nebiH;"bi-ga•• n>: kl bore allO!e. - 2. t, CHle It.to gel to, to arrive at. f'Id- to (at) a plr.oeLu. (cog. kl (dl...fM. Ul-&a); yo;.•••~i,a. w.e.; 'fur. 30, t'l, &AI.: qIF<_ln"tJle coral.tcee, Er') lhril. indica; also a treeof paradise. (10 D:.I ~..{, I:J tbe maousaiptof Kyelang has: Jj-J~ rtiJUa it exatpas&ed lhem).~ ita I. more oor:eclly U~ ,. 'ub Ita-

ba, 1. I., we will ste, oIIii., frq, - 2.in ,·lIriOI1S phrases and espreu.ions, inwhich its ~pecial .iRnificl\tion is no longerclearly discernible: A,ltl. ti 'nIOI D:.l, IUldc1sewh., the mos~ frq. form, Ita.,...,. tid!Jo, Tl.Y!I, ita '"101 b· .flal (elcg.) St!!.,W more distinctly: 'ita dgor n yod', also'zer dgot i:i yod", far from, not to mtntion,10 say nothing of, how much less. how muthmore; with :l. preceding infinili"e or DODD:

odi-MfJ odtd~ ita t.i ,,_ kl ,ay oot.bingof tbe ooo\"ersion of these! bo....· muchen.siu is it to COM'ert the.e! DzL; _~dol

Ita Ci .me. how much more we! Thgy.;ita log is much the 'llUne: 1o:1d - btl Ita.~og to say oolhing of yean I.Dd montbs;·tar !::og, tti-la ZfJ!f C. id. - b. tbe wordis fIq. used llfter ~iples or adjectifHending with pa, when, judging in efl(':bcase from the connection in 1I'hieh it happens to st,'U1d, it ma,r be deemed !quinlent to: mdenUy, indeed, thus theA ele..,spoken either wilh emphasis, or ironically,or in n solTOwflll tone. As it i~ nUl to

impossible to learll from the Tibetaos theUatt import of th~ liule word., 'II'hichsligh\l)' modify the gramulatical alld IORiell! rcla.tiolls of a sentence, Europeall trailS

latol'll blne gencr&11y plUlBCd them oYer.ef. D::l. 'rO, 18, ~-S, 2 (wht'fe a "hadought to be Added)., "A, 7 (where lilt melW~

lhougb), :(SC, 18; 7'a ... 7, 11, HI. III D:.I.10,(, 7 lllJ, ill aooo~ witJl tJle manu·&Cril't of Kyelang, i" to be oenitLM. - ('_like, as, (ltd-1M .bi... abt.tr., tt.i_bw adj..

,!t4-bw or Iw :uk), .LiI_iNl ltd-_ ykl-

ltd-ba

216

pa zig one having the nature or the co-

lour of smoke Glr.; rta bcus rgyug-pa Itd-

bui sgra a noise as if ten horses were gal-

loping Glr. ; . . . ltd-bu mKds-pa zig a manas wise as ... DzL; pa-ma ltd-bur gyur-to he was (to him) like a father DzL ; bai

dzi-ma ltd-bu dan Iddn-te having eye-lashes like those of a cow Stg. ; rein-la mi-

mK6-ba bu-la byin-pa ltd-bu ma yin not

as if she (the mother) would give her child

only what she does not want herself Thgy. ;

zes-pa ltd-buo is the usual expression for

quoting a passage from an author, and

always follows the quotation ; Kyod nd-lta-

bu min you are not my equal, and also:

you are not in my situation J/&; Odi-lta-

bu, de-lta-bu, one like him, such a one

as he; ci-lta-bu what sort of? sans-rgyasties byd -ba ci- Ita - bu yin the so - called

Buddha, what sort of being is he? what

is meant by 'Buddha'? DzL ci-lta-bu-la

bskal-pa zes bgyi what sort of a thing is

called 'Kalpa'? ji-lta-ba v. ji', ji-lta-buof what kind, as a rel. pron. Sometimes

Ita alone is used for Ita-bu : Kyod-lta your

equal Mil.', so prob. also in the passage

Dzl.9&V,'&-twhere yod-pa Ita ci mfon

would be = yod-pa ltd-bu gan mfon (better

than taking Ita ci mfon for Ita ci smos

Schf.). In DzL W&, 13, and ^W, 3 Itd-

zig is prob. to be altered into Itd-zog, v.

sub a, 2, above. d. Ita is sometimes a

mere expletive, e.g. in dd-lta (v. da), and

after the conditional na (DzL 9&Q, 1; V,

b; Z/3, 16, m,b.).ltd-ba I. vb., pf. bltas, fut. blta, imp.

Itos, blta, resp. yzigs-pa (cf. Itos-pa)

1. to look (as an act of the will, cf. mfon-ba),

to view, often with mig, ormig-gis (v. below);

bltds-na mi mfon though you look (for it)

you do not see it Mil.;*ndn - tan zib - ca

Itos* Ld. look at it accurately ! *tg sig* C.

look (before you)! have your eyes open!*to sig nyon cig* C. attention! mind! be

careful ! ltd - bos cog mi ses I never can

look enough at it; with nas: to look from

or through, sgo-sen-nas (to peep) throughthe narrow opening of a door Tar.] bltd-

*J* ltd-ba

na sdug- pa pleasing when looked upon,

charming to look at; also n. of the city

of gods on the Rirab Stg., and of one of

the seven golden mountains around the

Rirab Glr.; ltd-ru son go there and look

(at it)! *lta-la toil* W. let me look (at it)!

show it me! pan-fsun-du ltd-ba to look

around DzL ;

*cog-cog-la*, or *ye-yon-la*

col. id.; pyi mig ,or pyir (to look) back

DzL ; *pi mig log lta-ce*, or *jin-pa gyur-te Itd-ce* W. id.; to inspect, ccd., rarely

c.a., frq. Glr., DzL; Kyed mi -nus- pa-labltds-na if one views, considers, your in-

ability DzL; nas ma bltas-na if I do not

inspect it Glr. ; *ghdn-la te run* C. whatever

one may fix his eyes upon = whatever it

may be; to look after or into, to revise, to

examine, to try, rtsa ltd-ba to feel a person's

pulse Med.; pdn-nam blta I will see, if I

can help Mil.;

also: I will see, whether

it has done good ;su ce blta let us see who

is taller Mil.', e' fsud Itos sig see, if youcan put it through Glr.; rtin-sor blta weshall see that afterwards Mil.; ydn- dag-

par ltd-ba to examine or search into mi-

nutely Mil. ; *fsod ltd-ba* in col. languageis the expression most in use for to examine,

to put to the proof, to test, to try, to

sound etc. Lastly, as a mere act of the

mind: to meditate, reflect, muse, ponder,

investigate, du Odug blta let us see how

many there are Mil.;

Ita rtog byed-pa, or

yton-ba Mil. to investigate closely. Also

in a mystic sense, v. sgom-pal,2.2. ccd. (or accus.) and termin.

,to look

upon a thing as, ses-pa-la zog-tu to look

upon knowledge as deceitful; dkon-mcog

ysum mi bden-par ltd-ba to think the three

treasures to be untrue, not real,= not to

believe in them. 3. c. dat. (rarely termin.) :

to have regard to, to pay attention to, to

take notice of, and with a negative : to be

indifferent to, not to care about, srog-la miltd-ba not to care about one's life (fromheroism or desperation). 4. to be situated

or directed towards, mdo ni nub-tu Ita the

lower part of the valley is situated towards

the west. 5. nas bltds-pa in my opinion ;

216

pa Zig one having the nature or the CO~

lour of smoke G/I'.; rIa hem rg!Jlig-pa [til·bui 311"" a noise as if ten horses were gal-loping Gir.; [tu-bu mfdB-pa ;ig a mnnas wise as Dd.; pa--ma ltd-bur 9fJUr-to he was (to him) like a futher Dzl.; boidzi· ma ltd .. flu dali Idan- te having eyelashes like those of a cow Slg_; 'l'd/i-la mimlM-ba bU-Ia b!Jh"-pa lta-bu 1/Ia yill notas jf she (the mother) would give her childoilly what she does not wllnt berself '1'1/99_;zh-pa lta-bu/) is tbe usuul expression forquoting l1 passnge from an author, IUld

always follows the quotation; Jiyod .id-itaim mill you arc not my equal, aod also:you are not in my situation Mil.; odi-ltabu, de-lta - bu, one like him, such noneas he; Ci-lta-bu what sort of? sariN'gyl.UJits blld .. ba H - ita .. bu yin the so-culledBuddha, what sort of being is he? whatis meant by 'Buddhll.'? D;:l. C{-lta-/m-[abskal-pa ztt bgyi whll.t sort of a thing iscalled 'Kalpa'? )t-lta-ba v. ji; )i-lta-buof what kind, as a rel. pron. Sometimeslta alone is used for lta-bu: ~f~lta yourequal Nil.; so prob. also in the passageD:l. J;?V, 8, where ydd - pa ita N m(oliwould be "'" yM.-pa lM-bu gwi m(mi (lletterthan taking ita Ci mfo,j for ita Ci ,mC<l&lif.). In D;:i. {\'~=", 13, and :ro'"",31IdZig is prob. to be altered into ltd-Wy, V.

sub a, 2, above. - d. lta is sometimes amere expletive, e.g. in dd-lta (v. du), anduftel' the conditional na (Dd. ~e, 1; ,~e,

b; V~, 16, WL, b.).8l',q' ltd-ba 1. vb., p£ bllm, fut. Uta, imp.., ltos, blta, resp. )'zigs-pa (c£. (loS-pa)1. to look (as an act of the will, e£ mfOli-ba),to view, often with mig, orwig-¢' (v. below);Utd,-na mi mton though you look (for it)you do not see it Mil.; ·llIill-tm~ Zib-c«l~ Ld. look at it accurately! "II! 'ig· C.look (before }'ou)! have your eyes open!"~ ltig nwn ?:ig" C. attention! mind! becareful! ltd - bOJJ &fI mi .Ml I never canlook enough at it; with »<1&: to look fromor through, sflO-'M-nas (to peep) throughthe narrow opening of a door l'm'ii bltd-

~,q' itd-ba

na 8dug - pa pleasing when looked UpOD,

charming to look at; also n. of tile cityof gods on the Rinlb 8tg., and of one ofthe seveIl golden mountains llround theRin'lb Glr.; ltd-I'll so,i go there and look(at it)! "lta--la lon· lV. let me look (at it)!show it me! pun-tsuJl-du ltd-ba to lookaround Dd.; ·Cog-f!6g-la", or "yt-ym-la·col. id.; pyi mig, or ltyir (to look) backD:d.; "pi. mig fc.g lta-i;e·, or 'in-pa gyUr_U lid - U' w: id.; to Inspect, eed., rarelyc.a., frq. Glr., D:d.; It!Jed mi-nu3-pa-labltd8-1la if one views, considers, your inability Dd.; l;CU 171« bltag-na if I do notinsped it Gb·.; ·g!uj,j.la te 1'wi" C. whateverone may fix his eyes upon = wllatever itlDay be; to look after or into, to revise, toexamine, to try, J'ua ltd-ba to feel a persoll'spulse Med.; pan-nam btla I will see, if Ican help Mil.; also: I will see, whetherit hus done good; .m & bita let us see wlJOis taller ilfil.; i f,md It()$ Ug see, if youcan put it through Gir.; rtf"-80r btta weshall see that afterwards Mil.; '!Ian - dugpar ltd-ba to examine or search into mi·nutely Mil.; ·(sod ltd-ba· in col. languageis the expression most in use for to examine,to put to the proof, to lest, to try, tosound etc. I,astly, as n mere act or themind: 10 meditate, reflect, muse, ponder,investigate, du ¢dug blta let us see howmany there are Mil.; ita rtog byCd-pa, orrldJi-ba Mil. to im·est.igate closely. Alsoin a mystic sense, v. 390m. pa I, 2. 2. ccd. (or accus.) and termin., to lookupon a thing llS, UI-pa--la zdg-tu to lookupon knowledge as deceitful; dkon-mMgrsum mi bdbl--par lId·ba to think the threetreasures to be untrue, not real, _ not tobelieve in them. - 3. e. dat.(rarely termin.):to have regard to, to pay attention 10, 10take notice of, IUId with a negative: to beindifferent to, not to care about, srog-la 'Tlliltd-ba not to care about one's life (fromheroism or desperntion). - 4. to be situatedor directed towaNls, mdo ni 71Ub-tu Ita t1wlower part of the "lllley is situated towardsthe west. - 5. 7'«S bltd~pa ill my opinioIl;

i'ni-l(t bltda-na^a), or rfi'-ti-mts, with regard

to me, as for ine, for my sake G7/ f

.; yzdn-

nui-i Hiii/is-ln/>//<is-/i<ix

as fur as the others

an- concerned, with regard to the other-

Clr.

II. sbst. 1. the act of looking, beholding,

v. I, 1. *1.\ lt(i-li;i(ti'ix-siit circumspect (ilr.

-'2. contemplation (mystical) v. sy6m-pa

I, -2. a.(^if*r) opinion, doctrine, theory,

philosophical system, school (in Tibetan a

verb, cf. rt6gs-pa II), rtdg-par ltd-ba the

theory of perpetual duration (of earthly

things); nan-par ltd-ba a false opinion,=

Ita-log.

Comp. Ita-nyul-pa a spy, scout, ita-

nyul byed-pa to spy, to explore, v. nyul-

ba. --Ita-stdns, resp. yzig-stdns Pth. the

look, or manner of looking, air, mien, zi-

bai Ita-stdns a mild look, or countenance,

Cs.; Kro-bai Ita-stdns an angry or fierce

look Cs.; esp. the magical and powerful

look of a saint, Ita-stdns sig mdzdd-pa to

cast such a magical look Mil.; Ita-stdns-

la bzuys-pa, Ita-stdns -kyi ndn-nas cd-ba

Mil. to sit, or stride along, with such a

look, i.e. with great solemnity of deport-

ment, as of one in a trance; Ita-stdi'is-bzi

the four magical looks, viz. : Ogiigs-pai Ita-

xfth'is the attracting look, skrod-pai Ita-

stdns the repulsive look, Ihuii-bai Ita-staits

the precipitating look, rens-pai Ifii-x/th'tx

the paralyzing look Cs.; also sen-gei, gldii-

po-ce'i Ita-stdns-kyis yzigs-pa to look at a

person with a lion's look, with an elephant's

look. - -Ita-log, in later lit. and col. loy-

Ita, false sentiment, not only false doctrine,

heresy, but any irreligious impulses of the

mind, perverse and sinful thoughts, e.g.

I6g-lta skycs-te is used for conspiriug againsta person's life Glr., giving way to doubt

or weakness of faith Glr., falling in love

with a woman Pth.', mi-la log-lta byed-pato slander, to abuse a person Glr.

Itag-lcin puff-ball Sch.

ltdg-pa 1. the back part of the neck,

nape M<>tl. and elsewh., frq. 2. the

upper part or place, grdl-gyi of the divan,

217

the seat of honour / :i the back.

gri-lttig the hack of a knife. -- 4. //</</

pg sgi/iiir-l>u to turn u|>-ide down//

/(iii/-na(ii), Itag, above. *</<'>-/tut/ above the

door, grdit-ltag dgdn-fm Mil. the con \ cmabove and behind the village, the front-

side of the houses being gen. turned to-

wards the valley and the river; thus 'be-

hind' is equivalent to 'higher up': lf>i;/-

na-med-pa (of rare occurrence) for blti-

na-med-pa the highest, ^m-flU; Itug *////-

ba to strangle, to suffocate Glr. ; Itag )>

pa 1. Cs. to cut off a man's neck, to

behead. 2. W. to make a person changehis mind, to alter his sentiments; *n? K6-

la gyog-pa tag cad yin* I hope I shall

talk him out of it, shall dissuade him from

doing it; Itag nyal-ba to lie backward SV//.

Comp. Itag-sgo the back - door of a

house, v. above. Itag-} cod or -cod 1 . de-

capitation, 2. Sch.: changeable, fickle, in-

constant. Itag-cu Med. ; Sch.: 'sinew of the

neck, the covering of the neck'. - -Itag-

mdud Sch., Itag-sdud Lt.,the hole in the

occiput, the connexion of the brain with

the spinal marrow. ltdg-spu neck-hair,

mane, of the horse, of the lion 1^1. - Glr.

lf<ig-ma what is uppermost, e.g. woid-

written over other words.

ojr- Itan 1. a bale of goods, carried on^ one side of a beast of burden, half

a load, Itan ynyis two bales, or a whole

load. - 2. also tieit, W.: through, quite

through, *pi-sta-ne nd/'t - /<t Ita/'t fit dug*

one sees from the outside into the interior;

*ltan bug ton* bore through! *ltait fin,

ca dug* he is passing through, he does

not make a stay here. -- Cf. t>i.

..% ltdd-mo, col. also *ltdn-ino*, re- p.

yzigs-mo, the looking on, a sight

scene, spectacle, Itdd-mn-lu Ofxogx they

came together in order to look on Glr. ;

ltdd-mo ltd-ba to look at a scene, to be

an eye-witness; ltdd-mo Ifd-bui s<i a place

where there is something to be seen: a

theatre. -- Itdd-mo-kaii a playhouse, ex-

hibition, puppet-show etc. --ltdtl-mo-pa

Pth., *ltdil-Hto-ltti-wi*. *lt<id-i

lili-lll bltd,./w(.), or rthHIIl', with regardt.o me, 11.8 for me, fur my !luke Glr.; r;!lill'l'II-lliam~-111 MM'-llill as fltl· ll~ the othersnre coucenled, wilh regnrd to the othenlGb·. -

II. sbsl. 1. the act of looking, beholding,v. I, 1.2.; ltd-b« yllli.~ili circums[lflCI.Glr.- :!. contemplation (mystical) \.. $[Iom-paI, t. - 3. (~) opinion, doctrine, theory,philosophical system, school (in Tille!all Il

n!rb, cC. rtOys_pa II), ritig_pm· ltd-llU thetheory of perpelUl\\ dumtion (of clIrtlJlythings); lilin-pal· ltli-ha l\ fnlse opinion, _ita-ldg.

Compo ita - 711/lI.l- [Xl a spy, scout. itll7lyill h!Jlt.!-pa to spy, to explore, Y. 1I!lMba. - ltao-$tdti., reSII. r::i!l-5tdli. [>tIl. thelook, or ml\nDer of looking, "ir, mien, ZI·bai lta-.i/ili. a mild look, or CQuntenauce,£4.; Ib·o-bai lta-.td'is n.n nngl)' or fiercelook C•. ; esp. the m~ical and powerfullook of a s:tiot., ita-std,i. jig 'mJ::all-pa tocast such l\ magical look Mil.; itll-.td,afa bZilg....pa, ltao-$uili. -l..yi 1ititi ·llas 'd-mlAlit. to sit, or stride along, witb such alook, i.e. witll great solemnit}' of uepor~

menl, as of oue in a trnncej lta-ltd,i.-!J;!ithe four magicnllooks, ,·i1..; .!lus....pai ltasUili. tile attrncting look, KrOd· pai itaI/tlti. the rellUlsive look, lI,/ili·hlli ltllo-$ullilthe precipitating look, r;;/I-pai fla-Itali.the p:lrol}'1.ing look C•. ; :llso .hi-gei, giti,ipo-Fei ita-sttins.J..Jji! r::itp-/Xl to look at npeCSQn with n lion's look, wilh lI.ll c1cplmnt'lllook. - ita-I6r;, in later lit. and col. MgIta, lalse sentimen~ oot only false doctrine,heresy, but noy irreligious impulses of themind, perverse 4Ild sinful thoughts, c g.ltJg-ita sl.:.yl!-Ie is used for ooospiriug :lgRinstn person"l life Glr., gi\·iog way to ,louLtor weakoess of faith Glr., falling in lovewith a woman l'th.; ?IIi-la My-ita b!JCii-pa·to slll.Dller, to aLuse a person Glr.

~~r~~ l/Ilg.lhlt puff·ball S&

~:::r:.j./tdg.p«1. the buck Illlrtof the neck,nape Med. anu elsewh., fr'l. - 2. the

upper part or place, gl'dl-[l!Ji of thQ d)"au,

217

thl' Sf'&t of houour D:l. - 3. the back.!l'"i - fill!! the bnck of a knife. - 4. itt'!}

#og.$f/!Jltr-bll to tun. ursidp. ,10,,·1t Ihf.;llu!!-nll(~), ita!!, above, IIj6-ltl'9 ahofe th/·door, gro,i.itag dgtJll"}HI Mil. the COIl\·Clltabo ...e und l.ebind the village, tIle fron~

side of the hou~ lIcing gen. turned to.wards the ...alley nnu the rivcr; tllll., 'behilld' is equivtllellt to 'higllCr ul"; ltdglla-1,iid-pa (of rare o<:curreneo) for blu,Ia-"ltd-pa the highest, ~"""; fl<I!J rk6/·ba to strangle, to sufTocate Glf.j ftll!! rMd}III l. C,. to cut ofT a man's neck, tobehead. 2. w: to IOnke n. Ilersoo e1l1mgehis minu, to niter Ilis senliulents; -lit r6fa gyOy - pa tllg cad yin- I hope I ~hall

talk him out of it., shAll dissunde him fromdoing it; /tag 71yal..b11 10 lie bnckWllrtl &/,.

Compo ltdg - 11)0 the bnck - d"or of II

house, v. above. - ltay-reM or -COd I. de·capitation/ 2. &1,.: changeable, fickle/ inconstant /tug-ev Mf!(i.; ScJ..: 'sinew of theIICck, the covering of the neek'. - ftay_mdtid Sell., ltag-sJUd lA., thc bole in ~he

occillllt, tIle eonnuion of tile !lrnin wiLbtbe sJlioul mnrrow. - ltu9-1pll llcck-h:lir,mane, of ~he borse, of llle lioo IA. - Gir.- lidg-ma wbat is uPllel·most., e.g. woroswritlen over other words.r.:'t'". lim. I. a bale of goods, carried on~... one side or a ueast of uurdeu, hnlfn IOIlI], lta,; myi, two bll.les, or II wholeload. - 2. nlso lte,;, IV.: through, quitethrough, -fJi-.ta-1U· 1la,i ·111 ltll'; fo,; lINg·one sees froln the outsiuc into tile interior;-/ta,i bug ton· bore through! -fiait fUll-itea d'lfI' he is passing tlll'Qugh, he doe..,;;not make Il stay hcre. - cr. toit.r;J-.;r ltdll-mo, 001. Rlso ~ltt;'l-mo-, r~l'.

.,i r::fgl- fifO, the loolung 011, a S1ghLStelle, spectacle, ltdtl. -111(/ -lll .'IOg' theycame together ill order to look on Glr.;ltdll-lifO ltli-bu to look At II scene, to bean cye-wilDess; ltdd-III() llll-lMi ~l A!llllf:ewbecc t!Jecc is solDetlling to be seen; II

theAtre. - Utili-lIIe-fia,; a 1,llL)'houSoe, exlJibitioll, IluPl1et-show etc. - It'HI_I~Ja

>r1'nJtdq-"'frl/-u.,,u", -/Md_flllri/l y(.';_J!<I//-

-q- itdb-pa

218

W., a spectator, a visitor; ltdd-mo-mk'an,

ltdd-mo ston-pa a showman, actor, mimic

etc. - -groit-yul-gyi ltdd-mo ma dran zig

Mil. forget the scenes of village life!

ltdb-pa, pf. bltabs, fut. bltab, imp.Itob (W. *ltabs ton*'), to fold or

gather up, to lay or put together, *k;jan-

tab, nt/i-tab tab-ce* W. to fold single, to

fold double; ysum-ltab byed-pa to fold or

bend together threefold, e.g. a corpse pre-vious to cremation

;ltdb - ma 6s. a fold,

crease, plait; Itab-gri a clasp knife.

J*ltdm(s)-pa, pf. bltams, fut.

bltam, 1. to be full, also ytdms-

pa. --2. resp. to be born, skyed-pai yobdan bltdms-pai yum the father by whomone is begotten, and the mother by whomone is born Pth.

ojx-Itar 1. also bltar, supine of ltd-ba,

in order to see; bltdr-run-ba visible;

Sck.: 'pleasing to the eye'; gan ltdr-na

yan, ci ltdr-na yan, be that as it mayGlr. -- 2. postp. c. a., like, as, after the

manner of, ri-ltar like a mountain; pyag

byed-pa Itar byed-pa to make a saluting

gesture Glr.; no-ses run mi ses-pa Itar

byas although they knew . .., they affected

not to know... Mil.; Jbral mi pod -paItar yod-na yan being like one that cannot

part with, = being scarcely able to part

with, Glr.;

Itar sndn - ba to appear like,

hence prob. Itar -sndn appearance, simi-

larity Sch., (Lex. w.e.); lun-bstan-pa Itar

(to do a thing) in conformity with a pre-diction Tar.; also ltdr-na, and ltdr -

du,

mi-lo ltdr-na . . . yod computed by humanor terrestrial years it amounts to ... Thgy. ;

bod-rnams ltdr-na according to Tibetan

(sources) Tar.; ci-ltar(-nd) how? in what

manner or way? ci-ltar also serves to

paraphrase the English 'so that', e.g. 'he

played so that all were enraptured' is thus

expressed : he played how did he play?-

all were enraptured; yi-ltar(-nd) as ji-lta

)i-ltar . . . de-lta de-ltar Sambh. even as ...

so; Odi-ltar, de-ltar(-nd) so, thus, in that

manner; Odi-ltar mi rgan k'yod such an

old fellow as you are; frq. also in referring

*; Iten

to the words of others, where we use 'that' :

de-ltar bden-na if that is true.

Itdr-ltar-po Lex., Cs. : of a liquid

nature, as an embryo first in

the womb.

ojxr Itas prognostic, omen, more distinctive

snd-ltas; miraculous sign, miracle, pro-

digy, more accurately: no-mfsdr-bai Itas;

bkra-sis-pai Itas a propitious omen; rmi-

Itas bzdn-po a good sign in a dream Pth.;

dge-ltas a favourable sign; ndn-ltds, or

Itas - nan a bad sign Dzl. ; ltds - mttan a

soothsayer, fortune-teller; Itas ston-pa to

soothsay 6s.

CV CS

fjS*^' Iti-ri pitcher Sck.

Itig-fun C. a person of small stature,

perh. a corruption of Ite-fun.

Itib-pa to fall through Sch.

Itir-ba v. Idir-ba.

cxr'n' ltun-ba 1. vb., pf. Ihun, to fall, to

>3 fall off, down, into; fig.: mto-ba de

yan mfar Ihun-no what is high will finally

fall down Dzl.;more esp. to fall into sin,

to commit sin, hence nyes-ltun an actual

sin, a sinful deed, Itun-byed a transgression,

crime; also ndn-son-du (v. Ogro-ba I, 5),

or dmydl - bar to fall into damnation.

2. sbst. the fall, esp. the moral fall, Itun-

bas (/os-pa polluted by sin; ltun-ba bsdgs-

pa confession of sin.

oj-q-lte-ba 1. navel-string, umbilical cord,

^ycod -pa to cut it Med. --2. navel,

Ite-bai Jemi(bu) Lt. id.; gld-bai lte-ba musk-

bag. 3. the middle of a thing, centre,

dkyil-Jior-yyi of a circle; mu-Kyud ysum-

gyi lie-bar in the middle of three (con-

centric) circles Lt.\ ran-fdg-gi lte-ba the

axle-tree of a water-wheel Glr.; sai lte-ba

the centre of the earth, in the opinion of

the natives: Tibet; also cognomen of se-

veral fabulous kings of Tibet Kopp. IT., 52.

- lte-ba yzun-rdn Lhasa, or, in a more

special sense, the palace of the Dalai Lama-

Ite-fug W.=*ticf-fun* C.

Qjr--Iten 1. v. Itan. 2. Iten-rgyds n. of

^ a Buddha.

218

lV., a spectator, II visitor; ltdd-mo-ml:an,lttid-mo ttOJl-pa a showman, actor, mimicetc. - Oroil-yul-!I!Ii ltM-lIIo ma dran bgMil. forget the s<:cnes of village life!l?J~'!r ltdb-pa, pf. blJ.ubs, fut. bltab, imp.') Itch (lV. -ltabs tOIl·), 10 lold orgather up, to lay or put together, -k:;witab, 11.~i-tllb tab-l:~ W: to fold single, Ul

fold double; [SUm-llab b!JM-pa to fold orbend together threefold, e.g. II corpse previous to cremation; lido -1IIa U. a lold.crease, plait; ltab-gri n clasp knife.1fe.t(~'.:.r lMm(3) - pa, pr. bltamt, fut.

Miuln, 1. to be lull, also rtdlnt<pa. - 2. resp. to be born, sklld-pui yahduN. bUJIm-pai yuill the father by whomone is begotten, and the mother by whomone is bocn PtIJ.~~ ltal' 1. also bifal", supine of It<< _ba,

in order to see; blllir-I'U/i-ba \;siblc;Sci.,: 'Illclliling to the eye'; g(Il' ltar-lia!lmi, Ci lfar-?Ia ymj, be that as it ma),Gil'. - i. postp. c. a., like, as, aftcr themanner of, ri·lfar like a mountain; pya[lbyid-pa ltar byed-pa to make a 6l11utinggesture Glr.; ,10 - Ae;, "ui 'IIli U8-pa ltarbyas although tbey kuew ..., the)- affectednot to know. Mil.; ,,""al 'IIli l,6d - paUUI' yOd-na yUli being like one that cannotpart with, = being scarcely able to p(ll1.with, Glr.; liar 8na,. -ba to appear like,hence prob. ltar-malt appearance, similarit)' Sell., (Lt~. w.e.); lU,j-b;tan-pa ltar(to do a thing) in conformity witll a prediction Tar.; also ltar-na, and ltdr - du,1IIi-lo ltar-tiu . .. yad computed by humanor terrestrial years it amounts to ... Th!JY.;bdd-rnam8 ltur-na aecording to Tibetan(sources) Tar.; i:i-ltar(-na) how? in whatmo.nner or way? Ci -ltar also serves toparallhrMc the English 'so that', c.g. 'belJbyed so tbat ult weTe enraptured' is thusexpressed: he played -how did he pluy?all were enraptured; )(-ltar(-na) Il8 )i-lta)f-ltar ... rM-lta Jt..ltar Sa7llhh. evec as ...so; "di-lIar, Jt..ltm'(_na) so, thus, in thatmaoner; "df -ltar mi rgan li./jod such anold fellow as you are; frq. also in referring

~I::: lten

to the words of others, where we use 'that':de-ltar lJdhl-lla if that is truo.r;;~Y'~:;;'?r ltdr-ltar_po Lu., u.: of a liquid., ., "'l nature, as an embryo first in

the womb.8J~ ltas prognostic, omen, more distinctive., Slia-lta8; miraculous sign, miracle, prodigy, more accurately: 'iO-m(8ar-bai ltas;bb'a-Us-pai Itas a propitious omen; r7lli

ltaJl (;za,j-po a. good sign in a dream Ptli.;dgl-ltU8 n fuvourable sign; iuill-ltUs, 01'

lia8 ->ian a bad sigu D::/.; ltds - mfan l\

soothsayer, fortune-teller; lta8 81&n-pa tosootb&'\y £'3.

~.~. lli_ri pitcher Sell.

~~.flt=.' lt0-((ui C, a pers.on of small stature,") " perh. n corruptIOn of lre-(,lti.

~.:r'r ltib-pa to fall through &J,.~

r~:::.:.:r lUr-ba Y. ld(l'-bu.

gr',::r lill,j-ba l. vb., pf. lAU/i, to fall, 10~~ fall off, down, into; fig.: 1Ilfd-ba de!Jail 1/1(11' lM,i-,io what is high will finallyfall down D::l.; more esl" to fall into sin,to commit sin, hence lI,l/es-ltUJj an actualllin, a sinful deed, llJiti-byed 0. transgression,crime; also 'idll-80li-du (Y. o!}ro-ba J, 5),or dmyJl - bar to fall into damnation. 2. sbst. the fall, esp. the mornl fall, It'IHIxn !J03-pa polluted by sin; ltiai-ba !Aagspa confe&lion of sin.~.::::r lte-ba 1. navel-string, umbilical cord,., r-eM -pa to cut it !lied. - 2. navel,lte-bai .l.'lili(bu) Lt. id.; ylJ-bai ltl-ba muskbag. - 3. the middle of a thing, centre,dk!Jil-J/or-!JlJi of a circl<l; mu-f!Jud rtlimgyi ltl-bar in the middle of three (conceotric) circles Lt.; 1'wi-(dg-gi lte-ba theaxle-tree of a water-wheel Gl,..; 8ai lte-hathe centre of the cartb, in the opinion ofthe nati\'es; Tibet; also cognomen of se·,"erol fnbulous kings of 'fibet Kopp. II., il2.- ltl-ba r:uli-ralj Lhasa, or, io a morespecial SOllse, the palace of the Dailli Lama- lre-(ug IV: _ -tig-(un- C.rirt::. ltdl I. v. ltali. - 2. ltt,i-l'gyJs n. of.,-' a Buddha.

it.-,;-/., i

*

*t-</6n

j'Ittii-ka pool, pond />:/.

Itt'b-jia (cog. to (tab-pa), to double

down, to turn in. ////", <>r ,s///-j0 to

hem, by turning iu the edge, cf. sne-mo.

ojr*- /'"/>-/./.'/"" humour, whim, caprice,

3 Itern-n/ydn />//<:

</-j><ito be whim-

sical or capricious 6s.

qjyrq' llein-pa the state of being full, e.g.

a vessel full ofwater; full, overflowing,

lt^m-po full; Item-Item so full that it runs

over.

Ito, seldom It6-ba (6'., Mil.) 1. food,

victuals, lto(b)za-ba 1. to eat, fo //u/i

?na 20s he did not eat anything Glr.;

2.

to gain or get one's living 6'.; faoWa byin

give him to eat! Lt; lug -la Ito ster feed

the sheep; Ito yyo-ba to prepare food Mil.;

*to nyo srog fson* C. he risks his life iu

order to procure food; gla-lto wages and

food; Ito-y6s, Ito-rgydb, food and clothes

Mil.; Ito -rgyab

-skyid Lex. prob. food,

clothes, and good health (comfort); *dha

to-ce za gyu yin* C. now I will go and

eat (something).--

Ito-cu/t, Ito-rdn Sc/t.:

a person temperate in eating. lto- dun-

tan an epicure, parasite, sponger.- - Lto-

zin provision ground which a person re-

ceives for his subsistence. zim-lto-can

dainty- mouthed, lickerish. - 2. goat's

beard, Tragopogon, used as a kitchen-

vegetable.

lto-ba belly, stomach; also the belly

of a bottle; lto-ba ad-la Obebs-pa to

prostrate one's self.

Comp. Ito-yd/i a full belly, also: with

a full belly or stomach. It6- gro, Itds-

Qgr6 [. moving or creeping on the belly,

a worm, a snake. 2. symb. num.: 8. -

Ito(-ba)- ffr6g(-pa) C's.: 'belly-fretting, a

nervous excitement of the belly'. Ito-

stwi with an empty stomach, jejune, empty.- Ito-ldir belly of a vessel, Ito-ldir-can

swelling out, bellied, like vessels. -- Ito-

na-ba, Ito-zug stomach-ache. --^''-o/'.'A'

crawling or creeping on the belly, a snake;

lto- pye cen-po, *{f^^^l,a fabulous monster

of the serpent kind, similar to the klu.

Itog-O dre a demon

Itiiij* |irob. thr .Sinn.-

/f"!/*-/" 1 J - vl) - ! to be hungry,

Itoyx-xo I am hungn <'*., /f<></*-su

Obdr-ba to sufiFer a person to hunger, to

starve Dzl. 2. -SW/.: to regret, ////* ./.i/

ma byeb do not always lie in grief and

regret! Sc/i. (?); It6gs-par bziuj-pa reup.to be full of regret.

II. sb.st. hunger.

III. adj. hungry, tu'ms-i-un lf<>t/x-pa~rnam*

Dzl.; It6gs-par ^yitr-ba to grow hungry;

Itogs-yri Mil

,col. *ltog

- /-/* \V. hunger,

*na(-la) ltog-n rag* 1 am hungry, */

(-la) U6g- n rag* you are hungry, *Ko

ltog-pa yod* he is hungry. Itog*-

/>//''</

hunger (i.e. poverty) and wealth Glr. -

Itog-teor the feeling of hunger, Itogs -twr

ce I am very hungry Mil.

Mh-ga notch, incision, indentation.

mdd - Itoii the notch in an arrow;

a depression, ri -ton in a ridge of moun-

tains, la-toii the indentation of a mountain-

pass.

Itoits summit Mil., frq.

Itob v. ltdb-pa.

Itor, sras'ltdr a bastard prince Glr.

Itos ]. v. Ita-ba. 2. Sc/t.=jtos.

ltos-pa 1. vb.,= ltd-ba, to look ut,

on, or to, ccd., ynyen -po-la ma

Itos - par without looking to a spiritual

guide Tluji/.', ktfod de-la Itos mi dgo*-pa

zig yin you need not care for that Mil.\

re" - zin Itos - pa Glr. to look at (a thing)

hopefully; di'-la ltu*-na if I look at, con-

sider, this Mil., if one compares this with...

Thyy.', %s)nd -Itos ci-inu/tf) tadn-ma W-

kan* W. a person acting with great cir-

cumspection 2. sbst. the looking at or

on, ltos-pa med-pur without looking at it

(e.g. in playing at dice); relation, respect

regard Cs.

sta-gon preparation, arrangement

sta-gon bi/tkl- pa to niak* prepa-

rations, to prepare, arrange, tit out: Of$6-

~·tTJ· lthi-!,"

~'t:.·tTJ· /tJiI.·/;n pool, pond lJ:l.

~.:t'.q.ltN>-pa (cog. to ltdb-lHl), to doubledown, to turn in, m(I', 01" ,,114"0 to

1lcm, hy turning in the edge, cf. IlIlt-IIW.

~~'iil~' ltn/j.o,:q!lu,i humour, Whim, caprice,~ ;) lteP'Hg.'PM byM-'H' to lie whimsicll! 01' e...pricious (,',.~~'.q' ltl'/ll-pa the stute of tJciug full, o.g.., Il \'esselfull of .....ntel; full, overflowing,fMm'1HJ full; Item-item so full tbat it runsover.f lto, seMolu lto-ba (C., Mil.) 1. food,

victuals, lto(b)za-ba 1. to eat, Ito !JI/lj

m(1 .:OJ be did not ent llD}'thing Glr.; 2.to gain or get one's living C.; itQ.-II( bllillRive him to eat! Lt.; My-la Ito Itet' feedthe sheep; Ito ryd-ba to prepare food Jlil.;-to 11!JO "'Of! 60';- U. he risks Ilis life iuorder to procure food; gla-lto wages andfood; Ito_yol, lto-''!IYdh, food aud clotlles,.Ifil.; lt~ - '!lyab - sk!Jid 1..eJ:. !>rob. food,clothes, nnd good health (comfort); -eMat6-c~ :1.1 yyu yin- C. now I \dll go lindeat (something). - lto-Clui, lto-,.dn Scll.::\ person temlJerate ill e'lting. - ItO-"dllllcan an epicure, parasite, sponger. - ito;;i,; provision ground which II pcrson receives for his subsisrence. - =irti-lio-i:alldllinty- mouthed, liekeris1J. - 2. gearsbeard, Tragopogon, used as It kitchenvegemble.f.::r IM-ba belly, stomach; also lhe Lelly

of a boule; Itd-ba su-la "beW·J!a toprostrnte one's self.

Compo lto-Yliii a full belly, also: with1\ full b'!lly 01' stomnch. - Ito -"fI"O, ltdIJ..091'0 I. moving or creeping 011 the belly,a worm, a snake. ? symb. num.: 8. lte( ·ba)-cYI-og( -1'a) C•• : 'belly-freuing, II.

ner...ous excitement of the belly'. - ltfJ-.8to.i with nll empty stomach, jejune, empty.- lw-ldir belly of a vossel, 1t6·1dir~an

swelling out, bellied, like vessels. - ltdflu-bo, It6-;:ug stomach·ache. - 110-ePytcrawling or ereepiug on the belly, Il. snake;lto-"plJt It''-jHJ,~, II. fl\bulous monsterof the serpent kinJ, ~imilar to ~b~ ~'b

21.

?-(~~. Itog-_llri a demon SrA.; _llrfIMg. I'rob. till! mlue.

f9'~·:.r It&y. -1'" I. "b. 1. te be hungry.Itdy-o 1 am hUllgr)' C,., [tOy..."

"biJ,...ba to suITer II Ilerstlll to hunger, 10stllfl'e D:l. - 2. !:kit.: te regret, It(}{.!' n.yal1/111 b.'Jtb do not always lie ill grief IIl1dregret! &1,. (t); Itdg....]HU' M"g'·]Ht re.>1l.to be full of regret..

II. sbst. hunger.111. lI{lj. hungry, lb'I$..(·an ItOg'-]HJ.'7I/n".

lJ:l.; ltOfp-/Hli' o9yur-ba to gl'Ow IJungl'}';ItJgs - gri Mil, col. -ltlig - I"" IV. hUIl~r,

-,ja(-la) lt6lj-ri 1Ylfl I IUD lJungry, oJ!!JOll(-Itt) lt6g-ri raf! you n.re hungry, -/foltOfNHI .YO«- he is hungry. - ftog. - P''1';yhunger (i.e. po\·el1.y) lind y,'uhiJ GIl'. ltOfj-l$dl' the feeling of hunger, ltogt._{rorce I nUl ...ery llUngry MiLfe·t!']· Itdn-gll notCh, incision, indentation,

lIIdd· Iton the notch in an arroW";a depression, ri - ton in a ridge of 1ll0uuw.ins, la-tdli the indoutllltion of n mOlllltl'linpllSS.~

r;r-:.~. Ito';, summit Mil., frq

~~. Nob ". IMlJ..pa.

fr..· ltQl', mu·/fo,· :1 ul\stanl prince Gb'.

~. 1108 I. .... ita-ba. 2. &11. _ Jtoa.

?;J:.~·=r ItQs'1/U 1. ,·h., - ltli..ba, to look nl,., on, or to, ccd., rll.~n-lJ()·lll frill

ltds - 1'"1' without looking to II. "j,iritnlllgllitle TIlgy.; J!.'fOd de-/n /tQII tIli dY(/II-Jfflzig !lill you need not C/lTe for that Mil.;I'e - ziti. ltdB -1)11 GIl'. to look I\t (a thing)1I0pefulln Ill-la ltdB-lIlt if I look Ill, COIlsiner, tllis Mil., if one compares tllia 'A·itb ...'l'lJ-giJ.; -C'),id-ltos 'H-i'ug(t) bd... ·Hltl MIlall- W. l"I person lICting with great circumspection - i. shst. the leoking at oron, lidl-po lIIM.Jlar without looking .t it(e.g. in pla}·jug at dice); relation, respec~

regard ( •.u?lfi .ta· gOO preparation, atTanllement,'5 ,ta -!JOn byM· 1XJ to make prepa~lill.lJb "?; P"l1':IfC, l\mmge, lit out; _'w-

220*

sta-zur sti-ba

bai sta-gon-la bzens he rose to make pre-

parations for dinner Mil.

W-M- sta-zur hip, hip-bone, e.g. as the

seat of strength AM ;sta-zur yan-

cdd from the hip upward Dzl.

sta-n' W!? originally sta-gri Mil. and

6'., sta-rv? 5., axe, hatchet; dgrd-stabattle-axe Lex.

; star-ltdg Cs. the back of

an axe or hatchet, star -TmV? the hole for

putting the handle in, star-yu the handle,

star-so the edge of an axe.

stag 1. tiger, rgya-stdg the Bengal

tiger Mil.', stag-prug a young tiger,

stdg-mo a tigress; stag-fsdn a tiger's den;

sta<7-m the stripes of a tiger's skin.

2. Tar. 166, 2?

xjcn-xxr stag-cds Mil. utensils carried bymen about them, such as a knife,

smoking-implements, weapons etc.

stag -pa birch -tree; stag -ma n. of

another tree.

*tag-yzig a not unfrequent form

(which prob. has been adaptedto Tibetan etymology) for ta-zig , Persia,

Persian.

stag-sa a medicinal herb, Glr.,

Med.; stag-sa-de-ba Glr.

stag-sdr a youth, young man C.,

Mil.

r stan-zil Cs.: n. of a black stone,

ace. to Zam. a silver-ore.

stans, Sch. also stdn-Ka, manner,

style, posture, gom-pai stans .manner

of walking, gait; brdeg- stans byed-pa to

assume a fighting posture Mil.', ltd-stans

v. ltd-ba comp.; ston-pai bzugs- stans the

sitting posture of Buddha; C.: *fco gho-

ghgn-tan de-mo* his style of dressing is

fine, he is well dressed; *tdm-zer-tan Re-

pa* eloquent; even like a mere termination

for forming verbal substantives: *zd-tan*,

or *''fun-tan leg-mo* good eating, drinking.

stdd-pa, pf. and fut. bstad, imp.

stod, to put on, to lay on, rtd-la sga

to put the saddle on a horse, to saddle; rtd-

la Ogro-cas to load the baggage on a horse.

SJT-stan mat, carpet, esp. a carpet for

^

sitting on, also a cushion, resp. bzugs-

ydan; saddle-cloth; stan Odin-ba to spreada mat (on the ground), Ogebs-pa to lay

(a mat) on; *cu-stdn* swaddling-cloth W.;*bol-ten* mattress, *tul-ten* (lit. prul-stdri)a light travelling -mattress C.\ sometimes

substratum of any kind, also of hard ma-

terials, e.g. ytsub-stdn, btsab-stdn.

^n~ stab 1. v. rtab. 2. Sch. : stab stdns-

pa to suffer, to tolerate, to yield.

stab8 (c g- to fobs, also syn. of stans),

mode, manner, way, measure, sen-gei,

stabs -kyis (or su) Ogro-ba to walk in the

manner of a lion; gar-stabs v. gar', oppor-

tunity, Jbyon-stabs an opportunity forgoing;*tdbs-si Kd-na* (also *Kd-ne, or Jcd-la*) W.

when an opportunity offers; rins-stabs-su

hastily, speedily Mil.; *kon-stabs* dearth,

famine, want Ld.;*rm-stabs* a describing

at full length, copiousness (stabs, in this in-

stance, corresponds to the English termi-

nation 'ness', changing the adj. into an

abstract noun).

^^' star, for sta-ri q.v.

stdr-ka Sch.., stdr-ga Lex., stdr-Ka

Glr., walnut, star-(gai) sin, Ijon-sin

stdr-Ka walnut-tree Glr.; star-skogs nut-

shell; star - sdon trunk of a walnut-tree.

stdr-ka byed-pa Ld.-Glr. Schl. f. 15, b (?).

stdr-ba, pf. and fut. bstar, imp. stor,

1. to file on a string, e.g. pearls; to

tie fast, to fasten to, e.g. sheep to a rope,

in a bivouac, star-la rgyud-pa id. 2. to

clean, to polish Lex' 3. Sch.: to ornament,

decorate (?).

r stdr-bu, or star-zitn Med., frq., the

berries of Hippophae rharanoides,

a shrub or tree very frequent in Tibet;

ace. to a Lex. also a kind of Rumex in

India.

sti-ba, pf- bstis, fut. bsti, imp. stis,

1. to rest, to repose, to refresh one's

self, sti-(bai) ynas resting-place.-- 2. to

honour (?); (b)sti-stdn honour, respect, rever-

ence, byed-pa ccd., to show a person

honour, frq.; *K6-la ti-tdn can med* W.

he is not esteemed at all, he enjoys no

credit whatever; bkur-sti id., v. bkur-ba.

220

bai 8to-907/-1« [,:':-li8 he roso to make preparations for dinner Mil.'Va~: stu· z'ti hip, hip. bone, e. g. as the

soat of strength Mil.; std-;UI" yaneM from the hip upward D::l.~.~. sta-ri IV, originally Ma-g', Mil. and., C., 8t~rl n., axe, hatchet; Ilgni.-8ta

battle-axe w.; stm·-ltdg 01. tbe !mck ofan axe or hatchet, 8Ia,--1IIi9 thE' hole forputting the hundle in, s(w'-yu the Ilandle,8lal'-86 tlie cdge of an axe.~. stag 1. tiger, '!lYu - sid!! the Bengal

• tiger Mil.; 8t(J.g'J~Nifl a young tiger,stag-mo a tigress; stag-(sdn a tiger's den;stag-ris the stripes of a tiger's skin.2. '1'a,.. 166, 2~

It'=Jl''~~ stag-Us Mil. utensils carried by';! mOD about them, sucb as n knife,smoking-impl<'ments, weulwos etc.~::rrtr stdg-pa birth.tree; sfu!J-mn n. of.,1 another tree.~'~=!f stag-rzig a not unfrequent fOrlll

., -1 (which prob. has been adal,tedto Tibetan etymology) for la-zig, Persia,Persian.~+r stUfJ-';a 11 medicinal herb, Glr,., -1 Med.; .stag.Ja-dNJa GIl'.

~.n.::.: stUfJ - Jdr a youth, young man C.,., -1 • I Mil.

If;JC.~..f sta,i-zll (L n. of a IJlack stone,., ace. to Zam. a silver-ore.~~. stUlis, &h. also stlili _ ~la, manner,

style, posture, gom·pai slm;, mUllnerof wo.lking, gnit; fmllg-stUl;' 6yM-pa toassume n fighting jlosture Mil. j ltd-fitmisv. ltd-ba comp.; ston-pai Qzugs-staris thesitting posture of Buddha; C.: .fg ghf;gl,rtn-tUli ai-ma" his style of dressing isfine, he is well dressed; "tdm-ur-tan ~i

pa'" eloqucnt; even like a mere terminationfor forming verbal substantives: "zd-tmi",or "tun-tUli ltg-mo· good eating, drinking.~~\'r stdd - pa, pl. and fut. 6stad, imp.

stod, to put on, to lay on, rtd-la sgato put the saddle on a horse, to saddle; I·tdla "grd-ifas to lotld the baggage on a horse.~ stan mat, carpet, esp. a cRtpet for" I sitting on, 1I1s0 a cushion

jrt~r. b?:Ugs-

L f U

rdan; saddle-cloth; stan odhl-ba to spreadII mat (on the ground), o!lebs - pa to lay(11. mat) on; ·Cu-stdn" swaddling-cloth lV.;"bot-tin" mattress, ·{ul-tin" (lit.. p'rul-st<in)11. light travelling-mattress C.; sometimessubstratum of an)' kind, also of bard materials, e.g. ,tsub-sttin, b/$a/Ntdn.~-.::r stab 1. v. rtab. - 2. Sell.: stab std,i.-

pa to sulIer, to tolerate, to yield.

l'-'~~' stabs (cog. to tabs, also 5),1l. of stalls),0; mode, manner, way, measure, sin"fjei

sMbs-J.:yis (or au) o!Ir6-ba to walk in themaoner of a lion; gal'-8lribs v. gal'; oppor·tunity, obyon-stabs an opportunity for going;·I6OO-$i ffd-lla" (also "~J-nt, or I.:J-la") W:wben 1111 opportunity offers; ,·ilia-slabt.-au)llIstil)', speedily iIIil.; "kQ-n-alaba" dellrtL,famine, want La.; -rln-4Jtabs" a describingatfuU length, copiousness (.taba, in this instance, corresponds to the Englisb termi·nation 'ness', ehanging tbe adj. iuto nnabstract noun).

.1'j". star, for sla-ri q.v.,~::'.'TJ. slJr-ka Sell., stU.r-ga l..l'~., lIt,ir'-~'a

., Glr., walnut, star-(gUl) Aili, Odn-8i1istli,··/ta walnut-tree Gfl'.; stal'-a!o:Ogs nutsbell; sta,' - st[Q,i trunk of a walnut - tree.•tJI'-ka byedfa J.d.:GlI'. ScM. f. 15, b (?).V:;:'f' stdr.bu, pf. and fut. bstal', imp. stor,., 1. to file on a string, e.g. pearls; to

tie fast, to fasten to, e.g. sheep to 1\ rope,in n bivouac, stU.r-la I'fJ!Jud-pa id. - 2. toclean, to polish LeJ:: - 3. Sell.: to ornament,decorate(?).~-'=r stdr-bu, or star-zu7I Me/i., frq., the.,-..~ berries of Hippophae rhaumoides,a shrub or tree very frequent in Tibet;DCC. to a Lu. also a kind of Ituwex inIndil!.~r.::r sn-bu, pf. bstis, fut. OOti, imp. stis,'5 1. to rest, 10 repose, to refresh one'sself, sfi-(bai) rnas resting-place. - 2. tohonour(?); (h)sti-st'"i honour, respect, rever·ence, b!JM - pa ced., to sbow ll- personhonour, frq.; ·Il.i-la ti-tdn can 1J11X1· Iv.he is not esteemed Ilt all, he enjoys nocredit whnte,·er; bHr_sti id" \'. Mio·-bu.

._..,,.

Int. /w//j, imp.

N////.S, to rebuke, scold, abuse Law,S ' /'^CS ) "/"' t() "fl'1 -' 1

'

(sa<-riiice),

rarely u>'d.

*' bstims, fut. >8</w, imp.

.s/V///.s, pro]), vb. causative to m-/f, gen. =/////-//, to enter, penetrate,

pervade, to be absorbed in, ft^/s cos-ny/<l-

//// kli'n'i-iln xfi/ii I't/i. the soul is absorbed

in the expanse of the cos-nyid.

w stu cunnus, orifice of the vagina, the

>3, vulg. and obscene expression for the

pudendum inuliebre.

5JZ7V\TY^r *tuy(s)-pa 1. abstract noun and

adj., thickness, density, thick;

xf/i</s-po adj.,=

Ofity-pa, Ofuy-po, thick,

dense, e.g. a forest, Dzl; sound, heavy

(sleep, clouds etc.); dpal-stuys right noble,

most noble Cs.] stugs-po-bkod-pa l*th. one

of the heavens of Buddha, - - 2. a wind,

flatulence 6'.

stuh-ba, pf. bstu/is, fut. bstuti, imp.

stuns = rtv-ii-ba.

stud-pa, pf. and fut. bstud, to repeat,

to reiterate, to give or offer repeatedly

(medicine, food, beer etc.), bstud -na if

it is repeated Mitg.', sbrid-pa mdn-postitd-cin ^on repeated sneezing ensues Lt.;

bstud-nas nd-ba to be always ill Sch.;

cf.

btud-mar.

5H'J" stun -pa, pf. and fut. bstun, prop.

>2 causative to Ofun-pa, gen.=

Ofun-

jt), to agree, dg&-ba bcu-la bstun-pai ryyal-

KHms a law agreeing with the ten virtues

Glr. ; Odod-y6n lha dan stun-pai lons-spyoda life of pleasure in accordance with the

five enjoyments Glr.; dus-skdbs dan stun-

/< agreeably to the (proper) time, in due

time Glr.; itai ziit nno-ba jli ilaii xtini-

pai myur-ma a song having reference to

this my labour in the fields Mil.; yzu/i <l<tit

sti'tn-/> Lt-.r., r.s. ; 'to confer, to make agreewith the original text'.

stub -pa, or stc-pa, 1A., for btt'tb-

pa, yt-pa.M- ste an affix for the gerund, inst. of te,

after </, /i, and vowels, v. te. -- Asste contains the copula, it may be added

in utlirr \\inl> than verbs, e.g./

//V/.s </'-:/// niiii-lni-Hte as you are of highand noMr cxti actinn /);/.; like

it is also used for namely, to wit, videlicet

(vix.), that is to say, esp. li.-iW,- tran>-

lations of foreign words and names: ki~

ra-ste myo-bo zc>s-bi/<i-/>

After an enumeration of several things,

it serves to point back, or to comprise:

%a, za, a, ya, sa, sd-ste druy-ni the six

letters z, z etc.; ysum nd-rok-;ji-<ju grth-

bu-ste three signs, o, i, and e Glr., Tar.

188, 16; dd-ste zay bdun-na as to the being

now, in seven days, i.e. in seven days from

to-day Dzl.; sometimes ste seems to stand

in the place of a preceding verb, /

Introd. 73, s.l.c.;

at other times it is u-i-d.

where its exact meaning is not obvious.

w-Jf ste-po, or steu, carpenter's axe, adz,

an axe with its blade athwart thr

handle (Cs. : 'paring axe'), used by Indian

and Tibetan carpenters, Hind. Imsula, ste-

ltdy its back, ste-yii its handle, st?.-K

its edge, though in S.g. 32 ste-Ka so-ynyi&-

pa it must be the name of the tool it>flt.

ste bzoy yton-ba to pare, to smooth,

to hew with the axe. - -*pdg-ste* W. a

plane.

ttcgs, also stfys-bu, any contrivance

for putting things on, a stand, board.

table, Stool etc. ; kd -steys the pedestal or

base of a pillar Cs.; rkdn-stegs foot- stool,

jack, horse (wooden frame with legs):

*kyo/i-stag* W. candlestick; *c6s-xt";/:

t<l'- W., book-stand; Oduy-steys a board,

stool, bench, to sit on C's.; *d<> -!'/* C. a

stone-seat, whether artificial or natural:

snod-steys Cs. 'a board to put \r !- <>n :

por-steys a cupboard' >. : *}'- stay* W. a

bench; zdbs-steys resp. for /Xvf/i-xfcy.s; *1

tey* C. candlestick; fzuy-stegs a board to

place things on Cs. ; .-*/-.s/.v/s dining-table

Schr.; ysol-stcys id rosp., and table in

general, col. *W-/w/*: ldm-*t-ii*^-i\\. n--ting-

jdace by the road-side Glr.; *on-tty*< .

candlestick.

''l;,'.:r ,(;,,-/)a, Ilf. betiiM, fut. blti;', imp.'tili~, to rebuke, scold, abuse Lu~.

~'=:1(~·.:r ,tib(')-I'll to oncl' (~Ilcrilice),5 nll'ely used.~~·.:r .tim-pa, pro betiml, ful. Intill~ imp.

.tinM, Ilrop. ~b. CAUSlI.til'c to o(im11/1, gen. 12 o(illl-pa, to enter, penetrate,ptrVade, to be absorbed in, (t/fP WNlyidkyi Hdn-illl .tim HI,. the »oul is Ilusol'uCl1ill lhe exprmsc of Ihe ~-n!!;d.

~. INt cunllus, orifice of the vnginn, the~ vulg. nnd obscene expression for the(lullcmlulU lUulicbre.59(~·:.r .tlff.')-~t 1. nustrnct:loun ~nd"'V ndj., thickness, density, thick;.11l!!• • po tUlj., = of",- 1m, o{u9 - 1'0, thick,dense, e.g. l\ forest, D::.l.; sound, heavy(~Icep, clouds ete.)j (lpIII.rlll!!. right noble,mo"t noble C•. ; rlllf/8-pQ-bk6d-pu PlIt. oneof tile heavens of Buddha. - 2. a wind,tbtuleneo C.~'t:.'~' 3tu,j-6«, pf. V31111is, fut IMII1,i, imp.:3 8tllli, - ,·tri,i-bu.

5~'~' ,tud-pa, pL lind ful. bsllUl, to repeat,..... to reiterate, to give or offer repNl.tcdly(medicine, food, beer etc.), b3tlid· na ifit is repeatett M"9'; .brid· va ma,i - 1)(J,tfJd-i:!',j ~ou repented snee7.iog ensue~ Lt.;bMlid-Il(ll mi·ba to be ah\'l\)'s ill Sclc.: cf.btlid-mal'.~~~. Mlin - pa, pf. nUll fut. ~IUIl, prop;..... cnusntive to oflill-pa, gen. = ofIi11·pa, to agree, d!!c.ba beli-iil b3tlill1'Cli ''!I:Jui.J!"jIll3 a Inw ngrccing with tile ten virtuesGl,..; odo<l-yQ" Ma dwi ,tMI-paj {OIiNJp!llxla life of pleasure in acconlnnec witlt tllefive enjoyments Gil'.; IJ1~abs dwi ,tUnIe agreeubly to the (proper) time, in duetime Gil'.; liui zi,i nllo - loa iii dll1i ,t,ittpili ",yur-",a (l SODg having reference tothis lI'y Illoour in the fieltls Mil.; yzuti (la,;atlln-pli 1A',z., u.: 'to confer, to nmke ngreewith the origillal text'.~:r.:.r ,lrib - pll, or Mc_pa, l.d., for b/rib-..... }la, }'t~ptl.

ir ,Ie an aflh: for tile gerund, iust. of If,

., "fter!/l ,i, and \'owels, Y. Ie. - As3te eoutnins tbe copuln, it rna". hO "dd~(l

lliso to other wurtls tlu,n ver", e,g. J:!fJ'1"IVS U ..:i,; mf,J.[,a-l/e .14 you 1Y'e uf highlind 1I0ble extrllction D:l.; liktl _11i.ltll-lltllit is nbo used for namely, to wit, ~idelicet

(viz.), thlll is to say, c_jl. before ttlUiSo

lations of foreign word, lIud II_Illes: ilra.ate 1IIgJ.J.>o ~t.-b!lli.[,a 1'111'. 11, II; .f, II ;189, 2 lind ell;C'I\·h. In the llltter CAllC itmlty nlso be rewlcred lJy or (I.:lt. .j~).

After nn enuml'rMion of se\'cral uJill81l.,it serves to point Lack, or to comprise:~(l, :11, a, !la, Ja, ,u·!ti/ dl'lf!J. tli the sixJetter!> :, z etc.; )'111111 nri·ro k,p-rJu !lniJbtt·atc three signs, 0, i, nud e Gil'., 1'111'.188, 16; dll-.tc zag 'xltill_na as to the heiug110....., in se\'cn days, i.e. in se"en dll)'s fromto-dAY D::l.; sometimes ate seems to l>tnndin the place of l\ prccOOiug verb, PeerI/ltl'od. 73, s.l.e.; nt other times it is lI~cd,

where its exact menning is not obvious.~.'f ,iC.po, or !tCII, cArpellter's axe, adz,., nn axe with ils blade 1\thwnrt. thehundle (Ls.: 'pnrillg nxe'), used by India.1Iand TibetAu carpenters, /lind. bas'illl, ate-ltdy its bl&Ck, ,Ieoy!'. its handle, ,te./!(j L•.its edge, though in S.y. 3:l aM..!!a lJO-J"i!Ji.pa it must be the name of the tool iL~lf.

- Mc b~ rtdli - va to lillre, to ~lIlootb,

to hew with the axe. - -jJuy••tc- W. II

plane.~"f al{VJI, n.lso StNJI-lm, I\IIY eontrinnce., for Iluttillg things on, a stand, board,table, stool cte.; J:1i· attga the pcdc=otlll orbnse of l\ pillar 0:,; rkilli -.I"!J'1 foot· stool,ja.ck, horse (wooden fnlme with IcJ.;s);-ky(Jli-atay· W: candlestick; -CdHlny; i!~

III!!' W:, OOOk.StllUd; o(lu!I.'tl'!la 11. board.stool, bench, to sit on L'.; -rl(J - t<'g- C. •stone-sent, whether Milici",1 or lIatu""l;tffUJd.atl'fja G. 'a bonrd to put \'e~:;cls ,)n';PO''-Sw)I' Il cupbollrd (~.; -]fd - &1"9- 11': IILcllcll; :dbs~lt'tfl resp. for d,·II';..,ll'I'p; -ZYN

te;l C, cl\odbtiek; )·z"!I.atl"[j' II board topll\Ce things on (',.; :(i-~t"'.p diniDg-tnLle&1..·.; rWl.81l'!J' ill re~II" and table illgenenil,col. -MJl-tf;';/: IdHl'~tl'I,P ~ellt, re~lillg.

plnce b}' the rOlld-=oide Glr.; -~,; - tl'fJ- G:cnnillt•.tieb ft

222

sten

sten that which is above, the upper part,

top, surface, sai steii fams-cdd the

whole face of the earth Glr.; sen-moi sten-

gi sa the earth here upon my finger nail

Dzl; sten-gi ndm-mfta the heavens above

Dzl.;

sten, -gi pyogs the zenith; sten-^og

above and below, steii-^6g-gi ydon demons

of the upper and lower regions; steit-na

adv. and postp. : above, overhead, on high,

up-stairs, on the surface, answering to the

question where or in what place; sten-du

adv. and postp. 1. id., answering to the

question whither, to what place, but also

where or in what place, e.g. to sit on a

lotos, to throw down to the ground, to

send a thing or a messenger to a person

Dzl., frq. 2. above, over, moreover, besides,

in addition to, rgds-pai sten-du in addition

to my old age Dzl.; byds-pai sten-du he

made it and besides... Dzl. ; bdag cos-la

mi mos-pa med-pai sten-du bon rdn-la mos

I am not only no despiser of religion, but

a regular Bon-worshipper Mil.;

sten - nas

down from. steh-ka (W. *tdti-ka*), also

sten-tse a terrace. -- sten-Kan upper story

of a house, garret. *sten - dun* (?) W.

pestle, pounder.

sten-pa, pf. and fut bsten, imp. sten,

to keep, to hold; to adhere to, to stick

to, to rely or depend on, almost like rten-

pa, but c. accus., bld-ma mJcds-pa sten-pa

to adhere to a learned Lama; to stick or

keep to certain victuals, medicines etc., using

them regularly, frq.; even sdug-bshdl to

have to taste misfortunes Thgij.; to addict

one's self (to virtues or vices), ser-sna to

avarice Stg. ;mi sten-pa

= spdn-ba to avoid,

shun, abstain from Glr.; Cs. also: yyog

sten-pa to keep a servant in pay.

stem-pa, pf. and fut. stems (= sten-

pa?), to hold, to support Mil. nt.;to

Shut or fasten a door, to secure it by a beam

or bar. C.

stems curse (?) Tar. 181,20. Cf.

byad.

steu v. ste-po.

ster-ba, pf. and fut. bster, ccdp.

1. to give B., C., frq.; to bestow,

T ston-pa

present, grant, concede, allow; with the

supine or root of a verb: to let, permit,

ndh-du Ogro(r}, ndn-du ^.on-du to let enter

to grant admission Dzl. 2. W. in a

special sense: to give to eat or to drink,

to feed (infants, animals). 3. to add (in

arithmetic) Wdk. *ter-go* aid, contri-

bution 6'.

stes-dban Lex., where stans-legs

is added for explanation; in Tar.

134,7 stes-dban-gis is translated by Schf. :

power of fate.

r sto-fag rope Sch.

sto-ba, most frq. in the col. phrasecan mi sto it does not matter, it

makes no difference, it is all the same

(also can mi rtog); Mil.: si run mi sto-

ba Odug it does not matter if they die;

si

yan ci sto-ste what does it matter if they

die?

sto-ra W., a circle of dancers.

jr- ston 1. thousand, ston-prdg id., ston-

prag-brgyd-pa (the work) containing

ten thousand (viz. Sloka) Kopp. II, 272;

Burn. I, 462. --ston-dpon a commander

over a thousand; ston- /cor-lo a wheel with

a thousand spokes ;las stotl byed Med. that

is a remedy producing a thousand good

effects. - 2. a fine for manslaughter, to be

paid in money or goods to the relatives

of the person killed; ce-cun-gi ston byed-

pa Glr., to proportion this fine to the rank

of the man killed. 3. v. ston-pa.

"

ston-grogs v. stotis-pa.

.ston-pa (35*9) empty, clear, Kdb-kyi

rtse-mo tsam yzugs-pai sa ston-pa

about so much clear space, as to allow

the point of a needle to be stuck in Dzl.;

hollow, not charged or loaded (of a gun);

not written upon, blank; indifferent, having

no distinct or definite quality, e.g. as to

taste or smell; rlun-yi raii-bltin ni ston

mod-kyi though wind (or air) in itself is

without smell Dzl.; waste, deserted, brag-

stoh a rocky desert,

lun - ston a desolate

~. sien

~. sien that which is above, the upper par~

.,- top, surface, sai steli ((11113 - cdd tilewhole face: of the enrth Gir.; tJtn..moi ~tbi·

gi sa the earth bere upon my finger nailDzl.; stbl-gi 7ldm.'/nlfa the helH'ens aboveDd.; stbi-f/i p!J09S lhe ?enil,h; swi·Agnbove and below, ste,i- .6<;-9i t,iM demonsof the Up(ler and lower regions; ~ti,i-na

adv. and postp.: l\bO\"e, overbeull, on higl.,up.stairs, on the surfnce, answering to lbcquestion where or in whM place; 3lbi·dund\'. and postp. l. id, nnswerin~ to tbequestion whitber, to willi! plnce, bu~ :llsowhere or in whl't place, e.g. to sit on alotos, to throw down to t1lC ground, tosend a thing or a messenger to a per80nD::l., frq. 2.aho'·e, over, morCO\'er, b~ides,io nddition to, rgds.pai swfi-du in ndditionto myoId al;e Dzl.; byds-pai 3tiJi-du hemnde it aud besides ... D::I.; bdag cda·lami mda'pa mM.p«i 3lbi-du lxm rdli·la 11103

I nm not only no despiser of religion, buta regular Bon.worshipper Mil.; stbi - nasdown from. - sMli-l.a (IV. -td,i.la-), alsostbi-tu a terrace. - sMJi·g(lIi upper storyof a. house, gorrel.. - -ste,i· dun-(?) W.pestle, pounder.~:r slbi-pa, £If. nnd fut wlen, imp. slen,

to keep, to hold; to adhere to, to slickto, to rely or depend on, almost like f·tbipa, but c. necus., bld--ma 1Il/Ms-pa sthl-pato adhere to a leul"Ded Lama; to stick orkeell to certain \'ietuuls, medicinesete., u~ingthem regularly, frq.; even wflg - bstidl tohuve to taste misfortunes TI,/!.'}.; to addictone's self (to virtues or vices), ur-sna to

aVluice Stg.; mi stbi-pa _ sp(iIl-ha to avoid,slJUn, abstnin from Gb·.; Cs. also: 1Mstht.pa to keep a servant in pay.~r:r 3tim_pa, pf. and fut. stems (- sten., ]XI ?), to hold, to support Mil. nt.; toshut or fasten fl. door, to secure it by II. beamor bar. C.~~~. stenl'l curse m Tar. 181,20. Cf.

vfJad.m' Situ v. ste-po.,~ -~.'.::r stir.ba, pc. aud fut. Uster, ccdp.

...... I. to give B., C., frq.; to bestow"

~..q' st6Ji-pa

present, grant, concede, allow; with thesupine or' root of n verb: to let, penni!,nUll-du c9''O(I')' mj,i·du ..o,i-du to let enterto grtlnt admission Dd. - 2. lV. in aspceinl sense: to give to cat or to drink,to feed (infants, animals). - 3. to add (innritbmetic) lVdk. - *Ur - go- aid, contri·bution C.

~~".qc' I!tcs-dhmi Le~., where stwis-levs., '1 is added for expbnntion; iu Tm·.134,7 3tCl!-dvwi-gis is tmllslated by Self:power of fate.

f.5fll· sto--(ag rope &h.

f.q· sto.-va, most frq. in the col. phraso(Jan 'III; sto it does not Ulntter, it

makes no difference, it is all :IIC saIne(also cali tIIi ,.tog); .Mil.: Ai "W; mi ItOb", odll!J it does not matter if they die; ii!laJi Ci stO·Sie what does it mattcr if theydie?

~.:::(?) stQ-ra lV., a circle of dnncers.

~I:: sto,j L thousand, sto,i.jnYig id., slo,i·5" Jirug.&rgyd.pa (lbe work) containingten thouSfWd (vi?. Sloka) K(;pp. n, 272;lJllI7I. I, 462. - stt!ti.dpcn a commanderover a thousand; s!.oli-iNI1'-lo a wheel witha thousand spokes; l<ffl stOll byetl MM. tbntis a remedy producing n thousl\Od goodeffects. - 2. a fine for manslaughter, t(l bepaid in money or goods to tlle relativesof tile person killed; ee..cun-gi ston b1JCd.pa Gb·., to proportion this fine to the rankof the man killed. - 3. v. suM-pa.

~c:::~ stoil-grOgs v. stQil3-Pa.

~':r stdJi-pa (~) empty, clear, Ildb-k!Jiruc.lIIt) tsam ),zufjs.pai sa. std,; -pa

about so much clear spoce, as to allowthe point of a needle to be stuck in Dzl.;hollow, not chnrged or loaded (of tJ, gun);not wrilten 0llon, blank; indifferent, havingno distinct or dcfinite quality, e.g. as totaste or smell; -rU"j - gi rali - b;in ni 3foJimOd.1.-yi though wind (or air) ill itself iswiUlOut smell Dzl.; waste, deserted, bray- .st6i, a rock)' desert, [un· stoli 1\ desolate

\ alley .I///.: *;</" - xttii'i* /,<!., *dom-at6n*

/'///.. hare-lmttomed, having the bottom

I -are, vulg.; *nii toii-pa* W., = *mi kyah*,v. ////<///-/'(/; knit - xtoii a desolate house,

u- a place suitable tor enchantments; fig.

to/i -I'd r</* W. I feel lonely.

-

<t-Hiiiil. *jTO7T emptiness, vacuity, the

void, the chief product of the philosophical

^peculations of the Buddhists, and the aim

and end of all their aspirations, v. Kopp. I,

J14; Burn. 1,442; 462. (Five synonymsv. Tiny. f. 20). ston - zdd - la skycl

- ba to

squander, to waste, fse one's life MiL\ston-satt-ne absolute vacuity, ston-sau-iic

byds-nas making tabula rasa, keeping, re-

taining nothing whatever Thyy.- - ston-

/><// v. ysal-po. Adv. ston-par in vain(?)

Mil.

J" ston-zil(?) W. Corydalis me'ifolia.

st6ns-pa 1.pf. bstans (Dzl.~), fut.

/*v/i(?), to accompany, *tofi-te

do-wa* ('. to go along with a person; cis

kyah mi stdns-par Oci I die without any

thing following me Thyy.; more frq. ston-

grogs bycd-pa ccgp. (also dat?) to help, to

assist a person Mil. -- 2. to make empty;

to be empty, to become waste or desolate,

i'dn-yi ynas stniis-sift S.g., ran-sul sto/ts-nas

Mil., your own place becoming desolate;

stdns-su nye-bar yyur it had become nearly

empty, was almost spent or exhausted Pih. :

mis sto/is-pai Kdii-ro ruins forsaken by men;

tafa-rgyds-fcyu stom-pa Thyy. the period

during which no Buddha appears, a mi-

Kom-pa v. K6m-pa', sa-yzir stdns-pa to level

with the ground, to raze, to demolish

entirely.

-stod, Ssk. ^rTT, 1. the upper, higher,

former part of a thing, the upper half

opp. to smad; 1. esp. the upper part of

the body, resp. sku-stod Pth. ; stod-fcdfj the

upper part of a carcase Sch., also at(></-/i<>

Mil.; stod-Kyebs a sort of frill or ruffle of

the Lamas; stod-^ydy doublet of the Lama-,

without sleeves; stod- fun a short coat,

jacket. 2. the upper or higher part of

a country, stod-pa an inhabitant of it, high-

lander. 3. \\itlii--|..-i-i

to time: the fin!

part, nt'tlif iii^lit />;/., (!' life ^///-.. u|' \\iutfr

and the like; *t<'></-ltt at the upper part of,

above.

II. v. sfwl-jxi, and stdd-pa.

xt<i<l -pa 1. vb., pf. and fut. bttod

('to raise, to exalt', opp. to tmdd-

pa) to praise, commend, laud, /*%-''*/-/'",

W. *rd>i-tod-ci'*,

to praise one's self, V-tod-can* a self-admirer, self-flatterer: to

extol, to glorify, men, gods etc., frq.; fex/-

(rV/i>) bnays-pa id.; stotl-fsfg an epithet of

praise, a commendable quality. 2. sbst.

praise, eulogy, also *tod-ra* W.\ compli-

ments, complimentary phrases e.g. in letters;

hymn of praise, also ttod-btMgttstod-

dbydns, stod-glu; stdd-pa(r} bytd-pa, W.

^pul-ce*, ccd. (the former also c. accus.)

to praise, to extol; stod-^os laudable, com-

mendable, worthy of praise.

r- ston 1. autumn (more about it v. dus\' ' ston bi-yya mfdn - bar gyur cig mayhe live to see a hundred autumns! Lt. -

2. in autumn, during autumn B., frq.-

3. = ston- fog.

Comp. ston-ka, ston-Ka, autumn, *ston-

ka-na, ston -ka- la* in autumn, during

autumn. ston-fog autumnal fruit, harvest,

ston-fog sdu-ba(W. also *doy-ce*} to gather

in the produce of the fields, to harvr>t.

- ston-dus harvest-time, autumn, - ston-

zld autumnal month.

ston-pa I. vb., pf. and fat. As/an,

at the end of a sentence bstdn-no

(so prob. also in Dzl. ?,IQ the correct

reading), W. *(*)fM-<V*, 1. to show. Inm

*tdn-tig B., *(}tdn toil* W., *ten roy .//"'

sty* C. show me the way! stdn-tnk:<m &g

yod somebody has shown Gl>'.\ In'i-mo sgo

.s/1

"'// - inlcan the girl that has shown the

door Mil., mfsdn-mk'an-la bit *f<'>n-pa to

show the soothsayer a child Dzl.: lu* stdn~

pa, applied to deities etc. : to show one's

self, to appear />:/. ; r,/zu-^rvl stdn-pa to

show, to exhibit magic tricks, v. rrfzw;

dmdy-fm ;iin-no zes bstdn-t< 'I hi- i> the

bridegroom!' with these wortls showing-

i. e. introducing him as the bridegroom

yalley Mil.; '~lUi - ,td,,' Llf., 'dQJII - ,tem'}\Ir., lJllre-llOtt<lmetl, IIIII-ing the !.lottaulmll'C', ,'ulg.; ""i tOli-jJlI' IV., - '1IIi kya,i',Y. rk!Jwi "l'aj ~'II,j - .10,. a dcsoltUe house,ns " pl"ce suitable I...... enchnntments; fig.'~m /lM-pa /'ay' lV. 1 feel lonely. .to,j·pa.'l'lid. YJ..~' emptiness, vacuily, thevoid, tile chief product of the J!J.il(}~orlhicl\1

SI'CCullllions of the Buddllisti<. :lnd the nimhod cOIl of nil their nSllirfttions, If. Kopp. I,214; /JlfI1l. 1,442; 462. (five synonyms\'. '1',-;!!. f. 20). .Id,; - ::Iid - la d:yll- ba tosqunndcr, to \\'l\SI.e, (u one's life .Mil.;•toli-llmi-Ill! Absolute \'llcuity, s!lM -soli· lie

b!ll/!-naa rnllking t"bub. rasA, keeping, ret.nining nothing whnlc\'er Til!!!!. - MonJ'sul v. ~al-po. - Ad\". •to,i-par in Y:l.in(?)Mil.

,'t.'~r:J' .toli-::il(?) w: Corydalis melfolil\.

~~'.:r ,td,;a-pa l. pf. bstmi' (Dd.), fut.., bstwi(?), to accompany, ·td,i - ie(ltJ-/t'a· C. to go nlong with a person; culywi mi ,M,;'-pal' oN I die without noything following me Th!!!}.; more frq. 'tOti!!'y)(.!' h!Jid-pa ccgp. (n1so dnt.?) to help, toassist n persall Mil. - 2. to make empty;to be empty, to become waste or desolate,l'liti-yi )71a& ,to,i,-Uti S'9., Tati-jUi ,tOt;,-1l/U

Mil., your own place becoming desolate;•td,iNU lI~bo.r Y!Jw' it bad become nearlyempty, wns nlmostspcnt or exhausted 1'111.;mu ,id,i'-plli ~'d,i-l'o l'uios forsnkcn by men;.ali3-rg!JO'-J.-yu MQ';'-l'a T/IY!J· the pcriod<luring which. no Buddha al'pcars, a mi~'om-pa v. ~'olll-pa; ,a-,:Ir ,to,i,-I'" to levelwith the ground, to mr-e, to demolishentirely.

i<.if.. ,too, &1;.~, ]. the upper, higher,1)1 former part of n thing, the upper hatlopp. to 'mad; I. e~p. the uPller Plitt. ofthe body, re~p. d.,I-aMd PUI.; .1Ol1-fdg theuppel' part of It Cl\rCl\se &11., l\1~0 ,tM-poMil.; ,tod-fytbs II. sort of frill or ruffle ofthe ('Iunns; 'tod-.,yuy douhlet of the "limas,withollt loleeves; .tiXl- (Ii,; I\. short coat,jacket. - 2. the upper or higher pltrt ofa country, ,tM-pa lin inbnbitnolt4lit, high-

Illouder. - 3. \\itiJ re>.jleCtl.o time: the firstpart, uf the night J):l., uf life Glr., of 'l\ ill~r

lmd the like; ItM-lll lit the upper Il,,\rt of,:\l)(we.

II. v. '/tid-JI", Imll .tM-lN.l.if-':J' ,Mtl-lla 1. vb., pf. Ind fut. bft(}(l.,1 ('to raise, to e:tah', op". to _ill

1m) to praise, commend, laud, hdd!J...tcd-JI<I,W. ·rd,i_tOll-bt, to pmi~ une'H 8('lf, ·ra....liXl_ fall· 1I self-ndmirrr, seif-lilmerer; toedol, to glorify, mell, gods etc., frq.; .totl(fi,i) be';«g'-lill id.; ,IQll_(,fg 1111 epithet ofpnlise, I\. commendable qunlit),. - 2. IObst.praise, eulogy, also -u;d- ra- W; compliments, com[Jlimclltnry phrases e.g. in letters;bymn of pr:lise, also ,tiXl - bei";!!" doodhyan., 8tOtf-yfu; Md<l-pa(r) b:J&l.JHI, W.-pfll-Ct", eed. (tbe (onner llol~o c. OOCUiJ.)

to Ilmise, to eXl.ol; IIOtI-~o, laudable, commendable, worthy of praise.~. Mon 1. autumn (more Itoout it \'. Ju.\., ,Um br9Yu 1/1(0'; - bar gyNr i:iy m:1.Yh(\ live to see a hundred l\utuIDns! !,t. -2. in autumn, dUling lIutumn n., frq. -3. _ 'tOIl-(dg.

Compo ,tdn-~'a, ,Mn-J!a, autumn, ·Mdnka - 1IU, sum _ka· la· in- nuttlmu, duringautumn. - 8ta11-f6g autnmnal fruit, harvest,stan-(dg Mlu-lxl (n~ IIlw ·(ldg-i:?) to "utherin the produce of tbe fields, to Itltf\'est.- .toll-dlu harvest·time, autumn, - ,tonzId autumnal o'onth.ij".{":,r sidn-pa I. ",b., pf. nnd fut. bltan,.,-1 at the end of Ii llClltence bellin-ml(so prob. also in D:f. :P,IO the ("orrectreadinl;), lV. -(.)tdll-f?, 1. to show, lalttstdn-Cig IJ., ·(I)tlill to,,· W., ·1(11 I'O!! jlir$/1/ C. show me the Wl\Y! .tOn-mAra":'9y<J<-1 somebody hlls shown Gll'.; bU.-lltO-.J".M" _l/Il!all the girl tlll\l has sl,own tltedoor Mil., f/*C,dn-lIIJ.'clII-lt, btt .tdrt-/Ja toshow the sO()th~l\)'er ,. c1lild D:l_; Ill. ,1Il1I·pu, I\Plllied to deitieo; etc.: to ..how one',..elf, to appear 1J:l.; fll:u-Jirid Itdn--pa lOshow, 1.0 exhibit m"gic triclu, v. I~L-II;

dfjW!J-JHI !in-tw :-n "'ilill-lil 'this i$ Lhebridegroom!' with these words sllo"l'ing,i..Cl. Introduciog him ~ tllIl bridegroom

224

ston-mo ;"!' brtd-ba

,3. -- 2.=yt6d-pa, to face, to

front, to look towards, sgo lho-pyogs-su ston

the door faces the south Glr. 3. to point

out, to indicate, describe, explain, ce-ba the

greatness or superiority of a thing Mil.',

bu-mo skye bar Ogyur-bar ston -pa t/in it

indicates that a girl will be born Wdn.;

ci- dra zig (yocl) ston dgos give me a de-

scription of her person Glr.; bstdn-par byao

now I will explain that, frq.; ji-ltar byon-

pa bstdn -pai leu the chapter describing

the arrival; hence to teach, cos religion;

lun v. luh. 4. W. to make one undergo

or suffer, to inflict (just as *fon-ce* to suffer),

*mi-la nag ston -pa* to torture a person,

*dua-iidlston-pd!f

to plague, torment, grieve.- 5. W. as a vb. nt., to show one's self,

to appear, *'i-ru tdn-te yod* this appears

here, this turns up or occurs here.

II. sbst. a teacher, frq., lun-ston-pa a

prophet, v. lun; the ston-pa par excellence

is Buddha, frq.; ston-min, and tse-min two

false doctrines Glr. 92, 3. (the translation

given by Sch. is but an arbitrary one).

r ston-mo feast, banquet (v. also yd-

tra), ston-mo bzdn-po t cen-po, a

grand, splendid feast Dzl. ;som-pa to prepare,

arrange (a feast), byed-pa to give, hold,

celebrate it, also c. dat. in honour of;

ston-mo Odren-pa to serve it up Mil., <$yed-

pa to distribute the dishes, dmdns-kyi ston-

mo ^gyed-pa to distribute of the viands

of the table to the common people Mil.,

zd-ba to eat, or partake, of such a festive

entertainment Dzl.; ston-mo-ynan-sbyin a

present of meat, of provisions Glr.; dgd-

ston festive entertainment, frq. ;

rnd - bai

dgd-ston a feast or treat to one's ears Glr.;

cos- ston a religious feast Glr. (might be

used for agape, love-feast, feast of charity);

dus-ston a periodical festival, one connected

with certain times or periods Tar.; bdg-

ston wedding -feast, frq.; min-ston feast

given at the solemnity, when a name is

given to a child;rdb - ston a feast after

settling some important business Cs. ; btsds-

ston a feast given after the birth of a child;

fsogs-ston sacrificatory feast; ysid-ston

funeral feast.

stob-pa, pf.bstab (Cs. bstob), fut.

bstob Cs., imp. stob, (causative to

fob-pa?), to put into another's mouth, esp.

food, to feed; also applied to a mare that

shoves the grass to her foal Dzl.;ndn-

tan-gyis stob-pa to press a person to accept

of a dish etc. Dzl.; in a more general

sense: Idn-ste stan stob-par byed-pa rising

to offer one's own seat Stg. ;to make a

donation Dzl.', also capir. : yo-bydd fams-

cdd-kyis stob-pa to provide a person with

every thing within one's power Tar.

stdbs(-po~) strength, vigour, force,

frq. ;lus-stobs bodily, snyin-stobs

mental strength; ju-stobs digestive power

Med.; stobs-po ce of great physical strength

Dzl.; stobs-kyis by virtue, by means of;

stobs- Opel-nyams-brtds byed-pa strength-

ening, nourishing, of food Med.; stobs-can,

stobs-lddn, strong, robust; stobs- cun, stobs-

med, powerless, weak; the five powers of

a Buddha v. Burn. II, 430; Kopp. I, 436;

the ten powers v. dban bcu. -- stobs- cen

1. n. of a Lu-king, S.O. -- 2. rammer,

pile-driver, (or rdob-cen?) C.

. stor-ba to be lost, to perish, to go

astray, bu stor-ro a child has been

lost Dzl.;

lus dan srog (to lose) one's life

Dzl., sems one's senses, lam one's way

(also fig. to err from true religion Pth.y,

*tor ma cug* W. do not lose it, do not

drop it, carry it carefully; stor-sa med it

cannot be lost or antiquated Mil. stor-

Jcun for ytor-Kun drain, gutter Lex.

["' '

brt ... v. chiefly sub rt.

. brtd -ba, pf. brtas, Lex. : lus sems

brtas, explained by rgyds-pa, to

grow wide, to extend; gen. to grow stout,

esp. with nyams Dzl.; cf. also the ex-

pression for strengthening sab stobs (-po);

also rtas byed-pa Med.; fig. strong or great:

Ogyod-pa rtas the greatest, the sincerest

repentance Pth.; bag

-cac/s rtas - pa high

passion TJigy.

D:l.~ 3. - 2. -,1M. pa, to face, totr1lnt, to look towards, tgO l/I6-11P9-N Ito"the door faces the south Gir. - 3. to pointout, to indicate, describe, explain. U-IJa thegre"lness or superiority of a tbing Mil.;lJU·mo J:gi bar o!Jy{lr-bar 3ttJn-pa !fill itindicates tbn! n girl will lie born WI/Ii,;N••dra ~ifJ (yod) .tem (fa08 give me 11 d...!>Cription of her person Gtr.; lAtdn-pal' b!lllOnow J will exl)lniu thnt, frq.; )i-ltal' byM.}Xl be/an - pai leu the chapter describinf!:the nrrivlIl; hence to teach, 00, religion;lwi \', fuii. - 4. lV. to make one undergoor suffer, to inflict Gust Il8 0f&it.-Ct" 10 suirer),-,..i-fa ,lUg .ttm-pa· to 1onul1I n person,°dHlj-HdhltJn_pa· to IIIague, I.ormenl., grie,·c.- 5. 11'. AS It vb. nt., to show one's self,to appear, "i_ tdn-tt yod" this appearshere, tbis tums ulJ or occurs here.

ll. s"b6.t. a teacher, (rq., litti-«ton-pa aprophet, v. illn; the ,t(ht-pa pM e~celleDce

is Buddha, frq.; -.Ion-min, and tu-min Lwofalse Joctrines Glr. fit, 3. (the translationgi\'cn by &1,. is but nn arbitrnry one),~.~ Mon-lll() feast, banquet (Y. (llso yd;~ tm), ,tOn-1M bzli,i - po, Cfn-po, af::rllnd, splendid feMt Dz{. ;jdm-pa to prelltue,nrrnnge (a feMt), [,yM.-pa to give, hold,celebrate it, also ('~ dl\l, in honour of;51on-mo .,drin-pa 10 !em! it up MiL, <fI!IUpa. to dunribute the dishes, dmdli3-1:yi tI,;,,'"0 o!fYld-pa to distribute of the viandsof tbe table to the common people Mil.,:6.00 to eN., or partake, of such a festh'eeotertainment D:l.; ,tdn-1IIO-f1Iali.q;1I II

!Ireseot of meat) of provisions Glr.; dlJu.-•wn fesu\'e enU:rtainment, frq.; rnti - bai(Igd-.t<m a feast or t.reR~ to one's cal'S Glr.;co.-.tem a religious fcast Glr, (might beused for ngapi!, love-feast., fcast of charity);dli.-aton a periodical resth'nl, one connectedwith certain limes or periods Tar.; bUy.ton wedding-feast, frq.; min - I«on feastgiven at the solemnity, when a name isgh-en to l\ child; rUb -Ihm :l. fel\St afterseWing some important bu;;iness tA.; lAW51011 a feast gi\'en after tbe birth DCa child;

(Idga -I/.on s."'Crificawry fefll>t; tiki - M(J1tfuneral feast.~.::r.!:f ItiW - po, I,f. littJJ (u. bsJOO), fut.., btwh w., imp_ IIDb., (cau..."ft.li,·e to

fob-pa'f)) to put inlo another's mouth) esp.food, 10 Iced; alllO applied w a ware thatsho"e~ the gm~8 to her foal D::l.; minIUn-<JYM .tOb-pa. to press a person to neceptof Il. dish etc. Dd.; in ll. more general8CU!>C; lIiJl-<ltc Mun 'Idb-par byM.-pa rising10 offer one's own scat SI!J.; to make l~

Ilon:Jtion Dd.; alllO cl\pir.: yo-byrU (a»ll

rdd-J.-yi3 ,f&b..pa to provide tl per.lOD WilhcYCTy lhing wilhin one's power Tar.~V(26 ua.{-po) strength, vigour, foree,., frq.; l....wbI bodily, 8nyiil..uoo.mental strength; Jil-.lobt diget>u"e po"'erMtd.; .tP.po leo or great physical strf'tlgthD::I.; MObr - J.yi3 by "irtue, by means of;'too.-..jwl-nya",,-brtth byid-pa Stre1lgthening, nourislliDg, of food JIttl.; ¥tdbH.'an,.toba-lddn, strong, robust; .tol4·Citit, .tobefilM., powerless, weak; the fh'c po...·crs ofn Buddha v. /lUl'n. 11,430; Kopp, It 436;the ten powcrs v. dbllli beu. - afJJlJ8· clnJ. n. or n Lu-king, S.D. - 2. rammer,pile-driver, (or rdob-lhll) e~..q' ,tOr-be to be lost, to perish, 10 go.,. astray, bn tld,..10 a child hlUl beenlost D::I.; lru da;" .rog (to lose) one's lifeJ)::I., _ one's i;ensell, lam ooe's "..y(a\.:,o fig. to err froID lnie religion 1111.);-/or' mfJ tvff IV. do not IOI!C it, do DOt

drop it, carry it carefully; MOr--~ m«l itcauoot be I~t or antiquated lUil. - 8tOr(14n for yt6r-llllia (Irain, gutter Lu.

~~•.. ~- h' fl b rl""', IJrt • •• v. c Ie )" suo

.:::j~'.:::r brw - 00, pr. brl,", Lu,: lUI It'IIU} bI·tln, eXIIllline(! by T!JydJ-pa, to

grow wide, to extend; gen, 10 grow Itoll4C$I" with #.,,1111" D::l.; cr. ali30 the expression for strengthening sob MObli(-po);II.lso rial bytd-pa .MM.; 6g. strong or grell.t:o!I!Jdd- po rial lhe greate8t, 111e sincertfitrel>enlance 1'r1l.; bUg -lI1f1' rtm - 1'4 higbp_ion TluJ!J.

brtdy(s)-pa

)v. rMg-pa; as sbst.,

preceded by a genit., inquiry,

examination, /Sty., frq.; gen. c. accus. /////-

A//// />rtdg(s)-pa examination of dreams

/Sty.; rin-po-ce brtdg(s)-pa-la m/\'ds-pa con-

noisseur of precious stones Dzl.; brtdgs-pa

Tar. 21, 2.?

brtad a kind of imprecation, which

consists in hiding the image and nameof an enemy in the ground underneath an

idol, and imploring the deity to kill him;brtad jug-pa to perform that ceremonyMil.

brtad -pa \. Lex, = bid -bur new,recent 2. Sch. haste, speed, for

Hl>-i>a(>} (Tar. 180,2 it should prob. be

^tdd-na.)

CT&3Tr brtdn-pa adj. and abstract noun;

brtdn-po adj., firm, steadfast, safe;

firmness etc.; brtdn-par -/nds-pa, *tdn-

po ddd-ce* W., to last, hold out, abide,

continue, frq. ; brtdn-pa fob-pa to become

firm or durable (lit. to acquire firmness

or durability) Mil.; brtdn-par Oyyur-ba,

"tdn-po cd-ce* W. id.; brtdn-yyi skyid a

continued or abiding happiness Mil ; dban

brtan their strength is holding out, Med.;

brtdn-du juy-pa Glr.,*tdn-po cd-ce* W.,

to watch, keep , preserve carefully ;*tdn-

po /cur* W. carry it carefully or safely!

ddm-bcas-pa brtdn-par scs he knew his

word to be inviolable Dzl.; yi-dam-la

brtdn-pas because he firmly kept his word

Dzl.] dus brtdn-yyi bde-ba eternal welfare,

everlasting happiness Mil. (perh. this oughtto be ytari).

T brtdn-ma, or bstdn-ma, and bstdn-

pa-mo, n. of the goddess of the

earth, (also skoh-ma, yd -ma), used in

practising magic.-- brttd-ba 1. deportment, behaviour

Cs. 2. Sch. also diligence, pains-

taking (?). brtul-zugs, ^ I. Cs. manner,

way of acting. 2. Sch. and gen.: exercise

of penance, brtul-hiy* />i/,,l-j,a or

to perform such exercises, to do penance.3. penitent. brtul -

zuys- can penitent

(adj. and sbst)-- brtnl-r <'>,l- r ,i \. ,-t,d-

pdd-pa.

bstdn-ba v.std/'at-pa.

bstdn-pa 1 . v. stdn-pa. 2. sbst.

doctrine, a single doctrine, or awhole system of doctrines; *aiis-ryyd-kyi

bstdn-pa the doctrine or religion of Buddha,fub-bstdn, for fub-pai bshin-pa, id.; ynd*-

lugs bstdn-pa the doctrine of the positionof . . . Med.\ bstdn-pa ynyis with UrgyanPadma etc., the same as mdoi and &nd<j-

kyi lam, v. mdo extr. -- bstdn- gyur the

second great literary production of Bud-

dhism, containing comments on Kan-^yur,and scientific treatises (v. bka -

yyur in

bka) Kopp. II, 280. - - bstan-bi-os(in^Sf)

a scientific work. bstan - rtst's a chro-

nological work relative to the year of

Buddha's death. -- bstan -Odzin follower,

adherent of a doctrine, sans -ryyds -kyi

bstan-Qdzin Mil, Buddhist; also frq. used

as a noun personal. bstan -(b)sig col.

a destroyer of the doctrine, in general a

good-for-nothing fellow, a mischief-maker,an obnoxious person or thing.

-- bston-

sruii 1. a keeper, guardian of the doctrine;

perh. also = bstan- dzin. 2. keeper, warden,

guardian in general, lha-Kdn-yi bsttni-truHi

Ihd - sat bstan-sruri the tutelar goddess of

Lhasa, ace. to Glr. dpal-lhd-mo. 3. in

general the contrary to bstan-bsiy.

q^^' !>**"' supine of sti - ba; bstir - nted

'restlessness', one of the infernal

regions.

bstugs-pa to make lower, to lower

.

yb. v. sten-pa. '2. sbst.

,=

fn-tdn-pa Bhar.confidence, = f>rt<'>n-ji

!*5T bstod-pa v. stod-pa.

15

.q1=fJ(~r.:r brldg(.}pa, v. rt&j-I'(I; /I..i lbst.,preceded by /l. geniI., inquiry,

examination, St[l., frq.; gen. c. accns. rlllllam brtdg{.).pa cxnmiOlltion of drenmsSly.; ri""po'Ct bl'tdy(.).pu-la mlM.-pa connoisseur of precious stones lJ::I.; bl'td[l8-pab'yyud Tal". 21, 2.?.q"-' bl"tad It kind of imllfCcation, which

11 consists in biding the image nod nameof An enemy in tbe ground unJcrncl\lb nnidol, and imploring the Ileity to kill him;b,.trul Jli!J - pa to perform that ceremony.I1il.~"'~'=J' briM_pa I. Lu:.-bl6-blll' new,

., recenl. - 2. Sell. haste, speed, forI'tdb-l)(l(n (Tal'. 180, 2 it should prob. be~ tdd--na.)

~"~.q bl't{jn"]J<l ndl. nnd abstract noun;.1 bl'tUn.po adj., firm, slcadlast, safe;

firmness etc.; brfun - pa,. lfltU - pa, "tdnII(J ddd - U' W:, t.o last, hold out, abide,continue, frq,; bru.in-pa fJb..pa to becomefirm or dumble (lit. to acquire firmnessor durability) MiL.; brtll,; - pa" o!I!J1II'-ba,~tdn-po Cd-C? IV. id.; bl'tdn-$!Ji d:!Jid ncontinued or Ilbiding bappine$s Mil; dba,ibl·tan tbeir strength is holding out Med.;b,.tdn-du Jli$·pa Gfr., -tan_po ClHe- W:,to wnt,ch, keep, preserve carefully; -tdnpo ~'fI'. W. carry it cnrefully or safel}'!lldm-wat-pa brtdn-par in he knew hisword to ue inviolaUle Dzl.; 111 - (lalli-Lahrt(in-JXU bURnse he firmly kep~ his wordDzl.; (lla bl'Mn-Y!Ji Me-1m eternnl welfare,e\'erlnsting hnppiness Mil. (perb. this oURhtto be ftan). .~...~~. bl'fdn-ma, or bsMn-ma, lind bsldn-

., pa- mo, n. of the goddess of theeartll, (al~o .ton-ma, lId-'ma), used inprll.Ctising mngic.~~-.r.::r wtl;l- bn 1. deportment, behaviour

'" (,i. - 2, &/1. also diligence, painsulking(?). - b,.tu(.ZilfP, lfi't l. C•. manuel',W:i.y of ncting. 2. Sci,. and gen.; exercise

of penance, b,.lul-:u$' b!JId-pa or ~,ydtl-p«,

to Ilenorm such exerciSCll, to (10 penance.3. peni~nl. - ltrtul_ ;ll!l' - ~an penitent(adj. aud SbSl) - brM-lM-pa Y. rialIM-pa.

=:l5't::.::r ~IdJi-ba v, .tona-pa.

.:::r~~=r batan-pa I. v, stO""pa. - 2.•lIst.doctrine, a single doctrine, or a

whole sJstem of doctrines; ,uit,_ryyd.I_AyiIntan-po the doctrine or religion of Buddha,fllb-Ntlin, for rulJ..pai baldll-pa, iii.; 1'11a.iU!Js InMn_pa tbe doctrine of the positionof.,. Med.; Inllin-pa my;' with UrgyanPndma etc., the snme as mdoi Rod ,;,ag._l-yi lam, v. mdo extr. - b,Wx-of!!JUr tbesecond great liternry prCKIuction of Buddhism, conto.ining commenLS on Kan-o!!!lw',lind scientific treatises (\'. bka - 9yur inbka). KiiFP' II, 280. - Intan-bCo. (1l11$t)a sCIentIfic work. - Inum _11&i, A chro_nological work relati"e to the )'e:l.r ofBuddha's denth. - bJslan - od::in follo\l'er,udLerent of a lloctrine, &alis - r!J!Jda -IryiNtan-od..-in Mil., Buddhist; also frq. usedns 11 noun persoDll1. - batan - (b)jifJ col.II destro)"er of the doctrine, in general II

good-for-oothing fello....., " mischief-maker,nn o1lnozious person or tiling. - brtanAI'!i,i 1. a keeper, guardian of the doclrine;perh. also = !J8ta1j-odzln. 2. keeper, warden,guardian in general, lha-lld,;-gi brlan-srKn;1M - aai h.tan-min the tutelar goddc5S ofJ..basll, ace. to Gil'. _ dpal-lJIa-#IO. 3. ingenerAl the euntmry to b.tan-bii!J'

.q~''::'' bati,. supine of .ti - ba; batir-Inidl) 'restlessness', one of the inf"'nlal

regions..q~~~.f.:r batHg.-pa 10 make lower, to lower

'"' &11.(?).

=:l~ri~' lntln-pa I. \'11. v. •thl_pa. 2. slnt.., confidence, _ bd&l.-JXI B1I«I'.

.qf"t·~· bttOd-pa v• •tM-pa,

DIgitIzed hy \-fi~rosc.ft

226

fa-ma-fca

rr fa, the letter t aspirated, like the Eng-lish t in 'tea'.

n. fa 1. num. fig.: ten. --2. every thing,'

all, total M.(?).r* fa-skdr a certain star, fa-skdr-zla-

ba a month, prob. tfajTefi (April-

May); fa-skdr-gyi bu ^rf^Jwft twin half-

gods.'

fa-fcdb Lh. a large needle.

fd-ga-pa a weaver Dzl.

ercn* fa-gu, vulg. fi-gu, 1. a short cord or

>J rope. --2. string, twine, for making

garlands Sty.; a bell-rope Dzl.

fa-gru, originally fag-gru Pth., ex-

tension, width, breadth, Qdzam-bu-glin-

gi fa-gru kun-la Glr. in the whole extent

of Dzambuling; fa-gru ce-ba Pth. extensive.

fa-rgd * obtuse, rounded off Sch.

- 2. MiU*

fa-cdd very bad, mean Cs.

errr* f# - efww the last month of a season

(v. dus), e.g. dpyid-zla fa-cun the

last month of spring, opp. to rd-ba, (and

Obrm-po); the youngest of three or more

sons, opp. to rob (and Jbrin-po the middle

one).

crayr- fa-snydd 1. appellation, 0<?s fa-snydd-y^ du grags so it is called Wcfo.;

Tar. 96, 13; 178, 3; Was. (296): suppo-

sition; condition, fa-snydd-pai bden-pa con-

ditional truth. 3. Schr.: etymology, Cs.

only: part of grammar; so frq. used by

grammarians, e.g. fsig dan fa-snydd slob-

pa to learn spelling and etymology. 4.

In col. language I heard it used only for

talking or disputing in a conceited, foolish

manner, so also in Mil. Lex. in con-

formity with each of these significations

,from 3f^t| to distinguish, to

name;

to dispute.- -

ta-snyad-ycig-pa n.

of a school, of a system or doctrine Tar.;

fa-snyad-grub-pa n. of a literary work,

fa-ddd-pa different, various, sundry,

gen. opp. to ycig or ycig-pa; dgos-

pa fa-ddd-pa the various wants of a man

Dzl.; fa-mi-ddd-pa alike, equal.

err- fd-na even, so much as, up to, fd-na-'

srog-cdgs grog-sbur yan-cdd even the

smallest insect Stg.; fd-na yig-Jbru re-re

yan-cdd even every single letter Thgy.;at the close of an enumeration: finally also

Ld.-Glr. Schl. 20, 6.

'

fa-pi-fu-pi confusion, disorder Sch.

"

fd-pag v. fdr-dpag.

'

fd-ba (==fu-ba) bad Mil.

fd-ma the last of several things, with-11respect to number, time, rank, the

lowest, meanest, most interior, often opp.

to rob and Obrin. and also to feydd- par-

can; it appears somewhat singular, that

ycan-zdn-gyi fd-ma signifies a cat, and

Odab-cdgs-kyi fd-ma a hen Glr.; dus-kyi

fd-ma-la in the last times Glr., prob. also

alluding to the general decline taking place

towards the end of the Kalpa; sometimes

it is to be translated: in the last place,

finally, at last Glr., like fa-mar Dzl. q&, 11;

last = parting (parting-cup, parting-kiss);

for the last time: j'nyen-gyi fd-mas bskor

he sees his relations for the last time

around him, zds-kyi fd-ma za he eats for

the last time Thgy.; fd-ma-la c. genit. at

the end of, after. O prdd-pai fd-ma ni

Obral, yson-pai fa - ma ni ci - ba yin the

end of every meeting is parting, the end

of every living is dying.

fa-ma-Jca Cs., vulg. W. *fd-mag*,

tobacco, Qfun-ba, W. resp. *don-ce*

to smoke (tobacco).

226If fa

!f (4t the letter t aspirnted, like the English t in 'tea.'.

if (a I. Dum. fig.: ten. - 2. every Uling.al~ total &11. (?).

!f~ fa-.lkdr a certain alAr, fa-aJ:h-da-"1 . ba a month, penb. "'"~ (April

May); {a·al:dr-gyi 1M~ twin halfgOO,~ fa-foo LA. .. large needle.

~.er fa'"9G-pa a weaver D::I.

~ f4..gr1, ,·wg. fi-gw., 1. .3 short cord or..... rope. - 2. string, twine, for miling

~arIands &rI.; a bell-rope D:l.5P:f (a-!!"" origiol1ly fag_!!"" Prlt., ex·~ tension, widttl. breadth, .d::B1Il-bv-glili

gi ta.-grW kim.Ja Glr. in the whole ~dCDt

of Dzambuling; ("'1/rifli-JxJ Ptn. utcnsi,"e.

ifaf\' fa-rg6d 1. obtuse, rounded off &It..- 2..,MrU

!ifJ!~' (a--lad ,ery bad, mean Q.

!f~' fa -liJi the last month of a season(v. dIU), e.g. dpyifi-::la (a-lUri the

last month of spring, opp. to ,""-ba, (and.brili - po) i the youngest of three Of' lDoresons, opp. to rah (and obriH-po the middleoPe).~.~~. frwnydd 1. appellation, u, fa4uyrid

'1 du grag' so it ia called lVd/i.;Tar. 96, 13; 178, 3; IV"". (200): supposition; condition, (a-anydd-pai bdbt-pa conditional truth. - 3. $e/lf.: etymology,O.only: part of grammar; so frq. used bygrnmml\rians, e.g. (~jg dan fa...nydd ,lflbpa to learn spelling and etymology. 4.In col. langu!lf{e 1 heard it used only fortalking or disputing in a conceited, foolishmmlner, so also in Mil. - Lu. in conformity with ea.ch of these signifiCations- aq'UII", from CIA't to dililt.ingllis~l to

nnme; 10 dispute. - ta""!Jad-ri:ig--pa n.of a school, of a S)'stem or doctrine Tar.;(t,.,lIyad--gril.b-pa n. of l~ literal)' worksr---.:r fo.-dtid-pa diferent, variOIlS, $\lndry,

gen. opp. '-0 rb'fJ or ,.tfg-po.; dgd.pc fa·ddd-pa tbe varioo5 \~aDlS of a manD:l.; fa-frlli-ddd-pa alike, equ:1l.Sfey fd..,.a even, so much u, up to, (d·,.a-

.rog-cag. fJrog...bNf yalt-bid e\'en thesmallest insect Sig.; fd·.1t4 yiU-.brv~y"".ldd e,'en every single leloter T"~_;

at the close of nn enumeration: finally .tao1.A.-Gir. SeAl. 20, 6.

sr:r£r!t (a-pi-(it~' confusion, disonler Sd.~

Sf'Ff (d-pay v. (~PU9'

£r::r (d-lJa (- (u-ba) bad Mil.

Sf~' (a-wa the last of se\'eral things, withrespect to number, time, rank, Ihe

lowest, meanest, most inferior, often opp.to rah and obriit, and also to fydd· partau; it IIppean somewhat singular, tbatrtan-=dn-U!li (d·ma signifies II. cat, llnd.dab·NJg.·kyi fti-ma a ben Gir.; du.·kyifti-ma·la in the last times GIl'" prob. IlIIlOilluding to the ~ne",1 decline taking placetowards the end of the Kalpaj somcUmesit is to be translated: in the last platt,finally, at last Glr., like fti-maf Dzl. .:(.?, 11 j

last = parting (p&rting-(,'Up, parting-kiss);for the last time: J'1Iyffl-yyi fa·mas lWaJ,'he 800s his relations for the la~t timearound him, zd3.kfJi fU_7Ila za ho eats forthe last time T1IU9'; (a"",w·la c. genit. attbe end of, after. - .imid·pai fd-ma ni"ora/, r~rln - pai fa - ma ni Ci - ba !lill theend of every meeting is parting, the endof every living is dying.5f~"F fa-ma-ia G., \'ulg. IV. *fJ·'IW!/"

tobacco, .fun-bu., W: resp. ·Jdn-~to imoke (tobacco),

ta-mdl-pa

fa-mdl-pa (ta-mdl abbreviated

Imm fd-ma- /a) 1. mean, vulgar,

plebeian. f<i-/n<H-j><ir </'V/-/'" to live like

ih. Millar />/. -T 2. ordinary, usual. '/>-

nnil-fHi ma ijin that is no usual thing DzJ.;

<il adv. = pal-c&r.

fa-f&iy &ch. 'oath'; but in two pas-

sages of De/. cii fa-fsig can onlymean: 'what signifies?'

fa-ra-fo-rt W. wide asunder, wide,

*fa-ra-fo-re zdg-pa* C. to scatter,

to throw loosely about.

i' fa -ram 1. Sch. : 'the breadth of a

plain'. 2. a medicinal herb Med.,

in Lh. Plantago major.

fa-ru Tar. 20, 17, Schf.: 'the utmost

limits', or it may be a p. n.

- fa-li W.,

*fe-li* C.,Hind. *rf^lT> a

tin plate.

-W/i W. a sort of red cloth.

cr ncr fa ~ ***l Sch. : 'the end, the conse-

quence; bad'; Bhar.: skycs-bu fa-

Mi nyid Schf. : homo nequam, a good-for-

naught.

qw fag 1. sometimes for Ofag, 6r/r. 2.

distance a. relatively (prob. from fag-

pa measuring-cord, surveyor's chain) onlyin: tag-rih-ba adj. and abstract noun, fag-

rih(-po) adj., W. *fag-rin-(mojf

distant, a

great distance, sa fag-rin(i) a far country

Glr.\ with dan or las far from; fag-mi-rin-ba not far l*th.

; fag-rin(-pd)-nas from

afar, from a distance Thgy.; fag-nye-ba

near; proximity; W. adj. *fag-nye-mo* ; fagci-tsam how far? (,'s.; fag-yru v. fa-gm.b. absolutely, only with respect to time,

in: ma- fag but just, just now, gen. with

a verbal root, deb ma-fag yin-pa he that

has arrived just now Git:; snar food ma-

fdg-pa (the passages) that have been ex-

plained just now Gram.; as an adv. gen.

ma-tdg-tu, or only ma- fag, frq., e.g. fox

ma-fdg-tu as soon as he had heard; de

ma-fdg-tu directly, immediately, in W.

*ma-fog-fse* . 3. fag-fog v. fyg-fdg.-

4. fag-yc6d-pa v. fdg-pa I.

fag-fag, with *jfte'-pa* 6'., *co-ce*

knock, sgo at the door.

fl'!'-r" ' rope, cord (in Lh. hempenropes, as a foreign manufa<

are often distinguished from other rope*,

by being called -^rjft. l>,il-t<ig rope made

of wool, ral-fdg rope of goat's hair, rtoid-

fdg rope of the long hair of the yak, rtsa-

fdf/, or pon-fdg Glr. rope of grass; Icdy*-

(kyi) fag -pa chain, wire -rope, used as

fetters or otherwise; *ra*-fdg* W. bandage;

fag-mig mesh of a net Sch.; fag-zo rope-

maker's work Pth. fdg yb6d-pa vb. a.

(fag &k?-pa, or fad - pa vb. n. or pass.)

1. to cut a cord, bdag nyt-du dan Jtf'l-

fag bead-pas bde I am glad of having cut

the cord (tie) which united me with myfamily Mil.', gen. with re, the cord of hope,

e.g. ^gro-bai re -fag cad the cord of the

hope of going on a journey is cut off, i.e.

the journey has been given up Glr.; Sc/tr.:

+6-fag fcdd-pa to wean (a child) ; bid-tag-

cod deliberation is cut off, the matter is de-

cided or resolved upon : hence frq. without

bio : 2. to decide, resolve, determine, //////-

po bki'oti-bar fag -bead it \vas determined

to murder the king Glr.: /;//</ ynyis iid-

la cun-ma mi len fdg-cod-pa-na if you

positively refuse to give me a wife l*th.\

*fag-cdd mi kyud* W. I have no right to

decide on that point; fag-cod-pa byed-pa

to decide, pass sentence, give judgmentMil.

;to be sure, decided, certain, . . . gr6n-

par fag-bcdd-de (cf. above) as it is quite

certain that he has died Mil.', . . . yod tag-

tod there are certainly . . . Glr. ; ?<w dor

^6n fag-cdd it is quite certain that religion

will spread Mil. ; Itd-ba* fng-bcdd-nas being

immovable in contemplation: with termin.:

to know for a certainty, to understand or

see clearly, rdh-sem$ ms-.s/v//' fag-c<xl-cin

knowing one's own mind to be vain and

frail (v. (tos-shu sub sku 2) Mi/.; sndn-ba

sems - su the visible world as a thought,

as imaginary, i.e. as nothing Mi/.\ f<i<t-

cdd certainty, surety, evidence, >-/fag

- cod byed dgos but one should know

it for certain, one nm-t ho -urc of it Mil.;

lfd-l><( fag-ct'ul-kyi rndl- Qbyor-pu you, the

ascetic, firm in meditation! Mil.

Zo'-rbe'-co* C. resolute.

~~I:,f'=J" fa-mdl-pa «(a-mal abbrevill.tedfrom ttl-mil-la) 1. mean, vulgar,

plebeian, fa-lIIlif,-par odl'g-pa to li\'c liketh(' \ ulgal' J)::l. - 2. ordinary, usual, fatmU-Jla fila !Jill that is no usual thing D::l.;fU-'/IIlU MV. _ p'al-elr.

~~r fa-(8ig &11. 'oath'; but ill two pnsSAgC9 of Dzl. Hi fa- (80 can only

mcnn: 'what signifies?'

it'-:1f~' (a""'(I-fo~ri JV. wide asunder, wide,...... ·fa-ra-(o-ri zug-pa· C. to seutter,

\.0 throw 100Sllly about.!f=.e.f' fa-rum J. &h.: 'the brendth of a

plain'. - 2. n. medicinal herb Med.,ill I.h. Plantago major.!f~' (a-", Tar. 20, 17, &lif.: 'the utmoSt

limits', or it mllY be a p. n.£1'&1' (a-li 'Y., ·(e-H· C., Jlilld. lff1!IlH, a

tin plate.

!far:: (a-I&,; lv' n sort of red clotll.

!f"'9r:.r (a-Nol &oh.: 'the cod, the conse-quence; bad'; J)har.: M-p-bu (a

iulll!!ld &Iif.: homo nequnm, a good-forn:\Ught.~ (ag 1. sometimes for o(ag, Glr. - 2.

distance n. relllotively (prob. from (oglla mensuring-cord, surveyor's chain) onlyin: (ag-rili.!Ja ndj. and abstrnct noun, (agrj,i(-po) ndj., ~v, ·(ug-riti-(mc)· distant, agreat distance, M (af/-rili(.) 0. fnr countryGlr.; with dmi or lrus far from; ("11- mi.rili-ba not fo.r Ptll.; (ag-riri(_po)-1Ia$ fromafnr, from u ,]islnnee 'l'hf/!I'; (ag- 'II!!e-banear; proximity; IV: adj. ·(ug..fly/-mo· ; fugi:j-tsum how fll r ? Q:.; (ag-f/rit v. fa.yl'U.b. absolutely, only with respect to time,in: 1/11.1- fug but just, just now, gen. witlLIt. verbal root, sldJ 1IIa.fdg !/in~pa he thathas lll'liveJ just now Gl,..; ••iar Mad 111a

(ug-pa (the passages) thnt bAve beeo exIllained just now Gram.; AS an luk. gen.lIw-tuy_lu, or only 1IIa-ft!y, frq., e.g. (ot.

ma-(ug-tu as soon as he had henrd; de'IIIa_ (ag - til. directl}' I immedintely, in lV.·ma..fdg-(~. - 3. (ug-(dg v. (og-ft!g. 4. (ug-yMd-pa v. fcig-pa J.~:q-SFl' fU!rfag, with ·jltl!·lUl1 ar·i:d.-u·

10 knock, 'flO at the door,

£fl''f tUg-IXI I. rope, cord (ill J./i. hem~nropes, IlS a foreign manufacture.,

are ofum distinguished from other ro,_,lJy being cftlled ~, bal-(dV rope mlUle

of wool, rul-fuy rOI)C of goat'. hir, rniJ(t!g rope of the long hair of the yak, riM-(fig, or l',on-(dg GIl'. rope of gno ; lbig...(1,..yi) fug - pa c11l\io, wire - rope, used all

fetters or otherwise; ·rcI8-fcig· lV. bandage;(ay--m;!! mesh of n net &h,; (og-:o ropemaker's work Pth. - (d.,! rMiI- pa Th. a.«(ag il"dd· }lCl, or il"ad - ]Xl vb. n. or paM.)1. to cut a cordi bdClfl -nye-.lu duli .brD.(Q{I IXdcJ-pcu Me I nm glftd of having cutthe coni (tie) which united me with myfnmily Mil.; gen. witll I't', the cord of hope,e.g. o!Jro-bai 1'1_ fag lad the cord of theIlolle of going 00 n journey is cut off, i.e.thejoumey hns been given up Glr.; &In-.:~d-(ug rOOd-I'u to wello (ft child); bid-(ugCod deliberation is cut off, the matter is d~cided or resolved upon: hence frq. WitilOutUo: 2. to decide, resolve, determine, r!JYU1~

po b1:rd,i-bar fag~lXdd it WAS determinedto murder the king Glr.; 1fyod )1'yi& ,icila iiti,;-ma mi 1m fafl-'&XI-pa-1Ia if youpositively refuse to give me a wife /"',.;·(ag-~od 1/li Ryud* w: I have DO right todecide on that point; (oy-lQd.,1U b!f'!l-I'ato decide, lingS sentence, give judgmentMil.; to be sure, decided, certain, ... grOHa.I'ar (O{!-IXad-de (cf. abol'e) as it is quitecertnin IhM he lIAS died Mil.; ..• yod (agb:Jd there Il.re certn.inlr ... Glr.; ~ dar.QN (ug-Cdtl it is quite certain that religionwill sprcnd Mil.; lllj.!Jcl$ (~<id-"lI' beingimmovaNe in contemlllll.tion; with krmin.:to know for lI. certainty, to understand orsee clt.lrlrly, rli,i-.tIll3 n;,...,hor (ug~'&kl-NH

knowing one's own mind to 00 \"Rill audfmil (v. cc,-M"U sub sA:lI 2) Mil.; 3tttili-baat~Il' -.m the "isible world as a ulougllt,as imaginary, i.e. as /Iothing ,1(11.; (1Ig

COd certainty, surety, evidence. All -1-!Jcu.(ag _ Mil b!ltd dp hut one should knowit for certAill, oue Dlust be "ure of it Mil.;ltu.!Ja (ag-cOiWyi mlj{-obyol'-pn you, the~Jirfll in DlCllilation! Mil. - .(ll!/~'-ri¥'-cg'. C. resolute.

fags

228

II. prob.= day -pa, in snyin (or %e, or

bsdm-pa") fdg-pa-nas with a faithful heart,

with all iny heart, heartily, ze t'dg-pai zu-

ba Mil. a sincere prayer or entreaty.

Note. In fag-pa and other words be-

ginning with f, (e.g. fan, fo), d sometimes

takes the place of f, and this uncertainty

in the use of the initial letter dates perh.

from a time, when the aspirated pronun-ciation of the media first began to be adopt-

ed in C., and was not yet generally in-

troduced.

fags texture, web, fags Ofdg-pa to

weave DzL, fdgs- fag-mkan col. for

fd-ga-pa, also fdgs-mkan Pfh. a weaver;

*fser-fdg* W. thorn-hedge, fence consisting

of thorn; fags- Kri (weaver's) loom Ld.-

Glr.; fdgs-gra-Jm Cs.,*fags-Kan- bti* W.,

spider; fdgs-ca weaver's implements; fdys-

ynas, fdgs-ra, a weaver's place or shop

Cs.; fags-bran byed-pa Mil., *fag rdn-ce*

W., to begin the warp.

r tags-fogs impediment 6s.

qr- fan 1. also fdn-ma Mil., fdn-bu DzL

Ms., *fdn-ka* W., flat country, a plain,

steppe; also fig. like zin, bde-cen-gyi fan

land of bliss Mil.; fdn-la (from the house)

into the plain or steppe,= into the open

air DzL;fan - la Itun - ba to fall to the

ground; *ma-fdn* W. the unfloored bottom

of a room; gram-fan a fenny or swampy

plain 6s.; span -fan a green grassy plain

or steppe, meadow, prairie; byan- fan the

northern steppes or plains of Tibet (used

as a noun proper); bye-fan a sandy desert

or plain; ^ol-fdn ground covered with

(snail-) clover, pasture ground, grassy plain;

sag-fan a gravelly plain; fah-du byed-pa

Cs. to lay waste, to make a desert of, fdn-

du Ogyur-ba to become a desert. 2. 6s.

price, value, perh. also amount; rin-fdn id.

DzL; rin-faii-can dear, precious, Mil.; yon-

fan I. W. income, profit, 2. 6'. = yon-tan

talent, natural gift, faculty; lo-fdn yearly

tribute, ycod-pa to fix, to order it Tar.;

za - fan (a person's) capability of eating

Thgy. 3. W. for dwans clear, serene,

fan-prom

*nam fan* a cloudless sky, fine weather;*dan pi-ro fdn-te yod* (the sky) was cloud-

less last night. 4. potion Med. 5.

= bka-fdn, order, command, (bka) faii-yig

decree; pad-ma-fan- yig is the abridgedtitle of a collection of legends about PadmaSambhava. 6. (resin?) fan-cu resin, gum,

e.g. of fruit-trees. 7. a very short spaceof time (the statements as to its length

vary from five seconds to one minute and

a half), a moment, a little while, gen. tan

ycig, not seldom joined with skad cig and

yud tsam; fan tsam id. Pth.; cig-fan, bzi-

fan one moment, four moments; Lit., fan-

re S.g., one after the other Sch. -- 8. v.

taii-ka. In a few instances the mean-

ing of fan is not quite evident.

Comp. fan-Krun bastard Sch. fan-cu

v. fan C. fan-stun uninhabited, deso-

late; wilderness. --fan-Jbru Sch. 'cedar-

nuts', perh.=

ko-nyon-tse q.v. fan-mar

tar Cs. *fan-ma-la-la-tse* a small lizard

Ld. - -fan-yzi market-price, *fan-zi cog*

C. the market-price abates. *fan-ziif W.

fata morgana fan-rag cedar (?) Sch.

fan-sin fir, pine.

fan, W. *sku-fdn*, Tar. fdn-

sku, image, prop, of human beings, at pre-

sent = picture, painting, in a gen. sense,

also of landscapes etc.

fan - dkdr the white-tailed eagle

Sch."

fan-fan v. the following word.

-ft* fdn-po, tense, tight, firm (= Ofdn-

pot}', fan-lhod tight and loose; also

tenseness fig. Mil.;fdh-sa ycod-pa to strain,

to stretch, cod-pa vb. n. or pass. Stg., Mil.,

C.; *zug-po fan-nam* C. are you well? -

rkan - fan - du or la on foot, v. rkdn - pa

comp. ;fan ycod-pa to tire, to fatigue Mil.,

fan cod-pa or cad-pa to be tired, wearied

Pth.', *gom-fdn lab-ce (iu-gu-la)* W. to

lead a child in walking, to teach a child

to walk;sa-fdn-fdn to the utmost of one's

power Sch.

fan-prom a medicinal herb Med.,

Wdfi. = dha-tu-ra thorn-apple (?).

\

~~. (ags

U. prob. = day- pa, in snIP!i (or Z~, 01'

bsJm-pa) fuo-pl-n«Jl with llo faithful Ileart,with alt Illy heart, heartily, ze (dg-pai z6ba l1(ii. a sincere prayer or entreaty.

Note. In fag""]Ja IUld other words beginning with f, (e,g. (an, fo), d sometimestakes the place of f, lUIri this uncertaintyin the use of the initial Jetter dates perh.from a time, when the ll.!lpirated pronnnciation of the media first began to he adopted in C., lUld WI\S not yet generall)· introdaced.~~ {ags texture, web, fags o(Jg - pa to

weave D:{., fags-laa-mkan col. for(a-ga-pa, also fags -mka'~ p(ll. a weaver;·"er-(d$" W. thorn-Iledgl.', fence consistingof thorn; (aga - 1M (weaver's) loom LA.Gir.; (dgs-gra-/./U 01., ·(dfJ8-j((1n-bu· lV.,spider; fa!Jf·ca weaver's implements; fag,}"lUU, fdg8 -"'(1, a weaver's plnee or shOl'(,,; (ags-l".«n byld-pa Mii., .(ag rtin-te'"W:, to begin the wnrp.

SF1~.~~. tafjf-(dg! impediment u.£F.' tali 1. also (dJi-ma Mil., (dil.-bu D::{.

Ms., ·ra,l-ka· w., Aat country, a plain,steppej also fig. like Hr., lxle-aln-gyi fail.Inlld of bliss Mil.; (d,j-la (from the house)into the plnin or steppe, = into thc openair D:d,; f«li - la lrun - 00 to fall to theground; ·ma-fdli· w: the unfloored botlomof n room; gram-fali a fenny or swamr'Yplain lA.; span - fall a green grassy plainor steppe, mendow, prairic; l!yail.-fd,; thenorthern steppes or plains of Tibet (usedll.!l a noun rroper); bye-fdli a sandy desertor plain; .01- (ali gro~nd co\'cred with(snail-) clo\'er, pasture ground, grassy plain;iJag-fd,i II. gravelly plain; fali-du byid-paCs. to Iny waste, to make a desert of, fdlidu oflyit.r-ba lo become a desert. - 2. (,.price, value, perh. also amount; rin-faii id.D:1.; rin-(au..can dear, precious, Mil.; !j()1i(tili I. W: income, profit, 2. C, _ ydn-tantalent, naturnl gift, faculty; lo-fdli yearlytribute, )"rod.pa to fix, to ordcr it... Tar.;za- fdli (a person's) capability of eatingTI'f/y, - 3. W: for dwa,j, clear I serene,

·nam fali· Q. cloudless sky, fine weather;·dali fA-I'O f«iI.-te yod* (the sky) Wl\S cloudless last night. - 4. potion ),l/ed. - 5.- bka-fl.iJi. order, command, (bka) (a,i-yigdeereej paJ.-ma-(ali-yig is the uloridgedtitle of a collection of legends about PadmaSambhll.\·(l. _. 6. (resin?) fa,;-i!U resin, gum,e.g. of fruit-trees. - 7, (\ very short spaceof time (the statements as to its lengthvary from five 8econds to onll minute nnda. half), a moment, a little While, gen. taJirCig, not seldom joined with skad Cig lind!JUd tBam; faii tBam id. 1't11.; ely-(a,l, biifali one mornellt, four 1Il0ments; Lt., faJire S.g., one after the otber Belt. - 8, v.tail-Ita. - In a few instances the meaning of (aii is not quite evident.

Compo fa,l-/lriui bll.!ltard ScI,. - (an-cuv. f(1li C. - falj-#,jil. uninhabited, desolate; wilderness. - fan-/JI'U &ll. 'cedarnuts', perh. _ kc-n!fOYI.-t3i q:v. - fali-1JlIiI'tAr C,. - ·((lfi-ma-la..:la-tJ" a slIllill lizardLd. - f/l./i-)'ii' market-price; ·faii-Zi cO{!·C. the mnrket-price abates. - ·faii-::!'· W.futa. lnorgann - (ar.-rag cedar (?) Sell.- fali"uli fir, pine.£F.''TJ £lI:.':fJ' (dii - ka, fti,i - ga, resp. zal-

, fan, IV. ·,d-u-(u,j·, 'l'a,'. fdl~-

sku, image, prop, of hllman beings, at present ... picture, painting, in a. gen. scnse,also of landscapes etc.£l1:.'~'TJ~' fali - dkur the white-tailed eagle

&/1.

~.~' fa,i-fa,; v. the following word.

~if fdil. - ptJ, lense, tigh~ firm (= ofd-n.pol); (aii-lIHkl tight anrlloosc; also

tenseness fig. Mil.; fdii~a )"rod-pa to strain,to stretch, 'ifdd-pa vb. u. or pass. Stg., Mil"C,; ·zUg-po fati-liam· C, are you well? .,.kUll- (ali - du or la on foot, v. rklhi - pacomp.; (au i'Cod-pa to tire, to fatigue Mil.,fall ~l-pa or eaJ.""]JfJ to be tired, wearied1't11.; ·g/)m-fait lab-te (Ii-gu-La)· W. to

lead II child in walking, to teach...! cIJildto walk; sa-f!i,i-rd,; to tile utmost of Olle'ipower &ll,

.;(~. fwi-!'w6m l.' medicinal herb Med.,fla o. IVdti~ 1"'" dlla-tu-l'fJ thorn-apple (?).) .. . , ,

ttf

nrV/T /<'''-* v. sub faii-po; tait-sh'i v. t,n>

' com p.

f <' ti (- /i) 1- the direction straight

forward, *&?/* </<//; ,// <////> /;/-///

dii upward and downward, and

in every other direction /Sty.; sten-^oy-fdd-knr straight upward and downward &.</.;

j>o-bi'dn-yi fdd-kar pyin they came straight

towards the castle; fdd-ka-na directly be-

fore Thgy.; del nub-fdd-kyi that which is

situated to the west of it Tar.; most frq.

fdd-du c.geuit.towards,in straight direction;

over against; in presence of e.g. to assemble,to propound, to lay before one, to study under

a professor Dzl.; exactly in the place of

a thing Tar. 17,1; sai fdd-nas cod Tar.

1 59, 4 prob. : cut off only from the flesh;

*fe*-kya, fe'-kan-la* Ts. straight on; fad-

ilruit-na directly before Wdn.; *fad-nyd*W. over against, opposite, facing; fdd-so-na

= fdd-ka-na Mil. - - 2. fad-kar each for

himself Gl>\ -- 3. entire, whole, untouched,

safe (integer) 6'. and perh. Thgy.

5}^' frq. abbreviation for^SJ^'xS^* tams-

<W, whole, all.

^' fan, Hind. ^71^, yu9, a P'ece of cloth.

' fan-kdr, tan-skor Lex., surround-

ing country Sch.

fan-tun (Schr. fad-fini) a little 8ch.

fdn-pa dry weather, heat, drought Olr.

nq-fab 1. resp. ysol-fdb, fire-place, hearth,

me- tab, id.; also for stove, Icays-fdbiron stove; fab sor 'the hearth is runningover

1

, i.e. the food placed on it runs over

in boiling, a mis-hap the more serious, as

the household god is offended by the evil

smell caused thereby. 2. v. sub can.

Comp.: *fdb-ka* W. fire-place, *fdb-ka

team yod* how many fire-places, i.e. house-

holds, are there? -- fab-Kuii opening or

mouth of a stove, furnace, or fire-place;

v. also Schl. 249. - - fab -j-nds fire-place,

furnace, oven 6s. *fab-fsdn* W. kitchen.

-fab-pyis, W. *

fab-pis* clout, dish-clout,

wiper. fab-yzob burnt smell. - *fab-

fd* fit-Ran* W. cook. fab-yipy kitrln-n-

boy, scullion I't/,. - fab-M/, li,,-- ,!.fuel. - fali-lhd

deity of tin- ln-;nth.

fab-fnh W.

fafj* (cog. to*taA), opportunity, chance,

possibility, *W//-or ilul-fdi, ,,, ,nn* \\'.

I had no opportunity of seeing or going;"fab % nyi-rdn-ni' mi jun-na" W. if youoffer no chance, if on your part it is not

made possible; fabs mi fn/> I>:1. and col. I

am not able, 1 cannot; ydan-dfdits-pai fobs

Hied I then shall lose the opportunity of

meeting (the princess) Glr.; Obr6-pai fal*

med there is not any chance of escapeGlr. ; lam - la y%6l

- fabs m?d there is no

occasion for stopping or tarrying on the

road Mil.; way, manner, mode, kloy-fabs

way of reading, e.g. Sanskrit; rkun-fabn-

su in a thievish manner, by theft S//. ;

ryydl-poi fabs yton-ba to give up the way(of life) of a king, to resign the crown

Dzl., fabs ycig-tu together, in company,

jointly, e.g. to sit down with one another,

to go together to a place, frq.; means.

measures, fabs byed-pa, W. *cd-ce, /,;yo//-<V*

to use means, to take measures; bio fabs

Ofsdl-ba to contrive means Ma.: fabs ston-

pa to show means or ways, to give di-

rections, to instruct Glr.; Ofso -fabs liveli-

hood. subsistence; fobs zad there is nothing

else to be done Glr. ; ~f-t><u' fdba-/.i/i& in

a fair way, amicably, not by constraint

or compulsion Glr.: fdbs-kyis by various

means, by artifice, cunningly, craftily:

fdbs(-la)-t/t/,:

(ix-{>a. fdb*-x<->i-fHi.H". also

*fdb-tan*, skilful, dexterous, clever, full of

devices; da bd<l-<.lu ^/rd-fabs gyis ^// n..\v

take steps, make preparations, for a jour-

ney to Tibet Glr.; de yson-poi fabs yod-

dam is there a means of recalling those

men to life? tabs-edit Mil..'

fab -sag* or

"feb-sdy* vulgo, a shift, make- shift, surro-

gate; fabs (dan) ses (-rob) the mystical

union of art and science, or (Sch. less cor-

rectly) of matter and spirit,cf. Was. (144).

'"'-</" t"M-ka a seal, sign

\. ddm-Ka.

~'"'1' (d,i.Ja \'. s.ub (ali-po; Ca,i.J(,j v. (ailCOnl[l.

5f\'(''TJ') Mel(-l'a) 1. the direction straightforward, ,tt,' dllli .0fJ I1mi (rid-}:a

(aI,..-Md-d" upw"rd And c!owllward, Andin every other direction Sty.; $te,i-.Of/-(fidIw!' !>tmigllt upward nnd dowllwl\rd S.y.;IH>-bl'u,;.gi (Jd-km' l;yill they came straighttowl\rds thc Cl\stlc; (dd-ka-1la directly before TIIS!/-i dei rlUb-(ud-lryi that whidl if;sitUlltcd to the west of it Tar.; most frq.(ad-du c.genit. towards, in straight direction;over against; in presence of ('.g. to Ilssemhle,to propound. to lay before one, to study under1\ professor D::l.; exactly in the place ofa thing Tal'. 17,1; sai (fid-1W8 'fod Tw·.159,4, prob.: cut off only from the flesh;*(;'-kya, (i'-kari-/a* 7ls. straight on; (ad,1'·/lJ'-lIa directly before Wd,i.; ·(ad-Jlyri*II~ over against, opposite, facing; (dJ·w-na

... (,icl-~'a-11a Mil. - 2. (aJ-kar each forhimself G/I'. - 3. entire, whole, untouched,safe (iuteger) C and perb. TllflY.

~l)' frq. nbbre\'intion for ~~'\Sl)- (am,

~ad, whole, all.

~- (ml, JJilld. ~,_ !I'lg, a piece of clotll.

~'i1f~' (11I1-,(:6,·, tall·.skol' I.e.!'., ""lrl'Ound-ing country &It.

£f'i'~' (all-((m (&/11', (ad-(,ill) a little &/i.~

~.q' (rill-1ia dry weather, heat, drought Gll'.

£R' (ab 1. resp. pol-rub, fire-place, hearth,:lilt-tab, id.; also for stove, /CarP-(db

iron st<H'c; (ab Jor 'thc heartb is runningover'. i.e. Ihc food placed on it runs O\'crin boiling, II. mis-lillp the more scriou,,;, n~

the bouscholc god is offendcd by ~hc e\'ilsmell CliUSed thcreby. _ 2. v. suh la,i.

Comp.: ·(db-h.* 11': fire-place, ·(ub·kaham yOO. how mllny fire-places, i.e. housebolds, IIrc there? - (ab - I.;(uj opening ormonth of ll. stO\'C, furnace, or fire-place;v. also ScM. 249. - (ab _TIllis fire-plllcc,furnace, oven (4. - *(ub-(,d,i* IV. kitchcn.- (o.b.pyif, W. *(ab-pi,* clout. dish-clout,willcr. - (ab - jztJ/) lIurot sllJf5.-""" ·fl,"

Ia. M-Nm,' W: cook. - (ab-Y!f&<J kitdu!n_hoy, tlCuliioll J't". - (all-II,; 6rt-1Io0l,,1futl. - (1flJ..l/,d deity of tile heurllJ. '

.q::l·IR· (ab-fa IV. - (um-(om.

~:t~. (a!Js (cog. 1.0 dalr.), opportunity, chance,possibility, *(Q,i.-or (Uti.(ub lIIujwj* n~

I hud 110 ollportunity of seeillf( or going;•(ab 'ig n!li-ruli.nf 11Ii )uli-na' n~ if youoffer no ell/wce, if on )'our I'llrt it is notmadc IlOSllible; (1IV. mi (ub /)::1. 1I0d 001. IAm not able, I (unnot; yda'l-drwit-pm' {alr.1/ltd I tllen s11311 lose the opportunity ofmeeting (the princess) Gir.; *bro.-pai (Illr.flied there is no~ aDy chll.lJce of e8CaJ1Calt,.; tam - 1« rMl- {av. 'IIl/,l there is 00

occasion for stopping or tnrr}'ing on ~he

roUI! Mil.; way, manner, mOde, Hoy- {alAway of reading, e.g. ~an.krit; ,·I.·il1l.(IIl51l in n thievisb m,mncr, by t1left St!!.;ryydl-poi (alA )'tdil-ba 10 give up tlle WAy(of life) of II king, to resign the crOIlo'1ID::I., (am {Hg - tu together, in company.jointly, e.g. to sit down with one :mother,to go logether to " Illare, frq.; means,measures. (IlW byM-pa, IV: *ro-Ct, Iydit-U*to use meallS, to t4kc lneftSUreS; hlo ",fA/Mil-ba to contrive means Ma.: {filA .ro'lfa to sbow IUelUIS or Wl.lyS, to gi\'c directions, to instruct Gil'.; ~/.w-(alA liyelihood, subsistence; {alA ::all there is 1I0thiligelse to be done GII'.; ::l_bai (db.-l'!Ji. illII f"ir way, amiCAbly, not liy constr"iotor compulsion GI,..: (dfA-kyi$ b)' ":ariousmCAns. liy artifice, cunningly, cmflily:(ribl(-la)-.,l'd.-pa, (abs-if~-pa, W. al~1

*(rib - ~all*, skilful, dexterous, clever, full ofdevices; ,la bck1-l/u o!J"d-falA gN" $iy lIOW

lAke stcp%, make prcparations, lor a j()Urncy to Tibet Gl,..; de J'lIln-1~" (abt y6t1Jwn is there a meall~ of ree.mng tbOi()men to Iifc? (alA-lag Mjl.. '(ob_sag' or·(tb.Jdg" \'ulgo, a "hift, milke-shift, surrog"tc; (aln (do..) .... (-rab) IIle mysti~al

union of nrt and sciellct', or (&It. less COl'

rectly) of mnllcr nlld lopirit, cf. m'$. (1401).

~', ~'1TJ' (';Hl"f/<l, ~';"I-~'. a seal, •- , <1 c..., \'. d'III~.

230

fam-fdm q* tdl-ba

r fam-fdm Sch. 1. also fdm-me-ba,unconnected, scattered, dispersed.

2. fam-fdm (byed) -pa Ofdm-pa.

fdm-pa (sometimes fern -pa) com-

plete, full, almost exclusively used

as a pleon. addition to the tens up to

hundred.

- tarns -cad whole, all; added to

the singular number : rgyal-Kdmsfams-cdd the whole empire Glr.; lus fams-

cdd na the whole body aches (opp. to one

part of it); bod-kyi zans fams-cdd all the

copper of Tibet Glr.; more frq. added to

a plural (though usually in the form of

the singular number): all (the persons or

things), de fams-cdd, rarely de-dag fams-

cdd, all those; fams-cdd-kyis so-so-nas all

of them one by one, each.

fdms-Pa (= Ofam-pa?), sa, or bye-

fdms-su ojug-pa to suffer (a person

or beast) to stick fast in the mud, in the

sand (?) Glr. 84.

%Q fan Wdit. capsule (?), Wts. peach (?).

5|^* far v. far-for.

qx'nxvQr\ far-for(-la)= fa-ra-fo-re (cf.

Ofor-bd); "far cos-se dug* Ld.

sit wide asunder, not too close together!

far byed-pa Mil. to break to pieces, to

smash, to crush.

yST fdr-nu a purgative Med.

far-dpdg, C. *far- bdg*, W. *td-

bag* a large plate, dish, platter.

- fdr-ba to become free, to be saved,

far gos, or goi* W. he must become

free, las from;

to be not hindered or pre-

vented, to get through, to get on, to be able

to pass, cu-la through the water Mil.; zas

mi far the food cannot pass through Med.;

to be released, acquitted, discharged, *iim-

na* C. by a court of justice; fdr-du )ug-

pa to set at liberty, to acquit, with fse

(col. *fse - far - la tan -wa**) to pardon (a

malefactor^, to grant him his life, frq., to

let live (animals) Mil.; often in a religious

sense (with or without mam-pat} to be

saved, freed, released, viz. from the trans-

migration of souls; more frq. the pf. far-

pa 1. to be free etc., lam far the road is

free, passable 2. sbst. freedom, liberty, hap-

piness, eternal bliss, *Tl^, fdr-pai rgyur

Ogyur it will be serviceable for (my) liberty;

far- (pai) lam the road to happiness (a

common expression); far-med-kyi dmydl-ba hell without release. 3. adj. free, far-

par Qgyur-ba to become free, byed-pa to

make free, to liberate, to save; fdr-sa place

of refuge, asylum Thgy.

qpr fal, sometimes for fa-li; fdl-gyis v.

fal-ba II. 3.

ful - ba I. sbst. 1 . dust (cf. rdul\

ashes, and similar substances; gog-

fdl ashes; "fug-fdl* ('soup -dust') roasted

barley -flour C. -- fal-kdr a kind of ele-

phant, 6s., perh. the ash-coloured. fdl-

cu lye. tal-cen ashes of the dead; also

a sort of light gray earth, representing the

former, and used for bedaubing the face

in masquerades Mil. - - fal- tag Ld. un-

leavened bread. fal-mdog ash-coloured,

cinereous. fal-pydgs broom Sch. fal-

byi the gray or cat-squirrel.-- fal-fsd a

sort of salt Med. - - 2. bya-fal dung of

birds Glr.

II. vb. (6s. also Ofdl-ba] 1 . to pass, to

pass by, *fal ca dug* W. he goes past, he

does not come in;*zdm -pa fal ca dug*,

he goes past the bridge, does not passover it; to miss the mark, of an arrow

or ball;

rba fal - fal ^on the waves flow

past Mil. 2. to go, step, pass beyond,

lo Ind-bcu fdl-nas when the age of fifty

has been passed Wdn.; *cu-fsod ycig fsd-

big fal* W. a little past one o'clock; sno-

ba-las fal-nas dmar-zin Thgy., prob. inclin-

ing from blue to red; to be in the ad-

vance 6'.; to project, to be prominent, hence

fal- fun different lengths, one object pro-

jecting beyond another; to play a promi-

nent part, to take the lead W.; fdl-ces-pa

to exceed the due measure Sch.; *Ka fal-

wa* to be forward in speaking, bold.

3. to go or pass through, brdg-la yar fal

mar fal, and par fal fsur fdl-du Ogro-bato soar up and down before a rock, and

230

~.~. (alll~rdm $ell. 1. also ftim-'1Jle-ba,unconnected, scattered, dispersed.

2. (am-ram (byed) -pa = ./cifll.pa.~~'=r ftim -lia (sometimes (tm -]Ja) com·

plete, full, nlmost exclusively used115 il. plooD. addition to the tens up tohundred.~~~. fama-cad wllole, all; added w

- the singular number: rg!Jal-~'drIU

(alM-hid the whole empire Glr.; llU (a1ll./lhid na the whole body aches (opp. to oncpart of it); bdd-kyi ani. (arlU-t"xUl ull thecopper of Tibet Glr.; more frq. added to1\ pluml (though osunlly in the form ofthe singular numl>cr): nil (the )Jcrsons ortbings), de {anl.-catl, rarely de.dag {1I111S

Md, all those; (arm-eJd-kyis 8Q-$Q-7/a8 allof them one by one, each.~~':r {mns'pa (- oram-pal), sa, or bye-

(limNU Juy.-pa to suffer (a personor b<.'ast) to Iltick fast in the mud, in the8Il.lId (?) Glr. 84.~. {au JVdli. capsule (1), Wh. peach (?).

£F: far v. (ar-f&r.

.~,,::,;£F:."(I::.l") (ar-fdr(-la) .: fa-l'a-fo-re (cf,ofdr-ba); 'far im-u d«g' IA.

sit wide asunder, not too close togf'lher!(ar byed - pa Mif. to break to pieces, tosmash, to crush..

~~' fdr-1/U fI purg-J.ti\'e .Me<l.~

~~.q=!f (m'-dpag, C.. ·(ul'-)xit!', lY. ·tdb"9" a huge plate, dish, platter..

~".:f" (dr-ba to become free, to be saved,·fw· [/C'$, or gor lV.. he must hecome

free, las from; to be Dot hindered or prevented, to get through, to get on, to be ableto pass, cu-la thl'ough tlie water Mil.; Za.'l

mi far the food connot pass through Med.;to he released, acquitted, discharged, ·{im1la· C, by n court of justice; fdr-J« JUgpa to set at liberty, 10 acquit, witb fu(col. ·fu-(a,·-la td,j-tt'a·) to pnrdon (0malefn.etor:' to grant him his life, frq., tolet live (animals) Mil.; often ill f\ religioussense (witll or without roam - par) to besaved, freed, released, viz. from Ie trans-

£l"ll',::r tdi..fxl

migration of souls; more frq .. the pf, farpa 1. to be free etc., lam far tIle rond isfree, passahle. 2. sbst, freedom, liberty, happiness, eternal bliss. ~, (ar - pai ''[1/110'

o!I!JUr it will he serviceable for (my) liberty;far- (pai) leWI the road to happiness (acommon upression); far-mM.-k/li dmfJalba hell without release. H. adj. free, flirpar of/yUr-ba to become frec, b!JM-pa to

make free, to liberate, to save; far-8a placeof refug:e, asylum Tllgy,.£Pl' (ai, sometimes for (a-li; fdl-gf:Ju ".

ftil-ba II. 3,.£Pl',:::r (lii- ba I. shst, 1. dust (cf. rdul),

ashes, and similnr substances; gog(al ashes; '(ug-fal· ('soup-dust') roastedbttorley-flour G, - (al-kar a kind of elephant, C8., perb, the ash-coloured. - tall« l)'e, - IIll-ein ashes of the dead; alsoa. sort of light gray eartb, representing theformer, and used for hedaubillg the facein masquemdes Mil. - (al- tag Ld, unleR"eueu bread. - (al-mdOg ash-eoloured,cinereous. - (al-pydg8 hroom Sclt, - (albyf the gmy or cal-squirrel. - fal-f8J asort of salt Moo.. - ::!, b/la - (al dung ofbirds Gil'. •

n. vb. «(t. nlsofal-ba) 1, to pass, topass by, ·fal ;:" dllfJ" lY. he goes !last, hedoes not eorne in; ·zdm - pa fal ;:a du!l',he go('s past the bridge, does not passol'er it; to miss the mark, of an arrowor boll; rba fal- f<il .(IIj the '\'IWe! flowpast Mil. - 2. to go, step, pass beyond,lo lnd~bi:u flil-lIa8 when the age of fiftyhas heen passed n'd,j.; •L-u-(sdd rh"g (sabig far 11'.. 0 little 11lIst one o'clock; 81i0ba~las (ul-neu dmal'_zhi Thgy., I,rob. indiuiug from blue to red; to be in the advance C.; to project, to be prominent, bencefal-(li,i different lengths, one object Ilrojecting heyond another; to playa prominent part, to take the lead lY.; ftil-'&s-pato exceed the due measure Sclt.; •~'a (allea" to be forwaru in speakiol{, hold, 3. to go or pass through, Imlg_la '!JUI' falmar f/ll, anu pur (al (8«r (dl-du of/I-J-batI> soar up, and down before flo rock, and

t tit- a,,.

to pass actually through it (the saints not

being subject to the physical laws of matter)

Mil., Thgr.; to shine, to light through; tal-

byun-du Ogro-ba to go straightforward, to

act without ceremony or disguise Dzl.

?vS3, 3;fdl-ma Sch., fdl-le C., through and

through; f<il-<jifix directly, straightway, unhesi-

tatingly Mil. - 4. to come or get to, to

arrive at ( W. *#/-&*), tdl-nas lo ysum Umthree years have elapsed since they arrived;

pa-ma (jar fdl-bai ytol-med; bzan-fdl safe

arrival Thgr.; ydr-gyi bzdn-fal cen-por

Ogr6-ba to arrive at, attain to (a blessed

state) in a pleasant and speedy manner

Thgr.-- 5. to be over, past, finished, done,

fdl-lo of a song: it is over, finished Mil.;

<lrit<j-cu fdl-lo the number of sixty is full;

ydl- nas fdl - ba Mil. having disappeared,

vanished;star - te (or star -

nas) fal he is

undone, it is all over with him Mil. frq.;

rim-gyis je nyun je nyiin tal by degrees it

vanishes, dies away Mil. ; snar cad -

fsig

tal the former agreement is no longer

valid; fal son col. = fsar son. - - Tar. 46,

5.12? 172,5: fdl-gyur-pa Schf. follower,

adherent, or the name of a certain sect.

fdl-mo the palm of the hand, fdl-mo

sbydr-ba to hold together the palmsof the hands, as a gesture of devotion;fdl-mo snim-pa Dzl., more frq. fal-lcdg

rgydb-pa to give a slap on the face, a box

on the ear; tal-brddb-pa to clap with the

hands Sch.

fi num. fig.: 40.

fi-gu v. fd-gu ; fi-gu-Kro-bo (?) < '.=

*'ar-yon* W.

fi-bn 1. wood-pigeon, stock-dove Sch.;

fi-bo plover, peewit, lapwing Sch. -

2. C. = fe-ba.

gen* %> Pr t>. fr m fi-ffUi ! carpenter's

cord or string to mark lines with,

marking-string, fig^-gis) Odebs-pa to use such

a string, to draw lines. 2. any instru-

ment used in drawing lines;

skor -tig a

pair of compasses, yya -fig slate -

pencil,

lead-pencil ;also a line drawn with a lead-

pencil; *fig-ta taii-ce* W. c. genit to

examine, try, 1. M. 3. a line, fiy

pa, rgyay -pa, rgynli-

/,</ ,to draw lines;

<///- fiy the meridian line C.; nay-dg or

snag-fig a black line, f*al-(iy a red line;

fxaiis-tig diameter; equator f's. 4. symb.numeral for zero. -- 5. v.

tig.

Comp. fi<j- */>:<></ string to mark lim-s

with. -*f/</-ii>/d* W. over against

- f>:/-

ndg Stg., Sch.: that part of hell, where

the damned are sawn to pieces, lines being

drawn upon them. - -tiy-fudm a little.

fig-fsdd Cs. proportion, symmetry, U.-fih .

f. 27, 6, fig -I'sad byed-pa to proportion;

*fig- fsdd zum - ce* W.

,to determine the

relation or proportion of things. fiy-

si/i a ruler, to rule lines with.

qrmiy* ^/~^ 1 a SP^ ^^ e tnat ^ a leop-

ard's skin, fig

- le - can spotted,

speckled ; fig- ma* W. id.

,of variegated

woolen fabrics; cos fig-le nyag cig MIL,

the centre of all religion, in which finally

all the different sects must unite. -_'.

zero, naught Wdk. 3. semen virile. 4.

contemplation. The two latter significations

are mystically connected with each other,

as will be seen from a passage of Mil.,

which is also a fair specimen of the phy-

siological and mystical reveries of the more

recent Buddhism: yot'is li'm - la,turn -mo

Obdr-bas bde; rluri ro rhyaii d/ii't-tir cvd-

j}as bde; stod byah-cub-sentx-k;ii ryyun-Jbab

bde; smad ddns-mai fig-le Kydb-pas bde\

bar dkar diintr fwj prad brtse - bos bde\

lus zag-med-bde-bas fsim-pas bde; de rndl-

Jbyor nijdms-kyi bde drug lags , he (the

Yogi) feels well in general, when the

warmth of meditation is kindled (cf. ytiim-

mo) in his body ;he feels well, when the

air enters through r6 - ma and kydn- ma

into the Jhttti; he feels well in the upper

part of his body by the flowing down of

the b6dM\ he feels well in the lower parts

by the spreading of the chyle (chylous

fluid, semen); he feels well in the middle,

by being affected with tender compassion,

when the red (the blood in the kydii-ma)

and the white (the semen in the rd-trw)

unite;the whole body is well, being per-

to PI\SS RCtunlly through it (the 811ints notbeing subject to the physiculln......s of matter)Mil" TI,f!".; to slline, 10 light through; tal°by.i,j.dlt ogrO-ba to go stn,ightforwll.rd, to

ACt without ceremony or disguise D::l.?"s:(, 3; (dl-ma &h., ftil-it C., through andthrough; (dl-fj!ll. directly, straightway, unhesitatingly Mil. - 4. to come or get 10, toarrive at (n~ 'til-ce'), tdl·na8 10 J"Ufn kmthree years h",'c elnpscd since the}' arrived;pa-ma gar fdl-bai } tol.med; b::wi-fdl safenrrivnl '1'I1fJ7"; !J/i"~fJ!li b::d,i·(a[ cm-ptJrofJf-d-ba l>l nrri\'c nt, attnin to (n ulessedstllte) in 1\ plensant and speedy JUllnnerTI.gr. - 5. to be over, pas~ finished, done,(til-to of D song: it i$ ovel', finished Mil.;d,'lig-ru fcil-w the Dumber of siXl)' is full;!Jui - ,/(/, fdl- ba .Mil. having diSlllll'eured,"l\Ilisbed; ~tOr-t~ (or .tOt-nall) (al he isundone, it is :til Ol'er with him Mil. fl'q.;rim-Y!Jl8 je n!luff je "!luli taL by degrees itvnni.,hes, dies nWI\Y 111;1.; .,ia,. cad - 6;y(al the former llgreement is no longer\·ll.lid; fal SOli col. = (~a" MH. - Tar. 46,5.12? 172,5: (dL-Y!llIr-pa &Iif. follower,adhertnt, or the n:lme ot a certain sect.

.Q"-4'5.f (ul-mo the palm of the hand, ((iI-rnawyu,"ha to hold together the pnlms

of the IlnDds, (IS l~ gesture of devotion;(dL-mo 8n"TI-pf~ D::.I., 1n!ll"C frq, (uI-li:dg''!Iydb-pa to gi\'e II. sinp on the fnc!', :\ bO;l:on the enr; (aI-lnvldb-pa to c1np witll thelumos SeA,

5t fi nUD!, fig.: 40.

~::n- (i-y" v, (d-tl"i (i-<jlj,-/..'ro-ho (?) G. .J ·'m"gdn· IV,

£l'~' (i_ba 1. wood.pigeon, stock-dove &1,.;(f-bo plover, peewit, lapwing &/1.

2. C. - fe-lm.£f::tl. (ig, prob. from (; - gil, 1. carpenter's

cord or ~tring to Illark lines with,marlcing-slring, (ig("'9u) oJebt-pa to usc suchl\ ~tring, to draw lines. - 2. any instrument used in dmwing lines; &1:01'- fig a.pllir of compasses, f.lfll - ((q slate - pencil,lead-pencil; also Il. line drawll with II. leadpencil; ·fig -!n tail- (;8- lV. c. g{-ait. tb

ex.mille, try, test. - 3. a line, fis-_tUb.pa, ry}y"g -]Xl, rY!I"b -]HI, to draw lill~;

Y",i.("g the meridian lille (,.: llaf/-f;g orIIIIly-fly a blllck line, '-al-fl!; 1\ red line;(nufI-flg dianleter; equIIlor G. - 4. &}"lllb.nunler,,1 (or zero. - 5. ,", tif}.

Compo (ig_ aMel string to mark line.with, - -fig-nya'" II'. over agalnsl - fignug Sly., &h... thllt pllrt of hell, wherethe IlnmDed nrc snWIl to pieces, lines beinll;drl\wn upon them. - fiy-fwtll a little.fig-faud C•. proportion, symmetry, l.At-Glr.f. 27, 6, (;g-f~/ld b!J6l-pa 10 ProllOrtionj·(jg-(~ud ::.,im-i:e- W:, to delermine therelation or proportion of things. - fiyAili a ruler, to rule lines ",,·jth.W=t fly-Ie 1. a spot like tll3t of;l. leup-

ar,j's skin, fi!!. Ie - call spoiled,speckled; fig - tIIa- W. id., of variegfttt'dwoolen fabrics; CtM (i!J-le n9au CifJ Mil.,the centre of I'll religion, in which finallyall the diffeccnt ~eel.S lOu~t unite. - 2.zero, naught mil:. - 3. semen virile. - 4.contemplation. The two latter significationsarc mystically connocted with cltdl otiler,liS will be ~e" from II p""""ge of Nil.,which is I\lso 1I f"ir speciulen of the ph)"siologicalll.nd my~tiCltI reveries of tbe morerecent Buddhism; !J0ti. Iii. - l(1 thil/l - nw.}xi,,-ba! fxle; ,'ll/.i 7'() rk!JlIlt. dAu - til' 'Htdpeu We; stOll byan.-eub-#m&-/..·!Ji rgykn-.}xrbbtle; nmul ddit'-'1Ilai fig-Ie C'!J<ib-,xu bde;bar dkar dlllar flfy ]it'ud brIM - ba~ bde;111$ ::'lVrl//(I-lxli-l.JII~ fum-pi" We; de ",uloh!Jf'l' 1lytillU - Ayi btle drily la!!., he (theYogi) feels well in geMml, w!len thewarmth of meditation is kindled (cf. (tim..mo) in his bod)"; lIe feels well, whell theair enters through ,'d - ",UI and kyult. - Will

into the fYnHi; he feels well in the nlJperpart of his bod}' b}' the !luwing 110""'" ofthe MIM; lIe feels well in the lo...·cr I'Arts

by the spreading of tlJe c11}'le (chylouslIuid, semen); he feeli .....ell in the middle,b}" being uffe.,ted with tender compassion,wheo the red (tile blood in Lbe k'yaH-frIa)IUld tlJe .....hite (Lhe semen in tile rtI-,"a)1IIii\e; tho whole body ii wcll, being per~

232"

tigs-pa fugs

vaded by the grateful feeling of sinless-

ness; this is the sixfold mental happinessof the Yogi.

fjimxrn* ffys-pa 3 drop, figs-pa re-re-nas

in drops, by drops Glr.; car- figs

a drop of rain; yser-fig-po (sic) Mil. seems

to denote a drop or globule of molten gold,

which in this form is offered for sale by

gold-washers.

^" fin v. Odin-ba.

ejn*T fib-pa v. Ofib-pa and ytib-pa; fib-

fib very dark Sch.; byin-rldbs fibs-

fibs Pth. seems to imply the descendingof a blessing upon a person; fib(s)-po,

mo dense, Cs. or perh. nothing but obscure,

dark, nags Stg.

fim-pa ialso Ofini-pa, ftim-pa and

stim-pa, gen. with la or ndfi-du, to

disappear by being imbibed, absorbed; to

evaporate, of fluids; of a snake: to creep

away, to disappear in a hole; frq. of the

vanishing of rays of lights ,of gods etc.

;

to be melted, dissolved (salt or sugar in

water); to sink, dran-med-du into un-

consciousness Mil.

fu 1. num. fig.: 70. 2. *fu gydb-ce*

NO W. to spit, with la, to spit at or on.

- 3. often erron. for mfu.

* fu-ba 1. also fu-pa, skirt, coat-flap

Glr. --2. rarely Ofu-ba, bad, e.g.

wood Mil.; *gyal

- tu* W. good and bad

promiscuously; sdug-bsndl fu-ba a bad

accident Thgy.; malicious, wicked, vicious

Glr. --3. vb., v. Ofu-ba.

fu-bo ^ft? a chief; an elder brother,

Dzl., Tar.; tu - mo Cs.: mistress,

lady (?).c\

"&r fu-mi p. n., v. fon-mi.

5j"^" fu-re uninterrupted Sch.-\s

n-QT^r fu - lum a lump of metal B.;W.

^ cannon-ball:

fug, C. also *fug-pa*, c. accus. until,

NS'

to, in reference to time and space;

*zag zib-cu fug* for forty days; only col.

fug- com Sch.: 'dreadful noise';

Thyr. fug-fsom; Mil fug-syrd id.

2m*CJ"fu9~Pa I- s^st. soup, broth, Jbras-

^> '

fug rice-soup, bag -fug meal -soup,

gruel, rgya-fug Chinese soup, a sort of

vermicelli-soup 6'.; fug-fdl v. fdl-ba.

II. vb. 1. to reach, arrive at, come to,

c. dat. or termin., fse'i mfar fug -pa to

reach the natural term of life Dzl.;

to

come or go as far as Dzl.; rus-pa-la fug-

pa to pierce to the quick Dzl. ; si-la fug

fse Mil., Oci-bar fug-pa-la Lt. when one

is near death; . . . la fug-gi bar - du till,

until Dzl., Tar., Pth.; bzun-la fug he was

just on the point of seizing her Dzl. ;

*sad-

da fug* W. going to kill; si-la (or bsdd-

pa-ld) fug-pa often means deserving death

(of culprits) Dzl. ; fse Opo-ba-la fug kyan

though life is at stake Dzl.; in like man-

ner W. : *lus srog dan fuy-te ca dug* he

goes at the peril of his life; fug-yas not

to be reached, endless 6s. 2. to meet,

to light upon, c. la or dan, = Oprdd-pa,

esp. col. *nyi-rdn-la fug-ga-la yons* W.

he has come to see you; *fug yin* W. we

shall meet again,= till we meet again!

a revoir! jag -pa dan fug-pa Mil. to fall

in with robbers; ydon fug -pa = fug -pa;

ci-la fug run Mil., *ghd-la fug kyan* C.

whatever may happen to me; fug-cdd

agreement to meet Sch. 3. col. to touch,

to hit or strike against, W.:y

i-ru fug -Jean*

here it touches, or strikes against; here

is the rub; *lag-pa mi fug yin* 1 shall

not touch it, I shall not come near with

my hand;*de-la fug kyan ma fug* W. do

not even touch it!

__-..fugs, resp. for snyin, yid, sems, bsdm-

NS '

pa, bio etc., and whenever mental

qualities or actions are spoken of in respect-

ful language, v. below. 1. heart, breast, in

a physical sense, gen. fugs-ka-, fugs-kyi

sprul-pa the incarnation of a deity, ori-

ginating in a ray of light which proceeds

from the breast of that deity Glr. - - 2.

heart, in a spiritual sense, mind, soul, spirit,

will, v. below; design, purpose, intention,

sbyin-pai fug zUg-tu ysol we beg to desist

from the intention of giving Dzl.; under-

standing, intellect Glr. (v. sydm-pa); fugs-

232

vaded by the grateful feeling of sinless-ness; this is the sixfold mental happinessof the Yogi.

~.~.r:r flg3-pa a drop, fi!J3-pa re-rl-naB. in drops, by drops Gir.; car-flg3a drop of rain; )'ser-{ig-po (~ic) Mil. seemsto denote n drop or globule of Illolten gold,which in this form is offered for slile bygold~washers.~5lt:.. {iii \'. odin-ba.

~::r:r llb-pa v. ofib-p<l, >Iud rUb-pa; fib-fib very dark &lr.; byin-'·IJ.b3 (ib&

(fw PtA. seems to imply the descendingof Il blessing upon a person; ({b(3)-pO,l1W dense, (8. or perh. nothing but obS(:ure,dark, nags Stg.~r:r tim-pa, also /im-pa, Ttim-pa and

stim-pa, g<'o..with 14 or na,i-du, todisapJX!ar by being imbibed, absorbed; toevaporate, of fluids; of a snnke: to creepaway, to disappear in II hole; frq. of themnishing of rays of light8, of gods ctc.;to be melted, dissolved (salt or sugar inwllter); to sink, dl'«N -111M - du into unconsciousness Jlil.~. fll J. Dum. fig.: 70. - 2. ~{It !l9db-ee""" W: to spit, with la, to spit lIt or on.- a. often erron. for m{,l.

5l',::r fu-ita 1. also {U-l~' skirt, coal· flap...., Gil'. - 2. rarely o{!~ - 00, bad, e.g.wood Mil.; "g!Jal- tu" W. good nod badpromiscuously; sdug - b3,idl {II, _ va II badaccident Tl'9!J'; malicious, Wicked, viciousGIl'. - 3. vb., v. ofu-ba.£rtf (11,-60 ittr a ch,ief; an elder ~rother,

...., Dzl., Tal'.; tu - lI/.O C8.: mistress,lady (?).

5l';r fu--mi p. n., v. (on-mi.~

Ef~' {u-li uninterrupted &h.~ ,5l'~' fu - hint a lump 01 metal B.; IV.",,"'&; cannon·ball:w.:rr (ug, C. also "(ug-pa", c. aecus. until,~ -1 to, in reference to time and Spf\.CC;"zag zih-eu (ud' for forty days; only col.§l:9'~' rug - (fdm &h.: 'dreadful noise';"" TAgr. {ug-fsdTII; Mil;. ftVj--3{/rd id.

~:r fug.pa I. sbst. Soup, broth, ob'·(JJJ....., {Ug rice-soup, bafj-fug meal-soup,gruel,' ''flya-fug Chinese SOUll, l\ sort ofvermicelli-soup C.; fug-tal v. (ci["ba.

II. vb. 1. to reach, arrive at, come to,c. dnt. or termin., {set m{ar fug - pa toroach the natural term of life Dzl.; to

come or go os for as D:d..; riJs.pa-la (ugva w pierce to the quick Dzl.; U-la {ugfse Mil., on'-bar (ug-pa-la IA. when oneis near denth; ... fa fUg. gi bd,' - du till,until D::I., Ttlr., l'tlt.; bz/i,;-la lug he wasju"t on the point of seizing her Dzl.; "80.([..

(/a fug" n~ ~ing to kill; Ji-la (or b3M-pa-fa) {,if/-pa OflCO means deSCrYing death(of culprits) Dzl.; (u .,pJ-ba-la fug kyaitthough life is at stake Dzl.; in liko mllonncr W;: "1U8 il'OfJ da,i (ug-te la duv" hegoes at the lleril of his life; {ug-ya& notto be reached, endleSll ct. - Z. to meet,to light upon, c. la or da .., - ol},·dd -1Kl,esp. col. "nyi-rdn-fa flig-ga-lA yo"s" lV.he has comc to see you; "(ug yin" W. weshall meet again, _ till we meet llgain!il. revoir! )dg-p« dali (ug-pa Mil. to fallin with robbers; rdo,~ (ug-pa _ {ug-paj'((-ta {llf/ ruti Mil., "gltrl-la {lIg ryail" C.whatel'er may happen to me; (ug - C'ridagreement to meet SeA. - 3. col. to tOUCh,to hit or strike against, 'Iv.: r-ru mg-Ran"herc it totlches, or strikes against; hereis the rub; "klg _pa mi lug yin" I shallnot touch it, I shall oot come near withmy hand; "(IJ-la (ug kya/t ma (ug" lV. donot e\'en touch it!5l"l~' tugs, resp. for 3nyiti, yid, se-m-3, wdm"" pa, bb> etc., and whene\·tr mentalqualities or actions are spoken of in respectful languaqe, Y. below. 1. heart, breas~ ina physical sense, gen. (,igs-ka; fug8-kyi3pn'd-pa tlle incarnation of II deity. originating in a ray of light which proceedsfrom the hrellSt of Ihut deity GIl'. - 2.heart, in a spiritual sense, mind, s!.ul, spirit,will, v. below; design, purpose, intention,8byin.pai lug zldg·tu Twl we beg to desistfrow the intention of gh'ing D::l.; understandi(!g, intellect GIl'. (\". '9.dmcpa); tilgs_

/

SM cud-pa = Koii-du cud-pa; tugs-su J>ydn-

jxt to be kept in mind, in memory Mil. ;

also yid-du ^dn-ba ni f.;

cf. ^rd-ba..S. fijs-la btdgs-so v. Odfigs-pa. --4. for

finjs-rje or bka-drin, fugs mdzdd-pa to

grant or show a favour Djrf. --5 in the

phrase fu<j$ mi tub-pa, with the genit. of

the inf., it is used without ceremonial

distinctions for to venture, to risk, to dare

Dzl.

Comp. fiigs-ka v. above fugs-mKyen

resp. for mnon - ses Mil. - -

fugs-

Krugs

resp. for Koh- Krugs Ma. - -fugs-dgoiis

=dgom-pa II.; fugs-dgdns ytoii-ba = bsam-

blo yton-ba to muse, meditate, reflect Mil.-

fugs(-su) ^gro-ba resp. for yid-du ^6n-ba to be agreeable; agreeable, pleasant,

delightful; pleasure, delight, ... la in (a thing)Mil. -

fugs-rgydl resp. anger, wrath, in-

dignation Mil., fugs-rgydl bzens anger arises,

is roused. fugs-ndn grief, sorrow, afflic-

tion Dzl. - -tugs-ces-pa resp. for yid-ces-

pa to believe. tugs-rje prop, respectfulword for snyin-rje pity, commiseration, com-

passion; gen. grace, mercy, generosity, na-

la fugs-rje(s) yzigs pray, look graciously

upon me! Mil.; even thus: sd-bon zig

tugs-rje yzigs dgos, pray, be so kind as

to send me some seeds! W. fugs-rjes

Odzin-pa, fugs-rje mdzdd-pa id. --fugs-

tye-can gracious, merciful, generous.

(lha) fugs-rje cen-po the All -merciful,

Awalokiteswara. fugs-dam, prop. resp.for yi-dam, 1. oath, vow, solemn promise,

e.g. bcd-ba to take (an oath), to make

(a vow). 2. a prayer, a wish in the form

of a prayer,= smon-lam. :?. contemplation,

the act of contemplating a deity (cf. sgdm-

pa and sgrub-pa}\ meditation in general,Mil. frq. , fugs

- dam Opel meditation in-

creases, proceeds successfully; devotion. 4.

a deity, a tutelar god or saint, a patron Glr.

-fugs-nyid v. sems-nyid, sub sems. -

fugs-mug resp. for yi(d)-mug despair.-

fugs bde-ba, mi bde-ba, v. bde-ba. fugs-

ytsigs-pa to be cautious Sch.;

v. however

ytsigs-pa. fugs-brtse-ba love, affection of

the heart, compassion, resp. for snyih-brtse-

ba, frq., fugs-brt*e-bar

with la, to look upon compassionately, to

remember in mercy.- -

tugn-rdb Sch. =

ses-rdb. --fugs-run Mil. s/<ym-ni.

fugs-(kyi) srds Mil., Tar., spiritual son, an

appellation given to the most distinguishedscholars of saints.

u^~ lia three years old, of animals

Sch.

fun-ba, col. fuii-nu, Ld. *fun-tf,

short, relative to space, time, quan-

tity of vowels etc.; fuii-nu ^gro-ba to be-

come shorter;but the word is not so much

used as 'short' is in English; yid fuii-ba

Dzl., spro fun-ba Wdii. passionate, hot-

tempered, hasty.

nr- fud cheese made of buttermilk, or of

>ocur-p'e, butter and milk Ld., Glr., l*th.;

^o-fud milk-cheese, made of curd, or of

milk coagulated with runnet.

or- fun I. a regular amount, a fixed quan-Na' tity 1. of time, a certain length of

time, as long as a man is able to work

without resting, a shift, six, four, or three

hours; Schf. translates Tar. 67, 17 even

by one hour; a night-watch, mel-fse tun

Ok'or the night-watch is over Dzl.; fun

bzii mal- byar the meditation of a whole

day Mil.;

*fun cad - ce* W. (the cock)

announces the watch (by crowing); fun

bzun-ba Pth. prob. to have the watch;

nam-gyi gun-fun-la at or about midnight;

srod-kyi gun-fun-la Mil. prob. id. 2. a

dose of medicine MI. frq.--

fun-log?

II. in sorcery: bodies or substances

which are supposed to be possessed of

magic virtues, such as sand, barley, cer-

tain seeds etc., tun- don a hole in which

such substances are concealed; tun-rd a

horn to carry them; tun j-s6-ba to revive

a charm Mil. nt.

III. one who collects, a gatherer (from

O fu-ba), sin -fun one who picks up or

gathers sticks Mil. : rtsa - fun a gatherer

of grass , snye- fun a gatherer of ears of

corn Cs.;fun-zdr reaping-hook, sickle Sch.

IV. fun, or more frq. tun-mdn($), usual,

15*

,. Citd-pa - l6.i-d. b«l-paj (wfJ'-.N,.bydn-IJ4 LO be kept in mind, in m(':nlory Mil. j

al"O - yfd..tl....dic-ba ni f.; cf. ofI"J-ba. 3. (lu)'-la btd!l'-16 Y• • dJSgI-Jla. - 4.. for(uf/S-rj, or blta-dri'lf, (uf!' ttltbdd-J14 togrant or show • flyour D:I. - ~ in thefllu-astl 1Nfl' tn, (ub-pa. ~.. itla the gcnit. ofthe iDf., it i. Dae<I without ceremonialdi~tinctiODS for to venturt, to ria, 10 dartD::l.

Comp. (WgHa Y. above - ltup"fflC-ytn

resp. for tfI'"'" -U. Mil. - ft#JI-'}:rifgI~p. for loie-.,trWgI ;.\14. - l~._

JodrU-pa n.; l~". rldic-ba - beambid }'tdie-ba to muse, lMditate, reflect Mil.- (iIgI(....)~ resp. for yid-dw ,dliba to be agreeable; agreeable, pleasant,delightful; pleasure, deright, ... ra in (. thing)MiL - lugt .. rgydl resp. anger, wrath, indignation Mil., (JI~rgyDl 6:,.". ugtlr arise!,is roused. - "'gNims grief, sorrow, afflic.tion D::l. - (w9'-"l~ resp. for yid-lnp" to beline. - tu~rje prop. respectful"'ord for '''!Ji,,-rjt pity, commiseration, compassion; gen. grace, mercy, generosity, lia

la IWfJl-rjt(.) r::i9' pray, look gmciouslyupon me! Mil.; e"en thus: ad - hem zif{ujp .. rjt r:itJI d!JOI, pray, be 80 kind asto send me some seeds! W - lw!!, _rjn.d::in-pa, IWfJl-rjt md::dd-pa id. - INfl'':it -lan gracious, merciful, generous. (IAa) 1"!I' - rye tm - po the AII- merciful,Awalokiteswarl\. - (''fI,·dam, prop. resp.(or !Ii-dam, 1. oath, YOW, solemn promise,e.g. bed· ha to take (nn oath), to make(a yow). 2. a prayer, l\ wish ill the formof a pmyer, _ ,mOn-lm/l. :1. contemplation,the net of cODt.emplll.ting n deity (cf. '!}Oml'a llnd '!l''Ub - JI(I); meditation in genenll,Nil. frq., (II!J'. ddJll .Pel ftIeditlltion increases, proceeds lIuccessfully; devotion. ~.

a deity, a tlltelar god or taint, a patron Gil'.- ("!I'-lIyl'd v. un,.-lIyid, sub """. (llfJ'-fll"rJ resp. for yi(4)-1J,ilq despair, (u,!I' 1xii..fJa, .Ii bdi-ba, v. 6dJ-ba. - (1lf}I

rtl(gt-l"Ja tAl be cautious &h.; ". ho .....ever"wg'-pa. - fm~ba love, affection ofthe heart, compulNI, resp. fOr _ylj.wW_

~ frq., (UYl-ln~r IlfId""lNJ, r::l~with la, to look upon oompaAionat')r, toremember in mercy. - fug,.rdh SeA. ___,.db. - f"fI'-rit. Mil. _ ,,,ytJt.. "'a. _

(Ntp-{IuJi) ".1iI ,.\IiL, Tcw., spiritual son, anappellation gi,'eD to the moo. ditunguishedsc:hol/lfll o( saints.

~1:.' {1IJi -lia !bree yean .Id, of aui........, &".~'.:::r lwli-ba, 001. {w,,-lia, JA ·liui."",...., short, relative to lproce, time, qua.ntity of vowels ek.; lwi-oi ..~ tu b&oome shorter; bot. the word is DOl. 10 ml'Chused as 'sbon' is in English; yid lli.i_baD::l., 'P"' 6i1i - ba n'd-i. passional_, IMt·lemperttl, hasty.

~. (1Ul cheeR made of buttermilk, or .,f..., 'fI,r-,k, botter and milk J..d., GIr., J'tl;..o-(wd millr.-cheese, m3de of eard, or ofmilk coagulated with TUnnel.

~ I"", 1. a rtgular amount, a fued qUa&

...., city 1. of time, • certAin length oftime, as long all a lOAD i, able to workwithout resting, a shift, sis, four, or threebonn; &/if. tnnslates Tar. 67, 17 evenby OOf' hour; a night·watdt, -' - fu (lin

.for the oight - watch is over D:l.; {till

hHi rna/-.hp the meditation o( a wholeday .1Iil..j -(VII Md-U' W: (the coclr.)aDOOUDces the watch (by crowing); "mb::uJi-ba PtA. prob. to have the watch;m./lI"1lYi guil-lw,,-la at or aboot midnight;,rdd-J.:yi gilli-IJln-la Mil. prob. id. - 2.•dose of medicine Mtd. frq. - {14n-lOV'

II. In sorcery: bodillli or sullstancdwhich :u'e supposed to be pOlStISed ofmngic virtues, sucll lIS SADd, barley, Cllrtn.in seeds etc., {Nn·ddli a hole in whichsucb substances are ooncell1ed; (u,.-rll ahorn to cnrry thew; l'tm. rIO-Oil to revive" charm MiL Jet.

lIJ. one l\'ho collects, a gatherer (fromo{U-IxI), UIi-("" one who (lich lip orgathers sticks AliL; rail _~" a gathererof grass, .nyt - (.". a gatherer of ears ofcorn c..; lun-:df' reaping-hoolr., sK:tJe &".

LV. OIn, or more fnt. IW"-If.Idoi(I), ltIUal,1~'

234

fub-pa fus-pa

daily, what is done or is happening every

day; common, general, dnos-grub fun-mom

earthly goods, as well as intellectual en-

dowments, considered as common property,

but not spiritual gifts ; fun-min, fun-mo fis

ma yin-pa unusual, uncommon, not for every

body; *cig-la cig fun -man co* take goodcare to live together in harmony W.

;fun-

mo ti - du or su in common, in company,

jointly; fun-mon by itself is also used as

adv.,=

fun-spyir, in general.

fub-pa (ifefi)I. vb., c. accus., so-

metimes c.

s

dat., 1 . to get the better

of, to be able to cope with, to be a match

for (an enemy), to be able to stand or bear

(the cold etc.), to be able to do one harm,

to get at one, dug-gis ma fub-cin as the

poison could not do him any harm DzL;to be able to quench, extinguish, keep off

e.g. fire, hail Grlr.; yzdn-gyis mi fub-pa

invincible, not to be overcome; nan dgu

fub-pa to be able to subdue every thing

that is bad Lt.- to have under one's com-

mand or control, to keep under, e.g. one's

own body; to be able to bear, e.g. mis

fub-par dka (water from a glacier) is not

easily borne by man, i.e. does not agree

with him Med.;

ras rkyan fub - pa to be

able to bear a simple cotton dress MiL\lo brgya fub-pa to live to (the age of) a

hundred years, frq. 2. with a supine

or verbal root, to be able, col. the usual

word, in B. gen. nus-pa\ cf. ytub-pa.

II. sbst. 1. ^-r^ a mighty one, one

having power and authority, sd-kya-fub-pa

Buddha; a wise man, a sage, a saint in

general, wf^f. 2. symb. num. for 7.

fum(s), also fum-pa Cs., fum-po

Sch., 1. cover, covering, wrapper,

of a book or a parcel; rgydb-pa Sch. to

put (a cover round a thing), to wrap up;

*sig-pa* C., W., *sdn -pa* C. to take off

(a covering); fum-can having a co^er.

2. a parcel wrapped up (in paper etc.).;

Obru- fan- turn bcas together with a small

parcel of tea.

J$!*J" fum-pa 1. v. fum. 2. v. ynyid.

-bu a large

spoon, a ladle; rag-fum a

brass ladle, zans-fum a copper ladle.

as- fur 1. Cs. a declivity (?), prob. only

>o adverbially: down; fur-lam a down-

hill road; fur-la, fur-du down, downward,

Ogr6-ba to go down, nub-pa to sink down;

mgo fur-du bstdn-te head down, head over

heels Stg. ; *ti-pi fur-la sub-ce* W. to un-

cock one's cap. 2. v. fur -mgo, and

fur-ma.

fur -mgo 1. the tip of a spoon,

fur-mgo fsam as a measure Mil.

- 2. also for-mgo halter,*fur -go cug-ce*

W. to bridle, to bit (a horse);*fur -la

fen-ce* W. to strive, to struggle against;

to rear. fur-fag the rein, fur-mfa the

end of the rein.

''fur-bu, fur-ru foal, colt, filly.

,W. *

fur-man*, 1. spoon.-

2. Chinese chopsticks.-- 3. a pole

DzL 9V9, 4. 4. a whole class of surgical

instruments S.g.

nprful 1. egg (ace. to Cunningham a

NO Cashmiri word), ful-ta-gir pancake.

2. v. Odul-ba, also substantively : ful de

min besides this way of converting (people)

Pth.; ful ^6g- tu ^ug -pa Tar. 25, 16 to

keep a tight hand over a person, to dis-

cipline one; zin-gi ful Odebs-pa Ld.-Glr.

to clear land for tillage, ni f.

ful^pa, Cs. also ful-po, dress made

of the skins of animals, a furred

coat or cloak Mil.; lug-ful dress of sheep-

skin, rd-ful dress of goat-skin, ful-lu the

common sheep-skin dress;*ful -can* W.

wide, not fitting close or tight.

_p.._.tul-ba 1 . pf. to Odul-ba, to tame, curb,

N[> check, restrain, Mil. : nds Odre-rnams

ful-nas the goblins having been subdued

by me; las nyon-mons ful-ba dka it is

difficult to check a sinful deed Mil.; parti-

ciple: tamed, civilized; converted. 2. to

roll or wind up Lh.ful-le Ld. impressive, nearly the

same as tur-re.

fm-pa 1. bad = fu-ba, prov.; 2. v.

fu-ba.

''''daily, wha~ is done or is happening everyday; common, general, driQ8-gruh (un-IIIoil,earthly goods, as well as intellectual endowments, considered as common property,but Dot spiritual gifts; (un.min, tU1M1IQn,111« yin-pa unusual, uncommon, not for everybody; "Ci9-la ci9 (un-m6li 00· take goodcnre to live together in ba..mony lV.; (unm(lii - du or Bll in common, in company,jointly; tun-mon by itself is also used asndv., _ (un-&P!lir, in general.~.::r'r ftib-pa (1flll!) J. vb., c. accus., so~ rectimes c. dat., I. to get the betterof, to be able to cope with, to be a matchfor (an enemy), to be able to stand or bear(the cold etc.), to be able to do one harm,10 get at one, dug-fP ma (uh_cbl as thepoison could not do him I\Dy harm Dzl.;to be able to quench. extinguish, keep offe.g. fire, bail Gir.; rJ;an-yyi$ mi tub-painvincible, not to be overoomej .jan drJU(,Ib-pa to ~e able to subdue every thingthat is bad Lt. j to have ullder olle's command or cOlltrol, to keep under, e. g. one'sown bodyj to be able to bear, e.g. m£3ftilJ..par dka (water from a glacier) is noteasily borne by mlUl, i.e. does not agreewith him Med.; r(l.l rkyan ftlh - pa to beable to belli' a simple cotton dress Mil.;1,0 brg!Ja (U},-pa to live to (tbe age of) ahundred years, frq. - 2. with a supineor verbal root, to be able, col. the usualword, in B. gen. nu.,-paj cf. ytiJJ.pa.

II. sbst. 1. lInR a mighty one, onehaving power and authority, 3<'i·lcya.(ulJ..paBuddha; a wise man, a sage, a saint ingeoeral, m. - 2. symb. num. for 7.~(~~y fume.), also (um-pa Ct., fum-po..... Seh., 1. cover, covering, wrapper,of a book or a parcel; f'9Yah-pa &h. toput (ft cover round a thing), to'wrap up;·li[J-pa" c., lV., ·,ali -ra· C. to tnke off(a covering); (um-can having a co"<er. 2. a partel wrapped up (in paper etc.):;iru-tati·aan hc(I.I together with a smallparcel of tea. .~

~r'r ({lIn-pa 1. v, (urn.~

2. v. J'ti!Jid.711 e

£IOl'S', ll're- "m -bu, 'dm -bu a "'If..... spoon, a ladle; r"f}-{um abrass ladle, %alia-tum a copper ladle..£:f\' (ur 1. 01. a declivity(?), prob. only..... adverbially: down; fur-lam l\ downhill road; (it,...la, {ur-du down, downward,o!IrJ-ha to go down, nuo-pa to sink down;m90 (u,'-<iu IAtdn-u head down, head overbeels Stg.; ·ii-pi {ur-la tfilHe'" lV. to uncock one's cap. - 2. v. (ur - 1IIgo, and(lir-ma.~'=:,:&121f iii/' - mgo 1. the tip of a spoon,..... (Ur-1ll[JO {$am as a measure Mil.- 2. also fOr-mgo halter, ·flll·-9O cug-te'"W. to bridle, to bit (a horse); ·(UI'-la(Ifn-~ lV. to strive, to struggle against;to re~u'. - (II/·.(ag tbe rf'in, (ur-m(a theend of the rein.

~,,'~', q:;'~' (Ul'.fm, (ur-I'U foal, celt, filly.~ ~

£:f\'~' (ul'-ma, W. "{Il:-malj', L spoon...... 2. Chinese chopsticks. - 3. a poleD:l. ?V?, 4. - 4. a whole class of surgicalinstruments S.g..5P'l' (ut 1. egg (ace. to Cunningbltm IL

'" Casltmiri word), fid-ta-gir pancake.- 2. v. "dtll.fta, also suhstantively: (ItI demin besides this way of converting (people)PtA.; {ut AJ - tu Jug -pa Tal'. 25, 16 tokeep a tight band over IL persoll, to discipline one; zin_gi (ui odibt-pa Ld.-Gll'.tq, clear land for tillage, IIi f.~·:.r (ul-pa, 01. also {Itl-po, dress made..... of the skins of animals, a furredcoat or cloak Mil. j Mg.(ul dress of sheepskin, "a-(ui d~s of goat-skin, (M..lu thecommon sbeep-skin dress; .(/il- tan· lV.wide, not fitting close or tight.~'.I:l' (u1./)a 1. pf. to oduW,a, to tame, curb,'" check, restrain, Mil.: fitit "dri-l71anlt(ul-nat the goblins having been subduedby me; kl8 nyon - m.;ui. (ul- ha dka it isdifficult to check a sinful deed Mil.; participle: tamed, civilized; converted. - 2. toroll or wind up Lh. _.Q"..f'~' (Ui-le Ld. impressive, nearly the..... same as Wf-n.i1~.t1. fUt--pa 1. bad = lit-bu, prov.; 2. v.~ Q /it.-IJa. .

.-P~

fe

5f fe 1. for te-mo\ 2. num.: 100.

/. -rfi'i;/ scruple, doubt, uncertainty,

hesitation, occasionally used for /-

// _ fo, C'. also Vt -6a*, pf.

the col. syn. of ytogs-pa, seldom in

/>' , 1 . to belong, appertain to, c. la. 2. to

occupy one's self with a thing, to meddle

with, to interfere, c. dan (= dri-ba); fe-

mKan belonging together, c. la, belongingto a thing; *ma-fe-a* W. for ma-fe-bar,ma -

ytogs -par', fe -reg the connexion or

relation of ownership, di-la ydb-kyi fe-

reg med to this my father has no claims

Mil. nt.

& -h>, fe-bon W. thumb, v.

feb-mo.

l- ft-tse, diminutive feu, resp.

pyag - U seal, signet, stamp ,*fe - tse

gydb-ce, or ndn-ce* to seal, to stamp; sa-

fe Tar. 79, 12(?); *te-tse lag-k&r tdn-wa*

to engage, to bind one's self by a seal in

some common concern.

fe ~ ts(>m doubt, scruple, uncertainty,

perplexity, fe-fsom skyes, byed(W.*&>*), za, fe-fsom-du gyur I am doubtful;fe-fsom za-ba-^rnams scrupulous, irresolute

persons Pth.',*fe-fsom man-po rag* W. I

am in great perplexity, I am quite at a

loss; fe-fsom zig Odri-ba to utter a doubt

Dzl*

fe-ran v. feu-ran.

fe-re col. straight, upright, firm;smooth,

without folds or wrinkles; fe-re fin

C. draw (the carpet) smooth.

fe-rel W. incomplete, defective, un-

finished, fe-re'l-la lus son (the loaf)

is not whole, there has already been cut

from it.

}* fe-li v. fa-li.

feg-pa 1. sbst. Tgrpr,1- vehicle, car-

riage, riding-beast, rtai feg-pa-la zon

he mounted on horseback Dzl.; feg-pa liia-

brgyd bsams he procured five hundred con-

veyances (horses, elephants, carriages) D:l.

2. for attaining to salvation, tig-pa yw/mthree conveyances are generally mentioned,but in most cases only two are specified,

viz. feg-(pa} <faian(-pa), ^nqn. and

feg(-pa) %en~po, Tf^T^TW, gen. calledl

th.-

little and the great conveyance or vehicle',

by means of which the distant shore of

salvation may be reached. Yet mention

is also made of a *hdg*-kyi feg-pa, q^qilmantrayana, e.g. Tar. 180, 13. For more

particulars about these vehicles, and other

more or less confused and contradictory

notions, the works of Koppen and esp.

Wasiljew may be consulted.

II. vb. 1. to lift, raise, hold up. support

Mil., Glr.\ hence kri-fegs leg of a table

Sch.; feg-Kug C. knapsack, travelling-bag.

2. to raise, set up fig. bsad-gdd to raise

a loud laugh Mil. - - 3. most. frq. to be

able to carry, ){. feg-pa as much as youare able to carry Dzl.; mis feg-fsdd yogas much as one man is able to carry Tar. ;

esp. with a negative: ma feg he was not

able to hold him up Dzl.; mi- feg Rur to

carry what is too heavy to be carried (by

ordinary muscular strength), to strain one's

self by lifting, Med.; to endure, tolerate,

stand, K6ii-mam$-kyi nan ma teg-par not

being able to stand their urgent demands

Mil,;to bear, to undergo without detriment

skyid feg sdug feg to be able to bear goodfortune and ill fortune. Cf. Ote'ffs-paj Odegs-

pa.fen 1 fen -rd Mil., *ia - ten* Ld., the

dead body of an animal killed bybeasts of prey.

- - 2.*fen -la* C. down,

downward, e.g. Ityrir-na, yvg-pa, bor-ira*.

to fling down.

W., lame, hobbling, limping.

fens time, times, Avis /// five times

7V//.; (Um<j*-fens tig -la in one

breathing, at a stretch; without int.-r-

mission Pth.

fen 1. a little while, a moment 2. v.

*Ofen-pa.

T fen-pa tax, duty, impost &

235

?t (e 1. for (1..,110: 2. Dum.: 100.

~.~~. (t- rfdg scruple, doubt, uncertainty,1 hesitation, aceasionally used for (6

(.om.

~.~. fl- 00, C. also ·f;. ha·, pr, (a &h.,lilt 001. syu. of rtOg.-pa, seldom in

lJ" 1. to belong, appertain to, c. lao - 2. tooccupy one's self with II. thing, to meddlewith, to interfere, c. daii (_ .dri - 00); {6",Ean belonging together, c. la, belonging10 n. tIling; ·'lla-ft-a* W: for ma-fUar, ""'110 - rt4fp - pari (t - rig the conoe.;oD orrelation of owuuship, di -fa yub-lcY{ (t

rig mid to this my father has no claims.Mil.111.

~.tf, ~.~. (~-bo, fe-bOli w: thumb, v.feb-mo.

£t~ (M7IO, col. (I-Ut, diminutiYc feu, resp.pyag - (l seal, signet, stamp, ·fe· ue

gfJdb-i:t, or 1ldn..(o~ to seal, to stamp; 3(1fi Tar. 79, 12(?); -a-bit lag-kOr t(iIi-lt~

to engage, to bind one's self by a senl insome common concern.~.~. (e-tWIII doubt, scruple, uncertainty,

perplexity, (e·(l6In d:ya, byed(W-co-), .ro, (e-(wl/I-du g!Jur I nm doublful;(t.(8(tm za-ba-rno!1U scrupulous, irresolutepersons J1't1l.; -(e-.(wm '11M -po r4[/' W: II\m in grent. perplexity, I nm quite nt II.

loss; (e-mm zig _dri-ba to utter II. doubtDd.

~'~!:;,' fe-rali Y. (ttt-rm;.

~'~' (e-ri col. straight, upright, firm; smooth,without folds or wrinkles; (t-ri fi,l

C, draw (the carpet) smooth.

~'~~. (Mil lV. incomplete, defective, un-finished, (t-r~l-la lUI lO,i (the lonl)

is not whole, there has already been cutfrom it.~'~. (e-li v. (a-ii.

~'q' (~-pa 1 sbst. ~, 1. vehicle, car-riage, ridi"9"beast, rtar: (,lg-pa-ia zon

he mounted on norsebllck D;;l.; (lf1-pa biabrgyd Mam. he procured five hundred convoy:mees (horses, elel'hant.;ful·l'~)DJl.

2. for attaining to 8alvatioD, (ig-p4 ) ..mthree conveyancts are gene...lly mentioned,but in most ClllICS only two are .pecified,vi~. (itI·(/Ja) dmulI(.ptl), ""ql", and(~-pa) 'tell-po, ~TIt", p;en. caned 'thelittle and the great conveyance or vehick',by meft-ns of which the distllllt shore ofsl\lmtion lDay be reacbed. Yet mentiollis nlso made of a .rid9'-J..yi (Ig-pa, f1'f:etU.,malltraydlla, c.g. Tar. 180, 13. For morepart.iculafS about these "ehicles, alld othermore or less confused nnd contradictorynouons, the works of Koppen and esp.W""i!itw may be consulted.

II. vb. 1. to lift, raise, hold up. supportMil., Glr.; hence llri-fff/8 leg of a table&11.; (tg_l.l,ig C. knAIISl\Ck, travelling.bag.- 2. to raise, sel up fig. biad.gdd to raiseA loud 1110gb Mil. - 3. most. frq. to beable to carry, Ji (;g - po. as much as youAre able to carry Dzl.; ft," (tg-6dll rNyM mucb as oue mAn is able to carry Tar.;esp. with 1\ negnti\'e: ma. (ty he was notable to hold him up D:l.; mi-(tg r"r tocarry what is too hell")' to be carried (byordinl\ry muscular strength), to strain one'sself by lifting, Mtd.; to endure, tolerate,sumd, lfoil-I'1II).IIIlJ-kyi 1Ia11 ma {tg-par notbeing nble to stand tbeir urgent demands/;fil.; 10 bear, to undergo without detriment,skyid (tg w.ug (ty to be able to bear goodfortune I\nd ill fortune. Cf. ,pgs-pa, illgf1"'.-~:: (eli 1 (eli -ro ],fiL, -ia· (hi- IA., the

dead Oody of an animal kiUed bybcast.s of pre)'. - 2. -(bi-la- r..: down,downward, e.g. -/ryN"-tCO, yi#o-pa, Ur-I«lI-,10 fling down.Ejc'::f (,J,i-po HI•., a..-/.Hl &h., -(~il·tlll.

W:, lame, hobbling. limping.~~ (tH' time. times. (Iii, ilia Ih'e timet

l-'th.; (lbllfJl - (eli. Cit; - fa in onebreAthing, at • stretch; without intermission Pth.~ (ro I. a little white, a momenl- 2. v.

len-pa.

~._8.1'" tax, dUty, impost &A.

236*

feb If }' fo-U

rW feb 1. for fern, full Glr. 2. for fobs

Glr., C. 3. feb -mo, feb-cen the

thumb, feb-cun the little finger; v. mfe-bon.

fab8 series, order, succession Sch.,

febs-re byed-pa to do successively;

febs-pa v. Ofebs-pa.

rjj-q.fem-pa I. 1 . threshold

, r^aZ- 6a to

cross it (rZr.; sgo

- fern door -sill,

threshold; yd -fern head -piece of a door-

frame, lintel, ma -fern sill, threshold Glr.

- 2. staircaise, stairs, flight of steps, /<///-

skds id.; *fem-so* W. step, stair; fern -rim

Cs. 1. the several steps of a staircase.

2. rank, dignity. rdo-fem stone staircase;

I'or-fem winding stairs 6s. II. 1. to be

full, complete, zla-dus fem-pa dan when

the time of the months was fulfilled Glr.

frq.; zag ycig ma fem-pa-la one day being

still wanting Glr.; fogya fern -pa v. fam-

pa Glr. -- 2. W.: to be sufficient, enough.- 3. to receive (?) Sch.

III. Sch. = fen-pa, tax, impost, tribute.

fem-bu, fem-fsans stopping, closing,

shutting up; a stoppage Sch.

fems-yig Sch. memorial.

. feu-ran Glr., fe-brdn Lt., fe-rdn

Ma., a sort of demons.

fer 1. bald, bare, spyi-fer Thgy. a bald

head; a bald-headed person; fer -fer

C. flat. 2. = fe-re(T) pyi fer nan gog

strong and hale outside, decayed within

Mil.; fer-zug-pa rtdg-pa Thgr.

fer-JbumSch. 1000000000; fer-

9Obum-cen-po 1 000 000 000.

fer-ma a kind of thin woollen cloth,

a flannel-like fabric, le-ter made of

shawl-wool, bal-fer of common wool.

fel for fe-li, rag-tel C. a plate made

of latten brass.

fel-ba W. frq.= sleb-pa to arrive,

cf. fdl-ba II., 4.

ftl-se Sch. and Wts. a seal, stamp,

= fe-tse.

fes-pa Sch. pf.to fe-ba; = fes-bsun

Lt.?

fo 1. num. for 130. --2. register, list,

catalogue, index; fo Obri-ba to register,

to make out a list or catalogue Schr.;sleb-

fo, Obyun-to account of receipts, son-fo, bud-

fo, skydg-fo account of expenditures; btdit-

fo account of money or goods lent out;

nyo-fo account of goods bought, bill; lo-fo

calendar, almanac; dei Idg-tu prin-bor-folist of orders or directions given to him

(lit. laid down in his hands); dei rgyud-la fob-to a list of things which his relations

shall receive.

fo-gdr Pth.; ace. to Sch. the Turko-

mans;Tar. 18, Schf. : Tukhara. name

of a people in the northwest of India;

prob. the Togarmah of the Bible.

'cf'ftfo-co Mil, a foolish joke, unbefitting

a sensible man.

cf^ fo-pyi Schr. love(?), in Pth. it seems" to signify the sky.

to-ba, mfo-ba, a large hammer,

to-bas rdun - ba to hammer,to forge; rdo-fo a stone hammer, sin-fo a

wooden hammer, mallet; *fo-cuh* 1. an

ordinary hammer. 2. the cock of a gun.

- 3. a soldering-stick. Lh.

fo- fsdm-pa to scorn, scoff, jeer,

sneer at, vex, insult, mock, c. la,

by words Dzl., also by actions Dzl. ; snan-

cud to- fsdm-pa bzod-par ysol pardon our

having sneered at you before ! Mil.;also

mfo-mfsdm-pa, -btsdm-pa, -brtsdm-pa.

fo-yor stone pyramid, heap of stones

(cairn).

fo-rdm 1. dawn, break of day, early

morning, to-rdns(-kyi} dus-su early

in the morning; 2. the following, the next

morning, c. genit. ;both also adverbially:

de dan mjal-bai fo-rdns on the morningafter having met him.

If^" to-re W. to-morrow (B., C. san).

fo-re-ba, tor-tsdl Cs. : a few; Mil.,

fog-re-tsal a little while.

fo-lum v. fu-lum.

- to-le 1. fo-U Odebs-pa to spit, c. la,

at or on Pth. (cf. fu).-- 2. button

C. 3. fo-U dkdr-po C. chalk. 4. fo-le-

rgyal Mil.?

236

~. reb L (Of (em, lull Glr. - 2. for (alAGlr., C. - 3. (e&.'11I(I, feb-ern the

thumb, (eb-~n the little finger; v. m(e-b<J,i.~~ (ebs series, order. succession. &11"

febs-re byed-pa to do successively;(ib~a \', oftln.pa.~;r.:r fhn-pa I. L threshold, 1'9111- ba to

cross it Glr.; 8f}Q - (em door - sill,threshold; yd-flm head-piece of a. doorframe, lintel, ma - rem sill, threshold GIl'.- 2. staircaise, stairs, flight of steps, (em

sku! id.; -'em-..!6. W step, stair; fem_rimCt. I. the several steps of a staircase.2. rank, dignity. - n:io-fhn stone staircase;A'(p'..(bn winding stairs C&. ~ n. I. to belull, complete, da-dU/! (em-pa daTi whenthe time of the months wa.s fulfilled GIl'.fN).; ~ag )'Hg ma fhn-pu-Ia one day beingstill wanting Glr.; brfIYa fhn-pa v. fampa GIl'. - 2. lV.: to be sufficien4 enough.- 3. to receive(?) &11.

III. Sen. = (in-pa, tax, impost, tribute.~5-l'~' (bn-bu, (nll- umi8 stopping, closing,

shutting up; a stoppage ScI•., ~

.E1~~·D.ltJJ· fnns-yig Sek memorial.

m''::'I:: (eu-rd,i GIr., fe-b!'u.; Lt., (e-!'dil~ Ara., a sort of demons.~.::.' fer 1. bald, bare, spyi-fk TI'9!J' a bald

head; a bald-headed person; fer-ferC. flat. - 2. _ (t-ri(/) hi fer lIa,j gogstrong and hale outside, decayed withinAlil.; fn·-zUg-pa ... l'tug_pa 'J'hg/'.

~~'a.s~' fer-oMm Seh. 10Cl00Cl00Cl0; (n'-

obum-cen-po IOOOOOOOOClO.~'::':o;r fir-rna a kind of thin woollen cloth,

a flannel-like fabric, INer made nfshawl_wool, bal-fer of common wool.~...j" fel for ft-u, rag-til C, a plate made

of Jatten bross.£r.J'.:::r fel-ba W: frq. -.Ub - pa to arrive,

cf. fdl-ba 11., 4.£r...j"~' fel-u Seh. and Wis. a seal, stamp,

- ft-w.~~'''r fes-pa Sel,. pf. to fe-b4.; - fa-bmn

Lt.'! ,"f fo 1. num. for 130. - 2. register, list,

catalogue, Index; fo obl'i.J.ia to register,

to make out a list or catalogue &hr.; aUlJ..(0, obyil;,-to account of receil'ts, a<!1i-fo, bUdfO, skyug-fo account of expenditures; ht(;;.fo account of money or goods lent out;lIyd_fo account of goods bought, bill: la-focalendar, almanac; dii ldg-tu prin-btn-folist of orders or directions given to him(lit. laid down in his hands); dei rgyildla fa-fo a list ofthings which his relationsshall receive. .!f::tF-. fo-gd!' PIll.; ace. to Sel,. the Turko-

mans; '1'ar. 18, &Iif.: Tukhara, nameof a people in the northwest of Tndia;prob. tile Togarmah of the Bible.f(if ta-/:o Mil., a foolish joke, unbefitting

a sensible man.~ fof!J! Beltr. lovem, in Pth. it seems

to signify the sky.

f(.::r ~if.::r t6-ba, m(6-ba, a large hammer,, fd-/ma rd{(lj ~ Va to hammer,

to forge; rd6-fo 1'1 stone hammer, ~i,i-fo 1'1

wooden hnmmer, mallet; '"fo-cuoi'" 1. anordinary hammer. - 2. the cock of a gun.- 3. a soldering,stick. M•.ff"~~'q (o-of.dm-pa to scorn, scoff, jeer,

sneer at, vex, insult, mock, c. la,by words D::L, also by actions D::l.; s,ianCud to-ofwm-pa bzdd-par rsol pardon ourhaving sneered at yOlI before! Mil.; al~o

m(l)-1Ilfaam-pa, -bUtim-pa, -brisdm-pa.

f(Df.::.: fo-IJ!" stone pyramid, heap of stones(cairn).

f(.::..~~' fo-runs 1. dawn, break of day, earlymorning, ta-l·U;'.(-kgi) dia-su enrly

in the morning; 2. the following, the nextmorning, c. genit.; both also adverbially:de daft m)al.bai (0 - I'd/is on the morningafter having met bim.

fi::' ftJ-re lV, to-morrow (11, C. 8ati).

£fi::'~' fJ..re-bu, to/'-tsdllA.: a few; Mil.,fOf/-re-tsal a little while.

£f!?J~' fo-lUlll v. flVlUm.

Sf~· to-Ii 1. to-li odibs - pa to sp~ e. la.at or on Pth. (cf. fu). - 2. button

C. - 3. fa-Ii dkdr-p<J C. chalk. - 4. fo-Iergya~ MjJ:1

}'SRT *W<k/ (7. mule, hinny.

toy I. what is uppermost 1. roof, %Jtit/>s-pa to cover with a roof, to roof

(a house) t'rq. ; &# ^gd-ba id.;also fig. to

complete, to crown a thing Mil.; *tdg-sanan - re* W. to roof, to finish a roof by

beating and stamping down the earth or

sods, of which the covering consists; tog-

I'd-h yton-ba Mil. id.; also fig. to impress,

c. genit., Mil. *fog-kdrJf

W., the openingfor the smoke in a roof. fog- can havinga roof, *f6g-yog* W. under cover. -

2. ceiling; yd-fog ceiling, md-fog floor of

a room. -- 3. story, dgu-tog having nine

stories or floors, frq. 4. in a general

sense : fog Odren-pa Mil. to be at the head,

to lead, direct, govern; fog -/car, W.*Ka-

fog-la*, on, upon, Kydg-fog-Kar on the ice

Glr.' fog-tu, and tog-fog adv. up, up to;

above; ydii-fog-tu in the uppermost place,

quite at the top, Glr.; postp. c. genit. (or

accus.) 1. on, upon, e.g. to lay on, to place

upon Pth.; sems fog-tu Iji-bar byuu-nas

lying heavy, weighing heavily, upon one's

mind Glr.; nai fog-tu byun my heart wassmitten (by that); that has touched, has

grieved my heart Mil.; fog-tu Kel-ba Mil.,

vb. act. to it. 2. above Glr. 3. towards,in the direction of, e.g. running towards,mai fog-tu Dzl.

; yd-fog, md-fog ad. above,

below, or up to, up stairs, and down, down

stairs Mil. 4. to, e. g. to send to Dzl.

5. dmag-fog at the head of the army, or

only with the army. (i. during, as long as,

throughout; whilst (fog gen. without -tu),

dgun-fog throughout the whole winter;

*dir d-Ku sem fser fog* whilst her husband

is here in great anxiety Ld.; bgros-fog

during the walk. Cf. also iia-og, pi-fogas sbst. : morning, evening, forenoon, after-

noon W. 7. directly after, bzos-fog ^6-mafresh milk, S.g. (s.l.c.). fog-nas \. above,

more than, *lo nab-cu fog-ne ma lus* Lrf.

they remained, i.e. lived not more than fifty

years. 2. on the part of, Thgy., analogous to

pyogs-nas.

II. thunderbolt, lightning ; fog dan ser-ba

lightning and bail, tog-4r-gyi ynod-pa

damage done by the elements; toy Jbdb-

l>a lightning descending, rgyab-pa striking,

fog-bdbs-su Obyon-pa to arrive, to approachquick or suddenly like lightning Tar., re.-p.:

f6g-gis yukfya S.g., tog bdb-steOti-ba Do.

to be killed by lightning.

III. 1. fruit, produce, dkdr-tog v. dkdr-

po; Mit-tog produce of the fields Dzl.; lo-

tog a year's produce; sin -tog produce of

a tree or other plant, fruit; ymr-tog this

year's crop S.g.', fog-jnid first-fruits, as an

offering; fog-Ms id.(?).-- 2. W. fortune,

wealth, property, *nul-li tog* property in

money, cash in hand; (jtypi-tog common

property, property belonging to a com-

munity.IV. in ma- fog^-fse) for ma tag, col.

and Thgy., s. 1. c., v. tag. Cf. also tog-tag,

fog-ma, togs-pa.

nqrcov f a - aai prob. augmentative of

'

fog, v. tdg-tu 6, also tag -fog,

during, as long as, throughout; quite, mfnan

fog-fdg-tu all night long; nyi-ma-ytig-gibdr-du fog- fag during a whole day; /<////

fog-fag gait- no the roads were quite full

(of snow) Dzl.

5JZ7r$r fog -ma what is uppermost, 1. the

upper end. the uppermost place. <//<;/-

gyi fog-ma-la Odug-go they sat down in

the first, or uppermost, place Dzl.; gen.

2. origin, beginning; fo</-mat xuits-rgyd* kun-

tu-bzdn-po Adibuddha Samautabhadro, so

a deity is called, by which a prayer has

been appointed that is supposed to be

particularly efficacious; tog-ma Zo-rig* mto-

ba of noble birth, as regards his origin

Dzl.; tog-ma btsds-pai fsf-na, fog-ma btsds-

nas, f6g-ma sky?s-nas already at his birth,

from his very birth Dzl.', fog-ma mJd-pa-

nas, dus tog-med-nas time out of mind,

from eternity; tog-ma-nas from the very

beginning; of itself; as a matter of course

Dzl.; bsiibs-pai tog-fdg-la as soon as they

began to fill up Glr.; tog-mfa-bar-du at

first, later, in conclusion (lit. in the be-

ginning, end, and middle) Lt.\ most frq.

tog-mar 1. at first, first, the Lat primum,

£f~r (Q-/dy C. mule, hinny.

~. (og J. what is uppermost 1. rool, (og.bMn-pa to co"er wilh n roof, w roof

(ft house) frq.; (oy <f]il-ba id.; I\lso fig. 10complete, to crown a thing !JIil.; .(Og ~.It

11(". ~ h* 11': to roof, to finish a roof bybeating and stamping dOll'n the earth orsods, of whiclt tile covering consists; (ogrd:i. rton-!Ja Mil. id.; I1lso fig. to impress,e. genit., Mil. - ·(og-J.:dr~ W:, the openingfor the smoke in a roof. - (oy·can havingII. roof, ·fOg~yog" W: under covcr. 2. ceiling; yd.-(oy ceiling, ma-(og floor ofn room. - 3. slory, d£/U-fOg having ninestories or floors, frq. - 4. in a genernlsense: (og .drm-pa !JIil. to be at the head,to lead, direct, govern; fog -Ra,', \v, "J!a~

fOg-la·, on, upon, I!ydrrfog-l!ar on the iccGlr.; tOg-lu, Dnd fog-fOy adv. up, up to;above; ydn-(oy-tu in the uppermost place,quite I\t the top, Glr.; poslp. c. genit. (oraccus.) I. on, upon, e.g. w lay on, w placeul'on Pth.; $ffll3 (Og-tu l)f-bal' bY(fli~nal

lying henvy, weighing hcavily, upon one'smind Glr.; ,iai tOg-tit byUl; my hcart wassmitten (by that); tlJat hllS touched, hasgrievt'd my heArt !JIil.; (og-lu JEd-ba Mil.,vh. ACt. to it. 2. above GIl'. 3. towards,in thc direction of, c.g. running towards,Mal fog-tu Dzl.; yd._(og, md-(og ad. above,below, or up to, up stairs, lind down, downstairs Mil. 4.. to, e. g. to send to D::l.:i. dmag_ (og at the head of tile army, oronly with the Drmy. G. during, as long as,throughout; whilst (fog gen. without -tu),dgun ~ (0[1 throughout tlte wbole winter;"dir rl-J.'u um f~,' fog" Wllilst her husbandis bCl'c in great anxiety J.d.; !Juro' - fogduring tho wnlle. Cf. also ,ia-og, pi-(()gas sbst.: morning, evening, forenoon, afternoon W; 7. directly aller, b~~fog ~d-ma

fresh milk, S.g. (s.1. c.). - (og-'la. J. above,more than, "10 ,iub-c!J fog""l§ "1(1 btl" Ld.they relDained, i.e. li"ed not more tuan fiftyyears. 2. on the part 01, TI1[l!l., annlogous toi1Idg.-nfn.

n. thunderbolt, lightning; ~ i!«,j SJr-k

lightning and hail, (()(J - fir - 9$1' "wd-padamage done 1'1 tile elemeou; (o!! .hdb1'" light.ning descending, rlJYub-pa striking,(og..IHibNu .by(m·lHl to arriff', I() approAChquick or suddenl,.like lightning ']'ar., rClip.:(VfI·gu f'Mfa 8.g.• fog lHib-Jlt lJ-lm. Do.w be killed by ligl,tning.

IJI. l. fruit, produce, dl:d,·.fog v. dkdr_1)0; Hi.-(og produce of tile fields D:I.; 18tOg a yellor's tlroducej Jiil-(tJtj produce ofII t.ree or other plant, fruit; rJar-fOg thisyear's crop S.g.; f()(J1Nd first--fruits, ..~ anoffering; fog-~ti. id.(?). _ 2. W: fortune,wealth, property, "~"I-li (og" propclty inmoney, casb in hand; (')P( - fog \XImmonpro(ICrty, property belonging to " coInmUDity.

IV. in ma- f09(-(u) for ma (ag, col.lUld Tllgy., s.1. e., \'. (ag. Cf. 1\150 foy_(tig,(Og-lIla, fOg'-pa.ifil'1PT (og.(Ug, prob. augmentMil'e of

(og, Y. (Og - tlJ 6, also fag _ fOg,during, as long as, throughout; quite, lIIfsul.

(og-(dg-Iu nil niglJt. long; f1yi-mo- rH!HJibdr-du (og-lag during a whole day; l(llnfog~(ag gun ~ ti~ the roads .....cre quite full(of snow) DzI:~.~. fOg-ma what is uppermost, 1. the

upper end. the uppermost place, [lrotgyi (Orma-Ia .dity. flO they ut dOll'n inthe first, or UPI.efloost, place D:l.; gen.2. origin, beginning; ftJg-mai .I./I;'-rgyti, l:u,...tu.bz(iIi~po Adibuddbl\ SalUllntabbadrr., son deity is called, by which 1\ prayer hasbeen appointed thAt is snpposed to beparticularly effiracious; (dfJ·ma lo-ri[p ItI(6

ba of noLle birtb, a.s regaJ'ds his ori'l'inDzl.: fOg-tllll b~tU~pai (fi./Ia, fdg-mu bt,ti.'lat, (Og""ntl sJ.-ya-mfl all'('ld)' at hi,. hirth,from his ver), birth D:l.; (oy-roo IIIid-panat, dIU (oy-"litl- lIa' time out of mind,from eternity; fdg."lll-na, from the \'crybeginniDg; of itself; AS .. matter of courseDzl.; bsitb--pai (og-fag-in as soon as theybegan to fill "II Glr.; (og-IIt(U-bo.r-dft atfirst, later, iD conelui'ioo (liL in tile bef?ioning, end, and middle) /.t.; m06t feq.(tIjj-,uuo' l. at first, first, the !.at. IlriDIUnl,

238'"

fog-fsdd 'ST fob-pa

primo, and primus.- - 2. postp. c. genit.

before,

with respect to time Mil. - -fog-

drans-pa Pth., Glr., Sch.: 'at first, begun';

our Lama explained it by 'to lead, to guide',

v. fog I, 4.

fog- tsdd W. story (of a house) ;

fog-so Mil nt. id.

'

fogs v. Odogs-pa, and Jogs-pa.

fogs-pa, c. la, to strike, stumble,

run against (like fug -pa v. 3);

to be hindered, impeded, delayed, frq. ;mi Kyi

gdt'i- laar'i fogs -pa med - du without being

hindered by men, dogs, or anything else

Mil. ; fogs-pa-med-pa, fogs-med, fogs-brdugs-

(or(b~)rtug-)med-pa, %*{$ not hindered, un-

impeded, unchecked; all-searching, all-pene-

trating.

"

fon, fon-sol a plough.

'pTfon-Ka Mil, fon-ga M/tg.?

fon-pa 1. Cs. a ploughman. 2. 6s.:

'a ram that is castrated, wether; ra-

fon a castrated he-goat'; according to myauthorities, however, fon-pa, and ra-fon

signify a ram and he -goat one year old,

fon - fser and ra - fstr being the feminine

forms (?) --3. fon-pai lo Mil. the years

between childhood and manhood, juvenile

years, Sch. fon-po, cf. Kydg-fon.

If^'^r fon-spu mane of the camel Sch.

^r fons-pa Mil.?

tod 1. 6s. a head-ornament, crown; gen.

the usual covering for the head in the

East, turban, la-fod Glr. id.; dbu-fod resp.;

sd -yig fod - du bans - pai ka the letter k

having for a crown the letter s: S Zam.- 2. = fog I.: *go-fo* C. over or above

the door; tfa-fod-la, Ka-fog-la, Ka-tod-la,

up, upon Ld. --3. threshold, yd-fod, md-

fod = yd-re, ma-re. 4. v. fod-pa.- - 5.

fod-rgdl ce-ba (fon?) Mil., ace. to the con-

text: angry, wrathful. --6. fod-fod v. su.

fod-pa 1. skull, cranium; skull of a

dead person, death's head;fod-skdm

a dry skull, fod-rlon a fresh skull Thgr. ;

fod-Krdg a skull filled with blood Thgr.;

fod-por a drinking -cup made of a skull.

2. col. forehead, brow; fod-rtsd vena

frontalis Lt. ; fod-cins, fod-Kebs, tod-brgydn,turban.

Br-^-rj^-fod-le-k6r Lex. alabaster; Tar.

67, 18 Schf.= ^rf^rr, chalk.

"rfc' ton v. Ofon-pa and Odon-pa; fon-pa C.

also : good, fair, beautiful; smrd-bar fon-

pa eloquent.

Hr'ir' fon-mi, or fu-mi sam-bho-ta n. ofXjO* os| _

'

the minister that was sent to India

by king Sronbtsansgampo, in order to pro-cure an alphabet for writing.

Ip* fob 1. v. tob-pa. 2. v. Odebs-pa.

Sn'jr* tob-cu Schr., *fob-ce, tob-ci, teb-cu*^

C., button (v. tob-ci).

fob-pa I. vb. (synon. to myed-pa,and exclusively in use in W.) 1.

to find, frq.-- 2. to get, obtain, nas fob

B., na-la fob col., I find, I get; fob -par

Qgyur-ba id.; to partake of, to come to,

dad-pa faith (to come to the faith) Mil.;

to obtain, to get possession of, to subject to

one's power Dzl. ; da-drdg fob-mfdr Gram. :

after (words) that have got a da-drdg;

saits^gyds, rgydl-po, bddg-po, fob-pa (lit.

to get the Buddha etc.) to become a Buddha,a king, a lord; *cag

- dzod fob-ce* W. to

become frq. (cf. rgydl-po).

II. sbst. that which has been got or

obtained: the sum, result, of a calculation

etc. Wdn.

III. *fob-ce(8}* W. adj. that which is

to be got or received, e.g. *bulon fob-ces-

si bun-yig* a list of demands to be called

in, of money owing.

Comp. fob-rgydl byed-pa to rob, pillage,

plunder (?) Sch.; fob-cd the share which

one gets C. fob -fan Cs. 'income, re-

venue';more accurately : that which falls

to one's share, as a reward or pay, for

work, services etc., e.g. bits of cloth or

silk, which a tailor may keep for himself.

fob-nor 1. share, quota. 2. quotient.

fob-bio C. desire, bkur-sti fob-pa ambition

Schr. fob - fsir(lit.

the turn of getting,

238

primo, MId primllS. - 2. postp. c. genit.before, with respect to time Mil. - fog_dra;,s-pa Plh., GII'., &11.: 'at first, begun';our Lama el.:plRined it by 'to lead, to guide',v. fog I, 4.iPrc:5~. fag - fsdd lV. story (of a house);

fog-8(l Mil TIt. id.

~~ f0[/8 v. "ddg~-pa, and "fOgIl-fJf1.

fFl~·:.r f6gs-pa, c. la, to strike, stumble,run against (like fug ~ pa Y. 3);

to be hindertd, impeded, delayed, frq.; mi Atyigu;, _lall;' (Og~ - pa mM - du without beinghindered by men. dogs, or any~"ing elseMil.; (ofp-pa-'11iM-pa, (O!J~-1IIId, (ags-brd/igs(or(b)rtug-)/lled-pa,~ not hindered, un·impeded, unchecked; all.searthing, all·pen~.

trating.

~. (on, (on.sdl a plough.

~'r foii-Ita Mil., (olii/a ,11';9.1

~•.::r (oli-pa 1. Cs. a ploughman. - 2. ell.:'a ram that is castrlited, wether; ro

fQ1i 0. eustrated he-goat'; n<:cording to myauthorities, howe\'er, fd,i-pa, find ra·(tMsigllify a rom lind he - goat one year old,(on - (sir nnd m - ffir being the feminineforms (?) - 3. flJli-pai lo Mil. the yearsbetween childhood and manhood, juvenileyears, Sc"- (d/i-po, cf. Jl9d[J-fo/i.

~'~r fOli-spu mane of the camel &h.~

~~r'r (o,is-pa Mil. ~

Of· rod 1. G. a head-ornament, crewn; gen.'"fl the usual covering for the head in theEast, turban, la-fOd Glr. id.; dlm-fOd rasp.;~d - yig f/xl- du W;,s _pai ka the letter khaving for a Clown the letter s: ~ Zam.- 2. _ (ag 1: -go-f.,r- C. over or abovethe door; lla-fOd-la, fa-fdg-la, /..'a-ttJd-la,up, upon J.d. - 3. threshold, yo.-fod, md·fod _ yo.-re, mo.-re. - 4. v. f&d-pa. - 5.(od.rgdl 'U-ba (foM) Mil., nce. to the context: angry, wrathful. - 6. fod-fOd v. m.;;r.:.·l:f fOd-pa I. skull, cranium; skull of n.~l dead person, death's head; (od-skdma dry ~kull, fod-'1'ldn n. fresh skp.lI TllfJl'J

f(xJ-l.!rdg a skull filled with blood Thyr.;(od.pol' a drinking-cup m::ule of 1\ skull.- 2. col. forehead, brow; fod - ,·tsd vennfrontalis IA.; (od-Cilis, (od-Itlbs, lod-lJr!JlJo.n,turban.~.~.iTf.' fOfMc-Kdr '...ex. alabaster; Tar.

67, 18 &hf - llI'ft1It, chalk:.~. ton v. ofon.-pa and od6n-pa; (oo-pa C.

also: good, fair, beautiful; jlllrd.bar (671p« eloquent.

~.~. f6n-mi, or (iJ-mi sam-Md-ta n. ofthe minister that was sent t~ India

by king Sroitbtsansgampo, in order to procure nn alphahet for writing.

fRo foo 1. v. tdb·pa. - 2. v. "del.-pa.

fR'~' fob-iFu &!lr., -fob-ce, UJb-Ci, feb-~*C., buHon (v. tob-i'i).

~.",. (ob.pa I. vb. (synon. to 1"nyed_pa,aod c:lclusively in use in IV.) 1.

to find, frq. - 2. to get, obtain, lias fob11., tid-la fob col., I liod, I get; fob-pal'ouy"r - La id.; to partake of, to come to,ddd-pa faith (to come to the faith) Mil.;to obtain, to get possession 01, to subject toone's power D;:J.; da-dl'dg fOO-1IIfo.r Gram.;After (words) that have got n da-drdg;SIl';""I'$yo.8, 'rgyul-po, bdo.g-po, fob-pa (lit.to ge~ the Buddha etc.) to become a Buddha,a. king, (L lord; -cafJ·dzM fob-U' nr; tobecome &q. (ef. rg9o.l-po). -

n. shst. that which has been got orobtained: the sum, result, of fI. calculationetc. Han.

III. -fdb-ce(8)- IV. adj. that which isto be got or received, e.g. -bitlon fdb·tnIii bim-yiu' a list of demands to be calledin, of money owing.

Compo fob-ry!Jdl b!lbl-pa to reb, pillage,plunder 0') &h.; (ob-cd the share whichone gets C. - (ob - (wi Cs. 'inC<lme, re"cnue'; more accurately: that which fallsto ooe's share, as a re\\'nrd or pay, forwork, sen'ices etc., e.g. bits of cloth orsilk, which a tailor may kcep for himself.- fOO-1lor J. share, quota. 2. quotient. fob-bid C. desire, bkur-sti fdb-]XI amltitilnSpIll'. (]C folt - flir (lit. the turn of get.ling,

'

fdm-bu mf.i

receiving) claim, right; duty, due, fob-tsir

ii(i - la yod I have a claim, a right to it

W.',*fob- fsir (dti-ce* W. to give each his

^liare in his turn (prop. ace. to the due

turn).-- fob- rim Glr. id. --

tob-yig re-

pertory, index. - - fob-srol prob.=

fob-fsir,

right of succession ('. - fob-sd ('. contest,

quarrel, strife; scramble, e.g. for moneythrown among the people.

f6m-bu = fum-bu.

*J* foms-pa v. Of6ms-pa.

*M" fw-kod, or tor-god, a Mongol tribe.

for-mgo v. fur-mgo.

r-Mg, tor-fsiigs, (also

do -tor) a plaited tuft

of hair, toupet, Lex.: c6-toi for-cdg-, for-

cdg dar sna Ina bcins Pth. he bound his

tuft of hair with a silk string of five colours;

prob.=

yteug-tor q.v ; f6r-to(r) Lex. id.

^rj- tor-pa, also Ofor-pa Med., the small-

pox Sch. ; in Sik. far - ba signifies

pimple, pustule, but the usual word for this

is srin - for y aud in W. *pul- for* has a

similar meaning, whereas for-bu Med. de-

notes a whole class of diseases, comprising

dyspepsy and cutaneous disorders. dmar-f&r measles Sch.

"1* for-ba 1. v. Ofor-ba. 2. v. tor-pa.

- tdr-bu, single, separate; Tar. 120, 19:

prd - mo for - bu -pa separate little

works, books Schf.tor - mo the growing fat of cows,

goats etc. in consequence of steril-

ity Sch.

- fol-ba 1. v. Otol-ba, pf. to rtol-ba,what has come forth, what has been

raised, elevated (?) Sch. cf. fol-fol Mng.;tol-byuh to arise, to begin, suddenly Sch.

fos-pa 1. vb. to hear B., C. (W.*fsdr-ce*), rgydl-po zig-gi ytam f6s-

am, or only rgydl-po zig fos-sam Dzl. have

you heard of a king? Qbrds-so zer-bai ytatu

rgydl-poi snydn-du tos-so it came to the

king's hearing that he had escaped. Glr.

2. adj. iii<i/,-(lufax-jx, far-famed, renowned,

frq.; ma t6s-j>a unheard of; to*-</rol the

title of a book which is read to the soul

of a deceased person (Vo-f///^/*f

'.,"fo-tldt*

W.), and the full title of which is: ftfc-

pa tedm-gyi* gr6l-ba tdb-pai cot a doctrine

by the hearing of which a man i instantly

saved Thgv.; fos-cun Mil. hearing little.

trig-trig the creaking of shoes.

nrjr fwag Ld. the sharp sound, the crack-

ing, which is heard, when a branch

of a tree is breaking off; cf. ta-rdg and

Idim.

m*afl ^8 -

' ^e ' wer Part of the body.

mfan-gds a vestment for it, a sort

of petticoat (ace. to others : toga) worn byLamas.

rafa (cf. fd-ma} 1 . end, ending, I . re-

lative to space: edge, margin, brink,

brim, of a well Glr., skirt of a forest, gen.

mfd-ma; limit, bound, border, confines, fron-

tiers, mfa skor-ba to go round the confines

(of a place); mfd-las Odds-pa exceeding all

bounds, very great, e.g. sdug-bsndl Thgr.;used even thus : rgydl-po bziigs-pai mfd-la

bskor to walk round him that sits on a

throne Glr., po. ; adverbially : de-mta round

this (mountain) Mil.;mfa dbus kun-tu in

the whole country (in the frontier districts

and in the central parts) ;mfai rgyal-Kam*

neighbouring or border- country; mfa id.,

e.g. mfa bzi the four border-countries, i.e.

all the surrounding territory, frq.; mfai nor

the treasures of the border-country Glr. ;

mfai dmag border -war.; in the Tibetan

part of the Himalaya mountains mfa de-

notes in a special sense Hindoostan: in

grammar: termination, na ma ra la &-mams mtd-can words ending in n, m, r. 1;

ga-mfd a final g. 2. relative to time: bskdl-

pai mta Dzl. the termination of a Kalpa;dus-mfui me the conflagration at the end of

the world, the ecpyrosis ;in a more general

sense: mfa nan-pas as this will end badly;mta ycig-tu Wdri. and Tar. 4,7 Sch.: on

the one hand, in part, in a certain degree, in

some respect; Schf'.: 'schlechthin' (?)

receiving) t1aim, right; duly, due, fob - (aI,'>'id -la yod I hl\\'o " cbim, a right lo itlY.; -(oo-(,ir tliti-Ce- W: to give each his~lutre ill his turn (prop, acc, to the dueturn). - (oo_n'm Gir, ill. - tob-yiy reperlGI')', inde.:, - (olHrdl prob. _ (ob-6il',right of succession C. - (ob-id C. contest,quarrel, strife; scramble, e. g. for moneyIhrown among the (lCople.

~-S' (onl-bu =- (,illl_bt,.

~~.:r (om,"p" v. ofOm'-J!a.

£F..·F~; (fl'.lidd, or (or-gOd, a Mongol tribe.

(0/,01llyo v. (1Ir-myo.

~.~ (Ol'-l:dg, (()I'o('NfJ', (nlso'" do - 1.:&) a plaited tuft

of hair, toupet, La.: ro·tfli (or-My; (orrog dar ,na bia bh:,i, l'th. he bound histuft of hnir with a silk string of five colours;prob. - rtsug·tOr q.v ; Mr-to(t') Lu. id.~;.:r lclr"p", also o{or.pa Moo., the small-

pox &h.; in Sil.:. (Jr 0 ba signifiespimple, pustule, but the usual word for thisis "in· (0", nod in W: -Pul- (01" has nsimilar meaning, whereas ((}r··bt, Med. denoles a '/I'bole class of diseases, comprisingdyspepsy and cutaDeous disorders. - dfrlar.(cJy meules Se1l.

~'.q' (iJr-lJa I. v. of&r-ba. - 2. V. {oropu.

if-'~' Mr--1m singfe, separate; Tw·.l20, 19:prd - niO (01'· bu -- pa seritrate liule

works, books &IIJ:£F.:~ (or -- tIW the growing fat of cows,

gants ele, in consequence of sterility &It.iPr.:::r fdl-.ba 1. v. oldl-ba, pf. to ,·Ml· ha,

what has come fortlt, what bllS beenraised, elevated(Y) Sd,. cf. (0/,. (6l N"9.;(O/.-byUH to arise, to begin, suddenl)' Sch.~.::r f03 - pa I. vb. 10 hear B., C, pv.

-66r~U-), rwla1·po !d9'"9i rtam (0,.

Mill, or only t'!Jgal-.po zig fdt"'4lam lJ:I. lJa\'eyou heard of a king? obrda-w zir-!HliflaJII1"99dl-poi myan~du to'·1O it came to theJdng's bearing t.bl\t be hnJ eacupeil. Gir.

239

- 2. nili. tnlili-d" fdf.JlIl far.lamed, renowned,frq.; ma {o. -,ia unheard of; t~ ~ grdl. theltitle of a book which is read to the I(IU.Iof a doeeased perllOn rt(rdl.or C, .(Q-I.J6rW.), and the full title of which is: (0..

pa tMlII'"9YU grdl-ha (Ob-pai eo. a doctrineb)' toe Ilearing of 'Which a man iJl instantlysaved TI.!!".; (pt-CN,; Mil. hearing little.

~.~ frig-(Iig the crtaking of shoes.

g:rr (Ieag 1A. the sharp souod, the crack·~ ling, which is heard, when a bmnchof a tree is breaking off; cE. taa.rdg aodltlim.~£!t:.' 11lfOli (.4.: the lower part of the body,

"'(a,j -- gda a vestment for it, :'I tortof petticoat (ace. to others: toga) wo"" byI,amas.~£tr.r tn(a (cE. fa-ilia) 1. end, ending, l. re~

lativc to spnce: edge, margin, brink,brim, of a well Glr., skirt of :'I forest, gtn.mfd-mu; limit, oound, border, confines, fNln·tiers, m(a tk&r·ba l.t> AO round the confine!!(of n place); m(a-l," o/lm-pa eJ:ceeding allbounds, very grea.t, e.g. Miu9-balidl Tltgr.;used even thos: rg!Jdl-.po bzug.--pai ".{d·iabUcor to walk round him that sits on athrone Glr., po.; tulverbil\ll)': di-mfa roundthis (mountAin) Mil.; m(a dlnu !Un-hi inthe whole country (in the frontier districtsand in tlte centrnl pnrts); m(al '!Iyul-.f_neighbouring or border·CQolluy; mfa ill.,e.g. m(a bzi the four border-coulltries, i.e.all the surroundiog terri"tory, frq.; ",(al M1'

the treasures of the borde....coulltry Gir.;m(1I1 dllkl!J border -- 'I'M.; in the TibetanptlJ't of the Himalaya mountAins m(a denotes in a special sense Hindoostan; - ingrammar: termination, 'Ill "ltla I'll 10 u,..t'Rflnll 1II(4__ca1l word$ elldillg ill n, m, r, 1;ga'lIl(d a final g. 2. relati\'e to time: Wdlpai "Ita D:l. the termination of .. KaJpa;JUl-lIl{di t~ tbe conflagration at the end oftile world, the e<:p}'l"06is; in a mON! genenllsense: tIIfnnfbl.pal al:i thi$ will end badly;'H.la }'citJ--tu Wdn. and Tal'. 4, j SeA.: onthe one ha~ in part, in a certain degree, insome mpleti SeAj.: ':M:hledJtbin' (T) -

240

mta "

mfu

mfa-ycod-pa final or definitive sentence or

judgment Sch.; dei mfa fcod-pai pyir in

order to settle it definitely, viz. by counter-

proof, Gram.; ydn-dag-mfa the true end,

i.e. objective truth Was. (297); the rest,

remainder, re -dogs

-kyi mfa span having

given up also the last remnant of fear and

hope Glr., cf. mfd -dag; mfd -

ru, mfar

1. towards the end, towards the boundaryor the neighbouring country; at the end

etc.; mfar fug -pa to reach, to attain to

the end, frq. ;fsei mfar fug-pai grans the

number of those that reach the (natural)

end of life DzL; mfar-fug-pa-med-painexhaustible Dzl.

; mtdr-pyin-pa (rarely

mfar-Jcyil-ba} id.; also absolutely as sbst.

mfdr-pyin-pa a perfect, a holy person,

a saint; mfdr-ton-pa id. (?) Mil.; mfdr-

byed-pa to give a work its finish 6'., (Sch. :

'to destroy, demolish'?) 2. adv. lastly, finally,

in conclusion DzL, Thgy.; perh. also to the

very last, wholly, altogether. 3. postp. with

genit. after, behind, rgyal-rdbs sum-brgydimfar after 300 royal generations Glr.

;sd-

mtar sin, sin is to be written after a final s,

Gram. 2. aim, purpose Cs. 3. system,

opinion Tar. 107, 4 Schf. : perh. for grub-mfa.

Comp. and deriv. mfd-klas-pa Cs. = mfd-

med-pa, yet v. mfas. - - mta-skor circum-

ference, perimeter, \. dpag - fsdd. - - mfa-

K6b v. Kob. mfa-gru Glr. 42 ? mfa-

rgyds very wide Schr. mfa-lcags frame,of a mirror etc. Schr. -- mfa-cog Med.1- mfa-rten final consonant Gram.; mfa-

rten-med-pa ending with a vowel Gram.

mfa-fig boundary line Sch. mfa-fog-

fdg unceasing (?) Sch. mfd-dag several,

sundry; all, frq.; man-fsig mfd-dag the

plural sign mfa-dag Gram,. - - mfa-drans

Gram.? mfd ma the end, grdl-gyi mfd-

mai bu-mo the girl at the end of the row

(opp. to the middle or the other end, not

necessarily to the beginning, like mjug-ma) ;

border, hem, seam, of dresses Dzl. ; den mfon-

ba mfa-ma to-day we see (him) for the

last time Glr. (fd-ma would be more cor-

rect, like Dzl. ?>?, 16), mfa-mal-pa

sometimes for fa - mal -pa.

- - mfd - mi

borderer; neighbouring people. mfdmed-

pa, mfd -yas

- pa infinite, endless. mfa-

yseb WdnJ"

mfar 1. v. mfa. 2. for far.

r -skyol the bringing to an

end, carrying through, persistence,

perseverance Mil.

mf^r~9y^ ^y *urns' successively,

/>:/.-. by degrees, gradually.

mfas-klas. Zam. T)^rT, border,

limit? cf. mfa compounds.mfin ace. to 6s. : 'indigo', and imfin-

sin indigo-plant' ;

ace. to a Lamafrom Lhasa however: 1. mountain - blue

(which is found, together with malachite,

in the hills near Lhasa). 2. from the

resemblance : indigo-colour (whereas indigo

as a substance is rams), and esp. a light

sky-blue, azure; cf. mfon-mfin.

mtin -ril, Lex. a certain bird

;

Sch. : a sort of wild duck;ace.

to Pth. a smaller bird.

mtiu v. mfeu.

>of a vessel, of the

sea; floor, of a room Glr.; foundation,

of a house. 2. the lower side of a thing;

inner or lower part of a thing, Idg-mfil (resp.

pydg-mfiV) the palm of the hand; lag-mfil-

na in the closed hand; lag-mfil gan a

closed handful;rkan-mfU (resp. zabs-mfiV)

the sole of the foot;lham - tntil the sole

of a shoe; mfil bzi the palms of the hands,

and the soles of the feet. --3. the back-

ground, the far end, of a cave, a tunnel etc.

- 4. C.: the centre, the principal or chief

part, of a town; the principal place, chief

city, capital, of a country.. mfu 1. power, force, strength, of the

body, of the mind, of Buddha, of a

prayer, of witchcraft etc.; ability, power or

authority to do a thing; mfu dan Iddn-pa

strong, powerful, efficacious, able etc., mfu-

med powerless, feeble, unable;*mi za fu me'*

C. I must eat it; bsgrub-mi-nus-mfu-med-la

son we must be able to fulfil it Mil.;mfu-

240

~Ef\ m(o

m(a-)·Md,..pa final or definitive sentence orjudgment Sell.; rki m(a rCod-pa; P!Jir inorder to settle it definitely, ,'iz. by counterproof, Gram.; yan-daU-m(a the true end,i.e. objecti\'e truth Was, (297); the rest,remainder, re· ddga - kyi 17I(a apaii hll\'ingRiven up also die Inst remnant of fcur nndhopl'l Gb·., cf. m((i.dag; mfd-,'U, m(arI. towards the end, townrds the bouudaryor the neighbouring country; at the endetc.; m(ar rog-pa to reach, to attain tothe cnd, Crq.; (sa mtar (Ufj.pai grana thenumber of those that reach the (natural)end of life Dzl.; m(ar· (UfJ - pa - mid - paine:lhaustible Dzl.; mtd.r-pyin-pa (rnrelym(ar-Jiyil-ba) id.; also absolutely as sbsL~{dl' - llyin - pa a perfe<:t, a holy person,a saint; mtdr·tQn-pa id. (?) Mil.; ,nffirbyed-pa to gi\'e a. work its finish C., (&11.:'to destroy, demolish'?) '2. adv. lastly, finally,in conclusion Dzl., ThfllJ.; perh. also to thevery last, wholly, altogether. 3. postp. withgetlit. after, behind, 'Yl!Ial-!'a/J$ aum-bruydim(al' after 300 rOyll1 geocmtions Glr.; 3dm(ar iili, 3j,i is to be written after a final s,Gram. - 2. aim, purpose Ca. - 3. system,opinion Tar. 107,4 &hj:, perh. for gl'Ubmfa.

Compo and deriv. m(a-kla3-pa Q. _ 17If(/

'IIItd-pa, yet V. mtws. - mta-,J,'dr circumference, perimeter, ,.. dpag - fadd. - mfa-itrJJJ v. JdJ. - mfa-gr" Glr. 4.2? - m{a-rgyd$ very wide &/i,r. - 7Il(a--lcag3 frame,of a mirror etc. &hr. - m(a--lag Moo.'!- m(a--rtln final collsommt Gram.; mta,·ten-med-pa ending with a vowel Gram.- m(a-tlg boundary line Sell. - mfa-foyfdg unceasing (?) Sell. - mta-dag several,sundry; aU, frq.; ma,i - f31g mfd_ dag theplural sign mfa--dag G-ram. - 1Ilta-drali3G-ram.'! - m(a ma the end, grdl-gyi mtdmal IN-mo the girl at the end of the row(opp. 10 the middle or Ihe olher end, notnecessarily to the beginning, like lIyug-ma);border, hem, seam, of dresses Dzl.; den mfo/iba mfa-ma to-day we see (him)_for thelast time Glr. (fd-ma would be more correct, like Dzl. JO'J, 16). - tll(a - Jlled- pa

sometimes for fa - mal· pa. - m(d _ mlborderer; neighbouring people. - mfd mOOpa, mfd - yws· pa infinite, endless. - 7Il(a-

rsth Wdn.'!

~~" 111far 1. v. mfa. 2. for far.

~£F.'~...f mfar - skydl the bringing to an~ end, carrying through, persistence,

perseverance Mil.

~£F.'~~ mfar-gyis by turns, successively,Dzl.; by degrees, gradually.

~m.r>Tl...~ mf(U-HaIJ, Zarn. -1l~1l'l", border,"'i ., r.:l . limit? d. m(u compounds.

~~~. lI~fi~ n~ to G.: :indigo', and 'mfi,j.lui IndIgo - plant; acc. to a Lama

from Lilftsa however: 1. mountain - blue(which is found, togetbl'r witb malachite,in the hins ncar Lhasa). - 2. from theresemblance: indigo-colour (whereas indigoas a substance is rarn.t), IUld esp. a lightsky-blue, azure; cr. mfon·mfl,j.

~~'~r..r mti,j - n'l, Lu. a ccrtain bird;Sc!~.: a sort of wild duck; ace.

to Ptli,. II. smaller bird.~

~£lr.r mtiR v. m(eu.~

~£f...f mfil 1. boltom, of a v~ssel, of thesea; floor, of n room Glr.; foundation,

of a house. - 2. the lower side of a thing;inner or lower part of a thing, ld'g-'>Jlfil (resp.ftyuf/-mfil) the palm of the hand; lag-mfilna in the closed haud; lag - mtil !Jan aclosed handful; rkail.-mfil (resp. Zahs-m(il)the sole of the foot; lIwm - mttl the soleof a sboe; mfil bzi tlte palms of the hands,and the soles of the feet. - 3. the background, the far end, of J]. cave, a tunnel etc.- 4. C.: the centre, the principal or chiefpart, of a town; the principal place, chiefcity, capital, of II country.~~. lII(U 1. power, force, strength, of the~ body, of the mind, of Buddha, of a

prayer, of witchcraft etc.; ability, power orauthority to do a thing; m(u dmi-.J!1an-pastrong, powerful, efficacious, able etc., mfumid powerless, feeble, unable; -1IIi za (u m/'C. I must eat it; h3grub-tni.nm-mfu.-mid-la$Oil we !!lust be able to fulfil i~ Mil.; m(u-

i a,j

.Ml

;/>/-!/'!< by an extraordinary manifestation

of power or strength Dzl.;

A1

//// W// /////

that is an effect of the Lus, is produced,

comes from the Lus &t<j. ; infn* by virtue

of, frq.; iitfit-xtnlix -= mfu. - 2. magic.

witchcraft, mfn ytoii-ba Mil., mfuOdebs-pa,

*tdb-a>* W., to practise witchcraft, to in-

jure a person by magic spells, to bewitch

Mil. and col. frq.; mfu ser brtad fsum-

po rdzoys-par btlab% conjuring, raising

tempests, exorcising ghosts, all these things

I have learned thoroughly Mil.; mfu-bo-

ce high-potent, high and mighty 7V//-.

mfug \. Jug.'

*T mfud-pa v. Jud-pa.

mnx'rr mfun-pa, also Ofun-pa, to agree.

5" to harmonize; agreement, harmony;

agreeing etc., 1. in a general sense, c. c*

</<///, . . yin-par don mfun-no they agree

in the opinion of her being . . . Glr.;mfun-

par byed-pa to make agree, to bring to an

agreement, to make consistent, tttfuH-jxir

Ogyvr-ba to be made agreeing or consistent

Glr.; dy6ns-pa yciy-tu infun-pa unanimous;

lhai lugs dan mfun god -like (in deeds)

Glr.\ rigs mtun-pa of equal birth; lo mfun-

pa of the same age, contemporary; bio

mfun-te being of the same mind, similarly

disposed, cos byd-bar with respect to re-

ligion Glr.; Ka mfun-par with one mouth,

gros mfun-par with one accord, unani-

mously, as one man; grabs mfun-pa to live

in harmony; to be adequate, correspond-

ing to, e.g. yid (dai/} mftdi-jxir, resp. fi'ft/x

tltt/'t mfun-par, to one's wish, as one could

desire = yid bzin-du; nod dan mt'ii//-/"//

corresponding to the disease, fit or properfor the disease. - -

"2. in a special sense

i . viz._///./ da/I, to be wished for. desirable.

particularly in mfun^rlcytn, \. /////; also:

to wish, to like, to delight in. /;/// //*-/;y/.s mfun-pai rdzas things wished for by

you, desirable to you Mil.; '2. with or

without yciy-la yciy: mffin-nan whenever

they (the two nations) lived in peace with

each other (opp. to Jcon-nas) Glr. ;mftm-

l'</ they are on the best terms

with each other, are making love to each

other Glr.; mtiin-p<> /<///// <ln>i col. id.;

mfun-po byed-pa to be kind, affable, con-

descending Mil. (opp. to being proud, cold,

reserved); ryya bod;//_///

'.s mfun ,on there

\\ill be a good understanding between China

and Tibet Glr.: ////' mfun-pai pyogs fanu-

cdd-las rgydl-ba to gain the victory over

all the hostile parties: mfun- gyur-gyi yi-

ge C. letter of recommendation; mflm-can

W. gentle, peaceful.

-. -. mftn\ also mtur-mgo, v. fur-mgo,N3 halter, rta-mfur Lac. id.; mfu

rein, reins Sc/t.; //>fn /->// fd the end of th;

reins, e.g. to place them into the hands

of another.

"

mfus v. mfu 1.

mfe-bo, col. mft-boh, mfe-cen, in

mo (v. also fe bo), thumb, rkan-jmi

mft'-bo the big toe; -infcb-cun the little finger.

the little toe Glr.

-u 1. a little hammer: _.

the little toe.

mfo 1. a span, from the end of the

thumb to the end of the middle

finger when extended; mfo jdl-ba or fzid-

ba, W. *tdb-ce*, to span, to measure by

the hand with the fingers extended: mfo

//<///, info rt- fxi i HI a span (in length), mfo

do two spans.-- 2. v. mfo-lm.

. mfo -yon a little triangular re-

ceptacle into which the likeness

of an enemy is placed, to whom one wishes

to do harm by witchcraft W.

p3W" "ifo-ri/i/db earnest-money H*.

r tnto-ba 1. to be high: highness, height:

high, lofty, elevated. H. (-f. mfon-fw^

frq. fig.: /v//.sr-}//i info - b,i - *t,- being of

high and noble birth D:l.; de-las m(6-ba

more elevated than that, surpassing. >ur-

mounting that; c. accus. or instruui., high

16

::ifJ-gi$ lJy lin extraordinary IIHUlifestntiollof I)()Wer or strength D:::l.; kiui nl(ll Villthat is an effect of the 1.u5, is produced,COrollS from the Lus Stfl.; /II(U8 by virlueof, fN}.; m(u_,tQ/)g _ m(u. - 2. magic,witchcraft, 1/1(1/ {((Jij.bo Mil., m(1l .li;b,-lHf,°tdU-l? IV:, to prnetisc witchcraft) to injure fL person by magic spells, to bewitch,l/il. nnd col. frq.; ,,1(11 ~I' brtad fIIum1)(1 rd::tJg, - JlaI' bslabs conjuring, rnisingtcmpc.:.t.s, exorcising ghosts, all these thingsI hlwe learned thoroughly Mil.; lII(rl~bo

U high·potent, high and mighty Tar.

,;,J~ m(l/.g v. o(ug.~

,;,J£l~\~. 1//(ud1Ja \'. JlJ.d~po~

~~tr "'(lin -pa, also oam -1,a, to agree,'" to harmonize; agreement, harmony;

agreeing etc., 1. in a. gcnernl sense, c. c·da,i, ... Yill-par dOli mUm-no tllCY aRreein the opinion of bel' being ... Gil'.; ?/'l(U11

pal' b!Jed~pa to make ngree, to bring to nn,Igrcement, to make consistent, lIl(,hl-pt!roffyiJl'-ba to he made agreeing or consistentGir.; dgdns-po riig-tu 1//(UII-pO uJ.lRnimous;lImi luys dOli f/l(un god-liko (in deeds)Glr.; rigs mtim-pa of equal birth: io 1//(",/

pa of thll saUie ngll, contemporary; bio",fim-tc beiog of tbll same mind, similarlydisp~ed, ros byti-bal' with respect to religion Gfr.; I.'a 1II((1II-par witll one mouth,gl'QS 'JI1l1"1 - pal' with one RCCOrd, unAnimousl)', l\S one man; yraw m(ulIflt to livein harmony; - 10 be adequate, correspond·ing to, e.g. yM (dUli) ?Ilflin-pal', re~I.' (,itpdOli mfim-par, to one's wish, as one couldduire _ yid bti,,-dll; nad dmi 1I/(,i"-l'al'corresponding to ti,e disease, fit or properfor the disellse. - 2. in l\ special senset· viII. yid dOli, to be wished for, desirable,pnrticull\rly in m(ull-rl.:yill, ". rkY;H; also:to wish, to like, to delight in. J.:yed'/·llIltll$·I.:yi$ ?llfim-pai I'd::as thing~ wished for b)'you, desirable to you .Ilil.; 2...... ith orwitlJout J'n!;-la 1c0: lII(,in'lIm wheneverthey (the two nlltions) li\'cd in penee withel\O.lh other (cpp. to ol.'oll.'H.I~) GIi".l t,,'llili-

211

JlIll r/alll byfd-'/a t.o conl'er4e amicablyGlr., to enter into Ill'gotiat;oJ»; or I}l'aceGfr.; 1II((III-par byrd-pll I. v. abo,e, 2. tocaress, to fondle, to dandle Gir.; PH - til

m(,ill-par .yod they Arc on tile be&t termlwilli cach olher, ~re making love to uchother Gir.; 'II1(u'l - po lAdatl .,i11ff col id.;lIlfim_po b!Jtd-pa to be kind, IIlfable, rondescending .lIit. (opp. to being proud, cold,resen'cd); I'!lya bod plY" mfml _on there\\ill be II good understanding between Chinatlnd Tibet Gir.; '/IIi m(ull-pai ]i!JOf.l' (a",...cdd-ia$ ''!IYdl~ba to gain the victor)' oyernil the hostile p:mies: 'lllfim-oV!fNr-!l!li yi_!It C. letler of recommendation; m{Iin.-iaH

W. gentle, peaceful.~if" m(II", also mtur-mgo, Y. (il.r - "'Y".~ halter, rta-m(ur Lu. id.; m(llr-(J,

rein, reins &11..; m(l(r_f1/(d the end of thereins, e.g. to plalle them into the bandsor another.

,;,J£l~. m(w v. m(u L~

~~':f 111(1-00, col. mft-tx),;, 1II(e-CNI. '/I(ib-1/HI (". nlso (t 00), thumb, rJ.·dlf-.pai

m(t-/.Jo the big toe i 'III(cb-c;..,; the little finger,the little toe Gil'.,;,JfB' m(/'U l. a Hltle hammer; 2. m(t1l-c"Ii

~ the litlle toe.,;,Jif '11I(0 I. a span, from the end of the

thumb to the end of the middlelinger when extended; :IIltO Jdl-ba or )'::lil00, W: ·tdb-t:t-, to span, to me~sure bythe hl\.lld with tbe fingcrs 6tf'nded: ",(0

!JIiN, 1/1(0 rl tMJIIl a SPllll (in length), m(odo two SpilUS. - 2. v. m(~l",.

,;,J~=m:.. 1/1(0 - y<Jli u. little. tri.ngu~llt re-r feptaele into willch the ilkeDei~

of lUI cnemy is plllCell, LO wholll one wishv;to 110 IJIIrm by witchcrllft W:

,;,J~~' t/I(()-I'!I.Vdb earnesl.money W

~Sf.::r 'IltMxl 1. to be high: hillMUI. height;high, lofty. elevated. Il. (d. IIIU".-pO).

frl}. lig.; rigs ce-zi,t m(J -lxl - d~ Jxoillg ofhigh lind Doble birth D:L: tli-I.I' 111(/1-1",

more el('vated thllll tiIlU, ~urplI.5sing, surIltOuntit?d UlIlt; c. l\Ccus. or in~truw.• high

"

242

r mfon-ga

as to (stature, rank etc.) mfo-na when I

am high, when I rise; mfo-ba ynon-pato lower what is high, to bring down, to

humble, frq.; //as mfo-mfo byds-pas dma-dmd byun the more I was aspiring, the

more I was brought low Pth.; sbyin-pa

mfo-ba Sty. was explained: gifts or alms

bestowed from a sincere heart. 2. hammer,v. fo-ba\ mfo-po-tog a stone used as a

hammer Cs.

Comp.: mfo-Kyad height, highness Dzl.

-mfo-dogs Pth. (together with yyo-sgyu,

and prag-dog} perh. mistrust, suspicion;

*f6n - dod - can* W. ambitious, aspiring,

aiming at things too high. mfo-spyodW. a haughty manner. mfo-dmdn 1. Cs.

high and low, uneven; also Schr. 2. height,

mfo-dmdn mnydm-pa of equal height Glr.

mfo- fsdm(s)-pa v. fo- fsdm-pa. mfo-

ris heaven, abode of the gods, paradise,

Elysium.

mfon-ga Sch., mfons-tfa Pth., chest.

breast, mfon - ga- nas Odzin-pa to

seize by the breast Pth.

wM&Jw to seej

1- VD - n - to have

the power of vision, often with

mig(-gis)', mfon-bar Ogyur-ba to obtain the

faculty of seeing, to recover one's sight;

mfon-bar byed-pa to make (the blind) see

Dzl.; mig -

gis nye mfon rin mi mfo?l he

sees only when the object is near, not whenit is far, he is short-sighted Med.\ nye-mfon

short-sighted Sch. 2. vb. a. 1. to perceive,

by the eye, to see, to behold, bod -kyi ri

mfdn-bai ri an eminence from whence one

can see the mountains of Tibet Glr.; mi

yzdn-gyis mfoh-sar (a place) where one

can be seen by others; de bu-mos mfon-

bar mdzdd-do he made it visible to the girl,

he made her see it Dzl.;mfon-ba zig yod-

na if there is one that has seen it, if there

exists a witness Dzl. ; de mfon-ste ses seeing

this, I came to know, i.e. from this I saw,I perceived; mfon fos dran reg, frq., the

seeing, hearing, touching, thinking of (e.g.

a form of prayer, or magic formula); ma

^on-bar, (or ^oh-ba) mfon-nas as he saw

his mother coming. 2. with accus. and

'f mfon-po

termin. : to regard, consider, take for, Thgy. ;

rdzas dkar ser-por mfon Lt. taking white

things for yellow ones. 3. to meet, find, catch.

4. to know, understand, perceive (mentally)Mil. 5. col. to undergo, suffer, endure, mis-

fortunes, paio etc. (cf. stonpa 4), mi mfon

mfon-ba to suffer what is not to be suffered,

not bearable nif., cf. ltd-ba.

Comp. mfon -Hun Cs. 'a window', prob.for mfons-Kun. --

mfon-sgom-can Thgy.was explained: one who instantly knowsand understands every thing he sees(?)

mfon -Kor, mfoii - mfa, the reach of sight,

range of vision Cs., *fon -Ofcor

- la bor* W.

do not take them (the horses) farther than

you can see them; the horizon Cs.; mfoit-

dug ('eye-poison') evil-eye Sch.; envy, grudge,

jealousy. mfon-sndn v. snan-ba. mfon-

byed that which sees, the eye Cs.;the sub-

stance which is the source of vision, a

species of gall, ^|qf\Tfcp. Med. - - mfon-

Idm the path of obtaining the power of

sight, a mystical state Was. (139) mfon-

lugs the way of beholding, of viewing a

thing; notion, idea, opinion = sndn-ba, mtoh-

lugs fsum-du byu/i three different opinions

were forming Glr.

anopeningforthesmoke

in a ceiling or roof, also mfons - Hun. -

2. also mfons -Ka, pavilion, platform, open

gallery, on a flat roof Glr. (Cs. : 'impluvium,

or the opening in the middle of a square

building', for which, however, the Tibetan

word seems to be Kyams or fci/ams-mfons).

mfons-ka silk ornaments on the

borders of a painting Cs.

mfons-pa Cs.:to lose one's senses;

perh. Ofoms-pa.

mfon-ka, or mfon-ga Lex.; Cs. 1.

azure, sky- blue (?). --2. n. of a

flower. 3. Glr. one of the five celestial

gems; mfon-ka cen-po another of these

gems.-

mfon-po high, elevated, B. and col.

(cf. mfo-bd), of water deep, of the

voice loud, of weight and measure full, of

rank high; *&>'s-s&ad fon-po* W. high-

242

as to (stature, rank etc.) mfo-7la when Iam higb, when 1 rise; 1II(Q ~ ha yndn _1'ato lower what is high, to bring down, tobumbl"" (rq.; ,iG$ lIlf()-'lllfd hyos-pG$ dma~

dmd /tyUli tbe more I was aspiring, tbemore I was brought low Pth.; :shylll ~ palIlfJ.-ba St9. was eXlllnined: gifts or almsbestowed (rom a sincere heart. - 2. hammer,v. fo-ba; mfQ ~ p<J ~ tOf} a stone used as ah"mmer CIS.

Comp,: 7Ilfo.J.1iad height, highness D::l.- mfo-do[!$ Pth. (together with f!J0""3[1Yu,and pray.~) perb. mistrust, suslliciofi;·(011· (100· ~an· lV. ambitious, aspi"ing,aiming at things too high. - mfo· spyOdlV. a baughty OlanDer. - mfo-dmdn 1. C$.high and low, uneven; also &hr. 2. height,mfo·dmlin nmydm-pa of equal height Gb·.- mfo~Js6m(s)-pa v. fo-/sdm--pa. - 'nIfo·ris heaven, abode of the gods, paradise,Elysium.;::~"tl']' m(Q,i~9a Sc1l., m(oris--lia PtA., chest,

breast, mfdJi· ga· nas oddn ~pa toseize by the breast Prl•.;::~'.:::r mfo,i...oa to see, 1. vb. n. to have

the power of vision, often withmig(-gis); mfdli~baro9vur-ba to obtain thefaculty of seeing, to recover one's sight;m(oli·bm' b.yid-pa to make (the bliDd) seeD=l.; mig. [lis nye 1Ilfoli ri,j lIli mfo,i besees only when the object is nel\r, not whenit is far, he is short-sighted Moo.; nyc-mfo,i;;hort~sighted &h. - 2. vb. a. I. to perteive,by the eye, to see, to behold, bOd ~ J.yi rimfQil~bai ri an eminCDce from whence onecan see the mountains of Tibet Gir.; miizan~fI1Iif5 m(on· tar (n place) where onecan be seen by others; de bu~mQ8 mfO,'·bar md::dJ..t1o he made it visible to the girl,he made her see it Dzl. ; mfoii./)a zig yQd~

na if there is one that has seen it, if thereexists a witness Dzl,; de mfO,j.."tt $it seeingthis, I came to know, i.e. from this I saw,I perceived; m(o,i (os dl'an reg, frq., theS<'!eing, hearing, touching, thinking of (e.g.a form of prayer, or IllfIgiC formula); ma~Q,j-!Jar, (or ~o/i~6a) mfQti~na:s as he sawhis mother coming. 2. with aceus. and

l 9

tennin.: to regard, consider, take for, TI'!J!I';l'<1::as dkm' ser.por 1Il(QJi Lt. tnking whilethings for yellow ones. 3. to meet, find, catch,4. to know, understand, perceive (mentally)Mil. 5. col. 10 undergo, suffer, endure, mis·1"0rlUDcs, p"in etc. (c!. stonpa 4), mi mfQtjmfQIi·ha to sulfer what is not to be suffered,not bearahle nif., cf. lta-ba,

Compo m(oi!·J..'uti CA. 'a window', prob.for mfoits·l..'wi. - mfo,j~sgom·can Th[l!l'was explnined: one who instantly knowsand understands every thiDg he seese?) //lfo/; ~oror, mrQ'; ~ mfa, the reach of sight,range of vision GI., ·(0'; ·olior _ia ho,.· W:do not take th('m (the horses) farther than)'011 cau see tbem; the horizon C$.; mfo,i·dug ('eye-poison') evil-eye &h.; envy, grUdge,jealousy,~ 'IItfoit-IJlla,j v. sna,j-!Ja. - mfo,j~

byed that. wllich sees, the eye (.s.; t.he sub·stance which is the source of \'ision, aspecies of gall, iIll<!?til4i, Med. - ",doii·/dm the path of obtaining the power ofsight, a mystical state Wall. (139) - m{o,i~

lug8 the way of beholding, of viewing uthing; notion, Idea, opinion = Slllbi..lJa, mld/;·

l,,[PI rsum-du b!lwi three different opinionswere forming Gll'.;::~~r, itI·;::£lC~' mto/is, rg}ja-mfQitt 1.

~ anopeningforthesmokein a ceiling or roof, also mfo,is - J.'uil. t. nlso m(Qi!s· ga, pavilion, platform, opengallery, on a flat roof Gil'. (u.: 'impluvium,01' the opening in the middle of a squarebuilding', fOf which, however, the Tibetanword 8e~1lI8 to be l{va//l~ or lC!J{l.l/Is-m(o,is).

~~~'TTJ' m(0,i8-ka silk or~a~enls OD theborders of a pamtmg Cs.

~£lC~·tr m(Q,is-pa u.: to lose one's senses;perh. o(Q//l&-pa.

;::~'1Tf mfon-ka, or mtdn-ga Le.r.; Cs. 1.azure, sky-blue(?). - 2. n. of a

Hower. - 3. GIl'. one of the five celestialgems; lIl{Qn· ka Un· po another ot thesegems. -;::~''f' m{Qn-po high, elevated, B. and 001.

(c!, m(o·ba), of WDter deep, of thevoice loud, of weight nnd measure full, ofI'ank high l ·,08· skad fOn· po. W. high~

*T mfdl-ba

-MI ml ing words, pompous style; *ldy-l>n

ti'm-po* W. highly skilled, well practised.

mton-nit'in 'the high blue (thing)' viz.

the hair of the head of Buddha, al\\;i\-

represented as of a light sky-blue.

tf<>l-ba, Ofdl-ba, to con-

fess, to avow, HI//* -/HI

/>:/.: infol f'ud/ix (cf. Qgyod-fsdiix) confession,

acknowledgment, mfol-fxdii*/>/////-/> D:l..

mfol Itsat/s-pa to make confession, to con-

fess, which ace. to Buddhist doctrine in-

volves atonement and remission of sins.

SlJr^Ttllfos l ' ^' ^'S*1

' elevated, */'////-*/

xuit fos ma len* do not take more

than is right! 2. Mil.?

^fag-pa, pf. btays, fut. btag, imp.

fog, 1. to grind, raii-fdy-gis in a

mill DzL, gro wheat, /n/i'-i/nir to flour; to

reduce to powder, to pulverize, by means

of two stones (cf. ytwn); to mash. 2. to

weave, sndm-bu cloth; Ofdg(-pd)-po, Ofdg-nikaii a weaver; dar-fag-bfi-mo the daughterof a silk -weaver Glr. - -

Ofag-stdn loom

Sch. Ofag-rdd mill-stone, grinding-stone(?)

Sch.

<fd.it -po Wdit. a bodily defect or

deformity, prob. feit-po.

Ofad liking, pleasure ;will

; joy, v. the

following article.

Ofdd-pa I. 1. to be pleasant, agree-

able, well -pleasing ccdp., ysuii <!<-

kun sm-tu sems-la Ofdd-pa zig byuu all

these sayings have pleased me very muchMil. - 2. (not governing a case) to please,

to be acceptable, to be considered as good,

to be (generally) admitted, mi Ofdd -parinfo fi 1 see that (this reading) is not ge-

nerally accepted Zam.; zt's-paan Ofdd-do

it occurs also in this form Zam.; nii-Jdil-

</' wrong! W.s. (294): to be fit, proper,

suitable (syn. to ôs-pa). *!///.< :>'r-lm >ni

Ofdd~la as it is not proper t<> call it soul,

;i> it cannot fitly be called soul Mi/.

3. a familiar word, very frq. used, in W.

almost the only word for dgd-ba and Oddd-

pa, *sem fad -de* cheerfully, joyfully H'..

Ofdd-rgyu nn'</-fi(it<n// :iy-la prob.: as he

became angry Mil.: *sem-mi ndti-ne f<i<l

0/i*, also *tin (q. v.) *(tiy-im-nr t,nl-

W. I have been heartily glad; J<t,l- fl-

Qdra i/ti/'tMil. though appun-ntly n-j<.i-ing;

*nm tntl-fi'nf W, I am very glad of that;

*sem fddi-fnj

- <"<?* W. to make glad ,to

exhilarate; \d-lieb-bi z<>-lu mi fa.l-dn* W.does your honour not like curdled milk?

*(dd-Kan* W. willing, ready; *yd-ru di.l-

na sort* W. go wherever you like; ldy-ji-

Ofad let us turn back Glr.; nin-ni Jd<l-la

voluntarily, spontaneously.II. Sch. = Qfdn-pa, Ofad-lddn = (dn-po.

Ofan bad, Ofan- dre a demon SV//.

Ofdn- pa (cog. to brtdn - po and

fdii-pof) C. also Ofdd-j>a. firmness.

constancy, in Lexx. explained by ?/^///-/////:

mi Ofdn-po a steady, resolute man

Ofdb-pa to combat, to fight in a

battle; to quarrel, to dispute, to

brawl; fa-&6b <l<t>> Ofdb-pa to straggle

with a snow-storm Mil.; Qfdb-pa in&i-

si-ba to die peaceably, without a struggle;

Ofdb-pa Odft III-IHI when quarreling (persons)

are reconciled; I,

:

a- fdb ('. a fighting with

the mouth, altercation; lag-

Otdb Cs. a

fighting with one's hands, a close fighting.

a scuffle (Sch. gesticulation?); Ofab- Ln'>l

Lex. dispute, contest; fab- Kinig prob. id.;

(JLex. ÎTOV weapon?); *fab-dhdb

\\'!ipons, arms; Ofab-cds ammunition, re-

quisites for war Sc/tr.; Otab-brduns, a-Lni

Ofab-bnliiiix the quarreling and thrashing

of my uncle Mil.] Ofdb-mo quarrel, fight,

row, fray, battle, Ii. and col. frq., Ofdl>-

ino Lnn'-d-/HI H., *cd - <* H". , to quanvl.

fight etc.; Ofdb

- ind sprdtl-/HI to tight a

battle, to join battle (?//.; Ofab- tz6b a dry

cough Sch. Ofdb-rtsdd altercation, quarrel,

brawl , fnp-

Ofab-

i/a antagonist, Ky6d-

////.s /mi Ofdb-ya bi/i'd <!</<>* tlmu nuiNt (în-

tend with me filr. Inh'id-inoicfdb - ya

a termagant, a she-d-vil to struggle with

Mil.: ;v/.s-.-7,Y//As-Xy/* Ofab-ya the antagoni-i-

of life, i. <. the family and relations a

secular man has to struggle with Mil. -

Ofab-mg* intrenchment, brea-t-\\oik. forti-

fication ('.

10'

~"uflllillg words, pompous si)'le; *lay-I,."MII-po* IV. highly skilled, well Ilrllcti~(1.

- JtI(cm_tII{j,t 'the high blue (thing)' vi~

the Imir of the heftd of Huddhl\. ulwll)'sreluesenteu 1111 of 1\ light sk)·-lllue.

e:.lff~·,:r, rJ.£f~·,:r 1I1(61-ba, "fQi-ba, to con·fess, to avow, 11~_pa

D::l.; m{ol {sd,;s (cr. cf!!loo-(sli,is) confession,acknowledgment, m(ol-ftili,;s b!litl.,Ja D::l.,tl/(ol bSaysila to make confe6~ioD, to COD_fes.~, which Ilt.'t'. to Ruddbist doctrine inyoh'cs atonement ll.nd remission of sins.;J~' 1Jl{(JtJ I. LJ. high, elevated, *(ill/-lli

sa.. (()lI wla leJl- do Dot take moretllnn is right! - t. MiUa..q:~r"r .,lay-ptl, pf. bla[p, fut. May, imp.

(()(j, J. to grind, rmi-{ag-gu in amill D:l., gro whent, p!JC-III(f1' to flour; to

reduce to powder, to pulverize, b), meaDsof two stones (cf.l'tun); to mash. - 2. toweave. 'I/dlll-im cloth; o(ag(-]Ja)-l'o, o{ag1II/;an a weaver; dar-fay-bti..mo the daugllterof a silk-weaver Gil'. - ofug-stan loom&h. - o(ag-'I'dd mill-stone, grinding-stone(?)&h.~':f "flil' -]JO IVd,i. I~ hodily defect or

deformity, proh. fbi-po.rJ.Slo)· ofad liking, pleasure; will; joy, v. Ihe

following article.aSlo)·.q- o{dd-pa J. 1. to be pleasant, agree-

able, well-pleasing ccdp., y,u" dt!.hm U1I·lu Mms-la ,,{ad-pel "tig b!l'l" allthese ~llyings have plcftst'd me very lIIudlMil. - 2. (not go\'erning a. ..:ase) to please,to be acceptable, to be considered as good.to be (gencl'II.lIy) admitted, lIli ,,(ud -)lUI'

II/{O,) I see that (this reading) is not geo(,l'1\lIy accepled Z((RI.; US-pall'" oflid-doit occurs also in this fUl"nl 7AIII.; mi-Jtiddt! wrong! Willi. (294); to be fit, proper,suitable (S)'II. to ~oa-pa). IIt'Inll ::h'-bn tIIio{lid-ia ns it is not proper to call it soul,:\0, it cannol fitly be eMile<! soul Mil. 3. II. familinr word, ver)' frq. used, ill JJ'.almosl the only word for (Iyu.ba and odOdpa, -liem fd(i - dc' cheerfully, joyfull)' n:,ofdd-,'9!fU mM-pa Iliam ::;g~ prell.; as hebecame angry Mil.; *~m-mi mj,j-N!, (ad

t43

»01'-, n.lso ·ti,' (q. y.) *((j!rP'I"1f~ fad-MJ;'*IV. I luwe !J~II beArtil, "lad, fad- (,i,I-.. '* *

*dra ya'; Mil.. thuugh II'plrently ~jnicing:

-'II/a (ad-faIr W 1 am vcry glad of that;*urn (eid h,y- (;(* 11': to IDftke glAd, til

exllilnratc; *lofi-nJJ-{,i M_lel 1IIi rtld~a* II:does )'our honour not like curdled milk?*{Ii(/-I!an* W: willing, rendy; *Vti-ru fejdJm 3Q;'- II'. go "'her('\'er you like; I"'.J-/'",,(ad let us turn bnck Glr.; ,.,jn-ni oftid-Illvu!untari!y, 8j,ontaooou51)'.

II. &/1. = o{';"·l'a, o("d-Murt - *{till-po.

~~ o(all bad, ofan-odd n demon Se".a..~'.q' o{dll - po (cog. to IwMIl -]'0 and

fliit.-po1) G. also o(dd-lla. firmne....constancy, in l-u.l'. explained by fulll-tall;1/Ii o(all-PO l\ stcndy, resolute min (,.

a£j=:r.q· o(ub - pa to combat, to fight. in Ibattle; to quarrel, to dispute, to

brawl; J!a - {"ib JUI' ofub - pa to strugglewith a sIlO....'-sLOrm Mil.; *ffib-pa mid-<iJi.i-ba 10 die penceably, without a struggle;o(lib-]'a odum-lIll whco qun.rrtling (peNlOn~)

are reconciled; ~Ia-o{(jb ('..a fif;bting withthe mouth, altercAtion; lay - o(db Ct. alighting witll ooe's hands, a dose fighting.n scuffie (&h. geslieulation ?); oflib - hoMI~.r. disllutc, cootest; o{ab-ol/,,,,!! prall. id.;(Lt!J:. ~ wea)lon?); ·{ob -l.!"(ib* C.welllJ'Ons, tmlls; o{ab- CIU lllUmuoition, requisites for wftr &111'.; .Iab-bnlill", a.('Nio(ab-brd,oi, the qunrreling nnd t1ll':\shingof my unde Mil.; o((ib-/Uo qunrrtl, figll!.row, fray, !'fttlle. IJ. nod col. frll" iuh1110 b!Fd - pa IJ., *Cd - (,- n~, 10 quarrel,light elc.; ilib - md 'prtJ..I-]NI to light •llllttle, to join !Jaule Gil'.: ofab-.:db II. drycougll &1,. - o(tib-rfWtlaltercII.tioli. iluarrel.brawl, fnr - o(cW-!lu IUltlt.g<lllist, 1!Jdl/!.:!li.! Hui /lib_!l11 b!Jt"1 dvo- thou nJu~t oonleild wilh me Gir. - lxifid-H'oi .(u6-!JI'n lel'lIlllj:!1lllt, Il ;;b_Ie"il to ~rruggle "itll,Ifii. ; )',ub-J.:aIN-J:!li *{eib-!Jtl Ibe ftllt.gon i~l"

"I' lire, i.l'. the family uu(l relntiOIl~ II.

seculllr man h"S to slruggle "itla Mil.o{llb-''ljg.! intrcnchment, !Jrca,l-"'(lrk, ft1t1i·licatioll ('.

10'

244

Ofum-pa

fdb- l a cricket

Ofdm-pa, pf. Ofams, 1. to seize, to

lay hold of, to grasp, to take a

firm hold of, esp. with the teeth (dogs),

or the jaws (serpents W.); to sting (of

bees W.); to embrace, *rkan-pa Ofdm-ce*

W. to put one's arras around a person's

feet, as a supplicant; to grasp intellectually,

to comprehend (?) Glr. - - 2. to gnash, so

one's teeth; to Shut closely, Ka one's mouth,

frq.-- 3. to join, unite (vb. n.), grogs-su,

grogs -por Stg., in friendship, bya -bar in

an act, an undertaking Dzl.

rCT tdl-ba v. fal-ba.

naxrrr Ofds-pa, Lex.=mKri>ys-pa, hard,

solid; bag-cdgs rgyud-la Ofas prob.:

inordinate desire has taken a firm hold of

your minds; sra- fds Sch. strong, robust,

Sinewy; a- fas-te, and i- fas-kyi bag-cagsPth.?

oty-P* l - vb - n> Pf- o%s to drop,

to fall in drops, to drop from, Kragma Ofigs-par Lt. without any blood drop-

ping out. 2. vb. a., pf. btigs, fut. btig to

cause to fall in drops, to instil etc.

T' ^tl ~ s^a< s - a term of blame' or abuse; Lexx.

T fibs a cover> covering; Otibs-jg

fsud? S.g.

ofibs-pa, pf. fibs and ytibs (cf.

ytibs-pa\ to gather, of clouds,

storms; nd-bun bzih-du Ofibs-par gyur-to

(all the Buddhas) came drawing nearer

like clouds of mist Glr.; to condensate, vb.

n. Ijon-sin fams-cdd dgci-bai fsdl-du Ot'ibs

all the trees afford a delightful shade Glr.;

byin Ofibs drowsiness overcomes me; po.

and fig. to grow dark or dim, ses-pa con-

sciousness Med. - -Ofibs-po dark, close,

dense.c\

Q^&T^T Ofim-pa v. fan-pa.

PC!*n" fti-ha 1. adj. v. tu-ba. 2. vb.,

N5 also Jfun-pa, pf. Ofus, btus, fut. btu,

imp. fus, btu (Cs.), to gather, collect, pick

up, sin, me-tog, frq. ;fus-mi an assemblage

of men, council, Cs.

Ofun-ba, pf. Ofuns (Cs. also btut'/s

I have drunk out), (fub. btun Cs.),

imp. Ofmi, (Cs. also btun drink out!), W.

*fun-cc*, to drink, frq.; to suck, to smoke

(tobacco), to eat (soup); to be soaked,

drenched (cloth) Dzl.; tidms-pa Ofun-ba

to drink one's fill Dzl.; zo- funs, <o- funs

suckling baby; zo- fun dus-na during the

time of giving suck Med.; Ofuns-pa fsdm-

gyis immediately after drinking Thgy.;

Ofuns- so they were engaged in drinking

Glr.; Otun-du run-ba, W. *

fun-cog*, drink-

able; btun-ba sbst. drink, beverage, bzd-ba

dan btun-ba, bza-btun ( W. *zabtun*) meat

and drink, frq.; btun-cu water for drinkingMil. -

^SFPT, ^^TTSI* %-P, mfug-pa, adj.

^> and abstr. sbst., Ofug-

po adj , thick, mta-Qfug thicker toward the

margin or edge Mng.\ gen. of woven stuffs,

opp. to srdb-pa; srab- fug 1. thin and thick,

2. thickness relatively; also consistency, of

liquids, opp to sld-ba Med.; dense, nags,

frq.; sound, heavy, ynyid Ofug-po a sound

sleep; strong, bag-cdgs Ofug-po a stronginclination Mil.

fM-pa, mfud-pa io

make longer by addinga piece, to piece out, to prolong, pu-dunW. a sleeve; skye-ba Ofud mi dgos he has

no need of adding a re-birth, a new periodof life Pth.; Ofud-ma 1. addition, prolon-

gation, *srog-gi fud-ma tdn-ce* W. prolong-

ing life (by medicine, careful nursing).-

2. aid, assistance, subsidy, e.g. to a needybetrothed couple; also a gift of honour, a

present, offered to a departing benefactor

or respected Lama W.; dmag -Ofud sub-

sidies; auxiliary troops. 3. help, assistance

in general.

n as- Ofun gatherer, sin- fun a gatherer of

\j> '

wood, rtsa- fun of grass.

Ofub-pa, pf. Ofubs, fut. ytub, imp.

Ofub, btub, W. *fub-ce*, to cut into

pieces, v. ytub-pa.

Ofum-pa, pf. Ofums, btums, fut.

btum, imp. Ofum, btum, W. *tum-

ce*, to cover or lay over, to put over, to

Q.£l,:::p::~\!:r "fdb-/JU a cricket Sclt.

a.~·=r "fum-pa, pf. ,,(alniJ, 1. to seize, tolay hold of, to grasp. to wke u

firm hold of, esp. with the teeth (dogs),or the jaws (serpents JV:)j to sting (ofbees lv'); to embrace, ·r/;11I'-1'a cfdm-U'W: to put one's arms around a person'sfeet, as 3 SUPlllicnot; to grasp intellectually,to comprehend (1) Gir. - 2. to gnash, 3Q

one's teeth; to shut closely, Ilo onc's mouth,frq. - 3. to join, unite (vb. n.), [lrQg3-IW,ffliJrP-PO/' $19., in friendship, h!Jd-bal' innn nct, an uodertnking D::l.

~'=l' "ral-llo v. fal-J.m.

~"f:.r"fdJI-pa, Lu.-ml.'ntJs-pa, liard,solid; bag-lays TgyM-la .(as prnb.:

inordinate desire has taken (I firm hold ofyour minds; sra-.,ltb $ell. strong, robust,sinewy; £l_/as_le, and /-o(as-~'!Ji bag-cogs1111.1~·tf otig-pa 1. vb. n., pf. ,,{ifP to drop,

to fall in drops, to drop from, frayma oflgs-]w" Lt. without any blood drol'"pinR out. - 2. vb. a.., pf. lAius, fut. bilU tocause 10 fall in drops, to instil etc.~~.~_. oti,j - slad Cs. a term of blame

r:ii or abuse; J.eu.~~.q~' Pbs a cover, covering; iibs - ~O!/

(sud' S.U't';~~.:.r iiln-l,a, pf. (ibs and ttibs (d.

rtibs - pa), 10 gather, of clouds,storms; nd_bun b3:i'i-du ofibs-par gyilt-to(all the Buddhas) came drawing nearerlike clouds of mist Glr.; 10 condensate, vb.n. ljlhf-id'ii (am8--Cad dgJ-bai (sal-du iibsall the trees afford a delightful sllllde Gll'.;hYlft ofihs drowsiness overcomes me; po.and fig. to grow dark or dim, Us-pa consciousness Mcd. - ofibs - po dark, close,dense.

~'=J' ofim-pa v. (im-pa.

r.lEf.::r ofti-ba 1. adj. v. (II-ba. - 2. vb.,.\.... also iim-pa, pf. o(us, bttU, fut. blu,imp. (Il$, htu (u.), to gather, collect, pickup, ii,i, mlJ-orog, frq.; fus-mi aD lISsemblageof men, counci~ Cs.

~£jt:.'.q' o((",i-lxt, pf. o(wis (Cs. also btwis...." I lUI\'e drunk out), (fut. btwi es.),

imp. o(tl,i. (u. also hlu'; drink out!), lV."filli-i:?, to drink, frq.; to suck, to smoke(tobacco), 10 eat (soup); to be soaked,drenched (cloth) Dzl.; Mms· pa O(U" - bato drink one's fill Dzl.; 3:0-0(11"8, ..o.o(ulissnckling baby; ZQ·o(w; dU8-1la during thetime of gil'iog suck Med,; i/tils-pa 6dm·gyis immediutely after drinking Tllgy.;0((ois-80 they were engAged in drinkingGlr.; o(uli-du rrili-lxt, W: "(wi-lOg", drink.able; bt,ili·ba sbst. drink, beverage, b::d-badan hUlA.ba, h::a-bMti (IV. "::abt(lJi") meatanJ drink, frq.; lAilli-eu water for drinkingMil. -r.l,~'q' ~~=J' iug.pa, 1II(ilg-pa, adj.

...., , ..., and abstr. sbst., o(ug-po adj, thick, 1/Ita-o(ug thicker toward themargin or edge 1I1Ii9'; gen. of woven stuffs,opp. to 81'u{,..zJaj sl'ab-o(ug I. thin and thick,2. Ihickness relatively; .also consistency. ofliquid~, opp to sM-ba Mtd.; dense, nags,frq.; sound, heavy, )'1Iyid o(ug'po a soundsleep; strong, bag - carP o(Ug - po a stronginclination Mi{.r.l,£fi'=J' ~~'q' iud-pa, 1/lfitd-pa to

...., , ...." make longer by addinga piece, to piece out, to prolong, ftu-dunn~ a sleeve; skyl-ba o(ud mi d!los he hus

110 need of adding: a re·birth, a ncw periodof life I'tl,.; o(ml. rna 1. addition, prolon.gation, "snJv-gi (iul-lIi(J. (uli·U' lV. prolonging life (b)' medici UP., careful nursing). 2. aid, assistance, subsidy, e.g- to It needybetrothed couple; also a gift 01 honour, apresent, offered to a departing benefactorur respected Lama w.; dinag - o(ild subsidies; auxiliary Iroops. - 3. help, assistancein general.r.l~' o(un gatherer, ~ift'o(lin n gatherer of"\.... 1I'0od, ,·tsa-ilin of grass.Cl.~q' o(ub-pa, pf. ofubs, fut. tilth, imp.

..., o(!ih, btub, w: "fUfJ..1:e", to clli intopieces, \'. rfiLb-pa. -~~'q' oftill~' pa, pf. o(ums, btl/illS, fut.

.... htum, imp. ium, bium, IV. "tum-M", to ~ver 01' layover, 10 put over, to

tums

24.r>

coat, zth'ix-ki/is dlr. : to wrap up, to envelop,

v. ytiim-pa.t a in* barren, sterile: addled (eggs);

blo-Jitin* stupid Li'.r.r.

>// supine of Ju-ba.

Jvl-bu to rise, to spread, of smoko,

vapours, perfumes, ga-pur Oful it

smells of camphor Lf.r ; /v//// ?m Qtnl-l><n-

In/us-pai ^og-tu after having laid the dust

Dzl.', la -Ids bdug-spos Oful some persons

were spreading perfumes Pth.

<>%*- P ^'s - to set out on a

journey. (To me only *fdg-ce* W.

is known.) i. to pack up. 2. to depart. It

prob. signifies the same as feg-pa, Odegs-

pa to lift, raise, take up, cf. yzi btda-ces,

or Odegs-pa to shift, to change, lodgings,

to remove; feg-Kuy carpet-bag, knapsack.fe'l

-> perh. only another spelling for

fen" Sch. has Ofen-la Jbor-ba to throw

away as unfit, and if that be correct, it

may serve to explain both significations

mentioned under fen.

Jeii-ba Cs. to be lame, to go lame.

cf. feh-po; also adj.: bsu-mKan

byiu Ofeh- ma cig kyan med not even a

lame chicken came to meet me Mil. nt.

Jen-pa 1. to draw, to pull, gyen-la

up, upward, mdun-du forth, out;

par Jen fsur Ofen they pulled to and fro,

this way and that way Pth.; nur-gyis by

jerks, by little and little Glr.', yal-ba J(hi-

pa a curtain drawn before Glr.; *u fen-

ce* W. to draw breath, to breathe; in W.

esp. used for to draw out (a cork) to take

off (a pot -lid), to draw or take away (a

pot from the fire).-- 2. to stop, to stop

short, to wait, Jen-pa bzan it will be ad-

visable to stop, to wait. In W. also =

rten-pa to lean, recline, repose on. -

*gor-la ftn-ce* W. to form on a lathe, to

turn. -- Sch.: fen-JHyer forgetting and

remembering (?).

Ofel> overplus, extra, supernumerary,

gos- feb a supernumerary dress Lex. ;

tnal-gos Ofeb-kyis Ofum-pa to wrap up in

an extra blanket Lex.\ zag ycig Ofeb one

day over, or too much; Jtb-pa to hare

too much (?) Sch.

-pa, pf. (ebs, (proj). tin-

passive or neuter vb. to Oc

pa, but often not differing from it, v. Ot

pa) 1. to be thrown, strewed, scattered. -

ban Mil.-, to be afflicted with, befallen by,

>i('nl-kyix a disease, frq., also with lit*- la

Glr.; Ian Jebs-pa to answer; ysal Jebs-pato be explained minutely; to be under-

s food perfectly T/i<n: 2. W. to be hit

or struck (= Ken-pa; *'i-ru feb soft* I have

been hit here (stung, bitten etc.); *f>l> <>>;/-

te toit* put it down, hitting (the right place),

i.e. put it just in its proper place; *//</

feb-ce* not to hit the mark, to miss the

aim; *ma feb* the blow did not strike home;

even of a prayer is said: *feb*, it has hit,

it has been heard. -- 3. Cs. in a general

sense: to take, seize, hold fast; Jebs-li>Cs.: 'a tailor's instrument for holding fast

cloth etc. in sewing; a thimble'; but the

latter is undoubtedly to be spelled inf>h

(or feb)-labs; v. Icibs.

r-, ri-iTr-r ferns-pa Cs. : 'to shut, comprise.KZJ'>|SN H .

(

, ,

cover, include; v. Jams-pa : the

Lexjc. have only: nan-cags-Jems, andjem*-

ndn w.e. In W. it is l.vb.n. to Jams-

pa: *ldg-pa fern* my hand has been squeezed

in, *fem-cei cd-lag* a thing (e.g. a machine)

giving chances of being squeezed. 2. to

suffice,= %<;^"7'" 1' M'''~^a -

"J" Jo-Jsdms-pa v. fo etc.

ty-pa Cs. = yt6g-pa, Sch. also

Jdg-pa.

Jogs-pa pf. and imp. Jogs, 1. to

take, to seize, to take up, a knife,

a sword D:l.. provisions in order to dis-

tribute them />:/., esp. to carry 1 >.-/. ami

elsewh.; rol-mo Jogs-pa Gb'., Tar. 21, 1.

prob. to carry musical instruments (or to

make music?); = fob -pa to receive, *fiai

Ins fogs re-re, or fogs fsdd* all that have

received human bodies by the metem-

psychosis C., W. 2. Jogs-pa with fxin.

frq.,v. Odogs-pa\ Tar. 159,16 = to name,

to call.

coat, :d"J-/r!fl~ GI,..; to wrap up, to envelop,v. )I""I-P«.~~~ i"".' bamn, slerile; addled (eggs);

'" blo-.fi4/111 stupid IA.r.r.

~• •fllr supine of .f'I'&,.~

~£f...f.:::r .fftl.oo 10 risl, to spread, of smokt.','" YIlpouN., perfumes. gu-p"r .fIIl It

sroells of clUQphor 1..-t.E.; rdlll mi .fill-IMI·b!fds-pal ~dt.rtll after having laitl the dustD=l.: w-idl bdIIg~1JHlt .ful some persons1\ere sp,,",ding Ittrfllmes HA.t;'" ~.cr .fiya - pa U. to set out on a

journey. (To me only ·fdg-h· n:is 00""0.) 1. to pack lip. 2. to deparl hIlrob. signifies the same lUi f;G-p4, .dIga1'" to lift, raese, take up, cr. r-i bldg - m.,or ./kgtI- pa to shift, to change, lodgings,to !'tUlove; fl'g-h!/ carpet-bag, knapsack.A.~. .frio, perh. owy another spelliog for

f,li; &It. hllli .firi-la .Ur-bo to throwaway as unfrt, and if that be correet, it.mlf M'ne to eJ:plaiu both ~igniliCll.ltonS

mentioned undu ftit.

~'.:::r .fi"-&r. (~. to be lame. 10 go lame,d. ali-l>O; also adj.: t.It-m.f_

b!Jik .(de - Wkl i'ifJ 1:14;' 'IIW not e\'en Ilame chicken came to meet me Mil. nl.

A.~:r .(In-pa 1. to draw, to pllll, g!JiI.-lflup, up"..rd, JHdil/,.du fortb, out;

lJar .fm f.ur lm t.be)· pulled to Ind fro,this way and thot ....ay Pr".; tmr-yyil byjerks, by little and little Glr. j yol..ba .finpa a curtaio drawn l!efore Glr.; ·u' (ht

t~· 1I~ to draw breath, to brealht'; in IV.esp. used for to draw out (II. cork) to takeoff (110 pot-lid), 10 draw or take away (npot from the fire). - 2. to stop, to Itopsharf, to wait, ofh.-1Jfl 1m",; it will be ad\'i:>nble to stop, to wnit. - In W. al~o rtbl -lXJ to lenn, recline, rel'osc on. ·gO,.-lll fhl-&-- n~ to forlll 011 l\ latbe, toturu. - &1•. : .(m _.£Iyk Corgcttiug lindremcrobcriog (?).Q,Q::r .ft!J overplus, extra, luptrnUmerary,

ga.-leo a supernumerary dretls Lu:;'Hal.!!", .ft/J./ryU ofitm-pa to wnr.p u~ In

nn CXUll blnoket Lu.j w9 f''ig/f on8;

dny over, or too much; .fth.,Ja PoD II.veltoo much (?) &11.

q~~:r .libl-]Xl, pf. (tb-, (l'roP' lhev.~ive or neuter vI,. lO .&;;,.

]HI, but oClen not dilJ'eriog from it, v.•JB..]}(I) 1. to be thrown, strewed. scatltrt4, 1Ii_bOlt Mil.; to be afflicted with, Delalltn by.1eliti-!yg a. di:.ease, frq., abo witll lil,.I«Glr.; lall ,/ro..JI(I. to aoswer; rlall~to be explained minutely; to be untl('rs'ood perfedly 7'hgr. - 2. n~ to be ltitor struck (_fis.-po.; .'j_ f..o ..• J h.vebeen bit Ilue (itung. bilten etc.); .k/J U,~

fe toit· pUI it dOll"D, bitting (the right plAce),i.e. put it just ill its pralttr plact; .""flb- M' not t.Q hit lhe mNk, to mi. theaim; ._ (tb· the blow did notlitrike home;Men of a pr3)'er is said: ·kG·, it has hit,it has been beard. - 3. (.L in a geoeraliCnse: to lake, seize, bold lui; ofiW-1CihC•. : <a t#ilois io:>trumeot for holdiog flbtcloth etc. in sewiogj • IhiOlble'; but tbelat.tu is undoubtedly to be spelled -.ttb(or ftb)-lHmj v. InbI.Q,~~tf ofn-~ 0.: 'to shut, c~,

(O¥er,mcltMIe; v• •fmm.,Ht : tbel..-t.r..r. hal'e onl)': "a'lt-~o(hM,aod.{Ms"an ll'.e. )n n: il is I. vb.n. 10 .r""wp«: °ldg-pa (em· myhllad bas bet:o aq\M!C.Uldin, ·(In!-hl lu-l"Y· • thillg (e.g. a nlacbioe)gi\'ing chlluces of being !!queued. - 2. ttslIlflce, = .Jlyld-pa., 100"...00.

~~~~r:r o(o-/.avu-pa v. fl) e~.

r.:~tf of!Jg-l'{/. C•• - J1dt.J-pa, ScI.. allO"\ - .rug-po..~~~'=1' of6gl-pa pf. Ilnd imp.•fM;l, 1. to

:"f "I' take, to seize, to take up•• kuife,a sword D;:l., provi!ions in onler to distribute them D;:l., esp. to cany J);:L /ludel~ewh.; I-Ql-,IIO Gto.,p-1N1 GI,·., 'l'u". :.!l, 16,(lrob. to carry musical ilistruweulJ (or tomll.ke music?); _ (db-p« to r~einl, ·/Hi,

iu.s fOfll ,-e-rl, or ((Ii.!' hll(r all that hayereceived hUlllan bodi« by lhe 1Oe~IU

psychosis C., w. - 2. - .ddg'·JIU. with llalt,frq., Y. od6t~pa; 'ruf. 159,16. to name,to call.

246

f6n-pa da

ncfx'n' Ofon-pa, pf. and imp. fon, vb.n.

to Odon-pa, in W. very frq., in B.

less so,= byun-ba, 1. to come out, to go

out, *ddy-sa fcdn-pa-ne ton* he is just

coming out of the house; kun pyir Ofon-

te all coming out Mil.;

to remove (from a

house or place), to leave, *t'on-cdg* W. the

last farewell; to depart, to emigrate; cupd-

gar fon-nas when I shall be beyond the

river Mil.', more carelessly: *yul fon-na,

lun-pa fon-na* W. when one has passed

through, the village, the valley; *dun-du

ton - ce* to step or come forth (from the

crowd etc.) ;to rise, arise, originate, v. myin-

rus. -- 2. for ^oii-ba, to come, esp. Bal.

- 3. to come from,

to proceed from,

to

have origin, bod Ko-rdn-nas Ot'6n-pa yin

these are products of Tibet itself; hence:

to occur, like ^on-ba, fson-pas kur-nas Ofon

Odug (these goods) occur as imported, are

imported; rig-pa-can min Ofonyin-te known

as being acute, sagacious.

ofob-pa, v. fob-pa.

pa, to be dim, dull,

clouded, of the sensesand the understanding,

*nyid fom-ce* W. to slumber, to doze, *nyid

yur-ce* id.; mgo-(bo) Ofom consciousness

is clouded or darkened, by intoxication,

diseaseMed.; also of religious darkness Pth.;

*mig torn - fom ca dug1' W. he is dazzled

(by the brightness of the sun); Idons-sin

Ot'6ms-par yyur having become blind Dzl.

Ofor fragment, of a book Tar., cf.

for-bu.

*Ofor-ba, pf. btor, fut. ytor, imp.

/or, 1. prop. vb.n. to be scattered,

of leaves by the wind Dzl, to fly asunder,

to be dispersed ;to fall to pieces, to decay,

of the body after death Mil.;

to burst, of

a gun; but also vb.a. : me -tog Ofor-ba to

strew flowers Glr., Dzl.', Ofor- tun libation

Cs., cu- (6r libation of water Sch. ; cf. ytor-

ba. - - 2. W.: to have notches, flaws, of

edge-tools.

f6l-ba v. mfol-ba.

r- da I. the letter d, originally, and in

' the frontier districts also at present,

pronounced like the German d,

i.e. not

quite so soft as the English d; in C. as

initial aspirated and low-toned, dh;as final

letter half dropped, and changing a pre-

ceding a, o, u into a, o, //; as prefix in Kh.

and Bal. y, not differing from the pre-

fixed g.- - da -

drag is a term used by

grammarians ,for the now obsolete d as

second final, after n, r, 1, e.g. in kund,

changing the termination du into tu; no,

ro, lo into to; nam, ram, lam into tarn. -

2. num. figure for 11.

z* da 1. gen. at the head of a sentence:

now, at present, just, esp. before the

imp. mood: da kar-ddu-la son just go to

Kardang! directly, immediately, forthwith,

instantly ;in narration sometimes (though

rarely) for then, at that time. 2. in col.

language after the emphatical word of the

sentence: it is true, to be sure, indeed, *lon

da yod nul med* time I have, it is true,

but no money.

Comp. da-ko Sch. -da. dd-ci a little

while ago, lately. Mil. and col. dd-ca

in future, henceforward. - -

da-nyid the

present time; but just now. --dd-lta(r)

246

~~''J' o(on-pa, pf" and imp. {M, ~·b.n.to odOll6pa, In W: vc'1' frq., III 11.

less so, = fJyun-ba, 1. to come out, to goou~ *dag. sa M,; - pa - '1lf (on- hll is justcoming out of the house; !.:un i'yir /011Ie all coming out Mil.; to remove (from It

house or place), to leave, ·;on-c«g" IV. thelas~ farewell; to depart, to emigrate; ell pli.!JUI' (Oil-Mil when J shall be beyourl theriver Mil.; more carelessl)'; *!llIl (QIl _ 'la,Uui-pa ((,n-1W- n: whl'n one Ims passr.dtlIrough, Ihe village, the valle)'; *dim-dlt(011 - W' to stell or coJme forth (from thecrowd etc.); to rise, arise, originate, v. 811!)ili_

/'lIS. - 2. for ~dA.ba, to come, csp. Hal.- 3. to come from, to proceed from, tohave origin, bod go -/,d,;-11(($ ofdn-pa !Jill

these firc products of Tibet itself; hence:to occur, like _oli-ba, {SQ,i-PWl J..;ifr-IUl8 ,/011eduff (these goods) occur (IS ilUported, Meimported; 1'1g-pa-oon mill efen .!Jill-te knownas being acute, sagacious.

~iFI'q' la-pa, \". fob-pa.

~~(~r~r, ~~q' efdm(.)-pa, (011I(')-pa. to be dim, dull,

clouded, of the SCJlsesnnd the understalldiog,-ll!Jid (orll-/:t' 1V. to slumber, to doze, ·Il!jid,Iflir-ctid.; 1Ilgo-(bo) e(Olll cOllsciousnessis cloudcd or darkcued, by intoxication,diseuseNed.; also of rcligiou~ darkncssl~/I.;-illig (om - Milt ca dUff" 11': he is dnzzled(by the brightness of tho sun); UlO/is-M,je(dms-par !I!jw' having becomc blind lJ::l.~~. e(OI' fragment, of a book Tar.. cr.

(ol·-bu.a.,£F,. ',q' efOl•• 00, pf. bier, rut. )'101', imp.

e(O,., 1. prop. vb.n. to be scattered,of leavcs b}" the wind Dzl., to fly asunder,10 be dispersed; to fall to pieces, to decay,of the body lifter death Mil.; to bllrst, ofa gun: but also "b.Il.: '/lie-tog eMr-ba Wstrew l10wers Glr., J);;f.; Jor-elwi libation0., cu·el6l·libation of water &1,.; cf.r«ho..bu. - 2. IV: to have notches, flaws, ofedge-tools.~

Q,£PP::r efdf-ba ,'. mfdf-ba.

~. da 1. the letter d, originally, I'1l1d illthe frontier districts also ut present,

pronouIlced like the German d, i.e. no~

quite so soft as the English d; in C. usinitial aspirated and low-toned, dh; as fiualletter half dropped, ond changing a. preceding a, 0, u iuto y,.I),!lj as prefix in Kh.Dnd /Jal. = r, not differing from the prefixed g. - da - drJg is a term used bygrnmmarinns, for the now obsolcte d ussecond final, after n, 1', 1, e.g. in kUlld,changing the termination du int<:o Iu; 110,

ro, 10 into 10; nam, ram, lam iuto lam. 2. num. figure {or II.

_. da I. gen. a~ the bead of a lICDtcnce:1 now, at present, jllSt, esp. before theimp. mood: da kar-ddll·la 80'l just go toKardang! directly, immediately, forthwith,instantly; in narration sometimes (thoughl'tlrely) for then, at Ihat time. - 2. in col.lallguugll after the emphatical word of thesenwnce: it is true, to be sure, indeed, ·-fOilda yod lilll mea- tjluc I ha"e, it is true,but no money.

Comp, da-ko &1,. = d{~. - dd-ti a littlewhile ago, lately. Mil. und col. - dd - cain future, henceforward. - da -IIYU thepresent time; but just now. - lid -itaCr)

dd-ka

247

1. now, at present. dd-l-i-nas dd-lta inn-latmiu lately till now Thgy.; <l<i-lt<ti (or </<i-

lt<n--</i//} Ix'ir-du until now; du-ltui *i>y6d-

lam our course of acting during this life

(ilr.; <l<t -Itar-yyi l>yd

-ba, or dnon-pu a

IMTSHII'S experience or actions during the

present period of his life Dzl.; da-lta-nyid-

dn Glr., da -Ita -ran Mil, Pth., instantly;

<lu-lta-baCs., dd-ltar-ba Gram., dus dd-lta-

ba the present time, presence; the presenttense 2. W. hereafter, afterwards, *ddg-m

, dul-ta toil* I do not want it now;m

give it me afterwards. dd-ste henceforth,

from this time forward Dzl. da-dun (frq.

pronounced and spelled da-ruii} v. below.- da-dc Glr. and C. now. -- da nan this

morning. dd-ni 1. now, 2. henceforth Glr.

ilu-/>yi(ii)-cad Dzl., da-pyis Glr. henceforth.-

dd-byuii a man of yesterday, an upstart.

<l<i - tsam about this time, da- fsun

henceforth Pth. --da-yzod but now, but

just, not until now. -- *da-rdns* C. = da-

nan. da-run, da-diiii still, still more, da-

rn it ton give still more! da-run legs-par

ysun- bar zu please, explain it more in

detail Ma.;

still longer, once more, da-run

yan again and again, over and over again;*da-run fsd-big ma fsar* W. it is not quitefinished yet. da -res (Sch. also da -re-

bat} i. now, now at least, but for this time

(opp. to siidn-cad, s/tttr, /'//AS) Mil. 2. W.

formerly, heretofore (opp. to da now).<l('-lo this year, in this year.

dd-Ka horse-shoe, *dhd-Ka gydb-pa*to shoe a horse ( '.

dd-ci (std-ci?) sickle hook, for cuttingoff briers Lh.

dd-$u mercury Med.

]'da-trig a medicine Med.

V da-drdg v. the letter d.

da-prig, dwa-jw,/,

da-tse, orphan.

dwd-ba a plant Med., yielding an acrid

drug; da-fsdd id.(?); da -rood, and

da-yyun are two species of this plant, the

former of which is considered to be of

greater virtue Wd.

d<i-l>u<i v. td-btuj. t,i

da-bt'i' v. t<t-br, mda-

-.ft_. da-bifid lizard. M/.: I.,,. - fym-

r-^' dd-ra col. and sometimes li. = </'/-

/'" buttermilk.

da-li several low-growing kinds of

Rhododendron.

dag 1. sign of the plural, eleg. for

mams; often added to the pronounsde and Odi, and sometimes to numerals;also in the combination d<ty

- mains. In

translations of Sanskrit works it denotes

the dual number. --2. nd-dag, Kyed-dag,seems in Mil. often to be used for nd-lta-

bu-dag my equal, or equals (another readingis fid -Ita, v. Ita 2). --3. W. col. = da,

esp. in the compounds *ddg-sam, dtig-sa*

now; also certainly, it is true (v. da 2) Mil.

4. v. ddy-pa.

day- Ka is said to be used in Ts.

for di-Ka.

dag - ci Lh. mint, aromatic plant,

Mentha Royliana.

Knwrzjrar dag-ga-dog-ge Ld. for dog-

J*

ddg-pa (prop. pf. of ^day-pa), clean.

pure; cleanness, purity; us adj. also

ddg-po, W. *dug-mo*; dag-par ^yur-ba to

become clean, d(i<j-j>ur bytd-pa to make

clean, to cleanse, to purify, dag-par Jfru-

ba (W.*dag -mo tu-le*) to wash clean;

more frq. fig. : *Ka ma dhag* ( '. impure,

incorrect, vulgar pronunciation, cf. sgra I;

rigs ma dag impure blood or kindred; com.

pure with regard to religion and morals,

(also=

holy, sacred, relative to lifeless ob-

jects), lus da/i nag dan yid-kyi las yons-nt

ddg-pa quite pure in word and action D;l. ;

lus dag sems day dbdn-po dag, also /-ytsaii etc. id.; dag-par Ofs6-ba to lead a

pure, a virtuous life; smdn-lam ddg-pa is

stated to mean a sincere prayer Glr.: rndm-

(pat') dag(-pa) quite pure, most holy, frq.;

l. now, at present, dd-Ci·lIlU dd·ltll ,:IIN-lafrom Intel)' tilillow T"u!J.; (ld-ltm' (or dd·ifnl'"!!Y') bd,.-du until JlOll'; tld-It«; 8pyM_lam our coul"!le of acting during thi lifeGlr.; dli-llar-U!fl" byd-ba, or d~_po"l~r;.on'l Ilxperience or acliolls duriug tbe1lre:.f:llt period of Ilis life Dd.; dtl-/kl4fyitl_till Glr., do-iro-rdn Mil, J'tII., instaod)';dd-lta..b4 c.., Jd·ltm'-Qa Gram., dIU dd-lta1M the preeent time, pre8tnce; tile presentteose 2. W: hereafter, aftet'wards. ·dUg~1

wli fIlJ'. ddl-ta lofte I do not. ",'Int it now;give it me afterwards. - dti-alt henceforth.from this time fOfWaNl D:l. - da-d'll' (£rq.pronounced and 'pelle<! da-n.if) v. below.- Ja-4J GIl'. Md C. now. - do Ill;'; Ihismorning. - dli-fli 1. now, '1. henctforth Gt,..tIU-l',yf(,i)-J'lJf.l D:J., da-ftyi. GIl'. henceforth.- (ld-h!Jllti a maD of yesterday, an upstart.- dU. -tla.l .bout Ibis time. - do - 6""henceforth Pril. - do - r:OJ but IMIW, butjust, not until now. - -du - I'd"" C: _ dana,.;. - da--ritli, d.·diut ,til~ ,till more. danill (olli give still Jllore! d~";,, Ugc_pa,yhit. bu, :u please, explain it more indetail Ma.; still longer, once more, da-ritliyaH again aod agaio, Ol'er aDd over again;·do.-ril'; (lli-bifJ "Ill (M'· W: it is Dol quitcfinished yet. - da-m (&k abo I/a-,/6a?) l. now, nowal least, bullor this time(opp. to .min.cad, ,,jar, ,',yN) Mil. 2. n~formerly, herttolort (opp. to (la now). _(/d-lo this year, in this year.

~:r:r dd-fa hOfle·shoe, ·dlll/-A'a 9ydb-l)(J·1- to shoe 1\ horse C.

::;'i5' dd·t"j ('td.NI) sickle hook, for cutting1 off hriers LJI.

~.~. dd-cu mercury Mtd.

~.~. do-trig a medicine Mf!(I.

:;:~'fJ' (la-drdg v. the letter d.

-';f:n' -':.pr _.~ d(l-prHg, dlCO.J'tritg,1~ -I' )~ I' "'\ da-tli, orphan.

)',q' dlcti-ba II. plll.llt l~/td., yielding An acriddrug; J4-(MJd ld.(?); da-rgotl, and

da-ry",i are two species of thi~ plant) th~

(ormer of which i, considered to be ofgreatcr "irlue min.~.~ dri-Wg v. t«-bog, (a,....lKiv.

.l).,q-=-.' tk-M- Y. (a...u,., wfda-blr.

-=-;§_. dll-byK/ liltnl, Mrd.; I..u. • .lyi,.-fJ'J<.

:::;:.::.- dd-,a col. and IOmetimes IJ. • db-I ba buttermilk.

~.~ (la -Ii .oCl·eral low·growlng kind. ofHhododendroo.

=;=If dug 1. sign of tbe 11101'11, eltg. fot"rnalft'; often addM to the prooou.Di

tk and ,pi, "nd IJOmetirnes to numerals;also in the combination l~ _~ Intr&llsl.tions of Sans-knt work it deaote.the dual number. - 2. ,;~, t,«J.Jug,~ms in Mil. often to be nsed for 1HI·lu.-.inI-do.g my equal, or eqlflb (another readingis ...Ii -Ita, Y. Ita 2). - 3. W: col _~.csp. in the compounds ·dd!f4a"', dJrt-·nO\ll'; also certainly, it is true (Y. do 2) .ViZ.- 4. v. da:rJHl.

-:m::r (llig - fa is SAid to be used in Ti.II . for Ji.fa.

~::rr3' dag - c; LA. mint, aromatte Illanl,Ycntb:a. Ro)'liana.

'\"Pf~.,."t d....j«.d.g.gILd. ,., dogdOg.

~=l'f:r dag.pa (limp. pf. of .doV-pa), tlean.purt; tleaMess. purity; as adj_ aI.:tO

(ldg-po, IV. ·dOg-mQ·; ddg-pa' .u9-r-IxJ tobecome clean, dag-pa" bJld-ptI ~ lD:\ke

dc"n, to del'ln~, to purif)', llOg-par .1,.{,_btl (n~ ·ddg-mo lil-a-) to w..,h dean:more frq. fig.: ·A'a ftl4 dAaV· C. impurt,incorrect, vul~r pronuncilltion, d. IfI"YIl;rigs 1IIa dog impure blood or kindred; com.pUN! with regard to religion and lIloralJ,(also - holy, sacred; relative t.n lifde..a objccls), lu, dill' ill~g (In .. yid_ky, UII yOH'_dug-po quite Ilure in \\'ord and action D:l.;Ita dllg aem. da] (l1HiH.jXJ ooY. aljQ INfrflltH etc. id.; ddg-ll(l, .(Id - btl to It-ad •pure, • virtuous life; ,_h,·ll"" d4g-pa ilSUIted to mean a sincet"t pra}'u Gir.; rMli ....~2 dng{-pa) quite purl', mOoit holy, frq.;

'C|* dag-pa

248

hence rnam-(par) dag (-par} rtsi-ba, or

mdzdd-pa is used for: to justify, in a

scriptural sense, by Chr. Prot.;mi or ma-

ddg-pa impure; impurity, bkrus-na mi-ddg-

pa med-do when they have bathed theyare quite clean Dzl. Adv. dag-par, e.g.

Jlru-ba v. above; ddg-tu assuredly, certainly

Lt.(f); ddg-gis purely=

quite, entirely

S.g.(?);*dag -mo" W. id.,

*dag-mo srdg-

ce* to burn completely,*dag-mo za-ce* to

eat all, to consume entirely.- -

ydh-dag-

pa Skr. ^refcR Trial.., actual, real, ydn-dag-

par cu yin in reality it is water Dzl.;more

frq. construed thus: de yin ydn-dag-na if

it is really that, btson ydn-dag-na if youare really willing to sell it, Odod ydh-dag-na if you really wish it, Kyod-la yod ydn-

dag-na if you really have Dzl. ; yan-dag-

pa dan bden-pai fsul bzin-du in truth and

in reality S. 0.; yan-dag-pa ni bden-pa-ste

since that which is real is true S.O.; yan-

dag-pa-nyld reality 8.0. ; dge-bai cos-rnams

ydn-dag-par bldn-ba to assume, to adopt,

virtuous habits earnestly Stg.; ydn-dag-par

rdzogs-pa really accomplished S.O.', yah-

dag-par ltd-ba to be orthodox, v. dge-babcu

; yan - dag lam the right way,= far-

lam Mil.; yan-dag-don seems to be = nes-

don Mil., but ydn-dag don-du ynyer-ba to

aim at, to aspire to, truth Mil. ; ydn-dag-

pai don-la Ojug-pa to be pious Thgy.-

Comp. dag-br)6d orthoepy Cs. - -dag-

fer-ba, dag-fer byed-pa Sch. to clean, to

cleanse; Tar. 189,22; dag-ster(-cer)mdzdd-

pa. dag-(pai) snan(-bd) Schr. 'good

opinion' (?), prob.: a pure, sound view or

knowledge Glr.; in Mil. it has a similar

meaning; *dhag-ndn )6n-wa* C. to lead a

holy life. dag-zin holy country Sch. -

dag-yig orthography; snon-gyi-dag-yig the

older orthography; brda-ddg=

dag-yig."

dag-pa, W. *dag-ce*, v. teg-pa.

z-r-' dan, postp. c. accus,with (Lat. cum),

na dan with me (often with the ad-

dition of beds-pa, lhan-ycig, mnydm, q. v.),

e.g. to go, speak, play, quarrel with;bud-

med dan nydl-ba to lie with a woman;in

^* dan

some cases it must be omitted in English,or rendered by other words, as: gron-kyerdan nye-ba, riii-ba near the town, far from

the town;de dan Odrd

- ba equal to that.

Some particular ways of using dan are

the following: 1. for and, yser dan dnul

da/I lcags-la-sogs-pa gold, and silver, and

iron, and the other (metals). The shad

is here always put after dan, which shows

that in the mind of the Tibetan dan never

ceases to be a postposition; it can there-

fore be used only for connecting nouns

and pronouns. In enumerations it is em-

ployed in different ways, and often quite

arbitrarily, e.g. after every single nounor pronoun except the last one, or also

after the last; it is used or omitted just

as the metre may require it; or when a

sum is mentioned, in the following manner:

byun-ba bzi ni: sa (dan) cu (dan) me (dan)rlun dan bzio the four elements: earth, and

water, and fire, and air, four they are;

or, esp. in col. language, thus: sa dan

ycig, cu dan ynyis etc. -- 2. distributively:

zag dan zag, lo dan lo, day by day, every

year; Kyim dan Kyim-na Tar. every one

in his house. 3. after a personal pronouncol. almost like a sign of the plural: na

dan ynyis-ka we two, both of us. na dan

fsdn-ma all of us. 4. after the inf., and

in W. after the gerund in gin, nyi-ma sdr-

ba dan at sun -rise, as soon as the sun

rises, when the sun rose; lo brgya Ion-padan when a hundred years had (or shall

have) passed away, after a hundred years;

smrds-pa dan Kyim-du son with saying so,

he went home, is gen. translated : he said

so and went home, and so frq. in narration;

W. : *sug- da ton dan* with a whistling,

*foh-gin zig dan* at beholding. 5. after

an imperative for and, sgo rduns sig dan

de-dag ^oii-no knock at the door, and theywill come Dzl.

; yid-la byos sig dan bsdd-

do give heed, and I will explain it to you

Stg.; or it is used in the following manner:

legs-par sems sig dan ma nor-ram consider

it well; have you not made a mistake there?

nyon cig dan snon - dus - na listen to me !

2'8

hence I'nam-(pal') dllg(-par) "t'l-ba, ormd::J.d-pa is used for: to justify, in uscriptuml sense, by C/lr. Prot.; flii or ma~dug-pa impure; impurity, bkl'l,,-na mi-dligpa mb.l-do when tlley have bathed theyare quite clean Dzl. - Adv. ddg-par, e.g.o~(I'U-ba v. abo\'c; Jag-11f assuredly, certainlyLtC'!); dug-flu purely -- quite, entirelyE.g.(?); "'d<ig_m(/' Iv. id" "(!fly- 7/10 sru!r~~ to uurn completely, ·dug-mo za-te· toeat all, to consume entirely. - ydli-dagpa SkI'.~ Trigl., actual,- reat. !Jllti-dagpur CIt !lin in reality it is wuter D=l.; morefrq. conslrued thus: lil! yin !lail-dag-na ifit is really thnt, bf8Qit yd,i-Jug-1IQ if yOll

ure really willing to sell it, cdod yJli-dug11(1 if you renlly wish it, fy&l·la yod YUiidag4lfl if you really hllxC fri.; !Jrlli-dagpa Jali bden.pai (slIl b::hi-{fu in truth llndin reality S.O.; YUli-dafJ·pa ni bden.pa-stesince that which is real is true S. 0.; !/wi.dag.pa.nyill renlity S.O.; dgt-uai &i3-rnanUJ!Idli-dug-pm' blull..Qa to lIssume, to adopt,\'irtuous habits earnestly Stg.; ydli-dug"pur,u::6g!-pa really accoml,lished S.O.; !Jaildag-JKlJ' ltu-ba to be orthodox, \'. dge-uaubI; yUli _ dag lam the rig!)t way, _ fdrlam Mil.; yWi.dag-don seems to be -nell·dM Nil., but !Jdit-dllg don-du r"!!b'-b« toaim at, to aspire to, truth Mil.; yUJi-dag.pai don·la o1U!!fJa to be pious Tllg!J. -

Compo dug..Qr)o..l ol"lhoepy Ul. - dag.("·..Qa, dug.(h' uyed-pu Selt. t.:l clean, to

cleanse; Tar. 189,22; dug-sfn'(-eer)md::dd.pu. - dUg-(pUl) !I/ali(-OO) Selw. 'goodopinioo'(?), pl"ob.: a pure, sound view orknowledge Glr.; in Mil. it has a similarmeaning; -d/lag-nun )oll-1Ca· G: to lead a.holy life. - dag-ziJi holy country &11. (lafJ""!JifJ orthography; !/(oll-f1yi-d<lfj-1'pg theoldf:I' ol"lhography; brda-d/ig - (Iag_yig.

~l:l']..q' ddg-pa, lV. -dag-t:e" v. feg-pa.

_,... dll/i, postp. C. nccus, with (Lnt. cum),,.... .ia dali with me (often wilh the addition of bC6!-pa, than-rNg, 'IIII/ydm, q. v.),e.g. 00 go, speak, play, quarrel with; /nul'Illed dan l1yl11.OO to lie with l\)/Gomnn; ill

some cases it must be omitted in English,or lendered by other words, as: gron-lcyh'dUli nyi-ba, d,;..Q« near the town, far fromthe town; (Ie dalt cdrd- 00 equal to thllLSome particular ways of using dan arethe followiag: 1. for and, )"1!e1" ,hl/; (1/(111d(ui lro[ls..fu-Mfp.pu gold, and silver, lindiron, and tbe other (metals). The shadis here always put after dali, which showsthat io tue mind of the Tibetan du,; nel'erceuscs to be a postposition; it can therefore be used only for connecting nounsnml pronouns. In enumerations it is employed in different ways, and often quitearbitrarily, e. g. after every single nounor pronoun excl.'pt the last one, or alsollftel' the last; it is used 01" omitted justas the metre may require it; or when aSUIlI is mentioned, in the following mnnner:byiui-OObzil1i: w(tlali) cu(dati)me(dwi)"lwi da,i UZIO the four elements: earth, nndwatel", and fire, and air, (our they are;or, esp. in col. language, thus: sa dmiri:!y, cu dUll rnyis etc. - 2. distributively:1:a[l (Ian zag, to dati to, day by dny, everyyenr; Ryim dwl R!lim_lICt '1'ar. every onein his house. - 3. after a personal pronouDcol. almost like a sign of the plural: nadan m!Ji!-1-a we two, both of us. n« datif!an-ma all of us. - 4. after the inf., andin IV. nfter the gerund in gin, l1!}i-ma sw'"ba d<lIj lit SUD - rise, as soon as the suarises, when the slln rose; lo bryyu IOn-padun wben a hundred rcars had (or shallhu\'e) l'llssed away, after a hundred years;811l1·tis-pa dan ~yim.Ju 80n with saying so,he went home, is gen. translated; he saidso aud went home, aud so frq. in nlllTntion;W: ·sug-I,!a (OIl dUl'- with a whistling,

-frJ,j-gin l:ig dan- at beholding. - 5. afteran imperative for and, 8fJO rduil! SlY datide-,lag .,on-,io knock at tbe door, and therwill come Dd.; yid-ta u!JO$ Ug dan lMddtW gi\'e heed, lind I will explain it to youSfp.; 01' it is used in tbe follo\\ing manner:Mg!-pal' sem3 Mg dw; m« lIQr.ram considerit well; have yOIl not made a mistake there?11!JO,1 CiY_daiJ MOn-dUl·l1« listen to IDe!

249

df'ul-pa

Now, there was in olden times etc. Dzl.

and elsewh., frq.; Ion :i</ <la/'/ iii'i-lu dlx'iii

i/<l do take it! I have the power, youknow , i.e. I shall answer for it Dzl. ; in

more recent times it is used (also whennot followed by any other words) as an

imperative particle=

big:lda zo dan' bi/as-

pas saying 'eat!' Glr.; 'da Itos dan ysuns'now just see', he said MY.; even after Zu,

which in its application is like a verb in

the imperative: 'ysuii-ba zu dan zes zer-

bas saying 'pray, teach (us)!' Mil. 6. In

W. dan is used improperly for the instrum. :

*ln>r-ka dan dun* strike with the stick!

and for by or through with respect to

persons : *yog-po dan sab-sob zer* he cheats

me, tells me a lie, through his servant.

r^- dan 1. meadow Lh. 2. dan, or perh.better tan, (cf. tin), *tan tan -

ce, or

tun co -ce, tan san co -

ce*, to read in a

singing or drawling manner LA. --3. ddn-

du len-pa, c. la, to submit, yield to, comply

with, Glr, Tar.-, c. accus. submissively to

put up with (Sch. and Wts. are hardly right).

ddit-(/a, ddn-Ka, 1. appetite,

dan-ga Ogay my appetite is

gone, mi bdc is bad, Med. and Mil. (Sch.'the will'?).

-- 2. C. for dum-Ka.

dd/i-po 1. the first, with respect to

number, time, rank, dan -pot ftamde sus zer Pth. who spoke (raised) the first

rumour? who was it that first got up the

rumour? ddn-poi nyin-par on the very first

day; na-fsod ddn-po-la ynds-pa being still

in the prime of life Wdn.; the former, he

that is mentioned before another, ddn-po

ynt/ix the two first named Thgy. ;the former,

the earlier, he that precedes another in pointof time, = stid-ma, opp. to pyi-ina, ^og-ma,the latter. 2. the first thing, part etc., ////<-

nin'idi'in-po-la at the beginning of day, at

day-break Tar.; dan-po-nyid-du in the first

place, before the rest, above all, before every

other thing Tlujy.\ t./d/'i-po-nas from the very

beginning That/., Tar.', ddn-por, and very

frq. d<in-]n> adv., firstly, in the first place;

at first, in the beginning.- -

las-ddn-po-paa beginner, las-ddn-po-pai di'ts-su as long

as he is only a beginner 7V/////.; lax-ddn-

po-j><ti lii/ix-ix, like vrtniog (child) in th.-

N.T., Mil.

-- d<ii,-lm 1. to be pure. num-ml!a <l,-

nas Mil.; gen. adj. pure, clear, Jbra*ddit-ba picked rice Lt.; of inclinations,

dispositions, feeling:-: >-.'///.s-/'v/ ////>//-/// /-//A

ilaii-ba full of love towards all creatures;

dge-sems dan-ba a pure, sincere dispositionto virtue S.O.; most frq. devout, pious: de-

votion. faith; dnit-lmi N////.S id. (in W. often

confounded with ydeii-ba}. --2. lay dni>-

ba = ddr-ba, v. darba II. 2.

"? ddn-tsc W. a field-terrace.

r^'^'ddn-ra (spelling dubious) stable, for

cattle, C., W.

rr-q-ddn-la 1. ,SV7/. 'a tract of land abound-

ing in springs'. 2.n. of a high moun-tain pass, north of Lhasa, called Tantla byHue II., 231.

dwdns-pa, C. also *dhdn-po*. pure.

clean, clear,= dan - ba I., of air,

Wfttor;)*UMH&0diii a clear sky, fine weather

(W. *fan*y, </<ii'is-xntug reddish gray S7/.

- dwans-ma 1. the chyle, S.s/-

. ^f, con-

cerning which Brahmanical and Buddhi-t

physiology has led to a great many phan-ta-tical ideas, Med. frq.; also fig., mo>tlyin an obscure and unintelligible manner.

- 2. Sch.: Ihe spirit, the soul', a signifi-

cation not found hitherto in any book, but

ace. to a Lama's statement the word de-

notes the soul, when purified from every

sin, and to be compared to a clear and

limpid fluid, in which every heterogeneousmatter has been precipitated.

-- </<//

also not seldom met with erron. used for

and mdaits.

dad-pa 1. secondary form of <AM-

pa to wish Ihl. and elsewh : heuce

in compounds: skom-ddd thirst. *tdgs-dad-

cun* fond of dress or finery (cf. Odog-jm)

W., and in similar expressions.-

_'. to

believe (of. ?nr) m a religious sense, more

significant than yid-ces-pas and including a

devotedness full of confidence, like/rirtrei </>

in the N.T.; also sbst. faith, more fully dad-

""e:: dm;

Now, there was ill olden times etc. Dzi.:\nd elsewlJ., frq.; 10" tig (1m, ,;(1·1a dbd,jyrxl do take it! I lllwe the pu.....er, }'OU

know, i.e. I slll\lI answer for it D::I.; inmore roeent times it is used (Illso .....!Jennot followed by nny other words) as nnimperative JllU"ticle _ l:ig: 'da zo da;,' b,lj(11]XU saying 'ent!' GlI'.; 'da ltOfl da,i' lsw,s'now just see', he s:\id Mil.; even Afti'll' ZII,wiJieu in its applicntion is like 1\ l'erL inthe imperalh'c: '1",ui ·ha bt dUt;' ttl! zit··b(ls lmying 'pl'lly, teAcll (us)!' MiL - G. InIV. dw, is used improperly for the instrum.:-btr. ka da,i dwj- strike with the stick!lind for by or through wilh l'e~pcct topersons: -!lOfrpo (la" Nab.Adh zer- he cheatsme, tells me a lie, through his servant.~C: dUl' l. meadow LI,. - 2. dali, Or perl..

better tmi, (cf. tin), -tm' tdil. u, ortm; M - re, tali Jail M - cc·, to read in asinging or draWling manner lAo - 3. dwidll M,l-pa, e. la, to submi~ yield to, complyWith, Glr, Tar.; c. neeus. submissively toput up with (&11. and Irk nrc hardly right).

~I:.'~', ~I:.·fl· dJ,~•.'Iu, du;,_~f(l, l. app.etit~.dafl.ya o9a.Q my uppelltc IS

gone, m; bde is bad. Med. nnd Mil. (&11.'the will'?). - 2. G: for ddm-~(I..

~I:.·tf ddil-po 1.. the first with respect tonumber, tune, rank, I/J,j.poi rtam

<Ie SIIS Zf!r 1'tI,. who spoke (rnised) the firstl'umOUI'? who wa.s it that first got up therumour? du,i-poi 71!Jin.l'ar on the '"Cry firstdny; na-($(J(/ (/J,i·po-Ia. 1I1/i~.pa being stillin the prime of life IVd,l.; the former, hethat is menrioned before another, d/i/i-poYIl!lM the two first Darned Thy!!.; the former,the earlil!r, he that precedes aDother in pointof time, - Slid-ma, opp. to f#.Ji.mfl, ~dfJ·lIIU,

tt1e latter. - 2. the first thing. part etc., 1lyinmoi ddti.~la at the beginning of dRy, ntday·brcRk Tar.; ([mi.po-"yM·dlt In the firstplace, before the rest, above all, before everyother thing Thgg.; dJ,j·prMW3 from thc "crybeginning Tllyy., Tar.; dan-pot', nnd veryfrq. dUli.po ndv., firstly, In the first place;at first, in the beginning. - l~.du,j.po-pa

a beginner, laHlu,i-pO-llai 11~;s·1FI :IS 19n

2049

as he is only a ~inner 'J'~9"; lIlNlti,;.lX>f<Jj byi$_plt like ";,,tW, (child) in theNoT., Mil.

~I:.'.q' (Idri·'m I. to bt pure, nJm..wlfa 11(1';-1U/5 Mil.; gen. adj. pure, clear, /--"1'"

driil - ba picked rice U.; of inciinationJ,dispositions, feelings: IIInu·t,m A'MIl_lo rllbddJiob/t full of lo\'e townrd" all ereaturu;d9f.lJ!m~ du,j·ba n pure, sincere di.po..ilionto virtlle S.O.; moet frq. devout, pious; devotion, faith; ddri-bai ~ms id. (in n~ o(lI~n

confounded with yd~,i.1Hj). - 2. lag II,Mba _ I1J,··OO, v. darba n.2.

~I:.'~ dUli-t3e W. a field·terrace.

~I:.'=;: dJ;'·r(l (spelling dubious) stable, forcl\Ule, c., iY.

~C:~· ddli·la 1. Sell. 'a tract of land abound·ing in springs'.- 2. n. of l\ higll moun

tain pass, north of LhASa, c:\IIOO Tfllltill byHue 11.,231.~I:.~'=.r dwa,is.pa, C. also ·dlw.,j.po·, pure,

clean, clear, _ tim, • ba I., of nir,water;Yliul/I-illl'dfb lL clcnr sk}', fine ""Mtlaer(W: -(an'"); dmis·snUl!l reddish gMl}' &11.- du:ati,-ma 1. the chyle, &k. 'tlf, oon·cerning which Blllhmllnicnl lind Buddhistphysiology hDs led to l\ grotlt maDy phan.tastienl ideas, .lied. feq.; also fig., mosll}'in all obscure And unintelligible manner.- 2. &h.~ 'the spirit, the soul', a signifi.cation not found lLitherto in AUy book, butAce. to n Lamn's stl\tcluent the word denotes the soul, when purified from e\'erysin, and to be compared to A c1cAr IUIdlimpid fluid, ill which e"ery heterogeneousml\tter has been precipitated. - da,;s i_nlso not seldom met ......ith erron. use,1 fordtiatis and ,Iidati,.~-':r ddd-pa I. secondary form ofolldd..

po. to wish D:l.. and elsewh : hE-ncein compounds: akoHl..Jdd thirst, ·t(;tr..d(l(l~Cat'· fond of dre~! or finery (ef. •I/Otfl-pll)1I~, and in similar expression!. - t. tobelieve (d. q) in II religiou! sense, moresignificant tla,m !li(l-lt&-IK/.' lIud including II

devotedness full of confidence, likelTJoru'lll'in the N.T~ also sOst. faith. more fully ddd·,

250

dan-da*

dar

pai sems, and adj. faithful, believing, yon-

bdag dad-pa the i'aithful giver of alms Mil. ;

more fully ddd(-pa)-can, dad-lddn; ma-

ddd-pa, and dad-med unbelieving; often with

mos or gus : kun dad-dad-mos-mos-su Odug-

pa-la Mil. ; dad-ciii-yus-par Ogyur-ba Gli:;

dad-par Ogyur-ba, dad-pa byed-pa to become

faithful or believing, to believe, frq.; ddd-bzin-

du full of faith;dad-brtson for dad-pa dan

brtson- grus Tar. Note. *mi zig-la dad-

pa fob" W. col. a man becomes a believer,

v. fob-pa; but Tar. 35, 1 pdgs-pa Dlil-ti-ka-

la dad-pa fob means: he was brought to

believe by hearing the Reverend Dhitika.

-_.-. dan -da, and dan-rog, medicinal1 herbs Med.

_ _..gi. ddn-da-li, or dan-ddl, Ld. a sieve,

gen. consisting of perforated leather

and a wooden frame; rds-dan-dal a sieve

made of cloth (inst. of leather).

ddn-mo (spelling?) the female of the

ibex, and of the musk-deer.

j-rr dam (a root signifying bound, fast,

'

fixed, from which the following com-

pounds, as well as sdom-pa, are to be de-

rived), sbst., also dam-fsig and yi(d}-dam,

resp. fugs-dam, a solemn promise; vow, oath,

confirmation by oath, like bdcn-fsi</\ dambcd-ba 1. to promise, 2. the act of promising,

the promise; also ddm-bca Mil. and col.;

ddm-bca Jbiil-ba resp. to make a promise,

e. g. mi Obdb-pai not to descend Mil.

;to

promise solemnly Mil.', hence yi-dam, and

(more popularly) dam - bca the sacrament

Chr. Prot.; dam beds -pa a promise made;dam sruii-ba, dam-la ynds-pa, or nye-bar

byed-pa, ddm-bcas-pa spyod-pa, ddm-bcas-

pa bzin-du byed-pa, ddm-bcas-pa dan mi

Ogdl-ba, to keep one's promise; nydms-pato break (a promise, a vow) ; dam-nydms-

kyi las-rnams violations of duty; dam -la

Odogs-pa to exorcise demons etc. Glr.} Pth.,

but only by gentle persuasion, which in-

duces them to promise to do no harm any-

more, not by magic power (so it was ex-

pressly stated by a Lama); dam -la Ojog-

pa Tar. 125 id. (ni f.); dam-can, dam-fsig-

can Mil. bound by an oath etc.; ddm-cu

prob. water which is drunk in taking an

oath Pth.

ddm-Ka Glr., ddm-ga Wts., fdm-gaCs., a seal, stamp, resp. pyag-ddm,

esp. for the seals of Lamas; ddm-Ka rgydb-

pa to seal, to stamp; Kyi-dam v. %?'; dam-

rgyd ddm-Ka Tar.; *dam-cug* W. seal

of a Lama, used as an amulet.

dam-pa, ace to the explanation of

a Lama: bound by an oath or vow,

consecrated; but Lexx. render it by TJTT,

^HI i e -=

mcog, thus Dzl. ^V4

', 4; %?, 9,

and Cs.: noble, brave, excellent, which is

prob. also the sense of the word when

compounded with cos, skyes-bu, aud other

words. Its usual rendering, however, is

2. holy, sacred, bid-ma ddm-pa, skyes-budam -pa, a holy Lama, a holy man, and

most frq. ddm-pai cos, dam-pa cos, dam-

cos, the holy doctrine, the holy religion of

Buddha. Yet, ia the interpretation of pas-

sages the original meaning (noble, excellent)

ought to be resorted to much oftener. So

also yyog-mo dam-pa cig Glr. signifies an

excellent, a favourite female slave, but not

exactly a holy or a faithful one.

ddm-po 1. strong, firm; tight, narrow,

of fetters etc.; gen. adverbially dam-

du, e.g. to bind, to lock up, to seize firmly,

securely.- - 2. of laws, commandments,

severe, strict, exact.

^&T^5J' dam-dum various Sc/i.; yet cf. dum.

rx- dar 1. 1. silk, dar -gyi of silk, silken;

mjal-ddr resp. for Ka-btdgs C.; rgya'i

nan dar fine Chinese silks Thgy. dar-

dkdr white silk Glr. dar-skud silk-thread;

gos-med dar-skud Odra stark naked Ma.dar -

go's silk dress, Cs. also silk-stuff.

dar-cun a bunch or fringe of silk 6kdar-cen Ld-Gb\, ace. to Schl. = Ka-btdgs,

yet cf. the significations given sub I. 2. -

dar- fdg-m/i:an a silk-weaver; dar- fag-bu-

mo Glr. the daughter of a silk-weaver.

dar-pdn dar-cun. ddr-bu a coarse kind

of silk 6s. dar -bubs a whole piece of

silk-stuff rolled together. *dhar-ma-re*

C. 'neither silk nor cotton', half silk half

250'\~"'\" ddn-da

pai srtll3, und adj. faithful, believing, yOn.bdag dad-]!(/, tbe fttillJful giver of nlms Mil.;morl! fully <llid(-pa)-culI, dad-ld/ill; moJat/.pa. and dwl.mh/unbelieving; often with1110$ or 9U$: 1.1111 dad-dad-1I1Q1j.mlis-su"drigpa-la Mil.; dad-i:iti'[lIM-pur "U!lur.ba Gir.;dad-par ofl.lfur-ba, ddd-pa Dyed-pa to becomefaithful or believing, 10 believe. fnl_; dtid-Ir.:illdlt full of faith; dad-hrMII (01' dUd.pa dwibrtsoll"o[P',is '1'ar. - Note. ·mi Hg.la dd/lIla fof,- n', coL a man becomeS:l believCl",v. 'Obi/a; but Tar. 35. l}'!ifI/JfJa Did-ii-kula drid-pa (00 menns: he was brought tobelieve by hearing the UC\'cN!nd Dhitika.~~..... dan - au, and dan • .r0g. medicinal

1 herbs Nt'll.:;:,;;.....c:J. dan-Ja-li, or dan-dJl, Ld. a sieve.rt 1 gen. consisting of perforated leuther

and n woodell frame; rligwdan..(/al a sievemade of clotll (inst. of leather)."l~ dallw 7ll0 (speJ1ing?) the female of tbe"'\ ibn, and of tbe mU:Jk-tleer.:::::;1' Jam (n root signifying bound, fast,r fixed, from which the following comw

pounds, as w('11 l1S ild6m-pa, nrc to be del'ived), sbst., also lll.llll-(gfg nnd yi(J)-dam,resp. fugs..Jam., a solemn promise; vow, oath,confirmation by oath, like Wrn - (8;Y: dambi:ti-ba 1. to promise, 2. the act of prllmising,the promise; lll~o ddm-bi:a Mil. and eol.;damw&.'-a obUl-ba l'esp. to make a promise.e.g. lIIi obdb wl)(1,i not to de~cenrl Mil.; topromise solemnly Mil.; hence yi-dam, lIllt!

(more popularl)·) ddlll- bi:« the sacrament(.'IIl'. 1'1'01.; dum bMs·pll a promise made;dam sri"iwba-, dam-lu rll/is-}'u. or tlye-bal'b!f.Vwl'a, dtim-b1:as-pll ill'!JlXl-}I(.l, llUm..!JCaspa bZiIl·du b!JM-pa, dum..!JCuil'p« rltui TIl;09dl-ba-, to keep one's promise; n.ydm&wpato ureak (li promise, a \'ow); dam-tlYIJmskyi ldilwl'1/QlJ18 villlations 01 duty; d,rm wl«odofJs-pa to exorcise demons etc. Gir., I'll,.,uut only by gentle persllllSion, which inw

duces them 10 promise to do no harm an)'Illore. not by magic power (so it was expressly state.l by II. Lamn.)j Jrllll-la.Jou1'« Tal'. 125 id. (IIi f.); ddrnwcun, dumw(iligwc«n Mil. bound U)' an oath etc.; d,J11I- i:u

r 9 t

:::.,,::.:. dar

prob. water which i~ drunk ID taking anoath ].,J.."~'F' Jdm-!:a Gif'., (idm-[la W18., fdm"f./«1 01., a seal, stamp, resp. P!lUf}-ddlll,esp. for the seals of I,amlls; Jam-/(a f'9!Jabpa to seal, to stamp; fyi-dam \". ~!li; damwr[lYu - Jdm-!'a '1'1'1'.: -damwi:Uf! W sealof 1\ Lama, u~ed fiS an amulet.

~~·tr dam-pa, noc to the explanation ofa Lama: bound by an oath or vow,

consecrated; uu!. Leu. render it by 'lRJI,'Gll" i e. - lIICog, thus D-=!. {~'~. 4; ~J, n,und (~: noble, brave, excellent, which isprob. also the sense of the word whenCOlDpounded with CQIl, ilk.lJiilwbu, alld otherwords. lt~ usual rendering, howe\'er, is2. holy, sacred, Ud·1Ila ddm-pa, skylswllllddm _pa, n holy Lama, a holy maD, andmosl fry. ddm-pai C().'I, dam.pa Coil, damwcos, the holy doctrine, tho holy religion ofBud,lhn. Yet, in tho interpretation of passages the ol"iginalllleaning(noble,excellent)ought to ue resorted to much oftener. So111~0 nA/w"fllQ ddm-pa 1:1'[1 Glr. signifies nnexcellent, l\ favourile female ~Ia\"e, but notexactly a holy or n fRithful one.

:::"'~'q:' ddm-po 1. strong, firm; tight, narrow,of fetters etc.; ~en.M\"crbially dam

dll, e.g. to bind, to lock up, to seize firmly,securely. - i. of 11\'o\"s, commandments,severe, strict, exact

:::"'~'=:';j" dalll-fhim various &11.; yet cf. dum.~

.. _. dill' 1. 1. silk, r!lh'wfllP of silk, silken;I'" lII)al-fldl' I'esp. for fa -!>tags C.; rgfJa'i>lUI; 11((>' fine Ohinese silk!! 1'1'[lY. - dardhjl' white silk Glr.-dar-ilkUd siLkwthread;fjos-IIIM Jar-ilkud o/{,'a stark naked Mil. dar. g6il silk dress, (.s. also silkwSluff. dU/'-c,in a bunch or fringe of silk Cil. dU/'-cr!l, JA wGlI'., ace. to &Id. = lfa·blUgg,)'et cf. the significations ~ivcn sub I. 2. dal'-ofU9-mfan a silkwweaver; dar-ofag-!tulIIQ Glr. the daughter of a silk-wea\·er.dur-poll _ Jal'-bin. - iMr-bu a coam kindof silk Cs. - Jw'wbUbs a whole piece ofsilk-stuff rolled together. - "dlwr.ma·l'iC. 'neither silk nor cotton', half silk half

,/,;/-/,

cotton; ace. to others velvet. tla

pa raw silk Nr///-.l--f*<'>ii-pa a dealer

in -ilks. a -ilk-nie.rcer. d<ir-:<il> the finest

>ilk, frq.; a piece of such silk. --d(ir-ijt'il>

a silk fan. dar-yug a narrow ribbon-

like piece of silk-stuff (Hi-, Mil. <lar-

IIit *<l/t<(r-n/(i-rt*. -- dor-xdin the lower

border of a silk dress Glr. -<t''-(w/i)

.s/-///(-/y//) silk-worm. 2. a cloth, made of

whatever material: flag HV.s., sail (v. yifor-

mo); Qjn/tir-tldr a hoisted Hag; mdu/t-i/m-

a little flag fixed to a lunce; *ru-dhdr* ('.

military banner. dar-lcoy little flags fixed

on houses, piles of stones, and the like (v.

Schl. tttultlh. 198).-

tl(ir-i>o-c<- i. a large

flag fastened to a flag-staff; 2. flag-staff, mast.

tlar - fso a military division, squadrons''7/. <liir-xiii, tliir-ln'r, prob. flag-staff.

II. ice, icy plain; dar cdgs ice is form-

ing; also substantively= </r, mfs6-la </</>-

cdgs btab Mil. - dar-zd-tn ice-bridge.

*dar-)dr* ('clinging to the ice' ?) W. a dark-

gray aquatic bird.

III. v. dar-yag, ddr-ba, ddr-ma.

dar-rgyas-yliit v. rdo-rje-yliii.

*

ddr-sga walnut.

dar-ycig (col. also dal-ycig}, a

little while, a moment; dar-yag

lon-pa-na after a little while Glr.; adver-

bially: for a little while, for a moment Mil.:

directly, instantly, in a moment Mil.-, ddr-

tsam Sch. id.

dar-dir humming, buzzing MIL: wail-

ing, lamenting /V//

dar-rdo grinding-stone for Indian ink

Sch.;bddr -i-do would perhaps be

more correct.

ddr-fHi, d<h--io, col. for tltd-

po, ddl-mo, v. ddl-lni.

ddr - ba I. sbst., also dd - ra, c/or,

buttermilk, </<//-/*"/ fresh buttermilk.

II. vb. 1. to be diffused, to spread, of

influence, power, opinions, diseases, ces ddr-

ba to gain much ground, to increase ex-

ceedingly Lt.; ddr - du )ug - pa (act.) to

extend, enlarge, e.g. academies Glr. ; dar-

'/>/</ spreading and decaying, increase and

decrease; *<//,///-/,* c. grand, magnificentof a feast, drinkiag-bovt

- 2. with A///.

to take in hand, to put hand to a work. ..

In />;/.: aUo iliiii-lm.

j-<l'ii'-i'i 1 the age of manhood, manly

age. prime of life. gen. reckoned from

30 to 50, but ace. to N.//.t'rora 1670; ,/,;,-.

l,i ln'ili -jxi. or d<ir-l>dli, a person in tin-

prime of life, frq.; </ > rol. id.; </<//-

//"'/a person beyond that age. 2. a man.

and ddr-ino a woman in the prime of life.

W ddr-inn \. <l<ir-n>. di'ir-iiin.

n \. <l<ir-fsr.

ddr-tsuin \.

r-ftfl -So//, 'groin' O-

dar-(nt)fsur

alum &//.

a medicinal herb

did-i/t'inix: Mil-, ritnx-tlt'd Mil..

epidemic disease, plague, or perh.n. of a particular disease.

ddl-cig, col. for dar-yi-ig.

" to attack

and disperse an enemy >'<//.

d<H-bn, ddl-hu. slowness, ease, quiet-

ness. leisure (opp. to haste, hurry,

vehemence), *dhd1-im (or dhdl - bu} //'-

Hi tun*(.'., have you time? ildl-lm ;itate of being ti'.-

from the eight mi-knm-pa ;to these belong

the Obyor-j>ti l>i-n. i.e. ten goods or Blessings

which, in part, are but more particular de-

finitions of the eight iv-i-. \ t include also

other blessings; hence both together are

called dal -Obi/<r bto -

brgydd (another in-

stance of this peculiar way of reckoning v.

sub ni/in-nifsdn) As these various con-

ditions are partly characteristics of 'hu-

manity', and attainable only by human

cotton; acc. to othcrs \'"eh'ct. - Jar-J...;,.·1M raw ~ilk &hr. - Jar-fIO.i·lkl a dcalerin ;.ilks, aj,ilk.mereer. - d~ tile lin l~ilk., frq.; a !"~ of luch lilk. _. Jar.ytiba "ilk fan. - Jur.~g a narro... ribbolllib pi«e of silli:.!'tl,lfi" Glr, .i/il. - dar,.,; _ ·JJllzr-_-rf·, - dUN"'" tbe IOll"erborder of a \;ilk dress Glr. - Jar'(911')R"i1t(~) silk-wonD. - 2. a cloth, mllde of"'hlltenr material; nag Jrtl., sail (". yp._): .')yol'-dGr :l boi~ted nag; mJlI,;·dtll·a little nng fixed to ... lance; ·nl-4l}I(J'" (',

military blloner, - dar-lroy liltle Rags fixedon llolues, Viles of stones, and the liko (",ScM lJ",'JJ., 198). - dar.~'O 1. a largeflag flll"lcned t.o l\ ntlg·stJIfi"; 2, f1ag·staff, mast- {luI'· (40 l\ military Ili\'jllion, squlldron&11. - {/al'~(li, Ilar-bir, lIrob. nng-StAIT,

] I. iee, icy plain; dar cliga ice il< forming; RIsto sub~t:lnti\'dy _ dll', m(~6·la ,luI''i!d!f8 btf,b Nil. - Jar·:filll ice-bridge, ·.far-jdr· ('clinging to the icc'?) W: a dllrkgray aquatic bird.

III. ". Ilor-ynu, ddr·ba. d,;""uHI

~, ~~. dor-rgyo~j,; ,', rJo-rfl-4Jli",

-'Sf~a walnut.

~~ Jar-rN." (col. also Jol· rHy), alime while, a moment; dar·rH9

MIl-po-"" after. little while Glr.: .d,·erbi.lly; for a little while, for a moment Mil,;lflttCtty, instanUy, in a momenl Mil.; (}Mrtram &4, id,

~-=;:~.::; frUl"-tfir humming. bUZling Mil.; wail-ing, lamenting l'th

_~~ dtu'-rJ6 grinding·slone fur ludinn ink1 "'\ &/,.; Wur _ rdo would perha!"" 1JemOre COtitet.

-~:r -.::.'af dlil'-po, tlu,'.mQ, col. for ,1.iI~

1 '1 lJO, (Iul./IIQ, v, ddl-bt,.

~.::;:r II,;,' - 60 L shsl., also cid - ''a, dill',buttermilk, tlll,...fSti'· frO!Sh butternlilk.

11 vb. 1. to be diffused, to spread, ofinOueoce, power, ollinions, diseases, c. ,M,...bll to gain milch ground. to il.lcte1llH u·ceedingly U,; lltir.dM.,JNfj-pa (act.) toutend, enlarge, e,g. academil!$ GIr.; dar-

2"

gWlllpre.diog IIl1d d~a)inlt, iBCtCalC! .ndd«r~'1le:; ·.lJwir-po· C grand,~of • fe~t. driukiog-boul ~ ilh ftJ9.to take ill 1Iand, 10 Ful ItanlII wtrk. c.III J):f,; a!!iO ,Iti~.

:::;'::".q' dd,....1fl I lhe '51e ., ..,... Manlyage. prime of Itft. /(en. recl.OIW"'d fro.

:K) to flO, 1'1,1110(', to S.y.fro. 16-in; ,1M-..I" w'b-p", or ,1«r·iJdb. a peNln ill tbeIlriUlC of life, f..q.; ""f'-9d. 001 id,; ,iG,...ytJl • 1~l'$<Jn beyoud !Jlllt a,;e, - 2. a man,aDd t/dr-IIN) a wtlman in the prime of tile.

~~~ tMr-mo v. 1I,;,...}>o, Jlir·PHf,

~"'m' Jar,~",dn ". ,/m"'(6i1,..

".::.,~. dar-tlum ,', dlll'-J't'ig,

~-~':;'·lF..f· dUl'-f~il &11. 'groill'(~),

:::;.::,.(;.J)~ dat,-(m)ftllr mi.;. - dllNnmn,.... alum &h,

~.::,~ liar - ya. kan A medicinal herbMtd.

-'=r~"'~ llal-ya"" "'iL, rilfU·tMI .tIil"'"'\ epidemic disease, plagut. or perh.n, of • particular disN,;,e.

~

~-:r~=lf r/al-iig. col. f~ Ja,..}"n!l.

-~.~~ 'f dal-fOy .ivY·fHl to attact"\ ~ and disptrse an tntMY &iI.'\'..f=:r dtil-bu, IM~, slowness. ease. quiel-

rteSS, leisure (opp to h&$t~. hotT)',vehem~nce), ·dM/·I('/, (or ,/lttil·~'· !1'j'.,Mam· f:, IUH"e )'011 Lime? ,MI·b<1 hy -!Iiahibl-.u wben he happened to hue nOOliog10 do D:/,; ,/,il·bar .d"g~P6 to be dii('llgaged. unclUllloyed: Jlil.lJl.!xr.I!I"d Ine eightconditions 01 rest, the ~t.'lle of being freefrom the eight ",i.!'tfttl.pa; to t!lese llelongtile .bYO"'l'a lX'v, i.e, leo J;OOd$. or Glessing!'which, in pArt, are but moro rarticulllr definitions of thc eighl 1'<'/;1", yel illdud~ .10,(1other bles..ings; hence both toget~r areclllled flal- .by6r fXo· ~'!Iydfl (allotl~r in·!flAllce of this peculiar .... a)· of reckouing v,$\lb u!lin - 1/t(4d,,) A<; Ibe.e uriOl.l$ conditions are V-rU) cb.racleri"t.ic. of 'bu·manit,." aDd auainable ouly by human

252

ddl-mo dugs

beings, they might be denominated 'the

(eighteen) specific blessings of humanity'.

Often they are also used directly for 'con-

dition of humanity, or of human nature',

this kind of existence being, from a reli-

gious point of view, the best and most de-

sirable, rnyed- dkdi dal - ba mi lus, and

similar expressions frq. occur (Cs. has calm-

ness, tranquillity of mind, evidently mistak-

ing it for rnal- byar). ddl-ba, ddl-bu, ddl-

po, ddl-mo, W. also *ddl-can*, quiet, calm,

of the mind, the water; gentle, of the wind;

slow, lazy; *se-gyii dhdl-wa, or se-pa dhdl-

wa* C. phlegmatic disposition.- Adv. ddl-

bar (v. above), ddl-gyis, ddl-bus, slowly,

softly, gradually, e.g. to draw, opp to dmy-

tu\ ddl- groi rgyun bzin like a stream flow-

ing gently and softly; mi-ddl-bar Dzl. in-

cessantly.

T^f ddl-mo chine, loin.

dal-btson (spelling dubious), *dal-

tsdn tdn-ce* W. to carry on com-

pulsory trade. This is frequently done byEastern rulers, who in time of personal

need make a sale of goods, compelling

people to buy at fixed prices.

^" di, num. fig.: 41.

di-gar-ci is said to be a provin-

cialism, and secondary form of

yzi-Ka-rtse, n. of a town near Tashilunpo.-' di - mar Sch. : 'a certain worm or

insect'.

di-ri-ri buzz, murmur, hum, low con-

fused noise, as of crowds, of a

number of praying people, of wailing pri-

soners, of birds on the wing Glr.^*- -

]* dig, the Persian y5oJ, a large kettle,

washing-copper, brewer's copper.

dig-pa 1. Cs. a stammerer, also Ka-

dig, cf. Odig -pa.- - 2. C. reeling,

staggering, intoxicated.

Sw.&. din-din, gad-mo din-din Tar. 158, 4

prob. an onomatopoetic word, Schf.

laughing aloud'.

"T din-sdn = den-san.

j-- du 1. num. fig.: 71. 2. for tu (q.v.)

>c after final n, d, n, m, r, 1.- - 3. how

many? bslebs-nas zld-ba du Ion how manymonths is it ago that he came? du-du

how much, how many each time? du-zighow much about? du-ma many, zag du-ma

many days; du-mar pye it is divided into

several (parts) Wdn.\ Ian du-mar many a

time, often Cs.;*du-ma rdksa* ('. col. a

great many, very much (perh. 'devilishly

much', from raksas).

_._. du-ba (cf. dud -pa) smoke, Oful, or

^ gyen- du Opyur smoke rises Zam.

;

du-ba-pa Sp. very poor people that paybut a trifling tax, proletarians (prop, 'smoke-

people' that have nothing but the smoke

of their fire).--

du-ba-mjug-rin, a comet.

du-zdg C. the smoke or vapour hanging

over towns and large villages in the morn-

ing.

rcn- dug poison, dug blud-pa to administer

NO' a poisoned potion to a person, to give

him poison to drink; dug- mi - ynod - par

Oc/yur he becomes proofagainst poison Dow.;

cu-la dug Odebs-pa to poison the water

Pth.\ dug ysum in a moral sense, Odod-

cdgs, yti-mug, ze-sddn; sometimes dug Ina,

five moral poisons, are mentioned.

Comp. dug-can poisonous. dug-ynyen

an antidote Cs. - -dug

- mdd a poisoned

arrow. dug-sbrul venomous serpent.-

dug-med not poisonous. dug-sog poisonous

paper Mil., Pth., Glr. dug-sel that which

neutralizes a poison Cs. dug-srun a pre-

servative against poison Cs.

-j-.^. dug-ti (or dug -ste?) Ts., SO, thus,

>J>

'

'

in this manner, also nug-ti.

dug-po, esp. U(=*cu-pa* Ts.,

*gon-ce* W. coat, garment, dress Mil.

___..dugs, esp. in medical writings; it

N!'

seems to denote 1. heat: Tar. 31, 21

fsdd-pai dugs-kyis by the glowing heat of

the day Schf.; S.a.: cui dri dugs rldns-pa

ce the water (i. e. urine) has a strong

smell and emits much heat(?) and vapour;

Lt.??, 4. 5; 73, 4; c^s, 5; sS^, 4; 9&V, 10.

cui rigs sin-tu dugs-pa Mng. adj.? 2.

revenge, grudge, rancour, *dug kdr-ce, dugs-

252

beings, they might be denominated 'the(eigbteen) specific blessings of humanity'.Often they are also used directly for 'con~

dition of humanity, or of human nnture',this kind of c1istence being, from n. reli.gious point of view, the best lind most desirable, rn!Jed - d~di d,il-bfJ 'Illi [us, nndsimilar expressions frq. occur «(''s. has calmness, tranquillity of mind, evidently mistakiog it for ,"tlol-¢byor). ddl-bu, ,ldl·&II, ddt[JQ, dui-mo, IV. also -ddt-can-, quiet, calm,of the mind, the water; genlle, of the wind;slow, lazy; ·M.gy(/ dJl/l1.,('o, or M-pa d}uil,eo- C. phlegmatic disposition. - Adv. ddl001" (v. above), tidl- !!!Jis, ddl- bus, slowly.softly, gradually, e.g. to draw, opp. to drug.lUj ddl·o9'-oi Tgyun b?:ill like 1\ stream flowing gentl}' llod softly; mi-dal·/J(.Ir D:l. in·cessantly.

~t:f~ dai·mo chine, loin.

::;:".f~i5C: dal-btsOJi(spelling dubious), 'dul1""; Iso,i tun-ct' IV. to carryon com·

pulsory trade. This is frequently done byEastern rulers, who in time of personalneed mnke a sale of goods, compellingpeople to buy aL fixed prices.

~. di, num. fig.: 41.

~1:l"I~~. di-gar-Ci is said to be II. proVill.11 cialism, and secondnry form ofi'Zi.1.!a-rtse, n. of l\ town ncnr TashihlllpO.~.e.l~ ?i-1Il?r &11.: 'a certain worm or1 JPsect.

~~.$:'. di-ri-ri buzz, murmur, hum, low con·1 -, fused noise, as of crowds, of a

number of rnlyinR people, of wailing prisoners, of birds on the wlog Gir.

~tfj. dig, the Persian~, a large kettle,washing.copper, brewer's copper.

i:'tfj·.:r dfg-pa 1. Cs. a stammerer, also A'a1 dig, cr. odig. pa. - 2. C. reeling,staggering, intoxicated.

~r:,:~I:: diJj-diN, gud-mo di,j-dfli Ta,.. 158, 41 prob. an onomatopoetic word, Sell!.

'laughing aloud'. .-~

~I:.'~l:.' di,j-sd,i == de>i-8aJ;.

",' du I. num. ~g.: 71. - 2. for tu (q.v.).... after final n, d, 11, 711, r, i. - 3. howmany? lJslelA-n(1$ zld-ba du Ion how manymonths is it ago tbat he came? - du-duhow much, how many each time? du - ziyhow much about? d,i·ma many, zag du·mamnny days; du-mar Jl!jt it is divided intoseveral (parts) lVd,i.; ian du-mar many alime, often Ca.; 'du - ma rdkila' C. col. agreat runny, very much (perh. 'devilishlymuch', from ra.uas).::;::=r dil·ba (cf. diuZ-pa) smoke, oful, or..J rJyffl- du oPyur smoke rises 741111.;

Ju.fm·l,a Sp. "ery poor people that paylIut 11 trifling tax, proletarians (prop. 'smoke·people' that have notbing but the sruokeof tlleir fire). - du-ha ..flI)ug-I'in a cornel- du-;dg C. the smoke or ,'upour Ilangingover towns and lllrge villages in the morning."'~ du." ~oison, dUf! biitd-pa to adminis~er.... a pOIsoned potIOn to a person, to g,vehim poison to drink; dug_mi_ymkl_paro.qyur he beC{lllieS proofagainstpoisonfull.;eu ·la dU{} odebt. pa to poison the waterPill.; dug r3um in a moral sense, 0,100.Mg&, rtt-mUfl, u.sddil; sometimes dug ilia,five moral poisons, are PlentioneJ.

Compo dug-can poisonous. - dug-ynyinan antidnte (.~. - dUrJ - mdd a poisonedarrow. -- dug.3britl venomous serpent. dug·mM not poisonous. - dug-JdfJ poisononspaper Mil., Pih., Glr. - dl/g--s& tbat whichneutralizes a poison Ca. - dug-sruli a preservativo against poison G~.

::;~~. dug-ti (or dug.stc'!) 1'8., so, thus,.J in this manner, also uilg-ti.::;:'~'::r dug - po, esp. 0 (- 'Cu - pa' Ts.,.J 'gon.Cg' lV. coat, garment, dress ,lfii...~~. dUrJs, esp. in medical writings; it::l seems to denote J. heal: Tar. 31, 21{sdd.pai dugw-yis by the glowing lle11t oftile day &hj.; 8.g.: Cui dn dUflSrldJi3.paCt tbe water (i. e. urine) has a...strongsmell lUld emits much heat(?) and "/lpour;Lt.??,4. 5;?~, 4;;:';-...s, 5;~,4; ?~, 10.iJui rif!8 Un-tu dilf/8.pa Mng. adj.? - i."'cenge, grudge, rancour, 'dugJd,,:...ce, d1U)1l-

.c

dur

Inn ldon-cc* to take vengeance, to revenge

one's s.'lt'.

,...duiju-pa W. 1. to make warm, to

warm, md-la at the fire, e.g.

one's hands, a plate. 2. to light, to kindle,

*mc duy-ce* to light a fire; *kdii-pa UH*

diiit .so/)* the house has begun to burn,

has caught fire; *zd-ce duy fsdr-kan* burnt

food, a burnt meal; *duy-di* a burnt smell.

j-r* dun 1 . a tortoise shell, dun-rdd a pe-

>i trifled tortoise shell Cs. 2. a shell,

both small shells, worn as an ornament

(xkyc-dun-pren necklace of shells), and

more particularly the great trumpet-shell,

which is sounded on certain occasions; it

is usually of a pure white, hence dun-

dkdr l. trumpet-shell, 2. white rose C., dun-

so snow-white teeth Pth,dun - ru snow-

white horns Mil.; a trumpet-shell wound

to the right (fyds-su Jtyil-ba) is regarded

as valuable as it is rare Glr. 3. trum-

pet, tuba, dun Obud-pa to sound, to blow

a trumpet; k'rims-dun judgment- trumpet,

trumpet used in courts of justice, ^os-dun

church-trumpet, trumpet used in religious

ceremonies, dmay-duh war-trumpet, lins-

dnii hunting-bugle; rkan-dun a trumpet or

cornet made of a hollow thigh-bone; zans-

dun a copper trumpet, a bass tuba eight

feet long; dban-dun a similar instrument,

but of less dimensions; nca - dun a trum-

pet of horn, rag-dun a brass trumpet.

4. skull (?) Sch. has: dun-cen 1. skull, 2.

= rkan-dun; in Glr. Brahma is called

du/'i-(ji for-fsoys-can.

dun-ne constant, continual Dmn.; duh-

rte-ba Thyr. id.

dun-dun staggering, reeling, tottering,

NS wavering Sch.

dun-pan, C. *dhun-pen*, basin.

cc'Zy dud-pa I. sbst. (cf. dii-ba, and the

NO Pere. oy) smoke, \V. : *A-/,-////// dii

*

dun- pyd^ Pth., 100 million Mi.

duns-pa, secondary form of /</////*-

pa, lOVC, ddd-pa d<u'i din'ix-pn :/;/

skt/i's-te Mil., frq.; yid-dui>s= .s ////) -A/'As/--

ba, frq.; *dhun-bhu* C. love, *fit-(/u-lu

dhuh-bu jh/-pa* cf. yces~pa.

pa ma mt>d - Kan duy* there comes verylittle smoke into the room. dud-Ka Mi.

1. having tlie colour of smoke, dark-gray.

2. family, household. 3. chimney (V). diid-

Ku Sch. 'liquid soot'; prob. soot mixed

with water, smut; IA. compares morbid

evacuations or matter ejected from the sto-

mach with dud-Ku. dutl-bdl soot >'/.,

prob. flocky soot. -- dud- bun a cloud of

smoke Cs. dud-rtsi soot, smut C*.

diid-i'i'in chimney.

II. vb. 1. to tie, to knit, to knot, v.

mdud-pa.- - 2. pf.

of Odud-]>a, stooping.

bent, hence dud- aro quadruped, beast, ani-

mal, opp. to man that walks erect Sty.

dun-pa great diligence, assiduity. ////<-

pa drdg-po', *ditn-can* very diligent

W. (cf. Odim-pa, and rturi).

_..dub-pa, vb. to be or get tired; adj.

4 tired; sbst. fatigue; //// dnl>-l> they

do not get tired Dzl.;

inil-:iii d>'il> - no*

Glr.', lus dan nay yid dub l*tli. he is tired

in body, mouth, and soul, i.e. he has no

strength for doing, saying, or thinking any-

thing good. dub-can tiresome < '*. dii

ryyu anxious, sorrowful Mi.

_,__.. (/?//AS, Sty. frq.: nyc-ziit dub* iii

4 ace. to the context it might mean :

very probably; but the word seems to be

little known.

_.. dum a piece, frq.; as a measure or cer-

^> tain quantity of meat, v. yzuys: </;/-/*

a large piece < s. : diun-lm a small piece, frq.;

dii ill-bin- ;-<>y-pa,ywd-}>n. f/,'d-i>,,to break,

to cut to pieces. dam-dnm several small

pieces or things ( >-.: perh.= dum-dinn Ld..

e.g. i/ui'

diiiii-diiin, or </roii dum dunt several

scattered farms, hamlets or village>. which

have together one common name.

M- tfur tomb, grave, diir-du JM/-/"/-

4 Otlzud-pa (C's. Otttbs-pa) \s)lcun-ci'* \\\.

to bury; dur rk6-ba to dig a grave.

dur-rknn grave-robber, plunderer of tombs.

- dur-kuii grave, tomb. itiir-Rrod ace.

to etymology denotes a cemetery, burial-

MIl flldtl·tt!" to trike rengenDce, to revengeono'8 gelf.-~~.r:r IluY$iJ« IV. I. to make warm, to:J warm, ",I!. la at tile fire, c. g.one'8IulDds, 1\ plate. - 2. to light, to kiadle,-fl,t eMy-tt- to li~ht A fire; -Ialti-pu meldllf) 8(1)i- the house IIlIS \.Iegun to burn,has caught fire; -:u-tt Iluy ($U,.·AIU"- burntfood, a burnt meal; -tlug-1i- a hurnt smell.

-c: dltli 1. a tortoise shell, c1r/li-l'tld II pe:J trifled tortoise shell O. - 2. a shell,both snlnl! shells, worn ns lUI ornament(skge·dwl-prhi necklace of shells), nndmore particularly the great trumpet - shell,which is sounded on certain occ:l3ions; itis usually of a pure white, hence dUlidkur 1. trumpet.shell, 2. white rose C., d/in$(! snow-white teeth 1'111, dlHi - ro snow·white horns Mil.; n trumpet-shell wound10 the right (r!ld&.su oJ.Yil..lJa) is regardedl\S vRluable Il9 it is rare GI,.. - 3. trumpet, tLlba, dU/; obUtl-pa to sound, to blown trumpet; I:-riJm·dun judgment.trumpcl,trumpet used in courts of justice, CoI-dwlchurch-trumpet, trumpet used in religiousceremonies, dmag-tlu.i war·trulUpet, li,istlmi hunting·bugle; 1'ka,i-dUil a trumpet orcornet made of a hollow tlligh.booe; zalisd,l,; a copper trumpet, a bass tuba eightfeet long: dLwl-dul; f\ similo.r instrument,but of less dimensions; rica - dllli a trumpet of horn, rag.dllli l\ brass trumpet. 4. skull(?) &k has: (lU/i-em t. sknll, 2.= rkUli· dwl; in GIl'. Brl\bma. is callcdJUHlIi (Qr.{S<'Jys-ean.

-~'a' Ilwi·lit constant. continual Dom.; du,i·:J lie-ba 'n.g," id.~r:..'~r:.: dlt';.d~'; staggering, reeting, tottering,"'" "'" waverrng Sc/,.'::F.q~· dwi·pdn, G: -JI/wi-pin-, basin.~

~::~~: dll/i·opya~ nIl., 100 million &11.~

-r:..:w-.q' d,llis.pa, secondnr)' form of ydu,;~.:l pat love, IlJd...pa tim; ,/litis-IX! :;f)sJ.-yh.u Mil., frq.; yid-duils _ 'I'lyi,i.brtuba, frq.; -dlu',i·fJ!lIt· C. Jove, -(iI.yu-/fI(Ihuti-bu jM-pa- cf. yUs-pa.

~~'.:.J' ,hill-I"l I. sLst. (d. ,Iu-JJI~, IlfJd tile"'" Pers. ,)~) smoke. It'.: -',iit·"/fv tiM·IX! 111d 1/11d - /"'(111 drl!! there wmet \'f~ry

little "moke into the room. - ,I",{·fa Seh.1. hln-ing the colour of Imoke, dlrk-gray.2. lamily, hous&hold. 3. chimney ('~). - 11..,1J.'tl &11. 'liquid lioot'; proL. 500t mixedwith watcr, smut; Lt. COHlpllore! morbideVl\cuations or mllttcr cjected from the ,to-

mnch with tluJ·/..'n.. - dwl-bdl &OOt &h.,prob. flocky soot. - dud-Mm A cloud ofsmoke ~. - (Iud·rtli l;OOt, limut Ct. (Iud-Mm chimney.

II. vb. I. to tie. to knit, to knot, '".1IIJlld.pa. - 2. Ilf. of od"d-JJIJ, stooping,bent, hence dlid.~ro quadr1lp&d, beast, ani·mal, opr. to lIIan that walks erect Sty.

..~..:.t' d';II-pa great diligence, assiduity, (lilli~ pa drdrn)O; -dNII·ta"· ,"cry diligent11'. (cf. odim'1!u, l\Dd rom),

-::r:r dub-pa, vb. to be or get tired; adj.:J tired; sbst. fatigue; mi diJ.J-oo theydo not get til'Cll Dd.; Mi- ~-;,; drib· /1('"

Glr.; llU dllli ila[J yi,l c11/b }'tl,. lIe is tiredin body, moutb, nnd soul, i.e. he hu nostrength for doing, sftying, or thinking anything good. - 1{,;b·(aTl tiresome ( •. - J;,bf'[J!I,t anxious, sorrowful &1,._~~_ dllb~. SI!!. frq.: ll!Jl-?:~'Ji d~ln ,,~ar

:J !lce. to tbe context It IUlght mean:very probably; but the word seems to belittle known.

_~' dum a piece, frq.; a~" measure or ccr·:J t"ill quantity ofmeftl. \'. r:U!fl: dU",.,)/)a large piece GI.; diinl-b" a small piece. frq.;dimwml' "tOg-ptl, rNd·jHI. L.yIt/-p" to break,to Cllt to pieces. - Ilfllll-Jlini ie"el1ll"m,,11Ilieces or tIling!:' (~.; peril. _ dum...I;,,,, '.AI.,e.g. !Jtll JIlt/I_ehrlll, or !/,'Oti du", I/J", SflI'el1llscftltered farm$, hamlets or villages, whichhare together one common name.__ • ,I",' tomb, grave, dlir-,It, JilJ.J/U.,:J...... olkild-]JtI (0. oIUlJ,,·pa) -(..)k"tt-«" 11'••to bury; dill' "oW -l.a to ,Iig a gl1l"e. dur-rJ.'IIH gra"e-robber, 1)lulldC'~rof tombs._ d,ir.kllil grave, tomb. - dilr-l!rtNl ace.to etymology deuotes a cemetery, burial·

254

dur-ba dus

ground, but in Tibet it signifies a placeto which corpses are brought to be cut

into pieces for hungry dogs and vultures,

this being considered a very honourable

mode of burying (or rather disposing of)

dead bodies, Kopp. II, 322. These placesof course are haunted by demons and foul

spirits; dur-Krod-pa an ascetic living at

such a place, Burn I, 309. --dur-rgyas

the last food which a dying man eats.

d&r-sgatn, dur-sgrom coffin. -- dur-rdo

tomb-stone Cs. dur-spyan. jackal. dur-

pun barrow, tumulus, mound, cairn. dur-

byan epitaph Cs. - - dur -fsun, dur -

fsod,

food offered to the dead Cs. dur-mfsed

a place for burning dead bodies Sch.

dur-sri a grave-devil, a sort of sepulchral

vampire.dur-ba 1. sbst. weed, weeds, Sch.

- 2. vb. to run Mil., dur-te rgyug-

pa to run towards a place or object, to

hasten to, zds-la dur-ba to hasten to dinner,

Ids-la to work C.; cf. iidm-dur-can.

r^-qx-dur - bin W.

,the Persian

.-wo^O

spy-glass.

^"5" dur-bya a paring-axe; a hoe Sch.N3 V

r^-q^* dur-byid a purgative rpot, prob.=

N fdr-nu S.g., ace. to Wdn. = tri-

byi-ta (sic), prop. f^^ffT? Ipomoea Tur-

pethum.

rorn* dul-ba, prop. pf. of Odul-ba, soft,

of the skin etc.; tame; gentle (tem-

per), easy (disposition), mild; also sbst.

softness etc.; dul-po, W. *dul-mo* id., but

only adj.; ma dul-ba untamed, rude, Dzl.;

*srdb-Ka (or Kd-po) dul-mo* W. soft- or

tender-mouthed; tame, manageable, tractable.

Tar. 11, 14 a better reading prob. would

be: dban-po Odul-bai brjid a splendourthat dazzles the senses.

r dul-ma a kind of water-colour madeof pulverized gold and silver, for

painting and writing.

Mr dus 1. time, in general, diis-kyi /cor-

NS io v. Jcdr -lo; dus -

kyi means also:

happening sometimes Mil.;dus adv., for a

while, for some time Lt.; del dus-su, dus

de tsa-na, de-dus, dus der, at the time, at

this time;dus de-nyid-du then immediately,

directly afterwards; ddn-poi dus nyid-duin the very first time

; dus-su, or dus-dus-

su, dusOga-re, sometimes, now and then;

de dan dus mnydm-du simultaneously with

that Glr.;

dus ycig- tu or la at one and

the same time, together; dus-cig-na (erron.

ycig), also dus re (or nam)-zig-gi fse, dus-

re^-zig}^ once, one day, some day; dus

lan-cig id. Glr.;dus pyi zig-na some fu-

ture day; dus yzan zig-na another time;

dus ci tsam-na at what time ? when ? Glr. ;

dus(-na} after a genit., inf., or verbal root

= when, after, zag ynyis son dus when

two days had, or will have passed Mil.\

na bu-moi dus-na yin-te when I was still

a girl Glr.; mgu - dus med the time of

being satisfied never arrives Mil.; btsd-

dus-te as the time of giving birth has come

Lt.; frq. with Obdb-pa: bdag Odul-bai dus-

la bab the time of my conversion has come;

sometimes dus- la sleb Lt.; col.: dus sleb

the time is come; Oyro-bai dus Odebs-pa

Dzl., byed-pa frq., to fix a time for going,

also thus : nam Ogro-bai dus byed-pa Dzl.;

dus kitn-tu, dus rgyun-du always; almost

pleon. in: dus dd-nas henceforth, from

this time forward Mil.; de dan dus Odzom

as to time it coincides with that Glr. -

2. the right time, proper season; for is ex-

pressed by the genit. of the inf. (cf. above:

the time of my conversion); dus-su at

the right or proper time, e.g. for payingoff Glr.; dus ma yin-pa the wrong time;

dus ma yin-par, dus - inin unseasonably,

not in due time; esp. too soon, prema-

turely, e.g. to die; dus-ma-yin-pa spon-bato abstain from doing unseasonable things.- 3 dus ysum the three times, viz. dd-

Itai, or dd-ltar-gyi, Odds-pai, and ma-^.6/ts-

pai, frq., thus in dus f&um-gyi swns-rgyds

the Buddhas of the three times; often also

with special reference to metempsychosis,the present, the former, and the future period

of life; with respect to the times of the

day: morning, noon, evening; besides nyin-dus ysum, also mfsdn-dus ysum occurs.

254~::,:.::r dUI'-ba~

ground, but in Tibet it signifies a placeto which corpses are brought to be cutioto pieces for hungry dogs aDd vultures,this being considered n very honournblemode of burying (or rather disposing of)dead bodies, KiJpp. II, 322. These placesof course are hnunted by demons and foulspirits; du,.-t'roo-pu an ascetic li\'ing atsuch ll. place, Burn r, 300. - dllj'-ryyasthe Inst food which a dying man eats. lhir-8,qam, d'll' - sfJ'I'O'III coffin. - dur - rdotomb-stone C8. - lbil'-8l',lJa,i jackal. - dul'fwi barrow, tllmulus, mound. cairn. - diu'_h,ljan epitaph (;8. - dur - (sun, du" _($1')(1,

food offered to the dead C;, - dUj'-11I(sMII. place for burning dead bodies &1,. d!if'-8,:i It gJ'O.\'e-de\·i1, a sort of sepulchralvampIre..l:\,::..•.::r ditl'-lm 1. sbst. weed, weeds, Scli......, - 2. \·b. to rlln Mil" dlir-Ie rfJ!Jliy.1'1) to run towards IJ, place 01' object, tohnsten to, :ds-la dlil'-ba to hasten to dinner,!ds-La to work C; cf. lidm·dul'-Call.

~::"'~' d"l'_ bill IV., the Persiun W,tu......., spy-grass,

:i::"'S' dur-blla a paring-axe; a hoe &11,

~::"'S~' dUI'-byid a purgative root, prob. ..... (ar-IIU S.g" ace. to lVd,i, = tN'

hyt'-ta (sic), prop. f'il~T, Ipomoea 'furretbum,-~'.:::r dlii-ba, prol)· pf. of olilil-ba, solt,::J of the skin etc.; tame; gentle (temper), easy (disposition), mild; nIso sbst.softness etc.; dul-pll, JV. ·did-mo· id., butonly adj.; ma dul-ba untamed, rude, D::l.;·vdv-lia (or fld-po) dUl-mo· W: soft- ortender-mouthed; tame, manageable, tractable.Tar. 11, 14 11 better reading prob, wouldbe: dbwi - po oJul-IJai brJiJ a splendourthat da.zzles the senses,:;~';:j' dM-ma a kiud of water-colOur made....., of pulverized gold and silver, fOl'p.aintin~ and writing.~~. dus L time, in general, dlis;~"1fl' (01'....., 10 v. IMI' -lui dUs - kyi means 0.1,;0:happening sometimes Nil.; dus adv., for awhile, for some time Lt.; da.... ~f;sul ?

(l~ tS<J-na, di-dU8, dU8 du, at the time, attbis time; dUHle-nyid-Jldhen immediately,directly afterwards; d(hi-poi dIU nyfd-duin tbe very first time; dU8-8U, or dus-dus8U, dlt8 oga-re, sometimes, now Ilnd tben;de dati dus mn!)dm-Ju simultaneousl)" withthnt Gir.; dus )"i:ig - tit or la at one andthe wme time, together; dli8-i:ig-tla (erron.rCig), also dus !'~ (or 1wm)-zig-gi (se, dusr~(-::ifJ), once, ODe dny, some day; Juslall-1:ig id. Glr.; dU$ l~yj ~ig-11a some fnture day; dU8 pall Zig-1W another time;dlls ti tsam-Ila at wbat time? when? Glr.;dU8(-n(~) after a genit" inf., or verbal root- whell, after, ZafJ rllyi$ SOli tius whentwo da)'s had, or will have passed Mii.;lia bU-lIIot Jils-Iw. yill-te when J WIIS stilla girl Gb·.; I1IfJU- - (lla mI!d tile time ofbeiog satisfied never nrrives Mil.; bmddU$-te as the time of giving birth Ims comeJ.t.; frq. with "bab-pa: bdug odul-bai diula bah tJIC time of my con\'ersion has come;sometimes d14·ia $leb Lt.; coL dus slebthe time is come; o!/I'O-h"i dU$ odlbs-paD:l., byM-pa frq., to fix a time for going,also thus: tlam ofll'o-bai dus hyed-pa D::l.;diU kim-ttt, dus J'g!Jun-d1t always; almostpleon. in: dus dO. - II«S henceforth, fromthis time forward Mil.; de dwi dU8

0d::01ll

nS to time it coincides with that Gll'. 2, the right time, proper season; fOr is expressed by the genit. of the info (cf. above:the time of my conver..ion); dU$ - 811 atthe right or l'I'Opcr time, e.g. for payingvff Glr.; dus ma yin-pa the wI'Ong time;dus lllQ yin -liar, dWl - mill unseasonably,not in due time; esp, too soon, prematurely, e,g. to die; dus-ma--!Jin-pa spdit-6ato nbstain from doing unseasonable things.- 3 dlt8 )'3um the three times, viz. ddliai, or dd-liar-fJ!Ji, odd$-pai, and ma-~{Mjlpat', frq" thus in du~ r~ltm-g!Ji 8alij-I'Y!Jdsthe Buddhas (}f the three times; oftell alsowith special reference to metempsychosis,the present, the former, and the future periodof life; with respect to tIle times of theday: morning, nOOn, evening; besides n!Jin

du~ r$l~mt.alw m(uin-<ll(s r~~ccurs.-

BMdu

4. Season, Here Til>et:in>, ot'course, distin-

^ui-li the four seasons of the temperate

zone, dpi/id spring, d/>i/tir summer, aton

autumn, dynn winter; but in books, ori-

ginally written in India, either three are

counted, fxa - <ln$ hot season, grdfi.- dm

cold season, cdr-dus rainy season, or more

accurately six: dpyid. (qff^ri) spring, i.e.

March and April, sos-ka(<flm) not season,

May, June, dbyar (^^) rainy season, July,

August, ston (IJT7T) damp season, Sep-

tember, October, dgun- .sW

(%?RT) first

part of winter, November, December, dgun-xnuid (fljtll'O l&st Part f winter, Ja-

nuary, February. 5. conjunctures, times,

circumstances, *dus de-mo* W., *dhn-de

(sa-^dm)* 6'., dus-kyi Jti'ug-pa med-paLd.-Gh\, dw bzdn-po Dom., peace. 6.

a particular period of time, as distinguished

from others, an age, -q^j (=3-^7i/df-Iddn, or rdzogs-lddn (^n-f or ^spfST

rdfe, or ysum-lddn (%rf) rtsod -Iddn, or

m,!,

be compared to the four ages of Greek

mythology. 7. year Lt. - - 8. symb.num.: 6. - - Note, dus byed-pa also sig-

nifies (cf. 1 above) to fulfil the time, fsei

dw byed-pa to die, to perish, also to com-

mit suicide Dzl. frq. ; J-i-bai dw byed-paid. Wdii. dus dzin-pa to take the day-service upon one's self(?) Dzl. %S4, 3.

Comp. dus-skabs v. skabs. --dus-cen,

-bzdit, -ston, festival, byed-pa to keep one.

- dus^mcod v. mcod-pa. dus-sbyor Cs.:

'judicial astrology', dus-sbyor-pa an astro-

loger. dus-me comet Cs. dm-rtsi-ba ( *.

'the counting of time'. dm-fsig Sch.:

'dus - fsuj fsdi'-ba new, fresh provisions,

'produce of the year' (?). dus-fsigs, dus-

mfsani* J. period, epoch; . season < *. -

<//<*- tsdd 1. space or measure of time. 2.

often for dw, dei dw-fsod-kyi mi-rnam$

the men of that time or period, del dw-fsod - la at that time

;also for hour. -

ctus-zih Sch.: 'time of depravity'.- </">-

bzdn v. above dus-c&n. dw-rldbx 'wave

of time' i. e ebb and flood, the tides. >>/,/.

dux-lfy a year yielding tm

sterile, bad year I't/<.

^-'/' I. mini, figure: 101. -

_' affix of' the gerund, f'r ^-, after a final */.

r- de demonstrative pron. (in It. gen. placedafter the word to which it belongs, in

col. language before it, even without the

termination of the genitive) that, that one.

opp. torili ilii-. this one, yet with oc-

<"i-ional exceptions. 1. when words or

passages are literally quoted, the Tibetan

begins with Odi-skad or some similar ex-

pression, and places a <V* or ,//->/,,/</ after

it. Odi, in such a case, corresponds about

to the following', de to 'such', or *thus\ (cf.

xovin and cods'). But elsewhere Odi may

also refer to what has been said before,

e.g. in a reply : faiy Odi ni bden - pa /////-

nam is this word (that has just been said)

true? Dzl. In the context of a narrati\.-.

however, de is usually employed.- - 2.

It frq. stands in the place of the definite

article the: pa de log-ste s6n-no the father

went back Mil. ; esp. after adjectives and

participles, where it adds to perspicuity:

yzdn - nu de na - re the younger one said

Mil.;snon-la sdit-ba de he that has gone

on before Mil.: del d<'i-dtt. dei j'>i/ir(-<lu),

ced-du, sldd-dit. therefore, on this account

for this reason; del ,(>;/-tn under that, after

that, afterwards; d,'i <///*-*</, fa>(-n<i) there,

then, at that time. 3. he. she, it for Ko,

which in classical style is not in u.v.

4. for del, in de-pyir, de-dux, (abbreviations

of del j'i/t'r-du.dei </i/*-su, v. above). Plural:

de-day, de-mattm. de-f*>.

Comp. and deriv. </'-/, /;-/

:

/, the very

same, ysa de-ka iitt i/in thr very >ame

snow-leopard (you saw) was 1 my-elt Mil.:

de - ka Ifat just SO '/'////. : d< - ka yini (in

answer to a question) indeed! yes. yes! to

be sure! .17/7.. '.. frq.; //-/- //." MH..

id.; de Kyed lay* If/i.. oh. thi- ...il yu?!de-K'o-na, de-ni/'d. col. de-raft, the very

Same, cf. kn-n<t: d, -//////. and de-Ko-tui-

iiiffd are als.. >bst.: essence, nature Thgy.:

X/7//.S -////d, -ni/i<l the essence f the soul

4. season. Here 'fihetlln-l, of ('UUflIe, di.,inguisll the fOllr seasons of the temlleretezone, dpyid spring, dbyar summer, $Ionnutumll, dglm winter; but in books, originl\lIy written ill India, either tbree arecounted, (.d - dll, hot seaSOn, !lrdti _ dIM

cold seaSOn, cdl'-dll' reillY season, or morelUXurl\tely six: dp!li<.1 (lRJ1I'I) spring, i.e.March and Aplil, ~ka (~) hot season,May, June, dhyar (~) raio)' season, July,August, Mon (~) dllmp season, September, October, d[l'l1I -81M (~) firstpart of winter, November, December, dgun'11I(1(1 (fmlr~) last purt of winter, JunUMy, February. - 5. conjunctures, times,circumstances, -dIll dt - mo· W., ·dllf.! - di(,a-Jam)· C., dli.-k!!; "J.'l'Iif/-pa mid-]fflJ~.-Glr., Ju. b::ali-po /)(mI., pellce. - G.II particular period oftime, itS distiogui$hedfrom others, an age, ~ (-nlo. ~).!Jlll"-Man, or rdwgs-1Jdn"(n or lJ'ftl) !farrdb" or pum-ldan f'irm) rtsod-ldan, orynyi8 - Man (~ ,nyi[J3 - 11ill (~), tobe compared to the four ages of Greekmythology. - 7. year Lt. - 8. s}'mb.UUIJl.: G. - Note. dlls byAl-pa !USO signifies (cf. 1 above) to lulfil the time, (t.t;dm byid-pa to die, to perish, nlso to commit suicide D::l. frq.; ,,"6i-hlli d,(, h!Jfd-paid. 1I'(Z,i. - d,(, (/::in-pa to 'nke the dayservice upon one's self(?) D:l. .(,s<, 3.

Compo dlls·,J.·u/)3 v. d:ubtt. - (IU8-UIl,-b::d,;, -.ton, festival, hyid-pa to keep oue.- dll,..1/lroll I'. mlod.JXl. - dU'.luyor C•. :'judicial astrOlOgy', JIII-.uyor-pa nD nstrologer. - (ltu..me cornel cr. - Jus-rUi-b., C•.'the counting of time'.. - dlls - (8if/ Sch.:'dm - (t~1 PUI' - ba new, fresh pl'O\'isions,'produce of the year' (?). - dIU-ftlif/', (III$

1Il('(lUUI J. period, epoch; '!. season U. dIU - fMi<.1 1. space or measure of time. 2.often for Jus, (lei dlls-($6tl-ky" rIIi_MI<./11U

the men of that time or period, liei Ju.(3<)(1-1(1 nt that time j also for hour. dm-::iJi &:11.: 'time of depravity'. - dtlllbzd>i \". aOO\'e (illl-an. - dUll-rid"" 'wave01 lime' i. e, ebb aDd flood, the tides. S,!/.

- (It/II - My a Yellor yidding 110 crop", •sterile, bad year 1'1},.~. tk I. num. figure: 101. - 2. affix of

the gt'runtl, for It, after a final d.~. (It dcmoll,tn\ti\,c Ilron. (in JJ. gen. placed

lifter the word to which it bell)n~, illcol. InDgullge before it, e.-ell 'II'ithout theterminl\tion of tile gcnitive) that, th.lone,0llp. to "di this, this onc, }'el witb oee'bional excclltions. 1. wIlen words orpnssag("s nre literally quoted, the Tibetanbegins wilh ,,(li..kwl or some l>imilar expression, and pl/I.Ces l\ C~ or dl4k/l/l afterit. "tli, in such l\ Cl\se, eorrcsponds l\ooulto 'the following', dt to 'such', or 'thus', (cf.'ffJi:r(J And -rodt). But elsewhere ",Ii maynlso refer to wllO\t bns been said bcfofl!,e.g. ill II reply: (sig "di lIi beN,I-lm yill'IWII' is this word (that bas just beau said)ll'Ue? Dzl. In the context of a narrative,11OWe\·er. de is IlsulI.lIy employed. - 2.It frq. stnnds in the llillee of tbe definitenrticle the: pa ele lOy-,le tOn-Ho tlte fnthcr\\·cnt back Mil j esp. lifter Ildjecli\"C$ audparliciples, wllere it ndds to perspicuit)·:r::on - nu dt till - ri thc youuger one !lIidMil.; &M/I-Ia MJt'-OO de be that bas goneon before Mil.; (Iti dtm-dll, (Iii J"yt'r( ....l.),lhl.t1I1, .ldd-dl<, therefore, on this account,for Ihls reason; de; .cierl" tlllder that. afterthat, afterwards; dr; (INNII, (M(-lIU) thtre.then. at thai time. - 3 he. she, il for J!o,which in clll8sical style is 1I0t ill u~. 4. for dt!, in df'-}i.Vir, de-(I,u, (lIbbre.-iltotiollsof de; pyir-dN, (lei tll;,..'tI, v. above). Plur.l:de-dOfJ, dt-I7IUHIIl, d;"~.

Compo and den .... (1;"J.:a, Ji..J.la, the verysame, ]'1(1, dt! _Jm Jia Y'lt the ver), ~.lUe

snow-loopll'Il(you saw) WM J Ulpelf Mil.:elt - ka lIar just so 1'1t!J!H tll- Jm y<Jd (inIInswer to ft qu~tion) indeed! yes. yes! tobe sure! Mil., C, frq.; dl-All I"f'" -'iii..id.; de J!!Jt'llel'~ /7h., oh, tbis ... is JOu?!_ dt-C-d-/la, dt-H!Jitl, 001. dt-rd". the verysame, cf. J.'6-tl(I: (Ie - 1I!fI(I, alld ,y.. }lI'-HlI

7'.'1M nre nl>'O sbst.: essence, nature 1'J.g!J.:Jl<1,11~-lt-yt· (1'_II!1M tile e8~n~ of tile ;«lui

T de-ba

256

Mil. --de-snyed SO many.

--de-lta, de-

Itar (-du, or -no) SO, pa ni de-lta mayin-te as it is not so with the father Sty.;

de-lta-bu of that kind, quality, or manner,

such, esp. in B. -- de-de = de, but more

emphatic, exactly that; de-de-bzin-no yes,

SO it is ! *dhen-da, de* C. = de-lta etc. -

de-na therein, in that place, there, here. -

de-nas from, thence, from that place; after-

wards, then, at that time, very frq.- de-

pa, de-ma Cs. one of that place, sect,

religion etc. -- de-bas 1. after a compa-

rative, than that; 2. also de-bas-na, des-na,

des, therefore, consequently, now then (dry)

B. frq. de-bo = de Cs. de-tsam SO

much; de-tsam-na, de-tsa-na, then, at that

time. --de-tsua, W. gen. *de-zug*, SO, thus.

-de-bzin(-du) according to that, thus, so;

frq. forit, de-bzin-du yndh-ho he allowed

it Dzl.; de-bzin no-ses-nas perceiving it

Glr. --de-bzin-nyid (rp^) essence, Was.

(272), identity (297), like cos-nyid and some

other similar expressions,=

ston-pa-nyid,

Trial. fol. 20. - -de-zug

=de-tsug.

- - de-

yan, derail, \. this, or that, too; he also.

2. namely, to wit, viz., preceding specifica-

tions and detailed statements, sometimes

also after a gerund, in which case it cannot

be rendered in English. de-rag directly,

immediately Sch. de-ran = de-K6-na, de-

ran yin that is just the thing! exactly! to

be sure! col. -- de-rin B. and C. to-day,

de-rin-gi of this day. de-ru, der, 1. into

that, thereinto, into that place, thither, that

way. 2. in that, therein, in that place, there,

frq.-- de-la to this, to that; in, on, or at

this; thereat, therewith, thereto, thereon; about

that, concerning that; thereof, therefore. -

de-las from, out of, from that; after a com-

parative and yzan, than that. de-srid to

such a length of time.

'

de-ba a medicinal herb, Med.

do

rr- den, also din, to-day, den-nas from this

'

day forward Mil.;den pyin

- cad or

cad Dzl. id.; den-gi dus the present time

or age; den-sdn to-day and to-morrow;

now-a-days; den-sdn Ihd-rje the physicians

of the present day Wdn.; den- dus smdn-

pa Lt. id.

$C'^* den-ba, pf. and imp. oi den-ba, to

go, to go away; dens-pa seems to be

the same form: so-soi ynds-su dens Mil.,

rdn-sar dens-so Pth. they went each to his

own place; ndm-mJcar den Mil. prob. it

melted away, dissolved into air; sor-mo-

rnams dens mdzdd-pa to turn the fingers

upwards (?). Schr. dens-pa to ascend.

s'^I* de'd-pa, pf. of Oded-pa.

Mb (-ma) poultice, cataplasm, ap-

plied to sores and inflamed parts

of the body Sch.

,

tibetanized form of

the Persian y&3 documents, records, cata-

logues, registers, lists, books; deb-fer-pa, deb-

fer-mlcan Cs. keeper of the archives or re-

cords, recorder, archivist, librarian; deb-Jean

chancery, government office Schr.; deb-yig

cover, envelope, stitched book Sch.

r?e* dem - tsi (perh. Bu -nan), a small,

narrow bridge, foot-bridge Lh.

dean, v. sub de.

rrr

n yx-\ deu(-re') one day, some future time,|No Dzl. frq.; deu . . . deu . . . now . . .

now, at one time ... at another time Mil.

(Tar. 165, 18 is prob. an incorr. reading).

^- der, for de-ru, esp. as adv., then, at

' that time; der zad, der bos Cs. that is

all, there is nothing more, finis,

des 1. instrum, of de; des cog with that

it is enough, that will do Sch. 2. for

de-bas, v. de comp.

des-pa Cs. : 'fine, brave, noble, chaste;

a title'; occurs frq. in Dzl. as a

commendable quality of women.

y' do 1. num. figure: 131. 2. two, a pair,

a couple, used only in counting, mea-

suring etc.: zo do re two drams of each

Med.; *td-bag do* W. two platefuls. --3.

this, Schr.: do-yi don-du; gen. only in do-

nub this evening, to-night Mil.; bdag do-

nub sdn-gi mi I, a man only for to - dayand to-morrow Mil.', Cs. also do-zdg, do-

256~',::r dl-ba

Nil. - de~3n1JCd so many. - de-ita, deltar (-dll, or -1Ia) SO, pa 1li de-Ita :lilayin-te oS it is not so with the father Stg.;dt-lta-lm of that kind, quality, or manner,such, esp. in JJ. - ik-di _ de, vut woreemphatic, exactly that; de-Je-bYn-no yes,so it is! -dhhl.f/a, tie- C. - IU-lta etc.(Ie.na therein, in that place, there, here.de-ncu from, thence, from that place; afterwards, Ihen, at thai time, very frq. - dipa. 1M - ma C8. 00<' of that place, se<.:t,religion etc. - M-bas I. after a comparatiw', than that; 2. nlso dl--bcu-na, de3-1la,dI'll, thel'tfore, consequently, now then (oJ»n. (til' - di-oo - lIe ill. - dtl-t8am somuch; (M.blam-tW, r/i-tsa-1la, then, at thattime. - dl-fsllf/, IV: gen. -dC-::ug-, so, thus.- de-b?:in(-du) according to that, thus, so;frq. for it, de-b'::in-du )'111in_tiQ lie allowedit D;:l.; de-b~ill Jid -.i1'3 - na8 perceiying itGll'. - de-b~in-Jl!Jid (1I1<f) essence, Was.(272), identity (2~7), like ~-nyld lind someother similar expressious, 0= st()Ji-pa.flyid,Trig!. foJ. :!O. - 11i-=g _ de-tsug. - lieyait, J';~alj, l. this, or that, too; he also.2. namely, to wit, viz., pre<:eding specifications ond detailed stlltements, sometimesalso After II gerund, in which case it cannotbe rendered in English. - dt-ray directly,immediately &/1. - de-run _ de-Ito-nu, denill yin tha~ is just the thing! exactly! tobe sure! col. - de-I'M n. and C. to-day,de-riti-!Ji of this day. - de--I'U, del', 1. intothat, thereinto, into that place, thither, thatway. 2. in that, therein, in that place, there,frq. - de-la to this, to that; in, on, or atthis; thereat, therewith, thereto, thereon; aboutthat, concerning that; thereof, therefore. de-w8 from, out of, from that; after a comparative and r~«n, than that - de-srid tosuch a length of time.

~...:::r dUJa a medicinal herb, Med.

~c: den, also dili, to.oay, din-nas from thisday forward Mil.; den pyin - M(l or

t!ad Dd. id.; dbi-gi dIU the present tillIeor age; deft-sali w-day and to-morrow;now-a-days; delj-$ali Qui-r)e the physicia.Ds

of the present day IVd,i.; dM-JlIs Sllla1l

pa Lt. id.~t:.,.c:r dln-ba, pf. aDd imp_ of odbi - bu, to

go, to go away; di';'8-pa seems to bethe sume form: so-56i fllds-su dens !JIil.)ralj-$(IJ' dbl8-iw fill. they went each to hiso'wn plnce; nam-mA:m' delj .Mil. prob. itmelted away, dissolved into air; SQr-momams dens 'IIId:::Ud-pa to tum the fiDgersupwards (?). &10'. dhis-pa to ascend.

~~'.q did-pa, pf. of odt!d-pa.

~..:::r('f) dih(-ww) poultice, cataplasm, ap-plied to sores and inOamed parts

of the body &11.

~.q·aJ:: .~~ .~_. deh_fh', -rtlr, -$tel','") "i ,Ill ' " ...... tibetanized fonn ofthe Persian ,,;.;;.) documents, records, catalogues, registers, lists, books; tleb-f(j"'pa, debfer-milan (.k keeper of the arcbiwlS or records, recorder, archivist, librarian; iUb-fail.

chancery, government office Selo·.; deb-yi!)cover, envelope, stitched book 8eh.

~.;.r3~ dem - fsi (perh. nu - nan), a small,narrow bridge, foot-bridge Lk

~I:,t:.- dim), v. sub de.

~_(~) Jeu(-I'e) one day, some future time,D:::l. frrH dm ... deu ... now ...

now, a~ one time ... at another tillle Mil.(Tar. 165,18 IS prob. an incorr. reading).~r..' tier, for di-ru, esp. as ad"., then, at1 that time; del' ::«tl, dn' bas CS. that iii

alt, there is nothing more, fiuis.~~ des I. instrulll. of de; dl!3 t!0fJ with thnt'") it is enough, that will do Sell. - 2. fordi-bas, v. de compo~~'.q' (Ms-pa Cs.: 'fine, brave, noble, chaste;

1'" a title'; occurs frq. in D::I. ns II.

commendable quality of women.~ de 1. num. figure: 131. - 2. two, a pair,'") a couple, usel] only in counting, measuring etc.: zo do re two drnms of eachMea.; "ta-bay do" IV: two platefuls. - 3.this, &111'.: fM-!!i ddn-Ju; gen. only in donub this e\'elling, to-night Mil.; Maf! domil, san-gi mi I, a mnn only for to - dayand to-morrow Mil.; Cs. also do-:ti.!J, do-

-

///// to-day. 4. an equal, a match; a com-

panion, associate, H". *y-</o* fellow, yoke-

fellow, mate, comrade, consort; (/-;/// 1. id.

.I///.; '1. party in a lawsuit(?); *du-</ bf'-pa* ^'. seems to mean: caie-

fully to investigate (the right of) both

rtie-: </<>-///<</ unequalled, matchh :

*j 6'., W.

Lc.i:

do-gar-Kd W. light-blue.

do-gul importance, weight; important,

weighty C'., W.; *dlto-ghul in! )lie-

pa* 6'., *do-gdl mi cd-cc* W,to treat lightly,

to make light of, to slight;

'

::'

di hiy-po <///<>-

<ili('il mi odug* 6'., this word is unimportant,of no consequence; do-gdl-can important,of consequence Cs.

- do-ddm commission, charge, superin-

tendence; *dho - dlidm jhe- pa* 6'.,

*do-d<'un Jh'tr-ce* W., to have the superin-

tendence, direction, or cbarge of a business,

to have the keeping of a thing; do-ddm-

/" 1. a commissioned, authorized person,

overseer etc;

2. bishop Chr. Prot.

dd-po a load, for a beast of burden,

cf. f/os; *do-gom* W. saddle-cloth,

housing; do-logs the load on one side of

a sumpter-horse, half a load, do ya-ycig',

do-non-pa the equali/.ing of the load, by

increasing or lessening it on one of the

sides.

j-do-ba \. Jerusalem artichoke Sik. -

2. secondary form of sdd-ba c. aceu-..

t" be a match for, to be equal in strength

etc., to cope with Mil.; **><></ dim/'/ dhon-

da re* C. his life is at stake (da?).

dd-bo Med., prob.= do-ba I.

S'

do-mod to-day, this day, v. </<>.

'

do-rd Mil?

'

do-rt v. do 2.

* do-sd-la Hind, a thick shawl or

wrapper W.

J*'/"-*"/ '

'*. n. of an ornament hanging down from theshouhi.

nni-ti,j-iji </-*,',/ pearl-necklace; Mil. id.^,

'^f (/-/= (from fa'f) now. at present //<//.

dog col. an auxiliary vb., ace. to Lama-of W. and ('.

-i-tug-jiti. but of differ-

ent pronunciation ( H'. *V/w/*, ( '. *d/i(*/*). It

seems to correspond to the expression-: a-

far as I know, as much as you know, to

your knowledge etc. So a person ma\asked: *yog-mo me b,,r dng -

ga(in)* has

your maid - servant, for what you km.\\.

lighted a fire? whilst, if the .servant her-. -If

were asked, the question could only be: *///*

bar-ra(m\ or bar fxar-ra(iit}*.\ /' . \ 7

y dog sbst., in /!. mostly dog-fia. 1 . bundle.

clew, skein, e.g. of wool, weighing about

two pounds, as much as one can hold con-

veniently with the hand or twist round it

(lag-dog).-- 2. capsule, itr-d:n-Lni of the

cotton plant.- - 3. ear of corn A* ./ . : / '<//.

more in use: dog -dog a larger piece, /.vi-

ra do<j-dn(j. lump-sugar (opp. to ground

sugar); clod, clump, lump, loaf, *<///-.//;,/

co-ce* W. to form loaves; or in general: to

press, to press together, to crush, to crumple;a piece of wood, a log W. (differing from

rdog); *ddg-ga-dog-gt? Ltl. broken inpi>

e.g. Ka-ra.

dog-pa 1. v. dog sbst. 2. adj. and

sbst., narrow, narrowness: <ly-po,

dog-mo adj. : ddg-pcti ynas-bu far-fxi H "///.:

lig. xfn-fn doi-fiur ;/i/iti'-to they were kept

within narrow bounds Glr. ; *fim dlutg-po*

C. strict administration of justice,

rm'oj' ddg-le an iron pan willi a handle

'! w.

ilnim-jm 1. \b.. to fear, to be afraid

Of, to apprehend, gen. with the root

of the pf tense, \\hich in earlier writings is

placed in the instrum. case: nyes-pa byii/i-

<ii* nil iloi/s !>:!.; whereas (Hi:: s,-r In/u-'i

tlo,ix-i>uid~us-itu (fearing) when a hail-storm

is threatening: Tar. 188. i>: lyi/al-nriil ///

zin-<ii/i(s) dogs-tf being afiaid (the princex

might not be able t> govern: nut ;in </</./s-

Glr. fearing le-t he >hould not finish

17

rqi'in*

l\ thick Aawl or

-*, to-dfty. - 4. an equal, • malch; a com·panion, auoeiate, 11'. 'yd - flo' lellow, yoke·fellow. mate, comrade, ClHlSOrl; d6-da I. ill.,llil.; t. party ill IL ]I',""suit(?)j *JJ-J(I IN.AIIt.lix ~ib ~i'-ptr' (i. ..eetns to menn: ("arefull,. to iMt~ti~~ (tbe right of) bothp.rtie~; do __ I unt'qu:t1Jed. lUlIwhl("\.ij

'dA~ :m~-po·. C., n~

~... r..')' IIo-Ji(r) - for..(~;'9' /.,r.r,

~::rrF do-gar-I!d li'. light·blue.

:o-:':;w-r 1kJ-gti1 importance. weight: important,"'\"1 wetghty C., n:; *dlll>-f/hUlllli i"/IH.l· ("t '(/lHj<l11'l1i ~,. W, 10 tl"i'liL lightl)',to llIukt' light 0(, to ~Iigllt; ·.d; r"YiJ() .lfl{)y/ul! tIIi ./luff G" lhi~ word is llllimIlOI1aUt,of no consequence; do-gd[-CIIIl iJ1ljluI'\.I\IlI,of consequence C,.~-:'_~. I/(}-(/dm commission, charge, superin.1\ lendenCClj °d/lo_dlulm jlll-I"t' (.:,*/1().(1ti1tl l!itl'-21' Ii:, to hn,'C tile SUp('I·;n.lendcn<:e, direction, Of charge or n businc:;o.1.0 Ill\ye the keel,ing of a Tiling; do-I/dmIN! I. ~ commis..iooed, lI.uth"rll.ed I'tr:<QU,onrseer etc.; i!. bishop Cltr. J'rot.

;:r.".:f lid-po a load, for a be:L!'t of UUTlI(,Il,d. fIe.; edo_gfnR- 1r. saddle - doth,

bou~iug; Jo-I.;g. the IOll.d on one $ide ofII. !>umptf'r-horse, hll.lf :I. land, llo !l1J-,H9;do-n6n_I~ the equll.li1.ing of the 100ul, 11)'iUCftoAsing or I~euillg it 011 one of lheside'!.;:r."~. 116-b« 1. Jeru$alem lU'tichokc Si).·.I t. secondllr)' form of .IA-Qa e, aec.-u~.,to be A mllteh for, to he equal in ~Irenglil

f'tc, to eopo with Mil.; -6"0[1 (Uta'; dMJII_da ..e- C. his lire is at stnke (till').

"'--'" ,::r dtrbo Mt'd., I'rob, ... dO-iJa 1.

:r.""'" (t.l~. (/o--'/'1Xl to-day, this dn)', \'. do.

~':;" ll;>.ni Mil,'

~"':'"~. l/o-ri \•. (10 2,

~-:re.r liD_iii_iii lJind.1 r; r; wrapper II:

2~7

~Jf...f tiINdl ( .. n. of .n oruaml'nt hauRinl.; do.... from the ~houllkr\; .IV....

rtl14-ti!/-gf dO-Mil ptl't!-nf'<'ldace: Mil. ill.

';,"':'"~ Jt-; (f",m ("') ftOW, at prutnl/J..l.

~~ My till. 1111 auxiliary Yb.,!M't tn Lam.of W. lIud ( • ~ rl&tJ-pa, hUL bf diftr

eut l'mnulJeiatif'D (U'. -tJo,J-, ( . -IIAo,.,.). It~Wll to co~IM'lld to thl' "lIl'r hions: ...flU IllI I kilO". M IUlll·h as )'IlU Im"w. to

)'our kno"'IMlgc tte. Sl, a IlC'rcotl may M/\liked: -YOy-tlKJ 7IIt /x,r 1'0-!/U("')O huJour IUllid - ..en'lInt, fur ¥\ IllIt you kllOW,

lig!ltctl :l. fire'!' whil~t, if th~ loCrYllut j,t'l"I"I'lfwere :\$10(('11, tIle qlU'~til!lll'ould olll)' lit: -mtOO"-l'a(III), OJ' lxJ,' (~u""m(",)-.

';,~. Joy ;,\)~t., ill /l. 1Il0~t1)' Jdy-P", 1. bundlt,..... clew, skein, e.g. of \1001, weiglliug Ilbouttwo pounds, as mueh liS one ~lIn hold <:011

\'enientl)' witll the lmnd or twi~l rouud it(lay-JIJg). - i, capsule, ur...ka-l:m· of thecottou plll.Dt. - 3, eat of corn /~.r.: (Qi.

more in usc: OOtJ-II6g n luger IliC<"t', fdI'll (loy - (10.J, lump-sugtu" (111'1" to groundsugar); clod, Clump, lump, loaf. -llog_.16gC6-U' Jr. to form loa"l!l\; or in gem·raJ: 10II~, to press together, to (.ru~h. tocrtlllllliei• piece of wood, a 101 Jr. (dilf"ering fromnlog); -diUJ"'9a-t1og--fJi" lA, broktll in pioo«$,t.A" fu-ra.~~.q dUff-flU I. \'. dog ltl".t. - '1. a.lj. and*\ S"~I., narT'Ow, 1'IaITOWlIeS$: "og-rt'.IIdg-mo M1j.; ddy-pt,.' )"fIt"'/m (aNJ.. lIil••:fig. ii,..ht ('0-J-.ar !/yWNO they lIl"ere ktpt"itlliu nArrow bouud Gk; -I;", 111aU<.H"'C. strict IIdmini"tnltioll of ju~tj('e.

~'51'ar l/dg-b All iron Ilan \li\h .. h.,ulle" -\ C, II~-::.-":n...~'=J' dtisP-pa I. "11., 10 lear, to be afraid\ -I' of, 10 apprehend, gen, \lilll tile rootof the Ilf tense, \\ hidl ill l'llrlier writiugl' i'iplllced ill tllll ill~lruHJ cn~c; ,.y;.-JIa b,vt<Ngi~ 1/1; ./()(.p D:L; whcrt'll" Glr.: IIU b!Jfli<11Ogf-l-.a; dlu-6U (fenrinR) \I h~ll " I••il-~torllli~ threatening: Tur, 1RO" !I: ry}!/1I1-.ri<1 '''":;1I"'!fYi(6) Jti.t;a-t, lMoillg .f,lIid (tJle I,nllee)mi~bt lint be- >lUll' l", gOYl:nl: I/fU:iH f~

/_ GI,. fearing I.·~t 1,1' ~hnuM II'" fint:<b

"

258

s" don S5T don

the matter; yso-mkan ma byun dogs-nasGlr. fearing that no deliverer would make

his appearance; hence for that not, lest and

similar expressions, bu mis mfon-gis dogs-

nas that his son might not be seen by the

people Pth.; ze-sddn lans dogs tur-re gyis

be on your guard lest anger should arise,

take care not to grow angry! Mil.; Ogos

dogs-pai Icibs dusters to prevent (things)

from getting dirty Lex.; yzdn-gyis ysdl-bar

ses-kyis dogs(-na} using distant allusions,

so that the drift of a speech is not at once

clear and intelligible Gram.; rarely with

the supine : de -dag bag -tu, or Obros

- su

dogs fearing lest they should become faint-

hearted or take to flight Dzl. 2. sbst.

apprehension, fear, scruple, dogs-pa skyes-te

Dzl.; also dogs skyes-te Glr.; dogs bsdl-ba,

dogs ycod-pa to remove doubts or apprehen-sions Tar.; dogs dpyod ni dogs ycod -do

examining a scruple is as much as remov-

ing it Sch.; re-dogs hope and fear (things

which a saint ought to be no longer sub-

ject to) frq.

j*p. don 1. a deep hole, pit, ditch, an ex-

cavation deep in proportion to its

breadth, e.g. a trench in fortifications, Glr.;

sa-don id.; cu-doii a well, a deep cistern;

me -don a fiery abyss, pool of fire Dzl.;

Sch. proposes to use it also for crater. -

2. depth, deepness, profundity; don-can 6s.,

*ddn-po* W., deep; don-med not deep,

shallow 6s. 3. v. Odoii-ba.

r*rn' don-ga n. of a tropical climbing plant,' and of a sweet-tasted lenient purga-

tive Med.

don-pa padlock, don-pa )ug-pa to

put a padlock on.

"^f <3IC"cf^ doh-po, ldon-po 1. tube, anyhollow cylindrical vessel, =

pu-ri; don-bu a small ditto; spa-don a tube

etc. of bamboo, sin-don a tube etc. of wood;

Icags-don of iron;mda-doii a quiver, don-

ba Glr. id.; don-mo, ldoii-mo a small churn,

=gur-gur. 2. a shuttle, made of a piece

of bamboo.

cr'T^ ddn-tse, Sch. also doii-fse, ddn-rtse,

piece of money, coin, yser-gyi gold

coin Dzl.; esp. a small coin, used (like

penny) proverbially for a small sum, Dzl.

dou-zil(?) W. Corydalis mc'ifolia.

doii-ze wasp 6s.

dod an equivalent, *nul med-na dod cig

fob gos* W. if you have no money, I

must receive an equivalent; dei dod ci-Qdra

yod what is the equivalent, what shall we

get for it? Mil.; bu-dod adoptive son, ned-

kyi bu-dod mdzod pray, suffer yourself to

be adopted by us Mil.; skad-dod verbal

equivalent, synonym, translation Lex.; dod-

du as an equivalent, as payment, for, instead

of, at, e.g. at a moderate price; Kydd-kyfanai stobs-kyi dod mi per Glr., gen. *minon*

('., you cannot cope with me in strength,

you are no match for me.

dod-pa to project, to be prominent,

gen. with c#r -c?w; also elongated

(Botany) Wdn.

PT- don (Ssk. ^f%), resp. (at least in some^ of its applications) zabs-don Pth. 1 . sense,

meaning, signification, go-ba to understand,

Ogrel-ba to explain; don rnijed-par dkd-bai

yig -Jbru letters the meaning of which is

not easily understood Glr. ; don mi Odug that

makes no sense; Odii don ci yin what does

that mean? zal ni Kai don yin: 'zaP signifies

the same as Ka; dpe bzi don dan Inai mgura psalm, containing four parables, together

with their explanation, as being the fifth

(part) Mil.; rdn-gi-sems-la don gyis refer

the signification, make the application, to

your own soul Mil.; . . . kyi don-du bsad,

it is explained in the sense of . ..,

as havingthe same meaning as ... Gram.; don mfun-

no they agree in this sense, on that point,

they say so unanimously Glr.; don de-la

soms think over this sense, i.e. over the

meaning of this significant example Mil.;

zu-don application, petition, request; con-

tents, Tar. 45, 19.; also opp. to fsig (word,

form) ; cos-byun-na spri-ti-ma zw-ba Odug-

ste don mfun in the cos -byun, it is true,

he is called Spritima, but the contents (i.e.

258

the Innttcr; f$O-mlian ma b!fU'; dOgs-nasGlr. fearing that no delh'crer would ffij\kchis l:IppeamnCCj hence for that not, lesll1ndsimilar expressions, bu mi8 lII(Q/'-gi$ dOgs·1/«8 that his SOD mig:hlilot be seen by till'

people ptll.; Ze-ad,i!, tmia dogs t{1l'-re f/yi$l,{' on your guard lest nngeT ~houlil urise,tllke care not to grow nngry! Mil.; 0[108

(1I1gB-pai lNba dusters to prc\'cnt (things)from getting dirty I~~.; y:ritl-!lyis )'sdl-bal'l1es.kyis dog8(-lla) using distllDt lIlIusions,so that the dlift of a speech is not at once

-ele:IT anll intelligible Gram.; rarely withthe supiuc: dt - day bd[; - tu. or in'03 - 811

(logs fearing le~t they should become fninthenrWd or take to flight Dz/. - 2. ghst.apprehension, lear, scruple, ddgs-pa dytlt-ftD::l.; also d(>(j8 skyes-It Gl,..; dogs ooliJ./)((,(10fJ8 )'CQd-pa to remove doubts or npprehen.sions Tar.; dogs (lpyotl lIi dogs reM-doexamining II scruple is AS mueh liS remo\,·iug it &It.; rMMg8 hope ani! fenr (thingswhich a saint ought to be no longer sobject 10) frq.~' do,i 1. a deep hole, pit, ditch, an c.x"'\ ca\'ation deep in Ilro[,ortion to itsbreadth, e.g. a trench iu fortifications, Gll'.;sa·doli id.; "Eu-<!o,i a well, a deep cistern;11M - dOli II. fiery abyss, pool of fire Dzl.;Sr/l. proposes to usc it "Iso for crater. 2. depth, deepness, profundity; do,i...ca1l LS.,·dol'-po· w., deep; dOl'-1IIM not del'll,shallow LS. - 3. v. odtj,,-ba,~'~' dOli.ya n. of II. tropical elilnhing IllnDt,"'\ and of n sweet-tasted lenient purgative Med.~F"=J' (loit-pa padlllck, wM -pa oJug-pa 10

put n padlock on.¥'=f ~'=f dOli-po, kMil·po 1. tube, lUl)'

, llOllow cylindrical vessel,_pu·ri; do"./m u smnll ditto; spa-dthi u tubeetc. of ho.llIhoo, U,i-<!oli a tube etc. of wood;l0098-<1011 of iron; mda-doit a quiver, d,hiba GIl'. id.; dOli-lIlo, ldo"'lIlo a small churn,- g/(l'.yl"·. - 2 a shuttle, ma{le of a pieceof hUlUboo.¥:~ do,i-t~, &". also do,'.fse, dOl,-rw,

piece of money, coin, rsi''-o!Ji gol{l

~' don

coin D::l.; esp. n small coin, used (likepenny) provcrbially fOl' a small SUlIl, D::I.~12?, 9; ~~, G.

~'E,'~~' dtlli.zfl(?) W. Corydalis me'ifo]in.

~'.?l' dOli·'U wasp (,$.

~' dod an equivalent, *',ul mM-1M «(Kl Ngfoo 90s' lV. if you hnve no mon('y, I

must recci\'e an equin..leDt; tid (Iod i:i-odmY(K! what is tile equivAlent., what shall wcget for it? Mil.; f,u·{ldtl adoptive son, Mdk!li blb-dM -mdzotl pray, suffer yourself tobc lldo(ltcd by us Mil.; skad - dM vcrhalcqui\'o.lent, synonym, translation La.; dOd·tilt as an equivalent, as payment, for, insteadof, at, e.g:. at a moderute pricc; ~ytXJ.k!Jis

,iaf sf6bs-J.yi (/(xl?lli per Glr., gen. ·mi ,,~m·c., you cannot cO[le with me in strenglil,you life no match for me.

::'-:::'':.1' (IrXl- pa to project, to be prominent,1\ l="cn. with ~bw·. dlt; also elongated(Botany) lI1(M.~' don (Ssk. ~lJ), resp. (at lcast in some1 of its tlPI,lieations) zabs-t/.:m 11k Lsense,meaning, signification, 00-00 to undcrst:md,ogrll./.ta to explain; dM myM.par (lkd-baiyiy - obro letters the mel.ning of which i"not ellsily understood Gll'.; (1011 mi 0(1110 thatmAkes DO sensc; odii don i:i yill whnt doesthat "leaD? zof ni J.'ai (lOll yin: '::01' signifiesthe sallie os l'n; J~ b!;i don dali l,,(li mgllrflo psalm, contnining four po.rotles, togetherwith their exphuwtiolJ, as bcing the fifth(part) Mil.; l'Ci,l.gi-sems-la don lJYi~ referthe significatiol1, make the application, toyour own soul Mil.; .. _kyi don-d,~ lMad,it is explained in the sen~e of ..., as Inl\'iugthe same meaning liS ••. Gram.; don m(,in110 they agree in this sense, on Ihat point,they sa)' so unanimously Gb·.; II"'l de-fawms Ibink o,'er this sense, i.e. over themenning of Ihis signifi(~o.nt examrle Mil.;ZIt·dOII application, petition, request; contents, Tar. 45, 19.; also 0PII. to fsig (word,form); los-byw"lIa ilpri-ti.ma ::el'.baoduf/sle dOli lIlflOl in the &s - LYIln, it is true,lie is cAlled S(lritimu, uut tbe co~tcnts (i.e.

(ton

the things related about him) agree, are

the same (fir.: iu'-s-don, and drtiii-don v.

/ms-pa extr.; idea, notion, conception Was.

(-S.">); as the heading of a chapter or pa-

ragraph, e.g. sdig-pa ildy-jxri don of the

expiation of sin. Rarely in a subjective

sense: don-vndd byfapa thoughtless children

Mil. -- 2. the true sense, the real state of

the case, the truth, (cf. d ,n-ddm\ esp. <lnn-

Id. sometimes also ddn-yyis Tar. 102, 12,

in truth, in fact, really Glr. and elsewh.;

to speak the truth Thyy.\ don-la bltd-na

col. id.; also for: true! surely! indeed, for-

sooth. --3. intent, purpose, design; profit,

advantage, Odii don ciyin what is your mean-

ing and intent (of doing that)? soii-sdn-bai

don med Dzl. going on is to no purpose;don med bzin-du without seeing the use of

it, without understanding the purpose Wdn.;with the genit. of the noun : the profit, ad-

vantage, the good, of a person, mii don byd-

pa to promote a person's welfare; esp. with

reference to holy men, Oyro(-bai) don byed-

pa to work for the welfare of (all) beings,

very frq.; of priests col.: to act officially,

to sacrifice; gain, profit v. ynycr-ba', in a

concrete sense: some particular advantage,

prerogative, good or blessing obtained, frq.;

pdn-pai don a useful thing, bde-bai don a

gift of fortune, rnyed-pa to obtain it; d/ios-

grub mcog -yi don the excellency of the

highest perfection; hence don-du postp. c.

genit. 1. for, for the good or the benefit of;

2. for the sake of, on account of; c. genit.

of inf. in order to, that; 3. rarely: in the

place of, instead of, against, for, zas nor-

gyi don-du Ofsori-ba to sell food for moneyMil. 4. in a general sense: affair, concern,

business, ran-(gi) don one's own affair.-,

one's own interest (cf. n. 3); fz(tn-(gyi) don

the interest of others; also melon, for dis-

interestedness Mil. (Ssk. TT^T^); dontndii-

bas on account of much business (syn. brcl-

bas) Dzl; chief or main point (ni f.), yso-

ba-rig-pai don-mams mdor sdu-ba to sum

up the principal points of medical science;

cos don ysum-la Odus-te religion being re-

duced to three main points (/MS, nay, ///</)

Glr. ; il<ui*'//////-//, <,r

^/1'n/t-fnt to -rule an

affair, to obtain one'* end , to attain t>

happiness. 5. in anatomy dn //; arc:

the heart, lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys

Med.;

cf. moil. (\. document, <:<id-d<m a

written contract, agreement; ce(d)-don a

letter (to an inferior person),

Comp. d'lH-i-an. ilon ilin'i lildn-pa \. USC-

ful, profitable, expedient, e.g. fay '/'/<<///..>. en-

joying an advantage. :<. having a certain

sense. - dnn-ntfun a merchant' *.: ////*///

Iddn-peei don-mfun-dag most honourable

merchants! don-dd</ 1. Sch. business, af-

fairs (?). 2. col. = don 1 . don-ddni(irC'TT^),

the true sense, subjectively: good earnest

col W. ydiis-pa man don-ili'nn ///// it i> not

(>aid in) jest, but in good earnest; ob-

jectively : don-ddm-par dbyer-mi'd in truth.

(after all, upon the whole, in the end), it

is all the same Gram. ; don-dam rndm-par

iti's-pai cos Glr. prob.=

don-ddnt-i>ui Inlen-

pa absolute truth Was. (21)3) ;in later times

=ston-pa-nyid Trigl. 20; Mil. *don-flds*

W. (lit.- bras) => ce-don /

don num. for bdun-cu, don-yciy etc.

71, 72 etc. to 79.

r don -pa for Ot6n-pa Glr. in one

passage, prov. in 6'.

j. dob-dob, dob -dob smrd-ba to talkyN

stuff, nonsense .sv-//.

. dom the brown bear; dom-bu 1. Sch.

the cub of a bear, 2. Cs.: a sp<

of black dogs, resembling a bear.

... do in -<lo at <*.: ornamental fringes

hanging down from the neck of a

horse; Wd/i : mi'-tog rtd-yi dont-dum Qdra.

;d('n - ru screen, shade for the eyes

and the like SV/i.

yt. dor a pair of draught cattle; (}l<n'i-<l6r

a yoke of oxen

dor-ba v. Odor-ba.

r dor-ma breeches, trowsers. dor-tim

slmrt breeches. </<>/-;/// long drawer-.

tro\v>er- ' v : tn<iin-<lor from snam-bu; ddr-

i-tti 1. that part of the breeches \vhii-h covers

the priNy parts, v. rt<t ; i/in/s-M-moi <Wr-

rta d* }': ,>-/v//i, rmd-la pan Wdti., the

.

the things related noout him) IIg:n,'c, lirethe ~l\llle Gf,'.; lins· dQ", nnd 1,,.!iti.dO'1 v.IU~-pa exiT.; idea, notion, conception Wa3.(28.'l); l\S tile lwuding of fl. dll\lltcr or (lllnlgrll.ph, e.g. 8iliy-pa ddy-pui /ir/ll of theCXpilllioD of sill. Hnrely in :1 suLjCClil'c~cnse: dOll-11IM byi~-pa thoughtless childrenMil. - 2. the true sense, the rcal state ofthe casc, the truth, (eI'. d,n.r/dm), esp. dOlilf/, sometimes nlsa Ildn-,qyM Tar. 102, 12,in trutll, in fact, rettlly Gil-. lind elscwll.;to speak the truth TI,!!!!. j ddll-lu bltd-na001. id.; nlso (or: true! surely! iodeeu, forsooth. - 3. intent, purpose, design; profit,advantage,.iii don i:i yin what is your meaniug am] intent (of doing thnt)? woi-3dti-baidO/I mtd D::l. going on is to DO PUl'POse;dOll lIlttl bzin-dlt without seeing the lI~e ofit., without unden;tanding tile IJurpose IVd".;with the genit. of the DOUD: the profit, advantage, the good, of a person, mii dOlI b!Jedpa to promote a person'll wclfo.re; esp. withreference to holy men, 09'"<l(-bui) dOli bufflJ1(t to work for the welfare of (nil) beings,very frq,; of priests col.: to act officially,to s:tcrifice; gain, profit. v. fll!JI1r-ba; in aconcrete sense: some particular advantage,prerogative, good or blessing obm;ned, frq.;1'1«n-1'ai don " n~eful thing, bdi-ha; dWl ngift. of fortune, rnyM-pa 'to obtain it; d,iCA9"Mb mcdfJ -9i dOli tbe excellency of thehighest perfcction; hence dQII-d« postl" c.genit. 1. for, for tIle good or tho benefit of;2, for the sake of, on account of; c. genit.of inf. in order to, tliat; 3. rnrcly: in theplace of, instead of, against, for, Za6 rnkyyi don·du o(&OiI-ha to sell food for moneyMil. - ,I, in a gencrnl sense: affair, concern,bUsiness, f'ati-(f/l} Jon one's own affair~,

ODC'S OWIl interest (cf. n. 3); r::UII-(Y!J1} dOlithe intere6t of otbers; nlso meton, {or dis·interestedness illii. ($Ilk. ~); don 711/1,;ba3 on account of much business (syn. bulb(3) D:J; chief or main point (ni f.), }',Q..

ba-ny-pu; dOIl-I'IWIIl3 mdol' klli-ba to sumup the princil,al points of iDedicnl science;cus dOll pum-{a odits-te )'eligion lleinj:( redu~d to three maiu poiolS,.(i ~. i!,(lV, gifl)

'~l I .... Y

Gil'.; ,Ion "p'Mb-]!I', or o!JrllQ..pa to Iotulll 1111:Iffnir, to obtnin one'N tlld, 10 Ilu.ill 1.11

Impl'ine!<$. - 5. in :I1l:&tmny I/IJI' I,;a are;

the hearl, lungs, liver, spleen, II/Ill kidneyl.\1/1./.; cf. ~II()(I, - 6, document, lcid..JlJn •written Contrl\Cl, Ilgreemellt; h:(d)-,/Qu "leller (to an inferior llerson).

Compo ,MII.blll. dOli dm' bllilrpu 1. usefUl, profitable, expedien~ c.g, (.iff 1'I.t/Y. 2. enjoying an advantage. :I. haviDI( n certAin"cn~e. - (/01/-/11(111I a merchant ('.; dl'ul da,;Mdn ·pai dQII_mf,i'l -Jay most honourablemerchants! - dolHldy 1. SeA. businel! , af~

fnirs(?). 2. col. _ doll 1. dwl.-(/dm (~ri),

the true sense, subjectively: good earnest,('0) lV. ydiJ3-pa man dOll-dum yi" it is not("aid in) jest, bllt ;n good earnest; objectivf'ly: dIJll-llum-p(U' db!pr~lIlid in trutli,(nfter :til, upou the wbole, ill the cnd), itis nil the SlliDe Gram.; d01I.-(//im mum-par,;/I-pai Co& Gil'. prob, _ dOIl-dd"rJHli lxlb~

pa absolutc truth lVI'S. (2\.13); in Inter timM= 3loli-pa'1lyid Trigl. 20: Mil. - ·don-4w·IV. (lit.-olm\:S) _ &-doll~

1" don lIum. fllr lxllil/-CU, dOIl-rCifJ eLe•...., 71, 72 etc. to 79.~..::J. dOn - pu for ot~II-r GIl'. in ODe

passage, pr()\'. ID C.:':r?::r l/oo-l/&b, Job-lId/, 3ml',i-ba to talk, -r sluff, nonsense $c/l._~. do", the brown bear; ,Mm-bll I. &11., the cub of :1 benr, 2. ('.: I\. speeiellof blnek dogs, re"embling II bcar.

:.~.:.~. Mill-Mill (.I.: onlllUlentll.) fringes1 , lumgillg down from the !leek of;llIol":>e; Wdli: mi-tOfJ rtli·yi d/)"j-{/Qm ollra.~"'fr- 110m _ra screen, shade fl>r the eye.;...,,"1 ....

1 and the like &Il.:.-::'. IloJ' a pair of dl'l\lIght cattle; !Jlwj-t/Qr,..... :I yoke of oxen

~':f' dOr-1m \'. 0'/&""00.

~'.;f. dor-1II1l breeches, tl'1lwsers, dOl'-fio.,..... short breeches, ,w-,1,. long ,{1'Il'll'CN,trow~eN l.i,: 311a111-t./I),' from 3HIIIII-hU; dor~I't/l 1. t1mt I,;ut of the bu.'Cciles whieh C(I\'eNthe pri\')' I,nrts. ,'. rtil; !"'!I'_5<I~moi r/Orrt(1 dn ra. ,run, "lrIlI-I'1 ilaH Wit"., tile

260

dol '^!* drag-pa

middle part of a widow's drawers pre-

vents epilepsy and heals wounds. 2. W.= dor-ma?

sfprdol 1. net, esj). fishing-net, *tdm-pa*to spread, to fix it 6'., W.

; (nya-)dol-

pa a fisherman, cf. fdol-pa. 2. W. stew-

pan.- - 3. dol fcod - pa to split, to cleave

Sch.

j*vr dos a load (of a beast of burden) that

has to be carried by compulsory ser-

vice, without being paid for; h'al-dos id.;

ja-dos a load of tea carried in this manner;dos Ogel-ba to load (on), to pack, dos Jbogs-

pa (not Opog-pa 6's.) to unload; dos-pa a

conductor of such loads 6s., dos-dpon the

leader of a caravan of such loads; dos

drag -pa 1. Mil. prob.: hard compulsory

service; 2. perh. also: severe in exacting it,

e.g. a feudal lord.

2--S>- rr'fr drd - ci,drdn - ci Pur. a flat

basket.

drd-pa a small copper coin, used in

the western part of the Himalaya, a

thick paisa, of the value of half a penny.

r-q-drd-ba I. sbst. grrgr, 1. grate, lattice;

net, net -work, lus-la drd -bar Jbrel

(the veins) are spread throughout the bodylike net-work S. g. ;

rus -pai drd - ba the

frame-work of bones, the skeleton Thgy.',

^od-zer-gyi drd -la a pencil or aggregateof rays of light (lit. lattice-work of rays)

Glr.; dra mig id., esp. col.; Icdgs-(kyi)

dra(-mig} iron railings; grate; gridiron ; ryyd-dra wooden rails, fence 6'., W.; dra-(ba)

pyed(-pa) Lex., Glr. 'half-lattice', technical

term for a kind of silk ornament; drd-

ba-can latticed, grated; dra -lag -drd -lag-

can having many forked ends or branches,

of the horns of a stag. 2. a bag made

of net-work 6s, dra-pdd, dra-cun id.

3. the web of water-fowls.

II. vb., pf. dras, W. *de-ce*, to cut,

clip, lop, dress, prune, pare (leather, cloth,

paper, wings etc. with knife or scissors);

also fig.: pai mih-nas drds-te borrowing

(a syllable) from the father's name Glr.

(twice); cf. also Tar. 107, 13; *feb-(!he-

pa* C. one that cuts the strings (of a

purse) on his thumb, i.e. a cut-purse, pick-

pocket; gos-drds cloth cut out for a garment

6s.; dras-spydd scissors Sch,; dra-gri 6s.:

'a tailor's knife used for shears';drai (sic)

ro Sch., *(le-rug, fa-<]<j* W. dippings, cut-

tings, remnants.

drd-ma experienced, practised, learned

Sck.;so perh. Pth.

,where however

bra-ma and tra-ma is the usual form.

- a- dra-zu, or *dra-su* W. a small pan^^ with a handle; a ladle.

^q- efra/y 1. W; the post; any parcels or

^ '

goods conveyed by post, the Hind. ^rsj}.

- 2. expedient, profitable, of use, pul-ba

drag- gam will it be of any use, well-

applied, if I give? Mil.', ji byas kyaii ma

drag whatever I did, it was of no use

Pth.;na ci-ltar byds-na drag what course

will it be expedient to take? what shall

I do best? Pth.; *ci flhag, ghah flhag* C,

what is right? what is expedient? ndd-pa

drag-pas cog it is sufficient, if the patient

is getting better Mil.

__... drag-pa 1. noble, of noble birth 6'.,

*drdg-po':~ W.

;mi drag-pa, or merely

drag -pa, a nobleman; drag -rigs nobility,

gentry; drag-par byed-pa to raise to nobi-

lity, drag-par Ogyur-ba to become a noble-

man 6s.; drag-sos an inferior officer or ma-

gistrate 6's. 2. gen. drags -po, W. also

drag-can, (Ssk. rfte, ^q) strong, vehement,

violent cu drag -pa a rapid river, violent

current; brtson- grus drag-pa Jbdd-pa or

Odun-pa drag -pa unbending, unwearied

application; skad drag-pa a powerful voice;

Krims drag-pa a severe punishment; snyin-

rje drag yearning compassion; strong, for-

cible, of expressions or language ;moreover

an epithet of terrifying deities, particularly

of Siwa (Ssk. ^r), drag-mo fern.; zi rgyas

dbaii drag v. sub zi-ba. - - Adv. drag-tu

vehemently, violently, e.g. to pull, to lament,

to implore; hastily, speedily, e.g. to come

Wdn.', drdg-por, e.g. drdg-por bead -de

bkldg-par byao in reading a marked stop

should be made Gram.', ha-caii mi-drdg-

par very gently, softly; drdg-gis, dad-pa

to believe firmly Mil. - - 3. drag-pa pos-

260~-r dol

middle PRlt of t\ widow's dmwel's prevents el'ilepsy alld lleals woulld~. - 2. IV:- d6r-lIIU!~. ,loll. net, esp. fishing-lid, *r«m-/la·"1 to l;prcad, to fix it C., w.; (nyu-)t/dlpo. a fisherman, d. rrIOl-pa. - 2. IV. stewpan. - 3. dol reM .. pa to split, 10 cleave&h.~. (103 a load (of 1\ beast of burden) that'1 hns to he carried by cOlllpulsol')' service, without being paid for; llal-d6s id.;ja-<.lrit. 0 loUl] of tea Cl\rriM in tlli" manner;dos 0gel-lta to load (on), to pack, dos /mgs1/(1 (llot ciJdg-pa G\.) to unlond; (l~--pa aconductor of soch londs [S., (l~pon thelender of n ClirrlVl\ll of :,uch IOMs; «osdrafl- pIt 1. Mil. l'l"ob.: hard compulsoryse,""ica; 2. perh. llho: severe in exacting it,e.g. a feudal lord....~. "~:;:3' rlrti-ci, «,'d/j·ei 1~lr, n flat'::l '-< basket.:;'f" d,'<!-pu a small col'per coin, used ill

the westcrn part of the llimnbya, athick paisa, of the value of half a I,cnny.~'.:::r d,'d-ba 1. sh~t. :,mft', I. grate, lattice;

net, net.work, liIs-la (/rd-bar obrd(tile \'cins) nrc spread throughout the hodylike net-work S. v.; /'lis - pai dl'd - lx, theframe-work of bones, the !'kcleton TIi[JY.;~0<1-u"-9:Ji d,'d -fa a pencil or aggregateof rnys of light (lit. lattice-work of mys)Gll'.; d"a 1/Ii9 ill" esl), col.; Itu[l8-(k!Jl)dl'a(-l1lft/) iron railings; grate; gridiron; '1~'!JIi

(11'(1 wooden rails, fence ('" W:; dl'a' (00)J;!Jed(-pa) 1-eJ:" GIl'. 'lmlf-Iattice', technicnlterm for a kind of silk ornament; linJ·OO-can latticcrl, grated; dl'a·I«9-dnt-l«ytan ha\'ing mallY forked ends or umnche~,

of the born~ of n stag. - 2, II bag IDarle()f net-work (.s, (Ira-iu.M, .ll'a-ni,' id. 3, the weh of wllter-fowk

H, vh., pf. dras, W. -(li-U', to cut,clip, lop, dress, prun~, pare (lcather, cloth,paper, wing~ etc. with hife or scissors);also fig,: iJUi mii.·lIus dras-tt horrowing(n syllable) from tlte father's name Gil'.(twice); ef. also Tar, 107, 13; -{(b-~,/hf

pa- G. one tJmt cuts the strings (of a. /(

pllr!'e) em hill tlJUmb, i.e. a cut-purse, pickpocket; VONlflis cloth cut out for 0 gnrment(.8,; dra:JoSl'!Ja(1 scissors &1,,; dra-Vr; (8.:'0 tnilors IlOife used for shears'; drai (sic)1'0 Srlt., -(ft~rliy, (a-,.It,;" w. clippings, cuttings, remnants.-'5:1- d"a-lIIa experienced, practised, learned:4 Stk; so perIl. Ptk, wllere l'OWellCrbra-1ua and tm-mu is the usual form,-'a' Jra-::u, or -dm-slt- IV. a small I,rm~ witll II h'lllc.lle; a ladle.-l:tJ. dl'a.fJ 1, W. the post; any parcels or~ goods conveyed by post, the 11iml. TJ1I.- 2, expedient, profitable, of use, fllii- ba(1I'ri[I' yum will it be of Any use, wellapplied, if I gi\'e¥ Mil,; ji b1Ja8 J..'fJalI1I1adr0[l whatever 1 did, it wns of no usc1'tI,.; na (j./tar by~-lIa dray what coursewill it be cxpedient to tuke? what shallJ do best'!' ptl,.; -u 4lwfJ, 9ltall ~1I1U1' C,wliat ill right? wllat is eXllooieut? llad-pad"a9~/)(pj Cog it is sufficient, if the I'lllientis getting better Mil.-=ff=,f drav-pa I, noble, of noble birth C.,~ *dl'ag-po' lV.; 11Ii (Irfiy~pa, or merelydrag - ]la, a nobleman; dray - 'r{9s nobility,gentry; dray-pm' byM-pa to mise to nobility, druy"pal' o!J!Jin'-ba to lJeeome 0 noble1Il11ll (s.; dra,q-OOs an inferior officer or ma~i~tratc ('s. - 2, gen, (Irfigs-tlo, W. also(Iray·call, (&k. fu. "SlJ) strong, vehement,violent Cu dra[l -lJa a rnl,id ri\'cr, \'iolentcmTcnt; b,.tsoll-.,[jI'Us (Irag-pa obrid-pa orod'lII - pa drug _pa unbcnrling, unwcuricdfl.1'1,lication; skall dmg-pa a powerful \'Cice;lfri>M drag-pa n sc\'ere punisllIDc.llt; s7l!Jii,,Je drag yearning compns.<>ion; strong, forcible, of eXl'l'e~SiOllsor language; moreol'erall epithet of terrif)"ing deities, particularlyof Siwa (Ssk. q), (imO'11fO fem.; :i 1'!1!JIIS,If!w, dl"U9 \', sllb l::i-ba, - Ad\'. (1I'IIg'/uvehemently, violenlly, e.g. to flllll, to lnment,tn implore; hastily, speedily, e.g. to (:orncWrI,;,; l/"u9 - pm', e.f.\'. dray. pol' btU!! ~ (Ie6kld[l·par 6!J00 in reading 0 marked stop~hould be madc Gram.; Ita-cwi mi-drogpar I'cry gently, soflly; dl'<ig-glS, (iud.pato believc firmly Nil. - 3, dt'0!tP(~ pos-

961

ing a quality in a high degree, ////,/-

<lr<t<i-i><t Sf,f. very poisonous. 4. symKnum. 11.

Comp. draii-iKiil, \. dr<'<i-it<id, gout.-

drag -rteal-tan <lrj -/n/, <.f deities.

dru<i-;dn strong and weak, .,'. the relative

force of sound Gram.', also high and low,with respect to rank. --

drag - .v// fright-

fulness, drwi-xul-i-un frightful, terrible, power-ful

; cruel, frq., yet chiefly with respect to

the power manifested by gods and sor-

cerers. --drag-yscd lit. 'cruel hangman',

a terrifying deity v. Schl. Ill, 214.

J^pr<lra

ils adv - verY> mucn ' greatly, ma/i-

dratjs Mil. very much; adj. much,

strong, intense, bza-btun-drags eating and

drinking a great deal S.g.; dran-drdgs an

intense, most vivid, remembrance of a per-son Mil., an ardent longing or desire; dga-drdf/s-nas being very happy, highly rejoiced^' ' ('> Oyyod-drdgs-nas feeling deep re-

pentance Mil.; bsten drdgs-na ifone continues

it too long S.g.

C" draft, a kind of bear Sch.

drdii-po (^ja) straight 1. not de-

viating from the direct course, not

rooked or oblique, %, lam etc. frq.; lus

drdii-iK) jog -pa to sit straight; */ca bub-

nv ddn-po c6 - ce* W. to place a thing

straight or upright again;*fed-la ddii-po*

W., horizontal. -- 2. right, e.g. lam, opp.to log -pa.

-- 3. sincere, honest, upright,

truthful, drdfi-poi ran-bzin-can-i/i/f j\i/ir be-

cause they have an upright character Dzl.;las drdii-po good actions, righteous deeds,

opp. to rtsub-po violent, unjust Stg.; Krims

dra/t-po i. a just sentence, righteous judg-

ment, opp. to log-pa. 2. applied to men,with regard to their acting according to

justice and the law (v. /,>/w,s); cfa-dntn-

l>" honest, upright, with respect to religionand the divine law; also drdn-po alone,whenever it is not to be misunderstood,

may be used for our just. dra,'/ -/>/,

tsig drdit-i>or xmrd-ba to be candid, to speakthe truth, frq. draii-don v. ties-pa extr.

dr<in-l> human .

partly as Dewas. and ut any rat- a- Lndowrd with niiraruloii- p<,\vei> />:/.

f,,,.

'-'. At present the Lama that <-H.-i.-

tbym-treg is stated to bear that name, andwhilst he is attending to the sacred rite^.

he is not allowed to eat anything but //-,//-

-'/* (v. dkar-po). --3. symb. num.: 7.

" <ll'

<' >'- <ll'

i I-It- the beam of a pair of

scales. Hind. -^^\.dran -pa I. vb.

^,1. to think Of.

c. accus., with or without ////-/, gen.to think of past events, to remember, re-

collect, call to mind, drin benefits, v. ///// :

byuit-ba-rnams that which has happenedGlr.; more emphatically: rjes-su drdn-pafrq.; but also dkon-mcoy drdn-pa to think

of, to remember, God; sdwj-jto yd/t-ba de

ma drdn-pa yin do not think of, do not

trouble yourself about, future evils Mil. ;

bskyis-par mi drdn-no I do not recollect

having taken anything on credit I):t. ; <lr<in-

pa tsdm-gyis as soon as one thinks of it.

quick as thought Tligr.', so-so-nas. . . drdn-

par gyis sig every body should think of . . .

Dzl. (the simple imp. seems not to be

used); (rjes-su} drdn-par bynl-jHi also: to

remind of, to put in mind of, to revive the

memory Of,= drdn-dn cJ ?///-/', drtin-skiil

Injnl-jHi Lt\i: 2. to become conscious of.

to recollect, rmi-lam a dream /V/< : drdn-

par Ogyiir-bd to recover one'> -eiiM-s to

be one's self again !);(.: ciait mi drdH-JKIinsensible Dzl. ; /;// dnin-fmi ,<'></-tn after

they had become in-en>ible I>:1. .'>. to

think of with love or affection, to be attached

to, to long for, i'-nia for the mother o>l.:

Vm-w ;/w* ir. love, affection, attachment:

<lr<in-incog-rje deure.-t Sir! Mil.

II. >I>st. ^jf?i, ^j-^,1. remembrance, re-

collection, reminiscence; memory fnj.: drdn-

pa ysdl-po A retentive memory. 2. con-

SCiOUSnesS. xfor is lost: fugs drnn-nnd-tlu

tint -f>\f-

~:s",ing II Clllllli~}' ill l\ higll dt:grw, ,luy.(J,'f1y-]J(1 Sty. "cry poisonous. - 4. syl1lbIllUll. II.

Compo ,/my-lIlid, v. ,b'tfj-Ill/(f, gout. _drlly- '·{&I.f -eml - dl'l;!I-11O, of dcitic~. _dl'(l[l-:,itl strong and weak, e.g. the reluti\'cforce of sound Gralll.; also high and low,with respect to fMk. - dmy _w!il fright.fulness, (/I'II!J.JIII.~ml frightful, terrible, power.ful; eruel, frq., yet chieJl)' witli resl,cet tothe power manifested by gods nod sorcerers. - dl'(l9-rJ~llit. 'cruel bangman',1\ terrifying deity \', ScM. 111,214.~~"t' (11'(1.'13 ndy. very, much, greatty, mo,i.

drll!J8 Mil. very mUCh; ndj. much,strong, intense, b:a-btun-dmys eating nllddrinking l\ grent denl S.9'; ,frail-drags nnintense, most vivid, remcmbl'aucc of II per.son Mil., fill ardent longing or dcsire; IlgaIlrdgNIa8 being \'ery happy, highly rejoiced1't1/, C.; 09yod-d"dgB-naB fecling deep repentRDce Mil.; bstmdrugHlaifollcC'ontinuesit too long S.g.

~f:': drw, l\ kind of bellr ScI,.

5,C::tf dl'(j,j_po (~) straight I. not de.... viatiog from "the direct course, oot

rooked or oblique, fig, Imn etc. frq.; fllB

dl'a';-/HJ Jdg-pa to sit straight; -/fa bub71t! •.lti,i -lKJ Cd - ct" iV. to plnce l\ thillgstraight or llllrigbt ngain; -fM-ia (ld,iiKJIV:. horiO':ontal. - 2. ri9h~ c g. lam, opp.

to fOg - 1'a. - 3. sincere, honest, upright,truthfUl, dl'd,i-IKJi rali-b::in-~allllyi liyil' becausc tl.ey hAvc nn IIprigh~ charActer D::l.;1m d/"/il'-po good Actions, rightMus {Ieecls,01'11• to I't3M)-PQ \'iolent, unjust Sfg.; f"jmBIlra';-llll I. a just sentence, righteous judgmen~ 01'1" to .tog-pa. - 2. Applied to men,with regArd to their acting n•.:rordillR tojustice lind thc lAW (\'. ~'dm,); WB-tl,.wi/)1) honest, uprigh~ with resllCct to religionnnd tho divine In",'; nlso dn;I' - po nlone,whene\'cr it is not to be misunderhtood,may he lIsed for our just. - 111'0.'; _pm',fsig dl'/j,j-!IO/" stljl'a-ba to be candid, to speakthe truth, frq. d"a,i-tlon v. itb-pa extr.~':::I' dl'al•.fH1 L abhtnlCt noun to I//'fi,,-

pc, 2, pf. to odrbl-pa.1 ..-l

2!;1-".," I .~-1"'" I run-!"I

:iC'~:;' ,11'1111-/,,-&';. '¥f1f, I. a holy bermit,nn orl1l'r oC meu, intrOlllleed frum

Bntlllnl\niHn into Bu,ltIhi,m. The~ k1iuuAre 100ke,1 upon pltrtlJ M IIu1llin tJeillg",Pi\rtly Ill; De....·M, Ilnll at IllY rA1I' I~ 'X'ingendoweu with JlliraeulOIl~ l'0weu 1r.1. fnl.- :!. At present tile J,mnll thllt Oll'CDs".'1ill-sl'ty is statcu to b('1lr that nlme, lindwhilst he is attending to the 8II(Ted rite....be is not allowed to Cl\t ullythillg hut ,lJ:ur::as (\', dka,..po). - 3, s}·mb. nl/IIl.: 7~~.~' d,'llll-dri U •. the beam of a pair of

scales, Jlil/d, 1:f1(f).

51':.j· Ill'a'l -1m I: vb. .,-.. J. to, think of,c. accl/~.> WIth or wlthouty'II-lll, gen.

to think of pa.:.t (',"cnls, to remembet', recollect, call 10 mind, III·ill benefits, v, drill:byli,i-ba_l"IW'/lJ that which hAS halli'l.'lledGlr.; more Clllphnticlilly: r)a-Blt ,/l'a,,_)'"frq,; but also dJ..·QJI-mCdy dl'all·IJa to thinkof, to remember, God; BIllig-lID .ydli-bQ dt'ilia drall-lJa yill do Ilot think of. do Ilottrouble yourself about, future e,·ils ;Ilil.;kJ.yiB_pal' mi aran-I/O J do l\0~ rcoolle<:thaving taken anylbing on credit D:I,; dr';I1fa IBtim-!JIJi3 l\S soon u:s one think" of it,quick as thought 'J'''{I'',; BO-3d--'III$ .• , dra~lIar !J!lilJ U!J cI'ery body slltll/ld think of ...D::/, (the simple imp. seems 1I0t 10 bcused); (,jilJ-m) drd'l-pal' 0J&l-pa nlso: toremind of, to put in mind of, to reyive thememory of,'" IInin_Ilu J;'!J'}'II, dl'ml-J""l"pM-pli l..t..r. - t, to become conscious 01.to recollect, rmj-lam A dl"(!:'IlD HI•. : dranlJaI" o!J!l'h' - ba to fcco\'"er olle'il S('1I:>c;I, tobe one's self ;\glliu ]);1.; 811ft 1/li IIl'an-l'"inscnsible D:l.; lIIi "''Ii,l_p"i .Oy-tlt lifterthe)' IInel ucrome ill~en,ible /):1. - :1. tothink of with love or affection, 10 be attachedto, to long for, u-.,Il/. for tlie ulotlll~r col.:-d"IUI_si'm- W. loye, aff!Ction, altachnteflt;dl'u.n-mlog.r)c deare.,t Sri Mil.

] L hbst. ,-f1'l". 'Vll:. J. remembrance. recollection, remlllilcence; memory (fIl': ,fNi,l_lla )'lII.il-jKJ n retelltjn~ melUof)·. - 2, con,sciousness, BiOI' is lost: (lIfP drWI.IlIiJ-I'Ufim-INI to Jo~e one's sen'e~, I'\'~I', MH.;dl'lIIl-fIIld-dil/'Y!I,i{-pa id.: Ilrl;II-I'(I Nlyl;I

" 0 leI""

262

dral

pa to recover one's senses Pth.; yso

- ba

id.; dran- dzin-med-pa being out of one's

senses (with joy) Glr.; self-possession, con-

sideration, dran-med without consideration,

inconsiderate;sems-can smyon-pa-dag drdn-

pa so - sw rnyed insane persons regainedthe respective faculties of their minds S.O.,

drdn-pa yzuns-pa prob. quickness of ap-

prehension, good capacity; drdn-pa nydms-

pa weak-minded; dran-yod, dran-lddn,

remembering, being in one's senses 6s.;

dran-ses for drdn-pa dan ses-rdb Mil.;

*dkfm-pa man-po Ko-la sar* C. he is

uneasy, troubled, full of scruples and ap-

prehensions.

T dral 1. v. Icam-mo. 2. v. Odral-ba.

3. for gral.

r dral-tse a kind of courier or messen-

ger 6s.

J" dras v. dra-ba II.

r- dri, col. also dri-ma, odour, smell, scent,"^

dri-zhn(-po), dri-bsuu Dzl. an agreeable

smell, sweet scent; dri -bzdn(-po') 1. id.,

2. 6k. also saffron; dri- nan, prob. also

dri-log, W. *dri sog-po*, Cs. dn-mi-zim an

unpleasant smell, a stench; dri bro-ba to

exhale an odour Glr.; *di num-pa or nom-

pa* to inhale an odour ; W. : *kyur-di,

nyin-di, duy-fli, me-di, riil-di, hdm-di rag*I perceive a sour, stale, burnt, smoky,

putrid, mouldy smell; *fsig-di, zob-di* a

smell of burnt food, burnt wool; dri Ina

five odours or perfumes used in offering;

dri - Ka Sch. : urinous smell (?) ;dri - ndd

vapour, exhalation, fragrance; dri-can Ite-

ba bag of the musk-deer; musk Wdn.;dri-cu scented water, perfume 6's. (yet cf.

dri-ma), dri-cen a medicinal herb Lt.

dri -ytsaii

-Kan, *[*&(&, a sacred place, a

chapel, conjectures about the etymologyof the word v. Burn. I, 262. dri- dzin

po., the nose. --dri-za, also dri-za-mo

fem., -j^-^ an eater of fragrance, in Brah-

manism the heavenly musicians, and so also

in Buddhism painted as playing OK guitars,

but usually (in accordance with the ety-

mology) thought to be aerial spirits, that

5<3T drin

feed on odours of every description. Theyare supposed not only to be fond of flowers

and other fragrant objects, but also to visit

dunghills, flaying-places, shambles etc., the

various substances of which are accordingly

dedicated to them (cf. ytor-md). The in-

sects, swarming about such places, the

Tibetan believes to be incarnated dri-za.

- dri-zai groii(-Kyer} mirage, fata morgana.

r'n* dri-ba question, dri-ba Odri-ba to ask"^ a question, mi-la a person; dri-bai

Ian, dris-ldn, answer; dri-rtog ma man

Mil., C., *dhi gya ma jhe or ce* 6s., don't

ask long! do not ask many questions!

dri-bo an enchanter, sorcerer, magician,

dri'-mo enchantress, witch Mil.

^'J* dri-ma, j^T, 1. dirt, filth, impurity;

excrement, ordure; lag-(pai) dri(-ma)

marks left by dirty fingers on books etc.;

snd-dri mucus, snot, snivel S.g.; dri-ma

yzum the three impurities, excrement, urine,

sweat; but sometimes more are enumerated ;

frq. fig.: nyes-pai, nyon-mohs-pai, fca-na-

ma-fo-bai dri-ma; dri-ma kun zdd-nas

after all impurities have been put off Dzl.;

dri-cu 1. urine, Odor-ba to urinate Glr. ;

res- ga ran-byun-gi dri-cu sten sometimes

(in my extremity) I had recourse to myown water Mil. -- 2. v. sub dri. dri-

cen feces of the intestinal canal. -- dri-

ma -can dirty, sluttish, as to dress; dri-

ma-med-pa clean, cleanly. 2. for dkri-

ma, v. dkri-ba.

^r- drin Cs. = 'drin kindness, favour;' yet,"^

yzan drin mi ^jog Lex., yzdn

-gyis

drin - la mi Ojog- cin ran -

gi cos zugs-so

Dom. ? One dictionary renders it by THir^T,

knowledge; certainty, faith, confidence

^r- drin, resp. bka-drin, rarely sku-drin^ '

Glr., kindness, favour, grace, bld-mai

drin -gyis by the grace of my Lama, of

my spiritual father, of my patron saint

Mil.;in addressing a person, kyed (or fcyod)-

kyi bka-drin -gyis is gen. used; mai drin

benefits conferred by a mother Thgy. ; drin-

can, drin-ce kind, gracious, benevolent;

benefactor, drin - can pa - md the parents,

these benefactors; drin-can mar-pa, Marpa

262

~..:r Jml

IJf~ to n:cover onc's scnses HI!.; psd _buid.; dran-od::in-rm}d-pa being out of ODf~'S

senses (with joy) Gir.; setl·posscS3ion, con·sideration, dl'an-mAl without consideration,inconsiderate; $/?II$-can 8111yOll'pa-day uranpa IJ{) - SOl' rnyed inS-'me persollll regoinedthe rcspective fuculties of tlteir miods S.O.,(lrun-pa rUliis-pa I)roh. quickness of upllrehensioD, good capacity; drdn-pa 'fIydllllJlJa weak - minded; dran - ydd, d''(ln _ ldan,remembering, being in one's sensell es.;(!nllt- 3h for drdn - pt~ duii ~cs _J'db Mil.;·111flll - pa mal; - 1/(1 J10 - la sal'· C. lIe isuucasy, troublcd, full of scruplcs and npprehensions.

5.1:.I.drall. v.li;mn-lII(1. 2. v. odrai-ba."" 3. for gral.~1:.I·3~ dral-tse u kind of courier or messeD-

gel' (.~.

~~. dras v. (/ra-ba II.

s::-. dri, col. also dd·ma, odour, smell, scent,~ d,..i-zlm(1IO), dri-bslj,j D:;l. an ugrceablesmell, sweet scent; fbi-b::Jli(-po) 1. id.,2. U. also saffron; dri-lian, prob. olso(Iri-My, n~ ·d,; 80110., U. dri-mi-b'm anunpleasnnt smell, a slench; dli lir&-bu tocxhale an odour Glr.; .~lj mim-pa or 110mpa. t{) inhule an odour; JV.: ·kyur - {Ii,nyili-l/i, duy-(li, 1'Ile.(H, rlil-fji, luillwfi raftI perceivc u sour, stole, burnt, smoky,putrid, mouldy smell; ·hiy-{fi, ;oo-{U" asmell of burnt food, burnt wool; d,'i [,iufive odours or perfumes used in offering;ari - Ka Se!J.: urinous smell (?); dt; - riMvapour, exhalation, fmgtaueei dri-eall lte.ba bag of the musk - deer; mu~k Wdn.;dri-eu scented water, perfume (,11. (yet cf.dri-ma), dri-cen u mediciual hE.'I·b U. dri - f(sa,l - Nan, ~it, a sacred place, achapel, conjectures ~out the etymologyof thc word v. Bwon.I, 262. - dri-oddnpo., the nose. - dri-::a, also dri-::a-1l/ofern.,~ an eater 01 fragrance, in Brllhmn.nislll the heavenly musicians, and so alsoiu BuddLism rninted as r1aying on-ltuitarS,but usually (in accordance with the etymology) thought to be a&jaJ spirits, j.ha~

~~ drin

fecit 011 odours of every descrirtion. Theyarc supposed not only to be fond of Rowersand other fragrant objects, but also to visitdunghills, flaying-places, shambles etc., tilevarious substances of which are accordinglydedicat('d to dIem (cf. rtor.·ma). The insects, swarming about sueh places, theTibetn.o bclic"es to bc inclU'oated drka.- dl'i-::ai gro,i(-~:'1cr) mirage, lata morgana.~',::r dri-ba question, drUm od/'f-oo to ask

II qucstion, mi-la a person; dri-bailan, dris - {dn, answer; dn - rtdfJ ma mllliMil., C., ·~l!d yya fila jlw or ce· eso, don'task long! do not ask many questions!~'::f dl'i·fx, an enchanter, sorcerer, magician,

d/'l.;'m(l enchantress, witch Mil.<;::'5i' (Id-ma, lffll', l. dirt, filth, impurity;~ excrement, ordure; lag-(pai) (lI'i(-ma)marks left by dirty nugers 011 books ele.;snd-dli mucus, soot, snivel S.y.; drf-lIIaf::WII the three impurities, excrement, unne,sweat; but sometimes more are cnumerAted i

Irq. fig.: 11y.!s-pal~ 11}IWI-m&ns-pai, Ita-na'IIIu-f&-ool dd-ma; dri-ma kun ::dd-naslifter all impurities llllve bcen IJut off Dd.;dri-cu 1. urine, odJr - ba to urinaw Glr.;doS-09u l'ali-b.'fWi-yi dri-eu slen sometimes(in my extremity) 1 hnd recourse to myown wllter Mil. - 2. v. sub dri. - {lri·cen feces of the intestiulll cnnal. - dri'1IIa - catl dirty, sluttish, as to dress; drilIIa-mM-pa c1enn, clconly. - 2. {or d~"i

'111(1, Y. dkli-ba.~I:: driii (;. _ 'drin kindness, lavour;' )'et,~ r:an {/Ii,i lIIi Jog Lex., rzan -gyisdrhi ·la mi .Jog - (;i,i raii. gi Cos ZltYS-so./JQm.1 One dictiouary renders it by ~,knowledgc; certainty, faitlt, confidence~. drin, resp. bka-dr(n, rarely sJ..1l-d,.ill~ Glr., kindness, favour, grace, bid -1IIaidl'in - yyis by the gmce of my Lama, ofmy spiritual £'\ther, of my plltron SUilltMil. i in uddrQSsing a person, kyal (or Etpl}~yi bka-dl'in.gyif is gen. used; mai {b·inbenefits conferred by l~ mother '17,yy.; ddnCall, drin- It! kind, gracious, benevolent;benefactor, d,-in - can ]la -md the pllrents,Ih~~Defnctors; ddn-ran4>iI;''-pu, Ml\rpl~

5*

full of grace (Milnrnspa's Lama); he Odi-

Id ilrin (/ -\il.sraii-iji ma yin the greatest

benefactress for this life is one's own

mother; b6d-la bka-drin n'-/>a lays-so this

turned out the greatest benefit for Tibet

(Hi-.; a-ma drin-a'n kindest mother! (saysa king to a wonder-working female saint)

/'/A.,- tlrin drdn-pa as a vb., to acknowledgea kindness, to feel obliged; as a sbst. thank-

fulness, gratitude Tlxji/.; Kyod-kyi drin rtdy-ttt dran-pas as I shall always feel greatly

obliged to you Dzl.; dei bka-drin drdn-

(iii full of thankfulness towards him DzL;drin r)i'd-pa unmindful of obligations;drin yzo-ba, drin-du yzo-ba, drin-ldn yldn-

I'n. drin-ldn bsdb-pa, W. *din-zo tan-ce*

to return benefits, to show one's self grate-

ful; drin fzo-ziii Ian byao you shall not

have done it for nothing DzL; drin-ldn-

du as a gift made in return, a return-

present

(drib-sil) *dib-xil*, a corrupt form

for dril-buysil, Ld., yycr-lia.

drim (spelling?) stump, trunk, of a tree

or plant, deprived of top and branches

Ld.CV

^Q/ driu \. dre.

CQJ dril, gen. dril-bu, bell; dril sroy-pato ring the bell; to publish by ringing

a bell; dril -Ice the tongue of a bell, the

clapper; dril-yzuys the body of a bell 6s.,

Glr.: dril-*(jrd the voice or sound of a bell,

peal of bells; dril-Ka.it bell-tower, belfry;

dril -steys the frame of timber, on which

bells are suspended.

dril-ba \. dril-lxi.

"

(Iris-pa v. Odri-bu.

drti-bu yru-bu, grit-gu, a clue or

ball, of wool etc.

dnty num. six, druy-pa, druy-po cf.

dgu\ yi-ge driiy-pa or -ina the prayerof the six letters, the Ommanipadmehfnn,

Glr.; driiy-cu sixty; drity-cu-rtsa-yciy ( \V.

*dug-cu-re-Hg*}, or re-ycig, sixty one;

drny -bi'yyd six hundred; druy- ston six

thousand; druy-cu-skor a cycle of sixty

years. drug-tgra the so-ralled artirl,-,

presenting itself in the following six form -:

pa, ba, ma, po, bo, mo.

rzn-rrn^- rcn-r^- drug -dkdr, drug-

dmdr, two sorts of

turkoise 6*.

r^- <lnni the space near, andes|). before

>i a person or thing, po- bruit -gi drim

ydit-na-ba da Odii(/-nas alighting on tin-

place before the palace DzL W, 3; g-n.\vith na, du, nas. i. adv. near to, near by,

to or at the side of, before, to, off from;

<lrit/t-du rtog-pa to examine personally,face to face, orally DzL] druri-du

^yi->'>-l><>

to go near or up to. 2. postp. c. genit.

(less corr. c. accus.), friit-gi druii-na near,

or under the tree, driiii-du id.; to or toward-

the tree; druti-nas away from (the tree);

ryydl-poi dru/i-du to the king, before, in

presence of (coram) the king; druit -pa,

resp. sku-druii-pa, one standing near, a

waiting man, a page in ordinary' .. drfin-

J>-or train, retinue. driin-ynus-i>n com-

panion, associate. driin-yiy(-pa} secretary.- dn'(A- fso-ba private physician, physician

in ordinary C's. When preceded by zabs

it becomes a respectful term, e.g. in the

direction of a letter, where it stands for

our to' (lit.'to the feet of N.N:).

drfu'i-po 1. prudent, sensible, judicious.

wise Mil., in conjunction with ycdii-

po\ so also Pt/i. )'caii- druit -Idan -

pa.

2. sincere, candid 6'. - - 3. diligent?

drm'tx root, of rare occurrence; druiis

(-nas)pyuri exterminated, destroyed

root and branch, LAT.

..--..p.. driins-pa clarified, clears*.; bze*-

^, drnns resp. for can, beer, 7a.

-- dmd 1. v. Odrud-pa. 2. dntd-dn'id

^>^

pelican *SV7*.

'J' diid>-pa v. Odrub-pa.

^riun-pa to have a strong desire, to

long, languish, pine, for, >/*

^'^* dri'is-ma millet Mi.

^-dre Ts., dreit /^.r., <liu Lh., drel Glr.,

"^mule, dre-poj jto-dre he -mule, dri-

mo-dre she-mule.

yenrs. - tf,'ug-lljfli the I(l-ralled IIrtid""pffilellting it.'>Clf in tile following .ix forlll/!:IHI, btl, 1/1(1, ]10, 00, '00.

-::;r71~, ~l:lJ'-~:;- I!rug - dkdr, dnJ!I~ 1 ~ 1 dmdr, two sorts oflurkoise G,.5t:: (/1'111" the slmce near, IIl111 esp. before~ a person or tbing, ]',0- fmj,j _gi (I/"'IWg(lr;-1la.lXl dff .,Mg_nal Aligilting on tl,cIlbce before the I'l'Ilnee D::l. ?'t~, 3; gt·lI.with lIa, du, mill. I. I\d\·. near 10, near by,10 or al the side of, before, to, off from;ridui-(Iu rt6!f-]H£ kl eXRluinc l'etllOnlllly,face to f:lce, orally D::i.; d,'u,;../" o!!,v:.bato go nenr or up to. :!. postll' r. genit.(less corr, c. nccus.), ii';'gi d,·u"-na nenr,or under the tl'CC, (lniiH_hl id.; to or townrtlsthe tree; (/riuj-Jl(lI awa)' from (tIle tlX'e);I'fJydi-poi dr/ui_tlll to tl,C king, before, illpresence of (coram) the king; tid,,; -]'(1,

resp. BI..,t-,ln',j - ]la, one stnnding nenr, awaiting man, a page in ordinary 0. - dri/lt.,1.'01' train, retinue, - driui_PlUl_pt. companion, associate. - drUl....!!i!J(-pa) secretary.- d,.,i,j-"fso-ba privale physician, pltJsici:1IIin ordioary G" When preceded bJ .tabeit becomes n respectful term, c.g. in thedirection of a letter, where it stl\nds forour 'to' (lit. 'to the feet of N,1\·. ').

-C::f tb:i"i-ro. l ..prude~t,sen.sible, !udiCi.O~S,;a wise 11111., III conjunctIon With }'rUli]XI; so nlso l'th. rC(l/i-ddll;-k!wi·l>1£·~. sincere, candid C - 3, diligent?-c::.~' dl''''''$ rtlot, of mre occurrence; IIrll'"~" (-,uUl)J'yuli extcrlllinRted, t1t:'StroJe.1root nnd branch, I.u.-c::.~r=r t!r,il;a-pa clarified, clear (~.; b:ts·~ drll"3 resp. for ?"wi, beer, '/'$.__. (1I'm' 1. \' . •,lrod-]XI. - 2. rlrwl«l.lril,1~\ pelican &h.5~':r Ilnib-prl v• •ddlb-J'("

~~.~. (Irum-Pll to have it strong desire, 10~ long, languish, pine, fur, &11,

~~.~. dru3-IIw millet sa,.::-, (Iu '}'$" df'ell /..u., (Iill LA., ,'rtl Gir.,4 mule, dd-Jto, litJ-<lrt he_llIule, drMlll,ffla-dlo. she-ruule.

(drib-iJil) ·rjib-Mt-, II corrupt formfor dril-bu )".i/, LlI., - r!Jl'.r-A'a,

~~. drill, (';llClling?) slump, trunk, of ll. treeor plant, depli\'ed of top aDd brnnches

Ld. -

~' drill V. tIrt!.

~C4' dl-il, gen, drU-bu, bell; drit 1I'0g - I'a::i to ring the belt; to publislL by ringingn bell; lln/-lct the tongue of l\ beU, thecll\pper; rln"l-}'::ufp thc body of n bell 01.,Gir·.; dril-lfJl'(i the voice or sound of n bell,peal of bclls; dri/-A'fllj bell-tower, belfry;dril_ ail:!!a the fmUle of timber, on whichbells a.re suspended.~

~I:.l'~' dl'i/-oo \'. •lIn1-lm.~

~~r=r dria-I)(/, Y. "tlrl-ba,

-'~r dn"'lJu = fJro-bu, gnj - fJll, a tlue or;a ball, of wool etC',-::1'1: dnl{} num. six, drug - pa, dnig-po cf.;a -I dgu; .1Ji-gt dnjg-pa or -1IIa the I,myerof the six letter,., the Omml\llipndrnellllJU,Glr.; druf}-i:u sixty; Ib'lig-i:u-r/$/l-)'Hg (II':·(/lIg-rll."I'-NgO), or ,·t-rN" sixt)' OIlC;

tTl'lIY _bryyri s;ix hundred; drug - ItdJi s;i.xthuus:\ud; dl'ug-ffi ..BhJ,· a ,,>,e11tf! six~.

full of ~rllcc (~Iilllrasll~'s J,lInll~); {Ill "di1(1 driN ce-aOI nlti-gi 7/1« yiJI the grentestbenefactress for tbis life is one's ownmother; ixkl-la bhwlriPl ~ba 1ag_ thisturned out the greatest benefit for TibetGlI'.; «-1IIa dd1l-CC7' kindest mother! (says:\ king to II wonder-working femnle sll.iut)PIll.; dn'/I (11'«11-]'(& nll a \'b., to acknowledgea kindness, to feel obliged; us n. sbst. thankfulness, gratitude 'i'/,!!!!.; I!yM-I"!Ji ddtl rtaf}til. dnin-p<l& liS I shall nlwlI}'s feel grentlyobli~ed to you D::l.; (lei !Jka _llril1 dnillH,; full of thnnkfulne"s townrds bim D::l.;ddll 'lid -])(/, unmiudful of obligntions;drill Fd-&t(, drin-llu i'::o-lxt, drill-Mn Oldllpll, drill-lUll fmib-pa, IV, ·~/iJI-::6 iali-U'to return benefits, to show one's self grateful; drill r::rJ-zili lall byao you llhnll nothn.ve done it for notlling D::l.; lil'in _ [dll

(Ill. ns 1\ gif~ mnde in return, a rctUnlpresent,

~:::r~~r

264

S N dre-bo'

dros-pa

dre-bo Lt., dre - mo Mfig., *de - man*

W., elbow.

dreg-pa, dregs -pa 1. any dirt that

is removed by scraping, whereas

dri-ma is washed off; more particularly:- 2. SOOt, which is also used as a medicine

Wd/f..; Kun-dreg id.; sgron-dreg lamp-black;

sldn-dreg soot on a kettle; Icdgs

-dreg v.

Icags; fdl-dreg, rdo-dreg Med. ? --so-dreg

tartar incrusting the teeth Med. --dreg-

bdl flakes of soot. dreg-ndd gout; dreg-

grum id.

dregs-pa 1. pride, haughtiness, ar-

rogance, /cen-degs id.; dregs -pa

nyams pride is put down, humbled; dregs-

pa skydn-ba to lay aside, to put off pride;

nor-gyis dregs purse-proud Lex. 2. proud,

haughty, arrogant,=

dregs-pa-can; dregs-pa

(-can fams-cdd the great, the proud, the

people of high rank, the great ones of

this world Pth.; in the world of spirits,

with or without bgegs: the powerful demons.

3. as a vb.: ro-fsas dregs fse when the

sexual impulse is strong Med.

r- dred (Zam. <nr^0 hyena, which name"^ ' has prob. been transferred by the in-

habitants of the mountainous districts to

the dred, an animal better known to them)

the yellow bear; mi-dred a bear that devours

men Mil.; pyugs-dred a bear destructive to

cattle; dred-po he-bear, dred-mo she-bear.

- dred-fsdn a bear's den. dred-siu-sin

hazel-nut tree Sch.

dred-po 1. Sch.: 'evasive, lazy', yet

cos-med dred-po zol-zog yyo-rgyii-

can? 2. load, burden, esp. a heavy load

C., dred-po dred-pa= Kres-po grdg-pa, to

cord a load.

rj-'rj- dred-ma, rtsa-dred-ma Glr. dres-

ma; ddm-dred-ma Mil.?

>-..J^QJ. dreu, drel, v. dre; dreu-rnog

^N0 ' ^1. the mane of a mule. 2. a

couch, or stuffed -seat Cs. -- 3. a kind of

long-haired cloth.

dres-ma 1. C. a kind of grass, of

which ropes and shoes (of great

durability) are made; Glr. dted-ma; dres-

mai ge-sdr S.g. the filaments of dres-ma;

dres-Jbru Cs., dres- brum S.g. the seeds of

dres-ma. -- 2. W. Iris kamaonensis.

r' dro (cf. dro-ba), 1. the hot time of the

^day, from about 9 o'cl. a. m. till 3 o'cl.

p. m. ;dro-la bdb-nas when this time arrived

Dzl.;siid-dro the morning, pyi-dro 1. the

later part of the afternoon, 2. W. *pi-ro*

evening, night.- - 2. a meal taken about

noon, lunch; dro btdb-pa to lunch; dro-lug

a sheep intended to be eaten for a luncheon;

dro-sd meat intended for such a purpose.

dro-ba 1. to be warm, v. dros-pa; gen.

adj. warm, dro-baiynas a warm place;

dro - bar Ogyur- ba to grow warm. - - 2.

warmth (bdg-dro v. sub ur).

zrcnsr drogsSch.: 'packed up, made up into

pack or parcel'.

"

dron(s) v. Odren-pa.

drdn - ma a large basket or dosser,

provided with a lid, and carried on

the back, Hind. TfffT^T-

rr- drod 1. warmth, heat, e.g. of the sun;"^ '

drod-yser warmth and moisture; drod-

kyi sin a tropical tree Wdii.; me-drod 1. the

heat of the fire Lt. 2. prob. animal heat,

perh. because it is supposed to arise from

a union of the fiery element with a germ

originated by conception.- - 2. Ka - drod

zun ycig a small piece of food, Ka-zds,

and prob. incorrect for Ka-brod enjoymentof the mouth. lam-la drod fob-pa Mil.

was explained: to have a cheerful mind,

free from doubts and apprehensions on the

way (to heaven), drod, therefore, seems

to stand here for brod. drod-i'tags, Mil.,

was explained as being new knowledge,

new perceptions, as a fruit of long medi-

tation; one Lex. has drod -rig-pa=

jfr^fj

experienced or well-versed in measure.

. dron-mo col. warm, zan-dron warmfood.

*

drol v. Odrol-ba.

dros, Sch. = dro; dros-cen noon, mid-

day, dros-cun forenoon (?).

dros-pa, pf. of dro-ba., heated, grown

warm, esp. of the ground by the

264

~'::f lJd-bo Lt., lire - mQ .J.ll1ig., +I.Je· m6,,+11'., elbow.

~l:l'r:r ll,.,}g'Pa, drlgs-pa 1. RUy dirt that~I is rcmo\'Ct] by ~craping, whereasdri.ma is washed off; more purticubl'ly:-- 2. soot, wllich is also uscu us a medicineWd,i.; Ail,.-JrCf! it!.; 8yr6n...lrer; lump-black;8M/i-d"1!! ;tooL on a kettle; Rugs - drf[! v.lI:agsj {dl ....ln!l, rdd-Jn'f} ,11M.'! - slJ..dl'f[Jtartar illcru~ting the teeth MM. - dreybdl flakes of soot. - dl'ey-Ilfitl gout; drC[!

gl'Urn ifI.~~~r'f drey.-pa 1. pride, h~ughliness, ar':\ rogance, lfeit_ (Mgt Id.; dl'Nfl- pa1I.!Jams pride is put «own, humlJlcdj dnyspa sk!Jd'i-ba to Iny nside, to put oil' pride;ni"'-y!jis dl't'fJ8 pUI1lC-I'I'OUU Lu:. - 2. proud,haughty, alTogant, - dl'lgs-pa-i:attj ddys-pu(";;WI (allts-cud the grellt, the proud, thepeople of Iligh rauk, tbe great ones ofthis world n!l. j in the world of spirits,with Qr withoutbol'$$: the powerful demons.- 3. us n. \·b.: rO-(~(IS Jreys (u wlien tl,(!sexunl iflillUlse is strong Moo.:::_. droo (7;(011. ~) hyena, wllicll na.me~1 L1\~ prob. heen transferred by the in1mbilants of the mouDtaillOllS distrieL~ totlJe dl'l'd, an nllimnl better known to them)the yellow bear; mi-dred n benr that de\"OUI1!men Mil.; 1~!Ii198-(ll'edu benr destructire tocnttle; l[red-flO he-bcar, dl~vl-?Ilo she-bear._ (Ired-(s/ili a bear·s dcn. - (Ired-IJiu-jiillUlzel-nut tree &1•. ':::_'q drM-po 1. &11.: 'evasive, lut, yet~1 Cos-11IM ddd·po :wl-zog ry<J-T{j!lU':all? - 2. load, burden, esp. a heavy loadC., drM-po dd-d-pa _ ~'res-po gl'dg-pa, tocord a load.:::_.~. ddd-ma, rt8a-drld-?lla GIl'. = dris~1 ma; dum-drld-ma ,Ilil. '!50.' :::o.r dfCU, dnl, \'. dl'e; drcu - l'li&}""~, ~ 1. the mane of a mule. - 2. acouch, or siufled-seat Cs. - 3. u kind oflong-haired cloth.:::~~. dd~.m(l 1. C. u kind of gruss, of~ whIch rOlles and shoes (ot grcutdurability) are mnde; at... d,U-ma; (h'esmai gc-sur S.I/. tLe filaments of dlis -ma;. ,

~~:r dl'os-pa

dN!S-/lru es., dres-obrllm S.g. Ule seeds ofdris-ma. - 2. W. Iris kumaonensis.-:'7 dro (cf. JrO-ba), 1. the hot time of the~ day, from ahout !) o'cl. a. m. till 3 o'e!'p. m.; dro-la btib-nWl whcn this time arrivedD::I.; SJia-dro the morning, liyi-</ro 1. tltelntcr Ilnrt of the aftemoon, 2. n: ·pi-ro·e\'eoing, night. - 2. a meal tuken about11000, lunch; dro blab-po. to lunch; dro-lUya sheep intended to be eaten fol' a luncheon;dr<)-8a lUe~t intended for such a purpose.

:'':''.:::r (lIx1~ba 1. to be warm, \'. (/,.0811«; gen.~ adj. warm, drd-baifn1.t8 a wurm place;dl'o - bal' o!I!JUI' - ba to grow warm. - 2.warmth (bdg-dro Y. sllb UI').

;':n~ dI'Og8&1i.: '1lllCkcd up, made up into~ -(" p:lck or parcel'.

~(~r drQ,i(s) v. oJrtn-pa.

;.~.~. d,.oli· ma a large baskel or dosser,~ pro\'ided with a lid, and enlTiC!l 011

the back, Jlind. tt'i'f11::l.:.~. dl-od 1. warmth, heat, e.g. of the SWl;

~1 dl'od-fis~r w!\l'lllth lind moisture; JrOd/.:!Ji Sili a tropical tree Wd,'.; nll'-drod 1. theheat of the fire Lt. 2. prob. animal heat,perh. beclluse it is supposed to arise fromu unioll of the fiery element witli a germoriginflted by conccption. - 2. J..'a - drM:;111; fh!J a small piece of food, _ ~ra-::d8,

nnd 1'1'00. incorrect for ~'a-br6d cnjo}'lllentof the mouth. - Mm-lo drod fOb-pa .Mil.was explained: to have a cheerful mind,free from douuts and upprehellsiolls on theway (to hell.vcn), dl-od, therefore, seemsto Sland here for b,.oo. - d"od-l'lafP, Mil.,was eXIJlained M being new knowlr.dge,new perceptions, M ll. fruit of long Ill~di

tnlion; oue {,(.-e. has l[rOd -nfl-pa - 1f1"f'IJexperienced or well-\'ersed in measure.~.~. dl'/j,~lIIo CQI. wann, zall-drdn warm~ fooll.

~- drol v. Odl'Ol-ba.

;.~ dros, &It. - tiro; drQs-crn noon, mid-~ day, dros-'Hoi forelloon(?).~':r dr~o, pf. of (/rd-ba, heated, grown~ w"'", esp. of tllC ground by the

< -

M5(l/lil-tltii/t

jr-r

'

n! ili.- sun, of men, by warm clothing;

soi/ the ground has grown warm, tin-

is beginning to melt; drdn-iin \vlim

it is getting warm; di f/dn-na dros lays

if you put that on, you will be warm Mil. \

/>-,)(/;/ ilr<'m-pai (jos warm clothing for

one period of existence Mil. //m-//ms-

li n. of the Manasarowara or lake of

Mapam in Nari. The Hindoos describe it

as something like a northern ocean, in-

habited by Nagas (v. klu), and the Tibetans

in good faith repeat such fables, at least

in their literature, although they knowbetter.

dha-mdn Ld.-Glr. Schi fol. 17,b.,

v. Ida-man.

1 dln't-ti,(^rf?T

a shaker, agitator?) a

K word of more recent mystical physio-N logy, 'the middle vein',

= dbu-ma (cf.

ytum-po and fig-le) Thgr., Mil., Wdn. The

Lamas consulted by me asserted, not quitein accordance with books, dhu-ti to denote

a kind of rluh in the body (which would

agree with \j to blow, and with nvev/ua*),

a vital power closely connected with the

soul, supporting it during lifetime, and

leaving it only when separated by death.

This would be anew or second signification

of dhu-ti, although I cannot vouch for the

correctness of the above statement, nor amI able to decide, whether dhu-ti and -

ba-dhuti are quite the same. a-ba-dhuti-

pa Tar. 187, 8 is a proper name, Schf.

r-q- dhe-la, Hind,^farr, half a paisa, the

K smallest coin, equal to the tenth part

of a penny, W.

r'%00 1- fat. of Odogs-pa.-

2. ydags the light, day ('s., opp.to sribs. 3. in Stg. yddgs-pa occurs frq.

as a translation of iT wisdom.

m^T" jr* y<l(tl'

f>

-rd<in (Ida /i?) 1. clothes-

'

stand, rack or rail for hanging

up clothes, ydd/l-la gos Odzdr-bat !/>''l-/><r.

yddii-tm 1 . peg or nail, for the same purpose.2. skds-kyi ydan(-bu") Le.r., *si'al-d(hi* W.,

step of a ladder. --2. col. for ;'<//.

jm-r-j-r )'dihi-ba, ydd/ta-pa, to open \\idc.

mouth and nostrils, to gape B. and

col.; Ydtii'i-fnii /,ro-;dl an angry face

the mouth wide opened (jlr.

ydtu'm 1. music, harmony, melody. =ilbyaits, xnyay*, also ydaim-i,

to make music (.'. 2. rcup.for diH-dl-lm forehead

)'d<i/(x-/i<i ] . \.y,ld;,-l,, lt 2. reap.

one recovering from illn< . con-

valescent, with snyun, bsni/n/i-ba /.<./.: */v/

</<//<* W. he has recovered from his drunken

fit, has become sober again.

R, resp. fougs-ydan W.,a bolster, or seat composed of several

quilts or cushions, put one upon the other

(five for common people, nine for people of

quality), cf. Jwl; ydan-kri a throne <!lr. ;

ydan-rdbs a succession ofteachers Tar. 199,4.

The word is much used in polite expressions:

ydan Odeys-pa to take leave, to withdraw, to

depart; yddn-sa l. place of residence, bla-

mai Mil. ; dga - ston -gi/i place of a festival

Glr. 2. situation, position, rank, ni f., Mil. :

)'(/(in- dren-pa to invite, = spydn- dren-pa,to appoint, to nominate, d^n-dn a chief, a

leader^-.; to go to meet Glr.: Van-o-e* W. id.; *d(tn-kt/<tl-ce* W. to accompany,as a mark of attention; dan-peb-ji to arrive

Sch.

^j^'^J" yddb-pa, fut. of Odebs-pa.

cnrxi'm- yddm-ka W., ydam-naLf.r., choice,'

election, *ddi - ka <v;- (v* W. to

choose, to elect; yddm-iui byed-palA\r. id.

yddm-pa, fut. of^ddm+pa, yddms-

pa, pf.of Odoms-p<t, to advise.

rgydl-po-la yddni-jmi mdo adviser of kings,

a mirror for sovereigns TV/////.; ytldms-pasbst. advice, counsel, doctrine, precept ;>/;///*-

/'t<i;/,W. *yddin$-ka , )'duin$-h

!a* (cf. /"-

/,"'/'-//), resp. Sal -ydd ins, hka-yddm* id.;

;//// w/.s-yw ci</ it/ we ask for some ad\

Glr. ; }><hi-/HI ;/////.<-/* a good advi

ydams-ndg ston-pa /.-./.. *//////-/</, or fed-

fa fd/'t-cf* M'. to give an advice, to advi-c;

ydtiin.i-

////// Odoms-pai few the imperative

mood, expressing command or exhortation

Gram.

)'dd-ba, eleg. for <%-^a 11. and

, 1. to be. to be there, du

IT*

~'&l'Y III&if·mo.",

'ihellt of tile I>un, of lIlen, by wafm clothing;.lroc 104 tile ground luu gro"'"n "'"rm, tile~lIOW is i.leginnillg to melt; d,U.-114 vdleuit.- ill getting warm; di !J6n - no ,1Iw lfllJ'if fOU "ut thul on, you will be wlU'm Mil.;{~ J'Ctg d,.d- -lHri flIJf Wllrm clothing forODC lleriod of exis~nce Mil. - JH/,-(lro.I'll II. of the Manas-fo"·..... or lake of~I.p.m in ~ari. The Jlindoos detlCribe itas sometlling like. northUll OCOD, inhabited by Nagn'(V.I.:lN}, and the Tibetansin good &.ith repeat such fables, at Ie&$tin tbt.ir literature, although they knowbetter.

:::;'~'1 d!la-'lf.dll IA.-Gir. &ltL rol. 17. b.,=<j 1'. Ula-trlmt.

:::;$>. (l},w..fi, ("lfi' a shaker, agitator?) •.:;; ') "..on! of more recent m)"!tknl phy i~" logy, 'the middle \'t.in', _ ,JU,-1fl6 (cr.ynflft-poMd fig-k) TItgr., Mil., Ird". TheLamas eonsulted b)' me auerted, DOt quitein \\CCOroll.nce wlth books, ,U,u.ti to dcooW!Il. kind of rluJi in the bodr ( ...·hicb ...·oulll"gJTe with ~10 blow, and ..ith n,..t:~,a),

• ,.itAI po.....er c1osel)' conneeted .."ith tilesoul, supporting it during lifetime, audleaving it only wl,en sep....tl!d b)' death.This would be 11 new or second ,igoificationof dku.ti. although I eaDDot VOUell for thecorrectness of Ihe llobo"e SlAtf'menl, nor ADl

1 ",ble to decide, whether d1Iv-ti and ~

ba-dJUl.ti Arc quite the ~ftlDe. - ~.oo ...dhuti·lJU Tar. 181,8 is a I'roper name, &hj.~.~. dlll-lu, lli'ld. tArt, hatt a paisa, the:;; SID:lllest eoiD, equal to the tenth part

of II. penny, W:=fR~(~Y rdag{,) I. fut of odof!'·,l«· -

2. fda!!, the light, day C,., opp.to ,,·iba. - iJ. in S'y. rdlifJ'·Jla oeeUI'S fN).us n tMln"lntioo of JnI1 wisdom.::n.::;.!:: ':C::' rdaH, rda,; (Mwi?) I" clothes·

"I 1 '1 stand, rack or rail for Ii",ngingup clothes, {dd,;-la ~ olb;,. ... lm, o!jI!l.bll;J"t/aft-blt I. peg or nail, for the SIUue Jlurpo~.

2. d:ti3""'!Ii rdrut(.bu) l-t.r., -iral-4.M,;- W:,step 01 a ladder. - 2. col. for }odtN.=tFF~' tIM,i·lm, rdd';'-J?lI, to open wide.

mouth ",od nostrIls, to gape B. And

col.; ,tld';.}lai r...,...Mi lUI angry (ace ",ilhthe mouth wide opened Gir.=!'f'C::~f {dlui. 1. Il'lusic, bannony, mtt.dy._

d/.,!J«ita, IP'yag-, .110 f11aio_"!JI''';plui,. b!Jltl-J)(' 11.) make laU ie f: - i. rCltfl.for Jprdl-b4 forehead c..=tRc::......:r rikilil-Jia 1. f. rIMIi-lM. 2. tellil.

one rerono,ring (rom illllb , toft.

valesteftt, with "'!lU, bMYUIf-&' Lu.: -radDli- II~ he has rero,.... red from 11;" drunkenfit, has becon,e sober again.=tR- yJUII, ~, .-esp. bhl!l'·rJart n:,

1 a bolster, or seatoowl~ of .eferalquilts or cushions, put one uI~n the ot~(6\"e for common people, DiDe for people ofqU3lity), d. i.>oi; rdlUf-1r,' a Urone GIr.;rdan...rm.- a succeuion.fteacbtrs Tar. J99,"'.The ""oro is much u&edio polilet'xp"*'iolU:yJall _Ji¥p.pa to take IUft. to withdraw, t.deparl; }"dd1l-~ 1. place ., rtsicIence, U...ai Mil.; Jgo.. aitm· !/yi p1aee of. (el&.iulGir. 2. situation, pasilion, rank, oi f., .l/il.;l'(ldn·odl~~ to invite. - ~_drnt-pa,

to appoinl to nominate, tlpmHh. a ehit'f••Ie-der Glr.; 10 go to meet Glr.; -Ilan-_Ct" IV. id.: -dart-fyal';'- Jr. to accompany.as II. mDrk of Dttentioo; dolt-llfb...pa to arrive& •.:Tfff=T )'ddb-p«, (UL. of _,/J.]NJ.

=tR~ rddm-J:a W.• )'I1u.....o Lu., choice,e~tion. -eldIN-I", ro-«" II: to

choose, to eleet; pldm"'';fl byId1lt1/.u. id.::tF\x.r=r Jv.laJII-pa, fUl of _J6I1I1?l, ydlhrt#-

}ltl, pt. of olkml& - pa, 10 Idvise,rgyd{'~la flldm""f'l'i fflIM .{lvi:it:r o( kiDg~3 mirror (or sovereign;, TAyy.; rd,il1ll'llUsbst. advice, counsel, doctrine. precept, t,M",.,idy, lV, -}~lljllll-"Il, }'IMm.,-Jil'- (d. f/i.ta,1M-Ita), l"esl'" ':ai· rdrillll, /WI'. )vMJrI' ill.;r,MIII$'p" i:ig ~u we ",~k for 1lOIllt adviceGfr.; 1M" - pll }'<1d"M ·lla '" !lOOt) lId\'i{'t:rd'H/II.,jlig .M"-lla Lu., -ddM-Jm, or til.ta tJ';...~? lV, to give lin Il(lviee., to a<hi.-<';pi",,,,. ';Iig odClt/1l .,l1li r.ig t~ ImpentiY.mood, eJ[pre~ing comlll.n<t or uhortlltionGrall'.trRr.r .::r }~iIi-ba, t1eg. for _'Ng-ll1' fl. IUId

"\ K IlaJll', J. to be, to be thett, dll17·

266

q- yddl-ba n-ba

yda how many arc there here ? Zam.; sgyur-

yin yda Glr.; rtog-tu ydao he or it maybe discerned, distinguished Dzl.; pyin-nas

yda he had arrived Mil.] no other negativethan mi can precede it: zdbs-mfil-la cu

reg-pa tsdm-las mi yda the water did not

reach above the soles of the shoes Mil.

2. with par it expresses uncertainty, vague-

ness, fsegs- par yda he may possibly go,

Pth.; Odi yin-pa (col. forpar) yda he seems

to be this (man) Pth.;cf . Odug-pa. 3. to

say, cf. mci-ba.

|*q* yddl-ba another form for rdal-ba.

rnrr wn* ydiii-ba another form for Odiii-ba;

also sbst. : ydin-ba dan byo-bacarpets and clothes, i.e. all sorts of textures,

ydu-ba 1. another form for sdu-ba

to gather, to collect. 2. another form

for ydun-ba (?) Sch.: to love; cf. rnyed-la

ydu Zam.

cnc'q* ydu-bu Glr., ydu-gu Glr.} fdub-bu

Si^3 the usual form, ring for the wrist,

bracelet, or for the ankle, an ornament of

Hindoo women; lag (resp. pyag)-ydub

bracelet; rkan (resp. zabs)-ydub foot-ring;sor (col. ser)-ydub finger-ring Glr.; yser-

ydub gold-ring, dnul-ydub silver-ring; yser-

ser-ydub a golden finger-ring; *tdy-ce* W.to put on (a ring).

cnrcn-q- ydug-pa 1. poison = dug, ydug-paSi ysum Dzl. = dug ysum; zds - su

ydug-pa zd-ba Dom. 2. in general: anything hurtful, or any injury, mischief, harm

done; as adj. noxious, mischievous, dangerous,

ydug-pa-can, of animals, demons, wicked

men; dug-sbrul ydug-pa -can dangerousvenemous serpents Glr.; dre-srin ydug-paman many mischievous demons Glr.; ydug-

pai bsdm-pa propensity to destroy, destruc-

tiveness, ferocity, of beasts of prey Glr.;

ydug-pai nd-ro wild screams Mil.; ydug-rtsub ferocity, malice, spite Mil; stdr-bu

ydug-pa tser-ma-can buckthorn with horrible

spines Wdn.;

also for mischief done by evil

spirits Mil.

ydugs I. resp. dbu-ydugs 1. parasol,

umbrella, ., C. 2. canopy, bal-

dachin; spyi-ydugs a covering, shelter,

awning, for several persons Glr.; ydugs

Obubs-pa to raise a canopy, to put up a

shade or screen; of peacocks: to spreadthe tail.

IT. eleg. mid-day, noon, sdn-gi ydugs-lafor to-morrow noonZte^.; noon -tide heat

(cf. dugs], ydugs-med ydon -pa ydugs-kyis

yduns an unprotected face is molested bythe heatL&#.; yduys-fsod 1. noon-tide, dinner-

time, 2. dinner.

ydun, resp. for rus(-pa), 1. bone,

bones, remains, esp. as rin-srel, also

yduti-rus, sku-ydun; yser-ydun, dnul-ydunthe gold and silver palls covering the re-

mains of the highest Lamas. -- 2. family,

lineage, progeny, descendants, rigs ni rgyal-

rigs-so,ydun-nigau-ta mao as to caste, he be-

longs to that of the ruler, as to family, he is a

descendant ofGotama;also fig. : sans-rgyds-

kyi ydun Dzl. the spiritual children of Bud-

dha, the saints; ydun-brgyud yod the house,

the family, is still existing Glr. ;ydun(brgyud~)

Odzin-pai sras a first-born male, by whomthe lineage may be continued, frq. ;

also

for any single descendant Glr. --ydun-

sgrom Sch. coffin, Schr. funeral urn. yduii-

rten funeral pyramid containing relics, cf.

mcod-rten. -

ydun-rabs generation, nd-nas

ydun-rdbs Ind-pa-la in the fifth degree after

me Glr.

zju-r-q- yduh-ba, yduns-pa I. vb. 1. to desire,

Sa to long for, zds-la, lto-la, Glr. and

elsewh.; *dun dun co-ce* W. id. -- 2. to

love, sin-tu ydun-bai ma ycig my own dearlybeloved mother! cf. brtse-ydun. 3. to

feel pain, to be pained, tormented, afflicted,

by heat or cold, thirst, lust, distress; *nyindun-te* W. sad, sorrowful; ydun-bar byed-

pa to make sad, to distress, yzdn-gyi sems-

la, the mind of others. -- 4. to be dried,

nyi-mas by the sun, of a dead body Dzl.

II. sbst. 1. desire, longing, lust, ydun-ba zi (sensual) desire ceases Stg. 2. love,

mos-yus-ydun-ba dpag-med skye immense

veneration and love arises Glr. 3. affliction,

misery, distress, torment, pang, ydun-bai skad

a plaintive voice, doleful cry Glr.

26<>

pla bow maD)' are there here? 7..am.; WJyNr.!fi" ti1a Glr.; riot/-hi )Uoo be or it mil)'be discerned, distinguished D:l.; ]fyfn."aryJa he had arrived lJil.; no other negativethan Ifti can prea!de iL; :dbl-wl(il-la CNrig-po iWm.fa& fIli J'da the water did DO\

n'llch 3oo,'e tile sole.> of the shoes ,IIil. 2. with par it e:cpres6e1l uncertainty, \'ague.ncn, rAh.Ja -par rda he mny possilJly go,1'111.; edt" lJlnfG (col. for Pal') fda be seemst.O be this (man) Pil,.; cr. ",duf/-pa. - 3. to~ay, cr. 1II'H-ba.:rrr..r.:::r pltil-ba another form for rJa{.{JG.

::fJ C',::r }"ilb'·oo auolber form for iliu-oo;al~ lib:sl.: }iliiC .. 1m dun [,go - ba

eat1ltts and clothes, i.e. all sorts of~tum.Stg.~'.:::r ydit.-ba I. another form for sdil.-bu~ t, gather, to coiled 2. another form

for J'(lil~(?) &11.: to love; cr. rtfyM-lard" Zam.:n:\'~ rd,,·tm Of,.., ydit-yu. Glr., rditb..bll.

I.J the usual form. ring for the wrist,bracelet, or for l.he unkle, on ornament oflIiudoo women; IUf! (resp. iWag) - rdubbracelet; rhui (re~Jl' zabl}-rduo foot-ring;Md!' (col. ur)-rduo finger.ring Gir.; rll:l"

,duo gold-ring, dimi-rdub sih'eNiDg; r8k-aer-plub a golden linger-ring; ·tag..f:l' n:to put on (a. ring).=n=;~:r f'dYfj-J16 1. poison - dug, rdft!!-pa

I.J, Ylf"m Du. _ dug flum; =d. -"IplNg-PO =ti-ha Dortr. - 2. in b'eneral; all)"

thing hurtful, or any injury, mischief,. humdone; a.s adj. noxious, mischieYD~ dangerous,,d"!I-ptl..fa,., of animals, demons, wickedmen; dug-wril rdft!!- pa - oon dangerous,'elleIDOUS serpenl.l, Gir.; drt-ln'n yduy.p«fIlati mnny mischievous demons Glr.; rdu~pal b.«m-pa propensity to destroy, destructiveness, lerocity, of bCIlSls of prcy Gil".;ythig-pai ,ia-l'Q wild scream!:! Mil.; rdUf'I'Aub ferocity, malice, spite Mil.; Mar· btlydNfJ-pa (.w-:ma-ron buckthorn with horriblesllillCi Wdli.; also for mischief done by eyilspirits Mil_ ;

""'''1'''' rd... I. "'p. _'"".I' I. p.....\l.,,; umbrella, B., C. - 2. canopy, baI-

dachin; .P!Ji - yduf/t .. CO\~ring, shelter,lLWlling, for se,eral per.lOns Gi,..; f'l1"flt.lNlJa..pa to raise • canopy, to put up ashade or screen; of peacocks: to spreadthe tail

II. eleg. mid-day, noon, Ilili-gi ydilys--lafor to-morrow Doon D::1.; DODn-tide heat(cf. dlV,p), yJlIgS-7IaI!d 'ltlon-pa rdu~J.-y;.

rdriita an unprotected tace is molested bythe ltentLe~.; rJuya-fWd 1. noon·tide, dinne....time, 2. dinner.~=iC: ydUli, resp. for 1"lt3(-pa), l. bone,

l.J bones, remains, ClIp. as n',i-mil, alsort/IlH-rUa, 81:lI-yl1.il; yae"'-)'l/il,;, d;,ul-ydillithe gold and silver ruills covering the remain.!! of the highest J.....mas. - 2. family,lineage, progeny, destendants, rigs 1Ii rrJynl-rilp--to,yduit-T1iguu-ta Mt'Ul u locaste, be belongs to that of we ruler, llS to family,he is.deiCtDdant ofGotam. ; alllO fig.; aaiI...,y,hl:yi rduit Du. tile s:piritulll children of Buddha, the sainls; rduit-bryyM yod the bou~the family, is still existingGfr. ;ydu;,(lnyyw/).d:in-pai araa a first-bom male, by whomthe lineage mu)' be continued, {I'q.; w~o

for any single dellCendant Glr. - rtlr11i"fII'Om &h. COffin, &111'. funeral urn. - rdwirim funeral pyramid containing relics, ef."ltoJ-,·leR. - }'duit-raIM generation. lid-11m:yduN.-rdbc lita-pa-ia in the fifth degree afterme Gir.:.-rF\C·:r rdwN.-ba, ydilN.l-pa I. vb. 1. lodesire,~ 10 long lor, ~4, ltD-la, Gir. •nd

elsewb.: ·dwi. duN. i.'d-ti' IV. id. - '1.. t.Ioye, I;n_(u ydUli-lxll ma )·til; m)" 0~'Il de:\riybeloved mother! cf. b~- }uili•. - 3. tofeel pain, 10 be pained, tormented, afflicted,by hent or cold, thirst, lust, dislre.>6; -nyiliduii-I? IV. sad, iIOrrDwfulj rdui4-bar byMpa to make sad, to diSh'll&&, fzan-gyi klll4

la, the mind of otbers. - 4. tll be dried,nyi..-mas by tIle sun, of l\ dead body D::l.

II. sbst. 1. desire, longing, lust, rduilba ~f (lieasual) desire eeases Sig. - 2. love,1~-rdUil.-ba dpug-mid al-ye i-;meDge\'encration and love .risesGi,..- 3.alftiction,misery, distreu, tOrlMlll pan!J. ydiui-b4li Wida plailltin'! ~oice, doleful Gir.

ydfiii-niu ydon

III..M.IJ. 1. longed for, earnestly desired.

-'2. beloved, v. above. H. grieved, tor-

mented fnj.; yduh-dbydnx a son^ r\|nv;siveof longing or of grief, an elegy Mil.\ yduii-

XI'IHS love-longing H., and col.; *a-///ti-/</

^lilli-srm-can Odug* W. he tenderly loves

his mother.

yduii-ma beam, piece of timber,

int'i-ydiiii principal beam, ///'/-/</////

cross-beam; yduit-Kebs beams projecting

over the capital of a column Glr. ydun-

w/i'ifj a raft Ld. yduii- di'bs S.g. pedestal,

base(?) ydun-zdm a bridge of timber

or of poles. ydun-sin Sik. fir-tree (Pinus

abies).

yditd-jia love, longing *SV7/., cf. ydfi-

ba.

ydub-bu v. ydii-bu.

fdub-pa Sty. : zds-la, adj., frugal,

temperate?

ydum(-j)o) a piece <SV7/.. = dum.

ydul v. Odul-ba.

dw v. ydu-ba.

v. Odegs-pa.

yih" confidence, assurance, cheerfulness

Mil. very frq. ; yden fob-pa to be-

come confident, to take courage, to be re-

assured; O ci-tse yden cian med when dying,he has no confident hope Mil. ; mi- )igs-

pai yden a strong confidence Mil., Thgr. ;

yden-fmd id., de-inn tsam yan sdod-pai

yden - fsdd ma meis -pas not being sure

whether his life will be spared for one

day more; Oci-brod y<li>ii-fx<nl med without

confidence, without any readiness to die

Mil.; blo-yden Mil. and col. = yileii.

ydeii-ba, pf. ydens, ( Is. to threaten,

to menace; Sch. to brandish in a

menacing way, mfson-ydcii brandishing a

\\capon Lex.; I also met with: huj ld>'ii-lm

Glr. to raise and move one's hand (in a

suppliant manner), cf. ddn-ba II., and: lya

ysoy yden-pa a bird with its wingsand spread Ma.

)'Mn*~ka head and neck of a ier-

pent *b,-M-,iiii <',!,-.

A, 2. **v.

pa* ( '.. deserving or enjoying confidence; faith-

ful, trusty, of servants, husbands, wi\<-> -u .

cn^YCJ')y<lf

''(-i"' ; w^>. :"/-/'/"", 1. face.

countenance, )>!.,;, ./,/,, a paleface JA.\ ydoii-dninr l>i><l -

i/ul tlif countryof the red-faced (more accurately: brown-

faced) Tibetans I*th.\ ydoi't-nu<j(-po) 1. a

black face; 2. a frowning countenance: ///;-ci'in dejected, disheartened. /,

:

/v/-////W ;<///-

CM// mi bijed-par impudent and saucy Glr.:

*(loti-8ran tdii-i-e* VT., *doit-sran-te cd-ira*

Kun., to be forward, bold, brazen-faced;

pdg-yi yd6n-pa pig's face, pigs head

Sambh.', ydoh-bzi-pa Brahma ("the four-

faced'). --2. surface, superficies. *<i-y~H;

fore-part, front-part. </<;/>-/ adv. in front in

advance e.g. to go 6'.; ydon-ytdtl. L<l.\ </-stdd just opposite ', ydo/i(-la)- d<'d-pa to push

or press forward, to urge on (a donkey, a

coward to the fight), to haul (a culprit

before the judge); sndn-ba ydon-dfd-pa to

pursue one's course regardless of others

(both in a good and in a bad sense) Mil. :

ydon- pi/is handkerchief Sch.\ *doH-si* W.

complexion, gyur son he has changed colour;

to fug-pa and bsu-ba it is joined pleon.;

ydoii-lhogs is stated to imply the same as

i,rinii-bu Lt.

j*r'v ydod-ma = yz6d-ma, the beginning.

ydod- mat dus; ydoil

- mar in the

beginning, at first Mil.\ ydod-kyi(&) first at

first, previously, before Mil. ; ydtHl(-ma)-na*

from the beginning; ydod-nas dug -pa of

primitive purity Mil. and elsewh.; da-yd6d

Li.r. prob.=

da-y:<'>d

_vj. ydon (^) evil spirit demon, rausing^ diseases cti- . stt'H ,"./-/// >up*rior and

inferior (spirits), Ilahu e.g. is stsit-pi ydon,

an evil sj)iritof the aerial or heavrnly

regions; sh'i'i-rdon-yyis Oci-ba Gli'. yztu

pog-pa to die of epilepsy (VT.?), or of

apoplexy (&/*.); ydon-&n Intt-lnd, or Wo-

///;///</, frq.; ydon-gyi* brld-nw - pa Lt..

bi'ldbs-pa Sch., iiifatuated or pooocoocd by

lIr....,dj. I. longed for, earnestly desired.- 2. beloved. v. aoove. - 3. grieved, tor·mented frq.; rd,,-ri-dbydH' II. 80ng expressiveof longing or of gnef,:m elegy Mil.; yd1U4Vlll~ love-lollg:iug B., l\nd col.; ttj_ma_ladU"-'I'/I~-cali "dug" tv: he tenderly 10\'c8his motl](!T.=n:::;t::'cJ.f' ,dlili -lIIa beam, piece 01 timber,~ lIIu-l'du14 principIII healD, M-rd1lli

CI'QSS-OOtlUl; rdl/n -1!N.4 uearns llrojectingovcr the capital of n. column Gir. - ydfl>iIfJl'iy a mft l.Al. - F1U1'-ilflJ3 S.g. pcdc:;tal,lmse(?) - rduiH:dm 11 bridge of timberOr of poles. - rd",j~in. Silo', fir-tree (Pinusabies).::n::.:-':r )'dM-pa love, longing &11., C(·flU.-

I..,J,"'\ 00.

~.:::r~ rdlilrbu \'. ftlli-bu.

:::n:;:::rq" rdub-pa Stg.: :::tis_la, ndj., frugal,~ temperate"

~;.j"tar) rdum(-Jlo) a piece Sci,., - dUIII.

~..j' reIul v. "dul-ba.

~~. rdlU v. rdu-ba.

~=if }'(/l'fI v. •de9s-pa.

~~. rtkti confidence, assurance,cheerfulnessMil. "cry frq.; rdel; (Ob-pa to Le

come confident, to lake coumge, to be rea!<Sured; .ci-f~ rdb; Hal; mM whcn d)'iog,he has DO confident hope Mil.; lIIi-Ji!J8pai rdn. " strong confidcnce Mil., Tliyr.;rdi,.-(lkid id., di _ riti fJl(l7ll ya,' MlOd -tllli

rdeit - (sad 7IlU lJI~is - fKU not Lcing SUI'ewhcthcr his life will be sparcd for oncday mQre; oR-brOd }'(1eIi-tsdcI111M withoutconfidcnce, without any rcadiness to dieMil.; blo-rdhi Mil. and col. - rlie';.~~t:::::r rdc,j-ba, pf. ,-deits, Cil. 10 threaten,

to menace; &h. to brandish ill Il.

menncing wny, m(MJ71-rde,; brandishing n.wcapon J..u.; I also IUCt witb: l(lYl'dcJi-baGu·. to raise nnd 1U0,'e onc's hand (ill ll.

suppliant manner), cf. dllli-ba II., and: byarisoy )'dbi-pa a. bird with its wings misednnd spread Ma.

"'"~~!:.~·rrr rJl.......Jm head .nd neck of • w

pent, abrM-y!Ji Gil'.~!:.~r.q· rdtlii.-pa 1. v. rdJli -bu, 2._

1(k,; (?) °1/lM-IHI-cflno W::M-dcli·pu· (,~, deserving or enjoying confidlmte; faithful, trusty, of sen'aoli, husl>lll,dll, win. ttl:'.

~~'(.:.s') rdo,;(-pa), resp. tal-pieli, 1. fau,countenance, rllo,i al.'!JI. " pall'

fnee Lt.; rlloli-dIllUl' 00d - yul the countryof thc red-faced (morc accuratel)': brownfnced) Tibetans I'll•. ; yck"j-mly(-po) I. ablnck face; 2. a frowning countenanct: rtk!"(IN'; dejected, dis-hurtcned, ~'rtl-IIIM )'do"[uli tIIi b!lC(/-]JI'" impudent lind sauc)" Gfr.;°do,i-i,'lln /d,l--t'L· lV., ·(/o,i-iran_Ie ld-oruoKUII., to be forward, bold, bra7-en-faced;lidfl-!li )'dwj -l)ll pig's fnce, pig's headSmnbh.; rdoii-b::i-]}(J Hrnhmn ("the fourfnced'). - 2. surface, superficies, 'a-)';;i;fore-pari, front-par~ dd"-ln ad,'. in front, inadvance e.g. to go C.; rOO,j-,fIIll, l.d.; dolt'Ill/I just opposite; rdo,'(~la)_.r/id-p'~ to pushor press lorward, to urge on (a donke)', ncoward to the fight), to haul (a cuillritbcfore the judge); snail-La rdO.1../t'f/-pa topursue onc's course rcgardless of otbcrs(both in a good and in 1\ bl\d scnsc) AliI.;rdo,. - p!Ji3 hl\odkercbief &11.; °110,....," w:coilllllexion, Y!llIr 80'" he Ii.s changed wlonr;to (itY-Jia Ilod 1m; - ba it is joined pIOOll.;)'OO,j-/Ildgt is stated to imply the same as

!!'-NIII-"u U.~.~. rddd-1na _ y::dd-7IIa, the ~inning,

"\ )'d6r./ _1IIai du,; rdOl.I - filar in thebeginning, at firsl Mil.; )'dOd-~'!Ii{,) first. a.tfirst, previously, before Mil.; rdOtl{-N1O)_IllU

from the beginning; )'Ilti<.i-/l(u ,MY-lUI ofprimiti ...c purity Mil. lind e1se",h.; da-r(lOtl'..u. prob. I:> da-)'zdt.l~~. )'cW'l (l;l"l) evil spirit. demon, uusillg

diseases ctc, lit'; .og-gi ~uperior aodinfcrior (siliritli), Hallu e.g. is ,t;;'-gi }'lioN,

nn e ... il spirit of the aerial or hcu/'Illyregions; di;,-rdem-!!!!i, oR-1M Glr. I:> rUII

lJOy-PC. to die of epilelli>)" (W.?), or ofapoplu)" (&h.); l'lUm.l.'1l MJ-lil/;, or bf:.o..b"!!ydd, frq.; rliOn - !l,YJ' bf'/.m4 -1)(1 !.t.,bdllb.-pt. &h.., infuuat..d or 1'0..__-.011 Ly

268

-ydon-pa

some evil spirit; ydon Ojug-pa the enteringof a demon into a person; ydon-mi-za-ba

certainty, surety; de byun-ba-la or de byun-bar ydon mi za there is no doubt of such

a thing having happened ; gen. adv. : ydon-mi-za-bar undoubtedly, indubitably, ydon-mi-fsal-bar Dzl. id.

]* ydon-pa Cs. fut. of Odon-pa.

ydol-pa, Lexx.=

rigs-nan, ^TT^T^T,

an outcast, a man of the lowest

and most despised caste, still below the

dmdn-rigs. The Tibetan word for this caste

was perh. originally dol-pa fisherman, and

has afterwards been transferred to all per-

sons that gain their livelihood by the kill-

ing of animals, and consequently are de-

spised as professional sinners.

yd s 1- fetter, chain; ydos-fdg fetter

in a fig. sense, bondage, Thgy.2. material existence (?;, matter (?), ydos-bcds,

(fyrdos-bcds, material, corporeal, ydos-bcds-

kyi lus Thgr., frq. ; ydos-bcas-su grub-pamed (these things) are nothing material,

they have no substance Thgr.', ydos-med

immaterial, unsubstantial ;fd6s-su ce-ba seems

to be the same as ydos-bcas, and perh. also

ydos-pa Odzin Lex. 3. ydos brgydb-pa C.

for W. *Ka kun gydb-ce*, v. rkun-ma.

ydos-pa 1. =/dos(?) 2. Cs. mast,

sail-yard; ace. to Lexx. something

pertaining to a ship; -/'dos-bu oar Sch.

CTCcn' bdag 1. self, na bdag for na nyidDzl.'

VQ, 14; gen. in the objective case:

myself, thyself, one's self; bdag ston yzan smad

to praise one's self, to blame others; bdag

srun-ba to devote one's self to solitary con-

templation; or as a genit. : bddg-gi one's

own, my, mine; bddg-gi sems-la smad he

reproved himself Dzl.', bdag- tu dzin-pa;

bdag- Qdzin the clinging to the I, the at-

tachment to one's own self, egotism, frq.;

bdag dan bddg-gir Odzin-pa attachment to

the I and mine S.O.; bddg-tu ltd-ba prob.

id., Tar. 35, 18, Schf. : Atmaka-theory, bdag-

med-pai cos Tar. 36, 1 the Anatmaka, the

contrary ; bdag - med rndm - pa ynyis are

mentioned in Thgy., prob.-

gdn-zdg

-gi

bdag-med, and c6s-kyibdag-medMil..c..~X.II.',

bddg-gir med S.O.; bdag -med ultimatelycoincides with stoh-pa-nyid, Burn. I., 462

med. In common life, bdag -med is also

used for another, *dag

- med -kyi mi* id.

;

*dag-med-la ma tan* do not give it to an-

other; bdag-yzan I and others, one's self

and others; bdag-nyid 1. = bdag I myself,

thou thyself, he himself, bdag-nyid-la yson-

cig listen to me! Pth.; rgydl-po bdag-nyidthe king himself Dzl. ; Ka-cig ni bdag-nyidrdb - tu Jbyun

- bar ysol some ask for the

permission of becoming priests themselves

Dzl. ; bdag-nyid Oba-zig only for their own

persons Thgy. 2. sbst. the thing itself, the

substance, the essence, byan-cub-sems-kyi

bdag-nyid yin I am the essence of bodhi,

the personified bodhi, says Mil.; tugs-rjei

bdag-nyid dkon-mcog-ysum o grace personi-

fied, Triratna! Glr. ;the Ommanipadmehumis saiis-rgyds fams-cdd-kyi dgons-pa fams-

cdd ycig-tu bsdus-pai bdag-nyid Glr., i e.

the sum and substance of all the sentences

of all the Buddhas concentrated in one

word; bdag-nyid-cen-po, ce-bai bdag-nyid=

rdzogs-pai sans -

rgyds chief Buddha,

Silkyathubpa, S.O. 2. sbst. pronoun, first

person ,I

, eleg. , expressing modesty and

respect to the hearer or reader, without

amounting to our 'my own humble self,

v. prdn-bu; plur. bdag-cag, bdag

- rnams,

bddg-cag-rnams ,also in a general sense:

we mortals Thgy. ; bddg-cag fson-pa-rnams

we, these merchants here Dzl. 3. the I,

the ego = gdn-zag Was. (269). 4. master,

lord, for bddg-po, v. below. 5. in natural

philosophy the element of solid matter; also

for air Stg. bddg-po l. proprietor, master,

lord; bddg-poi sgra the syllable pa, as de-

noting the active agent, i.e. him that has

to do with a thing, e.g. rtd-pa (not to be

taken as 'definite article' 6s.) ;thus in many

compound words: Kdn-bdag, kyim-bdag etc.;

fugs-rjei bddg-po lord of grace, Awalokites-

wara, Glr. init.; supreme lord, liege-lord,

klui bddg-po=

dbdn-po, rgydl-po', patron.

2. husband, lord, spouse; hence *a-ma ddg-

pOj or srin-mo ddg-po*, a vulgar and ob-

2G8

some el·jlspirit; ydonoJug.pa the enteringof a demon into a person; rm-1ld-::(I·bacertainty, surety; Ik bywi.Qa-la or di b.!JUlIbar ,don 'IIli ::a there is no doubt of sucha thing ha\·jng happened; gen. nd\'.: rddn-mj.za-bar undoubtedly, indu~itably, fdrmmi-o(~al-JJar D:::l. id.

~"~r )'don-pa ~. fut. of oJ071""p(l.

~"r rlldi-pa, Lu~. - ri!J$-1itin,~,

an outcast, a man of the lowestand most despised Cl\$te, still below thedmu,i-ng8. The Tibetan word for this castewas perh. originnlly ddl..pu fisherman, nndhas afterwards been trnnsferred to all persons that gain their livelihood by the killing of animals, and consequently are despised as professional sinners.~. ldos L fefler, chain; l'dos-((if! fctter

., in n fig. sense, bondage, 'i'/,gy. -2. material existence(?), matter(?), rdQ8-bi:us,(b)rcm.bCJs, material, corporeal, rdol'rbM.skyi ius 'l'lIgr., frq.; rJos.bCru-su yrob-pamJ:d (these things) are notiJing material,they have no substance 'J'i'gr.; r:Jo$-IIt.Jtiimmaterial, unsubstantial; rdrh-fJU re-ba seemsto be the SIlme as rdos-l.X:a$, anu perh. alsordth-pa od..'"in Lu. - 3. tdos brgtJdb-pa Cfor IV. ·fa kU71 91l1.ib-~, v. r!;im-ma.

~.'f rd68-pa I. ~)'dOl(?) - 2. C3. mast,sail'yard; acc. to Len:. something

pertaining to a ship; rd63-lrn oar Se1l.q~l:ff lxIa[l 1. self, >ia bdn[l for lia 71l1id Dzl.

'~s. 14; gen. in the objective case:myself, thyself, one's sell; Wag 8ton rza71 smadto praise one's self, to blame others; Mugsrwi-ba to de\·o!.e one's self to solitary contemplation; or as a genit.: bdo[l-!ji one'sown, my, mine; bdag""fli 8hns-la fmad lIereproved himself Dzl.; bdd[l - tu ~d::ill'PIl;

bday - odzin the clinging to the I, the at·tachment to one's own sel~ egotism, frq.;bdag dan bday-gir c4z£n-pa attachment tothe J and mine S.O.; bddg-tu, ltd·btl prob.id., T(lr.35,18,&hf.: Atmaku.theory,bda[lmed-pai C08 Tar. 36, 1 the Aniit.maka, thecontrory; bdag - mAl l'mim ·1)a f1l!Jis urement.ioneu in Tllg!h prob. := gd,i - zd£/ - f{i

bdag-mM., and lOt-kyi lx/ag-mMMil.J:-. XII.;bdr!Y-fJir med S.O.; bday-mld ultimatelycoincides with MQlj'J'iVnyid, Bum. I., 462med. In common life, bdag - mal is alsoused for another, ·dag - mAl- kyi mi- id.;·d.a{j-mM.la mIl tali· do Dot give it to another; bday-rzan J and others, one's selflUld others; lxWtrll!Jid l. ... bdag I myself,thou thysell, he hil"(lself, bdag-nyld.la YSOIl'ny listen tv me! Ptk; ryydl-po bOOg.nyfdthe king himself Dzl.; Ea-ag ni bdag-"llyidrdb - tu ob!Jiui - bw' }'sol some ask for tbepermission of hecoming priests themselvesDzl.; b<lag'll!J1d oba.Ug only for their ownpersons 'l'II{j!J. 2. sbs!.. the thing itself, thesubstance, the essence, b!Jml- clIb-selJlJl-kyibthl[l-ll!Jid !Jin I am the essence of bodhi,the personified bl'Jdhi, suys Mil.; (Ufl8-1jeibdag-ll!!id dJ.xm-mi:oy·f8um 0 grace personified, Trirat.na! Glr.; the Ommanipadmehnmis SlUi8-JYI!J<i8 (ama-Ctld-I,:yi (lgon8-pa (am8rud rH[l-tu indus-pal' bdag-llyid Glr., i e.the sum and substanee of all the "entencesof all the Buddhll$ Con\~entrnt.ed in oneword; bday"'1l.'1id-cen-po, ce·bai Mag-tlyfd- rdzog8 - p(li sa,is - rg!Jds chief Buddha,Sukyathubpa, S.O. - 2. shst. pronoun, firstperson, I, eleg., expressing modest)' andrespect to the hearer or reader, withoutamounting to our 'my own hUlllble self',\'. fn'dn-bu; plur. bdag· CllY, bdei[! - nlalllJl,

lxlrig-cag.mam8, also in a general sense:we mortals 'l'llgy.; bddg-eag (8o,i-pa-manlswe, these merchants here Dzl. - 3. the I,the ego - gan.::.ag Was. (:26\.1). - 4. master,lord, for beJog·po, \'. uelow. - 5. in naturalphilosophy the element of solid matter; alsofor air St9. - bdug-po I. proprietor, master,lord; bdag·poi 8gra the l'iyllable pa, as de·noting the active agent, i.e. him that hllSto do with a thing, e.g. rto-pa (not to betaken as 'definite article' ('.); thus in manycompound words: ItdJ-bday, kyim-bd<J.g etc.;(ug8_r)ei bddg-po lord of grace, Awalokiteswarn, GIl'. init.; supreme lord, liege-lord,Hui lxIdg·po _ dlKi...·po, t'g!Jdl-po; patron.2. husband, lord, spouse; hence -&-m~ ddg)1' or 8ri,l-1II!! ddg-po·, a vulgar and ob-

scene word of abuse. bdag(-po) />/

l>ttto rci^n over, to possess, prop, with In,

l>ut ;\\^ \\ith nccus. tj/ut- sd - at /"/-/

y/.s

A</m/ A//<f.sTibet reigned over the province

<.f (ilia: \V. also: to treat rudely, to handle

rooghly; lx/<i</- tu byds

-put bud - i/inl a

married woman Thgy.; bdt^-po-mtd-pa(col. in/can) unowned, e.g. of a dog, !'//< ;

forlorn, friendless, without a patron, a va-

gabond; also for an unmarried \voinau; also

as an abusive word.

Comp. bdag-rkyen (as yet not found in

books) seems to denote kindness, attention,

help, received from a superior, (yet, it would

seem, not without some obligation or other

existing on the part of the latter, and thus

the word differs from bka-drin). bdag-

nyitl, bduy-mhl v. above. bdag-bzun Glr.

prob.=

bdag-po. bdag-bsrun hermit.

bdd - ba I. adj. resp. savoury, well-

tasted, for zim-pa- 6'. col. *ddn-te*.

II. vb., pf. bdas = Oded-pa, 1. to drive,

to drive out, pyugs cattle; to chase, to put

to flight Dzl. ; Ids-kyis, Ids-kyi rlun-gis bdds-

IHIX in consequence of works, of certain

actions, frq. 2. to carry away, along, or

off. to hurry off, a'i-bos bdds-pai gliti land

can-led away by water Cs. 3. to call in,

collect, recover, bu-lon debts Dzl. -- 4. to

reprove, rebuke, accuse Sch.; bda- ded byed-

pa />.r., Cs.: 1. to drive, to carry. 2. to exa-

mine, to investigate.

2"

bdar for bda-bar.

* bddr-ba, rddr-ba, to rub.

i.e. 1. to file, to polish <///-..

to grind, to whet; bddr-rdo whet stone, hone.

2. to rasp, e.g. sandal-wood Glr.;

to grind.

to pulverize, pye-mar bddr-ba to grind to

powder, Lexx.; Icdgs-bdnr a file, nd-lnlar

a rasp.- - 3. so bddr - ba C. to gnash or

grind the teeth; pyug bddr-ba to sweep B.;

byi and/-/// Inldr-ba to clean, to polish Dzl.

- Ma. in two passages : to pray earnestly,

which is the meaning required by the con-

text, confirmed also by several Lamas.

nnlitii-Jn bdur-lxi l.c.i-.: q^fj. to place in

front; to lead; to appoint; show; inspect;

prefer; honour. -*/_//,-/-//,// fee or reward

given to an MCOH >'<'//. ///</,//-> >

si'/tm-^i/i />r</,ir-.^t tin- m-i\--. -iueWH'(J');lnliir-s,/.

j,

examine closely Mil.; /a/;-,// *////*

foil ('. take it seriously to heart.

bddl-ba \.

bduy-j>a 1. \1.pf. A,/////.-*, to fumi-

gate, to burn incense, to swing the

censer Dzl. 2. sbst. the burning of incense;

perfume, frankincense, more tnj. //</////-

odours of incense arise l*th.

'q* bduh-ba v. rdiin-ba.

- bdtnl, N.s/-.jfpr;, Mong. .-'//// /<//>. the

personified evil principle, the Evil One.

the Devil, the adversary of Buddha, and he

that tempts men to sin, but not like Satan

of the Bible, a fallen spirit, nor like Ahrimanof the Persians, an antagonist of Buddhaof equal power and influence, but merelyan evil genius of the highest rank, by whose

defeat Buddha will finally be tho more glori-

fied. He is also identified with the god of

love (Cupid), cR*; v. Kopp. I. 88. 111. 253.

In later times he has been split into four,

and subsequently into numerous devils; also

female devils, bdiid-mo, are mentioned.

bdud-rf&i(n*pr. *pn) 1 the drink of gods.

nectar, frq. ; fig.: co+4yibcHid*rti the nectar

of the doctrine, and similar expressions;

even common beer, when drunk by a Lama,

may resp. be called so. -- 2. a praising

epithet of medicines; bditd-rtei-1/in-lnm a

bath prepared of a decoction of five holy

plants, viz. sug-pa, bd-ln. fw-fxid. Kdin-pa,

and ^om - bu. -- 3. myrobalan, Terminalia

citrina, Wdn. 4. a kind of brandy (?)

5. bdud-rtei-dmdr-po a demon.

bdun 1. seven. !*liin-i>n. /x/w-/*/. ( t.

dgu\ bdun-cu seventy; /nlnn-ru-i-f*a-

ycig, ( W. *b<fun -hi- don -fcig*), don-}

seventy one etc.; bilun-bryyd seven hundred,

Ixlun-stdn seven thousand etc. ltt-kyi

bdun-po the seven (principal) parts of the

body, viz. hands, feet, shoulders, and n

_ne '\'ford of abu;;e. - M.g(-po) by«J_P'f' to reiR:Q. on'" toI~ proII. Wilh 'U.buL Also ....itl. ACeIl$. gAil - M - la bdd-JyiIMotg bya. Tilw\ reigned OH" tIle p,01'inc~

of Gila; n: .lso: to Irellt ruddy. 10 handlerotIghly; Mag - m !JB(Q - 1Mi btu./ - ""'I •married woman TArn.; bd"!l-po._l-pa(col. rJe.llw) unowned, e.g. of " dog, lTic;loriom, friefldlus. .....itbout a patron. a va.gabond; &1..0 for aD unmarried .....omllu: .150• lIn .busi,-e '\II-ord.

Compo bdag-rl:y/II. (as yet not found inhook.'!) seems to denote kindness, atlenliol\,tldp, ~"ed from D ~uperior, C)'ct, it 'II'ould~eln, Dot withou~ lIOlIll! obligntion or ot1ll'.rexisting OD the plloTt of the latter, llod thusthe word differs from bku-tlrl7l). - !.xIay'ly/d, lx/ug-mM v. alxlve. - Ixlag-b::un Glr.III'Ob. - Mag.po. - Wa~r,i,j hermit.~~Q,'.::r bJri - lIa I. adj. f¢$p. savoury, well·

lasted, for Hm-paj C. col. ·ddn·U·.II. vb., pro !.N.lcu - odM-ptl, 1. 10 drive.

10 drive out, J1Jufll cAttlc; to chase, to putto flight D::l.; kU-k!lI;' la.-lyi rlitli-gil Wd~JIl.,. in con,;equern:e of worb, of cerlAi"I\ctions, frq. - 2. to carry away, along, oroff. to hurry off, ~-boI bdth-pui gliJ. landrarried a'uy by water u. - 3. to tall in,colleet. recover, bti-lm. debts fri. - 4. 10~l'O'fe, rebuke, accuse &ft.; Wa-.did h!jld_pa I~~., ('.: 1. to drive. to tarry. 2. to ext·mille, to investigate.

~~" War for bda-bar.

~-,,::r ~.::..::r Wdr_bu, rddr-ba, 10 rub,'I, i.e. 1. to file, to polish GIr-.,

to grind, 10 whet; bddr-Ttlo whet stolle, honc.2. to rasp, e.g. sllndal-wood Gl,..; 10 grind,to pulverize, l',yi-mur lKldr-ba to griod topowder, /~.u.; lCdgt-bdar a tile, ,d-lKlara rasp. - 3. 10 Mdr - htl C. to gnash orgrind the teeth; WilY lxidr-ba to sweep 11,;hyi Illd hi lKldr-ba 10 clean, to polish D::l.- Ma. iu ~wo pll.SSllg<'s: to prayeamesUy,",hieb is tbe mell.Ding required by tile ron~J[t, confirmed also 1Jy ;;e\'eral Laml\S- fNdi".-Ju lKIUr-ba Du.: ~. to place iafroot; lo leAd; 10 I\I'('Oiot; s1iow; in l)t(lt;

2(;9

prefer; bonour. - J:ytl-lltl&r f~ or ~ ....rdgiYMI to an ell('ort &10. - ""ltir· ... •'VI.:'~' bnltir-Mt llle ner..."" ~lIe••·(?);bdar-la rMJ-pa, and rtMt-brrldr }'Mtl-pn 16

~amine closely Mil.; ntit"'fJi -'- hnJlU'-inrod C take it seriou"ly to wr1.~af::J' bdOl-ba .... rll.il.JJa.

~::; =r lKHu.rl/U 1. \·b. pf. M1I9fI, te f....~ gale. to bam iRc:enM. t. swing tile

censer V::/. - 2 ,;;b~L the burning .f incense:perlume, lrankincense, more Irfj. !JJw,J""",bJw~..J.yi. lK/itg.pG, 1>::1.: btI~l~ .'.1odours of incense .ri~ /'tA.

~~C:.::r lKWt-JJa Y. "d";,.ba.~

=l~~' Mild, ~. ~. ~IOI.lg. iimllllJl, l!l('~ persomfied eVIl pnnrlple,the Evil One.

Ihe Devil, the "dnrsnr, of Buddllll, "ud heIhnt tempts lIlen to sin, but not like Sl\tl\llof the Bible, II f.lIen spirit, nor likeAhrirnallof tile Persi:\l15, lUI nntajlOnisl of Buddllaof equal power md iuftuen~. but merelyAU el'il genius of tbe biglll~~t rtInk, by wb&-edefeAt Uuddl,a will finally be tI,,, more g1orilied. lie is also ideolilied witb lbe god oflo\'e (Cupid), 1(Jf; v. Klipp. J. 88. III. i;)3.In later times be Ms beeo 51,li~ into four,AUt! suhseftuently inlo lIumerousduils; a1"ofemale dC!\'ils, lJdtitMNo, ate Itlentioued. _bdi«l-rla ('tJlI'1J1J. !""') 1. lite drink .1 gods.nutar. frq.; fig.; ro.-J.yilJtl~ the Jl«lar

of the doctrine, lind similar up~ions;e\'en romlllOD beer, ""ben drunk by. LaDla,.nay resp. be called >00. - 2. a Ilraising~I)itbet of medicines; 1N/1ff1-mi-l.m.'Inrt abalh prept.red of II decoction of li,,~ holyplants, "il:. iitg-pa, M-Iu, (u-pad, l.',I"..,1lI,and ~6Ir1- bit. - 3. myrobllan. Terll1ioaliacitrina, \I'd,;. - 4. a kind of bnllldy{?) _5. lxJull-rt.i-dm'/I"'"r>o A demon.

~~i' lxiUII 1. seven, M",j-lJa, btiliH-I'O, d.~ dgu; Millt-eu !lel'enl)'; lKl'IH..f:u-.""I_

]'i."!), (H( ·lxill11 - n, - tiOll - T~·), dO"-l'ng,litl\'enty one etc.; Mu,.-J,"fJ!Ifi ~Yell buudred.Mil_fda se,.en tllOu..aDd CI.e. - u.._ltyilxlti.1t-po lbe se,.ell (11riDcill&!) ltart.i of lllebOOr, \u. balld, fl!'et, 5boulden, and neck,

270

bdur-ba *q* Men-pa

(those of holy men are of a goodly size,

long and stately) Stg.--

bdun-prdg (/?-

dofttxf) seven days, a week, S.g.- - *dun-

na-tse* W. a child born before the natural

time, a seven months' child.

T bdur-ba Sch. to belong to a class (?).

- bde-ba(^, ^) vb., adj., sbst., bde-

po adj. Mil., C. (of rare occurrence),

bde-mo adj., col., esp. W., 1. to be happy or

well; happy; happiness; mi bde-ba the con-

trary of bde-ba' ?ia bde-ste as 1 am quite

happy DzL; bdeo he is happy, prospers,

flourishes; bde-bar byed-pa to make happy;bde - bar pyin - pa to come to a state of

happiness, of rest, to a place of safety ;bde-

barynds-pato be happy, to live in prosperity;bde-bar fton-ba to let alone, to let another

be happy; Kyod bde-bar btaii mi you we

shall not allow you to be quiet Mil. ; in C.

col.: *zo' de-mo-la mi zag* id.; bde-bar

gyiir-cig, resp. bzugs-Mg, be happy! farewell!

W.*de-mo ca zig*; bde-bar btsd-ba B.,

*de-

mo-la kye-ce* W., to be safely delivered of

a child;bde-bar ysegs-pa he that has entered

into eternal bliss, the blessed, Sch. (Kopp.

I, 91 ?) an epithet of former Buddhas, Ssk.

^TTFrT ;lus dan sems mi-bde'-bar Ogyur-ba to

be bodily and spiritually afflicted DzL ; mi-

bde - bai bdy-med-na fearless of adversityDzL

;mi-bde-bar Qgyur-ba to ache, of parts

of 'the body; mnal mi-bde-bar Ogyur-ba to

be in travail, to suffer the pangs of child-

birth; sems-bde, blo-bde, snyin-bde cheerful,

merry, glad ;sin - tu fugs-ma-bde-bar ddm-

bcas-te promising with a heavy heart, very

reluctantly Glr. ; dga-bde v. dgd-ba comp. ;

dus-bde (*-mo* W.} peace, a state of peace,

in 6'. frq. in conjunction with zod- jdgs or

sa-jdm; zi{-bai)-bde(-ba) the happiness of

rest, a happy tranquillity Glr.; peace TJigy .;

esp. the happiness of Nirwana Thgy., Mil. ;

o)ig-rten-gyi bde -ba-la cdgs-te fond of a

worldly life of pleasure DzL; bde-ba dan

Iddn-pa happy, bde-ba-can v. below; */nas-

skdbs-kyi bde-ba a happy situation Glr.;

mya-ndn-las Odds-pai bde-ba fob-pa to attain

to the happiness of NirwanaDzL, dtis-brtdn-

gyi bde-ba-la bkod dgos I must help him to

attain to eternal bliss Mil.; pan-bde v. pan.

- 2. good, favourable, suited to its purpose. . . na bdeo(W. *dd-mo-yin*} the best thingwill be, if I ... DzL; *gho de-wa yon* ('.

so it becomes intelligible; good, well-quali-

fied, well -adapted, Jca Ice bde-ba with good

organs of speech Pth.;smra-bde-zin know-

ing to speak well, well-spoken Pth. ; nydms-

rtogs-kyi smra Ice bde a tongue skilled in

speaking wisdom Pth.', in W. it is opp. to

rtsog-po: *lam de-mo* the road is good,

may be passed without risk. -- 3. in W.

bde is also the usual word for beautiful,

more accurately: *(T)td-na de-mo',

ma de-

mo* splendid indeed! *de-mo man-na-med*

it is only for show.

Comp. bde-skyid happiness, felicity, frq.;

bde- ^ro going to happiness, joining the

happy (spirits in heaven), also bder-^ro,

opp. to nan -Ogro; usually in a general

sense, like our 'heaven'; bd,e- gro mfo-^ris-

kyi lus fob-pa to receive a heavenly (glori-

fied) body.-- bde-cen felicity, consum-

mate bliss, frq. bde-mcog, 'sp^r;, ^T^fTi

a deity of more recent Buddhism, SchL 108;

Tar. --bde-Jdgs prosperity, welfare. -

bde-ston (ace. to a Lama's statement for

fabs bde-ba, ses-rdb stoh-pa-nyid) ,an ex-

pression for contemplation, v. Was. (144and 141). bde-spyod W., *de-cod* C. *de-

co'*, col. euphemism for privy.-- bde-ba-

can ^n^qf^ bde-ba- can -gyi ziit-Kams the

land of bliss, a sort of heaven or paradise,

in the far west, the abode ofDhyani Buddha

Amitnbha, v. Glr. chapt. IV., Kopp. II., 27.

-bde-byed he who or that which makes

happy 6s., sfcfi^.-

bde-byun ^, ^r;^,source of happiness, n. of Siwa; as symb.num.: 11. -- bde -bldg ease, content 6s.,

ace. to our Lama: quickness, speed, ndd-

pa bde-bldg-tu ysos-par Ogyur-bai mfsan-

nyid Wdn. a sign that the patient will soon

recover. bde-legs well-being; . . . las bde-

legs-su gyur-cig they shall recover from ...,

they shall prosper again after . . . Dom.

_p -...bden-pa, ^^y, I. vb. 1 . to be true,

and adj. true, Kyod zer-ba bden-no

270

(those of holy men are (If :to goodly size,long und stately) Sig. - bdU11-iml!J (E{Jd"IU}t;) seven days, ll. week, S.!,. - -dli'n1la·t~e· W: a child born before the lllltumltime, n se\'cn montlls' child.

-==l~,,'=:r lxlul'.ba &11. 10 belong to a class(?).~

~~'::r bde-ba ('1l1f, 'V~) ,·b., :ldj., sbst., Ix/,t.\ po adj. Mil., 't'. (ofrnre occurrence),

IxlM/l(} adj., col., esp. 11'., l. to be happy orwell; happy; happiness; '/IIi bdi...Jm the controry of bdi-fnJ; "a bdi-ftl liS 1 am quitehap!,y Dzl.; bdto he is Ilappy, prospers,tlourislles; bJi-bar b!Jid·pa to make happy;lxM - bar f)y/u - Pit to come to a sttlte ofhUllpincss, of rest, to a place of safety; MAobal'rnds-pato be !lappy, t<l}ive in prosperity;bele·oar ;-toli-ba to let nlone, to let anotherbe 1HII'PY; I:yo,] lxIi-bal' bta'i mi !}QJi weshall not n1Jow you to be quiet Mil.; in Ccol.: .;g' a,l - 1/lQ -fa mi ::1I!f id.; !IIle-oarY!Jlir-Ciy, rcsp, o::ugs-iiig, be happy! farewell!IV, 'de-1m) fa ;1:9\ bdi-bllJ' bhd-oo B., "demo-la k!j'!-I\e" W:, to be safely delivered ofn cbild; bde-bal' rli;ys-pa he that has eutere(linto eternal bliss, the blesiled, &1/. (Kopp.I,91?) an ('l,ithet of former Buddlms, Ssk,'!1J1'f; Ius dmi selllS '1111·-bde-!.Jar c!!!Jur-b« tobe bodily and ~piritunlly afOieted D::l,; mibd,; - ooi Odg-metl-na fearless of adversityD::l.; 1I1i-bJi·OOr cgyur.va to ache, of Il/U't>;of·the body; ",uialmi-fx/e-bar cyyj,/'-!Ja tobe in trnwlil, to sulfer the pangs of ehildbirch; Berlu-fxM, Uo-lH.II, 8nyi!i.vf!C cheerful,merry, glad; !<in -lit (1I!f4-fT1u-bJr-oal' dum&\1$-11' promising witll a Ilea",)' heart, verrreluctantly Gb·.; dga-lxll \'. dgd-ba comp.;dU8-lxli ("-mo" W) peace, a state of peace,in C. frq. in conjunction with zoo-Jugs or81l-Jam; 3:i(-ba1)-Me(·oa) the happiness ofresl, a happy tranquillity Glr.; peace 'fJ,y.'l.;esp. the happiness of Kirwana Thgy., Mil.;Jig-rten-t/yi bJi - btl -fa cdgs-te fOlld of aworldl), life of pleasure D:1.; lxlJ-ba dailMJn-pa hupp}', lHli-ba-can v. below; ;11«3sM14-lyi bde-ba a happ}' situation Gil'.;1IIJja-,iall-las cdd8-pai IxIUa fOb-pa to attainto the happiness of NirwanaDd.; dus-orltin-

!d

,1!Ji Ixli-ba·la Mod d!l08 T mast. help him toatt.'\in to eternal loliss Mil.; l}an-bde \'.11(/11.- 2. good, favourable, suited 10 its purpose••• l1a bdeo (IV. *di-rno·yin*) t.he best. tIlingwill loe, if J .. , D:1.; *Y//O dC-lea yo,;* ('.so it becollle's intelligible; good, well-quali.fied, well-adapted, l.!a ice bdtf-b« witb goodorgans of ~peeclJ Ptll.; srnr«-lH./e-ZlI' kllOw.ing to ~pel\k well, well""poken 1>tk; 1I!Jdms'rtogs.kyi smra !l'e bde 1\ tongue skilled inspeaking wisdom Hit,; in W. it is 0PP' torls6g -]XJ: *Ia m de - mo" t.he road is good,llIay be pl\ssed without risk, - 3. tn IV.fxle is also the usunl word for beautiful,more accul'Rtel)': -(l)td.na dt-mo; mtl tie'nIo· sphmdid indeed! *((MIIO 'I1lml-1Ia-lIlhl"it is <lilly for show.

Compo bde-tkyfd happiness, felicity, frq.;IxM - of/I'O going to hnlJPiness, joining thehaWY (spirits in henvell), also fxL!r-ofIl'Q,0llp. to ,itin - ofIl'O; usually in a genernlsense, like our 'heaven'; lxIe-of/ro fI/(o-ris!."!Ii llls (Ob-p(l to receive a heavenly (glorified) oolly. - bJe - een felicity, collsumr\Ulte blis~, frq, - bde-m'&JrJ,~. ~,a deity of more recent Buddhism, &M.108;'lUI', - bde - Jags prosperity, welfare. fxle-st6it (acc. to flo Lama's statement for(abs lxIi-ba, ~e8-1'ab SIOli-pu-nyid), nn expl"t!:>sion for contemplation, v. Was. (144lUld 141).-bde-sp1l1ki W., "dr-iwr C. "dl'I\!?-, col. euphemism for privy. - &M-bacan ~\!ifil", lxM-oa-call-[Iyi ti'i-ltams theland of bliss, /1. sort of heR\'en or paradise,in tbe far west, the abode ofDh)'lmi HuddhaAmitubha, v. GIl'. chapt. LV., K;;pp. H., 27,- lxIe-byfil he \1"110 or that. which makeshappy ac" ~. - bde-bJjIU' Wij', 1A'\lIl',source of happiness, n. of Siwu; as symb,num.: 11. - Me - bldy ease, content G.,nce. 1(1 our Lama: quickness. speed, ndJpa bde-bWg·tu p<i8-JXlr .,!Jyur-bai mflwnn,lJ1d Wd,i. a sign thaL the patient will soonrecover. - We-Mgs well·being; ... las lxlrIIgNU gyur.8g they shall reco,'er from ...,they "hall prosper again after ... Dom..q~,;"=.r l>di:n-pa. lJ1If, r. \·1,. I. to be true,

"'n and adj. tnJe, !.'yod ;ir.va bd6H/4

271

what \ou say is true, you an- n-lii

Mdg-gi* i/i/i's-/mA<A ;

//-/////.s it being true

that I committed a fault />;/.: <!,'-/> :t'/i-<lu

Inli'n *//</ ii illicit be true after all Glr.:

siit -titi/n/'t Ixl.n to be sure, that is true!

(!lr ; i/i'Ixli'ii-jxtr iti's-sam is it quite cer-

tain that this is true? Glr.; e Men ltds-la

Ixli'n - par Odity- no ... see whether it is

true, and if it is, then . . . /'//*.; bden-par

Od;in-pa to believe to be true, to take for

granted bdi'n-od:in :/i/-na the illusion being

destroyed T/ujr.; *den-ce-i-e* W. (for yid-

ces-pa} to believe, to be persuaded of the

truth, frq. ;bden bden very true indeed!

certainly; bden-bden-'tna prob. somethingin which there is much truth Tar. --2.to be in the right, to be right, kyed bod-

l>l<i-mams bden ye Tibetan ambassadors

are in your full right Glr.' *na a -sal-la

dim-pa soil* W. I have evidently been right.

II. sbst. 1. truth, in the abstract; but

usually: something true, true words etc.,

bden-pa smra-ba to tell or speak the truth;

as adj.: true, veracious Sty., (W. *den-/></

or-/.r

aw*); mi-bden-rdzvn this is not truth

but falsehood Glr.; bden-pa mfoh-ba to

discern, to know, the truth, a degree of

Buddhist perfection Tar.- bden-pa bzi the

four truths, the four realities, viz. pain,the origin of pain, the annihilation of pain,and the way of annihilating it, v. Kopp. L,220. Whether, when bden-paynyis are

mentioned, they refer to two of the just

named realities, or whether they alwaysdenote absolute (objective) truth (don-ddm-

pai bden -pa) and subjective truth (kun-

rd:<'il>-kyi bden-pa') as mentioned by Was.

(293), I am not prepared to decide, nor

am I able to explain the meaning of lain-

tiyi bden-pa and ^j6y-pai bden-pa (Thyy.

frq.). bden-pa-nyid seems to be a tech-

nical term for truth, though the Buddhist

understands by it nothing but ston-pa-nyid.

Nevertheless, the possibility of its being

misapprehended from this reason oughtto be no obstacle to the word being used

in its original sense, and re-estal>lislird in

its proper right, the more so, as Buddhist

philosophy make... but a morUiv ! until,

by identity in-,' it with a m-^ation of reality.

2. = lnl<>n-txiy, v. below. Mil.

Comp. *tl>'ii -dnii. il/ ii -iltt* H". in truth,

certainly. bdm-i>n a true, a just man i *.

bdi'n-bral ('.: i. -void of truth, unjust

2. southwest part or direction . /////-ftty

1. a true word Mil., but usually .'. a >o|.-mn

neveration, often combined with a pra\to which the power of speurint: infallible

fulfilment is ascribed Dzl. and eU<-wh.. frq.

bden- dzin v. above.

bder -bdt-bar; ya.ii-bdi'-i whichever

you like, at your pleasure; //-/*///

has a similar meaning, v. Tar. (J9, 14,

and prob. al>o l'.l 4; bder-bkod \. jjr'id-

pa bder-^/ro v. Ixli'-hn.

qrrn- bdo-ba 1. (.'&. 'abundance, exuberance ;

more con*., arc. to Z<un.. where it

is explained by dur-ba and ?fV?f (unbound-

ed), to extend (intr.) without bounds. 2.

with /a, to hurt, to injure a person l)<nn.

and clsewh.; dyra bdo-ba \. xilnii-lxt.

Z&rn'rr bdoy- pa I. vb. 1. M'. to get or

take possession of, to stow away,

to house, *ston-toy* the harvest: to put into,

*gdm~mi ndn-du* something into a box;

to lay up or by, to keep. esp. *<%-& bor-

<V* in store, on hand: *uy naii-<lv. iloy-cc*

to hold one's breath _'. H. to be in

possession, to be possessed of. iren. with

la, like yud-pa, de-la rds-yi'ty fciy bdog

he is in possession of only one piece of

cloth Dzl. ; Kyod-la Odi- dra-bai tldb-mo

/><!<'></ -<///< have you sueli scholar.-.;' !>:!.;

nor mi bdny-JKI l):l. poor; dyon-pa ni

iii'i/'i-iid /></<></ Mil. where have you (where

is) your mona>tery? May-la }>H<i-f>a MogI have a cavern Mil.: in an absolute >en-e :

fab* bdoy-yam mi lxli></ are there any means

or not? Ma.; H'. *yin-<fay-iaii* is staled

to mean proud, arrogant; *py-<loj-can* IH-

that saves money, a scraper

II. sbst. wealth, riches. H.: cog to

bddg-po./n/nil-ba. pf. of O

di'til /m. l>:l. fiq.

(s. 1. C.)

nnldy-pa a sort of large unburnt

bricks of mud or clay Ct.

whllt )'OU >'lIy is true, )'OU /lfe right IJ;:/.;lHhi!J6!Ji6 "!Ji3-J1/~ blNn-!/!/i3 it being truetbllt I Commiu..d "' fnult lJ:I.; 1[(-ut;II-f!rt

IxIni 31'ill it miqht be true afwr nil GII'.;Mil-lit !Jm; lx{rn 10 00 ~ure, that iOl true!Gl,. ; dl' bdhl-pUI' li':l~am is it quite cer!/lin that this is true? Glr.; ,.'bdtn lt63-laoilbl -l)ar .ditg. Ita ••• ~ee wlJetber iL istrul', Imll jf it is. th('n ... ['til.; IxUn-pal'oll.:ill-pa to belif.\\"c 10 be true, to !nke forgmnted lxlrll".d.:in Zig"la the jJlu~ion being,Ie~troyed 'l'hyr.; °dh,_ct-U W. (for !lidCt'lJojJII) 10 [J(·lieve, 10 be 1>cI'sullded of tltetruth, (rq.; bdm Well \'cry true indeed!certAinl,)'; lxlm-lxlCn-ma proh. sometbingiu whidl there is much truth Tal', - 2.to be in the right, to iJc right, J.:yrd bodblOlI-I'flallll &.11!1l re Tibclnn nmbnssndor.>lire in your full right Gk; .,,(1 6-adl-laJell-paaQJi·'V. I hnve twidently been right.

II. sust. I. truth, in tbe nbstl1lctj butusually: something true, true wonts etc.,bJIIl-PII IIIII'a-ba to tell or speak the truth;as Mj.; true, veracious Sty., (IV. ·tftlll~lm

::"r-~f(lll·); lIIi-/J(J('II_rJ::i", this is not tnlthlout fnlschood GII'.; bdeli-pa 111M,; 0 ba todiscern, to know, the truth, a dcgree ofBuddhist perfection 1'al'.; lHIen-pa b!:i thefour truths, the four renlities, vir.. pain,tho origin of pnin, the llllnihilation of pnin,(Illd the WilY ofnnnihilllting it, v. Kiipp.l.,t20. Whether, when Mbl- pa 1'1I!t;a nrcmentioned, they refer to two of the just"limed realities, or whether the)' nlwn)'sdenote absolute (objectil'e) trUtll (J(m-Jdmpai bdbt -1m) und subjeeti\'e trulh (~'IIIl

'/'(I::(ib-~'!Ji Millopa) as mentioned o}' Was.(293), I am not prepared to decide, nOlOnm I null' to e:cplain the menning of IdmflYI bdht-l'tJ and "gdg-Imj MiI'-pa ('J"'!I!!.frq.). lHIl'll~pa-lIyitl sel'ms to be l\ technicnl lerm for truth. though the BuddhistlInderstllnds L}' it nothing but 5to,i-lJa-1IyM.Nevertheless, the possibilitJ of its beiugmisapprehended from this rel\son uughtto be no oLstncle to the word being' lIsl'!din its originnl seul)e, and re-estl\l.lishea inits proper riglIt, the more 60, all Buddhist

r"

271

IlliilllliQllllY make.; Lilt II. moeloory of tr'llb,It)' identifying i~ ""ith II. lll':.:"tiull of rt'Illity.- 2. _ bttN~-(';!I, Y. ~Io'l\" MiL

Compo °tlhl_tlm;, 1/f1l_lia· II': in truth,certainly. - btfell-lK1 a true, a jUlt man (t.- lx/etl-imU u.: l. 'void of truth, unjulL2. southwest part or dirtction'. - iJt.!f'II_(61!1I. (l true won! ,lIil., but usually 2. a liolcumIls,o;cvemtion, oftl'llcombined wilh Aprayl"r,to which the ro""'er of securing infalliblefulfilment is llscriLed Dd. ftIlU d~wli., frq.- btl(,1too,ld" Y. IlUovc.=l:~,,- bJN' =- bdl-bal'; f1wi-lxlh whichever

"'\ you like, at your pleasure; ri -lxl;,.ha.s n similor OleNling. \'. 'ruI". (m, 14,nnd prob. 1I1;:o 19"2, 4; lxIl',..bkf.,,1 Y. o!If5tlI'" btlk- 'f''O \'. btU-htJ.~';.~.::r bJd·ba I. C•. 'abundance, exuberance';

I more eorr., ace. to ZlWl•• '" bere itis explained by t/ti,.-l!a and fu (lInLouudI'd), to extend (intr.) without bounds. - '1.wilh la, to hurt, to injure 1\ pef9011 [)om.and dsewh.; d!P'(l bdd-ba Y. ~M,i-bo.

.::i';.9'~ bddy 0 pa I. \·b. I. IV. to get or"" take possession 01, to stowaway,

to hOllse, ·stotl-tOf/ the Iulrvest: to put inlo.·9t;III-11Ii lldli_li,,- ~omething inlo n hox;to Jay up or by. to keep. I'!Sp. ·,l<i<.t-t~ Mrct· in store, on bamt: ·IIY 11Jilio(fll tfdy-~to hold one's brenth - 2. n. 10 be inpossession, to be possessed 01, gen. withIII, like y6ll-pa, Jt-I« rd.-!}';g Trig Ixloyhe i~ in POAAc~:;jon of olily one )lieet' ofcloth D::l.; Ityo.t-la olli-.drll-bal ,IOb-1I1<1lxlJg-gtJm hn\"e )'on I'ucll se!lo):Ir;t? 1>;1.;1101" TIll lxldtJ -1111 D::l. poor; 11:)&11 -/1<1 IIi

YU,;-1Il1 lHIOfI Mil. w!H're hl\\'c you (",here

is) your munn"teI'Y? 1JlMr!·{f1 1"'9-11(1 (,,(og

1111\\"1' II. e:J,I'ern Mil.: in an lIo~olute ~ll-.e:

fain btldtJ-yulII 1/1; litlOlJ Ilre tlJere Illl)' Illelln~

or not? JIll.; n~ ·yillo(/OfI-hw· i.. :;tnletl

to melln proud, arrogant; ·1P<j-<{o.J-rall· hllC

thllt sll\"e_~ money. II :;cmp"'r

U. :;bsl. wealth, riches. n.: co~ tolxltig-po.':::;'-r..J'.::r ixII'fU-bu, I'f. of ot/"liJ (nt, D:I. fHI·~ (;t. I. c.)

5:j-:n'':,j' /l1<!.iY-}1<1 lI. ~rl of 1~l};'e unburnt"'\ -I bricks of Iliud or clay (,4,.

mddg-ma."

mduii

glowing embers, live or

burning coals, mddg-mai don a pit for keep-

ing them, e.g. for the purpose of meltingmetals Stg.

mdan, also mdans, I . 6'., B. yesterday

evening, last night, frq. ; mddn-gi rmi-

lam, also mdaii - sum -gyi rmi - lam Glr.,

Pth., last night's dream. 2. W. yesterday

(cf Ka-rtsdft)', mdan-sdti Lex., Cs.: 'yester-

day and to-morrow, now -a- days'; perh.

erron. for den-sdn.

' mddn - ba Sch. : mddn - bai ynas

place of cremation, the spot where

the burning of the dead takes place.

STOSJ*mdaf>s I- Ssk-

^fr*TO\ ^Ri:> 1. resp.

sku mdaits brightness of face, fresh

and healthy complexion, also with bzin-gyiCs. ; mig -

gi mdans bright eyes Lt. ; yzi-

mddns = mdans;dmdr - bai mdans fresh,

ruddy complexion Glr. ; dmar-bai mddns-

kyis with a face beaming with joy Dzl.

and elsewh.; the brightness is destroyed

by disease, Oprog, frq., or is fading away,

Ocor Lt.; in a relative sense: appearance,

exterior, look, mdans-ftdn bad, ugly appear-ance S.g. 2. Med.: a hypothetical fluid,

the most subtile part of the semen, a sub-

stance that pervades the whole body, esp.

the skin, and is the primary source of

vitality; cf. Wise, Hindu Syst. of Med.,

Calcutta 1845, p. 42. 54. 201. -- mdans-

bsgyur n. of a species of bile. 3. bright-

ness, lustre, splendour, in general, nyi-mai,

Ojai B. and col.; fig.: dbdii-poi mddns-ma

mig ni iid-la med Pth. I am destitute of

the eye, that brightest of the senses, as

much as: the most excellent of possessionsis denied to me.

II. resp. dprdl-ba forehead.

ffQ* mda 1. arrow, rgydb-pa, Open-pa to

shoot (an arrow) ; smyug - mda an

arrow of reed, Icdgs-mda an iron arrow;

dug -mda a poisoned arrow Mil.; dpral-

bai mda an arrow lodged in the forehead

Glr.; me-mda i. a fiery dart. 2. gun, fire-

lock C. 2. any straight and thin pole

or piece of wood, e.g. the stem or tube

of a tobacco-pipe; sin-rtai 'mda pole or

beam of a carriage ; Icdgs- mda an iron

bar or rod, a ramrod etc.; cu-mda a jet

or shoot of water, frq.; *(i)kdr-da* W. a

shooting star. 3. = mdo 1. 4. symb.num.: 5.

Comp. mda-fcun loop-hole, embrasure.

- mdd - mfcan 1 . an archer. 2. an arrow-

maker Glr. mda-rgydn the range of an

arrow-shot Glr. mda-sgro the feathers

of an arrow 6s. mdd - cu the waters

discharged from the lower parts of a valley,

opp. topu-cu, those of the upper part

Glr. -- mda-lton the notch at that end

of an arrow which is placed on the bow-

string Pth. mda-ddr a little flag fastened

to an arrow; esp. an arrow with silk rib-

bons of five different colours. By hookingsuch an arrow into the collar of a bride,

the match - maker draws her forth from

among her maiden companions Glr. - mda-

dofi quiver.-- mdd -pa an archer; mda-

dpon the commander of the archers, a high

military rank 6'. - -mda-sprdd v. sprod-

pa.- - mda - ber perh. the more correct

form of ta-ber. mdd-bo a large arrow.

- mda-mo arrow- lot, a kind of fortune-

telling by means of arrows. -- mda-rtscd

byed-pa to amuse one's self with the shoot-

ing of arrows 6s. -- mda -fso a troop of

archers 6s. - -mda-yyu bow and arrows

Dzl. mdd-bzo-pa arrow-maker. mda-

ydb Glr. 1. Lex. pii-su, fence; hence

parapet, railing; yet a Lama from Tashi-

Ihunpo declared it to be the projecting part

of the (flat) roofs of large temples, on which

the parapet is erected. 2. a covered

gallery on the top of a house 6'.

mdufi 1- lance, spear, pike, mdun-

skor-ba to brandish, to whirl a spear

Cs.; mdun-Kyim Dzl. 96, 9 a frame for

leaning spears against; mdun-mUan a maker

of spears; mdun-fun, or Ofdb-mdun a short

lance or pike, a javelin. mdun-fogs Mil.,

mdun-pa a spearsman, a lancer. mduii-

ddr a lance with a little flag at the top.

mdun-rtse top of a spear, spear- head ;

mdun-sin shaft of a lance. mdun-bzo-pa

272

e-j-trr;r ~.~:::cr mdtij - ma, 1/1t - '11/(/119,'1"" 1"1 glowing embers, live Of

burning coals, mdug-mai doi. n flit for keeping them, e.g. for the purpose of meltingmet,,!s Stg.;,j-C: mda,;, also mdahs, I. C., B. yesterday

"1 evening, last night, feq.; nultiit-gi ,'mi-lum, nl,;o mda,i - sum - 9!Ji rill! - lam Gir.,/'Ill., last nigbl'~ dream. - 2. W: yesterday(d ,{'a-rlsali); mdati4dl' Lu" u.: 'yesterday and to-morrow, now-A-days'; perh.efron, for deil-sa,i.~~C:::r 'mild,j - La &1,.: mad;, - Lui FUM

place of cNlmation, the spot wheretbe burning of the nead takes place.;n::.~mduIi8 I. &&~. ii~, 1. rcsp.

"\ sJ..-u mdwis brightness of face, freshand healthy complexion, nlso with bi:in-[lf'pCs.; mig - gi 'lilJa/is bright eyes Lt.; rd1II(h1lis -- mdmi8; dmur _ bai mdmis fresh,ruddy complexion Glr.; dmaJ'_bai 1m/alis_J.:yis with a face beaming with joy D=!.IIml (>1sewh.; the brightness is destroyedby disense, ollJOOfI, frq., or is fading away,J!(Jr Lt.; in a relative sense: appearance,exterior, look, mdwi8-iidn bnd, ugly appearlInce S.y. - 2. Merl.: Il. h}11othetical fluid,the most subtile part of the semen, l\ substance that pervndes the wllOle body. esp.the skin, and is the pl'ironry source ofvitality; cf. WISe, lliudn Syst. of )led.,Calcutta 1845, p.4:1. 54. 201. - mdwisbsullur n. of a species of bile. - 3. brightness, lustre, splendour, in general, 1iyi""1Jlai,Jai 8. and col.; fig.: dM,i-poi mJd/is-ma'II/'{I lIi lid-ia Il1ed I'tlt. 1 lIm destitute ofthe eye, that brightest of the senses, asmuch as: the most excellent of possessionsis denied to me.

n. resp. dpl'dl-ba fGrehead.~~r:;' mda 1. arrow, Tffydb-pa" olin/-pa to

shoot (un arrow); slIlyug-mda nnllrrow of reed, li:dgt-mda an iron arrow;dug -mda a poisoned arrow Nil.; dp1'(ilbai mda an arrow lodged ill the foreheadGir.; '7IIe-mda l. a fiery dart 2. gun, fire·lock C. - 2, IUly straight and thin poleor piece of wood, e.g. the stem or t be

of a tobacco- pille; !iT. - rtai mda pole orbellrn of a carriage; lMtp -ll1ua an ironbar or rod, a ramrod etc.; cu-mda a jetor shoot of water, frq.; -(s)kdr-da- W. a

shooting star. - 3. = mdQ 1. - 4. symb.num.: 5.

Compo lIIda - I.'tift lOOp· hole, embrasure.- mdd ~ milan 1. an arther. 2. an arrow·maker Gil'. - lIIJa-rgya/i the range of lUI

arrow-shot GIl'. - 111Ja~rd tile feathersof an arrow G's. - 'tIllM - tu the watersdischarged from the lower parts of a valley.opp. to fit - rn, those of the upper partGIl'. - mila - /ton the notch at that endof nn urrow which is placed on the bowstring 1"111. - mda-ddr fL little flag fastenedto an arrow; esp. an arrow with silk ribbons of fwe different colours. By hookingsucb an arrow int<l the coUar of a bride,the match - maker draws ber forth fromamong bel' maiden companiolls Gil', - IIIJadon quiver. - 111110. - pa an areher; lIldadpoll, the commander of the archers, a higbmilitary runk G. - IIlda-sprad \". SPI'OOpa, - 'IIlda - M' perh. the more currectforlll of ta-ber. - 1Ildd-bo a large arrow.- mda-lIIo arrow· lot, II kind of fOitunetelling by means of arrows. - mda-l·tstHbyM-pa to amuse one's sclf with the shooting of arrows C,. - mda-fso a troop ofarchers Ga. - 7Ju!a-njU bow and arrow>;Dd. - '1J/dd-bzo-pa arrow·lDllkru'. - mil/!yab Gil'. 1. Lu. = PU-$U, fence; henceparapet, railing; yet a Lama froro TnshiIhunpo declared it to be the projecting partof tile (flat) roofs of large temples, on whichtill'! Ilnrapet is erected. - 2. a coveredgallery on the top of II. house C.~-l::' mdwi J. lance, spear, pike, mdllJi-

:J sMr--ba to bmndisb, to whirl a spenl'(8.; 7Julwi -IlYI111 D::l. 96, !) l\ frume f"rleaning .spearsaF:ainst; mduli-m!!atl a makerof s[JCllrs; mdwi·(u,j, or ofdb-mdun a shortlance or pike, a jarelin, - mdiui-(2!Js Mil.,mduli-pa a spearsman, a lancer, -1I1Jllndar II lance with a little ling at the top._ 'IIulU;'-rtu top of n spear, spoor- head;Iduli.-$iltshaft of a lance. -mdil/i-bzo.pa""

/IK/IK/

i. iiuliiii rtsi'-ysit 111-1*11 iridriil.

J. sting, of insects 6'., W., ///////// /-; /i//i/>-

IHI to sting. 3. ynt'i'-nnlfiii. diiul-indin'i

prob. the two frontal muscles Ml.

'

imlml Lt. a medicine (?).

"'dud-pa a knot, mdud-pa bdr-ba

frq., dud -pa Lt., bytd-pa Cs.,

*gydb-ce* W., to tie or make a knot, syrol-

fxt, gffrolrba, to untie (a knot); *dol-dud*

W. sliding-knot , slip-knot, *&in - dud* W.

a regular knot; skra-mdud knot or bowof ribbons holding together the long plaits

of the women; frq. fig. ser-snai mdud-pabonds of avarice Mil.; *nyiit-dud (161 -ce*

W. (to untie) to open one's heart to a

person ; mdud-pa-can. 1 . full of knots, knotty.

.'. cloddy (?) S.g.- - mdud- dra a disease

of the membrum virile, prob. paraphimosis

' mdun the fore-part, the front-side of

a thing; the vis-a-vis, mdun-gyi ndin-

inka-la in the heavens before him, over

against him, Glr. and elsewh.; mdun-g-yisadv. coram, face to face, mdun-gyis ltd-ba

to behold face to face; gen. c. la, wa, du,nas: 1. adv. before it, at it, to it, from it;

2. postp. before, at, to etc.; mdun-la ^6n-

ba, or sleb-pa to come up or near, rdn-gimdun - la sleb ma bcug he did not allow

(the pursuer) to come near; md&n-duskur-ba to send in advance; mdun-du

pijin-pa to come near, to approach; to

hasten to Pth*; mi mdn-po faogs-pai mdun-du in the presence of a great number of

people Dzl. sku-mdun-pa a waiting-man,

valet de chambre, v. sku mdun-lcoy v.

Icog-tse.-- mdun-na- don (C. *dim-ndn-

don*) 1. Lex. gORgd court -chaplain, do-

mestic chaplain or priest; so prob. also Ta/-.58,

17. 2. at present: a high civil officer or

functionary,= bka-blon, vizier, Sty. and

elsewh.

'mdun -ma, frq. in later lit.; one

Lama explained it by mos-pa,another by : 1. wife, 2. things, concerns; jig-

rten-gyi mdun-ma = ^jig-t't^n-gyi bya-ba.

>-Ka, arrow-head

/i.; nub-Kill ('*.: 'the furrow

grooves of an arrow-head'.

1. the lower part of a valley, where

it merges into the plain (opp. to //a),= mda; more frq. the place where one

valley opens into another, hence in gene-ral: the point where two valleys, roads

(Idm-mdo), rivers (cu-mdo) meet; Idm-

xni /I--//Hlor at the street-corners DzL; ysum-

mdo, bbi-mdo, c6(/-mdo the point where

three, four, several (roads etc.) meet, esp.

lizi-mdn a crossing, cross-road, as a place

of incantations; mdo prop. n. (in full: lar-

rtse-mdo) province of the eastern part of

Tibet, v. Kams',* do-ru* in C. used as

postp.= near, with, by, *nfi Odo-ru* with

me, *yul-gyi Odo-ru* near the village.

2. Ssk. ;&-% aphorism, short sentence or rule,

axiom;hence mdo-ru, mdor, mdo-tsam sdu-

ba to contract, abridge, epitomize, to give

only the main points, frq.; mdor(-$du)-na

in short, in general, altogether, on an average,

denique, frq. 3. Sutra, in the more re-

cent Buddhist sense, religious treatise or

dissertation, a sacred writing, mdo-sde a

collection of Sdtras, a part of the Kan-

gyur; mdo-sde-pa, mdo-sde-Qdzin Sautrfln-

tika, a school of philosophers, v. Tar.;

Dido-man title of several collections of Su-

tras; in quoting passages: md6-la^ nuln-

las, in the mdo, according to the mdo (viz.

is said, is written etc.) Stg.; mdo -snob

giving a benediction to the host for }\\>

entertainment Mil., cf.K<">f>}>.

I. 143. At

present a distinction is to be made between

mdoi or dbu-mai lam, and sndg*-kyi lam,

i. e. between the doctrine of the sacred

writings and a faithful and systematic study

of them, and of the more modern my>ti-

cism, which is mixed up with Siwaism,

and seeks to obtain spiritual gifts by means

of witchcraft, thus saving trouble and time:

v. Was. (142. 177), K5pp.ll, 29.-

prudent, indo-mtd imprudent, cf.

mdo-/'. tlio tibetanized

sedan-chair 7Y/.

18

1Iki,),.·JNla1t. - trJ(l,", ~1"""'-''''' lridenL2. sting, of in.secu c.:. W.. tlllluit btYJYdb

11(1 to sting. - 3. }vr-mdi"i, ,loiNi_fill'prob. tile two frontal mustles Ml!ll.

~I:\,I:\,' m(/u,i IA. l\ medicine (?).~

~I:\,,,:r lIIdNd-pa a knot, tttdiul-pa~",' frq., dlfd.pa Lt., byId-1'4 u.,

• 'L'A11" Cgyuu-cr: ., to lie or :m.ke a ..DOt, '!/f'OI.-btl, of/I'Ol-ba, to untie (a knot); ·t!6l-dtl/tIV. sliding.knot, slip-knot, ·.in _dll({'" II~

Il rf"gular knot; &I:ra - 'Ilf/Ud knot or bowof ribbons 1l0idiDg togcther the long plnitsof the womcn; frq. fig. a!r-Inui '1IlIlid-tlllbonds of ""lIrice Mil.; ·lIytli-d,,/ll/dl-U·W. (to untie) to open one's heart to A

persOIl; JHdIkl-pa-taQ. I.lvll of knots, knotty.!. cloddy (?) 8.y. - mdlid-.dra a diseaseof lhe membrum ,-inle, prob. paraphimosisMitg.

~I:\,~' nldl~'1 the for:e.part, the front·side of'" a thIng; the vls·A·vls, ,lUlfm-f}!Ji nd',I

tuA:a-la in the heavens Lefore him O"('T

Ag.inst him, Glr. tlod c1se,,·h.: lltd~n-gyj~.dv. coram, face to face, wtdiR"!!yfI ltd-bato ~hold face to uce; gen. e. Ill, 114, J.,lIal1: 1. ad,.. HJOrt it, al it, to it fl'9m it;2. pDl;tp. before, at, to etc.; tlldiH-iu #0-ba, or &kb-pa "" come up or Dellr, rdti-f}i1/IlUm-fa ,ft/; 7114 btug he did not 0.110 .....(tllC pursuer) to cOllle oearj mdi/11· (/"&.M,' - ba to send in ndvtlocej md,," - dl/,l>y.·n - 1'" to come omr. to IIpprolu:b; toh:LSten to 1'1".; ",i lIillil-po (..poi wtdimdu in the presence of " great number ofpeople Du. - lohI...dlin-pu a waiti,...man,vlld de chmbre, ". d.~ - ,oolln-fMg v.fMy-IM. - tndlm-aa_.dmf (C. ·dlftl-nan(f!.'fl·) I. J",.r. ~"', court-chapllin, do·

mesticchaplain or priest; so IlfQb.l\lso Tar. 58,17. - 2. at preseot: a high civil officer orfunctionary. _ bko. _bUn, \'izier, St!!. andelse_b.

~,,:,\6( .Idaffl - _, frq. ill later lit. j ODe

'" Lama espillined i~ by ..0. - pa,nnother U)': I. wife, 2. things. contems;.J~rtbt-f}yi mdill-ma - Jjg-rttr-v!/i byu-ba.

t73

oJ.l~t;. -Ina, ScI.. al", -tt-la, arrtw".n.: Ml/~ _lit' (i,: 'tbe flltfO'Il"S or

groove. of an .rro...·head'.~~mdo L the lower part of I valley, ... lIet"e

it lUerge~ inl.o tile 1,I.in «\I'P· to fJt-),_ nulll; more frq. the place where onevalley opens iuto aootber, hcoce ill ~~ral: the point where two nlleylt, road.(lam _tndo), rivc'" (bi. - .") .eet; u__.;....w.dor lit the strftt-come", J):I.; ,-_to, b!i-mOO, hY,rWfdlJ !he J.uint ..heN!tbret', four, !!eversl (rollds etc.) m~ esll.b!/'11illo a crossing, cross-l'Old, all II I'Jaceof ineuntntionsj milo prop. n. (in full: liarrtJt·,IHIi» province of the eMte.rn pIIrt ofTibet, v. la~tit; ••J6- "". in Co used aspostil. _near, with, by, ."...Jo.ni' 'Il"ithme, ·,I1.I""f!!/l· .~. near the village. -2. SJt. ~, aphorisna, short stntence or nde.

. b'axIom; eoee md6-Mt, ..for, ~t,f{J" «he--ba to contract, abridge, epitomite, to giveooly the main points, frq.; Hwlor(-II!w}-nain short, in gener.I, altogether, on In average,denilJue, frq. - 3. Sutr.. ;11 the more recent Buddhist sense, religious tfl!ati,:e ordis'-l!rtalioD, A sacred writing, MOO -.di acolleetioo of 8(1tn5, a part. of &he Kan..gyurj~,~.d..-j" Sautflutika, • school of philosophen, v. Tar.;tItfl'fH'"dit title of seversl collections of SotrlI8j ill quoting IIIlSSlIgCll: "Illd -la, ,,141~

fal, in the mOo, aceording to the "ldo (yil.i~ said, is wriuen etc.) Stg.; 'JItl/o-IIiOOgiving • benediction 10 the host fur hiscn~rtainmeDt AliL, c!. Kiipp. I, 143. ~\l

pfftCfll a disbntllon is to be made bet..een..Jot. or dW-Mlli In., ami~ -,i. e. between the doctrine of the~""riliogs and. faithful and I)·.tematie studyof them. - IUId of the mON! modern llIy"ti.eism, whieb is mili:OO up with 8iwllism,lind ,.eeks to obtain spiritual gifts by meaDaof '\I\'itcllcnft, thU'l ••,>ing trouble.nd time;v. Was. (142. 177), Kiipp. n, 29. - •. GoJIfolU-iaA prvdent, ...-__ illlpnideftl. c£

.4/0. -~,..:r Mdo-lJ, the tibetaniud mt lliIU

sectaft-c!llir PtA..18

'

mdog

274

mdog, resp. sku-mdog, colour (of.

Ka-dog} B., 61; mdog-Ugs of a beau-

tiful colour; mdog-mdzes \. id., 2. arose.

6's.; mdog-dkar-Kd perh. the more corr.

spelling for *do-gar-Kd* W., light-blue;

mdog-ysdl a species of gall, lit. 'purifier of

the skin', Med.

S|[^l'mdons 1. the white spot, blaze,

star on the forehead of a horse

(r/;-. and elsewh.;

2. the eye in a peacock's

feather; rmd-byai mdons, sgro-mdons, mdons-

sgro peacock's feather; mddns-mfa-can tur-

key-hen 6s.

mdons-pa = Id6n-ba, blind, phy-

sically and morally, B., mig-

mdons-pa, mdons-par Ogyi<r-ba, to get blind,

to be made blind Dzl.

mddns-ysol-ba Mil., mdons-

snl zu-ba or byed-pa 6s.,

to congratulate, to wish joy to another 6s. ;

Zam. explains it by Odim-pa to wish, an-

other Lex.:by no-dga joy; in the passageof Mil. it seems to signify thank-offering.

mdoms, sometimes writtenfor dows.

mdo$ a cross formed of two small

sticks, the ends of which are con-

nected by coloured strings <-J^>and used in

various magic ceremonies.

qccn-q- <>ddg-pa 1. Sch.: 'clay; cleaving, ad-

hesive, sticky.' In C. = jim-pa ( W.

*kd-lag*) a mixture of clay and water; Odag-zdl S.g. prob. id.

; Oddg-pa sbydn-ba to makesuch a mixture, Cs.; Odag-sbydr covering,or stopping up with clay, e.g. the chinks

of a wall or door,*dag -jdr Jbul- ba* to

render such service to a meditating Lamaas an act of piety. In Pth. Oddg-pa is men-tioned as a kind of plastic art, and evi-

dently signifies to mould, to model, to shape.2. = Iddg-pa Cs.

; Oddg-gu Lex. skyo-

ma, pap, pulp, prob.=

Ide-gu. 3. pf. dag,i . to clear, to wash away, to wipe off, dri-

ma, frq.; rtd-la sol-byuy (to clean) a horse

marked or blackened with charcoal Glr.;

sdig-sgrib (to wash off) the filth of sin Glr.

2. to disappear, of sinful thoughts Glr., some-

times ynds-su to their own place, is added

Oddm-pa

pleon. Mil. Participle ddg-pa clean, v.

ddg-pa."

dan v. dad.

Oddn-ba Sch. to come to, to arrive

at; cf. also l>rgya-Qdam, sub brgya.

nrr" Q2T* Odad, Odan, resp. sku- dad or

dan Lex. funeral-repast.

Odab a train of persons, /'ar- dab re-

tinue 6s.

Oddb-ma 1. wing, sprug-pa to shake

(the wings) 6s., yyob-pa to clapthem 6s. 2. ladle, float-board of a water-

wheel. - - 3. petal, flower-leaf, frq. ; odab-

br-gyad eight-petaled Glr.; v. Schl. Buddh.

^48. --4. any leaf, a broad leaf, also lo-

Odab. 5. fan 6s. 6. flag 6's. Odab-cagsa winged animal, bird, frq. Qdab-rdns-pafull of leaves; with leaves fully developedSch.

Odab-ys6g flag-feather, quill-feather.

Odabs, rarely Qdab, the side, lateral

surface, of a hill, of the body etc.;

surface, mcin- dabs of the liver Med.;in a

more general sense: sgdl- dabs the lumbar

region Med. ; pleon. : ndgs- dabs-na = ndgs-na in the woods Mil.

Odam mud, mire, swamp, earth and

water, = Oddg-pa, but as a productof nature; Odam-rdzdb B., *dam-tsog* W. id.

;

Oddm-du, Odam-rdzdb-la Jbyin-ba to sink

into a swamp; *dam -pdg(s)* W. muddy

plash, slough. Oddm-bu reed for thatching,

writing etc.; 6's. also sugar-cane; Odam-buka-ra? prob. a species of reed in wells or

ponds Wdrt.;*dam-bur* W. sugar-cane.

ddm-ka Zam., Oddm-ga, Oddm-na,ddm,- pa Cs. choice, option, den

san Oddm-ka byed-pa to choose whether

to-day or to-morrow Zam.;

cf. yddm,-ka.

Oddm-pa (or Odom(s)-pa Glr. prov.)

pf. Odams, imp. Odom(s), to choose,

to select, a bride Glr.', mi-ytsdn-ba Oddm-

pa such as choose impure things, cynical,

lascivious characters Stg. ; Odam-rin choos-

ing, turning over in one's mind a long

while; dgrd-bo ydn-pa mi ytan dam-rintabs -

kyis ydul prob. : not losing sight of

your enemy, constantly watching, put him

~~. 'tIltlog, rcsp. sku - mdO[}, colour (cf.lia-ddg) B., C.; '1Illlog-lkfl of l\ beau

tiful colour; mdog-mdzh I. id., 2. a rose.($.; mdoy-dkar-J..'a perh. the more Corr.sptlling for -do-[!w'-I!u- n~, light-blue;fIIdf/{J-)'s(U a species of gall, lit. 'purifier ofthe skill', ,lfed.

~~~. fIIdrnis 1. the white spot, blaze,star on the forehead of a horse

Glr. and e1scwh.; 2. the eye in a peacock'sfeather i ,'md-hllai mdo,is, sgro-m;}luis, 7IIdQn.~IJ!!I'O peacock's feather; 7IId6;'$-m(a-can turkey-hell Cs.~~~'!r mdQ/is'pa = Id6it.-ha, blind, phy-

sic:\lly lind morally, lJ., rm'gmllo,is-]!a, lIuMns-par 09Y,I/'-6a, to get blind,to be made blind Dzl.

~~~'~'V'~.~. md6ns-fsol-ba Mil., mdo;,s-stll ,hi-ha or blfil-pa (.'s.,

to congratulate, to wish joy to another (.'s.;

Zam. expl~ns it by odlln-pa to wish, another Lu:. by M-llya joy; in the pM-sageof Mil. it seems to signify thank-offering.

~~~mdowu,sometimes written for odom&.

~~. mao, a cross formed of two smallsticks, the ends of which are con

nected by coloured strings $, and used invarious magic ceremonies.

~~qr'r oddy-pa I. Sel,.: 'clay; cleaving, ad-hesive, sticky.' ]n C. <:> Jim-pa ( W:

-ka-lag-) a mixture of clay nnd water; oda[l=al S.g. prob. id.; oddfJ-pa shydri-ha to makesuch II mixture, (.'s.; o<hJg-,hyar covering,or stopping UI' with clay, e.g. the chinksof a wall or door, -odag - )ar oMl- ba- to

render such sen'iee to a meditating Lamaas an act of piety. In Pih-. oddy-pa is mentioned as a kind of plastic art, and evidently signifies to mould, to model, to shape.- 2. - ldd.q-pa C,.; olldg-gu l..e.-.:. _ s/.:y6ma, pap, pulp, I,rob. -ide-gu. - 3. I'£. dag,t. to clear, to wash away, to wipe off, drl·ma, frq.; ltd-fa 3Ol-blluy (to clean) a horsomarked or bluckened with charcoal Glr.;sdiy-&gdb (to wash off) the filth ofjiin GIl'.2. to disappear, of sinful thought6Glr., sometimes yndNU to their own place. is added

a

ploon. Nil. - Participle ddg-pa clean, v.dUg-pa.

a,~,=: odali v. odad.

a,-C:;'.q- oda,i-ha &h. to come to, to arrive"'i at; cf. also !ngya-odalis, sub blYllJa.

a..~:;" ~~F odad, odmi, resp. sku-odad orI I' da;/ l..e.-.:. funeral-repast.

~:;,.q- oddJ a train of persons, oAhr-odab rlI , tinue (.'s.

~~.::::r~' oddb-'ma 1. wing, 'prug-]Ja to shnke(the wings) lA., f,lj6b-pa to clap

thenl (.'s. - 2. ladle, float-board of a water_wheeL - 3. petal, flower-leaf, frq.; odabhrY!lw[ eigllt-petaled Glr.; v. ScM. Budd/,..,248, - 4. any reaf, a broad leal, also tooddJ. - 5. fan (.'s. - 6. flag O. - odab-caysII winged animal, bird, frq. - odab-rd,i'-pafull of leaves; with le\l.\'es fully developed&It. - odab-fU.'1 flag-feather, quill-feather.~~.q~' odalJs, rarel)' odab, the side, lateral

surface, of t\ hill, of the body etc.;surface, '11lcin·odabs of the liver Med.; in a

more general sense: ,yril-odabf. the lumbarregion Moo.; pleon.: nd{p-odabt.-na _ nags_na in the woods Mil.

~~~. odam mUd, mire, swamp, earth and.....ater, _ oddy-pa, but as a product

of nature; odam·rd;;db E., -dam-t3dft W: id.;odriln-du, odam-rdzdb-la obyiti-ba to sinkinto a swami); *dam - pag(s)- IV. muddyplash, slough. - odam-hu reed for thatching,writing etc.; C,. also sugar-canej odam-bul.:a-l'a1 prob. a species of reed in wells orponds Wdn.; -dam-bU'" w: sugar-cane.(.lR~Frr oddm-ka Zam., oddm-ga, odJm-na,""i oddm.- pa C,. choice, option, deli

'ali odam -ka byM. - pa to choose whetherto-day or to-morrow Zam.; cf. fddm-Io:a.

(.l-~-q odJm-pa (or od6m(,)-pa Glr. pro,'.)""i"'l pf. ol!t.mlS, imp. od~s), to choose,to serect, a bride Glr.; mi-ytsJli-ba i1dmpa such us choose impure things, cynical,lascivious characters Stg.; odw,,,,'bi cboosing, turning over in one's mind-II. longwhile; dgrd-bo yan-pa mi ftail odam _ riti(dbf. -lryiJJ fm,l prob.: not losing sight ofyg.ur enemy, constantly watching, put him

175

down, as soon as an opportunity offers,

N.//., and hence ze-sduit Odc/// - ///} a long

lingering, lurking grudge S.g.

</-^, pf. Oda (prob. vb. n. to bda-

a, Qded-p(i) to pass over, 1 . to travel

over, to clear a certain space, fan <!< this

plain Xdintili.; zag du-mai lam (to perform)

many day's journeys Dzl. 2. c. las: to

go beyond, to surpass Dzl. ; 1/ni-lnx dds-pai

N/".s incense surpassing that of the gods,

i.e. that which is burnt to them S.O.; to

exceed, fsdd-las the measure Lt.; yrdiis-las

</<i*-pa Tar. surpassing number, innume-

rable; bsdm-byai yul-las (surpassing) the

understanding or imagination, inconceivable

Glr.; to transgress, to trespass against, bka-

las,Krhns-las, a commandment, a law </7-

A" : to get over a thing, to get the better of,

to overcome, = rgydl-ba; to go away from,

mya-ndn-las q.v. ;to let go, leave off, aban-

don, cos-las one's religion Thgy. ;bio - las

</<ix-pa? 3. with or without dus-las, fse,

resp. sku, to depart this life, to die; das-po

the deceased, defunct, late, Lex.;*de - Ida*

W. the soul of a deceased person, ghost.

apparition; the re-appearing is possible onlyfor about forty days after death, as long

as the Bardo lasts, v. bar-do. 4. to pass

by,= to disappear, nyi-zld Odds-nas when

the sun and the moon have disappeared

(for a time); very frq. relative to time:

to pass away, to elapse, Odds- pai dm the

time that has passed, is gone, past time,

v. dtis 5.;zla dgu Odds-nas after nine months

Lt.; das-l6 the year p&st, Odas-zld the month

past, Odas-zdg the day past; *de-zdg-la* W.

the other day, lately ; nyin-mfsdn c6s -kyis

Odd - bar bya day and night are spent in

religious exercises; dge-bai byd-ba ko-nas

dus da Tar. (time) spentinnone but works of

virtue. Odd-ga (-ma) C's. hour of death,

Oda-ya-ye-ses wf^f ^fTTi knowledge of the

hour of death (title of a book).

Odar-ba to tremble, shudder, shiver,

quake, grdh-bas Odar-ba to shiver

with cold; Jjigs-pas (to tremble) with fear;

Oddr-zin Qgiil-ba id.; Odi'ir-bar Ogyur- ba to

begin to tremble; Odar-ydm Sch. doubting,

wavering, undetermined, Odar-ydm byld-pato doubt, to waver.

QCaj' o'^'CO ru- >l,il. rn-.drt'l a single horn

Sch. -bud-jlnl prov., being left

exhausted on the road, sinking under fa-

tigue.

r Odal- d<il v. /-////.

Od<il-ba=

ddl-ba, nt- di'il still water

L&r.

o^* demonstr. pron. this, imi f>u // tli-

my son; nai Odi this of me, i.e. that

which I am doing just now G7r, what I

am experiencing just now Mi/. : the present

the respective, </rub-pa-jx) </ the re>p-< -tivr

performer (of un incantation) Dom.; such

a one, bday miii Odi zes-byd-ba 1, such and

such a one Thgr., also Odi dan Odi (-ltu-bu)

and similar expressions, ha* Kynd-la di da/'i

Odi-lta-bu zig sbyin-no I give you such and

such a thing. On the difference between

Odi and de v. de\ the plural forms and de-

rivatives of both of them are in conformity ;

only the following may be particularly men-

tioned : Odi-ku-ran is used also for just here.

just now MIL; Odi-lta-stc for instance, to wit

such as, viz.; also pleon. with zt-na: ynyi*

yah ze-na Odi-lta-ste Wdii.; ci fn/ir z4-na

Odi-lta-ste Pth.; Odl-Uar so, in this manner.

cii pyir Kyod Odi-ltar <it/ur in what manner

have you become so, how did you get into

this condition? Dzl frq.; Odi-ltar-ro it ran

thus, it was to this effect, of this purport

Glr. frq.; ita Odi-ltar yin such I am, I am.

live, go, just as you see me here Mil.; in

the verse: Odus-byas cos-mams Odi-ltar bltn

'compounded things must be regarded thu>

- the word Odi- Itar is meant to be ac-

companied by a snap of the fingers (se-gdl,

or sk<id-ci</-nH(); o<//-</,s from this place, from

this time present, as yet still. / (</</) /{v

(-/y/a) the present and th future litV.t'nj.-.

Odi pyid sdeb-pa, r)t'-ba to exchange this life

for the future one, i.e. fse pyi-ma blfa-btait-

ste Odii don sgnub-pa to be earthly minded

<'.: *di-zug, t'-zvff* W., so, thus; *//-n/i*

W. to-day ; Odt~w (come) in here, into this

place; here, at this place, trq.: now. seldom.

down, as soon l\S tLll Opl,ortunity oITers,S.!!., anti hence z~Mldli .dam. "i,j a longlingering, lurking grudge S.y.c;-~'.::r odd-OO, pf. odt" (prob. vu. n. to bJtj·1 00, odltl.pa) to pass over, L to travel

over, to &lear a certain space, (ali Ik thisplain SamM.; zag du..mai lam (to perform)many day's journeys D::l. - 2. c. la3: togo beyond, to surpass D::l.; lnd·la3 dm-pai31XJ/l iucense surpussing that of tile gods,i.l:'. that which is burnt to them S.O.; toexceed, (3dd·las the measure Lt.; !JIUlis.la&dd3-pa Tar. surpassing number, innume·I'aule; lJI'.«m./)yai yM-leu (surp:l.Ssiug) tileunderstanding or imaginntion, inconeelvableGb·.; to transgress, to trespass against, bk«la3,lb'iIlUJ./aIl, a commandment, alaw__ 0!J«1.ba; to get over a thing, to get the better of,to overcome, _ rgydMJa; to go away from,mya.,idn.lall q.y.; to let go, leave off, aban·don, Cdt·las one's religion Thg!!.; bM -1(1&dds-pa'! - 3. wilh or without a,is-lall, (st,

resp. du, to depart tlIis life, to die; dMiX'the deceased, defunct, late, IA!.l.; °df - 16fllV. the soul of A deceased person, ghost,apparition; the re·appearing is possible onlyfor nbout forty days nfter dell.th, as longns the Bardo lasts, Y. bar·do. - 4. to passby, _ to disnppear, fl!Ji-::ld odli3·,W3 whenthe sun And the moon have disnppell.red(for a time); very frq. relath'e to time:to pass away, to elapse, .dd$. pai dus thetime thllt Ims pa.ssed, is gone, past time,v. dla 5.; ::fa dgu odd8-ncu afler niM monthsLt.; odcu.ld the year past,odas.::ld the monthpast, "dcu.};«g tile dn.y ptlStj ·1/~.::dg-lao 11:the other day, lately; lI!Jill·m($(i1~ cde - k!l~

od« - bar bya day nnd night are spent inreligious exercises; dg!-bu.i byd.ba A'd·lIa3dusoda 'Par. (lime) spentinnonc but worksofvirtue. - odd.ga (.1IIa) (.•. hour of death,odll1Ja.ye-U. 1jf?f~, knowledge of tliehour of den.th (title of n hook).

a.~".:::r oddr-IJII to tremble, shudder, sh~ver,

quake, grdli.OOs otl(lr.ba to sbm,'rwith cold; Ji[J3.pas (to tremble) with fear;odti,·.};i.i .yul-OO id.; odtJ,...ba,· ogyHr - bu tobegin to tremble; otlar--1Jlim &h. doubting,

27,:.o~· d··'il ° I

wavering, undct.t'rmiucd, .dar1Jlflfl by&l..,x,to doubt, to WAver.

C\'Y4' odtll(?) nt·od,il, ru••drii a sin~e hom&n. - bad·ot/ifl proY., heing lefl

cxhaustcd on thc rond, linking uudtr f....tigue.

C\=r..fC\~~' odrll·oddl v. /,i-b«1J.~~'::r lldt-ba-tl«l-IJft, 1!u·od,ilstill waler

Lu.r.:~.•ff! demonstr. pron. this, iwi lill o,ii Ihi"\ my son; >fai .di tbis of me, i.e. thalwllich J DOl doillg just no",' Glr., what l3m experiencinlt just now Mil.; the present,the respective, o!Jrltb./H1.,JO odi the rctipel'ti\'cperformer (of lID inCillJttlliou) Doni.; sucha one, Wag 111in olli ~,-IJ!Jtl./)a l, such "udsuch u one TIIgr., also .tii dmi .J; (.ltu./).,)and similar expressions, ,ia.s ryJd-lfl oth· dmi.dl.lta./)u zig 3b!jill.1'O 1 lti"e )'ou su<,:h Audsuch lI. thing. On the differen« bet...·ccnodi and dt v. tit; the plUrAl forms And d~rivntives of both of them are in conformity;01'11)' the following mAy be pArticulArl}' men·tioned: odi.ka.rdi< is used al"O for just here,just now Mil.; .tii-lta~tc for instance, to witsuch as, viz.; also pleon. ""ith U..ua: l'7lY~

!Jan u..-na .di-lta·ste wan.; Ci l~!Jir U.naodi-Ita~tt 1't11.; .di-Zitlr so, in tlIis manner,tii hpl' "'yotl odi-ltar fl'JlIr in ""hat mannerhave you become so, how ilid you get intothis condition? D::l. frq. j .di-lta,...,.o it ranthuJ;, it wns to this effect, of tllis purportGlr. frq.; ,;a odl·llar yill ~ueh I am, I Am,live, go, just l\S you see IUC here Mil.; illthe \'erse: odll,-IJyaa CoI-MUW" odi-lttlr hita'COOlpounded things must be regarded thus'- tbe word .dl. ita.. is meanl to he accompllnied by II. snAI' of the fin~~ (~,

or Utid-Hg--nkl); oJi.naa from this place, fl'1lmthis time present, as yet, still. otii (dt".) //yt'(-ma) the present lind thll future life, Crq.;odi lfyitlldib-ptt, rjl-ba to exchange this lifefor tbe future one, i.e. (se /lyi.1I'« bMt-lJtmi,te oJli don 'f,rMtrpa to be eflrthl,. mindedC.; °di-::uf/, '(-::tty· W:, so, tbll~; *di. riliO

W: to-dllY; odi-Ilt (come) in here, into thisplace; here, at this place, frq.; now. lIClilow.,e'

276

Odig du-ses

<% Stopper, stopple, also Ka- dig;

dig-ce* Ld. to put in a stopper; to

Stop up, to close with a stopper; *dig-ril*

C. musket-ball. Cf. dig.

Odin-ba, pf. btin, fut. ydin, imp.

fin(s)j to spread on the ground, a

mat, carpet etc.;

to scatter, sprinkle, strew,

grass or hay to lie upon, ashes on the snow

etc.; *btin-ba* sbst. W. a small carpet, on

which the Lamas use to sit; *mal-btin* C.

bedding, pillow, or blanket. Odin rgydb-

pa Sch. to weigh in one's mind, to consider;

to suspect, to entertain a suspicion.

nr (3\'m^' du(n)-Kan meeting-house, house

^vy|^

of assembly; cos cad-pa(quasi)

church, chapel Dzl.

du- Krug tumult, riot, uproar 6s.

Odu-ba, pf. Odus, (vb. n. to sdud-pa)1. to come together, to assemble, of

men and animals; dun-Kdn-du Dzl.; Odus-

sam ma Odus are they already assembled?

dan with (a person) Tar.; in order to fight

Stg.; of things: nyes-pa fams-cdd dei lus-

la Oduo, v. nyes-pa; Odu-ba and Odus-pa sbst.

a coming together, an assembling, a gather-

ing, esp. in Med. a (somewhat indefinite)

disease, or cause of disease; Odus-sa meeting-

place Glr.; las-mi man-po Odus-sa an estab-

lishment comprizing many workmen, ma-

nufactory, workshop, workhouse, *dz6m- d/t

yon-gin Odug* C. they flock or crowd to-

gether; fson- dus the assembled traders or

dealers, the market frq. ; skyabs-kun- dus 'a

collection of all the refuges' is a name

given to Milaraspa. 2. to unite, to join one

another, ttyo-sug-tu as husband and wife,

to get married; in a special sense in philo-

sophical language: 1. to unite (opp. to Jbrdl-

ba), e.g. the soul uniting with an organ of

sense, like sdeb-pa, Mil. 2. Odus-byds com-

posed of two or more ingredients, Odus-ma-

byas consisting of one thing, simple, ele-

mentary; only this is eternal, every thing

compounded is perishable, frq. 3. to be

pressed or crowded together, *snl dus-te dug*Ld. they stand crowded, in serried files

or ranks; intellectually: dam-cos Odus-pa a

compressed system of religion. 4. Odus-

pa to consist of or in, ynyis-su Odus-so (re-

ligion) consists of two things Thgy.; snan-

srid sems-su Odus-te yda the external world

consists of spirit, is spirit, i.e. is nothingMil. 5. col. : to be drawn together, to con-

tract, to shrink, *dus ca dug* Ld. it shrinks,

e.g. wood or paper from heat; *tsa- Qdu*

C. prob. cramp, spasm, convulsion;*dus-kari

f

Ld. elastic, springy.

qzr'qc- Qdu-byed, Ssk. ^j^nT< (tne Tibetan

N! word is nothing but a literal trans-

lation of the Ssk. sanskdra; cf. also Qdu-ses

and pun-po) 'one of the obscurest and most

difficult terms of Buddhist philosophy'JK>j9p.

I, 603, where the various translations are

enumerated that have been attempted, such

as : idea, notion, imagination (cf. Burn. I,

503), action ( Was.) etc. It should, however,at once be acknowledged, that the word

cannot be translated into a European lan-

guage, as the meaning given to it is not

the result of honest research and obser-

vation, but a product of arbitrary and wild

speculation.

Odu- dzi noise, bustle, din, clamour,

Odu- dzi med-pai dben-pa Odi this

solitude without any noise Mil. ; Odu- dzi-

la ynds-pa to live in the midst of the bustle

of worldly affairs; Odu-zm, Odu-I6n Cs. id.

du-ses, Ssk. ^njr ('con-scientia')

corresponds in most cases to our

idea, notion, conception, image, althoughsometimes perception, feeling, sense, thought,

consciousness may be employed for it: nor-

la rtdg- tu yod -

pai Odu - ses skyed- pa to

combine with earthly goods the idea of

constant possession S.O. and thus frq.; lus-

la grui Odu-ses jug -pa to unite with the

human body the idea of a ship, to represent

the body as a ship, Thgy.', skyo-bai Odu-

ses byun the perception, the feeling of dis-

comfort arises S.a.;Kro-bai Odu-ses-spdn-ba

to detest the idea, the thought of angerDzl. ; dge-bai pyogs-la Odu-ses cun-zad kyanma yyos no thoughts, no inclinations, tend-

ing to virtue, arose (in him), virtuous emo-

tions never stirred in his mind; cdgs-pai

270

c;~::rr .di!J stopper. stopple, nlso ra·.di!J;:"j ·dig-«'" Ld. to put iu a .stollper; to

stop up, to dose witb n $Wliller; ·d~rirC. musket-ball. Of. dig.Q;~!:,'.:r .dUi-ba, pf. fAi", jut. rdi". i"p.~ (iit(.), to spread on the ground, a

mat, carpet. etc.; to scatter, sprinkle, strew,grass or ba)' to lie upon, asbes on the snow«c.; ·btin~· sbse. W: a small carpet, ouwhich the LamllS usc to sit; ·mal~Un·C.bedding, pillow, or blanket - .di", rgydlrpa $c1l. to weigh in one's mind, to consider;10 suspect, to entertain n suspicion.

C\.l:) (t\)'FC' .du(n}fan meeting.house,house..... 01 assembly; ros.[Qd-Jlai(quasi)

church, chapel D:l.

C\~'~ .du-./irUfI tumult, riot, uproar 0.~ ~

",-·..::r .dU../J£I, pf. .dus, (vb.D. to Bdlld·pa):l I. to come together, to assemble, ofmen ILnd animals; .du~fdil.au D::l.; .(lu~

tam ma .J,," are they already ll8Senlbled?da.,; widl (Il. person) Tar.; in oroer to fight$(9'; of things: ."yts.pa (alll.-?dd clti Iw·la .duo, \'. l1!Jt1-ptJ; .du-ba IUId .dft.t1Hl shsc.a coming together, an assembling, a galhering. esp. in Jltd. a (somewbat indefinite)disease, or cause 01 disease; .cJw-a meetingplace Gir.; Ial-mi mcui-po .dUof-M ao e3tablisb.ment comprizing many workmen, maonufactOl'}', worbhop, workhouse, ·cWJlft-.diJ,oil·gill .dUff C. wt'J flock or ('rowel ~getber; (fJOiI.-.dta the assembled traders ordealers, the martel frq.; J.,"yab.-J:un-.dut 'ncollec:tion of all tbe refuges' is a nam.egiveu to Milar&liplLo - 2. to unile, to join oneanother, ~~ufl-tu as husband and wife,10 get married; in n special sense in pbilo-llOphicallanguagc: l. to unite (opp. to .6,.,';[..ba), e.g. the soul uniting with an orgnn ofsense, like sdib-pa, Mil. 2. •dWJ.b!Jfh composed of two or more ingredients, .dlU-mab!llJ3 consisting of one tbing, simple, e1ementAt)'; only tbis is etema~ every thingcompotlndcd is perishable, frq. - a. to bepressed or crowded together, ·;ril dw·t, dUffLd. uley iJl,and crowded, in serried filesor ranks; intellectually: dam-&. .J~pa a

compressecl system of religion. - 4. •dit..pa to censist of or in, r"!I~./ha-ao (re-ligion) consists of hl"O tbillgs TAtJY.; mwi_

Irid abnHu .d..." rda the ute:mal ......orldOOIl,mts of spirit. is apirit, i.e. ill nothingMil. - 5. col: 10 be draWft togttber, to contract, to shrink, ·d", ttl Jllf!' l..d. it sbrinks,e.g. ",,000 or pllper from beat; ·faa· .,d!f..C, prob. cramp, spasm, convulsionj ·du-fa"·l..d. elastic, springy.~_.~. •du-bgM. SaJ:. twn:, (the Tibetnn~ word is nothillg but. litera.llraD&-

lalion of the &k. ,"".hI,.a; cr. Also .du.-ihll.Dd /'Uii-po) 'one of tbe obse:urest and mOlltdifficult terms ofBuddbist philO6Opby'Kapp.1,003, where the yanoua translations nreenumerat.ed that hlwe been atwmpted, suchns: idea, notion, imagination (cr. Bul'll. I,503), action (Was.) etc. It ahould, however,at once be aeknowledged, that the wordcannot be translated into a Europenn langunge, ItS tbe melUling given to it ill notWfl result of bODest research And oUeer\'atioD, but. product of arbitrary and ""iltlspeculation.

" ...~~ .d~.tL:i noise, busUe, din, clunour,:l .d~.tL; mM-pai dbtH-p.t .Ji thissolitQde withont IIny noise Mil.; .du-.d::il6 yRtiI-po to li.-e in we midst of the bustleof ......orldly affainl; .d••Mi, .dtHOil ll. id.

a-·.iI~ .d~ SJ;. V-.r ('eon.eeientia'):l corresponds in most tA&elI toO ouridea, notton, CClnceptton, image, nlt.boogbsometime;; perception, feeling, sense, thought,tGnsciOu$ntsS may be emplo)'ed for it: n6,...l« rtdg.'U yOd • pai .du - iii Ikyid. pa tocombine with earthly goods the idea ofoonstnnt possession 8.0. Qnd thus {rq.; lIt.la g~i .Ju.-IJI••)ug-pa to unite with thehUllJlm body the iuea of a ship, to representtbe body as 1\ sbip, 'J'/lfIY.; lkyo.lJai .J/fda b!lUli the perception, the feeling of discomfort arises S.y.; rdJ-ooi .du..Jh-tpdn.lJato detest the iJea, tbe thought of IUlgerD;:/.; dgUai p!Jdgs-la .du-'" bitl-_ad lYaii1/Ia ryo. no thougbts, no inclinations, tending to virtue, arose (in bim), virtuous emobOllS ne,'er stirred. in his mind; 'ldg.-pui

277

,/%-pa

,/..;, 's-,'-tm entertaining thoughts of sensual

lilraMiiv Glr.; </// - .V.s s/a/1

rnifnl-

/>\<>

nvover from a state of insensibility; as

vb.: du-Nt'-x-pn, iiii/n-inni-Qddn fob du-1e imagining that I shall obtain Nirwana

7'//////.

As one of the five pun - po it is

translated by idea (Bum. 1, 511), by per-

ception (Kopp. I, 603). The three terms

may be rendered : having thefaculty ofthink-

iiiL.% having no faculty of thinking, neither

thinking nor not thinking (Dzl. ?%S, ^)i

Odu-ses-c,an refers to human beings, the

two other terms relate to celestial beings

(v. Kopp. I, 261, 17 and 26), that are evi-

dently so much the more excellent and

exalted, as they are far above all reason-

ing and thinking. According to another,

and (it would seem) more natural inter-

pretation, the first of these three terms

implies rational beings (man), the second

irrational beings (higher animals), and the

third quite irrational creatures (lower ani-

mals, worms, reptiles, that are not even

possessed of the sensitive powers of the

higher animals), whilst the 'long-lived Lhas'

of the 17th. heaven are classed togetherwith the common Lhas (who however taken

strictly, belong to the 'first world') and on

account of their stupidity are believed to

be incapable of ever being converted, Tliyy.

QCOTT Oduy-pa (eleg. ydd-ba, resp. bzugs-

pa) 1. to Sit, syn. with sd6d-pa]with na, la etc.; to sit down with termin.

or la] to sit up fin bed); Odug-par Ogyiir

to get seated Dzl. v\S, 6; to remain sitting,

to keep one's seat, Dzl. Y\S, 7; to remain,

to stay, Odfr ma Oduy^par son zig Dzl.; to

remain behind, to stay at home, with or without

/V/'''', Icyim-na etc. Dzl. 2. to be, to exist,

to live Glr. : . . . skabs-med '

dug-go /' there

is no chance of ... Yes, there is! ... Odug.s/.s-nos knowing that ... is still alive Dzl.;

drd/'t-sroti byed-cih Oduy he lives as a hermit

Dzl.; to be, to live at a certain place, ///*-

na Odi'ig-pa the being somewhere Gram.]

pa-nn'r tjtiit-na Odug where are my parentsnow'? to be at home Dzl. and elsewh.; to

be extant, to be found, can. mi Odng nothingis, or was to be found, nothing waa tl

Mil.', as partic. joined with, orput iust.of the

|".-sess. pion.: R-i-raii //// (AW) bit ///v//n/

Qduy-pa he and his eight children I.

with him Mil. (yo<l-jm is construed in tin-

same manner); in quotations: to be found,

to be written, to be met with, . . . ///ba . . . na Oduy the account of being . . .

is to be found in . . . , Glr. 3. to be. as

copula, in #. often with terrain.:/,;// ///-/////

Odug-pa to be a layman Stg.', ///;-//bar Oduy the foot was variously coloured

Dzl.] Odi-^rnam* mi-ma-yin-du Odiiy-j><i-

these are spirit- Mil. Generally speaking,this termin case is not to be pressed, nor

always to be explained by: to have become.

or to be translated by: in, as in the follow-

ing: ryya-gar -

gyi yi -ger Oduy-pa* to be

(written) in the Indian language Glr. -

4. to be, as auxiliar vb., I. with the termin.

of the inf., often merely paraphrastically,

eg. yod-par Odug-pa = yod-pa Glr.; frq.,

however, indicating doubtfulness and un-

certainty: na ni tsan ci-bar Odug may be

I shall die to-morrow Glr.] Kyed . . . yin-

par- dug you seem to be, you are, I dare

say Mil.] Ogro dgos-par Odug I suppose youmust go Glr.

;stir-bar Odug it will probably

be given Glr.] ma mtoii-na mi rtdys-pnr

Odug if we had not seen it, we should pro-

bably not have known it Mil.] in the same

manner it is used with yod-pa, q. v.

.. with a verbal root, in ancient lit. hardly

ever occurring, in more recent writings used

paraphrastically like < /////-/>, with the t-r-

min. of the inf. (v. above l), but not in-

dicating a certain tense, e.g. rdol Oduy it

makes its appearance, comes to light, fUr.,

A.s/// jhj they were destroyed Glr.] in col.

language (in W. at least) it is gen. a sign

of the pivs. tense: zer 9duy I say, thou

sayest etc.; only in Hal. it indicates the

fut. tense. 3. with the gerund in te or

new vulgo for the pres. or preterite tense,

frq.; in B. of so rare occurrence, that it i>

prob. to be regarded as a vulgarism to be

charged on the i-opyi>t>. and to be cor-

liil.JMm~ entertAining thoughts of sensualpleRsure Gil'.; .du - Ja .lm· ,,,I!JIII- !Ia 10

reco"er from a slate of insensibility; liS

\·b.: "dll~h-!/(I, tllya.';ml-.(IJ.a (0/) (/Il _inti ilnllginiDI( that 1 shall obtain ~irwiin..T/,!!y. As one of tbo five iJun - po it istranslated "y idea (Burn. I, 511), by perception (Xvpp. I, 003). The three terlllS.1111 .u,-roll",du-3n'lIlffl-ptl,"du-iea-mro.mb,ml\Y be rendered: hnving thefaculty oftllinking, having no (1lcnlty of thinking, neitherthil1king DOr nOI tbinking (D::f. n-S, 7),.dft-jes-i!all refers to hnmnD beil1gs, thetwo otber terms relate to celestinl beings(\'. Kvpp. I, 261,17 and 26), that nre evidently so much tile more excellent flndexalted, as they nre far above nil renSODiug and thinking. According w another,lind (it would seem) more natural intl2"I"'!lfctntion, the first of these Ihree termsimplies rational beings (mllll), the secvndirrational beings (higher ftninmls), and t.hetllinl quite irrational creatures (lower animals, worms, reptiles, Ihllt o.re not. evenpossessed of the sensiti\·e powers of thelligher nnimals), whilst the ')ong.lived Lhas'of tlie 17t.h. heaven Me cbssed togetherWilh the common Lht\S (who however takenstrictly, belong to t.he :nl'st world') lind onaccount of their stupidity are belie\·ed tobe incnpnble of ever Leing wnverted, 'J'I'!J!I'r.lf\::,r.:r "dug-pa (eleg. rdd.ba, resp.lr.:ufJ$'\:1 pa) l. to sit, syn. witli addd-pa;with na, la etc.; to sit down with termin.or lu; to sit up (in bed); "dug-pm' .DY,i,.to get seated D::i. \~-S, Gj to remain sitting,to keep one's seat, D::l. '~..s, 7; to remain,to stay, "di,. tna "du!I-par 100i Hg D::l.; toremain behind, to stay at home, with or .....ithout1;!J;1', J.'!lim-n" etc. D::l. - 2. to be, to eKis~

to live Gir.: ... skab3-mffi :dUfl-gor themis no chnnce of ... Yes, thero is! ... •dugff3.-MS knowing thllt ... is stilllllive D::l.;drriri·,ro,j byM-i·jil .dug he lives AS :t bermitD::l.; to be, to live al a certain place, J"1IJ.alIa .dlig-pa the being somewhere 0,·a1ll.;f!a-71I'l gJ.';-na .l!llg where are my pllrentsnow¥ to be at home J)::L iUld else ..... lJ.; to

b

277

be ellant, 10 be found, ~(J.Ii 1111' .tllI!} nothingis, or ....'.s to be f{)nllll, nothing ....... t111~re

Mil.; .s p.rtie.joined with, orput in l of theIIOSIleSS. luon.: l!u-rJ.1i Ilat' (l'~j bit b"!/!JIM.i.du9-INI he /lnd Ilis ei,qht children l",iug..... ith him Mil. 0J«1-pa is construed in tilelil\llle m.nncr); in IIUUlntions: w be fOUIll),

to Le written, w be fllel with, ... yotl :klm ... tla .(iug the Ilc('ount of being ...is to be found in ... , Gil'. - 3. 10 be. ",5eopolll.. in lJ. often with tcrmin.: A'!Ji/i'-lJ111'.(!rty-pa w be II Il\ymnn SI9'; dU"-INl/frc!IIOr "dlt.'! the foot. was mriously colouredD::f.; .,Ii-ma",s tIIi-m(l-yin-ult .,t'H!J"l'(U ll:l

these nrc spirits "Iii. Generally ~pe:lking,

this termin case is not w be llressed, uor(\)wtl.}'s to be explllincd by: 10 have become,or w be tnlllslatcd by: In. AS in the following: 'Y!1a· !llil' - gyi !Ii -!/r!' .uu!J-pa. w be(wriuen) in the IndiAll language GIl'. 0\. to be, t\S lIuxilil\r vb., l. with the t.ermin.of the inf., often merel)' pamphl"lUtic:llly,c g. yOd~par .dug-pa =- !Jdd -I/O. Glr.; frq.,bowever, indi.....ting doubtfulness lI.nd uncertainty: nt, IIi iail ifi-ba,. .dug mllY beI shall die to-morrow Gir.; J.'yt(l .•. yinpar-"dU1J }'ou seem to be, }'ou arc, I daresay .Mil.; .yro dgd&-/Xl" "du!J J suppose }'oulnust go Gb'.; ater-bar .dug it will probablybe given Gl,..; 1/1a l/I(Qtf-lIa mi rtQya-/Xlr"dllg if Wll had nut seen it, wo should Ilroun.bly not blwe kno ....·n it NI1.; in the s:uueIllllnner it is used wiLh ydtl·llO, q. \'. 2. witll a "erulli root, in ancient tiL blndl}'ever occurring, in more reeeni writings used)lnraphrnstic"U}' like .dif!/-'JHI, wilh the tcrmin. of thc info (v. "bo"o I), but not in·dicllting a certnin tense, e.g. "lot "d"!} itmakes its "l'peflmnee, corne", to Jigllt, GlI'.,Mig .(Iuy they were deslro)·t't1 Gll'.; in 001.lnngunge (ill II': at leIl!'t) it i~ gen... "ignof the pres. tense: :tI' .du!J I "II)', thouSllplst etc.; oul)' in Bal. it intlie.te,;. tliefuL tense. - 3. with the geruod ill ti' orllas vulgo for the liteS. or llret.erite tense,frq.; in n. of so rare occur~llee, thlll it isprob. to uc regarded M!! lI. ,'ulg.rislll to becharged on the e0l')'istll, and to be ..'Or-

278

*T Odud-pa

reeled accordingly. 4. with gin (B. and

col.) and cin (B.}, denoting a continued

action, state, or condition, as in English: I

am looking. Qdug-ynas, Odug-sa, place of

residence, abode.

Odud-pa, pf. btud, fut. ydud (Cs.),

imp. dud, fud (Cs.), to bend or bow

down, to incline, rnd-ba, to incline one's

ears to hear, (also used of animals), cf. our

'to prick the ears', Dzl.', to bow, to make

a bow, la, to a person; zdbs-la at a per-

son's feet, to kneel down before a person.

nr<r* Odun, go- dun, sna-fsogs of several

-o' kinds, divers, sundry, various, Lex.

odun-pa \. vb. to desire, to wish

earnestly, with la, nydn-pa-la mi

Odun - par they not having any desire to

hear Pth. ; dge-ba-la to strive after virtue,

frq. ;also Qdun-pa alone (without dge-ba-la)

id. Thg.; *lo co-la Qdum - pa* C. religious

interest, concern for religion; to be zealous,

to take a warm interest Mil. - - 2. sbst.

a desire Tkgy.\ a supplication Dzl, Glr. Cf.

dim-pa.-._-._..

odun-ma 1. advice, counsel, nan-paA], i a bad advice Ma.', Odebs-pa to give

advice; byed-pa to take a resolution Mil.

2 consultation (v. examples sub cun-ba),

Odun-gros id.; da-ldn-gyi Odun-gros Odi-la

at this present consultation Glr.;

*d$m-ina

)he-pa* C. to consult, to confer with (a

person about a matter). '6. council, Odun-

mar bsdus they called a council together

Mil. ; esp. in compounds: Odun-Kan = Odu-

Uah, q.v.; Odun-sa meeting-place, assembly,

frq. ; union, association, society, dge- dun an

association of clerical persons. 4. v.

Odum? ynyen- dun harmony amongst rela-

tions, Stg.- - 5. the state of being a bride

;

bride, C., and perh. Glr. ; cf. also dga- dim

sub dgd-ba.-- 6. mdun-ma?

Odub -snyoms Sch. a state of

comfort, ease; dub- Krugs, an

interruption of that state, discomfort.

odum-pa 1. vb. to reconcile one's

self to, to be reconciled with, tab-

pa Odum-na if contending parties are re-

conciled with one another; rtdg-tu mi Odum-

mo they are constantly at variance Dzl.;

*dum-(a*(lit. Kra) C. contract, agreement,

= cad -don. - - 2. sbst. concord, unison,

peace Cs.

'

Odur thick and clammy Sch.

Odur-ba to trot; Odur-gr6s the trot.

*Odul-ba I. vb., pf. btul, ful, fut.

>o ydul, imp. ful, W. *tul-ce* 1. to

tame, to break in, rta; to subdue, conquer,

vanquish, dgra; sometimes even to kill, to

annihilate Pth. 2. to till, cultivate, waste

land; to civilize, a nation, which with the

Buddhist is the same as to convert, frq.;

to educate, to discipline, to punish; ydul-bai

rigs-pa those fit for and predestinated to

conversion Dzl.; ydul-bya id. frq.; also

used substantively: Ogro-ba nd-yi fdid-

bya yin the beings are to be converted byme Glr.', bdag ttyed-kyi ydiil-byar sog cig

may we become your converts!

II. sbst. fqrsi 1. the taming etc. 2.

also Odul-bai sde, the disciplinary part of

the Kangyur, Odul-ba-las from, or accord-

ing to the Dulwa; Odul-bai brda an ex-

pression (taken) from the Dulwa.

T Odus-pa, v. Odu-ba.

'^n* Ode-gu, v. Ide-gu.

*^* Ode-ba, v. Ide-ba.

-Odeg(s)-pa, pf. bteg(s), fut.

ydeg, imp. feg, W. *tdg-ce*.

imp. *tog*, to lift, to raise, to elevate, the

head,the tail

,also fig. ; sgrdn

- me Glr.,

*'od-fo* W., to hold up a lamp, a light;

also fig. : to let one's light shine to others;

grdgs -pai go- sar Odegs

- pa to raise to a

high rank; to support, sustain, maintain, keep

up, Pth.\ rdm-bu Odegs-pa to join in singing,

to fall in with, Dzl. and elsewh. (Sch.

erron. 'to bawl, to blare'); rd-mda Odegs-

pa to help; for *zi tdg-ce* and similar

phrases cf. the secondary forms teg -pa,

tegs-pa, Ofegs-pa; with or without srdn-la,

rgyd-ma-la etc.: to put on the balance,

to weigh, B.; zib-btegs weighed accurately

278",~~·:r .dM-pa~

cected accordingly. - 4. with gin (11. andcol.) and ti,l (11.), denoting a continuedaction, state, or condition, ns in English; Iam looking. - odug-ylW.fJ, odlig-8a, place ofresidence, abode.a.:;:-'.q odud-pa, pr. Mud, fill. ,dud (c".),

Q,'I imp. dud, fud (Glf.), to bend or bowdown, to incline. 'tnU· ba, to incline one'sears to henr, (also used of animals), cr. Oll.r

'to prick the ears', Dzl.; to bow, to makea bow, la, to n person; Mbs-la at II. Verson's feeL, to kneel down before u Ilerson.A'::::'~ odun, f/Q-odim, = sna·(.wgs of several

Q, kinds, divers, sundry, various, Lu.R:::;~'r odun-pa 1. \·b. to desire, to wish

Q, earnestly, with la, llydn-pa-la miodun - par tlleY not ha\'iog any desire tohear Ptlt.; d,qt-IJa-la to strive after \·irtue,fn].; also odlin-pa alone (without dge-ba·{a)id. '1'/lg.; -fo 'Cli--la l/tlm - pat C. religiousinterest, concern for religion; to be zealous,to take a. warm interest Mil. - 2. sbsl.a desire Thg!!.; a supplication Dd., Gb·. Cf.d,in-pa.

. r.l."~'a:.l' od,in-ma I. advice, counsel, nan-po.Q. a bud advice Mo..; odibs-pa to give

advice; byhl.pa to tnke a resolution Mil.- 2 consultation (v. examples sub 'c,i,i-ba),odun-grti$ id.; da.lan-[JlJi odun-fJlw odi-laat this present consultation Gb·.; *od~;m.majM'-pa* C. to consult, to confer with (0.person about a matter). - 3. council, oditnmar WdU3 they called a council togetherMil.; esp. in compounds: odtin-.lfmi - odit!twi q.v.; odu1Hla meeting-place, assembly,frq.; union, association, society, dgt-oduD annssociation of clerical persons. - 4. ".odutI~? rnyen-odun harmony amongst relations, Btg. - 5. the state of being a bride;bride, C., and perh. GiI'.; cf. also dga-odlinsub dgu-ba. - G. = mdun.-,na'fr.l.:::;.:::r~a:.l~' odub - ,nymm Scll. a state ot

Q, '? comfort, ease; odub-Jo.lrltgtJ, nointerruption of that state, discomfort.a.~a:.l'q' odum-pa. 1. vb. to reconcile one's

....., self to, to be reconciled with, (rib-pa od,im-na if contending parties are reconcik.J with oue aoother; rtav-tu mi odum

c·

1M they are constantly at variance Dd.;*dlim-( a* (lit. ~'7'a) C, conlract, agreement,- cad - d(n!. - 2. sbst. concord, unison.peace G.

a.:;:,::t,. odur thick and clammy Sell,.~

a.::;~'.:::r odur-ba to trot; odur-grd8 the trot.~

a.~Ilf'.::::r o(lUl-ba T. ,·b., pr. btul, (ul, Cut......, )'du~ imp. (ul, ,v. *(ul-(-e' 1. to

tame, to break in, ria; to Subdue, conquer,vanquish, (I.qra; somotimes even to kill, toannihilate Ptl,. - 2. to till, cultivate, wasteland; to civilize, a nation, which with theBuddhist is the snme as to convert, frq.;to educate, to discipline, to punish; rdUl.balrig'-pa those fit for and predestinated tocOU\'er"ion Dzl.; rdul- b!la id. frq.; alsoused substanth'ely; .,grd. ba lid - yi rtiMb!la .'1in the beiugs are to be converted byme Gl,..; bdag ~'yea-k!;i rdid.b!lar sQ[j Ngmay we become your converts!

II. shst. ~'lli 1. the taming etc. - 2.nlso odul-bai 3de, the disciplinary part. ofthe Kangyur, odul-ba-la$ from, or ul:l:ording to the Dulwa; od..l- bai bl'da IIll expression (taken) from the Dulwn.

~~~r::r odu'-pa, \'. od'i-ba.

q~'=l']' ode-gu, \'. lde-gu.~

A,~'.q. ode-1m, \". hIe-ba.

Q,~=l'](~r=r odeg('?·l)a, pf. bt~(~), fut.rdeg, Imp. (1'9, W: ta.g-U'.

imp. *tQ[j*, to lift, to raise, to elevate, thehe:ld, the tail. also fig.; sgron - lilt Gb-.,·'oJ-f()* lV., w bold up a lamll, a light;also fig.: w let ooe's light shine w others;grdg'-pai gq-,ar otltg,-pa to raise w :\high rank; to support, sustain, maintain, keepup, Pth.; rdm-bu odegs-pa to join in singing,to f:lll in with, Dzl. and elsewh. (Sell.errOIl. 'lo bawl, to blare'); ra-mda odigspa to Ilelp; for *J:i tag - Ct' Rnd similarphrases cf. the secondary forms tIg. pa,ttg'-pa, Jegs-pa; with or without ,mill-la,rgyd-ma-la elc.: to put on the balance,to weigh, n.j :'ib-bltrJ, weighed accurately

/,/.: Od('>(/s- Kal 'a bushel by weight'

or rather: twenty points on the large steel-

yard.-

"jug -tag* W. water -wagtail.

-

*dcff-Ka* 6'., W., weight.-- (%s-J/m is

-aid to denote a military dignity, but is

not generally known; as 'servant waitingat table', it ought to be spelled stfys-dpon.-

Odegs-sin Sc/t. yoke, fitted to a person's

shoulders, for carrying water-buckets etc.

Odcii-ba, pf. den, imp. den(s\ to

go, esp. pyir <l<'ii - l>a to go back,

to return, Dzl, Lex. Cf. Odon-ba.

Oded-pa, pf. and imp. ded, some-

times preceded by lyes-su, to go

or walk behind, hence 1. to drive, cattle,

the herdsman walking behind the animals,

whereas of the shepherd Krid-pa is used;

rliiii-gis gru Oded the wind drives the ship,

frq.; also to drive through (a tube) by

blowing, to blow through Glr.; to drive

(animals, birds) from a place of rest, to

rouse, start. 2. to pursue, chase, run after,

ryod-ma Oded-pa to be in the rut (of a

stallion); *ded tdn-ce* W. to chase, to hunt;

*ded-de bd-ce* W. to call after a person.- 3. vb. n. to follow in succession, to suc-

ceed, rim -pa bzin successively, of gene-

rations, Glr. -- 4. to call in, to recover,

money, debts; bu-lon- ded drdg-po a severe

dun Mil.] Qded-mi a driver, e.g. the person

walking behind the horse of a rider, driving

it on Lt; the pursuer of a fugitive Glr. -

Cf. bdd-ba.

Odebs 1 . puncheon (tool). 2. time,

times, - *lan* W.(?).

Ode'bs-pa, pf. btub, fut. ytab, imp.

fob, supine Odebs-su, and ;<l<il>-

tu, W. *tdb-ce*, imp. *fob*; to cast, throw,

strike, hit, variously applied, cf. rgydb-pa,in B. gen. with instr., even if there is a

dative in the same sentence, v. the ex-

amples; *cog-tse-la tdb-ce* W. to strike

upon the table; rliin-gis, ydon-gyi** m'nl-

////.s Odebs-pa, to be beaten by the wind,to be possessed by a demon, to be seized

with an illness, frq.; uidgi-kyu Odebs-pa

B., mtu btdb-pa col., to pronounce a charm

against a person or thing, with la; Ian,

no-*i-<'nl, i/i-ox ,</,'/,* -/HI, to answer, to ex-

plain, to advise; ;*/'-// ././>-/ to make

a request, xmdn-lamOdeb-pa t<. oflt-r up

a prayer; yal- di'lm ////// -jm to remember

well Mil.'. -*"/- d('bs-isu <*-i>n |iob to

have a distinct recollection of a thing '/'/, ;

iiis Odeb*-pa prob to cast up an account,

to reckon, to compute, /// rti*-ydnh ///;./-

la tned I do not take that into account

Mil.', Itis-la yzh'(-(/i/t'H) Od'-l^-jibx-pa to seal|

*liul tab-

ce, or gydb-ce* W. to spread dung (on the

ground), to manure; cut Odeb-j)a to sprinkle

with water Dzl.; fsa, sa (itg-pa-ln Odt'bs-

pa to put salt, meat, into the soup;-

ban Odebs-pa to sow; gur Odebs-pa, sya-

Odebs-pa, to pitch a tent, a camp (driving

in the tent -pins); also without a lt.:

stiar btab-pai cu-y#OH-du (pitching) in the

same dell where they had encamped be-

fore Dzl. W9, 1. (Sch. incorr.): hence in

general: to found, to establish, e.g. a mo-

nastery, frq.; dus Odebs-pa to fix a time.

*

Qdem-pa to prove, to examine Sch.

Oder Glr. prob. for l>l<r.

Q^ Ot/o,for mdo 3., Cs. do-i/>><! prudent

1

clever, Odo-med Lex ,Cs. imprudent

silly.

Odd-ba 1. sbst. Sch.: 'a breed of fine

horses' ; one Lc.r. has Odo-rtu w. c.

- 2. vb. Cs.: = zld-lxi. to say. to repeat;

ma- dos-par unspeakable (?) !>:(. ^V, 4

(the reading of Sch. dubious, v. 7*/".'s

remarks on this passage).

... <%-;></, prob. an incorr. reading

for dogs-pa.

fut. J'daff(s\ imp. fog*, \V. *ta<j-

ce*, imp *tog or tag ton*, 1. to bind, fasten.

tie to, (opp. to Ogrol-ba}, \\'. *%/ tdg-te

bor*, tie up. taMrn. the dog well; (v. Jbor-

ba}\ la to a thing, frq.: also in a more

general sense: to fix, to attach, e.g. a l-al-

cony to a house S.g.\ to tie round, to buckle

On, go-mfsdn Iits - la the armour lih.: to

IA.: .It;g. - f41 '1\ bushel 1.1,. weigh!' (;.,or rat.h~r: tw~nty IlOints on llie large "tefl.plnl. - °p.g_td!f W. walet·wagtail.·tJJ,-la· r..:, W., weighl - .JIvt-dl/Oft iMid to deaote a milit.ary dignity, bilL i.not !t~neraJl)' kno"..n; AS 'sernnt "'aitiDgaL lab~', iL ought to be apel1ed .t~fJO'I.

- .rUP-niC &14. yoke, fitted to a l)ef'l!on'lIr:liouldeNt, (or t1IlTying ,.".ter-lluelteu etc.

t;~~::..::r .Jbt - ba, pl. ckir, imp. ikJi(.), to~ go, ~ I). J'>y;r d~ - ba to go back,

to rttum, D:J., Ln. C£. .doti-b«.

a;~-·.:r .dtdfC, "f. And inJll. Iltd, some~l times preceded lIy rjh-.w, to go

or walk behind, hence l. to drift, cattle,the llerosman walking Lel)ind the aniwals,'/I·hereM of the shepherd .l!rfd.-pa is used;O"l"""fJi, 91'1l .dtd the wind drives the t>hip,frq.; also to drive through (0 tube) byblowing, to blow through Gir.; 10 drive(animals, birds) (rom II ph\ee o( rest, tortKIse, starl- 2. to pursue, chase, tun after,rgdd-flm .did-po. to be in the rul (of l\

$lallion); ·dtol tuJi-ii" 11'. 10 c1uk~, to hunt;·did-de bO-W n: to c.1l .fter =, person.- 3. Th. n. to follow in succession, to succeed, rim - fHI b=;N successively, of generatioos, GIl'. - 4. 10 call in, to f'Knff,

nIOne)., debts; IN-107l.-.dtd cIno/-po a seTeredun ;)fil.; .did-..i. driTer, e.g. the !)C.rIOnwalking behind the horse of a ridN, drivingil on Lt.; the pursuer of l\ fuKiti,·c Gil'. Cf. bdd~.o.~~~' .d«' I. puncheon (tool). - 2. time,~ times, - ·lan· 1I:(?).

r,:.~=i~'.q' .dlM-pa, pc. btab, fut. flub, imp.I fob, "'pint od&-IU, and }IUib

tu, W: ·tdb-;.e-, imp. ·too·; to cast, throw,strike, hit, vll.riousl)· Applied, cf. rgydb-I)U,in il. gen. with instr., even if there is /I

dllti\·c in the snme sentence, v, thc ex/lmples; ·;'QU-tu-la tab- ce· lV. to strikeupon the lilLIe; rlli,;-g"~, /1I6.. -1Yu. mldloyd .dibt-pa, to be bellieD b)' the wind.to be (}Ol!MSsW by .. demon, 10 be seiledwith lin ilIDe., frq.; llio!l'-J.yiI .dibf-p4lJ" Mtu bWiJ..pa col., to ~nounce a charmagainst A person or thing. ,.'ith la; 14",

279

>io-.,wdtl, !/"OIl .,Ia.-pa, to answer, tt fit

plain, to advise; p6l_ba .JJIM-f"I 11 .ake• request, .1t!6rt-la", .tlJlM-pu to litre, Itp" pra)'er; fl«1-..k6t (,yf.I_po' to II.' tarwell Mil.; "{Inl-.JiI:M-1tl ii.-p4 ptob 11have a distinct rteolleetion ,I a thing Gil';rlIU oJi~ prob t, cut lip .. au-.to redioll, to etmpute, <k!' rUif-f",f6 bJtigla _I I do not take that intn a«ountMil.; l••-la rz/T(-gyU) oI1J1...INI D:L, .:ittah-i:e. or gyob-U' U~, knoeking n.illl intothe body; rg!JUI .dibt-pa t, seal: ·(wl labn, or~? JI'. to sl,read dung (on theground), to loanure; c... .,l~ 10 prinldewith wnter D:l.; (&6, 'a (Ug-1XJ-(a .,/IWpo. to put slIlt, meaL, into the soup; .a_bon .deb,- pa to sow; !l'jr .Jtbt - pa, IMJa-.dllJ,·pa, to Iliteh l\ lent, II ('limp (dri\'illgin the tent-pins); lliso without a .bst.:.na.. btab-pai nl-y.w"..lu (pitching) in tbesame dell where they hlld eDellmped before D:l.7'O, 1. (&1•. ineorr.): hence ingeneral: 10 found, to tslablilh, e.g. a monaster)', (rq.: Jru .dib.-pa to tix II tilll~.

C\~~.:r .dim-1M to j»'$Y1!, to examine &4.,

a.;-z..' .Jt<' Gil'. prob. (or bI".

r,:.:'':' .do, (or _10 3.• ( .. •Jc-ydtl prudent,I devl!f"o oIlo-wt«l I~.... ( .. imprudent,

silly.c:,::r:'=i' .116-ba 1. abeL It.: fa brted of tine

boI'ses'; one I~.... hIS .J~a •. e._ :1. ,·b. (a..: -:J6..bu, to .ay, to repeat;_-.Jo--JloUr unspeakable(?) D:L 4::-V. 4,

(the Nading of A.. dubMlus, ,'. Iei"remarks on this (lll...sage).

l:;Y~'.:;jo .11d[NXJ, I'rob. an inoolT. reNding~ for ,UJga-p<.,

r-:'~~r.:r oddy'-IJU, (If. btu!!, (III~ 1"(/11fj6!),I" fut. TI/Ilg(.), imp. ((JIp, II~ ·tl"""

k" ilUl1 ·toO or tllf/ /(I,j.., I. to bincl. futen.lie to, (opl" to .gnJl-oo), 11'. ·tyi t.ig- ubor·, tie lip. (M~ten. tile dog ....ell; (v.•b6r00); la &0 II l!liDg, frq.: also iD " morej.!etK'ral 8eDSC: to fix, to aOad!. e.g. a l>alcony to a hou:>c S.g.: t, tie round. to buc:1t~

on, fIO-w,,. l•• -la the arlllour I'N.: to

280

jlofi-ba 'C]' Qdod-pa

put on, rgyan gay clothes, finery, rgyan

bzdn-po btdgs-pa beautifully attired Mil. ;

col. also without rgyan, e.g. *tdg-dad-can*W. fond of dress and finery. 2. in par-ticular phrases: bkar -

Odogs- pa v. bkar;

mi-la s/cyon Odogs-pa to charge a person

with a fault, to upbraid; sgro Odogs-pa \.

sgro; fugs-la Od6gs-pa to interest one's self

in or for, to take care of; fcyod fugs-la mi

Oddgs- pa Odi ci yin mi ses why he does

not interest himself in your behalf, I knownot Mil.nt. 37, 6.; with reference to things:

to have near at heart; fugs-la btdgs-so youhave taken great care of me, a phrase

frq. used, where we should say: I am much

obliged to you! though Tibetans deny its

implying acknowledgment and expressionof thanks. -- dam - la Odogs-pa v. dam;

pan Odogs-pa v. pdn-pa; min Odogs-pa to

give a name; drd-bai sgo-nas according to

likeness or analogy Mm/.; Kyeui min ci-

skad ydags how is the boy to be called?

Dzl. min mi-ydun-ba zes (or mi-ydun-bar}

btdgs-so they named him... Mil., DzL;

min may also be wanting. 3. Gram, to

join, subjoin, affix, rar btags ga a g joinedwith r, i.e. rg; ra-la )a a j joined with r,

i.e. r) ;sa-la btags-pai ta-yig, st; ya-btags,

or shorter, yd-ta, the ya which is written

underneath, the subscribed ya,= *& yd-

ta btdgs-pa yi-ge bdun, seven letters are

joined with yd-ta(gs} Glr.; smdd- dogs

ysum the three subscribed letters, ya, ra,

and la Zam.; Odogs-can 1 . having a letter

subscribed; 2. an open syllable with a

vowel-sign, as go zjf de mdo &pT etc.

(not da ^ or mda &I^\) Zam. ; a- Odogsconsonants with a (RJ subscribed, syllables

with a long vowel. 4. in philosophical

writings: btdgs-pa conditional, not absolute,

Was. (228. 270), btags-med nominal Was.

(281).

nPr'CT* Qdoh-ba, pf. and imp. don or Odon,

to go, to proceed, so-sdr Dzl. to

separate, to disperse; rgydl-poi tdd-du

(to go) to the king; pyi-rol-tu Jmg-cinto take a walk Dzl.; ddn-no let us go

DzL; log-la ^don-no let us turn back Glr.

-Odod-pa I. vb. ( W. more frq. fdd-

pa), to have a mind, to like, to be

willing, zas bzdii-po mi Odod Dzl.; mi za

Odod fsul byed he pretends not to like this

food Lt.; sbyin(-par) Odod-pa Ogyur he

gets inclined to give ;mi Odod-par ^gyur-ba

to feel no longer inclined; to wish, nydn

(-pa/1

) to listen; ci dan ci Oddd-pa what-

ever you may wish Dzl.; rgydl-po Odod-

pa to wish to be a king Dzl. ; as adj.:

wished for, desirable, esp. with negatives,

v. below; Odod-par byd-ba adj. agreeable,

pleasing, obliging, flattering, Stg., Cs.; to

desire, to long for, Kyim Odod I wish I

were at home Dzl.; me dan nyi-ma (I

am longing) for fire and for sunshine Med.;

bu - mo na mi Odod I do not wish for a

girl; ran- dod-zen-pa self-love Glr.; (ran-)

bzdn- dod self-complacency, vanity, Glr.; to

ask for, to demand, koit-jo Od6d-pa-la slebs

they came in order to ask for Konjo (in

marriage) Glr.;

to strive for, to aspire after,

safis-rgyd-bar for holiness, for being like

Buddha, for Buddhaship, DzL; to be willing,

to intend; also ironically: nd- dod-pa one

that wants to grow ill, that does not take

any care of himself; to be ready, willing,

bsnyen-bkur byed-par to take charge of the

waiting on (Buddha); Odod-par byed -pato make willing, disposed, to persuade to

it DzL; to maintain, to assert; to suppose;

to pronounce to be (cf. Ofdd-pa?) Mng.,

Tar. and elsewh. frq.- - mi

Odod-pa to

be not willing, not liking ;to detest, btsogs-

pas kun-gyis mi Odod-na as she was detested

by all on account of her sluttishness Dzl.;

to be angry, indignant, zes mi Odod nas thus

exclaiming indignantly DzL; mi- dod-pa,and ma- dod-pa adj. not wished for, dis-

agreeable, adverse, mi- dod-pai las hard

drudgery; mi- dod(-log)-pai rlun adverse

wind, frq.; *fsig mi-dod-pa zer-k'an* W.

one that slanders.

II. sbst. Ssk. cRT*T 1- l"st> desire in ge-

neral; Odod-pa kun zdd-de after all desires

have ceased DzL; Odod-pa-rnams-la cdgs-

pa to indulge one's desires or passions;

in a special sense, carnal desire, lust, vo-

280

put on, 1'!J!lun gay clothes, finery, lY!!lan[,::a;.-po btfi!Js-pa beautifully attired Nil.;col. also without 1>9!1U1I, e.g. *ttiy-dad-cUlI·nz fond of dress lind finery. - 2. in pllr-ticular phrllScs: bkar - od6[;s - pa \-. bJ.Ylr;'m;-la 3lryon od6fp - pa to charge a personwith a fault, to upbraid; Slyo "dOgs - pa Y.

8[}I'O; (u!1'-la od6g3-pa to interest one's selfin or for, to take care of; ~'sod ((~fl$.la mi006[;8 - pa oJ; li !litl 'TIlt' it'$ why he docsnol intel'(lst himself in your behalf, I knownot Mif.nt. 37, 6.; with reference to things:to have near at heart; (u9s-1a btdg8-M )'OU

have taken great care of me, a plUMefrq. used, where we should ally: I am muchobliged to you! though Tibetnns deny itsimplying acknowledgment and expressionof thllnks. - dtim· ttl oddt,p - pa v. dam;lian lldgs-pa v. part_pa; miJi odd9s-pa togive a name; drd·lxd ~J6-nas according tolikeuess or analogy ,M,i:/.j l!!Jcui mili i'i~

slrad {dags how i8 the boy to be cnlled?Dzl.. miil mi~}'dl"i-w Ze8 (01' mi~rdui/~ba,')

btdgs - so tJJ('Y named him ... Mil., Dd.;min mllY ulso be wanting. - 3. Gmnl. tojoin, subjoin, affix, rar btllfJ8 !fa Q 9 joinedwith r, i.e. rg; ra-la ja l\ j joined with or,i.e. 1); sa-la bta!fs~pai (l.I.yig, st; ya-btags,or shorter, yti~f(l, the ya which is writtenunderneath, the subscribed ya, _ "'"; yJta btdgs-pa yj~!Jt bdun, seven letters arcjoined with yJ-ta(gs) Gfr.; smdd~odogs

fIlUm the three subscribed letters, ya, ra,and fa ZI.I11l.; oJ0g3~i:an I. having a lettersubscribp.d; 2. an open syllabic with a

yowel--sign, as go 5f, de ~, mdo ~=\, etc.(not da .:; or 1Ilda ~:::;OJ Zalll,; a-odi>gsconsonnnts witll a (G\) subseribcd, syllableswith a long \·owe\. - 4. in philosophi('alwritings; btJgs-pa conditional, not absolute,Was. (228. ~70), btaglrilled nominal Jl'1M.(281).a.~..::r' oddit~ba, pf. aud imp. doli or odoi/,

to go, to proceed, so ~ stSr D::f. toseparate, to disperse; f!Jydl. po; tJd ~ du(to go) to the king; hl-rol-tu offl!J~i:j,j

to take a walk D::l.; dOli ~ no Jet us goD::l.; l6g~la "doli..no let us to/D back Glr.

r.I.~·'r odM.pa I. vb. (Iv. more frq. (Jtl~pa), to have a mind, to like, to be

wilting, ::as b::dil ~ po m; odod D::l.; 1/Ii ::,~

odod t'3ul byed he Ilretends not to like thisfood Lt.; sb!lin(~par) od6d~pa ofIYUI' hegets inclincd to give; mi odQd.par o!I.rJlir~ba

to feel no longer inclined; to wish, nyd'~

(~por) to listen; N dan ci od6d-pa whal~

ever you may wish D::l.; rgyJI- po oddd~

pa to wish to be IL king D::I.; u.s adj.;wished for, desirable, esp. wilh negatives,\'. below; oddd-par b.rJd..ba adj. agrteable,pleasing, obliging, flattering, Sty., c..; todesire, to long for, fyim odod 1 wish 1were at home D::l.; me dUli nyf. lila (Inm longing) for fire and for sunshine Mcd.;bit - mo ,ia mi odtJd 1 do not wish for agirl; ,·a,i~odM~=en.pa self~love Gb'.; (rari·)b::d,i~odod self.complacency, vanity, GlI·.; toask for, to demand, kOJi-)o o<Md~pa--la subsUley cllrue iu order 10 ask for KOIi)o (inmarringe) Glr.; to strive for, to aspire atter,fQliNWJa.bar for boliuess, for being likeBuddha, for Bu.-Idhnsllip, Dzl.; to be willing,to intend; I\lso ironicully; nd~odod-pc. onethnt wants to grow ill, that does not takeany care of himself; to be ready, willing,bS1lyett-bklir byld-par to take charge of thewaiting on (Buddha); od6d~par b.rJb1 ~ pato make willing, disposed, to Ilersuade to

it D::l.; to maintain, to assert; to suppose;to pronounce to be (cf. o(Jd· pa'!) Milg.,Tar. and elsewh. frq. - lIIi odOd ~ pa tobe not willing, not liking; to detest, btMg8pas I.:im,..uyis mi oddd-na I\S s~e \vns detestedby uJl on account of her sluttishoess Dzf. j

to be angry, indignant, z('lJ 1/Ii oddd nas thusexclaiming indignautly J)::l.; mi·oddd.pa,and ma~odM.pa adj. not wished for, disagreeable, adverse, mi~od6d~pa; las hnrdtlrudgery.; mi-odod(-l6y)·pai rlun adn·rse",iud, frq,; ·(sig 1IIi~ dM.pa ::t1·~lian· n:one that slanders.

II. sbst. &1.:. 1fT'Il' 1. 11I~t, desire. in goncruJ; odM-pa lun zad-.Je after till desireshave ceased D::l.; oddd·pa~''Tla''l8-la M!JlI.pa to indulge one's desires or llMsions;in u.~'lccial sense, carnal desire, hlst, yo·, v

don

luptuousness, = Odod-cdgs, frq.; melon.,

coitus, Qdod-pa spyod-pa to practise it;

l-pai dua Oddbs-pa to agree upon the

time for cohabiting Tar. - - 2. Ssk. j^p,a wish, <ldd-pa ysum yndii-na if three

wishes are granted DzL; meton. the object

of desire, jdod-pa fob -pa; Od6d-pa dan

Jbrdl-ba to be separated from the objectof one's desire. 3. supposition Ta7-.45, 21.

- 4. W. semen virile. 5. Kama, Cupid, the

god of love and of lust. 6.symb.num.: 13.

Comp. Odod-Kdms the world of sensual

pleasure, the world of Brahma; Dod-Kams-

bddg-ma, prop. n. -Skye-dgui-bddy^mo, =

Dpal-lhd-mo. d6d-mKan he that wishes,

seeks, sues, a lover, suitor, cca., naiJru-

mo dod-mKan mdn-po Odug there are here

many suitors of my daughter Glr. Odod-

dgu all wishes, Itts Qdod-dgur sgyur-ba to

transform one's self at pleasure Mil., Stg.-

Oddd-(;any Odod-lddn, Oddd-pa-can eager,

desirous Cs. Odod -cdgs ("3TJT) passion,

carnal desire, lust, frq., Odod-cdgs s(-ycs-te,

Odod-cdgs-kyis yduris-te; as the highest of

the three guna (cf. yti-mug) it correspondsto ^Hr, virtue, and is symbolized as cock

or hen, though Tibetan readers probablynever understand anything else by it than

sensual indulgence.--

Odod-j6 v. Jo-ba.

Odod-dun strong desire Cs. Odod-dpdl

prop. n. Dodpal. a large hardware-manu-

factory and mint at the foot of the Potala

in Lhasa. Odod-brdl, Odod-med, free from

passions.--

Odod-(pai} y6n-(tan) 'wished

for goods', earthly goods and pleasures,whatever is grateful to the senses, such

as Odod~pa Ina, a delight to the ears, the

eyes, the palate etc. Odod-I6g unchastity,

lewdness, prostitution, spyod-pa to have illi-

cit, esp. incestuous intercourse, dan with.

-Od6d-sred-can avaricious, greedy Pth.,

yet cf. cogs -sred- can; both words prob.

signify the same. Odod-lha Odod-pa 5.

Odon Lt., n. of a medicine (?) dkar,

dmar, skyur- don.

Odon~pa, pf. bton, fut. (Cs.} ydon,

imp. fow, W. *ton-ce*, the vulg.

word for Obym-pa, vb.a. to fon-pa, Obyun-

ba, to cause to go out or to come forth, i.c.

1. to expel, throw out eject, from the house,

village etc.; to take out, from a box; to

draw forth;to dig out, metals; *ztin-ton-M*

W. a copper-mine; *t6n-te bdr-te* W. to

put, set, lay, place out; to let out, of prisonI'll' : to drive or turn away, to dismiss, a

servant, a wife etc., frq.; *na Hoi Ka-neca>i ma ton* W. I could not get or force

any thing out of him; mci-ma Odon-pa to

shed tears Glr.;

with skad and similar

words: to utter, to set up (a cry), to make

one's self heard; hence 2. to pronounce, .'//-

ge ynyis-ynyis-su Odon-pa to pronounce two

consonants as two distinct sounds Gram.;to pronounce a magic formula; kldg-pa dan

Odon-pa-la goms-sin practising reading and

pronouncing Dzl.; to say, to repeat; to re-

cite (sacred texts) with a singing, drawling

tone, like that of mendicant friars; hence

in general, to perform one's devotions; Zal-

Od6n-du mdzdd-pa, Tar. 95, 11, prob.

resp.= Ka-ton by6d-pa to repeat by heart;

fugs-la Odon-pa prob. to read silently.

3. fig. to elevate, to raise, /W tog-tu I*th.,

or rgydl-sar Glr., to raise to the throne;

myo v. mgo- don, sub mgo compounds;

yzdn -gyi srog to prolong a person's life,

by affording him a (scanty) subsistence

T/igy.; *srog-ton-/can(-po)* W. the giver

of life, Cwanniog. 4. */ira tdn-ce* W. to

sharpen a scythe by means of a hammer. -

5. to edit, to publish, books. Tar. 47, 17.

6. cos mfd - ru Oddn - pa to arrive at

the end and scope of religious knowledgeMil. --1. W. resp. to take, to taste, to eat

or to drink, don yin-na would you like a

taste of that? don-Kan dining-room; ddn-

gir resp. for ta-yir; don-rag for it-rag.

Od(wi-f.xi1. to come together /

Lt. 2. for Oddm-}>(i to choose,

to make a choice Glr. 3. also Od6m*-pa,

pf. ydams, ft. ydam, imp. Odoms, I . to ad-

vise, cf. fddm-pa. 2. to exhort, bdg-mai-

pa-rnams-la wicked persons, brtson-par

to give diligence Tar. 3. to recommend

Glr., to bid, to command, v. yd<nn-ya.-

4. 6i.; importance: business, occupation (?).

18*

281

IUptuOUllltsS, _ ,,~l_ cdgl, frq.; meton.,coitus, /ldd-pa 'P~-pa to prtoelise it;o/IOd-pai d"" odib«-rJa to "gr~ upon tbetime for cohabiting Tar. - 2. &k. ~,a with, "Ildd -lKl }'$'Wl mali - nu. if threewishes nre grllnted D::l.; meton. tlJe objectof desire, ~ddd-pa {Jb-paj odOd-pa dan"brdl-ba to he SCpftl'llted from the objectuf one's desire. - 3. supposition Tar. 4b, 21.- 4. Iv. semen virile. - 5. Kama, Cupid, thegod of love and oflust.- 6.symh. num.: 13.

Compo odoJ-laln3 the world of sensualple;lsure, Ilia world of Brllohma; "Dod-~'arMbddg-ma, prop. n. or Skllt-dgu.i-bddfl--m<J,Dpal-lhd-mo. - oddd-1lllCan he tbat wishes,seeks, sues, a lover, suitor, cca., nlli ""mil "ddd-m~'Il71 md,i-po odug there are heremany suitors of my d::r.ugbter GIr. - o~dgu all wishes, 11/3 odDd-d!pir afJYU.r-ba totransform one's self at pleasure MiL, Sty.- o~tan, odod-Iddn, odOd-pa-can eager,desirous Ca. - odod - 'ldga ('"') passion,carnal desire, lust, frq.} "dod-lags s{!Jh-te,odDd-Cdgs-kyis rdi/lis-u; as the Ilighest ofthe three gunl (cf. rti-mug) it correspondsto ~, virtue, and is symbolized I\S cockor h<lD, though Tibetan readers probablynC\'cr understand anything cl.se by it than!lensunl indulgence. - odDd-Jd v. Jd-ba.- odtxl-Jlm strong desire 0. - o~pJl

prop. n. Dodpcl.l, a large hardware-mnnufactory and mint at the foot of the Potainin Lhasa. - odod-lmil, oJod-m&/, free frompassions. - "dod-{pIli) ybn-(tan) 'wishedfor goods', earthly good~ and plel\Sure~,

whatever is gmteful to the senses, sllchas "dOd-po. Mil, B delight to the ears, theeyes, the. palate etc. - odod-Mg unchastity,lewdness, prostitution, ,pyM-pa to haye illicit., esp. incestuous intercourse, dati with.- "dOd-.rtd _Cal~ avaricious, greedy Ptll.,}'et cf. 'lags - 8/·tel - can; both words prob.siRnify the same. - "dod-lila ~ odod--pa 5.Q,~ odon Lt., n. of a medicine (?) dkar,

{/mal', sl..yur-odon.~~.q' odOn-pa, pf. bton, fut. (c,.) )yum,

i'l'7' imp. {on, W. ·tdn-~, the \'ulg.w!'l'd .for obyin.pa, vb. a. to (d~;;Jrt, "bJJllti-

00, to cause to go out or to come forth, i.e.1. to expel, throw out, eject, from tlie holl5e,\'iIIage ete.; to take out, from a bOI"; todraw forth; to dig out, metals; -:dli_ton-taW. a copper-mine; -t6n-t~ bdr-le- w; 10put, set, lay, place out; to let out, of pn50n1111.; to drive or tum away, to dismiss, asenant, " wife etc., frq.; -lia 'ot ta-rtfcali ma /on- w: I could not get. or forceany thing out of him; m'li-ma .d6n-ra toshed tears Glr.; with skad aod similarwords: to utter, to set up (a cry), to makeone's self heard; hence 2. to pronounce, yi_9' rnllU-)'7Iyf84U odOn.pa to pronounce twooonsonQnts tIS two distinct sounds Gralll.;to pronounce 1\ magic formula; l:ldg-pa darioddn.pa-la !Jd'n.~4 praclising reading IlDdpronouncing D:l.; to say, to repeat; to recile (sacred tnts) with A singing, drawlillgtone, liko th;1t of mendicant friars; hencein general, to perform one's devotions; ~al

oddn - du lIul::dd -1Ja, Tar. 95, l1, prob.resp. _ A!a-t6n bt/M-pa to repeat by heart;"'gs-l« ooon-pa prob. to re:ul silently. 3. fig. to elevate, to raise, I!ri (Oy-tIl PtA.,or 1YJYdI..,ar Gir., to raise to the throne;1ngO v. mgo~odon, sub mgo compound;;;rUn - gyi n'OfJ to prolong a IJerson's life,by affording him ft (scanty) suhs.istenceThgy.; ·srdg-ton-kan(-l'0)· IV. the giverof life, '«Innnll~. - 4. ·J.'a tdn-t" IV. tosharpen A scythe by means of a hammer. 5. to edit, to publish, books, Ttlr.04:7, 17.- 6. 'los mfd-ro odOt~-pa to arrive atthe end and seope of religious .kllo1'lled~

Mil. - 7. IV. resp. to taJ(e, to taste, to titor to drink, don yin-lIlJ would you like ataste of that? d611--Itan dining--room; d6>tgir resp. for t~ir; dJn..,.ag for j~-f'YJ!!'

r.:~'=r o(ldm-pa l. to come together L~oI.,

.....y Lt. - 2. for oOOll...pa to choose,to make a choice GIr. - 3. also odhJl..pa,pf. rdaffl3, ft. ydam, imp. odo,,-..., 1. to Ittvise, cr. rddm.pa. 2. to e.hort, bdg-.".«lpa-nla~-l" wicked pel"8Ons, 6r~N-par

to give diligence T(Jr. 3. to recommendGir., to bid, to command, v. rcWtt.-pa. . 01.; imp'ortance; business, occupation (?).C. 15.

282

<drd-ba

J. * Mi

measure, a fathom,= 6 feet,

Odom~gdn one fathom, S.g., as the usual

length of a man, = Kru bzi; sin Odom do

a piece of wood two fathoms long Dzl ;

Odom bcui don a well ten fathoms deep;

Oddm-gyis, or Oddms-su Jdl-ba to measure

by fathoms Cs.; Odom-gan-gru-bzi 1. adj.

measuring a square fathom, also a cubic

fathom; 2. sbst. a strong jail or dungeon.2. imp. of Qdam-pa to choose.

QB&rar Odoms the pudenda, privities, regio

pubis, Odoms(-kyi)-spu the hair of

that region, Odoms-spu Ofdg-pa to pluckout such hair 6s.

;rna-ma Odoms 6g-tu Ojvg-

pa col. to take to one's heels; Odoms-stdn

vulg. without breeches ; sdoms-lpdgs foreskin,

prepuce (?); Odoms -ytsdn (-ma) C. a pure

virgin; a nun; Odoms -ytsdn

-pa a chaste

monk (if not rather sdom is meant); Odoms-

rds (also car-rdsCs.) a small apron to

cover the privy parts Cs.

Oddr-ba, pf. and imp. dor (cog. to

ytdr-ba, stdr-ba, byi-ddr, p'yag-

ddr). 1. to throw or cast away, like ytdr-

ba and Jbdr-ba Stg.; esp. to throw out, to

eject, spittle, frq.; dri-cu Oddr-ba to makewater Glr.; fig. srog Oddr-ba to fling awayone's life Dzl; to sweep out or away Dzl,

Stg. 2. (opp. to Un-pa, bzed-pa) to

decline, refuse, reject, despise, things offered

Dzl; to reject, a reading, a passage Gram.;to disapprove, of an action as immoral; blan-

ddr, Odor-len, accepting and rejecting, de-

ciding for or against, e.g. dge-sdig-gi Glr.

3. to Subtract, dor-bai Ihdg-ma Wdk. the

remainder left after subtracting; perh. also

to divide. 4. srog Oddr-ba also signifies :

to endanger life, or to deprive of life, used e.g.

of diseases S.g. ; gdm-pa Oddr-ba (= Obor-

bd), to pace, to step, to stride, frq. ;dmdd-

pa Odor-ba v. dmdd-pa.

Oddl-sa Lex., fertile ground or soil

Sch.

Odrd-ba 1. adj., C.: *dd-te*, similar,

equal (which two notions gen. are

not strictly distinguished from each other);

Odrd-ba Odi-dag these equal things, for:

these comparisons, Pth.; kyed ynyis Odrd-

bar Odug, Odra-ba yin, Odrao, you two

resemble each other very much; with a

pleon. mnyam: rin-fun mnydm-la Odrd-ba

equally long Dzl; gen. with dan or accus.,

seldom with terrain., in various applications:

tiyed(dan) Odrd-ba ni your equals Dzl. ; bud-

med-du Odrd-bai ndn-na amongst woman-

like, effeminate (men), Dzl; Odii byin fsdhs-

pa dan Odrao his brightness is equal to

(that of) Brahma Dzl.; yzdn-gyi don-laan

rdn-gi Odrar sems-pa esteeming our neigh-

bour's advantage as high as our own S.g.;

fams-cc'id-la bu ycig-pa dan drao he behaved

to all as (to) an only son Dzl; with a

negative: yzan yan de dan Odrd-ste yndn-ba med others shall allow it just as little

as he himself Dzl. ; Sans-rgyds dan Odrd-

bar byd-bai pyir in order to be equal to

Buddha, to come up with Buddha Dzl;

brtsigs-pa mi Odra skyes-pa Odra not as if

(it had been) built, but as if it had grown

up spontaneously Glr.; bdag Odra bud-med

blo-dmdn kyan even a stupid woman like

myself; skra Odrd-ba yod-dam whether any

thing like hair is still left? Mil. ; fen-ro

Odra rnyed he found the remnants of a

carcass or something like it Mil; ro dan

Odrd-ba as much as dead Wdn.; mnydn-

pa dan Odrd-bai bses-ynyen a teacher like

as a ferryman (conveying to the shores

of happiness) Thgy. ; rtag-rtdg Odra yan

seemingly eternal Mil ; skyid-skyid Odra yaneven if it appears a blessing Mil; run-ba

dan Odrd-na if it appears feasible Dzl;ster dgos-pa Odra it seems I shall be obliged

to give it Glr. ; da-ldn tfyod nus-pa ce-ce

Odra bzin byan- ste as your strength this

time at least seems to be rather great Mil ;

Kyedslu-slu Odra you might easily be ensnared

Mil; mi- drd-ba unequal, unlike, different,

snon-cdd dan mi Odrd-bar quite otherwise

than formerly Dzl; cos-pa mi Odrd-bar not

like, not befitting, a priest Mil; various,

several, *Ka-ze mi-dd-wa* C. several dishes;

Odi- dra-ba,de- dra-ba SUC\\;de-dras, (*dhen-

de* C. vulg.) SO, thus;

ci- dra-ba, ji-Qdra-

ba of what kind (qualis), ci- dra cig legs-

282

"''\'!C'''I)"(tf) .Mm(.)(-p.c..) 1,. loog-measure, a fathom, - 6 feet,

odom-gd>i- ODe fathom, 8.9" as the usuallength of a man, = I.,Tu bzi; Bin "cWm ddIL piece of wood two fathoms long Dzl.;..dttm bCui doli a well ten fathoms deep;odlnn-gyia, or oddmr-ru Jdl-oo to .measureby fathoms Ca.; odQ1lt-oati-f/ru-b'Z; 1. adj.measuring 8. square fathom, also a cubicfathom; 2. sbst. a strong jailor dungeon.- 2. imp. of odam-pa to choose.~~~ or./J:mu the pudenda, privities, regia

pubis, ofhma(-k!p)-'I'U the hair ofthat region, odfnm-8pu .fdg-pa to pluckout such hair lA.; rlia-ma,jlom3 rig-Iu Jugpo coL to take to one's beels; odmm...,t61ivulg. without breeches;.~-lpdg8 foreskin,prepuce(?); odQ1M-~/lJi(-ma) C. a purevirgin; a nUD; odottu -yuan - pa a chnstemonk (if not rather adem is mcan~); odiJmt,rd3 (also ~ar - rd. c,.) a small apron to

cover the privy parts C,.~~::::,: "dltr-ba, p£ and imp. tkJr (COK. to

fith.ba, .tdr-ba, byi-ddr, PY"!lddr). 1. to throw or cast away, like rtOrbo. and oMr-bo. SifJ.; esp. 10 throw out, toeject, spittle, frq.; dri-w odJr-bo. to makewater Gir.; fig. 3TOg odJr-bo. to fling awayone's life Dzl.; to sweep out or away Dzl.,St9' - 2. (opp. to Ii:n-pa, bUd-po.) 10de<:line, refuse, reject, despise, things offeredD::l.; to reject, a reading, a pnssage Gram.;10 disapprove, of an action as iromorN; bland6r, odtJr-lin, accepting and rejecting, deciding for or against, e.g. dgMdlg-gi Gir.- 3.10 suhtract, d6r-bai llldg-mo. Wdk. theremninder left after subtracting; perh. also10 divide. - 4. frog odJr-ha also signifies:to endanger lile, or to deprive of life, used e.g.of diseases S.g.; g6'm~a odJr..ba (= obOrba), to pace, to step, to stride, frq.; dnWdpa odtJr-ba v. dmdd-pa.~~Of~ oddl-&a LUI., fertile ground or soil

&4.~·t:r odrd-ba 1. adj., C.: t1d_u*, similar,

equal (which two notions gen. lorenot strictly distinguished from each otber);odrd-ba odl-dag these equal things, or:, ,

these comparisons, Pth.; kytd f1lyh oMahaI' odug, odra-fxJ yin, odrao, you tworesemble each other very much; with al,leon. mnyam: rin-(un mnydm-la odrd-baequally long DzL; gen. with dan or ac.c1lS.,seldom with term in., in \'ariollS npplication!:Ityed(oon) odrd-ba ni your equals DzL; lmdnlid-du odrd-bai ndn-na amongst womaDlike, eft'eminnte (men), Dzl.j odi;, 61/in (3antpa dati odrao his brightness is equal to(that of) Brahma Dzl.; rZdn-gyi dQn..laanrari_gi odrar .bn3-pa esteeming our neighbour's advantage as high as our own S.g.;(anu-l:ud-la &u yi:ig-pa da~ droo he behavedto all as (to) an only son Dzl.; ",'ilh ane~ative: ~n yari de oori odra..-tt rnari~

ba mea others shall allow it just as iiuleI\.S he himself Du.; San.-r!Jyds dan dIrdlnzr byJ-lnzi ftyir in order to be equal toBuddha, to come Ull with Budciha Dzl.;lJ-rUig.-pa mi odra J.:ye3-pG odra not as if(it had been) built, but as if it had grownup sponw.neeusly Glr.j bdag odra buJ-mMbkHlmJn k1/ati even a stupid woman likemyself; d:ra odra-ba ydd-dam whether anything like hair is still left? MiL; feil-roodm myed he found the remnants of acarcass or something like it Mil. j ro danodrd-ba all much f\S dead WdIi.j mnyanpo. dati odrd-bai bus-yn1/ffl a teacher likeas a ferr)'man (com'eying to the shoresof happiness) Thgy.; riag -rtdg odra yail.seemingly eternal Mil ; d:yuwkrid odra yarieveD if it appelU1l a blessing Mil.; ruti-badari odra -~ if it appears feasilJle Dzl.;3fer dgo.-pa odra it seems I shall be obligedto give it Glr.; oo-[,]n fyod nU3-pa h·lJodra 6Zin Oyun. 3U as your strength thistime at least seems to be rather great MiL;/{yed sllNlu odra you might easily be ensnaredMil.; mi-odrd-ba unequa~ unlike, different.srion-edd dati mi odrd-6ar quite otherwisethlUl formerly Dzl.; cdtJ-pa mi odrd~bar DOL

like, not befitting, a priest Mil.;_varioul,several, ·Ila-zi mi-1d-wa· C. se\'el1ll dishes;odi~odra-ba, d)..odra-ba such ;dJ..dras, rdhinde· C. vulg.) so, thus; Ci-odra-ba, ji·odrabq 01 wn,t kind (qualis), "'"odra i:ig Uga-

par ston dgo you must tell me minutelylmw she looks, what kind of appearanceshe has Glr.; put/ V jlnt cig ^mi what will

be the upshot? where is this to end? Glr.;

im )i- dra-bar de b$in Ogyur he becomes

just what I am <$#.; *ghdn-de* 6'. col. how?

Odra- dra ( W.*dan-da*) very frq. for Odrd-

ba, e.g. ha-dkdr-gyi rgyu Odrd- dra-la tig-

rtse-zer something similar to the substance

of tin is called zinc; Odra mi O dra like

and unlike; equality, likeness, similarity, .//v

mi Odra ltd-ba to examine the likeness Glr.

- 2. sbst. i . resemblance, likeness, v. Od6gs-

pa 2. 2. form, shape, appearance, phase.

Thg.

Odrans v. gratis.

Odrad v. Jbrad.

Odran v. ^ran.

Odrdl-ba, pf. dral (cf. rdl-ba and

hrdl-ba), to tear to pieces, to rend

asunder; also to pull down, a house; to rip

up, to cut open, an animal.

Odri-ba, pf. and imp. Odris, 1. to ask,

. . . Za, W. nas, a person ;with accus.

to enquire after or about a thing; grds- dri-

sa a place for asking advice, oracle Glr.;

bld-ma Odri-ba to inquire after one's LamaMil.

\ pa-mdiytam after one's parents Dzl.\

Odrl-bai fsig interrogative pronoun, e.g. ti

Gram.;

v. also dri-ba. 2. inst. of Obri-ba.

Odrin-ba Glr. fol. 57, 12? another

reading: Idih-ba.

'^T Odrid-pa for Obrid-pa.

Odrim-pa for Obrim-pa.

Odril-ba, pf. dril, I. vb. n., cf. Ogril-

ba and hril-ba, 1. to be turned,

rolled round or twisted into a thing, od-zer-

gyi gdn-bur to be wrapped into a covering

of light Glr.;

to gather, to flow together, as

po-bai bdd-kan, the gastric phlegm Ali'tl.:

fig.: blo-sems ycig-tu Odril-te whilst our

minds were flowing together Glr. ; yi'd-pa-

rnams Kd-cdril-te no-log-pa a conspiracy

Schr. 2. to roll down, ri-bo nos-la the

slope of a hill Tlyy.- - 3. to fall, to fall

down W.

II. vb. a., cf. tgrttrba, to wrap up, rrf-

kyis in a kandkerchief (?/r., dar ma Iria*

in five sorts of silk Glr.; zan-kyi* (coveredor sheathed) with copper Mil.; to heap

together, to pile up. mt-tog p&n-por dril

the blossoms are aggregated, heaped to-

gether in a panicle W<//>. , ilril-bas in short,

to sum up all, in summa fi/r. -l)ags Odril-

ba Sch. : to play with the tongue, movingit to and fro.

Odris-pa to be accustomed to, to

be acquainted with, gen. with dan,

Glr. and col.; rarely with accus.: ynyen

)i tsam Odris bkin the more friends you get

familiar with; mig Odris %h-na if persons

constantly see one another, get perfectly

used to one another, Mil.; mostly adj.

(= goms-pa) accustomed, used, mi or Kdn-

pa dan, to men, to one's house; also dris-

pa used absol. = tame W.; dris-pa mi an

acquaintance, a sympathizing friend, an

assistant Thgy.\ snar-dris-kyi mi an old

acquaintance, an old crony Thgr. A deri-

vation of dris-pa from <lrid-pa, Obrid-pa,

to deceive, to bait, to decoy, and hence

to tame, was suggested by some Tibetans,

but is after all scarcely to be authenti-

cated.

dru-ba v. bru-ba.

orrnw'n* <>drugs-pa to fall into small pieces,

'$,'

to crumble (away) Sch.

n rr]

Odrud-pa, pf. and imp. drud( dnu?')t

9>'

rarely Jbrud-pa* 1 . to rub, lu* the

body; to file, to rasp, m wood, L&r.; to

rub Off, to SCOUr, *bt>-ma dan W. ; to polish,

to smooth, to plane, pag-ste with a planeW.

;to grind, to powder, to pulverize (?).

-

2. to drag, to draw or pull along on the ground,

by a rope, ro sd-la a dead body on the

ground (ma- drvs-par without slipping (?)

Med.) 3. *dud-de gyur ton* W. move,

or push it a little aside; dud cdd-te W.

to cut off obliquely (?).

Odrub-pa, pf. and imp. drub()

'\

p<tr ,ton dVO' you IDllSt tell me ,uinulelyhow she )uokg, what kind of appeaMWceshe hfts Glr.; lfflg f:i odm Ny ~O" what willbe the upshot? where i~ this to end? Glr.;HII )i-odra-bal' de bzin ofI!IUr he becomesjust what I am seg.; °ghdn-dfo C. col. how?owa-od/'a (HZ o{ldn-</aO

) very frq. for odrd00, e.g. Ja-dkdr-gyi f'fJ!JU odrd-odra-Ia ttg_rlu_Z" something similar to tile substnnceof lin is called :r:inc; odra mi odra likeand unlikej equality, likeness, similarity, odratill odra ltd..ba to c:u.mine the likeness Glr.- 2. sbst. I. resemblance, likeness, v. oddg,pa 2. - 2. for"', shape, appearance, phase.7'hg.

~I:.~' odrail$ v. 09'wi,.

~~. odrad v• .brad.

a..5t~ odran v. o!I'"a1l.

o.::;~'.::r odrdl-ba, pf. dral (d. f"(U·OO nnd..... hrdl-ba), to tear to pieces, to rend

asunder; also to pull down, a house; to ripup, to cut open, an animal.o.~'=i' odr/·ba, pf. ilnd imp. odm, .1. to ask,

... la, W: nas, ll. person j Wllh o.CCUS.

to enquire after or about a. thing; grdI-odri.a a place for asking advice, oracle Gir. jbld-.ma odrl-IJa to inquire after one's I~ama

Mil.; fa-mdi rl(lm after one's parents Dzl.;odri-hai f$ig interrogative pronoun, e.g. f:iGrom.; v. n1s0 dri-ba. - 2. inst. of obri../xl.~~I:.'.q' odrlil-bu, Gir. fol. 57, 12? another

reading: ldiit-ba.

~~':r odrid-pa for obrid-pa.

~~'q odn'rn-pa for obrim-pa.

~t:lf=i' odril-ba, pr. dn:I, I. vb. n., cr. Jril-ba and /'ril- ha, I. to be turned,

rolled round or twisted into a thing, od-:::b-g!li gd'i-bur to be wrnpped into a coveringof light Glr.; to gather, to flow together, aspo-lJai 6dd.J:an, the gastric phlegm Mid.;fig.: blo-sb," rCig-tw; odril-u whilst ourminds were flowing together Glr.; yill-pa1'f1a1l18 Ild-odril-u iId-log-pa a cOlllpiracySelll". - 2. to roll down, ~ho 'io.-la the

1

dope of a hill TIttJ!J. - 3. to f.U, t. fatfdown iV.

II. "b. a., d. IfIrii-ha, to wrap up, rtf..It!!i' in 1\ kftndkercllief Gtr., dcu- 'Na lJiIUin five sorts ohilk Glr.; :a",..l"1l" (coyeredor shl'flthed) with copper Alii.; to heaptogether, to pile up, mi.tog pili _p« dn'lthe hlOl;8Oms are aggregated, heaped to

ll;ether in a panicle Wd,i.; drif../xu in short,to sum up all, in summa Glr. -l)as- odn'I00 $cn.: to play with the longue, moringit to and fro.

~S::-~"r odrh-pa to be accustomed to, to~ be acquainted with, gen. with dali,

G1r. and col.; rnrely with aceus.: ,"Pji tlIam odm bZin the more friends you getfamiliar with; ""9 odm lh-na if penonsconstantly see one another, get perfectlyused to one another, Alii.; m()St!y adj.(= !l0m3-pa) accustomed, lISed, mi or llilipa dan, to men, to one's house: also dri..pa used absol. = tame W; dri"1'a mi anacquaintance, a symllllthi:r:ing friend, anassistant Thgy.; '/iar-drh-k.1fi mi an oldt1cquaintance, an old crony Thgr. A derivation of drl,'fKA from odn'd-pa, obrid-pa,to deceive, to bait, to decoy, and henceto lame, was suggested by some Tibetans,but is after all llCarcely to be authenti·eated.

~.:r odrU-ba v. obrN-ba.

C.l.=\:q~'.q' odrUgs-JM to fall inlo small pieces,~ to crumble (all'ay) Sell.

~_~'.q odrild-pa, pf. and imp. dnK1(.,dnu?),~ rlil'Cly obrUd--pa, ]. to rub, 1," the

body; to file, to rasp, ii1i wood, Uz.; torub off, to scour, 0bi-nu. dali iv'; to polish,to smooth, to plane, Pa!l-lU witlL • planeW:; to grind, to powder, to pulverize (I). 2. to drag, to draw or pull along on the ground,by a rope, n:I ui-la • dead bod)' on theground (7IIa-.driu-par without $olipiling(?)Mtd..) - 3. °<lild_de !lvur to;"O ,Yo move,or push it • little aside; </tEd Md-~, Jv,to cut off obliquely(?).C.l.=\:::r.q' odr;'h.pa, pr. and imp. aM(.)

':;;! I. to sew &A., ~o perh.D:l, 7~, 11.

284

drul-ba 'CJ" Odren-pa

2. to embroider C. 3. to heal, rmawounds S.g. fsem-drub needle-work Sch.

Odrul-ba, pf. drul, gen. rul (q. v),

to become putrid, to rot, to putrefy,

drul- bar gyiir-ba id.; Odrul-bar byed-pato cause to be decomposed Med.; rten- drul

prob. : putrefied substances, bsan-ycis Jbyin-

par-byed are removed with the faeces Med.

Q* Odre, also lhd- dre, W. *ldn-(/e*, goblin,^

gnome, imp, demon, evil spirit, devil,

col. the most frq. word for such beings;

quite in a general sense : klu-ynydn-la sogs-

pai lha- dre-rnams; byd- dre, Odre-rg6d Lt.

prob. two particular species of demons;zd~ dre is said to be a word for 'owl';

Odres Ji'yer-ba to be carried off by goblins

Ma.', Odres-ynod, Odrei ynod-pa mischief

doneby evil spirits; Odre ^tig-pa the entering

of evil spirits, the state of possession; Odre-

zugs -pa ( W. *-Kan*} one possessed by a

devil, a demoniac; skrod-pato cast out, Odul-

ba to subdue (devils).

Comp. Odre-jigs-sin-gu-gul-sin, 'devil's

fear', a resinous wood, by the burning of

which goblins are smoked out. -

Odre-

pan-Ka n. of the fruit of sgon-fog Wdn. -

*de-pu (or bu?)-t'sub* W. whirlwind, water-

spout.--

Odre-po a male devil, Odre-mo a

female d., Odre-bu a young d., an imp Cs.

Odre-me-bud ignis fatuus, will-o'the wisp,

Jack with the lantern Schr. Odre-dmdga goblin host. --

Odre-ldg the left hand,

the left side of the body being supposedto belong to the evil spirits C. Odre-sig

'devil's louse', bed-bug C. Odre-srin goblins

and Rakshasas, demons in general, frq.

Odre-ba I. pf. and imp. Odres, prop.

vb.n. to bsre-ba, 1. to be mixed with,

de ynyis dres-(-na) Lt if the two are mixed

with each other; pyogs-ycig-tu Odres mixed

together, miscellaneous Lex.; Odres~mfsdms

( sams Tar.} the 'limit of mixing', rgyd-mt'so dan gdn-gd Odres-mfsdms the influx

of the Ganga into the sea Tar. 178, 9; fsig

yzan ma Odres-par without mingling other

talk with (the conversation) ;Ha dan snyin

ma Odres a man with whom word and senti-

ment differ, a hypocrite; cos dan cos ma

yin-pa Odres right and wrong were mixed

together; in an absol. sense: spyod-pa Odres-

te mu-stegs-par gyur-to his course of life

degenerated, and he became a Brahmanist

Pth.\ dud- gro Odres-pa an animal of a

mixed race, half-breed, mongrel; ma Odres-

par without any confounding or mixing to-

gether, sharply discriminating Mil.;ma-

Odres-pa prob. pure, unadulterated. 2. to

interfere, to meddle with, *de le-ka dan made* W. do not meddle with that; to have

intercourse with, to engage in, B. and col.;

rdfi-sems bld-ma Odres-pas bde through your,the Lama's, intercourse with my soul, in

your society, I am happy Mil; ytam Odre-

ba id.

II. erron. for ^re-ba Pth.-

^T Odreg-pa v. Obreg-pa.

Odreys v. dreg-pa.

ded-Jra* Odred-pa to slide, glide, slip,

de gyeP W.,*ded-tag(?} sor-ne

C. he slipped and fell.

Qdren-pa, pf. dran(s\ fut. dran,

imp. drones*), 1. to draw, drag, pull,

a carriage Glr.;a person by his arm Dzl.

;

drdg-tu violently Dzl.;to draw tight, a rope

Dzl.', to draw from, to pull out, an arrow

out of a wound Glr.;

to press or squeeze

out, matter, pus, Med.;

to tear out, yson-

poirgyu-ma the intestines of a living person ;

fig. Ka-cig fser-snon-gyi rigs-suan Odren some

reckon it (lit. draw it) to the species of

Meconopsis Wdn.-, to cause, to effect, bde-

cen felicity Thgy., skyug-pa vomiting Tar.

2. to conduct, water (W. *rdn-ce*)', to

lead, to guide; with or without sna, lam

Odren-pa tq direct a person in his way;also sbst. guide, Odren-med without a guide,

without akingZteZ. ; esp.toleadto happiness,

felicity, frq.; opp. to I6g- dren-pa q.v. ; yul-

du-dmag to lead an army into a country,

to wage war against it, frq. 3. to cite,

to quote, lun a religious authority Cs. -

4. to invite, a guest; to call, to go to meet;

to cause to appear, to conjure up, a ghost,

a deity; resp. spydn- dren-pa, yddn- dren-

28'

- 2. 10 embroider C. - 3. to heal, ,.rnawounds S'9' - (um-drUb needle-work Sell,a.-""'::r "drUl-/)a, pr. drul, j.teD. rul (q.v),~ to become putrid, 10 rot, to putrefy,

drM-bar pyUr.ba id.; "drid-bar bytd-pato cause to be decomposed Med.; rten-odrolprob.: putrefied substances, bAan-rlia J)!lin~

par-byl:d are removed with the faeces Med.R?' "are, also lhd·odl'e, Iv. °Uln-{/t', goblin,~ gnome, imp, demon, evil spirit, devil,

col. the most frq. word for such beings;quite in a gencml sensc: Jdu-yn!Jdn-la s6gspai lllu-"dre-rnam'j byd."dre, "dl'e--rgOdLt.prob. two particular species of demons;za .. "dre is said to be a word for 'owl';"drn o~'yb-ba tc be carried 0:11' by goblinsMa,; "dra-rIlM, odrei mOd-pa mischiefdone byevilspirils; "dl'e Jug-pa the enteringof evil spirits, the staLe of possession; "dreZugs-pa (IV. "-llanO) one possessed by adevil, ademoniac; skrdd-pato cast out, odul.ba to subdue (devils).

Compo odre-Jigs-Siil:~in,'devil'sfear', il resinous wood, by the burning ofwhich goblins are smoked out. - odte.pa,i.!.!a n. of the fmit of sg(ni.(og IVdil. -(le-,m (or bu'l}-fsub- lV. whirlwind, water·spout. - odri-J1o a male devil, odrt-nw 110

female d., od~ a young d., an imp Os.- odrt-1lU-bud ignis fatuus, will·o'the wisp,Jack with the lantern Schr. - odrNlmdga goblin host. - odre. Mg the left hand,the left side of the bod}' being supposedto belong to the evil spirits C. - odrl-Jig'devil's louse', bed·bug C.- odre.lrin goblinsand Rakshasas, demons in general, frq.a.~'z::r odre.ba 1. pf. and imp. •dres, prop.~ \·b. n. to bsr~ba, 1. to be miled with,

de }'flyis odrh-(.l1a) Lt. if the two are miJ.:edwith each other; p!JQ9S-rl:ig·tu odm mixedtogether, miscellaneous Lu.; odrt~lIlfsd1J1f,

(,,(~a1JllJ Tar.) the 'limit of miJ.:ing', rg!Jd171(80 dan gali-gJ. odrls.1/lfsdms the influxof the Ganga into the sea Tar. 178,9; fltig[zan ma odris-par without mingling othertalk with (the conversation); Ita dQlj,snyinma odres a mall with whom word and senti.ment differ, a hypocrite; loa daii Cos ma

J.)j 1.1

yin-pa .dres right and wrong were mi:ledtogether; in an absol. sense: spy&l-pa .drhtt '1Jl,i~tegs-par fI!Iur-to his course of lifedegenerated, and he became a BrahmanistPrJ,.; dud-"grf> odrh.pa an animal of amixed race, half·breed, mongrel; 11/a .drh-par without any confounding or muing 10'gelber, sharply discriminating Mil.; ma.dre..-pa prob. pure, unadulterated. - 2. tointerfere, to meddle With, -de li-ka dan ma{It' lv. do not meddle with that; to haveintercourse With, to engage in, B. and col.;rd'i-M1l'lll bld-ma odris-pas bat through your,the Lama's, intercourse with my soul, inyour society, 1 am happy Mil; rtam odr~

ba id.II. erron. for "gI'MJa PtlJ.

a.~l:Jf.:r odr~-pa v. obdg-pa.,

~5..:rr~ .drtgf v. dr,lg.pa.

~~~..q' .drhl-pa to slide, glide, slip, -«hide gyel'" lv., "1id~tag(') idr- R§

09yel' C. he slipped and fell.

a.~,{".:r odrin.pa, pf. dra';~f), fut. dran,~'I imp. dro'i(s), 1. to draw, drag, pull,

a carriage GII'.; a person by his arm Dzl.;drdg.tu violently Dzl. j to draw tight, a ropeDzl.; to draw from, to pullout, an arrowout of a wound Glr.; to press or squeezeout, matwr, pus, Med.; 10 tear out, rfo,j.poirgyu-ma the intestines of a living person;fig. I!a-Hg (scr-snon-gyi rigs.oBua,jgdren somereckon it (lit. draw it) to the species ofMeconopsis Wdn.; to cause, to effect, bdeun felicity 1"'9Y" sk!jUg-pa vomiting Tal'.- 2. to conduct, wawr (W. -J'dn-ee*); tolead, to guide; with or without ana, lamobin-pa tq direct a person in his way;also sbst. guide, odren-mid ",'itbout a guide,without akingD:l.; esp.lolead to happiness,felicity, frq.; opp. to l6g~.dren-paq.v.; yuldu-dmag to lead an army into a country,to wage war against it, frq. - 3. to cite,to quote, tuii a religious authority U. 4. to invite, a guest; to call, to go to meet;to cause 10 appear, to conjure up, a ghost,a d1ty; resp. apydn-.drm-P!!J!!d1j.odren-

rdiin-bn

pa; also for to fetch, to go for, if the object

is of a sacred character, e.g. relics; apt/an

ai'd-ba tn go uninvited ( .s.nni

- 5. to place before one, to serve up, dishes,

iiM-iils to pour out, IMTI-, \\inc etc., ccdpar.,

frq.; ivsp. with zdl-du Pth.\ to taste, to eat

or drink what has been offered, resp. W.

(cf. mc6d-pa, ysol-ba).-- 6. to count, to

number, esp. with re, or re-rd-nas, separately.

one by one, G7r, Mil.-, to enumerate, madram ... are here not enumerated Wdn.;c. i. -i mill, to count for, to consider, to look

upon as, dpe-ru as a parable, as not existing

Mil. 7. W. in a general sense: to convey,

to remove, *zd-ce fur-man dan (ten* food

is conveyed by a spoon, *Ka Kyem dan den*

snow is removed by a shovel. 8. further:

rkan (resp. zabs) Odren-pa to insult, to scoff,

to deride Thgy., C. - - me Odren-pa the

blazing, flaring of a flame Sch. mgo- dren

v. mgo, comp.

ofcfa-** Odres-ma,

mixture, medley, e.g. in

border-districts a mixed dialect, a mixed

religion; a mixed colour, e.g. gray.

Odrdns-pa = Odren-pa, esp. in

conjunction with spyan: spydn-

Odro/is-sam Itos sig; mi drons-na try whether

you can invite him (whether he will come) ;

if not, then . . . Mil., also Mil. nt.

Odrog-pa 1. to wince, shrink, quiver,

start, from fear; to shy, of horses;

Odr6g-can shy, skittish, easily frightened W.

2. --Odrog-sl6n-ba Sch.: to take by sur-

prise, to deceive by cunning, to outwit; blo-

Odr6g Lex. w.e.

Odrob-sky6n Sch. : 'the keeper of

light'c?).

"

rdan v. ydan.

'^T rddb-pa v. rdeb-pa.

rddr-ba v. bddr-ba.

XQ nldl-ba, pf. and fut. brdal, imp. rdol,

also yddl-ba, bddl-ba, 1 . to spread,

sand, stones, manure, esp. if done by means

of a stick, rake, shovel etc.; to extend, a

canopy llh.; to cover, rdzin-yi Sab*

max, the bottom of a pond with Hand />

fig. dam-con fnii-mnr luldl-lin-lu now when

holy religion lies before you as if it were

spread out in a plain, i e. when it is accessible

to all, Mil.; kyab-)'ddl or /<//// spreadingfar and wide, all-embracing, nem ndm-mka ltd-bu, c6*-kyi klon, cos-dbyint, and

the like; yron-rddl v. sub </n>n.-

"i. son-

yddlLea:. w.e.; Sch.\ slowly, not in a hurry.

jjcn*rdig

= yo-bydd? ndii-gi rdig kun .Mil.

'' seems to mean : all the utensils and

furniture of a house.

rdias - pa to beat Sch., prob.=

rdeg-pa.

i'dib-pa, pf. rdibs, vb. n. to rtib-pa,

to fall to pieces, to give way. to break

down, of a roof, rock, tree, the heavens.

- 2. to get dinted, battered, like tin-vessels

by a blow or knock, C., W.

rdu-ba Cs thistle, not generally known,

but perh. the same as ma-rdu.

rdfy-pa, pf. brdugs, fut. brdu'i, 1 . to

conquer, to vanquish (?), Un-rnamt-

kyis lha-ma-yin fiib-Hn rdvy-par byd- te

the Nagas having overcome and vanquished

the Asuras Stg. ;hence prob. to annihilate,

destroy, undo, der fobs brduys-pas as all

resources were destroyed Pth. 2. to strike

against, to stumble at, C. (cf. tng-pa 11,3);

fogs-rdug (or brtug)-med-pa, v. fogs

-pa,

without impediment.

i*C" rduh, a small mound, hillock, Ld.

\3

^_.j_. rdiiii-ba, pf. brduits, fut. bi\lun. imp.

5, (b}rdun(s), also bdun-ba, to beat,

to strike, a person, a drum etc. ; to cudgel,

to drub, also r(liiri- fsoy-pa (Sch.-Ofsob-pa?);

to beat with a hammer, to hammer, Icagt-,

rdun-du rvti-ba malleable, ductile: to knock.

sgo at a door ;to break to pieces, to smash,

rdo-yis with a stone (the sacrificial vessels)

Glr. ; to beat out, brd-bo buckwheat, with

a stick; hence to beat out with a flail, to

thrash; to pound, to bray: *tt:n-rduH a pestle

/^ bro rditn-lia to dance. yht rdun-

baio bend the bow, v. N-/</. on U;l. ;^4, 11.

i'diiii-inkn a fighter, bully; of horses:

~; also for to fetch, to go for, if tho objectiii of l\ sAcred chllrtl.cter, e.g. rcliCf;; 'P!j(m

ma ClrfUII-p«r ofIrO-Ixl to go I,Inin"ited C•.- 5. to place before one, to serve up. dishes,lue~ls; to pour out, beer, wine etc., Ced(lnf.,frq.; resJI. with zdl-dlt /'th.; to taste, lo eator drink whllt llliS been offered, reap. W.(cf. m'td<l.pa, fIOl-ba). - 6. to count, tonumber, esp. with "I', or ~,·i-1It.l" separately.OM by one, Gil', .Mil.; to enumerate, 7IIa

drari• ... llre here not enumerated Wd,i.;c. tcrtnin. 10 count lor, to consider, to lookupon as, tlpl-''U as n pArable, l\S DOt uistingMil. - 7. lV. in n geneml sense: to convey,to remoye, ·;;d-~t (l/,'·mo'; dan ~Itn· foodis com'eyed by n spoon, -1!n £'yem dati 1m"snow is removed by n shovel. - 8. further:rka,j (resp. zaw) "drtn-pa to insult, to scoft,to deride Thyy., C. - me odrhl. po theblAZing, flaring of n flume Sel,. - mgo-odrmY. frigo, compo

a?'~%!' I"I~~,.%,. odrin.ma, odda.ma,"'\~-l"'I, ''''~''''1~""'l ....... dl .mlAwrt, me ey, e.g. III

bordeNlistricts a. mixed dio.lect, a mixedreligioD; n mixed colour, e.g. grn)'.

a.~~·=r odrdna-pa - odrhl ·,m, esp. in~ coujunction with PYa/I; apyun.

od,VJ>ia-aam ltoa 3l!l; miodrona-na try whetheryou can invite him (whether he will come);if DOt, tllen ... Mil., olso Mil. fit.

Q,~'=r od,oQg--pa 1. to wince, shrink, quiver,start, from fCluj to shy, of horses;

odrdg.ran shy, skittish, easily frightened lV.2. - odrog.aldii-ba Seh.: 10 lake by surprise, 10 deceive by cunning, to outwilj bi<Jodrog Lu. w.e.

Q,~~"o~rob-s,{yd'i &11.: 'the keeper of~t hght'{?).

5,C: rdmi v. rdan.

5,.::1''1' rddb-]m v. t'fllb.pa.

~~i.::l· rddr·ba '-. Mdr-btl.

EO,r::r I'ddl-ba, pf. and fut. brdal, imp. ,'dol,.'\ I\lso rddl-ba, bddl-ba, I. to spl'!ad,sand, stones, mallure, esp. if done by meRDSof l\ stick, rake, shovel e((>"j to extend Do

.85

canopr i'rJ,.; to cover, rd;ii. - gi !ubt b~mlU, the boUom of ll. pOlld widl !!And D::l.;fig. (lam·&' (wj·mar bddl.fx",la 110'11' '\II'heuholy rcligioll lie" llefore rou I" ir it ",erespre.u out in apillin, i e. WIJell it is aocClJsillle1.0 .11, Mil.; l..'!J"b·rddl or ,~ldl "prt~lI.uiug

far nnd '<I'ide, nll·cmbraeing, ae1>1' ndm-IIIA'f1 ltd-bu, bit-kyi klon, &'·dby""', andthe like; [lron-rddl V. $ull yroti. - 2._·rddl Lu. w.e.; $eh.: slowly, not in a hUrry.S::rr l-aifJ = ytrbyddl 1Idn'!fi roil; l..un Mil.I seems to mcM: nil the utenllils foOdfurniture of n house.

S::n..,~·=r rdifla - pa to beat &A., t1rob. -I -I' rdig-pa.

S::r=r rdilrpa, pr. rdiba, ,·u. n. to rtib-pa,I to fall to pieces, 10 give way, to breakdown, of n roor, rock, tree, the heaven~

- 2. to get dinted, bnttered, like tiD-\'e~sels

by n Mow or knock, C., n~

"'·.:r rdH-/Ja Ct. thistle, Dot genernlly known,:J but )lerh. the SAme AS 1I1a--rc/U.

'''1''1- r,ilig-ptl, Ilf. brduga, fut. brdu.y, 1. to:J conquer, to vanquish(?), HI<·rmmlfkyia lha.'Jna.y(n ((,lr(\ili rditg-par b!Jdf - tethe Na.gas having overcome :Iud \·ll.uquishedthe ASUnlS Stg.; lienee prob. to annihilate,destroy, undo, dff (fib. brdlf!}' - paa AS 1111

rcs,)urces were destro)'ed Pth. - 2. to strikeagainst, to stumble at, C. (cr. filg_pa 11,3);(ogs .,Y1ug (01" brtug)-mid·pa, v. (rlfII- pa,without impediment.

~c.: rduli, a small mound, hillock, [.d.

~c.:::r rdliti-ba, (.If. lm"ln" flit. brdu,;, imp.:J (b)l'duti(.), llbo WiIlC·ba, to beat,to strike, II person, a drum etc.; to cudge~

to dnJb, also rdNJi.,,(IJOIjiJU- (&h. ·oftOb-pa?)jto beat with a hammer, to hammer, lla!1';,-ai.Ii.../" ni,j-/Ja mlllleable, ductile; to knock,ago at n. door; to break to pieces, to smash,rdo-yis with a stoue (tbe sacrificial "eE-scls)Glr.; to beat out, brd-bo buckwheat, witha stickj hence to heat out \\'ith II tbil, tothrash; to pound, to bray; ubi·rdlll' a pestleLd. - bro rditli..w to dance. - rz., rd...•ba to bend the bow, ,'. &hf. 00 DzI.1~, 11.

,r:: rd,i,i·III,l1'1/l a fighter, bully; or hor$(li:'1/1 0 11,

286

rdum-po rdo

a kicker;of oxen, butting. rdun-ytdg Lex.

w.e., prob. a drubbing, a sound thrashing;

rdun-ytag byun T have got a drubbing.

rdum-po Cs. maimed, mutilated, rdvm-

po byed-pa to mutilate, lag-rdum a

maimed hand, rkan-rdum a maimed foot,

rwa-rdum a mutilated horn; having amaimed

hand, foot etc. Mil.

rdul dust, not so much as a deposited

mass, but rather as particles floating

in the air, motes, atoms; thus esp. rdul-

prdn, rdul-prd-mo, rdul-pra-rdb , nyi-zer-

gyi rdul, yet less to express minuteness than

infinite number; atom, in a philosophical

sense, Ku -Krdg

-gi rdul fams-cdd all the

atoms of the procreative fluid Wdn.; monad,

rdul-pra-rab-ca-med, ace. to Was. (279);

rdul Oful, Idan, dust arises DzL; rdul mi

fill-bar (or ma Iddn-bar) byed-pa to lay

the dust Dzl.; sprug-pa, W. *srug-ce*, to

shake off, to beat out;rdul-du rlog-pa (in

this case also fdl-bar rlog-pd) to crush or

pound a thing, until it is reduced to powderLex.

; glan-rdul Cs. : 'a, mote in the dungof an ox' (?), Sch. : '& small particle of cow-

dung.' rdo-rjei rdul diamond-powder (?)

Lex.;sol-bai rdul coal-dust.

Comp. rdul - can dusty.--

rdul-pydgs

dusting-whisk, dusting-brush Sch. rdul-fsub

a whirling cloud of dust. rdul-fsdn col-

oured stone-dust, employed in certain ce-

remonies, for making figures drawn in the

sand more visible Mil. nt. i\dul-fzdn a

blouse (?), travelling-cloak against the dust,

Wdk. fol. 144 a Lha wears such a garment.

rdul-po, prob. erron. for rtul-po Dzl.

% 2.

*

rde in compounds for rdeu.

rde-ba-da-ru Wdn., tibetanized

from ^^TT% cedar.

* ^%()-W Pf- (V>rdegs,i\ti. brdey,

imp. (b)rdeg(s), to beat, strike,

smite, c. accus., or (less corr.) c. dat., chiefly

in B., rdeg-cin spy6d-pa, verberando con-

cumbere, to compel a wife by blows to

fulfil the conjugal duty Thgy.\ me- Ion- la

brdeg-cin beating the looking-glass in anger

Glr.; rdeg- fs6g-gi sdug-bsndl the ill-fortune

of getting a beating Thgy.-, to push, thrust,

knock, kick, pul-rdeg a blow with the fist,

byed-pa to give one M^L', rdeg-cos Lex. w.e.,

Sch. a dance; rdeg-cos -pa to dance, so

perh. Thgy., if brdog-cos-pa is not a better

reading, glo-rdeg(-tu)=

glo-biir-du, sud-

denly.

T rdeb-pa, sometimes for sdeb-pa.

rdeb(s)-pa, prob. the original

form, but of rare occurrence, for

rddb-pa, pf. brdabs, fut. brdab, 1. to throw

down with a clap, to clap the coat-tail on

the ground Glr.;

with a clashing sound,

a potsherd Tar.;

to fling or knock down, a

person Mil.;lus sd-la to prostrate one's self,

very frq. ;rtas (to be thrown) by the horse

Sch.;

*/, ddb-pa* 1 . C. to fall upon one's

face. 2. W. to smack with the tongue, also

of the snapping of a spring, of the clappingdown of a lid or the cover of a book; *kd-

Ipags deb-pa* W. to smack with the lips

(in eating).- - 2. to throw to and fro, to

toss about, mgo-bo rdebs-sin Qdre-ldog-pa to

turn one's head this way and that way Pth.

- 3. to stumble Sch., so perh.L*. fol. 196, 6;

cal rddb-pa Lex., rddb-cal-ba Sch. to slip

and stumble. 4. to kill, to slaughter Bal.

5. *deb-sog se'-pa, tdn-wa* C., *ur deb

tdn-ce* W., to talk big, to exaggerate.

rdeu, rde, rdel-po, dimin.

of rdo, 1. a little stone,

pebble, rdeu bskur-ba bzin like a little stone

thrown on the ground Glr. 2. the stone.

calculus, in the bladder or the kidneys, po-rde calculus in males, mo-rde in females;

rdeu cdgs-pa the concrescence of a calculus,

rdeu ^don-pa the removing it Cs. rdel-

dkdr a white pebble, rdel-Krd a coloured

pebble Cs. rde-^grdm ('the spreading of

little- stones') the counting with pebbles Cs.

rde-yzdl a pavement of pebbles. 3. a

musket-ball C., rdeu-pdr a bullet-mould; a

bullet-founder C.

"Sfrdo B., C., rdo-ba in W. the usual form,

' in more recent lit. frq., 1. stone. 2.

weight, for weighing things by a balance,

js-v

a kicker; of OIen, butting. - "dw'-fla9 U'&.w.e., prob. l\ drubbing, a sound thrashing;"dun-flag byuil. 1 have got ll. drubbiog.~~':crmum-po lA. maimed, mutilated, rdum....., po by~ to mutilate, lag-rdum amaimed huod, rkail-rdum a maimed foot,rteQ·rdumamutilated bom; havingamaimedhund, foot etc. Mil.~Cl..l' raul dUst, Dot so much as a deposited~ mass, but cather os particles floatingin the air, motes, atoms; thus esp. roulpan, rdul.prd-1fUJ, rdul-ftra-rdb, lIyi.z!r!1!P rdul, yet less to express minuteness thllDinfinite Dumber; atom, in n phiiosorlJicalsense, 1.iJ. -l&dg - gi rdul tams-cad all tileatoms of the procreative t1uid lVdli.; monad,rdul.pTa.rab-ca-med, ace. to IVa", (279);rdulotld, ldali, dust arises D::l.; Mul mitUNJar (or fila !dan-bar) byM-pa to In)'the dust D::l.; sprltg-pa, lV. -jl'vg-ci", toshake off, to bent out; rdul-du rldfrpa (intbis case also ((U·OOr "z(,g-pa) to crush orpound a thiog, uotil it is reduced w powderLu:.; glan-rdUl C8.: 'a mote in the duogof aD ox' (7), &11.: 'a small particle of cowdung.' - '/'dQ-r)d rdul dinmood.powder(?)La.; 8dl./Jai rdul coal-dust.

Compo rdul - Can dUSty. - rdul· PYr1g8dusting-whisk, dusting-brush Sell. - rdUl-(8uha whirling cloud of dust. - rdul-Mn coloured stone.dus~ employed io certain ceremooies, for making fiR'ures drawn io thesand more visible Mil. nt. - r;dul·rzdn ablouse(?), tmvelliog-cloak agaiostthe dUSI,Wdk. {Ql. 144 a Lha wears such a garmeot.':~'q:" rdul-jJQ, prob. elT()o. for rtfd-po D::J.~ ?~,2.

~. rck io coropouods for ,.tku.

E·.:::r=\;~' rde-ba-da-ru IVd,i., tibetani1.ed-I from ~, cedar.

':'!("l)'or 'dlg(.)-pa, pf,('lnkg.,f'l ',"'g,1 imp. (b)rdeg(,), to beat, strike,smile, c. acouS., or (less COlT.) c. dat., cbieflyin B., f'dig-ciil gpyM-pa, verberando cooeumbere, to compel a wife by blows tofulfil the conjugal duty Thgy.; mi·loli-la.brdig-i:Ui ~ting the lookiog.g~i~ anger

Gb·.; rdlg·ofldg.gi Mug-b,lidl tbc ill·fortulleof getting a beating Th!1!J.; to push, thMt,knock, kick, TJul-rdeg n. blow with the fiSI,byM-pa togi\'e one .11111.; meg.~ Lu. w.e.,Selt. a d,ltIce; rdeg - M8 - pa to dance, sollerh. Tl'!!!I" if brdog-~-pa is not u. betterreading, glo-rditj(-tu) - glo.bUr-du, suddenly.,~.:::r'r tY1Jb-pa, sometimes for uUb-pa.

~.::f(~rr.r rdeb(8) - pa, prob. the originali form, but of rare occurrence, forrddb-pa, pf. brdabB, fut. brdah, 1. 10 throwdown with a clap, to clap the coat·tail onthe ground Gir.; witb a c1ushiog sonnd,a potsherd 1'ar.; to fling or knock down, aperson Mil.; lU3 ad-w to prostrate one's sell,ver}' frq.; rtas-(to be thrown} by tbe horse&It.; -fa ddb-pa- I. C. to fall upon one'slace. 2. lV. 10 smack with the tongue, alsoof the snapping of a spring, of the clappingdown of a lid or the cover of a book; -kdipaga deb- pa- tv. to smack with the lips(in ellting). - 2. to Ihrow to and fro, totoss about, 1IlgQ..!.Jo rdibNiil odre-ldogftJ toturn one's head this way and that way PI".- 3. to stumble Seh., so perh. Lt. fo1. 196, 6;cal rdUb-pa uoX., rddb-cal-ba &It. to slipand stumble. - 4. to kill, to slaughter flal.- 5. -ddNOgJi'-pa, tdn-tea- G., -ur debtdii-ce- iV., 10 talk big, to exaggerate.

~a.' ~. Earq:" rdeu., rck, rdJl-po, dimin.~, '1' of rdo, 1. a littlo stone,

pebble, rdeu bJcUr-ba bZin like a little stonethrown on the grollnd Gir. - 2. the stone,ealculus, in the bladder or ~he kidDeys, po.rdt calculus in males, mo-rdi in females;rdeu.ldfP-pa the concrescence of a calculus,rcku ~d(j~pa tbe remo\'ing it Cs. - reill·dkdr a white relJble, rdel-I!rd a colouredpebble as. - rde-ofJrdm ('the spreading oflittle-stones') the couliliog wilh pebbles Ca.- rde-j'Zdl a pavement of pebbles. - 3. amusket-ball C., rdeu-pdr n bullet-mould i abullet-fouoder C.~ rdo n., C., rd6-ba in Jv. the usual form,

in more receot lit. Irq., 1. stone. - 2..weiQh4.. Iqr weighing things by (L balance,

287

rdo

col.; rdoi of stone, rdoi tub -pa a stone

Buddhn Gli'.\ rdo xkyt'd-pa, sy -6a, to

carry or drag stones to a place; *do-bdg

c6g-pa* C. a ceremony observed in makinga contract, by breaking a stone and usingthe fractured side as a seal, cf. mdzug-f/u

Olud-pa ;rdo-bcdl btin-ba Sch. : 'stones ar-

ranged according to their species'; *do-vub-

la tdn-ce, do-rub tdii-te sdd-ce* W. to pelt,

beat, or kill with stones, to stone; rdo rus

tug to the last extremity Sch.; dnul-rdoa stone containing silver, silver-ore Lex.',

sprin-rdo a sort of marble 6s.; sbrd-rdo

Sch., (perh. spra-rdo?) asbestus; m6-rdo

fire-stone, flint; rman-rdo foundation-stone;zur-rdo corner-stone; yser-rdo a stone con-

taining gold, gold-ore Cs.

Comp. rdo-kldd a stone resembling a

sheep's brain, and used as a remedy for

diseases of the brain S.g. rdo dkdr Cs.

a -white stone; Sch. alabaster. rdo-skrdn

a kind of steatite or soap-stone. rdo-

Kd a vein in a stone. rdo-kog a stone

pot. rdo-mfcn's gall-stone (?) S.g. rdo-

rgyud various kinds of soft stone, as ser-

pentine, soap-stone, chalk. rdo-rgyusS.ffJ *do-cdg* C. oath taken in the above

mentioned ceremony. rdo-cdl Sik. = rdo-

yzdl.-- rdo-cdr a shower of stones; hail

Schr. --rdo-jtdn, W. *dom-cdn*, a stone

of such a size as may be grasped by the

hand. rdo-mnyen Cs. = ka-ma-ru a soft

kind of stone, alabaster. rdo-snyin jasperSch. - - rdo-fdl Cs. stone - ashes

, calcined

stone; Sch. quicklime, Schf. Tar. 103,14:

chalk; rdo-fdl byugs-pa to rough -cast, to

plaster. rdo-dreg S.g. ? Sch. dirt on stones.

rdo-snum rock-oil, petroleum Schr. *do-

pd* W. stone-dust, small pjirticles or grainsof stone. -- rdo bun-ba a shining black

stone 6s. rdo-bos (perh. do-bos) a large

hammer, mallet LL --do- dbyug a sling-

stone S.g.--

rdo-Jbum a sacred heap oi

stones, a mani. -- rdo-sbom large, lic;i\y

stones Sch. rdo-rtsig stone-wall rdo-

fsdd (= ydm-bu, rta-rmig-ma Cs.) a bar of

silver-bullion, of about 156 i tolas (4 pounds)in weight, the common medium of barter

in Central Asia. rdo-zun Lt. -brag-

zun bitumen, mineral pitch (?) rdo-M lime,

both quick lime and slaked lime C. rdo-

yzdl a stone-pavement -rdo-yzog* a rut

or wrought stone Cs. rdo-zdm a stone-

bridge; a rock-bridge, natural bridge formed

by overhanging rocks. rdo-rin() a stone

pillar, obelisk, as a land-mark, monument,or an ornament of buildings Glr. rdo-

ril a globular stone l*tk. rdo-Ub a stone

slab to sit upon; or to write on etc. -

rdo - sran a stone weight Cs. rdo - grin

Glr. 50, 10, evidently a corruption of dar-

snn.

rd6-rje, gen. *d6r-$e* W. *dor z

(Zam. also ^TO) 1. precious, stone.

jewel, esp. diamond, more precisely: rd6-

rje pa-ldm-, rdo-rjei ytun a knocker madeof precious stones Dzl.

; rdd -ryei sku an

adamantine body Pth.; rdo-iyei t&e an ada-

mantine life Glr.', zag-med~rdo-r)e-lta-buifse-la mna bmyed-pas Pth. as much as im-

mortality; rdo-rjei )im-pa, or rin-po-cei

jim-paGlr. mortar composed of pulverized

precious stones and water, and considered

a cement of marvelous properties. 2.

thunderbolt, originally the weapon of Indra,with the northern Buddhists the ritual

sceptre of the priests (v. Kopp. II, 271;Was. 193), held by them during their

prayers in their hands and moved about

in various directions; symbol of hardness

and durability, also of power; source of

many phantastic ideas and practices; frq.

forming part of names. 3. euphem. for

po-^rtdgs C.

Comp. rdo-rje-glin seems to be the po-

pular spelling of the Sanitarium in British

Sikkim, which by the English generally is

written Darjeeling. (Here Csoma died, and

Dr Hooker staid here for some time.) Ace.

to several titles of books in the Petersb. listof

manuscripts, it ought properly to be spelled

(iar-rgyas-gliri. rdo-rje-rgya-grdm v. rgya

comp. rdo-rje-ycocl-pa, qq^f^qn. title

of a religious book most extensively used

among Buddhists; Was. (145),t*/ii. I, 465.

-rdo-r)e- cdn,

eol.; nlQi of stone, 1"(1oi (ub-pa a stoneBuddha Gi,'.; ,.do al'!Jbl. pa, "!I,i - ba, tocarr)' or drflg stones to a place; "do.&igcOg-pa" C. " ceremony observed in IlIl\king• cootrllCt, by breaking 11 stone and usingthe fmclured side as II. seal, cf. '1IId::ilg-fJu.fud-pa; rdb-~dl btin-ha &11.: 'sumes Dr

rnnged according to tllcir species'; "d!H-ubla tali-Ct, do-nih tdli·te .dd-ce" IV. to pelt,beRt, or kill wi~h stones, to stone; roo rltS

(ug to the Il\St eXlrl.'mi~y &4.; diiHl.n1o1\ stone containing silver, silver-ore Lu.;8prin-rdo "' sort of ml\rble c,.; .fwd _rOO&h., (perh. 8pra-rOO1) nsbestus; mj-rdolire"'Stonc, Bint; ''11wli-rdo foundation-stone;::ur-nJo corner--stone; f3b-rdo Il stone con_taining gold, gold-ore C•.

Compo rdo-Iddd a stone rescmbling asheep's brain, and used I\S A remedy fordiseases of the bf"ll,in 8.g. - nlo dkdr Ca.a white stODC; &h. alabaster. _ rdo-tkrdna. kind of steatite or soap-stone. _ mofd A "ein in 1\ stone. - 1Y10-tdg " stonepol- rdo-mliri. gnll-stone (?) S.g. - rdorgyud various kinds of sof~ stoOl.', tI.S serpentine, soap -stone, chalk. - rdo· "9yU88.g.' "oo-cdg" C. OAth taken in the abovementioned ceremony. - nUJ-cdl Sik. _ nloJ'zdl. - '-do-cdr a. shower of stone~; hailSenr. - rdo-ocdJi, JIl: "dorn·ca",,,, a. stoneof such l\ size as may be graspcd by thehand. - rdo-mnyen C8. _ ka-ma-ru a. softkind of swne, nll\bl1Ster. - rdiJ-myiic jl\sper&11. - rdo-(dl c,. stone,. I1Shl.'s, calcinedstone; &11. quicklime, &hf. Tal'. 103, J4:chalk; Too-(d[ byiig••pa to rough - cast, toplaster. - rdo-drtg S.9.1 &n. dirt on SlnnNI.-rdo-fl,eim rock-oil, pelroleum &hT. - "doJM" W: Slone-dust, sml\ll purlicles or gn'insof stone. - roo bUii - ba a. shining blackstone c.. - rdd-bos (perh. do-&M) a largehammer, mallet 1...1. - do - dh!jUg a slingstone S'9' - rdo -.bulIl a sl\Cred hcap otstonC$, a mani. - rdo-Wdm large, bea,'}"stones Seh. - rdo-rt#g stoue·wlill - rtlo(8dd (= yam_bu, ,·ta.,.,ni[l-'ftla a..) a bar ofsilver-bullion, of about 1561 tolas (4. pounds)iu weight, the commou med)nm ~f ~rter

287~• •<M-.j.

in Central A,i... - roo-hill Lt. • bra$.:WII bitumen, mineral pilch (?) - nlo-M lime,both quick lime and slaked lime G. - rJo..rMl a stone·pavemenl - nlo-J':dfJ- • rutor wrought stone C•. - rdt>-ztim • ~v)Ue

hridge; a rock-bridge, n.tural bridge formedby overhanging rock!. - rdt>-n·it{.) • lotoneIIi liar, obelisk, ., a land.wllr-k, monument,or rIO oml\mf'nt of building~ Gir. _ roo1'it 1I fotiobulllr stone Pt". - rdo-Ub a Slone

slab to .sit upon; or to write on etc. rtlo - ",.ali a stone weight c.. - rdo _trinGl,·. 50, to, el'idl'ntly a corruption of Jar,,'in.~~. ro6-r)t, gen. "ddr-jt" IV: "dOr.W', lR.

(Zarn. also w:l1I) 1. precious, slone,jewel, esp. diamond, more p~iscly: rdJ."t fm·WlIl; rdo-rjei rtun II. knocker madeof precious stones D::L; rdd _rjei al"U aundamantine body Ptll.; rdO-1:)ei {U AD adamantine lite Glr.; zog-'lll«I-nM-rp-lta..bui(u·la 'llIia brnytd-pat PtA. as llIuch All immortality; rdd-rjei Jim.pa, or rin-po-lri~jlll-paGlr. mortar composed of puh'crizedprecious SIODes and water, And considereda eement of marvelous properties. _ 2.thunderbolt, originally the weapon of Indra,with tbe oorthern Buddhists tlie ritualsceplre of the priests (v. Kiipp. U, 271;Wa•. J93), held by them during theirprayers in their ha.nd, nod moved "boutin \'arious directions; s)'mllol of IJarduC$1'IUd durability, 1\1'0 of power; !SOurce ofmally phnntnslic ideas I\nd practices; f"l.formiag part of nl\mes. - :1. cUlJllem. forpo..rtaf/' C.

Compo rdo-rjt--glili seems to be the 1'0pull\r spelling of the Sanitarium iu BritishSikkim, "hich b)' the English generally iswritt<>n DnrjeeliDg. (Bere Csoma (lied, andDr Hooker staid here for sowe liule.) Ace..to severlll titlcs of books in the relen;.b.li~tof

m"ouscripts, it ought I,r0l'crly I') be tlpelJrodal'-I'!I!I<u-gliil. - rclo-4j~ya~rdHt Y. rgyaCOUIp. - rdo-rjt-J'Md-pa, .. itl.r<Ci., titleof a religious book mO&~ exten$ivel}" u~damougBuddbi:.ts; Wa,. (I4.S),n"l'H.l, "'60S.r r,jg7.!:l'·ocdJi, ..itlq.f4{, leu frq. "d:i",

288

rdo-ra

^T, also Idg-na, or pydg-na-rdo-r)e, and

abbreviated lag-, or pyag-rdor, holder of

the sceptre, originally the Indra of the

Brahmans; in Buddhism, in the first place,the Dhyani Bodhisatva of the DhyaniBuddha Aksobhya, and secondly a terri-

fying deity, the guardian of the mysticaldoctrine ( Was. frq.), hence confounded with

the cos-skyon-bzi, as well as with ku-be-ra,

prince of the ynod-sbyin, and special deityof Milaraspa; v. Kopp. and Schl. rdo-

rje-fddn, ^TCTf, prop- the diamond seat

or throne of Buddha at Gaya, Kopp. I, 93,

and hence also proper name applied to that

town, frq. rdo-r)e-pa-ldm diamond v.

above. rdo-rje-pdy-mo, or

s. 1 36) 'diamond-sow', a goddessof later Buddhism, frq. worshipped (also

in Lh., where she has a sanctuary at Mar-kula near Triloknath), and incarnated as

abbess in a nunnery, situated on an island

of the lake Pal-te, v. Georgi Alph. Tib.,

Wts. 135. --rdo-r}e-piir-pa Glr, an in-

strument the upper part of which is a dorje

and the lower a purpa. rdo-rje-legs-pa,

abbrev. *dor -lag*, a local deity in Lh.,

originally an honest village black-smith. -

rdo-rje-sems-dpa, ^J'snq-. gen. =rdo-rje-

Ocdn (Was. 188), sometimes differing from

it, v. Schl. p. 50; also = mi-skyod-pa, Ak-

sobhya; also mi -skyon

-rdo-rje Glr. Re-

specting the word rdo-rje cf. Burn. I, 526.

rdo-ra, or rto-ra circle of dancers W.

'"'dog C. root, *dog dhan 16 -ma* root

and leaves; *lab-dog* radish-root; yetcf. rdog-po.

rdog-pa step, footstep; kick, rdog-pa

Jb6r-ba to step, to pace, to walk Cs.;

rdog-sgra the sound of steps, the clattering

of hoofs; rdog-stdn a straw-mat for clean-

ing one's shoes C.; rdog-pai ^og-tu Ojug-paDzl. ?\S?, 13 (Ms. ;

Sch. : rdog-pai zdbs-su?)

to prostrate, to throw under one's feet; rdog-

pas rdun-ba Sch., Opul-ba Sch., snon-pa,

mndn-pa Sch., rdog-pid rgydb-pa Pth., *dog-fo pul-wa* C

1

.,

*

'dog-con gyab-ce* W.io strike

with the foot, to apply a good kick, to stamp

gT"

Ida...

the ground; rdog-bstdd byed-pa prob. id.;

prop, to load, to pack on(?,).

rdog-po (Cs. also rdog-ma), a grain

of corn, sand, sugar; a drop of rain

Glr.;sran rdog bdun seven peas ; Qp

e

ren-rdogthe bead of a rosary, which often consists of

grains of seed; a piece, rdog-ycig (how manyturnips do you want?) one C.

"J" rdons-pa v. sddns-pa.

j?&f*cfiC^" rdom-cdn v. rdo-mcdn.

rdor 1. in compound words for rdo-

rje. 2. n. of a monastery in Tibet

Cs. Chronolog. Table 1223 p. C. - - 3. ^sdor Cs.

'^I" rdol-pa a cobbler Cs., prob. =ydol-pa.

rdol-ba, pf. and fut. brdol, vb. n. to

rtdl-ba, 1. to come out, to break forth

from, to gush forth, to issue from, of a well

of water (issuing from) Pth.;

to come up,

to sprout, to shoot, of seed; *o ma doP W.the teeth are not yet cutting ;

K6>i - nas

rdol-bai glu a song streaming forth fromwithin Mil.' mi-nad rdol-zin diseases break-

ing out among men Mil.;

to flow or run

Off, of the water of a lake; klon rdol-ba

to come forth, to proceed from the middle

or the midst of Glr. (the meaning of this

passage is not quite clear); rdol-yzer an

instrument for boring metals Sch. 2. of

vessels: to leak, to be not tight, to have holes,

snod zabs-brdol a vessel with a leaky bottom

Thgy.; also of shoes, covers, tent-cloth etc.

not being watertight; to break, to burst, of

ulcers, wounds; glo-rdol Med. v. glo-ba;

rdol-ynydn Sch.: 'fistula; gonorrhea1

.

3. to rave, to delirate; to be sleep-walking,

lunatic, also bla rddl(smrd)-ba Lex,, where

it is explained by bob-col; ynyid-rdol, mig-rdol C. id.

rdos-pa 1. sbst., Cs. ydos; lus rdos-

ce Lex. w.e. 2. vb. n. Sch. : 'to

break, burst, flow out, dbii-ba, or lbu-ba the

bursting of a bubble'.

oy Ida . . . Ld. frq. for kla . . ., gla . ..,

^ zla . ,

288

-1:f'.:, ""Iso ldg-1ta, or P!Jdg-fla.-Tdo-"e, Andabbre\'iatcd 16th or }iyag-rdQr, bolder ofthe Ktptrt, originally the IDd", of thoBrnh:m4D8; in Buddhism, in lhe firat pl~.tbe Dhyw Bodbisnh'a of the Oh)..niBllddba Abobbya, and secondly .. tttri(ying alit)" the guardian of the mrstica1doctrine (Waf. frq.),heoeuonfoWlded ' iththe &.-J:yoJi-b=i, as well /Iii with hr. m.prince of the r-f.-JJyin, and special deityof Mil.rasp; \'. KQpp, and &IJ.. _ rdb-

tjc-,oon, q"ltt.,. pro!",_ the diamond lK'at

or throne of Buddha at GayI', KOpp. I, 93,and lIenee alllO Prol\CI" mune npplif"d to thattown, frq. - rrJo-r)e-po..ltim diamond v.above. - 1yJo-T)e-l~d!J-'/1U), t14",14,lr, or~(1V~. 136)'dillmona-sow', agoddeseof IlIter Buddhism, frq. worshipped (alsoin 1..11., where she has a sanctuary at Markula. nent l'rilokmuh), and incarnated 1\8

abbess in n nunnery, sitonted on an islandof the lako Pal-te, v. Georgi ~lpJl. '1'i/).,Wu. 135, - rdo-rje-pwr-pa GIl'. an in

sLrument die upper I'lin of which is IL doljeIlnd the 10\ll'er .. purpn. - rr».rje-ll-gl-pa,ILbbre'" Odor _ Id!f, IL local deity in [..A.,originall)' an honest yiUn.ge black-8Jnith. ...oo..r)e-anm.dpa, lA(~. gen. _rdo_,;t-~ldf,. (lVlU. 188). 6Omeliroes differing fromit, T. StAJ. I'. 50; also - ",j-llyOd-pa, Aksobh}'a; also ttli -up - rrM-r~ Gir. Hespecting the "'on! rdo-rje cr. BIf"", I, 516.

{.:;' nlo-ra, or rUl-rl1 circle 01 dancers W:

rar rdog C. root,. -dog aha'; M-lIlo.o root"\'j and loo\'es; °lab-dotf radish-rooL; yetcf. rddfJ-po.

~..q rddg-fa step, footstep; kick, rd6g-pay .Wr-ba 10 step, to pace, to walk C•. ;,'(/~!?o. the sounu of steps. the clatteringof hoofs; ,-doy~tlln a straw-roal for clennjng one's shoes C.; rcMg_pai ~dg-tlt ,Jug-po.D::l. ?S1, 13 (M•. ; &A.: rWlft-pai MbNIf1)to prostrate, to throw under one's feet; rddfJpall rdliti-ba Stlt., .jwl-ba &!., .n6n - pa,lIlndlt-pa St!., rdog-pid 'Y!Jdlrpo. PrA., -dog(0 ~i.l£a- C., -dog_'ttJ,j!l~ W:tostrikewidl die foot, to apply a good kiek, to ..Lamp

"'... ,,-"\ ........

tbe ground; ~dd byid-po. prob. id.:prop. to load, to pack on(?}.

~.<f .-.Mg-po (C.. oIM rodg-ma), a.".of com, sand, sugar; a drop of rain

Gir.; "all rrJog WIlIt :.eyen peas; _rJrtit-rdogthe bead of a rot'lLry, which oft,u consists ofRrains of seed; a piece, rdng-rH9 (how m.a.nytunlips do you ...'ant?) ODe c:~~'.:.r nloils-pa " . .Joils-pa.

~~. rdom-ldit v. rd9-trlldti.

~. n:lor 1. in compound words for rd6I r)e. - 2. n. of a DlOnllstery in Tibet(A. Chronolog. Table 1228 II. C. - 3.-=«<:/01' (.,.

~·tr Nol-po. a cobbler c.., prob. -l'dOl-pu.

~,..p:r rdOl-bo., pf. nnd fut. brdol, vb. n. tortdl-ba, 1. to come out, to break forth

from, to gush forth, to iSlue from, of a wellof water (issuing from) l-'th.; to come up,to sprout, to shoot, of seed; .'0 ma dor IV.the teeth :Ire not yet cuu.ing; l'o. _,uurdOl-lJai gi/l. 11 song streaming fonh from..ntbin Mil.; mi-7kld rdOl-fjli diteaSe5 breaking out among men Mil.; 10 flow or I1IQ

oft, of the w:!.ter of • lake; !loIi rdOl-bato come forth, to proceed from. the middleor the mid"t of GIl'. (the meaning of thiipa..~e is nllt quite clear); rdol-yzh Ininstrument for boring metals &4. - 2. of"es~els: to leak, to IHl not tight, 10 have he'",nod UWt.-brd61. vesM:1 v,ith l\ leaky bottomThg!l.; also of Sh0C9, coven, tenl~lolb etc.not being watertight; to break, to bunt, ofulcers, wounds; g(J)..r<!d Med. \'. gU - 00;,Ylol- rn!lrln $cit.: 'fi.st.tlll\; gonorrhea'. 3. to rave, 10 delirate; 10 be sleep-Walking,IUl\8tic, also bla l-ddl(8mrti}ba Lu" whereit is explained h)· bab-M/,; ; ngid-rdol, migrdOl C. id.

~~tr ,Ylo.-pa 1. sbst., 0:. -. fda.; 1118 rdoI-U Lu. w.e. - 2. vb. n. SM.: 'to

break, burst, flow out, dbil-ha, or lbil-ba tbebursting of II bubble'.,.,. .• ida .•. Ld. frq. for Ida •.., gio. ...,"> d& ...

ldd-gu lddn-pa

Idd-gu discourse, speech, conversation;

W.: *ldd-gu tdii-cf* to speak; *ldd-

gu $e-ce meet* one cannot understand what

i- spoken or said; Idd-gu-can talkative Ot,

Ida-man, l.</.-(r/r. <//to->ndn. acouple

of small kettle - drums, one bangingin front, the other behind, the latter beingbeaten by a second person that follows the

bearer.

M'-/</'' a kind f ornament of silk or

cotton, a fringe or tassel, ddr-gyi, rin-

po-cei, esp. worn in sacrificing, Lea;.

Iddg-pa, pf. bldays, fut. bldag, imp.

Idog, to lick, Krag blood;klad Iddg-

pa the brain being licked up, a punish-ment of hell Ttyy. ; nd-bza-la, or -nas to

lick a person's coat Mil.; *ldag-ldog* W.

pe-srul, lit. 'a lick', i.e. a pap prepared

ofrtsdm-pa and can, licked from the fingers,

or eaten with a spoon.* Idan 1. v. Iddn-ba. 2. for ydaii stand,

frame, trestle. -- 3 . W. *Uan-lddn-la

kur* carry it lengthways! opp. to pred',

*ldan-lddn-la dad - ce* to rock with one's

chair.

Iddn-mgo the yarn-beam of a loom

Sch.

^^ " sy ~ s^a ' ^s^' ^T^T> Fouc.

Gyatch. 3vS>C; if the text is cor-

rect, it would seem preferable to connect

ri-dags with Iddh-sgo-ska, and to render

it: 'the animal Sarabha', a fabulous eight-

footed creature of the snowy mountains.

Iddn-ba, pf. Idans or laiis, imp. Idon,

1. vb. n. to sldn-ba, to rise, to get

up (cf. the more frq. secondary form Idn-

ba), O gyel-ba-las from a fall Wdh.\ nyal-

ias from a lying position Lex.; stdn-las

from a seat; fo-rdns in the morning Lt;

rio-mi-$es-pa-la before, or in presence of

a stranger; also used of the bristling of

the hair, Lt., of the rising of vapours, per-

fumes, dust, of a wind springing up; to

extend, to spread, dri nan -pa pyogs bear

Idaii an offensive smell is spreading in

every quarter Tar.; Kinigs-pa dbus-nas the

rebellion (spread) from the province of U,

Ma.; to break out, me-ro Idan the smoth-

ered flame breaks out again; in a specialsense of morbid matter that has accumu-

lated (ysdg^pa) Med. frq., e.g. Ka-zd* :><-

nas Idan during digestion the symptomsbreak out anew; dgrd-ru Iddn-ba to show

one's self an enemy, to break out into hosti-

lities frq.; to arise, originate, break out, ofdis-

ease, despair, Mil.: also for: to have risen,

to stand, but only in certain combinations,Idan dub bytd-pa tired from having been

standing (so long) Lt. 2. W. to suffice,

to be sufficient, enough (cf. lon-ba) Jtytd-

pa, of food, clothes, money; hence Idan:

complete, perfect, entire, whole, *ro* ndh-ka

rdg-ma gos Idan cig* cotton cloth with lining

(sufficient) for a whole dress; *du-gu go*

Idan nyis* woolen yarn for two completedresses. Idan prob. signifies also quite

through, cf. Itan II.; Idan-fsdd occurs in

medical works, and in many cases seems

to imply quantity; neu - Man Lex. = na-

mnydm of the same age (Sch. not corr.).

Iddd-pa 1. vb. pf. and fut. bldad,

imp. Idod, to chew Zam., W.' skyug-

Iddd Cs., v. skyug bldeg- bin ldad-pa(?)

Sch. to chew the cud, to ruminate; log Cs.

1. id., 2. rumination, deliberate reflection;

Pur.: *spd Idad-cas* to taste, to try; Ld.:*di Idad - ce* to smell at. - - 2. Ld, for

glad-pa

lddn-pa I. sbst, also mddn-pa Lex.,

cheek, Iddn(-pai) so cheek-tooth,

molar tooth; Idan-lcdg Cs. a blow on the

cheek, a box on the ear; *dfn-bo<p C.

id. ;*mi dM-la den -

tsog gyag (or ffyaV)

son}mi dhe den-tsog-ghi mdn-po dun son*

his ears have been soundly boxed; met&ph.

grog- Idan the cheek or side of a ravine

Mil. nt.

II. vb. and adj. 1. originally: to be

near to, hard by, a thing, Guxta), hence

W. *lddn-la, 1ddn-du*, adv. and postp.,

near to, by, *ne Iddn-la, dug* sit down by

my side; *ttn-gi Iddn-du* close by the

tree; *nai Iddn-du log* come near to me!*gam -mi Iddn-du* near the box; *fstr-

mdn-ni loan -la dul-ce* to go along the

side of a hedge. 2. in B. and C. only

19

~. Ida-[Jl' discourse, speech, conversation;...., w': -idd-fIU tari-a" to speak; -Ida

!/14 U.CI m«l'" one ClUlliot undcrstnnd Wllfttis spokrn or said; ldd-gu-con talkative u.I':,•.;:j~ lda-man, l.A.-at.-. dna-man, a couple(; of small kettle - drums, one bnngingin front, thc otber behind, the Il\.tW beingbeaten by l\ second person tllnt follows thebearer. .~,.~. ida-idi l\ kind of ornament of silk or

cotton, a fringe or tasser, ddr-gyi, rinpo-'&i, e~p. worn in sacrificing, Lu.,(;'='f'i' ld4g-pa, pf. bMag', fut. bldag, imp.

ldog, to lick, frog blood; Had ldagpa the brnin being licked up, a punishment of !Jell Tll!JiJ.; lla-b:::a-la, or -nu, tolick 11. person's COM Mil.; -ldug- ~- lV..., pNMJ.l, lit. 'a lick', i.e. a. pap preparedof"udnl-pa und cUIi, licked from the fingers,or enten with 0. spoon.~~. Idati 1. Y. Iddri-ba. - 2. for fdun stand,

Irame, trestle. - 3. JY. -ldati-lddri-lahr- cnrry it lengthwaysl opp. to ped;-ldari-lddli-kI ddd - c? to rock with one'schoir.~'C:.'.;:j=tf kld,i-mf/O the yam-beam of a loom

Sen.

~~'if~f lda,l - 'f}(J - ,ka. &k.~, Foue...... Gyateh. ~..s.L; if the tcU is corred, it would seem preferable to connect"-da!!, with Iddli-,so-3ka, lind to renderit: 'the nnimal Snrabhn', a fabulous eightfooted creature of the snowy mountains.~~.~. kld,i-lia, pf.Ida~ or Ian., imp. ld4Ii,

I. vb. n. t.o ,ldli-ba, to rise, to getup (of. the more frq. secondary form wriba), ogyil-lia-la, from llo fall Wdn.; nydlltu from a lying position u~.; .tdn -ltufrom a seUl j (o-rd,.;s in t.be morning Lt j

M ..mi-Je.-pa-la before, or in presence ofa strnngcr; Illso used of the bristliog ofthe hair, Lt., of the rising of vapours, perfumes, dust, of llo '/lind springing uri toextend, 10 spread, dri ndn - pa P!J09' bCurida" an offensh'e' smell is spreading inevery quarter Ta,..; o'rUgt-po dbml-nm thorebellion (spread) from the pro\'inee of 0,Ma.; to bruk out, mJ-ro ida,; the omofb~

289

ered nlUne hreaks out again; in a 'I*ialsense of morbid mailer that has lU:CunlU

lated (f'dg-pa) Mtd. frq., e.g. lcvztU zunlU klati during digostion the wymptomsbred:: out anew; d!!"a-ru lddti-ba to showone's self An enemy, to break out into hostilities frq.; to arise, originaie, break out, ofdiscase, despair, Mil.; Also for: to have risen,to stand, but only in certain eombioations,ldati dlW byid-pa tired from hnYing ~nstanding (so long) Lt. - 2. lV. to suffICe,to be sulficient, enough (d. loil..bo) - _'gidpa, of food, clothes, nloney; hence ldoti:complete, perfect, entire, Whole, -1"1U ndti-Jardg-ma flO' ldati ng- cotton cloth with lining(sufficient) for a whole dress; -<Ju-gu !JOfIda,l 1l~- woolen ylVn for two completedresses. - lda,i prob. signifies also quitethrough, cf. ItOli II.; Idati-(sdd oceun inmedical works, and in mnny cnses seewto imply quanlity; mu .. ldd,i J~~. _ 1Ia

mnydm of the same Age (&h. not corr.).~~-.q ~dd-pa 1. vb. pf~ and fut. bldad,

uup. ldod, to chew Zam., no:; akyvgIddd Ca., v. rJ,.yug blckg-Citi ldad-fXJ(?)&11. to chew the cud, to llUDinate; log U.1. id., 2. rumination, delioorate reOection;Pu,..: -.pd Idad..c(lS- to tAste, to try; Ld.:- ifi ldad - ct- t.o smell nl.. - 2. Ld. forgwd-pat':trt".q kUin-pa 1. sbst., n1so fIIddn-pa u.t.,~-1 cheek, IJdn( _PCII} 10 cheek - tooth,molAr tooth; klan-ltdg Ca. a blow on thocheek, A box on the enrj -alII - tsCfi- C.id.; -mi elM-fa din-taos gyag (or gyab)101i, mi dJu dbH'Og-ghr mdil-po du,; ",Iihis elleS hAVe been soundly boxed; lIletaph.9''09 - kUin the cheek or side of a ravineMil. Pit.

n. vb. Uld adj. 1. originally: to benear 10, hard by, a thing, Ouxta), henceIV, -klan-la, ld.d1l - du-, .dv. and postp.,near to, by, -He ldd1l-1o dllfl sit dOWD b)'

my side; -if'; - g_ lddll - du- e100e by thetrCf.l; -,jai lddn-dll io9- COlDe near to me!-gdm- mi Ida" - dN- nelU' ~be box; -(Nt'

md,j.tii ldd1l-1a 9wl-te- to go along thelidu of l\ hodge. - 2. in D. Uld C. only

l'

290

lddn(-pa)-po

used with reference to possession (penes),

mostly as partic. or adj., and construed like

beds-pa, having, being possessed of, provided

with,= can (which in W. is almost ex-

clusively used in this sense). The objects

may be things of any description, also

physical and mental properties, so that

Iddn-pa differs in this respect from beds-

pa (Tar. 136, 14. 15); nor dan Idem -pa

rich, wealthy; sems-can dan Iddn-pa with

child; bu dan bu - mor - Iddn - pa having

children; rig -pa dan Iddn-pa wise; with

a negative : nor dan mi Iddn - pa ;dan

Idan-par Ogyur-ba to get, to obtain, frq. ;

Iddn-du len-pa Glr. 101, 1 is stated to

mean the same. Poetically, and forming

part of certain expressions and names,

without dan and pa, like can: nor -Iddn,

dga-lddn, Jbyor-lddn. --3. Iddn-pa and

Idan dan Odus-pa seem to imply: mixed,

compound (opp. to rkydn-pa) with regard

to temper and disposition of mind S. g.

4. to add up, sum up, Wdk. -- 5. W.

*gun-ka fsug-pa Idan yin* it will be enough,

it will hold out, till winter -time, prob.

only a corruption of Iddn-ba. -- 6. Pur.

=^grig, regularly, properly, duly, rightly.

lddn(-pa)-po one that has, that

is able, a man of ability Cs.

Iddn-ma n. of a country Ma.

Idan-fsdd equivalent to Odus-fsdd

Mng. 35 (?).

Idab - Idib (skad) Lex. silly talk,

tittle-tattle.

ojq-f|iq-Idab-ldob Lex. w.e., Cs. indolence,

dullness, drowsiness; ace. to others,

a hasty, volatile manner.

lddb-pa, pf. bldabs, fut. bldab, imp.

Idob, 1. Cs. to do again, to repeat;

skydr-lddb Lex., Sch.: repeatedly, anew,

afresh, again; nyis-lddb Lex., Sch.: for the

second time, doubly, twice; *cu-(t)dab de

san cen-mo yod* W. it is ten times as large

as that, yet cf. ltdb-pa', *lddb-ste zer-na*

W. saying it once more, again, in short.

- 2. ? Ld.; *ldab zum-te fcyer* take a

fflSTWV Wr-Wr"> ^\

firm hold of him (or it) with your hand,

and carry him (or it) away!Idam - Iddm Cs.

,Idam -pa , very

idle, slothful.

Idam - Idum Cs.: 'mean, pitiful,

sorry, idle'.

r Idam-ldem Ld. dubious, uncertain,

used of things.

lddr-ba Cs. to be weary, tired, faint,

languid, Idar-lddr-du Ogyur-ba.- Idi-ri-ri (v. Idir-ba) the rolling of

thunder Thgr.'

ldig-pa to fall or sink through Sch.

^in-ba to be swimming, floating, cf.

rkydl-ba, W.: *cdii-nitta-fdg-la pabsIdin dug*, opp. to *fil-la ner or nub'* to

be suspended, floating, soaring (in the air),

yndm-la, ndm-mKa-la; mfcd-ldin v. mKa.

Idiii-Ka v. Itin-Ka.

Idin-Kan a bower formed by the

branches of a tree, the leafy canopyof a dense wood Mil.', sin yyu-lo rgyds-

pai Idin - Kan the wide shady porches of

turkois-leaved trees.

^* ~ c on an officer over fifty,

ace. to others, over a hundred

men, = brgyd-dpon, a sergeant, captain,

distinguished by a copper button on his

cap, Hook. II, 160. 200.; Idin- jg Sch.,

Idin - fso,

the troop under this officer's

command.

ldin-se, or Idin -si Ld., adv. quite,

very, very much, *na Idin - se Teams

zdn-po yod* I am quite well; *na ldin-se

ma Qfdd son* I was very much displeased,

very vexed; perh. also *ldins fdg-pa-nas*for ytin, cf. lins-pa, or perh. in Ld. Idin

is the form for ytin.

Idib -pa 1. vb., pf. bldib, Sch.

ldig-pa. 2. adj. Cs.: not clear,

not intelligible, *Ka-dib* W. stammering,

stuttering; Idib-ldib = Idab-ldib.

^gM-Idim W. the crash of a falling tree,

^ the report of a gun, *ldim zer-ra rag*

1 hear a crack.

n^-n^. Idir-ldir is said to be = *di-ri-

rt v.

290~,,~~: Wir-Wir

used with reference to possession (penes),mostly as partie. or adj., and construed likebMs-pa, h.aving, being possessed of, providedwith, _ can (which in lV. is almost ex~

clusi"ely used in this sense). The objectsmay be things of any description, alsophysical and mental properties, 80 thatlddn-pa differs in this respect from beaspa (Tar. 136,14. 15); nor daii kWn-parich, wealthy; 8em8-ran dan lddn-pa withchild; bu dan bTl _"'lOr -Man - pa havingchildren; rig-jKJ dail lJdn-pa wise; witha negative: 11(»' dali mi ldun-ra; danldan-par <!IyUr-ba to get, to obtain, frq.;Wan-du Un-pa Glr.lOl-, I jg stHted to

mean the same. Poetically, and formingpan of certain expression" and names,without dwi and pa, like can: nor_iddn,dga-lddn, oop-fddll. - 3. lddn-pa I\ndfdan dai/. odus-pa seem to imply: mixed,compound (opp. to rkydri-pa) with regardto temper and disposition of mind S. [I_

- 4. to add up, sum up, lVd!'. - 5. lY.-gim-ka (sUy-pa /dan yin- it will lie enough,it will hold out, tiD winter· time, prob.only l\ corruption of lddri·ba. - 6. 1~1·.

= <!Jrig, regularly, properly, duly, rightly.

r:.~'('J'>'f lJdn(-pa}po one that has, that~ is able, a man of ahility u.~~'5( lddn-ma D. of l\ country Ma.

I':'~'~' ldan-(8dd equivalent to odlu-(wd~ "'big. 35 (?).

I':'.::r'~.:f- /Jab - ldib (skad) LtJ:. silly talk,~ ""\ tittle-tattle.

1':':r?1.::r Wab-lddIJ Le.x. w.c., G. indolence,~ ~ dullness, dmwsiness; acc. to others,a hasty, volatile manner.

1':'.:f''J' lddf>..pa, pc. bIdah3, fut bldab, imp.~ !doh, L C8. to do again, to repeat;skydr.ldrib Lu., &h.: ~peatedly, anew,afresh, again; nyiB-ldrib Lu., Sell.: for tbesecond tim% doubly, twice; -cu-(l)dab tkBan Chl.mo yo((" W. it is ten times as ll\rgetIS that, yet cf. ltdf>..pa; -lddb-slc#zir-nalY. saying it ODce more, again, in short.- 2. ? Ld.: -ldab :lim.!)"Il~ tako tL

firm hold of him (or it) with your hand,and carry him (or it) away!1':'5-l'1':'5-1' ldam-ldam Cs., ldam-pa, ,ery~ ~ idle, slolhful.r:'5-l'I':'5-l' ldam· {dum 0.: 'mean, pitiful,~ :s sorry, idle'.\i!5-l'~5-l' ldam--ldbn Ld. dubious, uncertain,""\ used of thiDA'S.(;!l\q- lddr-ba G. to be weary, tired, faint,'"\ languid, ldm...lddr-du ,.jJ!Jur-ba.~~.~ !di..ri4i (\'. ldir.ba) Ihe roiling of

Ihunder Tllyr.~

~~'J' ldig--pa 10 fall or sink through &h.

~'.::r ldhi-ba 10 be swimming, floating, cf.rk!Jdl-ba, W:: -ld'i-ili !fa-tOg-la pam

ldiil dug'", 0PI" to -til·la ner or nub;- 10be suspended, floating. soaring (in the nir),ynam-la. ndm.mfa-la; m~'d-ldin v. mfla.

~'c:.'F' ldbi-l.!a v. liiio-fla.

~t::lt!C:: kliJi·I.'a;~ a bower formed by the~ I' branches of II< tree, the leafy canopyof n dense wood MiL; iiio fyU·lo TUyd$pai ldin -fail. the wide sbady porches ofturkoig-Ieaved trees.~I:.'~~' ldln - dpt:m an officer over 6.f&)',~ ace. to others, o\'er " hundredmen, - lJrgyd - dpo"l, a serge.'Ult, captain,distin~uished hy " wpper button on hiscap, Hook. II, 160. 200.; Wiio· ~og Sd.,!din - (80, the troop under this officer'scommand.~.~. ldii~-M, or Win-8; IA., adv. quite,

very, very mUCh, -,ia Wiio - u ltam$zd,j.po yod" I am quite well; -,ia Whi.-u1IIa ofdd $On- I was very mucb displeased,\'ery vexed; puh. also -Mi,i8 faf!"'PU-mafor ylin, cf. Un8-pa, or perh. in £d. /diilis the form for ytiil.~.:::r'f{d(b-pa 1. vb., pf. bldib, &1/.'"\ ldig - pa. - 2. adj. C8.: nol clear,not intelligible, -flu· JIb- JV. stammering,stuttering; ldilrldih = ldab-ld(b.~5-l' klim W. the crash of 0. falling tree,~ the report of a gun, -!dim zCI'-ra "ail1 hear a crock.i'it~.S).2;: !dir -ldir is said to be - -di-n¢; ~ ,i- C.

B91

Idir-baIdtm-pa

a ! ftlso Ith'-ba, to be distended,

inflated, to belly; Ito-ldir a big belly;Itn- Idir- can big-bellied.

- - 2. to rush, to

roar, of the wind W. ; to roll, of the thun-

der, Jbrag Idir it thunders; Idir bbin like

thunder; Idir-sgra a thundering, roaring

noise; Idir-ce-ba thundering Thgr.'

Idu-gu=

ydu-ba, ydu-gu.

idug(s}-pa, pf- Mug* (Lea.),

bluys (usual form), fut. blug,

imp. blug(s\ col. blug-pa, to pour, snod-du',

Idg-cu bluys pour some water on my hands,

give me water for washing; to sprinkle, to

strew, sand Glr. to cast, to found, metals.

Cf. blugs and lugs.

ajr-n* fdud-pa, pf., fut. and imp. bind, col.

bh'id-pa, to give to drink, to water,

cattle etc., with accus of the drink given,

dug blud-eih mi 3i he does not die by a

poisoned draught, btun-ba blud he gives

(him) to drink Thgr.', fug -pa Uys-parblud-cin making (another) eat plenty of

soup Lt.j as one also says: fug -pa Ofun-

ba to eat soup.

Idum 1. vegetables, greens, in general.- 2. W. lettuce, salad; Idum-ndg, a

kind of lettuce Cs.; Idum-bu 1. 6s. plant,

stalked plant. 2. prob. for ldom-bu Mil.; 3.

C. vulgar pronunciation for sd&n -po.

- Idum-ra i. W. kitchen -garden; 2. fruit-

garden, orchard, and 3. esp. flower-garden

(better sdum-ra); Idum-ra-pa gardener I'f/i.

ldum-po, Idum-ldum, 1.

for dum-po Glr.; 2. Ld.

for zlum-po, round; Mil. also Idum-la Ogril-

ba made round, rounded off.

Idur - Idur Lex.;

Sch. : roaring ,

rushing.

Ide? Lexx. mih(-gi)-lde w. e.; Ide-Ka

Sch.: 'belonging together, of the same

species'.

l&e-9u ->

laei1 Med. 1. C's. mix-

ture, syrup (?); 2. ointment Wdn.

oj-q-lde-ba (Sch. also Od4-bd), pf. (b)ldes,

fut. bide, imp. faks, to warm one's

self, c. accus., me, at the fire; nyi-ma, in

the sun (not me-la).

> and T. (T*. col. *A-

a^* Hal. *le-miy, otherwise not

in use in W.) 1. key, ldt>-<tdb Glr. prob.id. - - 2. introduction, preface < '.

OJQ W<?M 1 . C's. also <feu, a kind of pease,' Hind.

iprT2. v.

^%'^a (P^ *^0 *o quake, shake,

tremble, e. g. of the palace of the

gods Dzl.

'T* tden-ka, Idin-ka, v. Iten-ka, a pond.

Ideb 1. /Sc-A. leaf, sheet, of paper; 2.

= W&8 1.

ldeb-pa 1. C's. = ldtg-pa; 2. fi

to bend round or back, to turn round.

to double down.

- Mebs 1. side, I^ex. ==Odabs, e.g. of

a mountain Sch., the flat side of a

sword or knife C's.; >nts-pai Obur-poi Ideb*

by the side of, near, the protuberance of

a bone. 2. compass, enclosure, fence &A.- 3. C., W. a large cloth, in which a

person is carried by several others, either

by means of a pole, or by taking hold of

the four corners. This mode of conveyanceis called Dandi (vjju/j Hindi'). 4. in the

Wdn. it seems to have still another sig-

nification.

Idem 1. v. Idem -pa I. - - 2. statue,

idolatrous image, idol, standing upright,

cf. Idem-pall., C. 3. suspension-bridge (?)

Ld.-Glr. Schl 17, a; v. Mem-pa III.

Idem-pa I. sbst. 1. <s.: 'contrariety,

opposition, irony1

, which seems not

to be quite inconsistent with the explanation

given by Zam., dran-min, as being an

intentional concealing of the true sentiment

-ldem(-po) riddle, enigma (cf. f6d-bya);

mi-Idem, byd-ldem, btm-ldem an enigma or

allegory applied to men, to birds, to in-

animate beings; Idem-pot nag, Idtm-ytam

parable, allegory; Idem-dgdn* LAT. = Swt.

flfajjfv. prob.: a concealed deceitful in-

tention, Sch. : 'a mysterious opinion' ; Idem-

r)6d-pa Cs. to say a riddle or parable,

*ldem tad-cf W. to propose a riddle, Idem

fs6d-pa C's., c6d-pa Sch., to solve a riddle.

- 2. W. a trap (C1

. *pur-ny<*),*-

19*

..,t!l~~. hlW-ba 1. also ltir-ba, to be dilttnded,l; inftlte4, to belly; lth-idir. big belly;IttJ-ldir-lan big-bellied. - 2. to MIl, toroar, of the wind IV.; to roll, of tbe thundtt, .brag Mi,. il Ihunde~; ldir bH,. likethuod<':f; ldir-'!f'"tJ a dlundering, roaringnoi~e; Wir.l/-lxJ thundering T~.

'?""T /d.... -)'<1""" )'<1'....~~

~(~)''l. Id"'(')-"" p' /d.... (l~.),....., blu!!, (osual form), fut. Mug,imp. 6lNf/{'), 001. blllfJ"'pa, to pour, ,"dd-du.;ldfl-lv. blugl pour some water on m)' hand3,give me wllter for wlUihing; to sprinkle, toItrcw, sand Glr.; to cast, 10 found, metal".Cr. bill!!, nnd lug',!:'.::;:::r /dilli-pa, pr., fut. nod imp. hlud, col.S I bilid-pa, to give to drink, to water,cattle elc., \lith Aceus of the drink given,,iug Mu(l_tin 11Ii ;8 he docs not. die by n.poisoned drllugbt, btuji - ba billd be gives(him) ~ drink ThfJr.; fitO - po. Ii:!•• ptJrblild - nli. makiog (another) eat plenty· of'soup IA., lUI olle also says: t.frfHl .f.....ba to eat soup.r.:'~ lJ"Jn 1. vegetables, greens, in gene",!.:s - '1. W. lettuce, salad; ldu_ftd!J, akind of lettuce c..j lmi"l-bM 1. c.. plant,stalked plant '1. prob. for Id6wt~ J1HI.; 3.C. Tolg-r proQunci.non for tJdit - po. - IJInH-ra I. IV. kitchen-garden; 2. fruitgarden, orchard, and 3. esp. fklwer-garden(better .dum-ra); IJWIrM"a-pa gar6ener I'rA.

r:'Jl:l'~ r.:u:rr.:'Jl:f /dum-po, ldtlm-Wwm, 1.~"~'~"~"', d' GI 2 I"" "" or um-po f.; .......for ::llillt-po, round; Mil. also /dlim·la .,grilba ma.de round, rounded off.~~'r.:.". lduf - ld/ir IJiz. j &h.: roaring,~.s rustling.~ (dt' Luz. mi,i(.yi) - {dt w. e. j Me - Ita

&1•. : 'belonging together, of the lamespecies'.~l:JT' ~. Idt--gtl, Idft' Mtd. l. (.,. mix"\ ,J' ~'" ture, syrup (?); 2. ointment mbi.'i!'.:r ldUll (&1.. also "dUa), I,f. (b)idtf,

fuL blde, imp. Ida, to warm .ne'sself, c. &CeuS-, int, l\t the fire; 1Iyi-rna, inthe sun (nOl. _loll).

~ fd". ""'v n. ami (: (TI. col. .fh.mdg. Bal. -u-'*fj, otherwite not

in use in ,V.) I. by, ltk _ Nh GIr. prob.id. - 2. introduction, preface a.~. ldft l. U. alto td.ttt, a kjad of peut," ..... Hiltd. W - 2. T. ldt-p.~'l' 1dJg-". (pr. ""'-91) 10 quako, ....~

tremble, e. g. of the p&la.oe ollbegods D:L

~"'I' ldiJi-ka, ldiri-to., Y. It,&.,ta, a pond.

,;';.:::r kW L SeA. leaf, slteet, oC paper; t.~ -1d<IA I.

r.".::p:r ldib-pa 1. c.. -lJIg.po; 2. ol¢: to bend round or back. to tum I'OIlnd,to double down.r.\q~ ldtbt I. side, l~.t. _ .dGbt, e.g. of~ a. mountain &h., the flat lide of asword or hiCe G.; rill-poi .bilr-poi ltk6fby the ~ide of, near, the protuberance ofa bone. - 2. compass, enclosur., lene. &ol- 3. C., w: a large doth, in wbich apenon i. earned bYIeTernl others, eitherby means of a pote, or by laking hold ofIhe four corners. This mode of eoOTtyaocei~ called Oandi ('I'V\ llil4dt). - t. in theWdli. it seems to hue still aoother sig.ni6cl\lion.ri,.q- kbI 1. v. ldlM - pa L - 2. stme,.... idolatrous image, idot, standing; upright,d. IJi'ltt.-po II., C. - 3. saspension-bridge(t)LJ.-Glr. &Itt. 17, l\j T. ldJm·pa lil.';;;r=r l&"..-p4 I. sbst. I. Q,: -contrariety,(, opposition, irony'. which seems Pot

to be quite inconsistent ...ith theuplanatioogiven by Zam., drari ••i", as being anintl!'ntional concealing oC the tNe 5Cntiment._ ldbn(·po) riddle, enigma (cf. fuJd-bya);mi-ldel1l, byd-lde,", lJIm-«km lID enigm" orallegory applied to men, to birds, to inlUliolMte beings; ldJm..pol iuJ9, l.lht-ylallfparable, allegory; «lim -dgdH. Ln. - &1....mr~ prob.: " conce"led douitful intf:ntion, $cA..: 'a mysterious opinion'; IJn.r)dd - po Ct. to ~J " riddle or panble,0/dnn {ad..cl' W. 10 propoill "riddle, ldtM6dd-pa iI., C6d-pa .'J to totn: " riddle.- 'to W. a trap «(.: .p.r.,.yi"'), .f1i.-It;;JJa.

'9'

292

mouse-trap, *wa-ldem* fox-trap, *tsug-ce*to put a trap.

II. adj. 1. (Schr. Idem-po) straight,

upright; tall, well-made, Mil, prob. also

Wdn. 2 partic. of HI., inconstant; un-

stable, variable, perishable Cs.

III. vb., also Idem - Idem -pa Sch. to

move up and down, striking, trembling,

vibrating; fsog-sgro Idem-pa the clappingof wings Mil.; Idem -Idem flexible, supple,

elastic, pliant.

njx- Ider, Ts. = Idebs I., skyai Ider -la on^ the side of a wall, on a wall, e.g. to

paint, to scrawl; rii Ider.

- Ider-ba Cs.: '1. toughness, clamminess,

2. potter's clay'. Ider-fso Cs. i. clay,

2. an idol made of clay Mng.-- Ider-sku

Glr. prob.= Ider-fso 2.; ace. to others: a

picture on a wall. Ider-bzo figures mod-

elled of clay, plastic work, Ider-bzoi lha

Zam. = Ider-tso 2.; Ider-bzoi-ldebs Lex. a

clay-enclosure (?) Ider-so Glr. 88, 1. 2.,

by the context also figure, image.

Ido side, Ld. for glo.

ldog-pa, pf. and imp. log, vb. n.

to zlog-pa, 1. to come back, to re-

turn, to go home, to depart. 2. to come

again, often with pyir, of diseases, = to

relapse; in a specific religious sense v.

Jbrds-bu bzi, frq.; dgrar to come forward

again as an enemy, to renew the war (ni f.)

Mil 3. to change, to undergo a change),as to colour, smell etc. Med.; Ogyur-ldog,and ldog- gyur Mng. changeableness, in-

constancy, fickleness. 4. to turn away

(vb. n.) las from; bio ldog-pa id. Thgy.;no ldog-pa v. log-pa. The partic. as adj.:

de-las Idog-pai (the thing) opposed to that,

contrary to it, Wdn; go-ldog id. Lt.; mgo-

Idog Lex.? - - Sch. has also Idog-pye-ba

distinguished, different, from each other, and

ldog-pa reciprocal, mutual, each separately.

Cf. log-pa.

ldon-ba 1. vb., pf. Idons, Ion, to

become blind, to be blind; to be in-

fatuated. 2. adj., also ldons-pa, mdohs-

pa, blind; infatuated, Cf. I6n-ba.

|to|" sdig

Iddh -mo, resp. fsol-ldon, a small

churn, used for preparing tea, =gur-

gur, v. sub ja. Cf *don-dus* Ld. a stave;

Idon-rus?

Idon-ros Cs.: n. of a yellow earth,

bole, ochre, used for staining the

walls of houses; Idon-ros-sa Lt.

Id6n-pa to give or pay back, to re-

turn,=

klon-pa, glon-pa, esp. with

Ian, to answer Dzl.

ldob-pa to apprehend quickly; to be

witty, to be quick in repartee 6s.;

Idobs-zkyen Lex., explained by ses-sla-ba

understanding readily?

Idom-pa? rag-ldom-pa is stated to

be = rag-lus-pa Ld.

Idom-bu, less frq. Idum-bu, often

preceded by ro-snyoms alms, con-

sisting of food; Idom-bu byed-pa to ask

such alms; ldom-sa alms-house, house

where beggars receive food; Idom-bu- ba

a person living on alms, a beggar, Mil., Pth.

zddn-ba, pf. sdans, I. to be angry,

wrathful, mi dgd-zin sddn-ste grow-

ing angry, flying into a passion Dzl.; gen.

c. la : to hate, to be inimically disposed, frq. ;

sddn-bai dgra opp. to bydms-pai ynyen;

sddn-bar sems-pai dgrd-bo id. Wdn.; Kyim-

mfses-kyi dgrd-sdan-ba, or dgrd-bdo-ba the

neighbour's grudge ; sddn(-bai) sems, sddn-

blo, most frq. %e-sddn, hatred, enmity, hosti-

lity, ill-will; (cf. dug) sddn-ba fams-cdd

jig-pa to subdue all hostile powers; snar

sddn-ba the former, the old hatred Mil;

sdan-mig Lex. an angry look, a scowl.

II. for yddn-ba.

5JC^" sddn-bu v. yddn-bu.

"

sddd-pa v. sdod-pa.

"

sddm-pa v. sdom-pa.

* sddr-ma trembling, timorous, timid

Dzl, Zam.*

sdi-ba, pf. bsdis, v. sdig-pa.

xfcn* sdig 1. thick (?) ysus-pa sdig Mng. -*

'

2. foundation C., rgydg-pa to lay a

foundation,

292 '\

mouse-trap, ·v:a-ldfm· fox-trap, .eru.g.«10 put a trap.

n. adj. 1. (ScAr. ldim -]KJ) straight,upright; tall, well· made, Mil., prob. alsoWaft. - 2 partie. of ill., inconstant; unstable, variable, perishable lA.

ill. vb., also hUm _ ldim _pa &11. tomove up and down, striking, trembling.vibrating; Tiog-Igf'd ldbn-pa the clnppioKof wings Mil.; ldnM-ldhn flexible, SlJpple,etastic, pliant.2i~ likr, T•. _ld.tbl I., alrtJai hJh--la on~ the side of a wall, on a wall, e.g. topaint., to Bcra.....l; n"j ltier.

2''::':'1'' ld&-6a (.C.: 'I. toughness, clamminess,.et: 2. potter's tlay'. frier-flO C•• I. clay,2. an idol made 01 clay Milg. - ldir-3luGlr. prob. _ldb_flO 2.; ace. to other/!: l\

picture on a wall. - ldb-b::o figures modelled of clay, plastic work, ldlr - &:oi li,a7.Q1I1. _ ldb'-oo 2.; ld~U!i-«ubI Lu. u.clay-encl08ure (?) - ldir~ Gtr. 88, I. 2.,by the context .Igo figure, image.

~ ilk side. Ld. for glo.

?-:i':rr.::r {dOg-pa, p£. and imp. log, 't'b. n.~ to :1hft-pa. 1. to eome back, to retum, to go home. to deparL - 2. to ctmt

again, o£teD with W', of diseases, - torelapse; in a ipecific religious sense Y.

.Iw~ b:i, fn'J.; dfl"lU' to come for-.rardagaiu as an enemy, to reoe-.r the war (IIi f.)Mi/_ - 3. 10 change, to undergo a change),Q to colour, limell etc. Mtd.; ,gyiI,-Idog.and kk1g. o!I!Iu, Miig. changeableness, in.constancy, fickleness. - 4. to tum away(vb.n.) lat from; bW hMg-pa id. Thgy.;lio UMg.pa v.ldg-pa. The partie. &II adj.:Ji.lfU ldOg?Ji (the thing) opposed to thM,contrary to it, Wdn; ~lddg id. Lt.; 11Igo·Ido'!l IJtJ:.r - &1,. bas also ldog.l1Je.badistinguished, different, from each other, andldo.q_pa reciprocal, mulua~ each separately.Cf. 1Jg-pa.~'::r ldoli·ba 1. ,·b., pf. 100.', loti, to

become blind, to be blind; tll be inlafuatfil. - 2. adj., also ldOii..pa, ""dolf"po, blind; inlablated. Cf. lOi-ba.

?!it:~ ldoli - mo, resp. p#Jl- /do... a IlII&II~ chLlm, used for preparing tea, ... ,Ill.'git" v sub ja. Of ·de;,....dW· Ld. a stave;IdOfi-rw"~'~'\f Itkil-,..,. G.: D. of a yello,' earlh,~ bole, ochre, used for staining thewalli of houses; Itki-I"'OHQ fA..

~tlj'f ld'-,.,..pa to give or pay back, to ,.tum, - 1.:16n-pa, gllm-pa. esp. witb

laN, to answer Dzl.?:t'::r:r l~pa 10 apprehend quickly; to be~ witty, to be quick in repartee 0.;l~yht Lu., explained by UI-.la-baunderstanding readily??'i';rq' ld6m-pa' rag-ld6m-pa is stnted 10I!:; be = rafrlia?J lA.?:t'~·a' «Mm-bu, leu frq. lditm· bu, oftenI!:; preeeded by ro-3"!J6m. alms, con·listing of food; ldtJm-lm byid.pa to askSUeil alms; ldtlm-.a Rims - house. bousewht're beggars receive food; ld6m·bu-baa Ilt'crson livillg Oil lllms, a besp;ar, Mil., Ptl•.~'::r ZOO>I-OO, Vf. adan., 1. to be angry,

wrathfu~ 1fti diJd·:ili Iddli...au growing IlDgry, flying into a passion D::l.; gen.c. la: to !\ate. to be inimically disposetl, fn'J.;add>f-bui dfl"'" opp. to byd... - fXJi ".ym;aJaJi-bor ahII-fXJi dgrU-bo id. Wdil.; lyi1Rmf--":yt· dgrd-.daiKJu, or dgrd-&kJ.bo. theneighoolU's grudge; addi{-boi) ........ ,tldJiblo, mOl'>t frq. z-ddli, haired, enmity, bostilily, ill-wit!; (cf. d~) addil - 6lJ fama· rodJifrpa to subdue all hostile PD.·en; lliaraddn.oo the former, tbe old hatred Mil.;adali-mig Lu. all angl)' look, a scowl.

II. for ,ddn-ba.

~:~ adati-bu v. rJdii-bu.

~~;'r adUd.pa v. adM-pa.

~&4'''l' addm-pa v. adOm.-pa.

~J;.•.;r add'-1IIa trembling, timorous, timidDzl., Zam.

~.::r adi-ba, pf. badia, v. adig-pa. -

~ adig 1. thick (?) ya"..pa tdig MJtg. t. foundation c., rgad,!} - pa to lay a

fO\lndaiion.

a rwd-ban,col. *i'(i-fm'*, scorpion, also as sign

of the zodiac; sdig -pa dkiir-po, ndg-po\

toliij-rini, the sting of a scorpion ; sdiy-dug

the poison of a scorpion; sdiy-fsdti a scor-

pion's nest; sdiy-srin crab, crawfish, used

both as food and medicine Med., but not

as designation for the respective sign of

the zodiac, v. sub Kyim\ sdig-srin- buLt. id.?

II. (xrn?) s 'n'moral evil as a power,

sdig-pa-la yid-ces-pa Dzl. 3*^? 11 to be-

lieve in sin as such; )6ms-pa to conquer

sin, as something hostile to man Dom.,and so meton. = sinners, adversaries;

sometimes perh. for sinfulness. sinful state,

but gen. in a concrete sense: offence, tres-

pass, in thought, word,or deed

,Ka - na-

ma-fo-bai sdig-pa, or nyes-pa prob. a

grievous sin Dzl.;also with a genit., rgydl-

poi sdig-pa sbyoh-ba to wash away, to

expiate, the king's sin; also Oddg-pa, sel-

ba, W. *cdd-ce*; Obydn-ba id., but more

in an intransitive or passive sense; so also

O cegs-ya (ysdg-pa, bsags-pa) to confess, as

ace. to Buddhist views, confession is al-

most tantamount to expiation of sin, cf.

also ^gyod-pa and bzdd-pa; there seems

to be, however, no word strictly corres-

ponding to our 'forgiving' of sin; sdig-

(paT)-las a sinful deed; sdig-pa-la dgd-bato love sin, to be wicked; sdig-(pai) grogs

a companion in vice, an associate in crime

Dzl.; sdig-pa byed-pa, spyod-pa, to commit

sin, to sin; sdig-pa mi byed-pai yul a

country where no sins are committed, a

pious country; sdig-byed, sdig-spyod im-

pious, wicked; a wicked person, sdig-pa-rnams buds-pa id. (more accurately: noM.a

yf.iaQZTjxtoc') Stff.', sdig- can id. (sdig-pa-

ban seems not to be in use) ; sdig-sgrib

the filth, the contamination of sin, sdig-

sgrib fams-cdd scl-ba to cleanse from every

defilement of sin Glr. (which the Ommuni-

padmehum is sufficient to do); sdig-po a

sinner, a bad character, *<//>/ -po ce a vile

sinner Glr., Mil.', rdig-to-can, MIMl^,

sdig-can, but only as epithet of Dud; sdig-

blon a wicked officer Glr.

imp. *Mtj*, and ///-//, pf.

ft. bsdi, 1. to 8hOW, to point Out.

a pointing finger, ...la

pa to point at. . . (with M -,,,1, ,, r

btdig,

\\itli

the fingers toward heaven, yet not in a1

menacing' (6.) way. 2. to aim '.,

bsdi(g)s-8a the place that is aimed at,

aim, butt; goal Thgy.; bsdh-pai pyog*-suin the direction of the aim Thgy. --3.

to menace, to threaten, tad-pas with punish-ment Mil. (ni f.) ; *dig-ce pi-la* 7x/. as an

alarm-shot; Odi-la bddg-gis )fy*~Pa ty"ff**

ma bsdigs-na if I do not threaten him with

something frightful, if I do not strike him

with fear, Dzl; sdigs-mo bytd-pa to assume

a menacing attitude Mil, to threaten taunt-

ingly Thgy.sdiiis a cavity or depression, spdn-

sdins a depression on a grassy plain,

ri-sdins on a mountain-ridge; the signi-

fications given by Cs.t'middle part, heart,

core', were not known to our men of Tashi-

lunpo.

sdib-pa l.Sch. = Idib-pa. 2. Tar.

8,18 = rtib-pa.

sdug-pa I. adj. pretty, nice, ltd-na

to look 0.1 Dzl.; *t$a-tlhi-d-itg-pa* C.

mint, Mentha, rjdvooftnv, gen. with reference

to a person: what is agreeable, pleasing,

dear, to a person Ssk.: fjro, bddg-gi bu

ndn-gi sdug-pa-la the most beloved of mysons Dzl', nai bu sdug my dear son l*th.\

sdug-par Odzin-pa Dzl, sem-pa D:l. frq.,

rtsi-baMil., to love, c. dat, gen. with regard

to parental love; sdug-par ^gyur-ba to be-

come dear to a person, to be endeared to,

Dzl; mi-sdug-pa not fair. ugly, disagreeable,

of the body, of a country etc.; mi-sditg-

pai tin-ne-jkin '/'<//. 10,11 contemplating

one's self and the world as n foul, putrid

carcass (v. Tar. Transl. 285, foot of the

page); mi-sdug-par bytd-pa to disfigure,

pollute, profane, a temple Dzl; sdug-gu

beautiful, pretty, handsome, bud-mtd *%-gu fanu-cad all pretty women I):l. : there

is also a form for the fern, gender:

~'q' •dlOl'a

~qr~r Il:ily-JXI 1. olso Il:Ur,-pa "ra-OOIl,001. ·ni.tJ/"-, scorpion, also as sign

of the zodiac; adi9-pa dkJr-po, "dg-l)();.dig-I'lrd, the stinA" of l\ scorpion; adig-flUgthe l)(lison of a. scorpion; I<lig-($d,i a licorpion's nest; &diy-trill crab, crawfish, usedboth as food find medicine Mtd., but notos designl\tion for tile respc<:ti ...e sign ofthe zodiac, v. sub J.y;.m; .diy·'rill-ow Lt. id.?

II. (q'lq) sin, moral evil as a power,wlg_pa_la yid-Cts·pa D:I. ~~, 11 to belie\'e in sin as such; Jo",,-pa to conquersin, as something hostile to man D&m.,and so meton. _ sinners, adversaries;sometimes perh. for sinfulness, sinful state,but gen. in n concrete sense: offence, trt!s·pass, in thought, word, or deed, fa - nama-(d-bai ,d'g-pa, or nyi,-pa prob. agrie...ous sin D:l.; also with a genit., ruyalp&i .dig-pa w!J6,i-ba ro wash nway, toexpinte, the king's sin; fIlso oddg-pa, aft-00, W. ·cdd-c?; ob!Jdil.ba id., but morein lUl intransiti ...e or pnssi\'e sense; so alsooclgs-pa (rAd!f1"l, bAa:Js-pa) to eonfess, asace. to Buddhist views, confession is alm06t tuntawount to expiation of sin, ef.also o!J!Jdd-pa and b::dd - raj there seemsro be, however, no word stricl1y corresponding to our 'forgiving' of sin; wig(pai)-lal a sinful deed; Jdiffa-la dgd-OO10 love sin. to be wicked; adig-{pai) 9rog'a companion in ...ice, an associate in crimeDzl.; sdl'g-pa byld-JXl, 'P'jIKl-pa, to commitsin, to sin; .dlg - pa mi b!Jtd _pui yu.I aoountry where no sins are eommilted, apious country; sdig - byM, sdig- 'pyOd impious, wicked; a wicked person, .dig-parnanu Of./cb-pa id. (more accurately: n-o,uti4~la(>T'1I1~) Stg.; sdig - can id. (adig-patan seems not to be in use); adig - 'gribthe filth, the contlunination of sin, adiy.grib (am$·(Jd ,ll-ba to cleanse from everydefilement of sin GIr. (which the OmmnnipAdmchnm is sofficient to do); ,dig-lJ() asinner, a bad character, adig-po III tl "ilesinn~r Glr., Mil.; rdirrto-l:an, ~, .Jig-tan, but only as epithet of Dud; adigbidn a wicked officer Glr.

~~)'q' ~/(fl{')-pa, pC. btdiy., Cut.lHdig,IInll. ttl.,., a,ul .Ji-l,u, pf. b.di.,

ft. bsdi, I. to show, to point out, adig.-"fd:;';'ba pointing fillger, ... la .digs-nkf:"b rtMpa to point at ... (with scorn or derisioll);llilJl-mdzub 'lam_HIl'a_UI rtad J)(linting ,,·ithtile finp;ers townrd heaven, yet not in a'menacing' (Cr.) way. - 2. to aim C"bldi(g),-,a tbe place tllAL i~ Ilimed at,aim, butt; goal Tlrgy.; Wdi'-I)(Ii p!Jdg,-nlin the direction of the ftim TMJY. - 3.to menace, to threaten, ldd-pal with puni~h_

ment Mil. (nif.); ·dig-1:t lii-fa- lA. u anl\larm~sllotj "di-la bddy-gia Ji!l'-[XJ H9'9urna badigl-1la if I do not threaten Ilim witlasomething frightful, if I do not strike hilDwilh fear, D:l.; ll1i£/'-'h"J(J byM-pa to llS8umea menacing attitude MiL, to threaten t1Luotingly Thgy.~~. •d~iI' a cavity ~r depression, 'Pd.Ji-

sdlJi, u. dcpresslon on I/. grass)' plAin,ri - adin. on a mounttlin-ridgej the signifiel\tions given by Ca., 'middle Pl\rt, heart,core', were not known ro our men ofTashi

lunl'0'~:rtf adib-pa 1.Sd,. -idio.pa.-2. Tar.

8,18 _ rtib-pa.~::rr.:r ll1ug--pa I. adj. Prt!tty, nice, itd-IUI~ to look at Dz1.; ·U/I-\'"i--dttg-P/l· <,:mint, Mentba., ~6';OOflllt'; gen. with referenceto I'l person: whM is agreeable, pleasing.dear, to a person &k.: m, bddg - gi hitlldn-gi IlbiYfJa-la the mOlit belo\"ed of nIl'sons D:l.; >iai btl adug my deftr son Prlr.;ad';g-pa,- od:ill-ptl D:l., 3h.-pa D::l. frq.,rbsi-ba Mii., to love, e. dut., gen.....·ith regardto parentll.llo\·e; ad;.g-par o!Jyur-&1 to be·come delr to n person, to be endeared to.,

D:I.; mi-adug-pa not fair, ugly, disagreeable,of tbe bod)', of A cOllntrl' etc.; ",i-MHgpai tiil-lit-oddn Tar. 10,11 conlempl.tingone's self and the world .s lI. fOIlI, putridCIU'Cnss (\'. Tar. TrAnsl. 285, foot "f tilept\ge); tlli-ad~g-par b",i-ll(j to disfigure,pollute, profane, a telllple })::1.; iidHg - 9"beJlutiful, pretty, lumdsoale, b~Ml ..IHgIJI' (m~cad all pretty womell D::i.; lbl'.f1!is, Mlso l\turm for the fem, gellder: ad;'{/-

T sdug-pa

294

gu-ma Dzl. ; sdu -ge-ba Cs. : 'the state of

being somewhat pleasing1

(?); in a prayeroccurs: bod-bans sdug-ge snyin-re-rje the

good, poor Tibetans, just as in W. *sdug-

pa-fse* is used;often (but not necessarily)

rather pityingly: Ko sdug-pa- fse the goodman (will do his utmost) ; *ri-pa sdug-pa-fse* the good fieldmouse (speedily made

off); but also : *sab dug-pa-fse a-lu zig ton*

W. good sir, give me a few potatoes!

II. vb. to be oppressed, afflicted, grieved,

like ydun-ba, sems Ids-kyis sdug-nas bysorrow Mil. ; *sem mdn-po mdn-po dug son*

C. I was very, very sorry for it; . . .pas

sdug-go we are miserable, because . . . Dzl.;

sdug-par Ogyur-ba to become unhappy, to

get into distress Dzl.

III. sbst., Ssk. 'Z'jg, affliction, misery,

distress, bod sdug-pai mgo Odzugs that is

the beginning of the misfortunes of Tibet

Ma.; ned-la sdug-pai re-mos bab (then)

came our turn of being visited by affliction

Mil.] more frq. sdug ,and sdug-bsndl (v.

below) sdug-tu mi yon Odug-gam are younot in distress? Mil.] sdug Hur byed-pato undergo hardships (voluntarily), to bear

affliction (patiently), to suffer, in an em-

phatical sense, Mil. ; sdug mi feg you cannot

endure the hardships Mil.; *ka-dug mdn-

po )he' -pa* C. to work hard, to drudge;

skyid-sdug good and adverse fortune, goodluck and ill luck, very frq. ; bde-sdug id.

;

sdug-sogs byed-pa (the contrary to fsogs-

sogs byed-pa) to accumulate misery uponone's self Mil.

; *dug mdn-po tdn-wa* C. to

plague or vex a good deal, to inflict injury,

c. la] yzan-sdug-gi sdig-pa the sin of havingdone evil to others Mil.

; *dug 20'-la tdn-

wa* C. to torture, to put to the rack; sdug

Jbdb-pa to be in mourning Cs.; sdug srun-

ba to mourn 6s.; sdug

- can col. fatiguing,

worrying. sdug as adj., unhappy, miserable,

Pth.^ is of rare occurrence.

Comp. and deriv. sdug-Kdn a chamber

of mourning, a darkened room Cs. sdug-

gos a mourning dress 6s. sdug-bsndl the

most frq. word for misfortune, misery, suf-

fering; also pain, sdug-bsndl-gyis yduns-pa

sdud-pa

Dzl., sdug-bsndl myon-ba (W. *fdn-ce*) to

be in calamity, to suffer pain ; *dug - ndl

tdn-wa, ter-wa* C. (*tdn-ce* W.), to inflict

pain, to grieve, to torment; sdug-bsnal dan

Iddn-pa, sdug-bsndl-can unhappy, miserable;

misery, distress, affliction; *dug-)'idl)he

>

-pa*C. to lament, wail, moan; sdug-bshdl-du

gyur-baiQ become sorrowful or melancholy ;

*nd-la nd-ga-ri ma ses-pe dug-ndl yod* Ld.

I regret my not knowing Sanskrit; sdug-bsndl -ba (vb.) to be unhappy, (sbst.) the

State Of unhappiness, Thgy. ; sdug-bsndl-baiskad lamentable, doleful cries. sdug-

mfug C. accumulating calamity. sdug- dre

a demon Sch. *dug-po* C. wretched (road),

savage (dog), ill-bred, naughty, unamiable;evil (sbst.), dug-po byed-pa to doevilMiL.]*mt-la dug-po tdn-wa* C. to do evil to a

person, to molest, trouble, annoy, injure,

a person. sdug-pons-pa Stg., 6'., poor.

sdug-zwa a mourning-hood 6s. sdug-srdn inured to hardships; the being hardened

Mil.

jr-sdud 1. Sch.: the folds of a garment;

^>' sdud-Ka string for drawing together

the opening of a bag, drawing-hem. 2. 6s.

synthesis, Jbyed-sdud analysis and synthesis.

sdud-pa, pf. bsdus, fut. and likewise

for the pres. tense) bsdu, imp. sdus,

bsdu, vb.a. to Odu-ba, 1. to collect, gather,

lay up, amass, assemble, riches, flowers,

broken victuals, taxes, crops, earnings, men,cattle etc., frq. ;

to put together, to compile,

min-rnams . . . nas bsdus the names have

been put together out of . . . Glr.] to brush

or sweep together, W. : *Kyim-sa ol-mo-ne

(or dan)* the dust with a broom; dbdn-

du to subject, subdue, frq. 2. to unite,

join, combine, sin ysum mgo three pieces

of wood at their upper ends Dzl.] six king-

doms into one Dzl. (to join) actions, words,

and thoughts in the path of virtue Zte.; dmdg-rnams Kor-du (joining) the troops with his

retinue DzL; Uyo-sug-tu to unite in matri-

mony, to give in marriage. 3. to condense,

to comprise, all moral precepts in three

main points, the letters of the alphabet

in five classes Gram.; esp. with wjun-nur,

...flU4tUJDzI.; wli-ge-balA.: 'the state ofbeing somewhat pleasing'(?); in a prayerOCCQrs: bod-ban, sduV-ge snyiri-rt-r)e tbegood, poor Tibetans, just as in W. "sdug.pa-t8I!* is used; oflen (but not necessarily)rather pityingly: flo ulu9f(P-(Bt the goodman (will do his utmost); .rt-pa sdug-~

fa- the good fieldmouse (speedily madeoff); but also: "sah dug-pa.(d t-Iu 'Zig toil·l¥: good sir, give me a few potntocs! .

II. vb. to be oppl"(!ssed, afflicted, grieved,like fdun Aba, scnu IdA .l.yu &dug. nas bysorrow Mil.; 'Own mdn.po man-po dug IJ()U"C. I was "'ery, very sorry for it; passdu.g-go we are miserablE', because DzL;sdug-par o!!YllNJa to become uobappy, toget into distress lkl.

III. sbat., Ssk. 1':., affliction, misery,distress, bod wUg-pu mgo od.."'U98 that isthe beginning of the misfortunes of TibetMa.; tied-La sdu!I-pai re-mO$ bab (tben)came our turn of being visited by afOietionMI7.; more frq. 3dug, and 3d!l9-bstilil (v.below) Mlitg-w mi yon odug-g«1" are younot in distress? .Mil.; 3dug hur bytd-pato undergo hardships (voluntarily), to bearaffliction (patiently), to sutTer, in an emphatical sense, Mil.; Miffg ",Ii (eg you cannotendure the hardships Mil.; -ka-dug mtilipo)M - pa. C. to work hard, to drudge;lI1.'!Iid-sd6g good and IId"ersc fortune, goodluck and ill luck, very Crq.; Me-3dug id.;ulUg-1dg3 bytd-pa (the contrary to (scg&

30g3 bytd-pa) to accumulate misery uponone'" self Mil.; -dug mdil-po tdn-tea- C. toplague or "ex a good deal, to inOict injury,c.la; j:an-sdurroi sdig-pa the sin of havingdone evil to others Mil.; -dug zl-la t(iJi

tea- C. to torture, to put to the rackj 3dugobdb-pa to be in mourning (A.; adug 3ni/iba to mourn Q.; 3dUg - can col. latiguing,worrying. - OOug as adj., unhappy, miserable,Pth., is of rare occurrence.

Compo and deriv. 3dug-/4i1i a chamber01 mourning, a darkened room C8. - 8dugg/J3 a mourning dress Q. - Bdug-b8,jdl themost frq. word for misfortune, miserY, suf·fering; also pain, Mug-lnllliL-gy", ,dun8-pa

I.

IJzl., sdug-b3ridl my6ti-ba (lV. -(iJri-tl') to

be in calamity, to suffer pain; -dug _tidltclli-u.'4, ter-lI:a- C. etdn-CII' lV.), to inllictpuin, tc grieve, to torment; sdug-Inilal dwiUldn-pa, sdug-In,idl-i':an unhappy, miserable;misery, distress, affliction; -dug-lidlJilt-paC. to lament, wail, moan; OOu[I-lnrilil_duofIyUr-ba to becomesorrowfulor melancholy;-tid-la 'itb-ga-ri rna U8-P~ dug-ritH yo<!" IA.I regret my not knowing Sanskrit; MiU]

bslidl·ba (vb.) to be unhappy, (sbst.) thestate of unhappiness, Thgy.; BdUfJ-bBlidl-bai8kad lamentable, doleful cries. - 8duglll(ug C. accumulating calnmity. - Mug-"dria demon &h.--dug-po-C. wretched (road),savage (dog), ill-bred, naughty, unamiable;evil (sbst.), dug-po ~.pa to do e"il MiL;~ml-la diJg-']XJ tdri-wa* C. to do evil to aperson, to molest, trouble, annoy, injure,a person. - adug-piJii3'pa Stg., C., poor.- sdug-:u:a a mouming-hood Cs. - Bdug8rdn inured tobardships; tbebeing hardencdMil.~~. 8dud 1. Sell.: the folds of l\ garment;~ Bdild-/(a string for drawinR togetherthe opening of a bag, drawing-hem. - 2. C'8.synthesis, obyed-8dUd analysis ILnd syntllesis.~~--'f adud-pa, pf. bwm, fut. and likewise~ for the pres. tense) Wu, imp. 3dm,badu, ,-b.n. to odiJ-ba, 1. to collec~ gather,Jay up, amass, assemble, riches, /lowers,broken victuals, 1a1eS, crops,earnings, men,cattle etc., frq.; to put together, to compile,miri-rnam8 ... naB bsdU8 the uames 'bavebeen put together out of ... Glr.; to brushor sweep together, n~: -Eyfm-sa f,l-nw-I¥(or dalil the dust with a broom; aMridu to subject, subdue, frq. - 2. to unite,join, combine, ilili J"8um mgo three piecesof wood at their upper ends Dz1.; six king.doms into one IJzl. (to join) aotions, words,llnd thougbtsinthepath of \·irtueDzl.; dmdg"UWU IWr-du (joining) the troops with hisretinl,le IJz1.; K!fIrilug-tu to unite in matrimony, to give in marriage. - 3.10 condense,to comprise, all moral precepts in t1U1!C

main points, the letters of the alphabetin five classes Gram.; esp. with nyu,i.riur,

:iir-fmun, to contract, compress, abridge, frq.,

de yd it hsdii-tm it'one .shorten- it -till more,

if it i> abridged a second time Gram.',

*<liis-KuH* W. brief, concise, compendious;

*du-yiy* (-'. abbreviation, abridgment; /Wwa-

///v/ an uluidged commentary Tar. 177,7;

to close, conclude, finish, terminate, mjuyKt Imi-pa to close a train, opp. to sna Odren-

pa May. ;sldr-bsdu-ba concluding a sentence

or period with the finite verb in 0, Gram.

4. bsdm-pa to consist of or in, c.instrum.,

e.g. ///-//'' dnig-gis of six letters Thyy.

5. to boil down, to inspissate Lt, bsdus-Ku,

ydus-Ku, a preparation thus obtained Med.;

Iwlus-fdh prob. id. Med. 6. scil. bsod-

/Htins: bsdu-ba rnam bzi the four ways of

collecting merit Glr. 7. dbuys sdud-paMed.? bsdu-ba sbst. collection, gathering

Tar. 33, 16. --bsdus-yzom or )om 8c/u::

a machine for executing criminals con-

structed in such a manner, that the head

is crushed by two stones striking together;

Stg.: n. of one of the hells

sdum-pa 1. vb., pf. bsdums, fut.

bsdum, imp. sdum(s) }vb.a. to Odum-

pa, to make agree, to bring to an agreement,

mi- mfun-pa-mams things not agreeing

Sch., to reconcile, to conciliate, mi-mdzd-

ba-rnams enemies Thyy.\ sdum-par bye'd-

pa id.; sdum-byed (resp. mdzad), sdtim(-pa)-

po, sdum-mKan, conciliator, pacifier, peace-

maker; res Kruys-pa res bsdum-pa mdn-du

hi/it ii -no at one time they were at odds,

at another they were at peace with one

another Tar. 2. sbst. house, mansion C.;

yzim-sdum (resp.) bed-room ;sdum-ra garden

near the house, cf. Idum-ra.

sd&r-ba, pf. and fut. bsdur, to com-

pare, yo-sdur bydd-pa id., v. go 2;

nyams sdur byed-pa C. to compare different

texts; *tam-dur* W. judicial examination,

trial.

*(1J<5"

amber Ts., for sbur-len.

sde (Ssk. in compound words %n) part,

portion, of a whole, e.g. of a country,

also yul-sde, province, district, territory, even

village C'., bon-sde the places or villages of

the Bonpas Glr.; tde-crn-Ui my4g-p<iaim at an extension ! I'-mtoiv l><nn.\

part of ill,- human race: nation, people, tribe,

clan, community, fid-rol-gyL de ^jomn-jtato conquer hostile nation>; class, e.g. of

letters: phonetical class; ide tder bgd-bato divide into classes G'.; classes of books:

mdd - sde the Satras, v. sub mdo; rgyml-sde the Tantras, v. sub ryyud; sbydr-tdebzi the four volumes treating of pharmacyGlr.; of monks: community of monks, bodyof conventuals (consisting of not less than

four persons); hence convent, monastery.

sde btsuys he founded convents Glr. ?o-

sde id.;class of religious followers, philo-

sophical school, sde bzi the four (principal)

schools Tar.; lha srin-yyi sde brgyad, Iha

klu-la soys-pai sde bryyad the eight classes

of spirits, frq.; it is also used for a great

quantity, great many, lots of; and by im-

proper use, or by way of abbreviation for

sde-pa, sde-dpon, commander, ruler.

Comp. and deriv. sde-skdr Glr. district

-sde-Kruys insurrection, general revolt of

a people, byed -pa to excite one Ma.

sde-snod ysum, f^fqz^i- 'the three baskets',

viz. the three classes of the sacred Bud-

dhist writings, Odul-bai (discipline), mdo-

sdei (Sutras), sndys-kyi sde-sn6d (Mantras,

i.e. metaphysics and mysticism), hence sde-

snod-lasbydn-ba to study the sacred writings

Mil. --sdd-pa 1. the chief or governor of

a district 6'.,= <g6-pa W., majordomo of

the Dalai Lama, Kopp.ll., 134; in a general

sense: a man of quality, a nobleman M-i.

2. a letter of a certain phonetic class, or

the phonetic class itself, add -pa b^i-pathe fourth phonetic class, the labials Gram.

So the word is also used for denoting a

certain class or school of Buddhist philo-

sophers, Tar., frq. sde-dpon*

seU-pa 1,

signifies also a class of demons Ihm. -

sde-tsdn class, e.g. phonetic class, = wfe;

a particular kind of writing, na-ga-ri sde-

fain Glr.;--

sde-yzdr Sch. lawlessness,

anarchy, sde-yzdi' &n-po general anarchy (?)

-sde-yatts (spelling?) court, court-yard,

=fyanis. sde -riy& dominion, territory,

:lir'-aam. to contract, compress, abridgo, frq.,dt yo;' lndiHIa if olle ~liortells it still more,if i~ is auridge,l l~ ~ccond time GraIn.;

·dill_/{w~· 11'. briel, concise, compendious;·Ji4-yig" C. abbreviation, abridgment: bsdU4.grtl An abridged cOlumcot4f)' 'i'o.I'. 177.7;to close, conclude, 1inish, terminate, m)UfJ.uud-pa to close 1\ train, opp. to ana odrh!.1M Milg.; .ldr_lndu-ba concluding ascntcnceor jlcriod with the finite verb in 0, Gram.- 4. hecfli~ to consist 01 or in, c. instrulD.,e.g. yj-~ d"'g-gi. of six leUers Thy!}. 5. to boil down, to inspissate Lt., htdu,-IW.,rdu.-Ilu, n pl"cparlltion thus obtained Med.;!AduI·fdli prob. id. Med. - G. scil. t.oJnUll/I: bldli-bfl rnam hZi the four Wllyg ofcollecting ment Gb', - 7. dlrngs sdud-paMed. ~ btdlt, - btl sbst. collection, gatherillgTar. 33, 16. - bW.Il8-rZo11I or c)qm &/lr.:a. machine for e1ecuting criminals constructed in such a IDlmner, that the headis crushed by two stones striking together;SIg.: n. of one of the hells~c.rtr ,dum.r:a 1. vb., pf. bsdulm, ~ut.~ bedum, Imp."aum(,), Vb.ll. to cdum-pa, to make agree, to bring to an agreement,mi _m{(l7I· pa-I"tlaf!Ia things not ngroeinp;Sch., to reconcile, to conciliate, mi-mdzdba-nlamf enemies TIvJy.; adum-par byMp« id. ;ulum-byid (resp. mdzad), adtim(-pa)po, 3dum-m/{an, conCiliator, pacifier, peacemaker; Tt3 cl.'rtigt-pa"(1 ~bim-pa md,i-dubtjU,i-1io nt one time ~hey were at odds,at another they were nt peAce with oneanother T«r. - 2. sbst. house, mansion C.;yzim-Mlum (resp.) bed·room ; Idlm~ragardenoCtlr the house, cr. ldum-ra.~.:::.:::r $</ur-ba, pf. and fut. bt.dur, to com·~ pare, .go-adur byid-pa id' l v. go 2;"!farm kfur blfil-pa C. to compare differenttexts; ·t«m - dur· lV. judicial examination,trial.~~.~ ~':::~C· "aur - Un, 3dllf· MaN,~ ,~t:.j amber T3., for 3bw...lhl.~ .stk (&k. in compound words 'i'ln) part,

portion, of a whole, e.g. of a country,also yUl-ad~, province, district, territory, e\'enYillage C., fHht-we ~he }lllWCS or \-illngei of

'0

the Bonpu Glr.; ttk_'(tli_14 anylg_pa til

Aitn at lUI extension of territory fk"".;put of the lJumlUl race: nation, people, tribe,clan, community, fxi-rol-!Jyi Ilk .Jh-opa10 conquer ho~~ile nAlion¥; class, e.~. ofleuers: Ilhonetical c1all~; IJCk .a",. b[JIJ _bato divide into cll\884!l1 Gi.; cllISSCIl of book :mIlO - 3de the Satl"lls, Y. lull mdo; r!J!litduk the Tllntras, v. sub rY!llld; tbytJr-wbzi the four volumcil ttcAting of pharmMCYGlr.; ofnlonks: communi~y of monks, bodyof conventuals (consist.ing of not leu llJal1four persons); hence convent, monastery,3de buufP be founded convents Gir.; 'tillwe id.; clASS of religious followera, philoBOI,hicI'I1 school, kk bzi the four (principal)schools TaT.; Uw 3rin-fllJi uk brgyad, l4aJ.:bi-la Wgs-pai kie bl'glJad the eight c1l\Sll«!

of sl,irits, frq.; it is 31so used for a greatquantity, gre:l.t many, lots of; and by improper use, or by way of lI.bbre,·istion for1dC-pa, sde-dpon, commAnder, ruler.

Compo and deriv. ttle-d:6r GEr. district- 3d~l.ruga insurrection, gcnern.1 reTolt oftL people, byid - pa to excite one Ma. sdlNn&d )'fUm, fllfirz1li, 'the three baskets',,'ix. the three cllUlSes of the sacred Buddhist writings, cdWl-bai (discipline), mOO-kUi (SOtms), tlidgt-Iryi wle-sndd (Mantras,i.e. metAphysics and m)"~ticism), hence Kit3ndd-laab!Jdli-ba tostudy the sacred writingsMil. - ade-pa 1. the chief or governor ofIl. district C., - c!Jd -pa IV., majordomo ofthe Dalai L4mll., l\opp. 11.,13"; in a geneml.seosc: a man of quality. a nobleman M,•.2. a letter of a eerttLin phonetic c1A$8, ortile phonetic elasll itself, MIl - 1'" bH - puthe fourth phonetic class, the labials Gra",.So the word is also used for denoting acertain class or school of Buddhist philosopheTll, Tar., frq. - ~/p6te - ttU-pa 1,signifies also A clllss of demons lNM. w-fsdn class, e.g. phonetic class, - Mk;A particular kind of writing. tf6-ga-ri Idef~d" Gll'.; - sde-y:zur &11. lawless~u,

anarchy, ttk-yzul' "Ufl-fH' general aD.rell)" (\')_ kl#-yati. (spelling?) tturt, court.yard,- J.ya",.. - IMu'"?a dominion, territory,

296

w'* sde-ba

W

Glr. sde-snd 1. province, kingdom 6s. 2.

regent, administrator, in more recent times

title of the sde-pa of the Dalai Lama, and

the rulers of Bhotan. Kopp. II., 154.

sde-ba(?) W. *l'-ru de-ce med* there

is here no room any more.

sdeb (? debs) time, times,= Ian W.,

e.g. four times.

sdeb-pa, pf. bsdebs, fut. bsdeb, imp.

sdebs, ] . to mingle, mix, blend (pyoys)

ycig-tu together, Lex., cf. sbyir-ba. 2. to

join, unite, combine, drds-su sdvb-pa Mil,

by the context: sewed well together,-

but drds-su? Gen. vb.n. : to join, to unite,

dan with, also la, sems mig dan bsdebs-

nas Ita, rnd-ba dan bsdebs -nas nyan Mil.

the soul sees by joining the eye, it hears

by joining the ear; to join company, to

associate, to hold intercourse with, Mil. also

to have sexual intercourse Pth., cf. Odre-

ba, Ogrogs-pa, dzom-pa.-- 3. to prepare,

dress, get ready (victuals) Sch., cf. sbydr-ba. 4. to exchange, barter, truck for, *bdg-

pe dds-la* W. flour for rice; in this sense

prob. also used by Mil.-, to change, money,*nul deb sal* please change me a rupee

(not so in 6'.). 5. to make poetry, to

compose verses, at the end of poems : zes-

pa . . . kyis sdeb-pao the above verses have

been composed by . . .;=

sbyor-ba.

fcj'l&* sdeb-sbyor 1. composition, esp.^ ^ poetical, poetry, 2. yi-gei sdeb-

sbyor orthography Schr., 6s., Sch.

sder-ma, resp. ysol-sder, dish, platter,

plate, saucer; sdei^-gdn a plateful, a

dish (of meat etc.), esp. C.

sder(-mo) claw, talon, sder-kyuSch. id.

;sder - mo rno a sharp

claw; sder-can furnished with claws, sder-

med without claws; sder- dzin byed-pa to

seize with the claws 6s.; stag(-gi}-sder a

tiger's claw Lt.; sder-cdgs animals provided

with claws Mil.

Sdo-Kdm Sch. belonging together, a

pair(?).

sdo-ba, pf. (6)sc?os, fut. bsdo, imp.sdos (also do-ba q. v.) 1. to risk, hazard,

venture, gen.c. dan, also c. dat. or accus.,

sdod-pa

bddy-gi lus one's own body Dom.', lus srog

dan frq., lus dan srog-la Dzl. 2. to bear

up against, sdug-bsnal, nyon-mons-pa dan,

against heavy trials, against toil and drudgery

Dzl.', to bid defiance, to an enemy Dzl.,

also to behave with insolence, contemptuously

Dzl --3. lag-pas Dzl ??G,6(?).

sdon-po (C. vulg. *dum-po* 1. trunk,

stem, body of a tree Glr. 2. stalk,

of a plant, pddmai of a lotus; sdon-poKon-ston a hollow stalk Wdn.

; sdon-poi sde

the class of stalked plants 6s. 3. tree, also

sin-sddh(-po) frq. ;sin-sdon rkan-ycig a tree

of a single stem Glr.; sin-sdon Kon-rul a

tree rotten at the core; col. fig. barren,

of females, prob. jestingly. 4. block, log.

Comp. 6s. : sdar-sdon trunk of a walnut-

tree, sug-sdon stem of a juniper-tree; fsil-

sdon a tallow-candle; tfyags-sdon an icicle.

mcod-sddn (Sch. =mcod-rten), in a

botanical work it was explained by 'wick',

sdon-rds, which seems to be more to

the purpose, as a blossom is comparedwith it. sdon-rkdn v. sdon-rds. sdon-

dum stump of a tree, sdoh-dum fsig-pa the

burnt stump of a tree 6s. -- sdon-bu Cs.

\. a small trunk. 2. stalk. 3. wick. sdon-

rds, sdon-sin, sdon-rkdn C. a wick of cotton,

of wood, of pith; cotton wicks are used

esp. for sacred lamps.

sdon-ba, sdohs-pa (Sch.

also rddns-pa) pf. bsdons,

fut. bsdon, to unite, to join (in undertakings),

to enter into a confederacy, to associate one's

self with, c. dan (also accus.?); Kyod dan

na sdon-ste Ogro you and I, we will go

together; sdons-zla prob.=

zla-grdgs.

sdod-pa, pf. and fut. bsdad, resp.

bzes-pa, W.*ddd-ce'*, 1. to sit, frq.,

*sil-la dod* W. sit down in the shade! ddl-

bar sdod-pa to sit still Lt. -- 2. to stay,

to tarry, to abide, fog- mar der bsdad for

the present I will stay here yet a little

longer Mil ; nydl-nas bsdad- dug-pa to lie

down and to continue lying Mil; *do'-du

jug-pa* to receive hospitably, *mi Jug-

pa* to deny reception, to send away C.;

to Stop, to halt, in running, walking Dzl ;

296

Gir. - M!e-llrid 1. province, kingdom C•. 2. bddg-gi flU one's own body Dom.; flU frogregent, administrator, in more recent times da,; frq., Ius dan ,rdfJ-la D::l. - 2. 10 beartitle of the idlJ-pa of the Dalai Lamn, and up against, sdus-f;8nal, 1I!101l--1/l(M,~pa JUli,the rulers of Bbotan. Ki;pp. II., 1M. agll.instbeavytrials,ngainsttoilallddrudgery~.:::r ~(?) Iv' -r-ru d~e ma1~ tbere Dzl.; to bid defiance, to an enemy Dzl.,

IS here no room any more. "Iso 10 behave with insolence, contemptuously~.:::r adeb (1 ode~) time, times, - km W:, Dzl. - 3. ldg-p(U Dzl. ?X!,6(1').

e.g. four times. §!I::;''f sdOli-po (C. vulg. ·d(nll~· 1. trunk,~.:::j'·'r adeb-pa, pr. lJt.debt, fut. b&deb, imp. stem, body of a tree GIr. - 2. stalk,

1dehI, 1. to mingle, mix, blend CJ~!Jog8) of a plant, pddmai of a lotus; woli - fXJrCig-tu together, Lu., cr. sb!Jir-ba. - 2. to .Eoli-stOlj n hollow stalk Wd,i.; ,dOn-pm,dejoin, unite, combine,' drtU~ au uJib-pa Mil., the class of stalked plants (,8.-3. tree, alsoby the context: sewed wen together, _ Itili-wdil(-po) frq.; iiJi-BdQ1i rkali-ri:ig a treebut drds-sur - Gen. vL.n.: to join, to unite, of a single stem Glr.; iili4d6,j Eon-rill adali with, also la, u»u mig da,i lmi~- tree rotten a~ the core; col. fig. blU'ren,,laS lta, l-nd-ba dan usd&8-nat '1lyan Mil. of feroales, prob. jestingly. - 4. block, log.the soul sees by joining the eye, it bears Compo tA.: sdar-sdQ" trunk of a walnutby joining the ear; to join company, to tree, .ffig4d61i stem of a joniper-tree; (silassociate, to hold intereourse with, Nil.; also aoon a tallow-eandle; R.'1agJ-8doli an icicle.to have sexual intercourse Ptk, cf. odre- - mOOd-.don (Scll. -mi!oo-rten), in aha, ..grOga-pa, dz6m-pa. - 3. to prepare, botanical work it was explained by 'wick',dress, get ready (victoals) &h., cf. IIby6r- - .doli ~ rcia, which seems to be more to

ha. - 4. to exchange, barter, truck for, *bdg- the purpose, as a blossom is comparedpe (ids.la· W: 110ur for rice; in this sense with it. - .do'i-rkdn v. sOOIi-rJs. - ,dOliprob. also used by Mil.; to change, money, dum stump of a tree, fdOiI-dum (sig-pa the·nul deb sal- please change me a rupee burnt stump or a tree Ca. - ad6,j~bu Q.(not so in C.). - 5. to malle poetry, to 1. a small trunk. 2. stalk. 3. wick. - aOOilcompose verses, at the end of poems: Ma- rua, woil-Un, Mioli-rkJn C. a wick of cotton,pa .. . kyia Mi~b-pao the above verses have of wOQd, of pith; cotton wicks are usedbeen composed by ... ; -1Ibydr-ba. esp. for sacred IlLmps.if.:::rW"%:; alkb - wyQI' 1. composition, esp. ~t:;..::r ~t:;~r'r .dOn-ba, ,dOna -pa (&h.'\ eo poetical, poetry, - 2. yi-gei web-..... ,~. also rdOlu-pa) pf. badona,wylJr orthography &hr., 0., &h. fut. bW.DIi, to IInite, to join (in undertakings),~,,~, u1ir-ma, resp. rsd-adir, dish, platter, to enter into a confederacy, to associate one's

plate, saucer; 'der-gdn a plateful, a self with, c. dali (also aceus.¥); ryxl da,idish (of mentetc.), esp. C. ria addti-ate dP'" you and I, we will go~:t:(;r) 8db(;no) cla,w, lalon, adir-kyu together; sdQilf-zla prob. - zla-grdga.

&11. ld.; M1Jr-mo roo a sharp ~~"f addd-pa, pf. and fut. bldad, resp.claw; sder-l:an rurnished with claws, Iller- uzn-pa, lY. *dad-ct·, 1. to sit, frq.,mAl wilhout claws; alkr-odzi'" b#pa to ·ail-kl dod*'W: sit down in the shade! dOlseize with the claws Ca.; atag(-gi)-sder a bar ad6d~pa to sit still Lt. - 2. to stay,tiger's claw Lt.; ader-i!uf!8 animals provided to larry, to abide, (og - mar Ikr bsdad forwith clllWS Mil. the present I will slay here yet a little~~. sdo-Edm &11. belonging together, a longer Mil.; flydl-nas bsdad-odug-pa to lie

pair(?). down and to continue lying Mil.; *aft-du~'r adO-ha, pf. (b)wQI, fut. mao, imp. JUfj-pa· to receive b08llitably, *mi Jug'\ .sdo8(alsod6-baq.v.) l.torisk,hazard. pa. to deny reooption, to send a .....ayO.;venture, gen. c. dWi, also C. dat. Or aceu"., to atop, to hall, in running, walking Dzl.;

'y

J'.'T

xdom brda

to wait, re Ziy ma bmitf-jxir s<l<iil-cig wait

n lit tit- yet before beginning to kill Dzl.'

//-<// kyaii xt/<><l-j>(i/loii nH'd-jiar without

waiting even for a moment Gli:;Ld. : *ltv&-

te ddd-ce* to wait and see whether etc.;

*sdm-te ddd-ce* to wait for, hope for, to

look forward to, *gug-te ddd-ce* id.; mdo-

sde Odi Ofs6-zin sd6d-na as long as the au-

thority of this book is acknowledged Dorti.;

*zag daii kyir-kyir dad dug* W. (this thing)

always remains round (crooked), it will

not get straight. 3. to be at home, *de'

yo'* he is at home, *de> me 1 * he is not at

home 6'.; to live, reside, settle at B. and

col.; bka-sdod Lex., 6'.: l. attendant, waiting

servant, -.-. aid-de camp.sdom 1 . Lea;, and 6'. spider. 2. sum-

mary, contents, spii sdom l. table of

contents, index S.g. 2. general introductory

remarks, introduction, also sdom-fsig; sddm-

la summarily, to be brief, in short.

sdom-pa I. vb., pf. bsdams, bsdoms,

fut. bsdam, bsdom, imp. scfow(s),

W. *ddm-ce* 1. to bind, Icags-sgrdy-gis to

fetter 6s.; to bind or tie fast, to pinion; to

bind up, to dress, wounds. -- 2. to fasten,

to fix firmly, e.g. by a screw-vice;Kro-cus

by melted metal, i.e. to solder; so, to press,

grind, or strike the teeth together, to gnash,

as in anger Pth.\ to fasten securely, the

door Dzl., Pth;rted-Ka to close an opened

vein Med.', hence in general, 3. to stanch,

Stop, to cause to cease, rt&a-krdg so'r-ba the

bloody flux Med.; to bind, constrain, render

harmless, to neutralize, nyes-pa an evil Lex.,

Sch. 4 W. *Kab-sa dam dug* the shoe

pinches. 5. to make morally firm, to con-

firm, spyod-pa, one's conduct, to conform

it strictly to the moral law. 6. with or

without bdag-nyid, to bind one's self, to

engage 6's. -- 7. to add together, to cast or

sum up, rgyud bzi bsddms-pas leu W& all

the four Gyud together have 154 chapters;

yoris-su bsdus-pa-la taking all together Tar.

II. sbst.TO^ obligation, engagement, duty,

sdom-pa len-pa Glr., Odzin-pa t's., to enter

into an engagement, to bind one's self to

perform a certain duty, mi-la Ob6gs-pa to

bind a person by duty, by oath, to swear in

Glr. (e.g. in convents, in tin- relations of

priests and layman); *ntn-li t< le true to

one's duty, to keep one's engagements ; &ra duty is violated Glr.; iin-ln *d6m-pa mtdI have renounced my vow Glr. tdAm-

pa ysum, ace. to Glr. and other more recent

authors, are: so-far (v. *o-*6\ byaii-sems,

and ysan-s/'idys-kyi sdom-pa.

Comp. sdom -ltdn('f) neck -bell, bell at-

tached to the neck of cattle. ulom-byed1 one that binds, by duty etc. 2. an astringent

medicine 6s. --sdom-yzer rivet of a pair

of scissors or tongs Sch.

sd6m-bu Sch.: a ball; a round tassel.

- 2- sdor, rdar 1. (like oi/;ov) that

' which gives relish to food, sea-

soning, condiment, esp. fug-sdor that which

gives substance to soup, viz. meat; tsa-sddr

salt and meat. --2. spice, sd&r-gyi rkydl-

pa spice-bag S.g.; sd&r-fdl spice -powderSch.

jx-brda (^%?f) sign, i.e. 1. gesture, cdfft-

' pa Odod-pai brda man - du bstdn - na&

making many wanton gestures (or giving

hints, intimations v. 2), Idg-brda signs with

the hand, saiis-rgyds la ys6l-cig ces Idg-brda

byas they beckoned to him to ask Buddha

Dzl.; *mig-da tdn-ce* W. to give a hint

with the eye, to wink. 2. indication, in-

timation, symptom, token, mi-rtdg Ogyur-bai

brdao it is an indication of their frail con-

dition Thgy.', symbol 7Wt., brdar as a symbol,

symbolically ;de gan yin Odri-bai brda ston-

pa to ask for a thing by symbolic signs,

in symbolic language Glr.; brda *pr6d-pa^

Opr6d-pa, sby6r-ba, Ogrol-ba to explain, de-

scribe, represent, with accus., and prob. also

with genit. : yin-lugs-kyi brda Ogrol-ba Mil.

to explain the essence or nature of things

(ni f.) ;meton. dei brda ci lags what may

be the symbolical meaning of it Mil. -

3. word, Ob6d-pai brda interjection Lii.;

Odul-baibrda word out of the Dulwa '/Mm. ;

dris-pai brda-rnyin an obsolete word for

'being asked', LA*-.; brdd-sgyur- pa Sch.

interpreter, dragoman Sch.; brdai bld-ma is

to wait, ,·t zig lIIa bffid_par Iddd-Hg w",itA little yet liefol'e beginning to kill Dzl.;d'(id-i:ig ~'!JaJj .dtJd-pai loti 7II"d-!)(/.r withoutwaiting even fur Il. mOlDcut Glr.; 1..(1 ; <>It&Ju ddd-~t· to w",it "nd see wbetllCr etc.;·.am-tt clJd-i:t" to wait f(lr, hope for, tolook fonnud to, <>gu[J~tt ddd-n- id.; 1ndQ.

.dt "di ,,(II6-:i,; addd-na as long US the authority of this hook is acknowledged J)om.;<>zag dal' Iryir-J.yir dad dllg· IV: (tllis tiling)alw"ys remains round (crooked), it willnot get strnight. - 3. to be at home, ·dt'yg'. he is at home, .d!;' 'II~'. he is not ,,'thome C.; to live, reside, settle at n. andcol.; bka-addd uor., C.: I. attendant, waitingservant, 2. aid·de camp.~&:l' $dam 1. Lt~. nnd C. spider. - 2. slim-

mary, contents, 'pii ado1n l. table 01contents, index S1/. 2. general introductoryremarks, introduction, also adom-fsig; tc!OIll'/a summarily, to be brief, in short~&:l"r adom-pa I. vb., pf. bsdanu, baclonu,

fut. b8dam, badttm, imp. adom(.),W. ·ddm-i:t<> I. to bind, icagHgrO!J-fJia tofetter c..; to bind or tie last, to pinion; tobind up, to dress, wouods. - 2. to fasten,to fix firmly, e.g. by Il. sexew-vice; fro-cu'by melted metal, i.e. to solder; $0, to press,grind, or strike the teeth together, to gnash,as in anger Pth.; to fasten securely, thedoor Dzl., Ptk; rUti-fa to close an openedvein Mtd.; bence in genernl, 3. to stanch,stop, to cause to cease, rtaa-~'rd9 Jdr-ba thebloody flux M«1.; to bind, constrain, renderharmless, to neutralize, 1lyh-pa an evil Lu.,Sch. - 4. W: <>J.ftib.Ja dam dug<> the shoepinches. - 5. to make mor"lly firm, 10 confirm, .pyM._pa, one's condu<:~ to conformit strictly to tlte moral Ill.w. - 6. with orwithout bdag - nyid, to bind one's self, toengage U. - 7. to add together, to cast orsum up, rgyud b:Zi hadOrlU-ptJ' ieu 1"'::;; allthe four Gyud together have ]54 chapters;yofiNu WJ.us-pa-la tnking all together Tar.

U. sbst. WAn: obligation, engagement,duty,adom-pa lhr-pa Gir., odzi~pa c.., to enterinto an engagement, to ltind one's self toIlerform. II certain duty, 1/1(..fa oWga-po. to

""bind a person by duty, by oatil, to swear InGir. (e.g. in oolivenLi, in the relAtion. orpriests llnd layml'n); ."'ir.-&t to he true toone', duty, to lceell one'. engllgemenu;.ro,.II. duty is violllted Gfr.; IM-ia tddm_pu 'nib.!J h'''''e renounced my vuw Gir. - «Mmpo. rmlll, IlCC. to Gir. llnd otlier IIlorc r«entauthors, arc: w-fd.. (Y. 10-.0), b!JU;' _thiN,nnd raan-a/iu!JI-J.'9i M.lom.pll.

Compo tdolll-lt<:M(?) neCk-bell, bell at.taellcd to the neck of cattle. _ wlom.JJyidlone that binds, by duty etc. 2. an astringentmedicine Ca. - M.loIII- rzir rivet of a pairof scissors or tongs &/i.

~&:l'e' ad6m-lJu &1.. ; a ball; a round tassel.

~.:;,- ~: M.lor, roar 1. (like ;;IjJflv) tlult'1 which gi\'es ~lish to food, sea

soning, condiment, esp. fwg4dtJr thntwruchgives substance to soujl, viz. meat; faa-td«salt ll.Od menlo - 2. spice, Iddr-yyi rJ.yulpa spice-hag S.g.; $dor.fdl spice-powderSell. -.q;' /wda (m) sign, i.e. 1. gestllre, lUg••

i pa .ddd-pai brda '111(;,; • •1" betd,. _HlU

making mnny wanton gestures (or gi\'inghints, intimations v. 2), lag.JJrda lligos withtlte hand, ,a';$_rgyU' ia raol-rig en Mg-Im/abyaa they beckoned to him to ask BuddhlloDzl.; <>1TIig.da tdn - Ct<> W: to give a hintwltli tbe eye, to wink. - 2. indication, intimation, symptom, token, ?Ilj-rtdg .f!!Iur-&.ibrdao it is nn indiCAtion of tbeir fmil condition T1Igy.; symbol Ptlt., brdar liS n s)'mbol,symbolically; dt ga,; yin .dri.ooi brda .tO~

pa to I\Sk for ft tbing by sJIDoolic !igns,in symbolic language Gir.; brda .prdd-pa,"frOd-pa, .byOr-ba, o!!rol·ba to explain, describe, represent, ....ith accu., Illid prob. a1:l0with genit.: yill..fll[j.-kyi brda "gr6l-ba Mil.to explMD tIle C6senoo or nature of things(ni f.); meton. dti brda (oi 1"9' 'I\'hat maybe tbe symholical mCl\.Ding of it Mil. 3. word, obOd - pai brdfl interjection /.a.;odM-bai brda word out of the Oul,.,·" YAm.;dds-pm brda-rnyili IlD obsolete word for'helng l\Sked'. Lu.; brc1J - f[J!fItr- J16 &It.interpreter, dragoman &It.; bn.fai Md..",a i.

298"

brda na

stated to be a Lama who instructs by word

of mouth Mil.; esp. with regard to the spell-

ing of words: brda yan mi Odra sna-tsogs

gyur there came also into use various spell-

ings Zam.;brda -

rnyin old orthography,

brda-ysdr new orthography Zam.; bud-kyi

brdai bstan-bcos title of the Zamatog ; fsiy-

brda = fsig, t'sig-brda-yis Ogrol-ba to explain

by words Mil.

Comp. brdd-skad language by symbolical

signs Mil.] prob. also nothing but the usual

language by words Glr. brda-cdd (prob.

for Ocad, from Ocdd-pa II.), me-lon-gi brda-

cdd the language or evidence of the mirror;

so prob. also Tar. 210, 22. brda-sprod,

brda-sby6r 1. explanation, min-dnn brda-

sprod explanation of the import of names,

title of a small Materia Medica by a cer-

tain \Vairocana. 2. orthography GVara., Pth.

brda - Ion Mil. is said to be =fsig-

lan, verbal answer. brda-lags 'insignis',

ace. to 6s. in Journ. As. Soc. Beny. V. 384.

brdul-ba \ . Lex. w.e.;Sch. to de-

ceive, to cheat. 2. Sch. to swing,

brandish, flourish, yydb-mo a fly-flap.

brdog- cos-pa to slip, to slide,

to lose one's footing.

nsJX'rr bsddr-ba, Sch. : mdun-du bsddr-ba

to hope, to expect or wait for a

favour. In Dzl. 9^L-> 18 the better reading

(accordant with the manuscript of Kyelang)is sdur (= sdu-bar}.

bsdogs-pa ;the Lexx. add : grabs,

C's. to compose, prepare, make

ready, nyer bsdogs-pa id.; ma-t'dg bsdogs-

pa to wind the rope, which is fastened in

the nose of an ox or a camel, round the

horns or the neck of the animal.

<3J na 1. the letter n. 2. num. figure: 12.

y- na meadow, C. also nd-ma;war s&z/e it

'

grows on meadows, Wdfi. and elsewh.

(cf. neu).

r' na I. sbst. 1. year (?) v. nd-nin. 2. stage'

of life, age, also na-fsod, and nd-so, resp.

sku-nd (also s&w-was?); na-fsod rgds -pasWdn. old, of an advanced age; nd-so yzon-

te Glr. young; sku-nds prd-mo Mil. of a

tender age ; na-fsod-kyi dbye- ba the dif-

ferent ages or stages of life; (sku-} ndr-

son-pa (Sch. grown old ?) Glr. : of full age,

adult, grown up; *nd-so-tsir-la* W. accord-

ing to age ;na - cun girl, maiden, virgin,

na - cun bzdn - mo bcu ten beautiful girls

Dzl.; na-mnydm, -

Odrd, -zld, neu-lddn Lex.

of the same age, coetaneous; *nd-da-tom-

mo* C. a festivity given by wealthy parents

on their son's birthday to him and his play-

mates, also *lo-da-tom-mo*; na-prd young,

tender; na-yzon yzon - nu. II. postp. c.

accus., signifying the place where a thing

is, 1. added to substantives, in, (more ac-

curately ndn-na c. genit.), sometimes also

to be rendered by on, at, with, to etc. mdo-

na in scripture, lo-rgyus-na in a book of

history Glr.;de-na there, in that place;

of time: dus-ycig-na at the same time, dei

fse-na at that time, then etc. 2. added

to verbs, either to the inf., or more frq.

(col. always) to the verbal root: in, at,

during (the doing or happening of a thing),

hence a. when, at the time of, bos-na when

I called Dzl., zer-ba-na when he said Tar.]

bddg-gipa fse pos-na when my father shall

have died Dzl.; with nam: nam dus-la bdb-

na ( W. *dus leb-na*) when the time comes,

298

stated to be a Lama who instructs by wordof mouth Mil. j e~p. willi regard to the spelling of words: In-da Yal' 1IIi odra flla-(3Of/8g!JUf there came also into U$e vtll'iouil flpellings Zam.j brda - f'7lyin old ortllOgrallh}',orela-ysdr new orthogrupliy ham.; bUd-~yi

brdai baron-6M3 title of the Zamatog; "igbraa = "'g, (slg-brda-yis o9rol-ba to explainby words Alil.

Compo brd4-sJ.:ad language by symbolicalsigns ,Mil.; rrob. also notlling but the usuallanguage by words Glr. - wda-rod (prob.for ocad, from ocdd-pa If.), me-wli-gi urdaldd the llUlguage or eviden~eof tbe mirror;so prol>. also Tar. 210,22. - brdrHprdd,brda-wydl' I. explanation, tmn - drin brda.sprQd explanation of the import of names,title of a small Mnterin Medica by a certain Wairocana. 2. orthography Gram., l'th.

OJ' na

- brda - l<m Mil. is said to be _ fsigwn, verbal answer. - brda.lags 'insignis',ace, to (.8. in J(JUrIt. As. Soc. Bellrl. V. 384...q;z:r..p:r b.Y.1ul-ba J. uJ:, w.e.; Se!l. to de-~ ceive, to cheal 2. &h. to swing,

brandish, flourish, yydb-mo a fly.flap.

'::i~~'~"'f.q brdog-"Cos.pa to slip, to slide,1 to lose one's footing.

..q~~.::r bsddr-Oa, Sell.; mdun-du bsdar-ba"\ to hope, to expect or wait for a

favour. In Dzl. J~.L, 18 the better reading(accordant with the manuscript of Kyelang)is .aur (- sdu-Oar)..q~:fj~".r bsd6g$-pa; the 1..A!.rJ:. add; !//'(.w.,

.c:::- Os. to compose, prepare, makeready, nJP bsd6gs-pa id.; 'Ila-fag b3dtlg5pa to wind the rope, which is fastelled inthe nose of an ox or a ca.mel, found thehorns or the neck of the animal

~ nu 1. the letter n. - 2. Dum. figure: 12.

~ lIa meadow, C, also na-ma; nar sk!Je itArow~ on meadows, 'O'd,i, and elsell'h.

(c£. 1U'U).~ na I. sbst. l. year('?) v. na-mi,i. - 2.stage

of life, age, also na-fsdd, Illld nd-M, rcsp.d:u-na (also sku-na.1); 71a·fWd rgds - pasll'd,i. old, of an ad\'anced age; lId-w rZ6l1I.e Glr. young; &ku-mi& pra-mo Mil. of atender age; na-f3iJd.kgi dh!l~ - ba the dif·ferent ages or stages of life; (d:u-) nar·S()1l-pa (&". grown old?) Glr.; of full age,adult, grown up; sna-.o-tsir-las W. according to age; na _ ~uil girl, maiden, virgin,na - ~U1i bzdli - mo bi:u wn beautiful girlsDzl.; na.mnyum, -odrd, -=ld, neu-lddti LeJ:.of the same age, coetaneolls; sfla-da-tgm.moS C. a festivity given by wealth)' parents

':I

on their son'8 birthday to him and his fllay·males, also -ld-da-tllm-m()-; tu.J,.l".a young,tender; na-r....dn = )'Mn - flU. n. postp. c.accus., siRtli(ying the place wllere a thingis, 1. added to substanth'es, in, (more accurately nwi""la e, genit), sometimes alsoto be rendered by on, at, with, to etc. mddno. in scriptur<', w-I'f/yits-na in a.l.Jook ofhistofy Glr.; de _na there, in that place;of time: dus-yCifJ""la at tbe same time, dei(se-no. at thll', time, then etc. - ~. nddedto verbs, eitber to the illf., or more frq.(col. always) to the verbal root: in, at,during (the doing .or IHippening of a thing),hence a, when, at the time of, bOt-na whenI called Dzl., ur-ba-na ",hell he said Tar. ;{)(](ig-fli p'a t3e [i48-na ",hen my father shallhave died Dzl.; with nam; nam d,j.·!a. bahna (\v. sdus 1&-00-) when the time comes,

o

Illl na- fat a

frq. ;nam Ogr6-na when I (you etc.) go,

PB0 going, shall go. b. If, in case, sup-

posing that (-'), the different degrees of

[(.ssihility, however, cannot be so precisely

expressed by the mood in Tibetan, a> in

other langua^'s: with or without a preced-

ing gdl-ti>, i-i-ste etc. (cf. the remarks sub

</// II.) ;. . . ma mfdn na . . . mi rtogs-par

dug if we had not seen . . ., we should not

have known . . . Mil.;but in most cases also

the vb., to which it is subordinate, is put

in the gerund: Odi byds-na brdm-ze ma yin-

pas as I should be no longer a Brahmin,if I were to do that Dzl.

;further : if even . .

.,

how much the more . . .! in asseverations:

if . ..,

then indeed may . . .! then I would

that . . . ! it is well, that . ..,

it will be well,

if . ..,na legs-so frq.; if legs -so is ellipti-

cally omitted, na answers to: that! would

that! also: I will; in an interrogative sen-

tence, viz. 'leys-sam' being omitted, to: must

I? shall I? Mil.: cos byds-na snyam (whenwe are with you) we think, we will be

pious! jig-rUn byds-na snyam (when wehave come home) \ve think, let us take

care of temporal things! ci drdg-na (better

ci byds-na drag) what shall we consider

the most advantageous? c. of a more

general signification; as, since, whilst, by

(with the partic. pres.),= te or pas Dzl.

frq., dug zos-na yah even by eating poi-

sonous-things (he was not hurt) '$&', 3;

na is used thus, however, only in con-

junction with yari, and dug z6s-na yaii is

the more popular phrase for dug zoski/<t/'t

In careless speaking or writing na is also

used for ce-na Thgy. frq. 3. pleon. added

to the termination of the instr. of substan-

tives and verbs: rgyu des-na for that reason,

therefore, cii rgyus-na for what reason, why,

wherefore Sty.; d6-bas-na hence, thus, so

then, accordingly, very frq.; /cur- bos -na

because they carried Glr.; also added to

the termination of the terrain. : ji-ltar-na

frq. ; ycig-tu-na, ynyis- su- na, in the first

place, firstly etc. Dzl.; sldd-du-na D:/.:

rgya-ydr skdd-du-na Tltgy. 4. incorr. for

nas, col. frq.; its being used for the termin.

i- very questionable, and the rare instances

>f this use in I.....K, may be regarded Merrors in writing (e.g. l);l. 4&C, 17 ndn-

iiu si,,'/ inst. of nan-dti), whereat* the con-

traiy, du for na, occurs frq.. and is to be

considered as sanctioned.

III. oonj. and, Hal (?)- IV. v. nd-Ka,

nd-ba

nd-Ka, = *p(u'<, greensward, turf.

na-ga, Ssfc. for klu.

'

na-ga-n Sanskrit, Sanskrit-letters.

na-gi Sch. 1. being ill(?)- 2. the claws

of a sea-monster (?).

ml-ge-sar Lt. = Hindi, for l|J|<fr-

o^'

^r^, Mesua ferrea.

fi(i- )a W. mock - suns and similar

phenomena, v. na-bun.

nd-niii (6s.: 'for na->iiyin) the last

year; gen. adv. last year; nd-nin-gi

adj. of last year or last year's (crop).

nd-ba 1. to be ill, sick: inf. also the

state of being ill, illness, sickness, nd-

ba yso- ba to cure it Lt.

} though nod is

more in use; partic. : a sick person, patient,

nd-ba dan Oci-ba disease and death; skye

rga na ci v. skye-ba I., rgds-pa dan nd-ba

old and sick people ;mi-nd-ba ynds-pa to

remain in health S.g.\ nd-ba-pa, nd-ba-nta

Cs. a sick person, an invalid (male and

female); nd-mo a female patient Mil.; nd-

ba-mh'an a sickly person, an invalid '

nd-ba-can sickly, na-ba-msd healthy'

na -fog after falling ill Sch. - - 2. of the

separate parts of the body: to ache, nid-

ba (not -bai) nd-ba pain in the ear, ear-

ache; lus tarns -cdd na (my) whole bodyaches Dom.\ so nd-na having the tooth-

ache; ndn-na na it aches, when pressed

(with the fingers) S.g.; Had -pa nti-ba-la

(good) for the headache, for diseases of

the brain; na- prh'i complication of diseases

or fits Sch.; na-(ba dan)ztofcrnu\ no-Ad

disease and pain

comes on ; byin- rlabs -

kyi prob. a

cloud, a flood, of blessing MiL

~. nil

ff(H nam o!f'"d-na wilen I (you ete.) go,was going, shnl! go. - It. ii, in case, supposing that (tar), Ibe different degrees nfI,ossiltility, 1Iow(wer, ennnot be so' prceiselyexpressed by tile mood ill Tibetan, II;; illother Ilmgu"S'I'~; with or without 1\ preced.ing 9til-t~, 8-,r~ etc. (cf. the remllrks subgQli 11.); ... mo mfo" na mi rt6!JI-1'Ordug if we IUld not seen , we should DOthllve known ... ;.\IiI.; but in most CllSl'S alsothe vb., to wbicll it is subordinate, is putin tbe g{'ruud; odi bydJ-'la brdm-::~ ma yin_1'os as I should be no 10nRer a Bm!lmin,if I were to do tbnt D::l.; further: if even ...,IlOw much the more ... l in asse"erntions:if , then indeed may J then I wouldthnt ! it is well, that , it will be well,if , 110 UgNo.frq.; if l!gs-so is ellillti-caU"~ omitted, no nnswers to; 0 that! wouldthat! n1so; I will; in an interrogntive sentence, viz. 'ligs-lam' being omitted, to: mustI? shall I? ;.\lit.: ro. oydS-'llo sllyam (wilenwe nrc with you) we think, we will bupious! Jig-.rtAn oyds-na 87lyam (wben wehave coniC home) we tl.ink, let us tokecare of temporal things! l:i d,.dg-no (bettern bydJ-na dray) whnt shall we considerthe most ad\'antngeous? - c. of a moregenernl signification: as, since, whilst, by(with the pnrtic. pres.), _ te or peu D::I.frq., dug .::dlI·no Yal' e"en by eating poisonous·tbings (he WM Dot burt) ~, 3;na is used tbus, however, onl)' in con·junction with yo,;, Rnd dug ::dlI-na yo,i isthe more popular phrase for (lug ::05 k,lJaNIn Cllrele8s speaking or writing ria is alsoused for U-,m TI.gy. irq. - 3. picon. addedto the termination of the instr. of substaJl'th'es and verbs: rgyu dh-na for thatreason,therefore, Cii rgyus-na for what reason, why,wherefore Stg.; di-oas-na hence, thus, sothen, accordingly, very frq.; ~ilr - bas - riO

bectluse they cllrricd G1I·.; nlso added to

the t.erOlinntion of the termin.: ji-ltar-,wirq.; rUg~tu.--no, ynyis. su - na, in the firstplace, firstly etc. D::l.; sldd - du - lla D::I.;rgyo-gar dad-du_no Thgy. - 4. iocorr. furno., col. frq.; its being used for the termin.

ed

is \'~ry questionable, lind the fllre inltallCell(If this use ill book~ lOlly he r~td ..errors in \\ riting (c.g. IJ::I. (~O, 11 utili1111 I07i inst. ofrul,;.f!u), ""here"l the rontraly. du for n(l, OCCtiN frq., and ill to becouiidercd as Sllllctiolled.

III. cOllj. and, /lul (?) - IV. Y. ?la-la,nd-ba

~'F' nd_Iio, - lpaN, greensward, turf.

Ci'~ nd-ga, Sst for J.:lu.

'"Ci·.:q·~· nu-ya-ri Sanskrit, Sanskrit-letters.

'"~'a,' na-gi &/1. 1. being iII(?). 2. the clawlof a sea·monster(?).

Ci·~·~~ n'l-ge-sar IA. _Hindi, for "I'fJllI-r; ~, :Mesun ferrell..,Q.,e.a.' na-Ja W. mock· suns lind similar

Ilhenomeol\, v.71a-br'n.~'~i:: nd-ni'i (u.: 'for na-7'71yi,,') the last

year; gen. MV. last year; 1td.ni,j-gindj. of last year or last year's (crop)..,:;r nd'oa 1. to be ill, sick; inf. lliso the

state of being ill, illness, sickness. rldlIa r.o ~ ba to curo it IA-, though Ilad ismore in usc; pnrtic.: l\ sick person, patien~

nd-ba dmi oCi-bo disensc Rnd delllh; J..~

rfJa naon \'. sJ..'!ji-ba 1, rgli3.pa dill; mJ-ba

old nnd sick: pt'ople; tIli-1ld-bo yllfu,pa to

I'cmnin in health S.g.; 7Id-oo-pa, nti-ba-mac,. II sick person, all illl'niid (mille flUdfemale); Jla-mQ 1\ femllie pllliellt .I1il.; na

bo-mf/UI a sickly person, nn invalid (i.;mi-lm-toll sickly, 1I0-ba~1It1 hCllllhy u.;'ill· fdg after falling ill &1•. - "1. of thescpllrate v"rts of the bOtl)': to ache, Nll;_

ba (not -btli) lI/i-ba pain in the ~Ilr, urnche; lzu falill' tall 710 (my) whole bodynches Dam.; so IU; - no Illlving Ihe toothaelle; ndn_na 110 it Ilche~, WbCll preo;sed(with the fingeN) S.g.; Had-po "l;-ba-la(good) for thc hel\dache, for disellSC'li oCthc brain; na-01'JNlit complication of di&easellor fits &/1.; na-~bo dmi):u!7C-r"l'). lM-hddiscll$e lind p',in.;;:•.:t;:. Ita - bt;n fog, thick mist, fiN, i!yi'IN-l,n comes on; byill-lialJ,-kyi prob.•cloud, II flood, of IJle~sillg Mil.

300

na-ma

r nd-ma ].\.na I. 2. also nd-mo('*fr{f^\

praise, glory, adoration, na-mo gu-ru

praise to the teacher!

nd-ma Ssk. = zes byd-ba SO called, frq.

in titles of books.

nd-bza (*nd -za*, vulg. *ndb -

za,

ndm -za*) resp. for gos, garment,

dress, frq.; ysol-ba to put it on.

y-ny- na-un obs. or vulg. for na-bun, old

|NO '

edition of Mil.

na-rag, Ssk."STTî,

ne"'

na-rdm medicinal herb, Med.; in

Lh. Polygon, viviparum.

'"^'Tj'oj- na-ri-ke-la Ssk. cocoa-nut.

r'' nd-re, by form and position an adv.,

like Odi-skad-du; before words or sen-

tences that are quoted literally, mostly fol-

lowed by smrds-nas, zer-ba-la, but not

always, in which latter case it stands for

'he says, he said' etc., the noun being always

put in the nom. case, never in the instr.:

Opags-pa na-re the Reverend said; rarely

in accessory sentences : gdl-te yzdn-dag nd-

re (not nd-re-na) si forte alii dixerint Wdn.;

even without gdl-te in the same sense Thgy.It hardly occurs in old classical literature,

nor in the col. language of W., but pretty

frq. in later literature. In Kun., however,there exists a vb. nd - cas (*nd - cd*\ pf.

nas (*w*), imp. nos (*no*~) which is used

for zer-ba (not in use there), and is con-

strued with the instr. : a-pa-su nd son the

father has said.

<3\A* nd-ro the sign for the vowel 0, -^.

nd-ro n. of a holy Lama Mil.', na-ro-

pa Tar. 181, 10 id.? nd-roi sems- dzin-

gyi Icags-fdg a sort of puzzle.* na-landa Pth. nd-len-draWdk.,n. of

\ a monastery in Magadha.nd - li bowl, basin, an iron or china

dish W.

na~ê~â9 L*t., sal S.g.,= si-kru

Wdn. (t^J?) n. of an acrid me-

dicine.

nag (blackness?) crime, offence, trans-

gression. v. ndg-pa comp. ; nag-ku-be-ra v. ku-be-ra.

a, sen - "fy-po, black,

ber pyi ndg-pa nail dkdr-

ba a garment outside black, inside white

Glr.; *ndg-po ma ku* do not blacken it,

do not soil it! of the countenance dark,

frowning, gloomy, mournful Glr.; mi nag (-po

or-pa) a black one, a layman, (on account

of his not being clad in a red or yellowclerical garb) ; ndg-po n. p. Krishna Tar.,

ndg-po cen-po *{%|tfrH Siwa; nag - mo1. a black woman, 2. Kali, Uma; ndg-moi-

Jbans or Kol Kalidasa. 3. woman, in ge-

neral Sch. --nag- gros, ndg-po Ogro -sds

'easy to be understood' Sch.; ace. to our

Lama from Tashilunpo ndg-po Ogro-bser

implies : illustrating a sentence by compar-

ing it with similar passages; nag-can l.a

person guilty of a crime Sch.; mi ndg-candon-nas far -pa a criminal released from

prison Mil. 2. a married man Sch. nag-

cdgs black-cattle, horned cattle Sch.; v. also

yndg-pa.--

ndg-cu n. of a river north

of Lhasa, Hue II, 238; ndg-cu-Ka-pa people

living on its banks, notorious for their

thievish propensities. nag-cen, nag-nyes C.

a heinous crime. nag-fum, nag-fom, Sch.,

nay-sin-ba Thgy., nag-hur-re Sch., coal-

black, jet-black. nag -nog (-can) dirty,

dingy; not clear, as bad print; fig. stained,

polluted, with sin, guilt, sems. nag-pyogsv. pyogs. nag(j-ma)~fsur a black mineral

colour, Sch: green vitriol (?). nag-tsig a

point, dot, W. nag-zug (?) darkness, nag-

zug-la snom-bzin son he groped about in

the dark.

ndg-sa Sch.: linden -tree, lime-tree

(hardly to be found in Tibet; the

word perhaps introduced from Mongol dic-

tionaries).

<3W($T) ndgs (~ma Glr-)B

->C

->W

-> forest '

rtsi-sin-nags-kyis mdzes beauti-

fied by forests, richly wooded Glr.; Ofug-

po dense forest; nags-Krnd a thicket Glr.;

nags-can woody, covered with forests; nags-

Ijons woodland country, a well-wooded pro-

vince; nags-sbdl Lt. tree-frog (?) ; nags-fsdl

=nags, nydm-iia-ba a dreadful forest Dzl.

;

yid-du-^.oh-ba a lovely wood Sambh.; nags-

(f)seb an intersected forest, v. (f)seb.

300~~. na-ma

~~. na-m« 1. v. na 1 2.also nd.mo(~),praise, glory, adoration, naoma gu-ru

praise to the teacher!~.~. 1I(i'711« &1:. - u.. b!ld-ba so called, frq.t:l" in titles of books.~'.q~' nd-bw rnd - ttl', vulg. ·ndb - Z«,

nJm - zu·) resp. for fIM, garment.dress, Ceq.; j36[.bo to put it 00.

,{"Il,{" na·Un obs. or vulg. {or na-ln'tn, old"hn edition of Mil.

~~. na,.rag, Ssk. If{'li, hell.

~~. no-ram medicinal llcrh, Med.; inLh. Polygon. vh·iparum.

~~'Rj~' na-ri·ke-la &1:. cocoa-nul"-~'i:.' mi.re, by form lUId position nn adY"

like odi·8kad-du; before words or sen·tences that are quoted liwrully, MOSUy followed by smrdt-nal, zir - btl - la, hut notalways, in which latter case it stands for'he says, he said' ere., the noun being alwaysput in the nom. case, never in the instr.:opags-pa '1la_re the Reverend said; rarelyin accessory sentences: gdl.te ),zdn~dag nd~

re (not nd.re-na) si forte alii dixerintWaf;.;eVeD witbout gdl-te in tbe same sense TI'gy.It hardly occurs in old cJassicallite,ature,nor in the col. llUlguage of W, but pretty£rll. in later litcrature. In Kun., howe\'er,there exists a vb. nd ~ ca~ (-nu ~ ca+), pc.nat (-11(1-), lmp. 1IOS (-1I(j-) which is usedfor zb..ba (not in use there), and is constroed with the instr.: a.pa4u rni son thefather has said.

Oi'i(- nd·ro tbe sign for the vowel 0, _.

~'2(-M-1'O n. of a holy Lama ftlil. j nlJ.ror:.. pa Tar. lSI, lOid.? nA-roj~ems~odzin.

!!!Ii lCafis.fdy a sort of puzzle,~'~Oi' na-landa Pth. nIi~len-dra lVdk., n. of

~ a monastery in Magndha...t-&:t nu ~ Ii bowl, basin, an iron or china-, dish W.

~'or--9::tf na-k-8og Lt., jal S.g., - ii-kroWdn. (f'l'!?) n. of an acrid me·

dicine.~ fUJg (blackness?) crime, offence, trans·

gression, v. nag-pa comp.; nag~ku-k.

Ta v. ku-be-ra, /g

'fl'r"r ~2f nag-pa, gen. nag-po, black,, bel' P!Ji. nag~pa nali dkdr-

La a garment outside black, inside whiteGI,..; -mlg.po 'ma Au- do not blackcn it,do lIot soil it! of the countenance dark,frowning, gloomy, mournful Glr.; mi nag(~poor_pa) II black one, Ito layman, (on accountof his not being clad in a red or yellowclerical gllrb); nug-po n. p. Krishna Tar.,ndg.po lin· po _ i1,i.i@ Siwa; nag - moI. a black woman, 2. Kali, Urna; 1Iag-nl(}iobo,;s or '.'ol KohdfiSa. - 3. woman, ill general Seh. - nog-o!fl'tJs, nag-po ogTO· Us'easy to be understood' &h.j ucc. to ourLama from Tashilunpo 1I/Jg~po 09TO ~ bibimplies: illustrating a scntence by comparing it with similar passuges; tuig~~a1t l. aperson guilty of a crime Sdl.; mi nJ9-~an

d(I,i-na& far - pa a criminal releo.sed fromprison MiL 2. a married man Sell. - nag'ldgs black-caRIe, horned cattle &h.; v. alsorn'i£J-pa. - ndg~Cu n, of a river northofLhn.sllo,llw: II, 238; na[}-C'u.lla-pa peopleliving on its banks, notorious for theirthievish propensities. -nag-len, nag-nyl~C.a heinous crime. - nag~(iufl, nag-Mm, Sell.,nag-s(,j~ba Tl'9Y., nOf/-llU,..rl &11., coalblack, jet-black. - nag - ndg (~~an) dirty,dingy; not clear, as bllod print; fig. stained,polluted, with sin, guilt, sem8, - nag.p~

v. PYO$s. -1Iog(-'IIla)-(sur a black mineralcolour, &h.; green vitriol(?). -llag~(sjg apoint, dot, w: - nag-zl<g (?) daMmen, 1Iag·zilg-Ia smlm~b!;in SOli he groped about inthe dark.'f]'"'9' nkJ-¥a &h.; linden ·tree, lime - tree

(hardly to be found in Tibet; theword perhaps introduced from Mongol dietionuries).~~(~') 1ul[p (-ma Glr,)B., C" lV., forest,

rtsWi,i-na[p-/;yis md::es beauti·lied by forests, richly wooded GIr.; 0(1<[1

po densc forest; lIOf/s-J.'rlid a thicket Gil',;lIdgs~all woody, covered with forests; nag,..Q&lis woodland country, a well-wooded province; nags-sbdl Lt. tree-frog(?); nogs-fsal= 1I0gS, nyam-,ia-ba a dreadful forest DzL;yid-du...on.·ba a IO\'ely wood Sambh.; 1I0fl1·(y),....b o.n intersected forest;v:""(r)ub.

nan nan

( j-.nan I. the space within a thing, 1. the

interior, the inside, fn'i<i-pai nan kun

the whole interior of the cavern Mil.',yz6h-

l>ai, du/i-i/i naii the interior of a basin, of

:i pit (e.g. being filled up) Dzl ; Kdii-pai

pyag-ddr byed-pa to sweep the inside

of a house Dzl. - - 2. space, room, apart-

ment, chamber col. 3. dwelling, domicile,

house, esp. C. 4. ineton inmates, family,

household, *nan fsari* W. the whole family.- 5. the interior (spiritually), heart, mind,

soul, ye-ses ndn-na sar wisdom begins to

shine in the mind; zcn- dzin nan-nas Ogrol

affection, interest, disappears from the heart

Glr. 6. sometimes adv. for ndn-na.

II. ndn-gi, genit., used 1. as an adj.:

inner, inward, esoteric (opp. to pyii), ndn-

gi Krimsynan -

Krims, a private law, an

esoteric precept or doctrine not intended

for the public; *ge-dun-gyl ndii-fim dhan

Ogal fse* C. if priests violate their special

moral duties, (very different from ndn-paiKrims the Buddhist law, merely opp. to

Brahmanism); nan -gi sbyin -pa inward

offerings, i.e. spiritual sacrifices, opp. to

outward and material offerings; but Dzl.

3S&, 4 it denotes personal sacrifices, the

surrendering of parts of our own self, e.g.

a member of the body, opp. to outward

property; the meaning also reminds ofRom.

12,1, and I Pet. 2, 5. - -ndn-gi byd

- ba

internal affairs Glr.;v. also the compounds.

- 2. for ndn - na among, amidst, frq. c.

accus. : bu ndn-gi fa curt, pug-ron ndn-gicun-nu Dzl. the smallest among etc.; for

de-dag-gi ndn-na of it, of them, among them

etc. : ndn-gi cun-nu the least of them Dzl.;

ndn-gi Ihd-mo srid-ma the foremost amongthe goddesses; sometimes more pleon., with-

out distinct reference to a preceding noun,

Dzl. TV^S, 18; 7%&, 16 (where Sch. prob.

translates incorr.).

III. with la, na, du, nas; 1. as sbst,

ace. to the significations given above, e.g.

ndd-pai ndn-du ^jug-pa to go into the room

of a sick person Wdn.; dei ndn-du ydan-drdns-te inviting into their house Mil.

2. as adv. ndn-na in it, therein, within,

among it or them; ndn-du and ndn-ln there*

into, into it; ndn -nan out, thereout, from

among ; among it or them win - na.

3. postp : in, into, among <-t< ., o.g. /,/.-//,-

///ndii-na Krnx, bynl-pa Dzl. to bathe in

a pond, cut ndn-du znys^pa to go into the

water; gron-kyr dei naii dan /><fi-rol-na in

the town and out of it Dzl.', *m-mi ndn-

na ztr-pa* W. he said to himself; snai ndn-

nas byuii it came out of his nose (again)

Dzl. ;mil ndri-na(s) bzdn-po zig one very

beautiful among men Dzl.; glin dd-rnams-

kyi ndn-na{s] mcdg tu yyur-pa the most

important among or of these countries Glr.

(here at least the sing, is as frq. als the

plur.); in col. language the word is much

used, though often inaccurately; so it is

frq. employed, where the later literature

has nan-la, nan-nas; *u'dn-gi ndn-na* by

force; *s6-me ndn-na zer gos* W. that should

have been mentioned, when it was fresh

(in remembrance); *lo tdn-ni ndn-na fsd-

pig ma fsar* not yet quite in a thousand

years, i.e. it is not full a thousand years

W. - - There is still to be noticed: nan

= nan-mo. nan-mtd-la col. frq. suddenly;

in B. of rare occurrence;nan-med normyed-

pa to become rich unexpectedly S.g.

Comp. and deriv. nan-kyog Sch.: having

legs bending inward, bandy-legged.-- nan-

skor v. skdr-ba extr. nan-Krims v. above.

naii-Krol, vulgo -rol, bowels, entrails,

intestines; also any separate part of them;

naii-Krol dron-ba spasmodic contractions

of the bowels Sch.; nan-lcrol-bzdg seems

in Lexx. to be taken synon. with mnyam-

bzag. nan-gog v. ter. - -

*nan-gy6g* W.

a large bolt, door -bar. -- nd/i - ?a = nan-

ffrol. nan-fags-su in one's self, in one's

own mind Sch. --ndn-r)e minister of the

interior, home - minister Sch. ndn-lta

Glr 89, 11? naii-tdb byM-pa to be in-

volved in intestine war l*th., nan- lrrvg*.

- nan -dag 1. Sch.4the interior being

cleansed'. 2. col. (or nan-brtagtf) v. snari.

- ndii -don the intrinsic meaning, the true

sense, ndn- don rtog-pa to investigate, to

study, the real meaning; *ndn-don tog-Kfn,

~: 11mi I. lhe spnce within l\ thing, 1. theinterior, tlte inside, pug ·114i nali ~·Im

the whole interior of the CfL~crn Mil.; r:dli1!t1j, do;'-yi nmi tile int(lrior of n bnsin, ofII pit (c.g. being filled up) D:l.; foil·'jla;nali pyag-dtil' byM.pa to sweep the insideof l\ b01l8e D:I. - 2. space, room, apartment, cltamber I'oJ. - 3. dwelling, domicile,Itouse, cSII. C. - 4. meton inmates, famity,Itousehold, -nmj {Mui- lV. the wbole fnmily.- 5. tlte interior (SI,iritul\lIy), Iteart, mind,soul, yNa. nali-na .iar wisdom begins toshine in tbe mind; ie'n·od;:in n6l;-na& o!!'011IlTection, intere8t, disnppcnl"ll from the henrtGir. _ 6. sOJDetimes adv. for nd;'·na.

II. ndl'-gi, Rellit., used 1. l\S nn ndj.:inner, inward, esoteric (opp. to pyil), nali·gi frinlt" nail· /{rims. n private law, all('soteric precept or doctrine not inteudedfOl' the public; -fl~-dyn-g!!i nail-tim (Illanogal {u· C, if priests violnte their specialmontl duties, (\'eI1' different from ndti.poirn·nu the Buddhist Inw, merel)· opp, toBmhmanism); nali· gi 3b!Jin • pa inw:udoffl!rings, i.e. spiritUo'll sacrifices, 0PP, to

outwnrd nnd material offerings; but D:I.~~, 4. it denotes personal sacrifices, the,;urrendering of parts of our own self, e.g.IL JD(Omber of the body, opp. to outwllrdproperty; the menning also reminds ofRom.12, 1, nnd I Pet. 2, 5. - nali"tJi bya. bainternnl nlTairs Gir.; v. nl80 the compounds.- 2. for nd,j - na among, amidst, frq. c.nccus.: 1m nari-gi {a Cruj, pug-ron nd,;-giCrj,;·riu Dzl. the smll.llest nmong etc.; fordi-dag-gi nd,i-na of it, of tltem, among themetc.: nali.gi ,r,;,i-nu the lellst of them D:l.;nali-gi lM-?lIO "ja-?lla the foremost nmongthe goddesses; sometimes more pleon., without distinct refercnce to n preceding noun,Dzl. 7U-s,18; 7~,IG (where &A. prob.tmllslates ineorr.).

HI. wilh la, na, du, nus; I. as sbsl,Ace. to the significntions given Aoove, e.g.ndd-paj nd,j·du Jily.pa to go into the roomof II sick person H'dli.; dli nu,j-//" }"dm.·drain-Ie inviting into their hou..e Mil. 2. as adv. nan· na in it, tltete1n., !!ilflin.

301"". .-r fI(I1I

among it or tltem; miti-du Ilnd 1Id,,-In thef'tinto, inlo it; nuli _ PIa, out, thereout, fromlI.ffiong; nlnong it or them _ tlu,j • 114. _

:1. postp : in, inlo, among etc., e.R'. nl:lit_!Ii nli';.n" 1.'1'11, byM-Pll Dzi. to bathe inII Ilond, Cui nati-Ju Zi-fJf-pa to go into theIrllter; !JI'()li.fyir lin nail da.; l';yi-rol-na inthe town nnd out of it D:l.; .,;",.",j lIti,i·na zir_pa· lV. he SAid to him~lf; '1tIri "ait.nus b!JIIIi it cnme out of his n06ll (again)Dzl.; lI/ii no,i.no(,) hzali-Pfl Zig one verybenutiful among men DzI.; gli" dJ-rnatfUJoyi noli-na(,) mMg·tu 9yUr- 1'6 the mostim(lOrtll.nt Among or of these COul1tna Glr.(here at lellSt the sing. is a., frq. :l,ls theplur.); in col. langunge the lYord is muchused, thougb often illll.ccurate1y; so it isfrq. employed, where the later literaturehns ,jdti·la, tidli-nas; ·/coio-gi ntili·lIa- byforce; ·s<J.m~ nali-na:er goa. lV: lbllt shouldhave been mentioned, when it Wl'lS frt'Sb(in remembrance); -10 toli·"i nali·na {,d·IIi[} ma har· not yet quite in l\ thoW!ll.odyears, i.e. it is not full a thousAnd rMrs·W: - There is still to be noticed: nail= nati~l(l. - nail.mid·ia col. frq.suddenly;in IJ. of rnte occurrence; nali·,uM norrnyM_pa to become rich unexpectedly S.g.

Comp, and deriv, nal;~Joy6g &/r.: II/wingleRg bending illward, bandy-legged, - nQ/;·sl:dr \'. skor-ha extr. - n/l,;-fri,,/.S v...bove.- nali ~ I..'rol, vulgo ./"01, bowels, entrails,intestines; lIl"O IIny sepnl1lote part of thtmjnali ·llrdl dro,i - ha sp~modic CQotnClionsof the bowels sm.; na,j~J!rol·b::ci!J seen}sin Lux. to be laken srnon. with 1IlIl!!l'.....

Mag. - na,i-gdg v. {~r. - -,.ail-gydf! W.a large bolt, door-bar. - nti';·la - JIa.oj.

ff/"ol. -7I/lti.(l"OQ,-SIi in onc's !!elf, in one'sown mind &11: - miil-';' minister of theinterior, Itome - minister &It. - ,.ail· itaGir 89, 11? - na"·{dh hytd-pa to be io·voh'ed in intestine "ar }'tA., -1UJ"._J..'ritf!'._ 'UII; - ddg 1. &It.. 'the interior beingcleansed'. 2. col. (or 1I(ui-lwtllfl'1) v. "'wi._ f1u,j-don tlte intrinsic meaning, tlte truesense, ndil·(lQ1I rlOg-pn to in..eili~.te, to

,tudYl.<~p::lLImClU1ios; ·l'Cdoi-don tdg-ltot,

302"

nan-mcod nan

or gho-Ken* C.,*nan -don -can (or -yod-

ttarif W. most learned, very erudite; ace.

to Cs. more particularly the mystical sense

of religious writings, a higher degree of

theology, as it were; ndn-don-gyi rab-

Jbydms - pa a Doctor of Divinity Cs.

nan-ndn-gi, nan-nan -na^ = nan-gi, nan-

nas among.-- nan -pa Buddhist, opp. to

pyi-pa, Non-Buddhist, Brahmanist; ndii-

pai Ita-ba, bstdn-pa, cos, ston-pa, cd-lugs,

the theory etc. of the Buddhists. rian-

po an intimate, a bosom-friend Sch. -

nan-mi members of a household, inmates

(ni f.) Dom. ndn-mig room, apartment,

C., W. -*nan-ydns* W. wide, spacious,

roomy. nan-rol nan-Krol - - ndn-sa

lining, *ndn-ha tdn-wa* to cover on the

inside, to line, *ndn-sa-cen* C. lined. -

nan-sel dissension, discrepancy. nan-yses

reciprocal, mutual Wdn. frq.

' nan-mcod a sort of potion (thin

pap?) consisting of the 'ten im-

purities', viz. five kinds of flesh (also human

flesh), excrements, urine, blood, marrow,and ''byan-sems dkdr-po' (?), all mixed to-

gether, transsubstantiated by charms, and

changed into bdud-rtsi or nectar, a small

quantity of which is tasted by the devo-

tees, with the Lama at their head. This

delicious drink is considered of great im-

portance by the mystics, who seek to obtain

spiritual gifts by witchcraft (cf. mdo extr.);

hence every offering is sprinkled with this

potion.

(ndn-ltai') *ndh-tar* W., C., *ndn-

zin* C. col. for bzin-du, Itar, ac-

cording to. in conformity with, like, as, c.

genit. or accus., bka nan-tar, bkai nan-tar.

(Xr'xr ndn-me, resp. for me fire W. (sndn-

meT).

nan-mo (ma Pth.T) the morning; in

the morning; nan-mo ycig bzin-du

every morning Pth.;nan re id.; nan re

dgons re every morning and evening; da-

ndn this morning; da-nan ni gdn-nas byonwhere do you come from to-day? Mil.',

da-ndn-gi fso-ba this day's breakfast Mil.;

nan-nub in the morning and in the even-

ing; nan -nub nyi-pyed ysum-la in the

morning, in the evening, and at noon.

nan-par 1. in the morning, nan-par snar

early in the morning DzL 2. the morning,

esp the following morning ,nan -

par-kyi

skdl-ba the allowance, the ration for the

following morning Glr.

^r XT* nans W. (?) nan - cun yod that is a

mere trifle, not worth while, cf. mnog.

yp^T'^tx-nans -par Cs., *ndn-la* W., the

day after to-morrow, B. ynan.-- nod disease, distemper, malady, sickness,

'

cf. nd-ba; (the Tibetan science of me-

dicine distinguishes 404 kinds of diseases);

mi - nad pyugs- nad diseases among men

and animals Glr.;nad yso-ba to cure a

disease, nad Ofso-ba, nad sos-par, or zi-

bar, or dan brdl-bar Ogyur-ba to be cured

of a disease, to get well, to recover; ndd-

kyis Odebs-pa, Ofebs-pa, to be attacked bya disease, to be taken ill B.

;C. more frq. :

*ne}

-kyi gydb-pa, zir-wa*, W.: *nd-la nad

yon(s)*; ndd-kyi rgyu, and rkyen, v. rkyen1 and 2.

Comp. nad -rkydl Wdk. emblem of a

deity (meaning not clear).- - nad - Jean

hospital Cs. ndd -go seat of a disease

Sch. -- ndd- canill, sick (little used).

-

ndd-pa 1. a sick person, male or female.

2. adj. ill, sick, sems-can ndd-pa-dag S.O.= ndd-po and ndd-bu nad Cs., *ndd-

bu-can* W., weak in health, sickly, poorly.- nad-med healthy, hale, in health, (the

usual word); nad-med-par gyur-cig mayyou recover your health, may you remain

in good health, all hail to you ! Cs. ndd-

med-pa health, ndd-med-pa fob-pa, rnyed-

pa to get well, to recover one's health;

ndd-med-pa cgyt'ir-ba declining health Thgy.- nad fsul the character of a disease S.g.

nad-yziseal, primary cause of a disease(?)

Lit. nad-yyog one attending to sick

persons, a nurse; nad-yyog byed-pa W. *co-

ce*, to nurse.

xj- nan the act of pressing, urging ; pressure,'

urgency, importunity, Koii-rnams-kyi nan

ma fegs-par not being able to resist their

importunity Mil.; ndn-gyis ^"i+h urgency,

or gM-lltn- C., -ndti-don-ean (or -ytxl_lan)- W. most learned, ,-ery erudite; acc.ta CA. more Jmrticulnrly the mystical senseof reli'gious writings, n higher degree oftheology, as it were; nan _don _gyi Tabobydmt. - pa 0. Doctor of Divinity (A_ nan-naJi-gi, nati-no';-nas _ nail-9i, n«l;1IllS among. - ndli - pa Buddhist, opp. toPyi-pa, Non-Buddhist, Brahmanist; ntilipcti lta-ba, Intdn-pa, &3, stdn-pa, ca-IIl!J8,the theory etc. of the Buddhists. - nd,;po an intimate, a. bosom ~ friend &1,. f1dn-mi members of n household, inmates(ni f.) Dom. - nd/;-miy room, apartment,C., W. - -nali-ydli8- JV. wide, spacious,roomy. - nmi-T.:l{ =' na/j-~'rol - nan-ialining, -mhi-ia tan-lea- 10 cover on theinside, to line, -ndli-ia-ern- C. lined. fuui..ul dissensicln, discrepancy. - 1Iali-)'8hreciprocal, mutual Wdli. frq.Of..~~. fla/i-mWd a sort of potion (thin

pap?) consisting of the 'ten impurities', ,·b:. five kinds of flesh (also humnnflesh), excrements, urine, blood, marrow,and 'byun-8inu dkdr-po' (?), all mixed together, transsubstantiated uy charms, andchanged into bdM-rUi or nectar, 0. smullquantity of whidl is tasl~d by the devotees, with the Lama at their head. Thisdelicious drink is C<lllsidere.l of great importance by the mystics, who seek to obtainspiritual gifts by witchcmft (cf. md<! extr.);hence every offering is sprinkled with thispotion.~,:r;::t... (ndn-ltaT) -nd/i-tar" W:, C., -ntili-

., zin- C. col. for bJ:i1t~du, ltar, according to, in conformity with, like, as, c.gellit. or aeeus., bka ndl.-tar, bl;ai na,i-tal'.Of'it 1Idl1-_, !esp. for 1m! fire IV: (~ndn-

me').Of'5f ndn-mo (rna PtU) the morning; in

the morning; ndn·mo rMu b~'n-du

every morning PtA.; nan re id.; nan redgo';8 Te every morning and evening; dandn this morning; da-ndJi ni gd/l-nas byonwhere do you C<lme fl'om to~daf? .Mil.;da-ndn-gi f$d-ba this day's breakfast Mil.;nan-nub in the morning a.nd in the e"eu-

ing; nan ~ nub nyi - pyhl yrlim -la in themorning, in the evening, lind at noon.nan-par I. in the morning, naJi-par 81iarearly in the moming D:l. 2. the, morning,esp the following morning, ndli ~ pal' - h,pddl-ba the allowRnl.:e, the rotion for thefollowing morning Glr.Cf.~ nali~ W, (?) nan- cwi yod that is a

mere trifle, not worth while, cf. mTlOfl.Cf.~'.q:t..: ndlis-par Cs., -1Idli-la- w" the

day after to-morrow, 11. rna>i.~~. nad disease, distemper, malady, sicknm,

. cf. nd-ba; (the Tibetan science of medicine distillguishes 404 kinds of diseases);1/Ii - nad p'y!ig~ _nad diseases umong menand animals Gll'.; nad Y80 - ba to cure adisease, 1100 ofsd-ba, nad ~ - par, or J:ibar, or da" brdl-bar ofJyUr-ba to be curedof II disease, to gct well, to recover; nddkyi8 odlln-pa, ofIN-pa, to be attncked byt\ disease, to be taken ill 11.; C. more frq.:-ni'-kyf gydb-pa, zb'-fCa-, w,: ->id-la nadyon(,)-; ndil-1.:yi 1'[J!JU, and rl.yen, v.1·J.:yen1 lIJld 2.

Compo nad - rkydl Wdk. emblem of lJ,

deity (meaning not clear). - 11M ~ Illllihospital (,"3. - ndd - go seat of a disease&h. - nad_Can ill, siclt (little used). ndd-pa J. a sick person, male or female.2. adj. ill, sick, 8ims-tan ndd-pa-dag S. O..., ndd-po lind nJd-bu = nnd as., -nodfn¥.ean- lV., weak in health, sickly, poorly,- nad - mCd healthy, hale, in hearth, (theusual WOld); nad-med-par gyur-ng mayyou rOOO\'cr your health, may you remainiu good health, aU hail to you! Q. - nddmed-pa health, ndd-md-pa foo-pa, rnyM.pa to get well, to recover one's health;ndd-med-.pa o!JlJlir-1m declining health Tltgy.- nad fsM the character of a disease S.g.-nad-yJ:iseat, primary cause of a disense(?)Lt. - nad - ,ytig one atlellding to sickpersons, a nurse; nad-yydg b1/ld-pa W·;;o..et", to nurse. .- ..~ nan the act of pressing, urging; pressure,

urgency, importunity, Itdli-NIamt.-kyi nanma ftrJ8-l!ar not being able to resist theirimportunity Mt'l.; non-gyi,,-with urgency,

ndn-te ndmnnta

pressingly, e.g. zu-ba to request, to solicit

(i/r. ; nt'ni -t/i/fx zar ^ug-pa to urge, to

compel (a person) to eat Dzl.; ndn-ayis*/. -i >/-/>, i to press, to crowd, round Dzl. ;

ndn-f/yis ^ug-pa to make a person come

near by calling to him Mil.;nan -

cdg1. sbst. certainty, surety, *da nan-cdf/ fob

son* W. now I have certainty, now i knowfor sure; nan-cags Ofems? Zam. 2. adv.

certainly, surely W., 6'.; adj. *lonnan-cdg*W. certain news. nan-tan l.sbst. earnest

desire, application, exertion Cs.; bya>i-<:;</>-

la nan-tan byed-pa to strive earnestly for

perfection Dzl. ; ndn-tan-du byed-pa Thgy. ;

in cos-kyi nan-tan ysuns Pth. 'kyi is perh.to be cancelled. 2. adv. 6' : certainly, po-

sitively, *ne nen-ten lab -pa, nen-cdg zi>r-

pa* ,1 have told him so definitively, as

my unalterable decision;W. : earnestly, ar-

dently , accurately ,*ndn - tan zib - ca Itos*

look at it, examine it, accurately! *ndn-

tan cos* do it well, most carefully ! *ndn-

tan srdg-ce* to burn entirely. nan-tar

very ,nan - tar bzan Lex.

; very much, all

the more, altogether Mil.; nan-tur, of rare

occurrence, = nan-tan. - - non -pa, j-nan-

pa are cog. to nan.

xx'C' ndn-te 1. Ts. for nd-ba sick, ill.-

2. W. *cu ndn-te kyon*, for ran-te,

Odren-te, conduct the water this way!

dHJvaqr ndn-zag W. late, recent, what has

happened a few weeks or months

ago.

na^s Put on (your clothes)! Sch'., v.

mndb-pa.ndbs-so one of the lunar mansions,

v. rgyu-skdr \S.

(rv nam I. sbst. 1. night, nam Idns-te, or

-nas, when night departs, at day-break,

frq.; nam-gdn Sch.: the last day of the

lunar month on which there is no moon-

shine at all; nam-gun midnight, nam -

gyi

gun-fun-la in the hour of midnight Dom. ;

nam-stdd the first half of the night, nam-smdd the second half of the night; ndm-

gyi ca stod, smad, id. -- nam-pytd mid-

night Dzl, Glr.; nam-z6n(t) Sch. in the

morning; nam-rin Sch. a long day(??)

- nam- Id/in day-break,

tlu Dzl. - - nam - r<'xl darkness of night,

nam-srdd byiii son-bat fse as it wa almost

quite dark Mil., *nam - krod yol 6n - naf

6'., nam-srds-nas Sch. id. "1. for nam-mka q. v.

II. adv. of time, also dw-ndm-ig, 1.

when? frq., how long a time? seldom; rtjyun-

du nam Oci ca med sgom always keep in

mind that you do not know when you will

die Mil.\ dus - nam -Zig

-gi txt-nax since

when? since what time? how long ago? Mil.;

relatively: nam ^grd-bai dus byed-pa to

appoint the time, when one is going to

start Dzl.] nam big sgyu-lus ojog-pai toe,

when he shall lay aside his phantom-body

Mil.', *nam fsug-pa Ko ma ttb-na, de

fuy*. . ., as long as he has not come, so

long ... W. 2. ndm(-du) yait (coL

*ndm-an, ndms-aii*} with a negative, never,

in sentences relating to the past, or the

future, or containing a prohibition, cf. mi

and ma, nam-yan mi zih-to it will never

be finished Dzl. Z&^S, 9; snon nam yati

ma fos (that) has never been heard of

formerly; without a negative in II. rarely,

col. frq.: always; nam bag brtan Mil.',

*ndm-zag gyun-du* ('. id.

ndm-mKa (cf. mfca and ynam)the space or region above us,

heaven, sky, where the birds are flying,

and the saints are soaring, where it light-

ens and thunders etc.; the ether, as the

fifth element S. a.; the principle of expan-

sion and enlargement Wdii.; ndm-mlca dan

mnydm - pa like unto the heavens ,as to

wide expanse, frq.; inaccurately also for

an innumerable multitude, ndm - mk'a </<//

mnydm -pai sbns-can-rnams Mil.] ndm-

mkai dbyiiis, ndm-m/ca-ldi/i('mo) v. sub

m far. nam-mKai mtoii* celestial vault, fir-

mament Glr., S. O.;nam - mKa - mdog the

blue colour of the sky, azure; it is supposed

to be produced by the southern side of

mount Rirab, which consists entirely of

azur-stone, Aft/.; Ryim-gyi ndm-mKa-la in

the air above the house, like bar-snaA-la,

Tar. ;?sS, 2; nam- pdns ycod-pa, also nam-

~.? lIun-te

pressingly, e.g..M-b<.! to request, le solicitGlr.; Ilan -!JYf; zar Jlig - po. to urge, tot'01U11e1 (a person) le eat Dd.; ndll-!f!j"

,1.:01' _ba to press, to ero....d, rouud D:t.;ndn-g!/,& o!JWf!'1'G to mflke a person comeDear by cRlling to him Mil.; nan _ lagsI. sbst. certainty, surety, "drl nall- Ca!! (obwli" W. now I hlwe certninty, no.... I knowfor sure; na1l- ca9s ,,(ems' Y.am. 2. nth'.certainly, surely W:, C.; adj. 'lotl nan-U!flV: \:ertflin news. - nan-tan I. sbst. eamestdesire, application, exertion 01.; bymi _nibla nan-tan byld-pa to strive t'arnesdy forperfection D:l.; ndli-tfl1l-dlt byld'pa TI,!!y.;in 'llis-I.:!!; min-tan rswis PtA. 'A'Yi' is peril.to be. cancelled. 2. ad\·. C: certainly, positively, ",ie nm-ten /db-pa, net/-clip :6'pa", I have wId him so definiti\'ely, asmy unalterable decision; 'Y.: earnestry, ardently, accurately, "nan - t«n tib - ea lr03"look at it, examine it, ~clU'l\lely! "nantan ~" do it wel~ most carefully! "mmtan Jrag-1:t" to burn entirely. - nan-tarvery, nan - tar bZ1/1i Lu.; very much, allthe more, altogether Mil.; nan-tlir, of rnreOCCUITCDce, - nan-tan. - n6n -pa, rndllra nre cog. to nail.~'~' ndn_te 1. n. for na-ba sick, ill.

2. lV, 'ell ndn-u ktJOiI-, for ran-u,od,.tTI-t<J, conduct the waler tllis WAy!'¥i~' min-zag W. late, recent, w!tnt has

happened a few weeks or months'go.<¥f~' nab! put on (your dothes)! &/1., v.

m,uilJ..pa.

<¥f~~ ndbNo one of the lunar mansions,v. ry!flt-d:dr ..s,

¥'. nam I. sbit. 1. night, na1ll fau!-!.!, or-lias, when night departs, at day-break,

frq.; nam - !la>i &h.: the Inst day of thelunar month on whieb there is no moonshine at all; nom-gill' midnight. nam _gyigill....(ull_fa in the hour of midnight lJ01l1.;nam-stdd the firs~ bnlf of the nigbt, namunM the second half of the nigh~; "amg!Ji ea !tod, small, id. - nanl_ pyM midnight D;:l" Gir.; nam-.M>i~) Sci•. in themorning; nam_riot $ch. Il. Ioog day(?1)

303

"am-ld';. day-break, flam-lmt,-kyUJardu Dzi. - nam -.,.dd darkness 01 night,lIam-,rOd b!Ji;, IOn-btu' (u as it Wall .lmO/itquite dark Mil., ·71am - irdd yol .,j,:, _ "aIe" nalll-"w-lIa1 &11. id. - 2. for "ll ....mJ,!a q. v.

n. luk of time, nlso tim-lId",-Zig, I.when? frq., how long a lime? seldom; rgY''''du nam it' co mtd 'yom IohrlYs keel' inmind tllat you do not know .....hen )'ou ..illdie Mil.; dtl,-ndnl_zi!!_gi ,.t-RIII sincewhen? since what time? howlongago1 Mil,;relatively: nom <!Iro - bai tillS bylti - pa toappoint the time, when one is going to

start P=l.j nom zig '!!yU·I,U Jdg-pai (~,

when be shnlliay Mide his phantom-bodyMil.; "nom ($ug_pa J!.o ma 1Jb-lItJ, tk(uy" , as long as he has not come, 50

long lV: - 2. mill,(-(iu) ya.. (coL"nam-wi, na11U-ali") with a negative, never,in sentences relating to the past, or thefuture, or containing a prohihition, cf. ttli

and ma, nam-!Jflli rni :i;,,-14 i~ will neverbe finisbed D::.l. ~::"..s, 9; .';on nam yaH.rna (03 (thAt) hAS never been heaN offormerly; without II negAtive in IJ. nlrcly,eol. frq.: always; nam zag brian Mii.;"nam-zag !l!/t1n-d"" C. id.~~~ nam-mEa (cf. ",fa l\Dd mam)

the space or region "bo"e us,heaven, sky, wbere thr: birds arc ll),jng,and the Sllint.s nre soaring, where it light.ens nnd thunders ctc.; the ether, as thefifth element S. g.; the principle 01 expansion and enlargement Wdli.; ndna-mta (iaAmnydm - pa like uole the hea\'ens, as 10

wide t'ltlumse, frq.; iOl1ccurat.ely 11150 forun innumerable multitude, "tim - mla dalinm!Jdm-p«i sh,I3_Can_rnaIl18 Ali!.; Mm_nJ:ai dbtji,;s, mim_niKa_lt/i>i(_IftO) Y. submill; 71am-'llJ!ai "llmi8 celestial vault, firmament Gir., S. 0.; nam-",.ru-mdoy tbeMIle colour of the sky, azure; it i,s suppo6<:dto be produced by the southern side ofmount Hirab, which consists cD~i~l,. ofI17.Ul'-stone, Mil.; 1!yim~ "all'l_",Ea_la inthe air above tbe bouse. like oor--#/IIWf-UJ,TrU. ~;s,""2; ~a"'-.,MJiJ rMd-pa, ..Iso tlll.....

304

1" ndm-zla

dpdns spyod-pa Mil, to cross the heightof the heavens, to fly across the sky.

-

nam-gru \. rgyu-skar.

$]=[ (ndm-zla) pronounced *ndm-da, and^ ndm-la*, Mil, Pth., col, season,

ndm-zla dm bzi the four seasons; da nam-

da st'in sar now autumn has set in; *da

nam-da clan-mo son*; fig. ndm-da Odas the

(favourable) season has passed Mil.

ndm-so ndbs-so.

nar v. wa I. and II., 2; also nd-ffa.

ndr-ma adj., and ndr-mar adv., con-

tinuous, without interruption >Sc'A.;

*ci-ma ndr-te ton or sor* 7. torrents of

tears gushed from his eyes, cf. Krul; nclr-

re Mil., more vulg. *ndr-ra-ra* in a longrow or file, Ogrul-ba to walk

2f n<*r-ma, ndr-nar-po ob-

long M7., J/^.; Ka-nar-

can having the shape of a rectangle; gru-nar-can rhombic, lozenge-shaped. Cf. (b}sndr-

ba.

<3pj"nal n. of a precious stone Sch.

w<^(~wa) Cs. incest, fornication;

nal-grib pollution by it. nal-prug

frq. ,

*nal -13* Ts., bastard-child; ndl-bu

Sch. a libidinous woman (??).

<3pTT ndl-byi Pth. n. of a poison-tree.

gri' n s I- sbst. 1. barley, in three varieties:

mgyogs-nas (Lid. ydn-ma, or drug-cu-

nas, Wdn. Krd-md) early barley, ripeningin about 60 days; ser-mo late barley, the

best sort; ce - nas a middling sort. 2.

barley-corn, nas-tsam as much as a barley-corn Glr. nds-can beer brewed of barley.

nas-rjen v. rjen-pa.--

nas-pye barley-

flour. *nas - zir* (spelling not certain)

aim or sight on a gun W.

II. postp., sign of the ablative case

(almost like las) 1. added to sbst.: from,

bydn-pyogs-nas from the north, often joinedwith bzun-ste (Ld. *tdns-te*\ commencingfrom, extending from, with a following to,

as far as; till, until, with respect so spaceand time; by, Idg-pa-nas Odzin-pa or

ba to take a person by the hand, min-

nas rjod-pa, smo-ba to call by name, figs-

pa re-re-nas (to count) by single drops,

so -so -nas one by one, each by himself;

through, dun-nas bsdd-pas speaking througha trumpet Glr., sgo-sdn-nas ltd-ba looking

through the chink of a door Tar.; sgo-

nas yton- ba to admit through the door

Dzl.\ *bi-yan-nepan* W. he flung it throughthe hole (cf. also rgyud-pa I., 2); made,

manufactured, built etc. of, pd-gu-nas of

bricks; (made, worked, struck etc.) with,

*ldg-pa-ne dun* W. struck with the hand;

denoting distance: rgyan-grdgs ycig-nas

po-ta-la yod C., Potala lies within reach

of the ear; Odi-nas gdns-ri-la far from

here on the snowy mountain Glr.;

with

respect to time: after, sag bdun-nas after

seven days: de-nas after that, afterwards,

then. 2. added to verbs, as gerundial

particle, rarely to the inf., gen. (col. al-

ways) to the verbal root, prop, after, since;

also equivalent to fe, when added to a

pres. or pf. root (instances of which are

to be met with almost on every page of

Tibetan books); together with Odug or yodadded to a pres. or pf. tense, col. frq., in

B. rarely: na Iceb dgos snydm-nas yod I

think I must seek death Pth.; tsos-nas

yod it is boiled Pth.; so-nam-gyi byd-ba-la zugs

- nas yod-pa-la as they began to

till the ground Glr. Col. also for na.

** ni I. 1. particle, col. also *nin*; Cs.

^

justly remarks : 'an emphatical particle',

serving to give force to that word or part

of a sentence, which rhetorically is most

important, esp. also (though not exclusively,

Sch.) to separate the subject of a sentence

from its predicate, thus adding to perspi-

cuity : Kyod Odir ^ns-pa ni nai mfus ^ofis-

so thy coming hither has been effected by

my (magic) power Dzl.; bdag ni brdm-ze

yin myself am a Brahmin Dzl.;de ni tia

yin that one am I; Odi ni mi pod-do this

I am not able to do Dzl.; fa-mdl-pa ni

ma yin a vulgar person she is not Dzl.;

des ni it is by this (that . . .); stobs ni as

to strength (I . . .); gdl-te nus-na ni if he

dpdAs 'pydd-pa Mil., to erOSl! the heightof the heavens, to l1y across the sky. nam·gru v. rgyu.slar.~.=-- (ndm·zla) pronounced ·ndm..da, and

~ ndlll _las, ~fjl., Pth" col., season,ndm-zla dw hH the four seasons; du nam_du ,t'l1I SUI' now autumn has set in; *danam-du {Ian~mo3O/i*; fig. fi{im..da odWJ the(favourable) senson h,IS passel] j/il.

~.~ flam-8/) _ t1d!Js.ojo.

~J:';,' nar v. flU I. and n., 2; nlso nd-Ifa.

~,,~. 7ldr-ma IIdj., and ndr-mal' adv., con-tinuous, without interruption &11.;

*Ci-ma rnir-u (.qn or Jor" C. torrents oftcars gushed from his eyes, cr. ~rrul; nUT_re Mil., more vulg. ·lId,....ra-ru· in II longrow or file, 091,,~ba to walk

a,,5(- ';;'~.=;,:'f nUT-mo, ndr-nar-po ob-\ ' -1 long .Mil., Med.; ~ta_nal'_

~an having tbe shape of a rectangle; gru7hv'-can rhombic, lozenge-shaped. Cf. (b)sndr.ba.

~. nal D. of II precious stone Sch.

~r(~' ndl(-1/16) Cs. incest, fornication;) nal-grib pollution by it. 7Ial-i'l'ug

(rq., ·nal· f? 'n., bl'stard-child; ndl-bu&h. a libidinous woman (??).

11:lfS" ndl-byi lJUi. lI. of a. poison-tree.

<\'~ nail J. sbst. I. barley, in tbree varieties:mg!j6g$-na8 (Ld. ya,f-ma, or drug-eu

nWl, Wd,i. ltrd..ma) early barley, ripeningin about 60 days; 8b~ lllie barley, thebest sort; U -nail a middling sort. - 2.baney-com, nas-uam as much as a barleycorn Gll'. -nus-cmi beer brewed of barley.naa-ryht v. r)en-pa. - 'leu-hi barley_flour. - ·nall -zi"'- (spelling lIot certain)aim or sight on a gun W.

U. postp., sign of the ablative Cllse(lltmost like laa) 1. llddl'o to sbst.: from,byuil-hofp-nas from the north, often joinedwitb bzu/i-ate (IA. "tdli3-te"), commencingfrom, e:xtending from, with a following to,as far as; till, until, with respect so spaceand time; by, ldg-p(MI/l8 odz!~!! or lJir

~ ni

ba to take a person by the hand, m(,,'las r;j~pa, am6-ba to call by name, fi!Japa t·t-ri-naa (to count) by single drops.ao-ad-nas one by one, eacll by llimseH;througll, dU/;-nWl Mud-pm speaking througha trunlpet Glr., ago-adti-'laa ltd--ha lookingt1J1'Ougb tbe chink of a door Tar.; 3fjQ

nail rfIJi; - ba to admit through the doorDzl.j "bl-yaJi-nt pail" IV. he flung it throughthe hole (cf. also I'gyUd-pa I., 2); made,manufactured, built etc. of, pd-gu-nall ofbricks; (made, worked, struck etc.) With,"ld9-pa-n~ dun· W: struck with tbe hlJ;.lld;denoting distance: I'f/yan - gl'dga 1(:(9 - 'leapd-ta-la yad C., Potala lies within reachof the ear; odi-nall 9Ma - t, Ala far fromhere on the snowy mountain Glr.; withrespec~ to time: after, &"9 bdun-'lea afterseven days: de-nail alter that, afterwarda,then. - 2. added to verbs, as gerundialparticle, rarely to the inf., gen. (col. al·ways) to the verbal root, prop. after, since;also equivalent to u, when added to a.pres. or pf. root (instances of which lire

to be met with almost on every page ofTibel1\n books); together with odug or yodadded to a pres. or pf. tense, col. frq., inB. rarely: lia lCoo dgoa &nydm-'lWl yad Ithink 1 must seek death ill.; f3d$-naa!lad it is boiled Pth.; ad--nam.g!Ji byd.bafa zuga - 'l(U ydd-pa-la liS they began totill the ground Gll'. - Col. also for na.~. ni 1. I. particle, col. also "'lin-; Ca.

justly remarks: 'an emphatical particle',serving to give force to tha~ word or partof a sentence, which rhetorically is mostimportant, esp. also (though notuclusively,Seh.) to separate the subject of a sentencefrom its predicate, thus adding to perspicuity: Iiyod odir ~dli$-]HJ 'li nai m(ua ~ona

30 thy coming hither has been effected bymy (magic) power Dzl.; bdag 'li brdm-uyin myself am a Brahmin Dzl.; dt ni riayin that one am I; odi 'li mi pOdrdo thisI am not able to do Dzl.; (a-mdl-[X1 nima yin a vulgar person ~be is no~ Dzl.;des ni it is by this (that ...); atOOa 'li asUl strength (1 .•.); gdl-te nll8-1la 'IIi if he

,//./nut-pa

can ( well!); da nf, simr m\ jli-l<i* ///,

x/iii/t-ctii/ ni etc.; sin-ii>l,:

(tn ni now, as to

the carpenter, he ... Ihi.: <l<ir-l>n /// now,with respect to the propagation (of the

doctrine). In a similar manner it is frq.

used, where we begin a new paragraph,

heading it with its principal contents. In

col. language the word before ni is rendered

still more emphatic by repeating it once

more after ni: *zer ni zer dug* W. (it is

true) they say so; *di ni di-te yod? it has

been written, (to be sure); *)1t,cni jhe*

<'., *co ni co dug* W. (certainly) they are

working at it, (but . ..). In metrical com-

positions, esp. in mnemonic verses, it is

often added as a mere metrical expletive,

without any meaning, esp. after dan.

2. Ts. : demonstrative prou., */*' ni-le ni

fo-wa dug* this mountain is higher than

that.

II. num. figure: 42.

^inj-ni-la {Hindi faf blue) 1. Cs. indigo.- 2. W. the blue pheasant of the South

Himalaya, manal.

&'qJ'5

OBOISTm'- faw

>U-lam (Hindi;

Shaksp. : 'from the Portu-

guese leilam') auction, public sale.

jj-nin 1. col. for ni. 2. for myin? v. na-

nim-ba, f5f^, n. of a plant, Melia

Azedarachta.

nii-l* Sen-'- the great buzzard or

mouse-hawk (?).

<3T nu num. fig.: 72.4>

* nii-ba pf. and imp. mis, to suck Cs.,

<4 nu(-ba)-po, mo, a suckling Cs., nu-kug

sucking-bag.

gjtf nii-bo, resp. ycun-po, W. *no*, a man's

-1 younger brother 13. and 6'.

nu-ma, Cs. also cdb-nu (resp.?), breast,

as two correspondent parts of the body,1. mammary gland, female breast, bosom S.g.- 2. nipple, teat, also of males. 3. dug,

nipple of a cow's udder; nu-Kyim, -ydan,

-Jbur,-Obor, Cs. id. nu-sa the thoracic

muscle. --nu-rtse, nu-sor Cs. the tip of

the breasts, nipple. nu-zo mother's milk,

nin n<'i-\n /);/.; n i,-':

to suckle, to give suck, /

mi it -In- ha- no milk l,t.

3T?fn 't -mo 1. W. *nf -*//, the younger

1 sister of a female, /i. and c.l.

v. nu-l>n.

-

nfuj-xte (pronounced *nuy-te*} 7.,

so, thus.

nwl-pa to Suckle, H'.: *//-// tmtl fun*

give to suck! (= snun-pa).1. the west, nub-(lyi} ]'j/oy*(-ro[)

NO id.; nub-pyog*-u. towards the w

nub-bydn north-west; nub-kyi of the west,

western; v. also bde-ba-can. 2. evening,

do-nub this evening, to-night.

,sq-q' nub-pa 1. vb., to fall gradually, to

4. sink, mfil-la to the bottom; to sink

in, pus-mo nub-pa tsam knee-deep /)c/. fnj. :

to go down, to set, of the sun, moon, frq.;

fig. to decay, decline, of religion ; nub-par

^yur-ba id.; nub-par byed-pa Sch. = vb. a.

snub -pa. 2. sbst. an inhabitant of the

West.

nub-mo evening; in the evening, fnj.:

nubgrdii-gi happeningevery eveningSch.

num, W. col. for mun.

nur-nur-po denotes the form of

the embryo in the second week :

oval, oblong; mer-mer-po id.

jx'jn* nnr-ba (cf. brnur-ba, snui'-ba), l.to

-1 change place or posture, to move a

little, *ri(j-tc tntr* (v. sgriy-pa} W. move

a little nearer together, stand or sit a little

closer! nur-gyis Oftn-pa to pull gradually,

to give short pulls (?//.: fxt-bon <A//// /.

pa bzih-du nur the rock yielded, i.e. receiv.-d

impressions, like foot-prints on soft clay,

.l///.: to step aside, to draw or fall back;

to get out of its place, to be dislocated: *//

in'ir-la dul-ce, pi-log-la nur-ce* W. to move

slowly back. 2. to crumble to pieces. Mil.

of mountains during an unearthly >torm,

according to some Lamas, cf. snur-ba. -

3. G.: to approach, to come near to(?), yet

cf. stinr-ba.

*- nfa-pa I. 1. vl>. to be able, to have

N? sufficient moral or physical power,

20

enn (- well!); lia 11/', 11;(11' Iii, od.'-11.U ,ji,'liON-cad 1li etc.; iiti-l/If«n Iii now, IlS to

the C1trpenter, he ... D::l.; dur-lHl,;i now,wilh respect to the l)f()pngatioD (of thedoctJine). In I\. similnf mauDer it is frq.used, where we begin II. new pnrngrnph,Iieading it with its principlll contents. In('01. 11I.nguilge the word before 1/; is renderedstill more empblltic by repeating it oncelllore after ni: ·::~r Iii ::er dug· w: (it istrue) they say so; *4i Iii (li-tc ytxr it hasbeen \\TilteD, (to l>e sure); ,M lIi JillC, *t<! 1Ii co dU[I* IV. (ccrt....inly) tb".y nrcworking nt it, (but ...). In mctl'icnl compositions, esp. in mnemonic verses, it isoften added as 1\ mere metrical explctinl,without nIl)' meaning, CS[I. nfter da/i, _2. T,.: Jemonstrati\'c proD., *ri ni ·l~ ni(Q-Wd duf! this mountnin is higher thMthat. .

II. num. figure; 42.~'r.:.j' 1,1-11£ (/lill(li~ blue) I. Cs. indigo.

- 2. w: the blue plteasant of the Southllimalt,,)'a, maDill.

~~' ~I:.l';f lIi - lam, Ii - lam (llilldi;, Shaksp,: 'fr(lIll the Portu-

guese leilmn') auction, public sale.~:: n~,~ 1; co~,. for nl. 2. for 1'1l1Ji,it v. na-

nUl, wc-.mll •

.«.n::;r nim-OO, t:~, n. of a plant, Melia.T' Azedaruebtn.~q.rtj. 'Iii - Ii Sdl.: the great bunanl or

mouse·hawk (1).

~. lIlt num. fig.: 72.~

".q' lIli-w pf. and imp. nu". to suck (iI .•...... nu(-lm)-po, mo, a suckling C,., nu-ku[1sucking-bag.~~ lIli-bo, resp. ralli-po, IV, -710-. a man's..... younger brother B. and C.~.~. 7lli--ma, (,. also cdb-nu (resJ', ?). breast,...!. as ~wo correspondent IJarts oftlle bouy,1. mammary gland, female breast, bosom 8.[1.- 2. nipple, teat, also of mnles. - 3. dug.nipple of a cow's udder; Ilu-iyim, -rd,m,-/Jllf, -J)()f, C,. id. - Ilw-~a the thoracicmuscle. - mt_rt-", nll-30.· (s. tILe tip ofthe breasts, nipple. -111;·;-0 mother'~ milk,

"~'.:J' IIIt&-Jlfl~

mai 7lli--Zo lJ:l.; Jl4i_:o ,nwn_plIf b.'1M-}I/1to suckle, to gife suck, U.; IIW_1o &kil"...11" if "he 111's no milk !..t.~';f n,i ·"'0 I. lV, -no - m',-, fhe younger..... sister of a fl!mall!, Ii. Illlli CQI. - t.v. ""-bll.

~·W "HfJ-at(! (pronounced -1II'fJ-te-) 1.......!. I j so, thus.~:::;;'.:J' lI~ll-l'a to suckle, IV,: -pi-pi tII'fli tm<-..... give to suck! (e IIlUII_pa).

~. nub 1. thl! wes~ rmb-{Jyt> J~'PJs(-rol)

..... id. ; llUb-i'!J<Y.I'-"~ towards the Wl.'~t;

nulJ..b!llili north-west; nHh-J.'fji of the WC6t,

western; \'. alsQ lxli-lJa-i:/III. - 2. evening,t!l)-lIlib this evening, to-night.~.:::rtr nub-pa 1. vb., to fall gradually, 10...!. . sink, 111m-hI to the bottom; to sinkin, PUS_1II0 lIub-pa {5(J1II knl!e-deep D:l. frq.;to go down, to Sl!t, of the suu, moon, frq.;fig. 10 decay. decline, of religion; "wil-'larcf!YHr-ba id. j nub-1mr byM-l'" &!I. _ vb. ".&mib - pa. - 2. sbs~ an inhabitant of thl!Wesl'¥f5f mib-mo I!vl!ning; in the eVl!ning, frq.~

..... llubgrd,i-!li happeningeverycvening&1,.~~. lIUlll, W. col. for mUll.~

~.:~:~::=:;;fmir-nllr-po denotes the form of..... -.b the embryo in the second wl'Ck:oval, oblong; mb-nul'-po id.OJ::=:.:.:::r 7lIi,"'oo (cf. brnur-ba, &IIUr-ba.). 1. to..... changl! placl! or posture, to move alittle, -ny_{(! 'mr" (v. !IJ,'i9-pa) IV, mO\'ea little nearer together, slll.nd or sit Il littlecloser! llIi""[1!Jis o{hl']I(1 to pull gradunlly,to give short llUlIs Glr.;~ic omllil rd:i...}'({ b!:(ic...lu nur the rock )'icldl!d, i e. receivedirnprNsions, like foot-prints on soft cl.y,.lIil.; to slep aside, to draw or fall back;10 gl!! out 01 its place, to be dislocated; -iimi,...lll ~hil·N, i)~lo!J-lf. nil,.../:? IV, to moveslowl), back. - 2. 10 crumbll! to pil!ces, Mil.of Illountains tluring lUI unearthly ~IOrm,

according to some I,amas, cf. slllir-ba. 3. ClI.: to approach, 10 come near to(?), yetcr. ~llIit·~ba .•~''f 711t' pa I. 1. \·b. to be a~le, to !lave~ sufficient mornl or ph)':>lcal pO'l\'er,

n 00

306

ne nog-pa

also = pod-pa; )i (or frq. ci} nus-kyis to

one's best ability; to be able to do or to

perform, dkd-las gan yafi mi nus he cannot

perform any difficult task Thyy.; ryydl-po

mi nus he cannot be a king; to venture,

to dare, ^gro nus-pa one that dared to go.

(In W. *fub-pa* is used almost exclusively

instead of it.) --2. adj. able, nus-pa su

ce - ba Ita let us see who is more able,

more efficient, who can do more, Mil.; C.

also active, diligent, assiduous. -- 3. sbst.

power, ability, faculty, capability, c. genit :

nai nus -pa -la brten-nas by my power,

through my agency (you shall obtain it)

Mil.; rtsig-pai nus-pa yod-dam wee? whether

there will be a capability of building . . .

Glr.; *de cos-la nus-pa med* W. this re-

ligion has no power; nus-pa bsig-pa fams-

cdd all the destructive powers; byed-nus-

pa, sfon -nus -pa the capability of doing,

of showing Thyy.; rnam-smin-nus-pa the

power of retributive justice (Nemesis, as

it were) Mil.; efficiency, efficacy, virtue (of

a remedy), smdn-nus )oms they hinder

the efficacy of the medicines Med.; nus-pa

smin the efficacy becomes complete Mil.;

in a more particular sense : the effect of a

medicine in the stomach (opp. to its taste etc.) ;

there are eight different effects: lei, snum,

bsil, rtul, yan, rtsub, fsa, mo S.y.; nus-pa

ynyis dan Idan they have both qualities

S.y.; nus-stobs nus-pa Sch.

II. pf. of nu-ba.

ne num. figure: 102.

a, w.

ne~ an-> neu-fdit, meadow.

grass-plot, green-sward, B.,

ne-ne-mo aunt, the father's sister,

or wife ot the mother's brother.

5T ne-ma meadow, green-sward, C., W.

&*\$" ne-tso parrot.

5x 5r '^x vv. ner -

ba~),

W. sediment, settlings, dregs.

ne-le Sch. : 'mouse-hawk', a species of

large hawk or vulture, differing from

go-bo, frequently to be met with in Kullu,

but not in Ladak.

V ne^weSch. mason's trowel, ne-we rgyag-

pa to plaster, to roughcast.

ne-ysin, ne-bsin = neu-

(y}sin.

nen-pa W. col. for len-pa, to take,

lay hold of, seize; to take out, off,

away; to hold.

nem-nem denotes a nodding, waving,

or rocking motion, Mil.; cf. nems and

snem.

<3J5T*T nem-bu doubt, error Sch.

nems; Sty. describes an elastic floor

in the following manner: rkdh-pa

bzdg-na ni nems ses byed-de, rkdii-pa btegs-

na ni spar zes byed: hence nems, it sinks

a little, gives way.

ata'SIC"neu~^afl Lex. = na-mnydm one of

the same age, coetaneous. contem-

porary ;Sch. : neu-lddn friend, and neu-ldd/is

protector, defender.

i-le, Hindi %^5jTT, Ssk. f^j^f,ich-n *OI'

neumon, Herpestes Pharaonis, Lis.;

represented in B. as a fabulous animal,

cat-like and vomiting jewels.

^-O')8 I- C.==ne-fah.-

2. grass-plots on high mountains,

alpine pastures (C. span).

ner-ba to sink, to fall gradually, mfil-

la to the bottom, nub-pa.'

ner-ner *ne-re* W.

j"

no 1. W. for nu-bo. 2. num. fig. : 132.

no-no Ld. title of young noblemen,

no-no cen-mo the eldest of a noble-

man's sons, bar-pa the second, cun-se the

youngest; Sp. title of the highest magistrate

of the country.

^5J" no-mo (Bal. no-no} W. for nu-mo.

nog Sch.: cervical vertebra; hump of a

camel.

nog-pa, nog-po, prob. prov.

for ndy-po; nog -nog very

dark, deep-black.

306~ ne

also -JiM-pa;)i (or fr<). ii) nit'-~·!p."5 toone's best ability; to be ahle to do or toperform, dk«-las [Juli yali 11Ii nus he cannotIlcrform any difficult task ThfjlJ.; ?rJ!Jdl-pomi nU5 he cannot be a king; to venture,to dare, 091'0 mit-JIG one that dared to go.(In W: "flilrpa" is used alroost exclusivelyinstead of it.) - 2. adj. able, nua-pa mct - ba ita let us see who is more l\ble,more efficient, who can do more, lllil.; C.(liso active, diligent, assiduolls. - 3. shst.power, ability, faculty, capability, c. gcni~:

'iai mit - pa-fa brUn - 'leu by my power,t1lfough my agency (you ..hall obtain it)Mil.; rtsig-pai nits"'Pu ydd·dam medwhetherthere will be a capability of building ...Glr.; "de COt·{a nut-po, 1Iled" W: tllis religion hns no po.....er; llu3-pa b3i!J-'pa (a»neud all tile destructive !Jowett; byid-mts..pa, st6n .. nus-pa the capability of doing,of showing TIlgy.; rnum-slIlin-nus-pa Ulepower of retribuli\'e justice (Nemesis, :'8

it were) Mil.; efficiency, efficacy, virtue (of:\ remedy), smun -1IUB JfYlnS they hinderthe efficacy of the medicines Mcd.; nia-pasmin tile dfiency becomes CODlI,lete Mil.;in a mote particular seDse: the effecl of amedicinein the stomach (opl" toitstasteetc.);there nte eight different effects: li:i, mum,IMil, 1'(lIl, .'Jil,i, 1uub, fsa, l'no S.y.; nus-ptlrnlln daii /dan the)' have both qualitiesS.y.; 711lS-atCbs == mis-pa Set..

Jf. pf. of nil..ba.

~. lie Dum. figure: 10'2.

~.~. ~_~_ nt.. fdli, 1Ieu-fuJi, meadow,, grass-plot, green-sward, 11.,

r.-:, lV,

~,'i-5f fU:-lIe-1Il0 aunt, the f!ltller's sister,-1-1 or wife of the mother's Uroihcr.

~.~. ne-1Il11 meadow, green-sward, C., W.

,,'~'Q' ne-W) parrot.

~~. i.::.-~' ne-ri, nt7'ner (Y. lllr- ba),-1 '-1' -1 JV. sediment, settlings, dregs.

;t.r:t. nt-Ie Sch.; 'mouse-hawk', l\ species of-1 large hawk or ,'uHure, differing from

g6-bo, frequently to be met with in Kullu,but not in I,adak.~.~. fU!-!l'lScll,lDASOll'S trowel, ne-II.'l t'fJyag-

pa to plaster, to roughcast.

~::n.,~t:.', ~.q~' ne-)~~/i, nt-b8i,i - 1Iell--1 ·1' (yPIJl.;V;'.q- llhl-pa W. 001. for lCn -1W, to take,Tl lay hold of, seize; 10 take out, off,away j to hold.~:«J' ncm-nhn denows a nodding, waving,

T' or rocking motion, Mil.; d. nell'" "nds/lcm.

¥rB- llcm..lm doubt, error &1,.

~~. ncmaj Sty. describes 3n el"stit; floorT' in tile following lU:l.One,·: 1'J;a,i-pab'Zog-na ni nCfllS qtS byiJ-de, rl.:riil-pa bUgsna 'ii apa" 'ZtS byed: hence tlffllS, it sinksa little, gives way.iQ.ra!C' MIt-lduii UJ:. = na-mnydm one of-N "'- the Slime age, coetaneollS, contem..porary; &!l.: nC/l-ldtin friend, 3nd llC/l..ldti,iaprotector, defender.m-F.[ new-Ii, JIind; it~, &1.:.~, ich-~ neumon, Heqlestes Phamonis, LM.;represented in B. as a. fo.bulous aniwo.I,cnt-like [\Od \·omiting jewels.:ia,-(::n ~.neu~(r)shi 1. C. - "tIe-faJi. -N ",)" 2. grass-plots on high mountains,alpine pastures (C. spaoi).~•.::r niNJa to sink, to fall gradually, mfil..-j la to tbe bottom, = mib-pa.

~.~. nel'..nCE· == ·mH~ lV.

~ nQ L lV. for nU-ho. - 2. DUID. fig.: 132.

¥¥ no-no lA. tiUe of young noblemen,'1 "l 1Io-no cen-11Ul the eldest of a nobleman's sons, bril'..pa the second, Cun4/1 theyoungest; Sp. title of the highest mngisltI\leof the country.

~ 7'10-7110 (Bal. nd·/io) IV: for nu--lIlo.

N. nog ScIt.: cervical vertebra; hump of a')1 camel. L=-"

~'.q' *"":(- nOg-pu, nog-po, prob. provo'1""', ''1'1 for ndg.poj nog-nOg verydark, deep-black.

or

nt'n't-ba, pf. wo/is, to commit a fault,

to make a mistake, to commit one's

self, <V nans what have I done amiss?btlt'uj

ma units-inn' udi-lf<ir yndd-pa byyis I have

thus been injured without my fault Dzl.',

m'i/ts-pa fault, crime, nd/is(-pa) mibt/c'd-pa

not to commit a fault or crime Dzl.; bzdd-

pa to pardon, to forgive, v. bzod-pa; no its-

pa bzod-par ysol-ba to ask pardon for a

fault committed (in 6'. even: *non-pa sol-

ii-a*); noits-pa-can culpable, liable to punish-

ment; *noh-tan-ni(s)pe-ra* W. a reprehen-sible speech.

noiis-pa resp. no more alive, dead

Dzl., iye-btsun sku ma nons-par

fobs -pa that your Reverence has arrived

safe and sound Mil.

nod-pa, mnod-pa, pf. and

imp. mnos, to receive in-

struction, directions, favours, from a superior,

esp. priest, Dzl., Glr.;but also to receive

punishment.

Vrj. non-pa I. also ynon-pa, pf. ynan,

mnan, 1. to press, *mdti-po ma non*

do not press too hard! *ndn-te pe-ce* W.

to open a thing by pressing; with or without

rkdit-pas to tread under foot, to crush;

to pour over, to cover with, sas, fye-mas, with

earth, with sand; to be drenched, car-pas

by a shower of rain Dzl.', to lay over, to

overlay with Tar. 9, 11, 21;more frq. fig.

to oppress, suppress, overcome, conquer,

humble, keep under, mfo-ba Krims-kyis the

great people by laws Glr.; enemies frq.;

evil spirits by magic, e.g. sri yndn-pa by

burying heads of animals in the ground,in order that the evil spirits may remain

shut up there; byeys non-pa to keep the

spirits away from the fields during harvest

by hatchets etc. stuck in the ground; po.

Kd-bai ydon sri mnan I have crushed, sub-

dued, the face of the snow (i.e. its sur-

face) that was adverse to me Mil.;sa ynon-du the sitting posture of a saint, when his

left hand rests in his lap, and his righthand hangs down, keeping down, as it

were, the earth and her powers; cf. mnyani-

bzdy. Frq. also: mya-ndn-t/i/is,

r)e etc. to be overcome by misery, by com-

passion. 2. to overtake, to catch, to reach,

b,lti*-pa in the pursuit jl//7. and W. -

3. syo-na to brood, to hatch, eggs, .S7,.

II. W. lo team- non, for Ion, how old

is he?

nom-pa, pf. nomx, 1. (J. to be satis-

fied, contented (nom-pa?)- J. to

seize, to lay hold of (sndm-pa); Sc/i.: nonu-

nyity bycd-pa.

% nor I. (Ssk. vpj ,also ^g) 1 . wealth,

property, possessions, nor(-lu} </<>, I-/.,/

Mil. to suffer a loss of property; "nor yod-da* or *p6y-ya* W. have you suffered

damage or loss? *nor nyams cy-pu*U>n-ce* W., to examine the inventory, tin-

amount of property; pdys-pai nor bdu/t

Mil. the seven (spiritual) possessions of

a saint, v. Triy. 17; proverb: *rdii-nor-la

man mi-nor-la dhuy (sc. tar to)* (_'. look

upon your own property as a medicine,

upon that of others as a poison: thing,

substance, much the same as rdza*. '/.<nn.

(nif.). 2. more or less exclusively: money.

nor - la ltd-ba to care for money, to be

avaricious, easily bribed etc.; nor skyi-bu

to borrow money, norbsri-ba to save money,

to scrape together; nor soy-joy-pa to ac-

cumulate riches. S.Sch.: cattle, even in

such phrases as: nor Jciiy-pa the pairing

of cattle. Sch., nor-tlpon Desg. chief neat-

herd (provincialism of ('.?). 4. heritage,

inheritance, bko-ba to divide (it among tin-

heirs); pd-nor heritage from the lather,

md-nor heritage from the mother. - 5

symb. num.: 8 (cf. nor-Uia).

Comp. m'r -skul inheritance, hereditary

portion; ;ioV-,s/v//-/v/</w.s funds, capital .I///. -

nor -ryyitu imperishable riches C's.

;nor-

rt/i/iin-ma a goddess, nor -am wealthy,

opulent, rich ' nor-bihni i. a man of

wealth. 2. an heir. :i. a money-changer, usurer,

Hi'id. *?fT^P^ nor-bdag-mo fern, of it:

also n. of a goddess ; ndr-bdag-bu heir.

nt'n-- du* /'/-. the gathering of taxes. n6r-

brnab-can covetous, greedy of money.-

nor-pyiiys amount, or stock of cattle, nor-

bru store of corn. nor-bu v. that article

~E:.::r lwli-ba, pf. no,i,. to commit a fault,to make a mistake, to commit one's

self, i:i lION' what hMC I done nmis,? bddgfila luJ,i'.par ,,(li-lim' J"Ildd-pu btJyj, I havetllllS been injured without my fRuIt D:l.;llotis-pa fault, crime, ml,;,t(.Jla) mi h!Jhl-fHl1I0t to commit a fRuh or crimc DzI.; h::dllpa to IJMdon, to forgiYe, v. b::dd-pa; nOlis1m b.:dd-p(u' )'SiJl-b/1 to :\Sk pardon for l\

fault colllmiUcd (in C. c,'cn: "l11M-pa 1011I."a"); mM"pa-can wJpable, liable to punish.ment; "Mli-can-lli (')pe-ra" W; a reprchcnsible speech.¥~:r ndli8-pa resp. no more alive, dead

D:l., lje-bt8(m M-U 1IIa no,i'-parlw,,-pa tbnt your Heverencc bas lwivedsRfe and souud Mil.

~·tr, ~~::;;q ~dJ-pa, 1II1llkl.pa, ~f. a.ndImp. 1I1IlOS, to receIve m·

struction, directions, favoul'S, from nsuJlerior,esp. priest, D::l., Glr.; but olso to rccei"eJlunislullent.~"r non-l,a I. also )7Idn-pa, pf. rmm,

milan,!. 10 press, "mali-po 1IIa Mn"do not press too h:ud! "llan.fe lie·Ce" W:to 0lltU a Illing by Ilressing; with or withoutrJ.:al' _pa, to trend under foot, to crusll;to pour over, to cover with, ,a" blJe-mas, withcarlll, with sand; to be drenched, (dr-pcuby n. shower of rain Dzl.; to my over, too,'erilly with Tal'. 9, 11,21 j more frq. fig.to oppress, suppress, overcome, conquer,humble, keep under, m(d-ba l!l'ml$-~'!li, thegreat people by laws Glr.; enemi~s frq.;evil spirits by mngic, e.g. 'N rmil/-pa bybUI)'ing llcads of animals in the j:l:round,in order Ihat the evil spirits may remainslaut up there; bgtfJ$ 1101l.pa to keep thlJspirits away from the fields during harvestby hntchets etc. stuck in the ground; po.ld-bai rdon .ri'lll/all I llave crushed, subdued, the face of the snow (i. e. its su....face) that Wl\S ad"erse to me Mil.; III r"OIl(lu the sitting posture of a. saint, l\'hen hislef~ hand reals in his lap, lUId his l'igbthanl} hangs dOWll, keeping down, as itwere, the ellrth lind her powers; cf. 1I111lJamMUy. - Frq. abo: lIlya-na·Ji·!J!I~. l'IJ1Jf~~

no,~. 'lor

r)n etc. to be OferCOllle by m~ry, by conlplISSion. - 2. 10 overtake, to catch, to reacll,lxlu, - pat in the pursuit Mil. and W. _3. '90"';« to brood, 10 hatch, eg~, &10.

II. W: to tJalH'lIon, for lon, how oldis he?~':r n6m-pa, pl. 110111-1, L Q:. 10 be satis-

fied, contenled (>tom-pa') - 2. toseize, to lay hold of ("10/11-]'>«); &1,.: "0/11'

"yuy by&1--pa.¥-. 1lor 1 (S$~. \f1f, aho If!) 1. wealth,pr1)perty, possessions, 1IOr(-la) !JfX1.pu

Alil. to suffer II. loss of propert)'; "1\01" gdd_da" or "fxJg - flU" lV. ha"e you suffcreddll.mnge or loss? "Mr lIyll"'" e(,'-pu" C.,"lbl·Ce" H~, to examine the ill\'entllry, theamount of property; pug,- pai 1101' WUIi

Mil. the sC"eu (spiritual) possessions ofa stlint, v. Tl1g.17; proverb: "ra,i-ll0,,-I,,1/lan 1/l(-Mr-la d/lug (sc. tar @)" C. lookupon ),our own Ilrol'erty l\S lI. medicine,upon that of otbers as a poison; thing,substance, much the same AS rdza', ZUlU.

(oi f.). - 2,more or less exclusively; money,110r _ la ltd - ba to tare for money, to lieIIvnricious, easily bribed etc.; 71Cr dyi.bato borrow Ploney, Mr blri_ba to $~ne mOMy,to strnpe togelber; /lor 'ou-J69-l'll to aecumulnte richc;l. - 3. &11.: caille. c"ell in .such plira.ses :\s: 11{11" o/lrig-l'fJ the pairingof CAttle. &1•., llCr-f/pon IkIy. c1lief neathllrd (llrovineinlislD of e,). - 4. heritage,inheritance, bA'd-ba to Ili"ide (it nmong lh('Ileirs); fxi -1IOr heritllj:l:c from t!l(' (/llher,1Il/i-ll(1r heritage from the II10th('r. - 5symb. num.: 8 (d. HOt·-/A(1).

Compo f16r_d·al inherilance, hereditaryportion; lwl·...J.:al-,·/l(j/nJ funds, capital.l/il.flO!' - rgy(m imperisllable riches c..; MI'

NJlJim - ma a goddess, 710!' - elIN wealthylopulent, rich lA. - 1t6r.bd«g I. a man ofwealth. 2.an heir. 3.a money·changer,usurt!f.Hilld.~, ll&r_hdag·"10 fem. of it;also D. of a. godde&ti; 1Idr-lK1(l~ heir. n6"'01Iu, Pur. the gathering 01 taxes. - norbrlJab-ct11i eO\'etllus, greedy of MIone)'. Mr-I~Y"9$ amouul, or stock of caull:, 1lOf'

.brit sklI'l\ otoonl. - n.or-btt ". that articll.'

308

*T nor-ba*

yndn-ba

nor- dzin po. the earth. nor-rdzds =nor I., 1 . B. and col. nor-llia = ku-be-

ra, god of riches;there are eight such gods.

II. v. sub nor-ba.

* nor-ba to err, to make a mistake, to

commit a fault, yas Opul nor-ro it

is wrong (to write it) with the prefix y

Gram.', nor son it is a mistake, I (thou,

he etc.) am wrong; Ka, Ida -pa, lam nor

son, it was a slip of the tongue, I got hold

of the wrong thing, I lost my way; to

stray, de-las Odi-ru from one thing to

another Thgy.; mi-nor-ba, ma-nor-ba, nor-

ba-med-pa infallible, not liable to fail, e.g.

of a charm; where one cannot miss or go

wrong, lam; mi-nor-bar, strictly accordingto prescription or direction. - - nor -

ba,

nor -pa Cs. 1. a wanderer, from the right

way. 2. an error, a mistake. -- nor- lcrul

id., irq.; nor-ra-re Sch.: he might possibly

he mistaken.

- nor-bu (*{$) 1 . jewel, gem, precious

stone,

nor -bu- can adorned with

jewels, set with precious stones; nor-bu-pa,nor-bu-mfcan Cs. a jeweler, a connoisseur

of gems ;nor - bu- Opreii

- ba a rosary or

chaplet composed of precious stones; also

as title of a book; nor-bu rtn-po-ce, f^--

nTT*Tf% a veiT costly jewel; also jewel,

par excellence, a fabulous precious stone,

the possession of which procures inex-

haustible riches; ace. to Wdk. 488, it has

the shape of an oval fruit of the size of

a large lemon. -- 2. a noun personal, or

family name, much in use. 3. gen. pro-

nounced *nar-ru, nor-ro*, good, excellent,

noble, e.g. mi, Bal., Pur.

nor-so, nor-so-can, Wdn. 173, 11;

182,4?

dkOJ'n*ndl-ba to agree, to come to terms

6s.

f"|" nos-pa v. nod-pa.

nya-gro-dha Ssk., Ficus indica,=

fi byan-cub-sin.

yndg-pa, a secondary form of nag-

pa, of rare occurrence, 1. black;

ynag-sbdqs sooty Sch.; ynag-pyugs black

cattle, esp. the yak; ynag rta lug ysumcattle, horses, and sheep, these three

; ynag-

kyu a herd of cattle; ynag-rdzi a keeperof cattle, cow-herd

; ynag-lhds an enclosure

for cattle. 2. fig. black-hearted, wicked,

impious. 3. (looking black upon) frowning;

Glr. fol. 96 : sems sin-tu yndg-par byun (not-

withstanding theirfriendly appearance) theyhad a spite against each other in their

hearts. 4. sbst. misfortune, grief, affliction,

pain, yndg-pa dan Iddn-pa unfortunate, un-

happy Sty. ; *nag-can* W. cruel, tormenting;

*nag stdn-pa* Ld. to torture, to torment.

- 5. Sch.: (well) considered, (carefully)

weighed in the mind; v. however brndg-pa.

yndn-ba I. vb., pf. ynan(s), imp.

ynon, B., C. (in W. stsdl-ba is gen.

used ior yndn-ba) 1. to give, resp., i.e. onlyused when a person of higher rank gives

or is asked to give; cf. Obul-ba; *ddg-ladd-wa cig-gi pog kydb-rog ndh -wa zu* C.

please, have the kindness to give me mymonth's pay; sometimes it is preceded bya pleon. rjes-su, Cs., to bestow, to confer,

upon, frq. ;to commit to, to place under a

person's care, e.g. a pupil (resp. for ytod-

pa) Mil.; to grant, to concede, what has

been asked, yndh - du ysol (ancient lit.),

yndn - ba zu (later lit.) I request you to

grant; skur-yndtl mdzdd-pa mKyen-mtfyenI beg you for the favour of sending me . . .

(in modern letters) ;to allow, permit, approve

Of, assent to, ysegs-par yndn-no he acceptedthe invitation, he promised to come Dzl.;

bdag rdb-tu Obyun-ba(r) ynon zig allow meto take (holy) orders, to become a priest

Dzl.; bdag ni sbyin-pa zig byed-kyis ynon

zig allow of my making a donation Dzl.;

de bzin-du yndn-no yes, I permit it Dzl.;

yid bzin-du yndn-no we allow it; do ac-

cording to your pleasure! ci ynan v. ci

I., 4. In a looser sense: blon-por ynan-no he appointed him his minister; miyndii-

ba to forbid, prohibit, cos byar mi yndn-bai

Krims bcas he published a prohibitory law

concerning the exercise of religion Glr.;

(bkas') ma ynan Pth. he refused it, declined

to grant it, byon-du ma ynan he refused

308

- 1loJ··odzfn po. the earth. - not'-rd::d, =1101' I., 1. JJ. nnd col. - 1/(1,,-111« ... Jm-lJe..ra, god of riches; tbere are eight such gods.

n. v. sub ndr-bu.~...q' 110/'-l.>a 10 err, to make a mistake, to

commit a fault, fJa. ,Jiul nor- ro itis wrong: (to write it) witll tllC prefix}'Gram.; 1101' soli it is a mist.'lke, I (thou,lIe etc.) am wrong; l/a, 1d9 - pa, lallt norson, it was a slip of the tongue, I got holdof the wrong thing, I lost my way; tostray, dl-[«$ odE - I'll from one thing to

another '1'h9!J.; mi-IUJr-ba, ma-nrJr-ba, /lor·Ua-mld-pa infallible, not liable to fail, e.g.of a charm; where one cannot miss or gowrong, lam; mi-n6r-IJar, Shiell)' accordingto prescription or direction. - tidr - ba,'/lO" -pa u. t. a wanderer, from the rightway. ~. an error, a mistake. - nOI'.).'I-u.lid., fN).; n6r-ra-re Sell.: he wight possilJ1'jhe mistaken.~.~. 111:Jr-lm (liN) 1. jewel, gem. precious

slone, 11tk - bit - Can adorned withjewels, set with precious stones; fl,),'-!JU-pa,fl(jr-bu-m/..'un (il. a jeweler, a connoisscurof gems; 1/1.;" - bu - o!iren - ba l\ rosary ordlalilet cOlUJlosed of precious stones; :llsoflS title of a book; nOI'-b!~ rill-po-&, f"fift'Tm1U, II \'el'y costly jewel; also jewcJ,par excellence, 0. f:lbulous precious stone,tile possession of which IJlocures inexImustible riches; acc. to nat 488, it bnsthe shape of an oval fruit uf the size ofa huge lemon. - 2. a noun personal, orfamily n(lme, much in us('. - 3. gen. pronounced -lIor"ru, nor-1'o-, good, excellent,noble, e.g. mi, )lat., PUI'.

~.~ nOI'-30, 7101'-80-all1, Wd,i. 173, 11;182,4?

~.~. 710t-ba to agree, to come to terms(,8.

~'q' n08-pa v. 1IOd-pa.

dij'=ff"-=\" nya"!!~o'I~I? Ssk., Ficus indica, ...:- "1 bya'I-(1dJ-Sllt.

~~'q' rndg-pa, aSllcondary form 6£m19po. of rare occurrence, 1. black;

rna[l-8bdqs sooty Sdl.; rnag~P!lUgr 'black

tIff·~· )'nIM-ba

cattle, esp. the yak; J'1Ia;J ria lily )'81111l

cattle, horses, nnd sheel), tllese three; r'/(/[Ikyu a herd of cnttle; rna[l-n1d a keeperof cattle, cow-herd; ynag-lluls an enclosurefor catlle. - 2. fig. black-hearted, wicked,impious. - ~. (looking black upon)frewning;GIl'. fol. !)G; 8C1I13 jin-lu ywJ.!J-par 6111l1i (notwitbstauding tbeil'frienuly appearance) theyLad n spite against ench other in theirhearts. - 4. shst. misfortune, grief, affliction,pain, rllug-pa dan Wdn-pa unfortunate, unImppy Sf!I.; -nu[I-culI- lV. cruel, tormenting;-nag 8fun-PI~- L,'. to torture, to torment.- 5. &11.: (well) considered, (carefully)weighed in tile mind; v. however brllug-pa.~.~. J'1Id~-ba 1, v~.• pf. {~W'(3~, imp.

)"IlOII, n., G. (In lV. s18a1·OO IS gen.used for rntlli.ba) J. to give, £esp" i.e. oulyused when tl. person of higher rank g:ivesor is asked to give; cr. "bitl-ba; -i/ug-l,sdd-lra M[I-gi Jlog A:'1db-r0!l mUt-It'a iu- G1,lease, have thc kindness to give me mymonth's pay; sometimes it is preceded hyn 1)\000. l)eS-SU, CiI., to bestow, to confer,upon, fl'q.; to commit to, to place under averson's care, e.g. a pupil (resp. for rlod.pa) Nil.; to grant, to concede, what basbeen asked, {nd,l _du f8<Jl (andent lit.),rnu,i -1m zu (Intel' lit.) J request you togrant; 3{1l''-fJld,i md::dd-pa mhYClI-mlhjifiI beg yOIl for the favour of sending me ...(in modern letters); to allow, permit, approveof, assent to, }"Ufllt-pal' rmJ,i.no he acceptedthe imitation, he promised to CODle Dzl.;bdag rd1J..tu "b!l'i/'-ba(l') yM" 'H[lltllow meto take (hol}') orders, to become a prit'StD::{.; lxlag 1/1 w,JIIl-pu ::ig byld-k!Jis )'/IO,i

il9 ollow of my maltiug It donation D::1.;de lJ"!:lII-dU y'luI,-,io yes, I !lermit it Dzl.;'!lid bzln-du rlldn-l'0 we allow it; do according to your pleasure! - i:i rnUli v. i:i1., 4. - In a looser sense: bldn-pOl' TllIl,,1io he appointed him his minister; fIli{'1d/iba to forbid, prohibit, ro3 byar fill )'nd/i-bailfrbm lJ(:aJj he publisbed a prohibitory lawconcerning the exercise of religion Gll'.;(Mus) ma {JiUli Pfll. he refused it, declinedlO... grnnt it, b!J'ln-du tIla fnaJi be refused

yuan* ;/

to come Glr. 2. sometimes to command,to order, complete form: bka ym'n'i-li<i;ynnii-

t*i<j xkiil-ba to order a person to do a thing/'///. 3. in complimentary phrases used

in ''. the precise meaning of yndn-ba is

not always quite obvious : ynaiwdgs mdzad-

pa (v. above) to give, to help to, to assist

in(?); *goii-pa fsom-pa ma nan*, do not

be put out, do not give way to any mis-

givings (towards me)! sometimes sna/i(q.v.)would make a better sense.

II. sbst. concession, permission, grant,

^gro-bai yndh-ba zii-ba Mil.; mi-las yndh-l>n fob -pa to obtain permission from a

person ;bka - yndn - ba (magisterial) per-

mission, order (of government) ; ynan-sbyln

very frq., gift, donation, present, ston-mo

ynan-sbyin a present of provisions Glr.;

gift of honour, reward, favour, privilege, price

of victory held out etc.

ynans adv. 1. on the third day,

e.g. he came Glr.; gen. of the

future: the day after to-morrow, san ynans

Glr.', *fo-re ndii-la* W. to-morrow and the

day after to-morrow; san ^ro yna/is ^gro

yod-pa i/in to-morrow or the day after to-

morrow I must be off Pth.; ynans-yzes on

the third and fourth day Lex. 2. ynans-? rather (too) large, ynans-am rather (too)

small Mil.nt.

mxr- ynad, Ssk. *T*H- 1. the main point,

object or substance, the pith, essence,

ynad ^/rol-ba to explain the main point

Mil.; ynad-don the proper meaning, the

|iitliof the matter Tar., Schf.; *yndd-ses-

inl,:

<in* W. one that knows athing thoroughly,that is up to it, knows how to do it; *m/>

-]>a, nt'-kyi zu-wa bul-wa* C. to excuse

one's self, to defend or justify one's self

(prop, to account for the circumstances

that led to an action) ; *pog da pog ; nad-

du (or nad -ban) ma feb* W. I have hit

(him), but not mortally; so B.: ymitl-dit

*n f<n-pa to pierce mortally. 2. in ana-

tomy : by ynad bdun, or 'the seven impor-tant parts of the body', ace. to S. g. are

meant: flesh, fat, bones and veins, and cu-

, don, and snod (Wise, Hindoo Me-

dicine p. 69, gives a somewhat diflen-ut

explanation). 3. in mysticism: the seven

physical conditions requisite for successful

meditation, l<ii/-jm /////" ///-/o//-/>/ /o/</-pa

(the hands joined over the stomach in such

a manner, that the fore-joints of the fingers

cover each other, whilst the thumbs are

stretched out without touching), lux r<l<>-

rje-xkyil-kruh sddd-pa, gal-tsig mda Ifnr

srun-ba, dpuit-pa rg6d-og-pa Itnr *rin't-bu,

miy ana-rttter Jiebs-pa, nicu raii- bul>-tn

bzdy-pa, Ice-rise ya-dkdn-lu nbijtu--bd ; tl

are also sems-Kyi ynad Mil. certain con-

ditions of the mind required, such as ab-

staining from rt6g-pa, speculative thinking.

yndn-pa v. non-pa.

"

yndb-pa v. mndb-pa.

cnT- ynam 1. heaven, Sky,= ndm -

/;/,</;

yndm-ga id. Cs.; yndm-gyi go-la the

sphere or globe of heaven ('&.(?);

ba Mil, mentioned in connexion with an

earthquake, and prob. corr. translated bySchr. with thunderstorm, tempest; *nam

kar-kd-r* W. now the sky is cloudless, now

overcast (inst. of *dkar- kor* f) : ynum-syo\. Sch. the gate of heaven (*). 2. C. trap-

door. - -ynam-lcags, piam-lcc ( is. thunder-

bolt, lightning that has struck; ynam ->/<;/;

the thirtieth day of the lunar month, tlu-

day of new moon 7^/<.; *nani-fu/i* W. serene

sky, fine weather. ynam-fcl-dkdr-po Glr.

99 is said to be a deity of the Horpa or

Mongols, as likewise ti<t-f<'l-n<i</-]>.ami Imr-

fcf-/,:

rd-bo. --}'ii<it/t-t/n/<t

I'f/i. shooting an

arrow straight up into the air. yn<iin~r>ln

C's. =j nai/i-lcu*/*, S,-/u: hail. yimm-:lum

vault of heaven >V//. j-nam-yds Glr. !">

is said to be a n. p., the name of a build-

ing.--

ynani-rii, resp. for j-$u, bow (for

shooting), ( 's. rainbow. yntim-aa heaven

and eartb, yinim-su bnlt'b-ptt team so that

heaven and earth were mixed Glr. "2. r.

mini, faulty, incorrect

m*Qq' ynd-ba Glr , Lt^ rnab Sg., 1*1. *M-

po, fern, mi-mo*, an antelope, found

in lsd.,Sp.,Kiin.. A'.y<// anil other count!

~(~)' )'/111/;"

to come GlI·. - 2. sometimes to command,to order, cowplete f01111: blm )"llIiIi-lJa; y,uiil_("ig a/..',il-bll to order l\ persoD to do l\ thing1'tI1. - 3. in eomplimentary pbrases usedin C. the llreeise meaning of fmit; - ba isnot alwft)'s quite ob"ious: }"IlUn-rdtf8111(/::ad1H1 (v. Above) to giw~, to Ilelp to, to assistin(i'); ·!Jf;';·pa (wm_pu ",a lImi·, tlo notbe put out, do not give way to any misgi\'ings (townrdsme)! 9Owetimesanmi(q.v.)would make a better senS<'.

1I. sbst. concession, permission, grant,d1rd-lJai )'lIdil·ba zu-ha Mil.; lIli-laa Y/ldilba fJiJ-pa to obtain permission from aperson; bka - flldl; - ba (magisterial) permission, order (of government); f/laii.wyinvery frq., gift, donation, present, stdn-11IO)"lIaii-sbyill n. present of provisions Gll'.;gift of honour, reward, fayour, privilege, priceof victory held out etc.:qr.(~)' J11mia ndv. 1. on the third day,

e. g. be Cllme Glr.; gen. of thefuture: the day after to-morrow, aUl; fllal;a

Glr.; ·(6-rt mili-lu· IV. to-morrow and tbeday lifter to-morrow; sail o!JfO ynails o!Jl'Oydd-pu !Ii" to-morrow or the day after tomorrow I must be off Ptll.; fnan!-yZh onthe third and fourth day I...,.l'. - 2. ynwis"U rather (too) large, jIlUl;s-mn rather (too)small Mil.nt.ttn-· jMd, Ssk. 1I~'l. 1. the main point,

1 object or substance, the pith, essence,j/lad o!I'Yil-lm to explain t11e main pointMil.; jnad-don the proper meaning, theIlillJ of the malter Tar., &11/; ·y"dd.scs'111/..'<11'·11'. one that knowsatbingthorollglily,that is up to it, knows how to do it; ·1':'Sr'-]/(I. lIr'-/,;-yi ="·'ca bM-II:a· C. to excuseone's 9(>]f, to defend or jnstify one's self(prop. to account for the cireumstflllcesthat led to fin nction); ·llou du i1O!J; naddl~ (or 'lad _ call) '111/1 (t!J. lV. I hM'e bit(him), but not mortally; 90 ll.: }'1Illtl-duIIllitl-j'.ta to pierce mortally. - 2. in alHItomy: by rnad MUll, or 'the ge\'en important ptlTts of tile body', BCC. to S'9' Ilremel\llt: lIe.dl, fat, bones and veins, and Ctt'fY!/ws, dOll, and allad (JrislC lIil1l1lXldlle·

30.

dieine p.60, gives II iOlllewhllt differentexplanation). - 3. in mysticism: the sevenl'hysiclll conditions requisite for 'UCCClll5fulmeditatioD, lUg'INI JlmYlw,-bzll;r11l bzag-IN'(tlle hands joined O"er the stomllch in ,uch1\ mnnner, thnt the Core·joints of the fiugenco\'er eacb other, whilst tile thumb, Arcstretched out without toudling), (~, 1'110

rje.d:yil-kritil s.ldd.]>a, !Jal-(rifj lIldll Ital'a,u,i-ha, dpuil'lJU r!Jdd-iJoy-pa ltar ,nui-lJa,mi!J ./la·,·h<Cr .MJs·llU, 111m ,·ait ••bub-/ubzu!I_pu, li:i-,·tu yu-dltun-ia sbyti,..~; therenrc also rems-Til}i ]'1Iad Mil. cerl<\in COli'

ditions of the mind required, such 3S AI!·

staining fromrldg-pa. sl'ecuillti\'c tl.inkiog.

~:r )"uln""}Xl \'. min_1m

~':.s' jlllib-pa v. 1II1Idb-JKt.

~;f- ]'1lam 1. heaven, sky, - 11dm • ,"fa;)"him""flC' id. Ca.; jndm-gyi g&.ltl the

sphere or globe of heaven C,. (?); }.,lalll09yUr.ba MI1, lllE'ntioned in c<tlllluion witll linearthquake, aod proh. corr. trllDslAted b)&/11'. with thunderstorm, tewVe:;t; ·"UII'kur.l,jr· n: now the sky is c1oudleso:, nowO\'erell~t (iose. of .d/.-ar-.J.'QlII7): )"lum-sgo1. $ell. the gate of heaven(?). 2. e trapdoor. - jll/.lIll-/ta!p, Tllam·Nt [I:. thunder·bolt, lightning that lias struck; )'/Iam-stdilthe thinietb day of the lunnr month, theday of new Dloon PIli.; ·/lam_Mil· JI!. SCl'('lle

sky, line weatlier. - y"am-(tl-ffKlir-po GIl'.99 is snid to be n deil)' of tI,e 1I0rva orMongols, a~ likewi,;e aa·frl-IWg-pO, nnd bur{el-~tru·bo. - r"ulll.",d(t Pili. ~hootillg \11I

llrrow strnigltt ull into tlle IIiI'. - )'11I;"'-I~hl

C•. _, llalll-ltIUf/I, &Ar. hail. - )'"UIII_;;{';III

nult of heM'en &1.. - "lam_yd. GIl'. 95is said to be n n. 1'., the name of Abuilding. - )'Ila!lt_ni, resp. for T~N, bow (forshooting), C•. rainbow. - )'rl/illl--&a IIC1lveli

nnd eArtb, )'111111I411 brdlb-1Jf.1 twill 80 tllatIlcAvcn and earth were mixed Glr. - 2. v.naill, faulty, incorrecl~'.:::r )'l1/l-llll GIl'. !.t., n1ab Ss., IA. ·,,,iT1 ' po, fCIlI. ,1(; ....1(1., an antelope, fountl

.i!l /;d.,§,zl.,)(JfIl.,N..p/.Illllld othercountr;e5;

310

ynd-bo ynds-pa

its flesh is well-tasted, and its hair is sup-

posed to cure cases of poisoning (!) Med.

Hook., (Him. Journ. II, 132) seems to mean

this animal by his 'gnow', prob. confound-

ing yna with ynyan (q.v.) which latter, ace.

to Cunningham's Ladak p. 198, and by the

statements of the natives, is the argali.

ynd-bo ancient Cs.; yna-sndn form-

erly, in old times Cs.; ynd-dus Lex.

former times, time of yore; ynd-nas ma mfoh

never seen or heard of before Dzl.; ynd-

rabs Cs. men who lived in old times, the

ancients.Cv

&J' ynd-mi Lex. w.e.; Sch. witness.

- P|ace >

sa(-Kydd\ sa-cd) dben-pai ynas sig

a lonely place; mfo-bai ynas a raised place,

an elevation Dzl.; ynds-na Qdug-pa, ynds-

su sdod-pa the being somewhere, ynds-su

cgro-ba the going somewhere, ynds-nas

skrod-pa the expelling from a place Gram.- 2 place of residence, abode, dwelling-

place, (in W. not in use) fnas Jbebspa Sch.,

Ocd-ba Ma., Odebs-pa, to establish one's self

at a place, to settle, ynas ytoti-ba, som-pa,

to quarter, lodge, take in, a person Sty., ynas

med-par Ogyur-ba to become homeless; a

house, family, or race no longer existing,

extinct, Dzl.; ynds-su son-no they returned

to their place, their home Dzl. ; ynas dan

skyabs med -par Ogyitr -ba to be at one's

wit's end, not knowing what to do Schr.

3. a holy place, place of pilgrimage ;her-

mitage, monastery; *nds)al-pa, nds-kor-pa*

W. a pilgrim; *dor-je-lih-gi nr* the her-

mitage, or Buddhist parsonage in Darjee-

ling; ace. to Sch. also Lama, cf. mcod-ynas.

4. a clerical dignity or degree, ynas sbyin-

pa to confer such Sch. 5. (cf. the Latin

locus') object, like yul, but not so frq., gdd-moi ynas an object of laughter; no - fsai

ynas words, actions, which ought to be an

object of shame Schr.; point, head, item

Was. (225); sphere, province, fig. S.g.', rig-

pai ynas Ina the five classes of science.

ynas Qyyur-ba Sch. : to appear embodied (?) ;

ynds-su Ogyur-ba and byed-pa S.O. and

elsewh.?

ynds-pa, (imp. prob. only in the

periphrastical form ynds-par byos)

1. to be, live, lodge, dwell, stay, of persons,animals and things, mndl-na ynds-pai Kyeuthe babes in their mother's womb Dom.- 2. to remain, hold to or on, adhere to, e.g.

a doctrine, opinion, way of acting etc., dge-ba bcu-la ynds-pa to persevere in the ten

virtues; bydms-pai sems-la ynds-pa to

remain, to continue in love; in a generalsense: cos-la ynds-pa 'one abiding in re-

ligion', a clerical person Dzl. ^, 13; to

exist permanently, opp. to the moment of

first taking existence Was. (278). 3. to

hesitate (?).-- rdb-tu ynds-pa v. rdb-tu.

Comp. and deriv. (also of ynas): ynds-skabs 1. state, condition, or perh. more ac-

curately period, mfidl-gyi ynds-skabs Itdr-

Itar-po Lex. 2. temporal life, ynas-skabs-kyi

bde-ba temporal happiness (opp. to mfdr-

fug-gi snyiii-po, or don, Jbrds-bu, Schr., the

essence or result of perfection, here, there-

fore,= eternal felicity); ynds-skabs -fse-yi

bar-ycod mi Obyun-zin if my temporal life

be not endangered.--

ynds-Kah dwelling,

dwelling-house or room Dzl; ynds-Ean-la

soys -pa a furnished house or room Dzl.

-ynas-cen a great resort of pilgrimage,

a great sanctuary Tar. ynas brtdn (loco

firmus, stabilis, lit. translation of ^ff^n^1. firm, 2. old) an elder, senior, n. of the

(16) highest disciples ofBuddha; afterwards,

when various schools had been formed, n.

of the orthodox Buddhists, Burn. I, 288;

Kopp. I, 383; Was. (38). (Cs. seems to have

confounded brtan with brten, when he trans-

lates: subaltern, vicar). ynds-po host,

landlord, master of a house, head of a fa-

mily C., ynds-mo fern. Glr. ynas-mdl Lex.,

^TRTT, sleeping-place, night

-quarters,

couch Schr.', Cs. dwelling-place (?) ynas-med v. ynas 2. ynas ytsdh-mai ris n. p.,

name of an abode of the gods. ynas-

fsdn dwelling, quarters, lodgings, mi-la ynas-

fsdii yydr-ba to ask for a lodging; to be

310

its n(!sh is well-tn.stcd, anu its hllir is supposed to cure cnses of poisoning(!) Aled.1100/."., (Him. Joum. II, 132) seems to mellutliis animal by his 'gnow', prob. confounding pia with myan (q.v.) which Intler, ace.to CunnioghlUll's Lndnk p. 1\)8, und by thestatements of the natives, is the argnli.

~a:::f rna-bo ancient C8.; /,1I(I--$,iOIl form-erly, in old times C.s.; fnd-dll-s La.

former times, time of yore j }'lId-nas ma m(OIi

uCl'cr seen or hCl\rd of before D::l.; rndmm (" men who lived in old times, theancients.

~~. l'nd-mi I..A>J:. w.e.; &1,. witness.

~"t' rnus 1. place, spot, fJ., C, (in W.~a (-~,!!arl), w-cd) dben-p«i )'IWS Mg

n lonely plnce; II/(Q.-bai fna. n raised plaC(',au elc\'ation fri.; rnd8-1/a odllg-pU, j'mi$

811 sdM-pa the being somewhere, fllUs-m

~9ro - ba the going somewhere, j'l/(i8 - 1W8

d'Iw-pa t.he expelling from ll. place Gram.- 2 place of residence, abode, dwetlingplace, (in W: not in use) ,n(U J)eb~pa &1t.,J:d·bu Ma., odt~~a, to establish one's selfat n pll\ce, to settle, 1'1m; rttM-lm, som-pa,to quarter, lodge, take in, a Ilerson Stfl., rnas'111M-par oflYUI'-ba to be{:owe homeless; a.house, family, or race no longer existing,extinct, Dd.; rna~-~ll ~IM-,io thcy returnedto tlleir plac!.', t.heir home Dd.; rnaa ({aliJ.yab& lIIhl - pa,' o9!Jur - ba to be at one'swit's end, Dot kllOwing wbat to do Sellr.- a. a holy place, place of pilgrimage; her·mitage, mllnastery; ~lIaa)al-pa, lltif-kor.pa~

W. a pilgrim; ~®r-)e-liil-fli Ilf~ the hel'mitage, or Buddhist parsonage in Darjceling; ace. to &h. nlso l,ama, d.lIlcdd-f1ll.la.- 4. a clerical dignity or degree, rnQJl sbyi//;pa to confer such &11. - 5. (cf. the Lntinlocus) objec~ like yul, but not so frq., gddmuj J'1l1U an object of laughter; 1;0 - (aairnas words, actions, which ought to be anobject of shame &!lr.; point, head, itemWas. (22:i); sphere. prOVince, fig. S.g.; rig

pai rnaa ilia the tire classes of science. fllW o!l!Jul'-ba Sdl.: to appear embodied (?);

1

rlltif-au .9yUr - ba and b!Jid -11a S.D. ande1scwh.?~'q' rnds-pa, (imp. "rob. ollly in lbe

periphmsticnl fornl rnda-par bp)1. to be, live, lodge, dwell, stay, of persons,animals nod tbings, JllIidl-na r'uis-pai I..'yrttthe babes in their mother's womb Dom.- 2. to remain, hllld to or on, adhere to, e.g.0. doctrinc, opinion, way of acting etc., dfliba bUt-la rnaa-pa to per~e\'cre in thc tenvirtucs; bylillu-paj !hlls_la rnda-pa torcmain, to continue in 10\'e; in a generalsCllse: (&-la rntif.pa 'one abiding iu religion', 1\ clerici'll person Dd.;:.-~ ]3; toexist permanently, opp. to the moment offirst \..'\king existence WIU. (278). - 3. tohesitate (?). - j'ub-tu rllda-pa v. rab-tu.

Compo and deriv. (also of rn<"UI): J'1llisJ;aba I. state, condition, or perb. more accumlcly period, m;,dl-gyj rluis-skaba ltarltar_po Lu. 2. temporal life, rllas-d:aba-I..:lJilxlt-ba tempoml happiness (oIIP. to m(Jr(uy-gi allyili-l'o, or dtm, obrds-bu, &111'., tilecsselll:e or result of perfection, lJerc, therefore, _ eternal felicity); tnds-sk«bs-fse-y;bar-rixkl mi obyuil-zili if my tempoml lifebe not cndallgered. - rntif-I..'ail dwelling,dwelling-house or room Dd.; rnlis-fali-wSOfia -1'" 1\ furnished house nr room Dzl.- rna3-etn a great rcsort of Ililgrimage,1I grCAt sallctuar)' 'lal'. - )'Ilm; brtdn (locofirmus, stabilis, lit. translation of lffl~

I. firm, z. old) an elder, senior, n. of thc(16) highest disciples ofBuddha; l\fterwards,when various scllOols had been formed, n.of the orthodox Buddhists, Burn. J, 288;Kupp. I, 383; W(l3. (38). (Cs. scems to 1J:l'\'cconfounded brian with bl'ien, when he translates: subaltern, vicnr). ~ rlltif· po hos~

landlord, master of a house I head 01 a family C., rnds-mo fem. GIl'. - rl1m;-mdl /..A!."c.,'Q'tIH1", sleeping -place, nig-ht - qUl\rtcrs,couch &111'.; OJ. dwelJillg-lllllce(?) - rllas"ltd V. rnas 2. - r'llU rtsu/i-ma; 1"l8 n. p.,name of on llbode of the gods. - )'IUI3

(sli,1 dwelling, quarters, lodgings, mi_ld )'1las(sdli nldr.ba to l'Sk for a lodgiug; to be

o

lodged, to be received into another's liouse

T<n-.\ 'iti'-f'stin eju/i* ('. you will be lodged

here, you may stay here (over night), W.

*il(t/i-8a* -ynas-fsiil I. the state in which

one is, good or bad, condition of life, >r///.s-

//// tin- state of one's soul or heart. 2. an

account, of one's state of mind. 3. story,

tale, narration; event, col. 4. in philosophy:

the reality of being (opp. to non-existence)

M'</.s. (-5)7). ynas-yzi i.- ynasS, Tar.frq.

2. the locative, that case which relates to

l>ring in or at a place Gram. ynds-lugs

1. position, disposition, arrangement, /*-////

arrangement of the parts of the body, the

science of anatomy Med. 2. in mysticalworks: ynds-lugs rtogs-pa the knowledge of

the essence of things, the knowledge ot all

things, or in a Buddhist sense, of the non-

existence of all tilings, Tar. and elsewh,

-ynas-bsdd 1. topography and geography

col. 2. narration of legendary tales con-

nected with some holy place.- -

ynds-sa

(v. ynds-pa) the permanent residence of a

person, or the constant place of a thing,

opp. to *bor-sa* W. temporary place or re-

sidence; place, room, in general, *ne-sa ydt't-

pa dug* W. there is much room here. -

ynas-bsruit 1. W. ('locum tenens') earnest,

earnest-money, pledge, security; it might also

be used for ticket, ticket of admission etc.

2. Sch.: guardian, or warden of a monastery.

ynon 1. v. jnan-ba. --2. conscious-

ness of guilt ynon la it (his) conscience

smites (him) Mil.; gyod-cih ynon bkiir-bai

sems repentance and a sense of guilt Dzl.

yn6n-ba 1. to be conscious of one's

guilt, to feel remorse, to be stung

in one's conscience, ynon-ziit Ogyod-pai sgo-

nas from a consciousness of guilt Pth.^noh-

Ogyod drdg-pos id. l*th. ; *non-iio Idii-na

fim-co de* C. where there is repentance,it is easy to pass judgment.

- - 2. to be

seized with anguish, as the effect of poison-

ing.

cn<3\^"r ynod-pa 1. vb. (cf. mad-pa) to hurt,

harm, injure, damage, rkun - jm- //

fnod-par O gyin--ii ildgs-pas in order not to

hurt one's foot Dzl.; ynod

-par Ogyur-bai

mini

</'//" a dangerous enemy I):l. ; 'ini-l

////<* W. (he or it) will hurt me. More

t'rq.: -J >b>t. damage, harm, injury. ////'/-/,

xkyM-lia, (ilr.. Mil.. */:///;/-//* H'. to do harm,

to inflict injury, to hurt, with In; ;////-/</ini'il- JHH\ mo

, <ii/nr-/ttix without any harm,

without injury Sch.; ;ww/-/>//>'< /-//;/> -//a v.

nyes-pa I. klui yn6d-pa damage done

by Nagas.--

ynod-*byiny ij^, a class of

demons.

'<$ yn<in-pa \. non-pa,

ynob v. mndb-pa.

inndg-pa Sch. = yndg-pa 5.

mnad-mndd Sch. : falsehood, ca-

lumny; W. *nad-ndd co-Kan* one

doing damage maliciously.

|" mndn-pa v. non-pa.

resp. for gyfo-]M, to

put on, nd-bza Lex. the garment; v. also

nabs.

i- mnab-rtsdl Cs. mean, worthless:

Lex. and Sch. : nourishment, food,

mnab-rtsdl-gyi bu(-fai) ( '*. : the child of an

indigent person, Sch.: foster-child: the word

is not much known.

iinidm-pa to Smell Of, era., dri-ina

gld-lxii r/'l - JIHI mnam as to it-

smell, it smells of the dung of a mu>k-

deer; to smell agreeably, to exhale fragrance,

e.g. the scent of lotus (?//.; more frq. to

smell badly, to spread an offensive smell,

to stink, rind man dri mnam profuse and

badly smelling perspiration Lt. ;In* li>

pa iinuint - pa (or -po} <// />:/- this tul

stinking body. Note: The transitive signi-

fication (to smell = to perceive by the nose)

belongs only to the form sndm-p<t, and

Dzl. V&, 14 should be translated: the me-

dicine stank.

j.inn (i oath, mna Ob6i-ba, </<>r-&o, fy/"/-

pa, ski/SI-hii Ji.*ki/<il-cf* II .. to take

an oath, to swear: Um /////-// MrfyMWimna fn/t''d-ja

to swear by the Lh:i Gli:\

di-skad l-cs mna bor-ro Dd.', bar dan

~a' )'1101'

lodged. to be rec(!h'~l into llDother'll !louseTw·.; ·flt'-(,wi JUli- G you will be lodgedhere, )'OU may stll.y !I~re (o\'er nigllt), IV:-'.!d';-,",- - J·IUI,-(~.l I. the state in whie!lOM is, gOo<l or bad, condition of lile, ~ml

J.:yi tile stale of one'l> soul or helut. 2. anaccount, of one's slAte of mind. 3. story,tal~, narration; event, col. 4. in pllilosophy:th~ reality of being (opP. to non-existence)W(III. (2tl7). - fllu'-r},! l. .. rnul3, '1'm·. fr"l'2. the locative, tlult Cl\Se which relntes tobeing in or at II Illo.ce Gram. - yntil-lu!J1I. position, disposition, arrangemen~ l",,-kyinrrll.ngement of the pnm of tile body, tl.escience of o.nntomy MM. 2. in mysticalworks: yndl-lllfJI rttJ[p-pa the knowledge ofthe essence of thing1, tbe knowledge 01 allthings, or in a Buddhillt sense, of the nonexistence of 1111 tJlings, Tw·. and el:rowll.- rnal -hilad I. topography and geographycuI. 2. nflJ'rntion of legendary tales connl'ctl'd wilh some 110Iy IJlace. - rlllb-Ila(v. ymil-pa) the permanent residence of aperson, or the coDslnDt place of a thing,0IIP' lo -bd,'-w- IV. tempornry place or residence; place, room, in general, -nf-$a yd,ipa du[/ lV. there is much room here. Y'IUI-~''liN. 1. W: ('locum tcnens') earnest,earnest-money, pledge, security; it might alsobe used for ticket, ticket of admission etc.2. &/1.: guardian, or warden of a monnstery.~. )"lOIi 1. \'. pmil.-lm. - 2. conscious-

.... ness 01 guill, r'lOli lwi (his) conscience;;ll\ites (him) .Mil.; oyyod·l:i,i y'10ii b/....,ir-bai$til" repelltnnce and a sense of guilt D::I.~a·.::r ynoli_ba 1. to be conscious of one's

guill, to feel remorse, 10 be stungin one's conscience, yMir-Zi'i oy!J6d-pai ~y6'11lI from n consciousness of guilt Pr.!l., molio!JI.J&d druy-po, id. Pill.; -'ldJi-,io Idli - .IaIjm-C!!' de- C. where there is repentllnce,it is eMy to 1'1lSl> judgment. - 2. to beseized with anguish, M tbe effect of poisoning. -~.~. mOd-]!a I. ,·b. (cf. ~nud-pa) to 1\Urt,

harm, injure, damage, 1'kdii - pll -faTIIdd-pal' o!J!Jlil'"9!1i ddyl-pUl in order not to!lurt one's foot D::l.; rnod - par _!l!Jiw-bai

" "

:JI1

d!Jrtl II. dnngcrou8 enemy D:l.; -.;a_III _tyill- IV. (lie or it) will burt mc. - Morefrll': 2. !lb~t. damage, harm, injury, 6y;J-JHI,J,yet-bu, Gil'., Mil., -J.:!J,il-i'~ It'. 10 do ha"",to Inflict injury, to hurt, ,,·itL. lu; y,w.I-plC1II(,(['plll', ilia o9.'1",·-mu wltllolllll.ll)' harm,without jujury &11.; ,,,/)/i-b!!tl.i-llrn-lH~ v.nyis·lJa J. - Hui ]'IIM-pa d"IDAge doneby Nn.gas. - plod-Ibyin, ~, II. c1lL'IS o(demons.

~''f ywin-l'tJ \'. •IOII-]'a.

~ J'Ilob v.lIllllib-JUI.

~Oflf.:r mOOg-1'a &It..:o rn6g-l'" 5.

~,,-'~~-' m'lad_J11l11ld &/1.: falsehood, ca·:] 1 lumny; W. -nad-,uid Mofan- one

doing dnmllg<l maliciously.

~~~,:r mndn_pu \'. ndn-pa.

~~.::r'f, (Qj)cy:::l''f fll1Idb-JHl, (y)ndb - pa,resp. for yyOn-,m, to

put on, 11d-b::a La. the gnnuent; Y. nlsoflalM.

~~.::r.3·(lr mnah-,·/.dl G. mean, worthless;Lu. twd &h.: nourishment, food,

1Ill1ab-"lflif-g!Ji bu(-(lIIl) (il.: the child oranindib'"<lnt person, &11.; fosler-child; the won!i~ not mueh Known.~~.~. "mulll-pa to smell of, ee"., ll"i-~la

UM - hai Tii - '"a 1111111"' a8 to ItsslO('lI, it slDells of the dung of '" muskdeer; 10 smell agreeably, to exhale fragrance,e.g. the seem of lotus GII'.; Inore fr"l' tosmell badly, to sprcnd I\U ofi'eusi"e Muell.to stink, riml IHwi d,.i HlIlllHl IlrOfuse lindbadly smelling perspiralion Lt.; lll~ bUOy]Ja "main -IJlJ (or -po) o,/i l);L this foulslinkiug bod)'. Note: The tranl>iti\'e si/{llification (10 smell _ to Ilcreeh'e b)' the no$<:)belongs only to the form nullll - 1"1, andD:i. 1):7, 14. should be traU$lllted: the medicine sUlDk.oR..v.l· 1I11la oath, 1m", oUn-ba, _tl,;r-ba, b!lM-

-I" pa, "*.'liPm 11, -k!lfl1_(~ W. to takean oath, to swear: fhll dJHi"~/ll bt~~"·N(J)j

"ma byill-llfl 10 swellr b)' Ihe l.IL:a Glr.;di-d:ad e:t;! 111M lxW-ro D:I.; bar fkui ",nd-

o

312

mna-ma

dpan byed-pa to act as a mediator and

witness of the confirmation of the peace

by oath Glr.;*mna zd - ba* C. to swear

falsely, to commit perjury.

^j. mnd-ma Dzl. and elsewh., Cs.: a

son's orgrand-son's wife, a daughter-

in-law; but the word is also used for the

daughter-in-law <in spe', i.e. for the bride

of the son, who is usually selected by the

parents and lives with these for one or two

years before being married; so also bride-

groom and son-in-law are nearly synon-ymous; v. bag- ma and mdg-pa; cf. also

the Hebrew inn and n'^3.

H**q'mndr-ba to suffer, to be tormented,

B., C., sdug-bsndl pun-pos under a

mountain of misery Glr.; nyes-med ytso-bo

rgydl-poi Ojigs-pas mnar the innocent lords

had to suffer in consequence of the king'sfears Pth.

; Ids-kyis mnar - ba to suffer in

consequence offormer actions, to be damned;Ids-kyis mndr-bai brdg-srin-mo zig a Srinmoin the state of damnation; ran-nyid mnar-

sdan(?) byed you make yourselves suffer

the torments of damnation Mil.

mnal, resp. for ynyid, sleep, mndl-

du peb-pa or Oyro-ba to fall asleep,mndl-ba to sleep, mndl-yzim-pa id.

; mnal

sad-pa to awake Mil.;mnal - lab the talk-

ing in one's sleep; mndl-lam dream Glr.

3$fa'mn -ba l.to think, fancy, imagine,de nd-la zer-ba yin mnos-nas think-

ing it had been said to him. 2. to think

upon, to consider, sna bsam pyi mno med-

par neither considering before hand, nor

thinking of the consequences; bsam -mno

yton-ba id., Mil. (cf. bsam-blo).

3$j%CJ'mn 9-Pa contentment Cs.; zas-mnogLex. w.e.

;Sch. : moderate fare, fru-

gal diet; mnog-cufi insignificant, trilling, v.

nans.

^* mnon-ba v. ynon-ba.

s'J* mnod-pa v. nod-pa.

5$j(l|"ZTJC]* mnol-grib Cs. = mnal-grib ;mnol-

""rig weak intellect, want of quick

perception Sch.

$F\ rnag

1. v. nod-pa. 2. v. mno-ba.

rnd-ba 1. resp. snyan, col. *ndm.-cog,or am -cog*, (Pur., Bal. *rna, sna*\

the ear, sems-can ^6n-pa-dag rnd-bas sgrd-rnams fos the deaf hear; rnd-bai me -Ion

the drum or tympanum of the ear Cs.;rnd-

bai dgd-ston a treat for the ears Glr.; rnd-

bai dbdn-po yfod lend me your ear, listen

to me Mil.;ned rnd-ba mi sun I am not

tired of hearing Mil.; rnar snydn-pa plea-sant to the ear, tickling the ear Stg. ;

rnd-

baOdud-pa v. Odud-pa; rnd-ba byd-ba, byo-

ba, bldg-pa Sch., to listen, rnd-ba nd - ba

disease of the ear, ear-ache; rnd-ba ^ur-baMed. a tingling, humming, or buzzing in

the ears;rnd-ba sra hard or dull of hear-

ing Sch. -- 2. v. ynd-ba.

Comp. rna-kor ear-ring Sch. *na-kydg*W. ear-wax, cerumen. rna-Kun ear-hole,

Oci-bai rnd-Kun-du (or rnd-bar, or rnar)

brjod-pa to cry into a dying man's ear.

- rna-Kebs that part of a helmet which

protects the ear Sch. -- rna-gydn orna-

ment worn in the ears, e.g. me-tog-gi Stg.;rna-cd id., yser-gyi Mil. rnd-mcog col.

\. = rnd-ba. 2. the pan of a fire-lock.

rna-ltdg the back -part of the ear Cs. -

rnd-feg-can, bzod-pa sgom-pai rnd-feg-canone that is able to listen to all that (stuff)

with patience Mil. - -rna-ydub ear -

ringCs. - - rna-mdd yzer-ba C. the piercing of

the ear with an arrow, a Chinese punish-ment. rna-spdg (sic), or -spdbs ear-wax

Sch. rna-rdl an ear torn by pendants.- rna-lun Cs. the ear or handle of a vessel.

rna-sdl Med. ear-lap, tip of the ear.

-rna(-pa)-ys6g Lex. and Lt., perh.

= sna-

ysog.-- rna-sldn (*nas-ldn*) a fur -cover

for the ears, worn by Tibetan ladies.

rnag matter, pus, suppuration, rnagsmin-

pa pus grown ripe Cs.; Odren-pa Sch. :

'to draw out the pus'; (I only met with

rnag snd-Qdren-pa S.g., which can hardlyhave this signification); rnag-rdol-ba dis-

charge of matter; rnag-rtol-ba prob. caus-

ing such a discharge by a puncture; rnag

Qdzdg-pa the dropping or running of pus

312

dpail b9id - po to ad. as a mediator andwitness of the confirmation of the peace0)' oath Glr.; -mna :d - 00- C. to swearfalsely, to commit perjury.

~ttr.l'~. 1nmi'""lla D::l. and elsewh., c..: ll.

r .,' d'" d. nsorgrnn -sonswllc,a aughter.In.Jaw; but the word is also used for tbedl\ughter-in-law 'in 81.e', i.e. for the brideof tbe son, who is usually !Selected by theparents and Jives with t.he;;e for one or two)'cars beCore being married; so also bridegroom lUId son-in-law are nearly synonymous; v. bag_,"" IUId mdO-paj d. alsotbe Hebrew iM and "'~:l.

~'f"~ mn(.h·~~ to sulf;;' to be tormented,/I., C, Mlutrblilul irilii.~ under a

mountain of misery Glr.; n!l~mM I'f3d-horgydl-p;i Jigs-pas mna.. the innocent lordshad to suffer in consequence of the king'sfclU'S 1'tk; lu,-l'!li3 mudr _ba to suffer incoDsequeDceoffonneraction~lobedamoed;

1UH9W 11lNdr--bai brdY-lIiti-mo :iflll.Srinmoin the state of damnation; raa-?lyid mmv-.ldali (?) b!Jn/ rou mllke yourseh·es sufferthe tormenl$ of damnation Mil.

~~..f 'mIlDl, resp, for yn!fid, sleep, mndl_du J',ib.pa or .grO-ba to tilU lLSleep,

11Indl..!Ja to sleep, flilldl-y::im_pa id,; fllllal

&dd~pa to awoke Ml1.; fIlllal- ldb the tulkill~ in one's sleep; mnol-lalll dream Gir.~'T fllIlO-ba 1.10 think, fancy, imagine,

d~ "d-la ;;b·fxJ yin mttd&-nal think_ing it had been said to him. _ 2. to thinkupon, to censidtr, Ilia b.am ,tyi 111M~

par neither considering before h:md northinking of the coosequences; bt<lm ~mndytoli-ba id., Mil, (CL bMm-blO).~fl.q- fJI~pa contentment Ci.; ::at-mnt%7

Le.r. \\',e,; &11,: moderate fn.re frugal diet; 7IInug-'Cllli insignificant, tI'ifli~g, ,',nm;•.

~~:'T fmul,;-ba Y. yno,;-lJa.

e.l ,)'=f mnM"kJ Y. NOd-pa.

~af5=r 71111Ol-gn'b t •. - 1It1lul"'fJribj """01rig weak inteHect, .·ont of quick

perception &h.

~~"'f,,"1IOI J. Y. IIM-pa. - 2, ".""110-00.

~'.:r rnu"!" 1. resp. VI!JaIl, col. ·lIam-log,or alii-Cog'", (Pur., Bal. ·rna, ,,,a°),

!he ear, 8i»l&-can ~611-I>o.-dag f'nd-ba.t 8flrarnam, (Of the doaf Ilear; rnd-Qni 7111-1(//;Ihe drum or tympnnllID of the l'nr (.t.; rndwi dgd-f!.on a treat for the cali! Glr.; 1'Ild

hai dha,j-po ytO(}. lend me your t'llr, listen10 IDe Mil; ned rnd-OO mi fUn ) am nottired of hearing Mil,; mar 'llyall-po: pleasaDt 10 the ear, tickling tbe ear StS.; rntiba o(lk~-l'tJ y, .Jkd-pa; nui-ba: byd-ba, by600, Ua{l-pa: &h., to listen, rno.-!HJ lid _badisease of th.e ear, ear-acftej rna-6a ~Ii~Med. a tingling, humming, or bU7,7,illg inthe caMl j 1·lld-ha flU hard or dull of hearing &1,. - 2, \'. l"d-6a,

Compo rna-MJ' ear-ring &/I,-olla_l.:yayoIV. eo.r-wu, cerumen. - 1'f1(1.-l'U" ear-bole

"Cl-6ai 1'mi-fuli-du. (or rnd.6aJ', or rnar)bJjdd - pa: to cry ioto a dying Dlao's e:u-,- 1'1I4-(-a. that pUt of a helmet. whichprotecl$ Ihe ear &/1. - rna _!fy(Vt ornament "'om in tbe ears, e.g.1IIi-tog-gi Stg.;Nfa-ld id., yttr..gyi Mil. - rno.-mro, col.I. - rna-6a. 2. the pan of A fire-lock, _rlla_ltdg the back-pBrt of the ear 0" _f'fIa-(tg-can, 6=tX/-pa 3Yom-fI<1i 1'na-(rg-canone Ihat is able te listen to 1\11 thnt (stulT)with patience )JJil. _ rn(Jooy(ilib car· ringC.. - n1(JoonuJd J':tr-6a C the piercing ofthe ear with an arrow, a cbine&e punisbment. - ~pdg (sic), or -6pOlA ear-,..·u&h. - rna-rdJ an ear tom by pl'ndMts,- 1'1I4-lilJi £4. the ear or handle of • nnel.- rna - JUt Ned. ca....lap, tip of Ihe ear,- rna(-pa:)-rMfJ I..e.r. and Lt., perh. _ Vla-

ylJcg. - 17I~dll r/al-Idn·) a fur-cover(or tile ears, worn by Tibetan Indies.

~=!'j. rnay maller, pus, suppurafion,I'n(>.g811l:i1l-pa pus grown ripe C,,; oddn-pa &1,.:

'te draw Ollt the pus'; (I ooly meL with1'lla9 md-.d""l'pa S.fl., which can hardlyhaye this sigoilication); nu/{l-rdUl-ba diiichuge of matter; rntlfrrldl-btA prab. ralLfing such a discharge by n puncture; nl«fI..d::dg-pa the droJlping or running or pus

Ill

mag* rnam-fta

: mdg-par wag-pa to form pus, to

ulcerate Cs. ukrdns-pa mdg-tu Kug v.

gug-pa.- may -

Krdg matter and blood.

- mdg-can containing pus, purulent.-

riuiij-Jn'um abscess Sch. mag-subs prob.

the core of an ulcer.

irr^r mag& W., C., ready money, cash, *nag

kyati*id. '*nag-zog* money and goods ;

*gir-mo gyad nag* Ld. eight rupees in cash.

sr-q-nidn - ba pf. bmaiis to be checked,

stopped, shut off; with or without gre-

/xtr. to stick fast in one's throat; to be

choked (complete form bmdns-te Oci-ba);

tlbugs-kyis man-sin (his) breath stoppingshort (from fright) Pth.; skdd-kyis rndn-te

not being able to utter a word Dzl. %?, 1;

zds-kyis rndn-te the food sticking fast in

his throat, mya-ndn-gyis from sorrow Dzl.

sir mam, in compounds for rndm-par, v.

maw-par extr.

warn -pa 1. piece, part, e.g. the

parts of a panel of a door, *rin-gi

ndm-pa* a longitudinal piece, *zen-gi ndm-

pa* a cross piece W.; rndm-pa ynyis-su

gyes (a ray of light) is divided into two

parts or rays; section, distinct part of a

treatise; part, ingredient, lus-kyi rndm-paprd-rags-mams the subtile and the coarse

ingredients of the body Wdn.; rndm-pa

kun-tu, fams-cdd-du in every respect,to all intents and purposes, through and

through, entirely, perfectly; this phrase is

used, whenever people of rank are address-

ed: rnam-kun fugs-rje mgo- dren bka-

drin mfsuns - brdl most honoured patron,

altogether incomparable as to grace and

goodness! or, rnam-kun fugs-rje dan bka-

drin mfsuns-brdl; European gentlemen are

thus addressed in letters: mam-kun fugs-

rje tffyur-med sd-heb most honoured Sahib,

invariably kind in every respect! 2.

things or persons taken individually, often

pleon., jxl-zer rndm-pa bzi four (separate)

rays of light; )6-bo rnam(-pa} ynyis the

two lords (sc. gods) Glr.; bdag Odir fsogs

bu - mo rndm - pa l/'ia we five girls here

assembled Mil.; *sd-1ieb ndm-pa nyi* W.

the two European gentlemen; ?o -

i-pa bi-o-brgydd UM? eighteen wonder-

ful feats; Jt\fin\-l>a nuiin-pa Ina Wd. the

five elements; zal-zd* rndm-pa Dzl. V'S,17 the separate dishes of a meal (another

reading: zal - za - rnanu) ; when used in

quite a general sense, the exact meaningis to be understood only by the context:

Ihd-sa rnam-pa ynyi hfir-na after finish-

ing the two Lhasa affairs, viz. the erecting

of two buildings previously mentioned;

rndm-pa tams-bdd mkyen-pai ye-&& S. 0.,

or spyan DzL, as much as omniscience;

yzugs ni Ka-dog dan dbyibs-kyi mdm-pao'yzugs' is that in which both colour and

form are included Wdn. 3. division, class,

species, dpu/'i rnam bzi the four species

of troops (cavalry, elephants, chariots, in-

fantry) ; rndm-pa bZi of four different kinds.

- 4. manner, way, rndm-pa 8na-t*6g-tyu,

rndm-pa sna-fs6gs-kyi sg6-nas in manifold

manner, variously, frq. ; rndm-pa drug-tu

(the earth shakes) in six ways, i.e. direc-

tions (whenever extraordinary works of

charity are performed by holy men) v.

Hum. I., 262 (not 'six times' ScA.); rndm-

pas = sgd-nas, or pyir, bsiu-bai rndm-pas

by arts of seduction Dzl.] dt-la mi dgd-bai mam-pas from vexation at it Mil.

;ferfr-

mai rndm-pas in consequence of the cold

wind Mil. - - 5. outward appearance, ex-

terior, ^irranT' ^ * f rmi figure, shape:

Icdgs-kyui rndm-pa in the shape of a hook,

hooked Wdn. ; stdn-pai rndm-par sprni he

assumed the appearance of the Teacher

Tar. ; cos-skui rndm-par Offyt'tr-ba to appearin a misty form Glr.

;Itu Orf* ni roi rndm-

par Ogyur this body turns into a corpse

Thgy., and so in most cases with regard

to the whole appearance ;of colour alone

it is used only, when dbyibs (the shape)

has already been stated, as in a passage

from Pth.: as to its mdm-pa (colour), it

is spotted like a leopard; deportment, de-

meanour, gesture, yid-du +6n~bai ma*t~pa*

of graceful manners Mil.;

further: state,

manner of existence, of certain inhabitant*

of hell Thgy.; in philosophical writings:

'Form der Erkenntniss' Was. (274); men-

c..; mag. par I.,.dg. va to form pus, toulcer1\te ( •. - IJ:ra,ia-pa 1"Nag-Iu I!ug v.VI'g-pa. - f'1w!I - Jrrog matter and llIood.- md!J·~an containing pus, pUfulent. j'lIag-"b,<Um Ilb~!<6 &1" - ",ag-&ubs prob.the core of lU1 ulcer..f:n...'f '"/I.a9' IV., C., ready money, caSh, "nag'1 ." I:yan·id. ;·nag-zog" money and goods;·9;'....,,10 f!!l0tl fla!//& eight J'upees in cnsh..fC'.:::r nld,j - ba pf. b""al1. 10 be cllecked,~l~ sl'PPt4, shut off; with or withoutgdbar, to stick fl\llt in ope's throat; to bechoked (complete fonn brndli. - ie "Ci-bo);tlbiv;,.J:!li, nad,,-;i,j (bis) breath stoppiog~hort. (from fright) Pi/,.; ddd-kyU rnd,,-ttDot being able to utter a word Dzl. V, I j

::ds-lyu l71dJi-te tbe food sticking fast jnhis thrOAt, mya-iidn-[J!fi. from sorro",' D::L~~. "lam, in compounds (or rnd»l']NJr, \',

rtltim..par uk.f~'.q' mam -pa 1. piece, part, e. g. the~l Il:\r15 of a plUlel of a door, °ri'i"f!i,wm.pao a longitudinal piece, °Ziii.gi ndm·~. a cr08S pie«: lV.; rndm.pa rn!i'·w,fI!It' (a ray of light) is divided into twoparts or mys; section, distinct part of alrtatise; part, ingredient, lu,.l.yi rndm.paprd""0!J3-r.,wm, the subtile and the conrseingredieDts of the body lVdli.; rndm - paA"Iln. til, (am,,· ctid· du in e\'ery respect,to nil intents and purposes, through nndthrough, entirely, perfectly; tbis pbrase isused, whenever people of Mink are addressed: r7lam·,{,on (ufl8-rje mgo-lldn Meaarin m(3Il1i3· brdl rnmlt hououred patron,nltogether incompllrable as to grace aDdf(OOdness! or, rnam-kUn (,igt-rye dail bka·drin m6u.,u..brdl; Europenn gentlemen nrethus Addressed in letters: nram,..kfin (w!J'.rye~ ,d·lttb most honoured Sahib,in"urinbly kind in c\'cry respect! - 2.things or persons takeu individually, oftenpleon., ~od-:ir rndm-pa lr-i four (separate)raY' of light; )0·60 mam(.pa) rn!J~ thetwo lords (sc. gods) Glr.; bt.lag oelir (t0g6

bI,·.,no mum - pa lila we fivc girls hereassembled Mil.; ·,d·heb ftdm.pa 'II!!'" lV.the two European gentlemen} ro· oi~l

nH;""'pa 6~d tke e~1.eflI wonderful fca1."; .bY'u'·ba rnd_pa Ina 1I'tJ... 'heiil'e elements; :al·zdl ",d",-pa Du. '.-$,17 the &ellarate dithcI of a meal (anothf,rrcac1ing: :Dl.:a..rnoma)i ",,'hen used inquite l\ general sense, lhc exact meaningis to be uuderstood only by the context:lhd~ rnatn--pa )'rlyP {,rir-nM after finish·ing the two Lhasa affairs, viz. the erectingof two buildings previously meotiooed;rndm-pa (am.-(;<id 71li:!Jin.pai yNlt S.O.,or !P!Jan D::I., as much tIS omniscience;1:1193 ni £a40g da,j d6ylb3-J..yi rrufm..poo'yzv.!J3' is that in which both coloar andform are iocluded Wdn. - 3. division, clan,species, dpu;' Nlom b:i the four speciesof troops (uY&1ry, elephant&, -cblloriou, in·f/lotry); mdm-pa 6Zi of four dilferen\ kinds.- 4. manner, way, rndm-pa 3t1a-fldgt-lryM,rndm-pa Jna·(!0g3.kyi ¥J6-1141 in manifoldmanner, "ariously, frq.; Nldm-pa drltg-tw(the earth ilhnkes) in six ~'.ys, i.e. diMe_tions (whenever extraordinary works ofcharity are performed by holy men) v.Burn. I., 262 (not 'six times' &11.); NI.....

plU _ JgQ-n<U, or ~'r, btl..-IJai rndm-paaby arts of seduction Dzl.; dJ.la mi d!Jdbai ""Il«m-pa, from vexation at it Am.; beer·mai mdm-paa in consequence of the coldwind Mil. - 5. outward appearance, ex·terior,~, as to form, figure, shape:lCdfll·k!JUi rndm.po in the 5bApe of. hook,hooked lVd,i.; atdn-pai rndm.par .tpNll heassumed the appearance of ilic TeacherTar.; j!da..d:ui mdm--pal" o!I!fNr-Oa too appeuin a misty form Glr.; lau om Ai rot mdlP....par o!I!ftIr this body tum, into " oorpteT"oy., and so in mO&t cases willi regardto tbe whole appe.nwcc; of colour aloneit is nsed only, when dbyiIA (!.he ib..,.e)has already been Slated, lIS in a passagefrom PtA.: lLS too its ntd-..pa (colour), itis s(wtted like a levp.rd; deporiMent, demeanour, gesture, yid.Jlt 46..-bai Nlfta-ptuof gn\ceful manDers A!I7.; further: state,manner of existence, of certain inhabilaDtI;of hell TItgy.; in philoeophical .ritiltp:'Form der Erkl'nntniss' ",at:. (274); men·

""

314

rndm-par

tally: disposition, temper, state of mind 7'//////.:

*Ko ndm-pa-la* = sdm-pa-la C. in his mind.

srrrix* rndm-par 1. termin. of rndm-pa:> into the form etc., v. above. 2.

as postp. like,= the Lat. instar, Wdn. -

3. adv. (possibly an abbreviation of rndm-

pa kun-tu}, entirely, perfectly, thoroughly;

in negative sentences: by no means, on no

account; often only adding force to another

word, Ssk. f%; frq. in the shorter form

rnam.

The following expressions most in use,

containing the adv. rndm -par or rnam.,

are alphabetically arranged with reference

to the second word : rndm-par klub-pa to

adorn, embellish Cs. mam-gram i. enu-

meration, rgydl-poi of kings Glr. 2. the

whole amount, sum total, N.//.: full number

or quantity, where nothing is wanting Glr.90,

3.; mfsdn-gyi mam-grans the component

parts of his name according to their ety-

mological value Tar. 69, 3. 3. treatise, disser-

tation, a paper, cos-kyi frq. 4. by gramma-rians the signification of de is thus defined :

mam-grans -)'%an-brjod-pa demonstrative

pronoun(P). rnam- gyur (cf. above rndm-

pa 5) 1. form, figure, shape, yi-gei rnam-

Ogyur the form of the letters (written or

printed) Glr., or in this passage also the

graceful form of letters, caligraphy, pen-

manship, v. below. 2. behaviour, demeanour,

lus-ndg-gi Wdn.; of a sick person S.g.;

gesture, e.g. devout gestures Mil.; rnam-

Ogyur rdzes-pa Pth. mimic gestures, mimical

performance, ballet. More esp.: 3. beau-

tiful form, graceful carriage of the body,

graceful attitudes (of dancers etc.) Pth.;bzoi

rnam - ^yur the beauty of a work Glr.

4. pride C., W., Mil.; rndm-^gyur-can fine,

smart, gayly dressed; proud, vain, foppish

col. rnam -par rgydl

- ba conquering

completely, gaining a full victory Pth.;

mam-rgydl a surname much in use; rnam-

rgyal-pun-pa, ace. to Schl. 247 bum -pa,

water-bottle for sacred uses. rnam(-par)-

bcdd(-pa) section, paragraph, rndm-parbead -pa dan-po-o first paragraph; also

mark of punctuation at the end of a pa-

rndm-par

ragraph, i.e. double -shad. rnam-bcu-

dban - Idan a certain way of writing the

Ommanipadmehum, v. Schl. p. 121;but I

should rather explain it in accordance to

rndm -pa 2, as the 'ten powerful things',

scil. letters or written characters, else the

words would have been : rndm-par dban-

Iddn bcu. rndm-par Ojog-pa v. rnam-

b%dg. rndm-par rfog-pa (cf. rtog-pa I. 2,

and II., 2), gen. sbst. rnam-rtog (fqcft^jn

distinction; doubt, error) 1. discrimination,

perception; so perh. S.g. : rnam-rtog nan

bcom the perception of what is disagreeable

is weakened; reasoning, mental investigation,

opp. to ye-ses, the sublime wisdom of the

saint. 2. scruple, hesitation, rnam-rfog ma

mdzcid-par can Odi ysol please drink this

beer without any scruple! Pth. ; so also in

col. language. 3. in philosophy: obscuration,

viz. of the clear and direct (nihilistic) know-

ledge of truth by reasonings in the mind

of the individual, error, Was. (305). 4. in

pop. language disgust, distaste, rndm-rtog

skyed-pa to feel disgust Glr., zd-ba Pth.

prob. id. rndm-(par) fdr(-ba). \. to be

entirely released or delivered, and sbst. com-

plete deliverance, rnam -far ysum Trigl.

fol. 12, three ascetic notions (in themselves

of little consequence), ston-pa-nyld, mfsdn-

pa-med-pa, and smon-pa-med-pa. 2. sbst.

mam- far biography, legendary tales about

a saint; tale, story, description, in general.-rnam-fos-(kyi) bu, sras, rnam -sras =

Kuvera, Ssk. fferenf.-- rnam -(par") dag

(-pa) thoroughly cleansed, frq.; by rnam-

(par) ddg(-par') rtsi-ba, or mdzdd-pa I

have attempted to express the Scriptural

doctrine of dixaiovv or justification. rnam-

Odud n. of one of the seven golden hills

round Mount Meru Glr. - - rnam -Odren

(cf. Odren-pa 2) the saviour, Buddha; rnam-

log- dren the reverse. --rnam-par-snan-

mdzdd, thcfali n - f tne first f tne DhyaniBuddhas. rnam-(par} O prul(-bd) sorcery,

magic tricks, byed-pa Dom. --rnam-pye,

rnam-pyed, prob.= rnam -(par} dbye(-ba)

\. distinction, division, section. 2. rnam-dbyecase or cases, of which the Tibetan gram-

314~;r:J~ rnam-par

tally: disposition, temper, slate of mind ThUg.;-"'r! ndm-pa-la' "" ~d/1l-pa.la C. in his mind.

~~·tJ" :ndm-par 1. termin. of ~dm~:Into the lorm etc., v. aho\e. - 2.

as postp. like, _ the Lat. instar, lVd,i.a. adv. (possibly an abbreviation of roampa ktin - tu), entirely, perfectly, thoroughly;in negati,"e sentences: by no means, on noaccount; often only adding force to nootherword, &1:. f~; frq. in the shorter form1~am.

The following expressions most in use,containing the adv. mam- par or mam,are alphahetic.'1lly arranged with referenceto tbe second word: rndm-par Hub-pa toadorn, embellish U. - rnam..grdri3 j. enumeration, rrJydl-poi of kings Gfr. 2. thewhole amount, sum lotal, S.y.; full numberor quantity, where nothing is wantingGlr.90,3.; m{3dn-gyi mum-gra,if the componentparts of his nnme according to their etymological value Tar. 69, 3. 3. treatise, disser·tation, a paper, "M$-kyi frq. J. by grammarians the signification of de is thus defined:171am -graTi8 -jzan- brjM-pa demonst.rntivellronoun(?). - mam-<!I!jUT (cf. a.bove mdmpa 5) I. form, figure, shape, !li-gn mamof/!I'ir the fonn of the letters (written orprinted) Glr., or in this passage also ... thegraceful form of letters, caligraphy, penmanship, v. below. 2. behaviour, demeanour,lWl-ildg-gi lVd,i.; of II sick person S.g.;gesture, e. g. de\'out gestures MiL; mumofJ'ljUr 1'd;;i&-pa Ptn. mimic gestures, mimicalperformance, ballet More esp.: 3. beau·tiful form, graceful calTiage of the body,graceful aUitudes (of dancers ew.) Pill.; bzoiJ'/lam - <!IyUr the beauty of a work Glr.J. pride C., lV., Mil.; rndm-c9l1'lr-Can fine,smart, gayly dressed; proud, vain, foppishcol. - mum ~ par T!J!Iul- ba conqueringcompletely, gaining II full victory PtA.;rnam-rf}ydl II surname much in use; rnam1"f!!fal p pUiI-pa, Me. to Sch!. 247 bUm_pa,water-boUle for sacred uses.-mam(-par)Mad( -pa) sectioo, paragraph, rndm - parbead - pa dail- po- 0 first paragraph; alsomark of punctuation at the end of a pa-

~;j":.p:: rndm-par

ragraph, i.e. double-shad. - rnam-beudhari - ldan II certain way of writiug theOmmanipadmeham, v. &hl. p. 121; but Ishould rather explain it in IlCcordance tomom - pa 2, as the 'ten powerful tIliugs',scil. letters or wriUen charlWters, else thewords would have been: 1-naIll-par dba/ilddn bCu. - mdm-par Jdg-pa v. rnambZdg. - rndm-par rl6g.pa (eL Jt&g-pa I. 2,and 11., 2), gen. sbst. mum-rtdg (m.rdistinction; doubt, error) l. discrimination,perception; so perh. S'9': rnam-1'Mg nanbi:om the perception of what is disagreeableis weakeaed; reasoning, mental investigation,opp. to yMe3, the sublime wisdom of thesaint. 2. scruple, hesitation, mam-rl6g mamt!:dd.par lall odi}'SOl please drink thisbeer without nny scruplel Pth.; so aillo incol. language. 3. in philosophy: obscuration,viz. of the clear and direct(nihilislie) knowledge of truth by reasonings in the mindof the individual, elTor, Was. (305). J. inpop. language disgust, distaste, rndm-rtog.I.-yed-pa to feel dillgUst Glr., za~ba !'th.prob. id.-mdm-(par) (dr(-ba). 1. to beentirely released or deliYered, and sbst. com·plete deliverance, mam - (ar pum Tn"gl.fol. 12, tbree ascetic notions (in themselvesof little consequence), 8wil-pa.nyld, mt8d,,pa-med-pa, and 3mlm·pa.."ud-pa. 2. shst.rnam-fdr biography, legendary tales abouta saint; teJe, story, description, in general.- rnam-(6B-('CJJI) bu, .rUB, mam-8ras Kuvera., &k. ~. - 1'71am_(par) ddg(-pa) thoroughly clennsed, frq.; by rnan~

(par) ddg(-par) rt3i-ba, or mdzad-pa Ihave attempted to express the Scripturaldoctriae of QllfalQii~or justifieation.-rnam"dud n. of one of the seven golden hillsround Mount Meru Glr. - rnanl- "drhT.(cf. odrtn·pa 2) the saviour, Buddha; rnamWg-odrhT. the reverse. - rnam-par~na>i

mdzdd,~. n. of the first of the DhyaniBuddhas. - rnam-(par) "ftrul(-ba) sorcery,magic tricks, byM-pa Dom. - rnam-w,rnam-p.,ftd, prob. - rllam-(par) dbye(-ba)I. distinction, division, seelion. 2. rnall~dbyl

case or cases, of which the Tibetan gram-n

315

I'/lll ///.S

marians, from an excessive regard of the

Ssk. language and in fond imitation of its

peculiarities, have also adopted seven in

number. mam-(par) 8min(-pa) retalia-

tion, requital, of good or evil deeds, com-

mitted in former lives, of good actions by

prosperity (la$- pro), of bad ones by miseryand sufferings (lan-cdgs), very frq.; sdig-

pai rnam-par smin-pa mydn-ba Dzl. -

rnam-(par) bzdg(-pa) \. to distinguish, to

put in order, arrange, classify Wdn., Thyy.,

sgo- nas according to ... (certain

points or facts). 2. to consider a personor thing as fully equal or equivalent to

another, to substitute one for the other,

C.; rnam-bzag sbst., Li'.i'. ^j^^gj 1 . placing

apart, separating; distinction. 2. arrangement,

position,= ynds-lugs 1. mam -(par)

rig(-pa) and .s&(-pa), as a vb., 1 . to know

fully, to understand thoroughly. 2. rndm-par

ses-pai lus-can-rnams Dom. rational, or at

least animated, beings, opp. to inanimate

nature; as a sbst., gen. rnam-ses, fqijH :

1. etymologically: perfect knowledge, con-

sciousness, Kopp. I, 604. 2. in philosophy:one of the five pun-po, perceptions, cog-

nitions, Was. (of which there are six, if

the knowledge acquired by the inner sense

is included ) also in Mil. frq. ,e. g. sgo

Inai mam - ses (cf. sgo ysum). 3. in pop.

language : soul, e.g. of the departed, (later

literature and col.) (The significations 2

and 3, I presume, should be distinguished,

as is done here, according to the different

spheres in which they are used and not

be explained one out of the other, as is

attempted Bum. I, 503. Schr. gives here,

as in most cases, the signification used in

col. language.) 4. mam -rig Was. (307)

idea, notion; Tar. often = qT*T also f^TT

rnam-rig-tu bkrdl-pa 'explained in the sense

of the idealists', Schf. ; mam-rig dan rtog-

gei bstan-bos logical and dialectical Shas-

tras. -- rnam-bsdd explanation Tar.

mams, in B. the usual sign of the

plural, in col. language little used,

esp. in W.j meaning, ace. to its etymology,

piece by piece; hence its use is not a strict

rn6-ba

grammatical rule, but more or less arbi-

trary; it is mostly omitted, when the plural

is otherwise indicated, e.g. after definite

and indefinite numerals; it may be used,

however, not only in these instances ( Kor

mdn-po-rnams many servants), but also

after collective nouns (dge- dun-rnamx), at

the end of enumerations (= de tawu-tdd),

after general expressions, such as: gan

y6d(-pa)-rnams whatever they were, after

other plural -signs (. . . dag -mam* etc.).

Cf. mdm-pa 2.

<?^>" mar, for rnd-bar, q. v.

rndl^-ma) I. 1. rest Cs., lux rndl-

du ynds - par yyur - to his body

obtained rest Tar.; esp. tranquillity of mind.

composedness, absence of passion, sems rndl-

du mi ynds - par his soul having no rest

Tar.; mdl-du Odug-pa, or Jf6d-pa, Mil.:

mdl-mar sddd-pa id.; rig-pa rndl-du Obeb-

pa to give one's mind up to perfect rest

Thgr. ; rnal- bydr 1 . ^TT, meditation, nearly

the same as tin-iie- Odzin and bsam -;

Mil., but chiefly when it is considered as

the business of life;

rnal -Jbyor

-rgyud^

ifljidfd, Tar. frq. 2. often for mal- by6r-

pa.- - rnal -

Oby6r -pa *ftftl\ *ftj|Nl4

devotee, saint, sage, miracle-worker frq.-

2. >'//. also: personal, visible, essential (?)

Tar. 201, 6. 22: 6sta'w-pa rndl-mal

II. often for mnal.

"^' rnur-ba v. snur-ba.

i*n6-ba B., 1'^f rndn-po usual form,

1. sharp, acute, edged, pointed; /;<-//.-

dull, blunt; rno pyttn-ba to sharpen, grind,

whet Sell, (like KaOd6n-pa); rno Ihi-pa

to get sharp, to be sharpened; rno-pyunname of males. 2. this word is

apj>li<'i)

by the Tibetans to the chemical qualitir-

of things, though not quite in the same

way as we do, as they ascribe a 'sharp'

taste to the flesh of beasts of prey, to the

bile etc. Med. --3. rig^pa rnd-ba sharp.

clever, shrewd, Glr., bio rn6-ba talented.

gifted, dbdh-po rno-ba acute, sagacious.

marilln8. from lU1 excessive regard of the&1:. language "lid iu fond imitatioD of itspeeuli:..rities, bftve also ndollted 8e\'en innumber. - '·lIam.(pur) ,mill(.pa) retaliation, requital, of good or c\"il deeds, committed ill former li,"cs, of good actions byprosperity (la'-..l~rO). of bnd ones by miseryaDd sufferings (lan-cdgs), ,'ery frq.; !digpai roam-par ,min-pa 1lIyO;'-ba, D::l. 1'1lam-(par) hzdtK-pa) I. 10 distinguish, toput in order, arrange, classify Wdn., Thyy.,. .... 'go - n11& according kt •.. (certainpoints or fltCls). 2. to consider a personor thing as fully equul or equivalent toanother, to substitute one for the otiJer,C.; l'1lam-b~ag shst., Lu. arll1l'T 1. placingapart, separating; distinction. 2. alTangemenl,position, _ rnd,-lugs 1. - rnam-(par)rig(1J<l) and U,C-pa), as a vb., 1. to knowtully, to understand thoroughly. 2. rndmiMrlh-pai lIl3-Can-rtwm3])om. rational, or atleast animated, beings, opp. to inanimatenMure; l\S a shst., gen. rnam-ln, ~:1. etymologically: perfect knowledge, con·sciousaeS$, Xiipp. I, 604. 2. in philosophy:onc of the fh'e plln -po, perceptions, cog·nitions, WQ&. (of which there are six, ifthe knowledge l\Cquired by the inner senseis included) also in .Mil. frq., e. g. '90l#ai l'lialn-lt3 (cf. '90 f3urn). 3. in pop.language: soul, e.g. of the departed, (laterlit.erll.ture and col.) (The significations 2lind 3, I presume, sbould be distinguished,as is doDe here, according to the differentspheres in which they are used and notbe e1plained one out of the other, as isattelllpted Burn. I, 503. &hr. gi\'es here,flS in mest cases, the significntion used incol. language.) 4. mam -"9 WQ&. (307)idea, notion; Tar. often - ~. also f~,rnam-rig-tu bJ.:rdl-pa 'explained in the senseof tho idealists', &11.; T'1lam-rlg dmi ,10g.gri l4ta'l-~ logical and dill.lectiCll.l Shnstrl\S. - rna~dd explanation Tar.-f~~' nlam3, in ll. the usual sign of the'1 pluml, in col. language little used,esp. iu n~, meaning, ace. to its etymology,piece by piece; hence its use I, nqt a~ct

grl\mmatical rule, ltut more or kit arbitrllry; it is mostly omitted, wilen the pluralis otherwise indicat.ed, e. g. after deliniuand indefinite nUlUerl\lI; it may be ulled,howe\'cr, not only in these insiancel (oEM"viti-po-nlu"" JOIIIly servants), hut al*-,after collocti"e nouos (d9t-odim~'ftaltU), attbe cnd of enumerntion5 (_ de tunu-edd),/lfter general expressions, such as: gaily6d(-pa).rnam, whatever thcy we~, afterother plurll.l-signs (... dag-N1a,"" etc.).Cf. N1dm-pa 2.

~::..: mar, for rnd-bar, q. v.

1~'(~') rndI(.n~a) I. 1. re~t w., l~ mdl'1 du yna3 - par U!fUr - w hiS bodyobtained rest 7'm·.; esp. tranquillity of mind,composedness, absence of passion, lell" mdldu 1/Ii yn~ _par his soul ha\"lng no restTar.; rndl-d" odWg-pa, or l?6d-pa, Mil.:nidI-mar 3I.ldd-pa id.; riU1'" rndl-du obiba·pa to give one's miod up to perfect restThgr.; l"1lal-obyor l.11Fr, meditation, nearlythe same as tin-';'- odzin and bwm· ,tdn.Mil., but chiefly when it is considered asthe business of life; mal - obyor - rgyNd,4'lllri"l''I, Tal'. frq. 2. often for nlUl·ob!J&r.pa. - !'lial-ob!Jdr-pa~, c(j111"WI.devotee, saint, sage, miracle·worker frq. 2. &h. also: personal, visible, essential (1')- Tar. 201, G. 22: z"tdll-pa rndl-ma '!-

ll. often for mna1.

~::.:::r rnu,....ba v. 3I1lir·lla.

~~. rntj-ba B., ~'2f !'Jldn..po usual fonn,

1. sharp, acute, edged, pointed; rno-tIlIot.l C.dull, blunt; 1'1U) P!1u,;-lJa to shl\rpen. grind,whet Seh. (like l'a oddtl-pU); rJIO ihI·1)(Jto get sbarp, to be ~luu'Pened; rtJO_pyuJiname of males. - 2. this wortl is aJlllliedby the Tibetans to the chemical qllalitiesof things, though not quite in the :>alOeway as we do, as they ascribe a 'SIIArII'tnste to the flesh of beasts of pre)', to thebile etc. Mtd. - 3. ng--pa rmi-oo sharp.clever, shrewd, Glr., blo ",0· ba talented,gifted, ~'1"J rn&-ba acllte, sagacious.

316

rnon Mil,? rn&n-la Opog.

^' sna 1. (resp. saris) the nose, 5.; in col.*

language sna-mfsul, v. below; snai rus-

pa bridge of the nose, snai cag-krum car-

tilage of the nose; skad snd-nas Odon-pato utter (nasal) whining tones Mil. ; snd-

nas Jcrid-pa to lead or turn by the nose;

sna O pyi-ba to blow one's nose. 2. trunk,

proboscis, pdg-pai Glr.; gldn-sna v. glan.

3. a mountain projecting from some

other mountain in a lateral direction, a

spur Glr. ; it might also be used for cape,

promontory. --4. end, t'ig-sna the end of

a string Glr., rdl-pai sna the end of a

lock of hair Glr.; hem, edge, border, gos-

kiji sna the border of a garment Cs.; esp.

the nearer end, fore-part, ^od cen-po zig-gi

snd - la foremost of a bright ray of light

(that was approaching) Mil.;sna Odren-pa

to lead, to head (a body of men) cf. mjug-

ma; dmdg-sna Odren-pa to take the com-

mand of an army Pth.;more indefinitely,

like Odren-pa: to draw along, to lead, to

guide, esp. with lam, to direct the way or

course of a person, (having the person

always in the genit. case); Ogro drug-gilam - sna Odren as a guide he leads all

beings Mil.; *cu-na dem-pa* C. to conduct

water (by a water-course); to bring upon,

to cause, v. below, compounds; rndg-sna

Odren-pa to cause suppuration Med.; Idm-

sna Odzin-pa to have taken a certain road

Mil. In some cases it is difficult to ac-

count for the signification, so: sna-cen-po

Cs. a deputy; commissioner; sna-len byed-

pa c. genit. to shelter, harbour, lodge, take

in, Pth., C.; sna (b}stdd-pa Lex., bddg-gisna-stdd Kyod-la re Cs. I place my full

confidence in you; *nd-do fog-ne* C., (*ndr-

do gydb-te* W.}*Qgyel-ba* either: to fall

by striking with the fore-part of one's foot

against a stone, or by striking one's foot

against a stone lying before one. 5. sort,

kind, species, mostly with fsogs(-pa), W.

with *so-so*, diverse, various, all sorts of,

spos sna-fsogs-kyis Odebs-pa Dzl. to strew

all sorts of spices over . . . .;rndm - pa

sna

sna-fsogs frq. ;less frq. sna-man Lea;., sna

dpag - tu - med - pa Glr., sna-fsad Glr. of

every sort; rin-po-ce sna-bdun seven kinds

of jewels; ddr-sna Ina five sorts of silk;

also sna alone is added to substantives,

inst. of sna -fsogs, or rnams : sin - snai

dud-pa smoke from different sorts of wood

Glr.; Jbrii-sna smin-pa the ripening of corn

Glr.; sna-ycig a single one Mil.', cos -sna

Tar. 166, 4 prob. is not so much a kind,

as a part of doctrine, Schf. 6. mi-sna,

blo-sna v. mi and bio.

Comp. snd-skad, *nd-kad ton* W., he

speaks through his nose. sna-fcuri nostril.

-sna-Krdg, ma-Krdg Odzdg-pa a bleeding

from the nose, sna-Krdg -fcdd-pa to stop

it, cad, it ceases, it is stanched. -- sna-

Krid guide, leader; the leader of a choir.

snd-ga col. = sna 3. sna-goii trunk,

proboscis Sch. --sna-sgdn bridge of the

nose Cs. sna-sgrd the noise made throughthe nostrils Cs., snuffling. sna~cu a run-

ning nose, sna-cu Odzag mucus is droppingfrom the nose Lt. - - sna - cen Thgr. a

demon (?). sna-mcu an elephant's trunk

Pth. sna-fdg 1. a rope passed throughthe nose of a beast to lead it by. 2. pro-

boscis, sna-fdg or sna-mcu srin-ba to stretch

it forward Pth. sna-dri prob.= snobs

Med. sna-ydon bridge of the nose Sch.

- sna- ddg (spelling?) W. snuff. -- sna-

Odren leader, commander ;sdug-bsndl-gyisna-

Odren one that causes misfortune, author of

it. sna-ndd disease of the nose. *na-

o* C., *na-pi* W., pocket-handkerchief.

sna-bdbs the glanders Sch. snd - bo

1. leader, commander, chief. 2. a guide, gom

ysum tsam-laan snd - bo dgos about every

third step one wants a guide 'Mil. sna-

bug S.g., sna -sbugs Cs., nostril. -- sna-

sbyon, sna-smdn snuff Med. snd-ma Lex.

w.e., Cs. = sna 4. sna-rtsd root of the

nose Cs. sna - rtse tip of the nose. -

sna-fsogs v. sna 5. *nam-fsul* W., *nam-

sul* Bal. = sna 1 and 2. sna- dzur an

aquiline or crooked nose Cs. -- sna-leb a

flat nose Cs. sna - sd the flesh of the

nose;the nose Cs. ; sna-sd sbyin-pa to suffer

316~. rno~

~. moli jIil.? rnoli-la ,,'Pog.

19' ,na I. (resp. sari') the nose, fl.; in col.ill language ,na·m(,Ul. v. below; rnai Mpa bridge of the nose, ,ned tag-Irrum caf

tilage of the nose; tkad 8nd-1I~ od6n-pato utter (nasal) whining tones Mil.; '1Iana" ,,!trid·pa to lead or turn by the nose;.na opyi-ba to blow one's nose. - 2. trunk,proboscis, idg-pai Gir.; gluri-,na v. fllaii.- a. a mountain projecting from someother mountain in a lawral direction, aspur Glr.; it might also be used for cape,promontory. - 4. end, {ifrSna the end ofa string Gir., ral- pai .na t.he end of alock of bair Glr. i hem, edge, border, go.kg; 811« the border of a gnrmeot lA.; esp.the nearer end, fore-part, ~od eel/po zig-gi$lid -1« foremost of a bright ray of light(that W~ approaching) 1I/il.; .na Gdrin.pato read, to head (a body of men) cf. '1Il)uV'lila; dmag-ana odrhl--pa to take the command of lUl army Pt1l.; more indefinitely,like llrin - pa: to draw along, to lead, toguide, esp. with lam, to direct the way orcourse of a penon, (having the personalways in the genit. case); ,jJro d.rWg-!Jilam ~ ,na odren as a guide he leads allbeings Mil.; -ni-na qem-pa. C. to conductwater (by a water-ooarse)i to bring upon,to cause, v. below, compounds; mag_Miaodren-pa to cause suppuration Med.; lam,na odzin-pa to have taken a certain roadMil. - In some cases it is difficult to a.<:count for the sigoificntion, so: sna-len-poCs. a deputy; commissioner; tna-l!n byMpa c. genit. to shelter, harbour, lodge, takein, 1'tll., G.; sna (b)atdd-pa Lu., bdag-gi,na-,tad lfyM.-la re Cs. I place my fullconfidence in you; ·na-do f6g-ne· G., enardo 9ydlJ-te" JV,) ·o!l!pl-ba· either: w fallby striking witb the fore-part of one's footagainst a stone, or by striking one's footagainst a stone lying before one. - 5. sort,kind, species, mostly with hdfJs(-pa), lY.with ·w -~, div~rse, various, all sprts of,apos 8'fIa."6ga-klli, .dibs-pa Dzl. to strewall sorts of spices over ... t~ ",'pm -'pa

ana-(adg$ frq.; less frq. sna-man Lez., Mia

dpog - fit - mid - pa Glr., ana-fsdd Glr. ofevery sort; rin-po-le ana-bdun seven kindsof jewels; ddr. rna bia fi ...e sorts of silk;also ana alone is added to sullstantives,inst. of sna - (Wy'. or = rtIanl8: iili - anaidud-pa smoke from different sorts of woodGlr.; /ffu-'71a ,mlli-pa the ripening of cornGlr.; ,na-rHg a single one Mit; Cd$-,flaTar. 166,4, prob. is not so mucb 1'1 kind,as a part of doctrine, &Iif. - 6. flll'.sha,bl6-tna v. mi and MQ.

Compo .na-tkad, ·na - J:ad ton- lV" bespeaks through his nose. - .na-fun nostril.- .na-lCray, .na-llrd[l od::ag-pa a bleedingfrom the nose, .na-Ilrog rCdd - pa to stopit, lad, it ceases, it is stlUlched. - rnaI..lrjd guide, leader; the leader of a choir.- .IIJ"'9a col. = ma 3. - .na"9o/, trunk,proboscis Sell. - 'lIa-8ydil bridge of thenose lA. - .na"yra tile noise made througllthe nostrils Ca., snuffling. - $7Ia-cu a running nose, ,na-eN- od:::ag mucus is droPI,ingfrom the oose Lt. - .na - len Thyr. 1'1

demon(?). - .na-m~ an elephant's trunkPtA. - .na-fag I. a. rope passed throughthe nose of a lJeast to lead it by. 2. proboscis, ,na-My or .na-mcu "ili-ba to slJ"Ctehit forward PtA. - .na-dri prob. ""' .nabsMed. - .na-yddil bridge of the nose &11.- .na -oddg (spelling?) lV. snuff. ~ anaodrin leader, commander;8duy-bB/jd.J..gyimaodrht one that causes misfortune, author ofit - sna-nad diseuse of the nose. - -na_l\" C., ·1la - fl- lV" pocket-handkerchief.- ,na-lxib. the glanders &1,. - and - bo1. leader, commander, chief. 2. a guide, !J01Il)'fum uam-laali .nd ~ bo dy08 about everythird step one wants a guide Mil. - .nabUg S.g., sna - .bUga fA, nostril. - ,nawydn, .na.,man snuiI'Med. - snd-ma u.r.w.e., tA. _,na 4. - .na-rua 1'00t of thenose 01. - .na _rae tip of the nose. .na-(,6g8 v. ma 5. - "nam-faufO'Y., ·n,am_.wl'" Bal. _ 8fla 1 and 2. - ,na-.dzUl· lin

aquiline or crooked nose C•. - sna-lib aflat oose Ca. - 8Ila - itd the flesh of thenose; tbe npac tA.; wa...a.byin:1>P to suffer

ma-nnin317

ndn-ba

one's self to be led by the nose Cs. sna-

ys6g 'the hair in the nostrils';sna -

y&6y*'the wings of the nose (alae nasi), togetherwith the nostrils' Sch.; sna-ysdr id. Sch.

- sna-bsdl Lt., prob. an injection into the

nose.

fT<^J*sna-ndm Samarkand Glr.

5j*xjT' sna-snem, sna-snem ma Odug-cig do^ not sit here so idly, without any

particular object! Sch.

* ma~ )ran arrow-head Sch.

r snd-ma 1. Cs.: 'the blossom of the

nutmeg- tree' (?). 2. v. sna, com-

pounds.

f^*^",<?'*? snd-ru, rnd-ro, = nd-ro Sch.

xfin- snag \.=rnag Cs. 2. also sndg-' fsa ink, Indian ink, rgya-sndg China

ink, bod-snug Tibetan ink, ce-sndy Cash-

inere ink; *ndg(-fsa) lug son* W. the ink

has run, i. e. a blot has been made. -

*nag-kon* W., *nag-bhum* 6'., inkstand. -

snag-fig an ink-spot, a dash, a stroke, madewith the pen. snag-pye ink-powder.

snag-ris rgydg-pa to paint over with ink.

3. mig-gi sndg-lpags Pth.?

snay(s} = ma -ynyen, relationship

by the mother's side; mdg-giynyen-mfsdms id. Pth.

; snag-dbon Lex. w.e.

sndn-ba I. vb. ] . to emit light, to shine,

to be bright; sndn-bur byed-pa to fill

with light, to enlighten, to illuminate, ///////-

/'" to be filled with light, to be enlightened,

e.g. by the light of wisdom Dzl.; sin-fu

mi-mdh-bai mun-pa darkness entirely de-

void of light Dzl. 2. to be seen or per-

ceived, to show one's self, to appear, e.g.

blood appears on the floor Dzl.; (pyi) sndii-

ba fams-cdd Mil., pyi sndn-ba gait Jbyuh

Mil., pyi sndn-bai yul Mil., snan-fsdd Glr.,

every thing visible, all that is an objectof sense, the external world; dd-lta rgyu

zig sndn-no now an opportunity shows itself

Dzl.;

Itis mi snan yah ysuii snd/t-ba ma-

cdd-pa byun although the body had become

invisible, yet the voice continued to appear,

to be heard Tar. 127,11; it

to be capable of being extended to mental

perceptions, the partic. being equivalent to

imaginable; to have a certain appearance,to look (like), c*dd-pa Itur as if it had been

suddenly cut off Wdn.\ sm'tm-bca (to look)

greasy S.g.; Qprid-du man-no it looks like

sorcery Glr. (cf. Oprul) ;mi-ndn-bu invisible.

mi -snan - bar Ogyvr-ba to disappear frq.;

btsun-mo-^rnams mi sndn-ba dan as their

wives were not to be seen, were not presentDzl. V, 17; mi-sndn bar bytd-pa to make

invisible, to efface the traces of a thing.

3. = ydd-pa Lex.ysometimes in #., and

in the col. language of certain districts;

zes prdl-skad-la snan so it occurs in vulgar

language Gram.; zer-ba snan it i> said,

dicitur, Tar. 34, 4, and in a similar manner

33,22; 34, 14; prob. also: to be in a cer-

tain state (of health), in a certain condition.

Situation etc.,

C. : *dhd-ta ghan nan -ghin

yo-dham* how are you now? *cag peb zu

nan* is the usual salutation in6'., like our:

good morning! or: how do you do? however,the literal sense of it seems to have been

forgotten, as even educated Lamas seldom

know how to write it correctly. The proper

way of spelling it seems to be : pyag pebbzud snan, and the words hardly implymuch more than those addressed to inferior

people, viz. da leb son well, so you are

come! well, there you are! Cf. gd-fc.

II. sbst.(^ipr, ^rrwt* etc.) 1 . brightness,

light, sndn-ba yod-pai dus-su when there is

light, broad day-light Th(jy.\ fig. Ufa-kyi

xndii-ba the light of doctrine Dzl. 2. an

apparation, phantom. ////>itd>'i-j><>* dt'd-pai

sndn-ba Jbyiin-ho there is an appearanceas of being pursued by many people, i.-.

a phantom of many pursuing people Thyr. ;

rmi-lam-ffyi sndn-ba- niaHi* MII. ^.phy-

sically: seeing, sight /x/</-/v//i-<// .<//// -6a

ma ddg-pa yin uiy faculty of vi-ion, mysight, is dimmed Tar.; more frq. inteli

tually: view, opinion. mtns-r<iyd*-kyi *ndn-

ba-la . . .yzjgs-no, mi-ndg-gi sndn-ba-la . . .

infnii - no by the Buddhas he was looked

upon as . .., by laymen as ... Glr. ; thought.

f~' Via_110m

one's self to be led by the nose c.. - mayJtJg 't1lc hair in the lJ06trils'; ~'la _)"ltJgJ'tbe wings of the nose (ftlae nasi), togcthp.rwitli tile nostrils' &11.; ,lIa-yMr id. &h.- ,n«~dl Lt., prob. 1111 injection inLO tilenose,

~ ~. I11«-1II;m Samarkand Glr.

f~~' I1Ia-3nhn, JlIa..,/lbll 1IIa "du[!"i:ig donot sit here so idly, without any

particular object! Seh.

f~' $1Ia..,brd,i arrow-head Se/'.

¥~. I1ui - 1IIa 1. (4.: 'the blossom of tbeI!\ nutmeg-ttee'(?). - 2. v. fila, compounds.

f~', ~.~ fila-nt, rna-ro, _1IIi-ro Seh.

~,. ~na!l 1. - rnag (',. - 2. also $/lllfT('a ink, Indian ink, "9ya-,/lo.9 ChillI

ink, lxxl..,,,ag Tibetl1n ink, ('t-md9 CashlUere iuk; *nog(-f3«) lag son* lV. the inkhas rlln, i. e. I/o blot hilS been made. *1jag-lon* lV., *'lag-UlUlIl* G" inkstand. mag-fig ftn ink-spot, II. dllSh, a stroke, madewith the pen, - JlJag-p.ji ink-powder. ,nag-,,', rrJYag-pa to paint over with iok.- 3. 1II1y-gi '/lag-lpag. Ptld

~~~. •nag(.) = rna - yllyen, relationshipby the mother's side; ",ofNIi)'1lyen

1II(,dm. id, PUI.; 8I1ag-db6n U.l. w.e,

~'I:.'.:::r .1l/;'i-ba I.vb. I. to emit light, to shine,to be bright; 81la,,-ba,' byld-pa to fill

with light, to enlighten, to illuminate, ogyHrba to be filled with light, to be enlightened,e.g, by the light of wisdom D:d.; Ull-tuml""ld,i·bai ,/Illn-po darkness eotirely devoid of light Dzl. - 2, to be seen or perceived, to SIIOW one's self, to appear, e. g.blood "PIIcars on the lloor D::l.;(pyt) 8Il(.i!i

ba fam.-edd Nil., pyi ,nan-ba gal. "byUliMil., P!Ji mo,i-hai!JU1 .Mil., .nmi-flldd Gir.,e\'ery thing visible, all thnt is ao objectof sense, the exteroal world; dd-lt6 "9!fU:lg mdli-lio now ao opportunity shows itselfD::l.; llU fiji .nati !Ja,i [$1"; ,naJi-{I(l lIIa

lad-pa b!J,ui although the bod)' had becomeinvisible, yet the voice conliuuod 10 .~~ar

317

to be heard Tar. 127, II; it aceDIa evento be cal,able of being I'.xtended to mentalperceptions, the partie. beiujl; e(luiv"lent to

imaginable; to hive a certain appearance,to look (like), lad-pa /tar III if it had loeensuddenly cut 01T Wd,j.; ."rim-Utu (1.0 look)grea.sy S.[1.; oprill-du uluti-,io it look. likesorcery Olr. (cf'oprul); mi~ndn-ba invilible,mi - $1Iwi - bar oyy"r./)a to distll'llCIlr frq.;htlun-1l/O-,·,wm. IIli .ndJi-ba daw as tlle.irwives were not to be 8eell, 't\'e.re oo~ l'fe!CotDzl. '·0, 17; mi-.lla" bar 0/M-pa to m"keinvisible, to effftce Ule traces of " thing.- 3. _ ydd-pa Lu., sometimes in Il., aodin the col. langlillge of cerlJUll distric18;zn l'Jrdl...hul-la $nan so it OCCUN in vulgarlanguage Gram.; zir - ba 811U1; it is Aid,(licltur, Tal'. 34, 4, nod in 1\ simillir Winner33,22; 34,,14; prob. Il.!so: to be in a certain state (of health). in a certain condition,situation etc., r..-:: -dl,d_/a yhm' nd,j - g"""y(/-d/lam· how are )'ou now? -c"!l JNb z~

nan* is the usual s:uutation in C., like our:good moroiog! or: how do you do? howe"er,the literal seose of it ~cems to have beenforgotten, as even edu\:ated I.amILS seldomknow how to write it correctly. The properwtJ/ of spelling it seems to be: P!llfg~bZud .nmi, and the words II/ltdly implymuch more than those nddressed LO inf~rior

people, viz. du kb 10,1 well, so you arc.come! well, there you are! Cf. gd-k

n,lIb~t.(~,~etc)I. brightness,light, arld,i-ba yM-pai dli....u Wlll'O there. i$light, brond day-light 1'''9Y'; fig. 'Mt-I:yl.na,j-ba the ligbt of doctrine D::l. - 2. anapparation, phantom, 7111' Imin -11(11 dill - pultll<iIi-ba ob!Jilil-ito there is all 1I111}l!1I1'1luceas of being pursuC<.1 L)' wallY poople, i,e.a pbantcm of many pUr.Juiug people 'l'},gr.;"Nli-laUl-Vyl$H(i>l-ba-""'all~ MmJ. - 3.pl,)"sically: seeing, sight, bd(u;-r,;fi"9" 611,i" ·&1fila ddg-pa YUt Illy acuIty of vi~ioll, Illysight., is dimmed Tar.; 1II0re frq. inlellectOl1l1y: view, opinion, 6tIn...,yy,i.-l!J' ,1I1i.._

ba-la .. ,[z"9-, nt;_lId!l"gi ,"d>l-ba-la ..•mfd,. - 1io b)' the Buddla. he wu lookedupen Ai •.,,) '! by l")'meo lIS ... Glr.; thought.

318

sndn-ba

idea, notion, conception, c. genii, Odi fams-

cdd rdn-gi sems-kyi sndn-ba yin all these

things are only conceptions of your mind,

your fancies Thgr.; skyid-sdug-gi snan-ba

sar Thgr. ; Jcydgs-pai sndn-ba Jbyun Mil.;

bkres-sndn ye-med-par gyur-to he was even

without a thought of hunger Mil.;abso-

lutely : *Kyod-di ndii-wa gd-ru tan son* W.

where are your thoughts wandering? cos-

la sndn-ba sgyur turn your mind to religion !

Mil.;sndn - ba

Ogyur- ba (TO (.lexavoslv)

change of heart, conversion (not to be con-

founded with snail-bar Ogyur-ba v. above).

sndn-ba bde-ba pleased, cheerful, happy Pth.;

in some expressions it is equivalent to soul.

Most of the significations mentioned sub 3

seem not to have been in use in the older

language. Krul-sndn} Oprul sndii illusion,

deception of the senses, deceit, error Mil,

Glr., col. ynyis-sndn the arising of two

ideas in the mind, fnyis-sndn-gi rtog-pa

hesitation, irresolution, wavering Mil. mfon-

sndn i. the act of seeing, the sight, mtoh-

sndn-gi sprul-pa phantom, apparition, *fon-

ndn de-mo* W. a sight beautiful to look at,

*fon-ndn sog-po* of ugly appearance. 2. Cs. :

manner or mode of viewing, point of view;

yziys-sndn id. resp.; Pih. : yzigs-sndn-la

according to his (supernatural) intuition (with

reference to a holy person). tsor-sndn

the hearing, *fsor-ndn-la nydn-po* W. de-

lightful to hear, pleasing to the ear.

bar-sndn v. bar. - - ran - sndn one's own

thoughts, ideas Mil; the own mind Glr.;

ran-sndnJcrul-pa an illusion of fancy Thgr.]

snan-grdgs things seen and heard Mil.

snah-ston, Mil. irq., prob. not 'empty show,delusive appearance'$c/i., but: things (really)

appearing and (yet) void, one of those frq.

instances, where two words of opposite

meaning are placed together, dbyer- med

often being added, as a tertium quid (cf.

Kopp. I, 598). snan -ddg (nan -

rtdgs,

brtdgf? Ld. nan-stag} col. the inward man,

the heart, the soul, *nan-ddg-la sdm-pa sar

son* W. a thought has risen in my soul;

*nan -ddg cad son* now he has felt it in

his inmost soul, this will have struck home

sndr-po

to his heart W.;*nd-la nan-dhdg ma jhun*

C. I have not heard it, perceived it, minded

it; *nan-dhdg ma jhe* C., *ma eg* W., I

was not heedful, I made a mistake! -

sndn-ba-mfa-yds= ôd-dpag-medAmitabha,the fourth Dhyani Buddha. sndn-me v.

nan -me. -- snan-fsdd v. above I., 2. -

snan-fsul i. the outward appearance, of a

landscape=

scenery Mil; 2. appearance

opp. to essence, ynas-fsul Was. (297).

snan - mdzdd v. rndm-par. -- snan-sds

thoughts, fancies (?) snan-srid (Ssk. ^fTT)the visible, external world frq. snan-j-sdl

shining brightlo, brilliant; cos-kyi snan-ysdl

sgron-me the bright light of doctrine Pth.

snan-nor ral Odrum Tar. 16(?).

sndd-pa, pf. bsnad, imp. snod, to hurt,

to harm, to injure, c. accus., lus sndd-

nas being hurt in the body Dzl;nai rta

snad Ogro or ôn my horse might be hurt

Mil;sndd- kyis dogs

- te afraid of hurtinghim Dzl; of horned cattle: to butt Sch.

sjq^Tsna^s

)res

P- saws, mucus, snivel, snot,

snabs pyi-ba to blow one's nose,

snabs-pyis pocket-handkerchief; snobs-lug

snotty nose, snotty fellow Sch.; snabs-lud,

prob. also dar-sndbs Dom. = snabs; be-snabs

thick phlegm Cs.; sndm-pa v. snom.

sndm-bu woolen cloth; the commonsort is not dyed, very coarse, and

loosely woven; sndm-bu spu-can hairy cloth,

napped cloth; snam-prug, dbus-sndm Mil,

fine cloth; Ogo-sndm C. id.; snam-sbydr Lex.

a sort of loose mantle for priests Cs.

*ndm-ya* W. trowsers. snam-yug, yug-snam a whole piece or roll of woolen cloth.

snam rds woolen cloth and cotton cloth Mil

s^rncn' snam-brdg (U: *am-bdg*} bosom.'

snam-logs, snam-yzogs resp. side.

3^^. snar, termin. of sna; snar-bkdb Wdk.% fol. 464 nose- band (?) pocket - handker-

chief (?); sndr-kyu guide-rope for camels,

passing through their nose.

nar-fdn n. of a monastery, Kopp. II.

256; n. of a philologist Gram.

f^"Ts^"gSf swar-ô, sndr-mo Cs. 1 . of a

white or light red colour (cf.

skya-ndr). 2. long, oblona. cf. ndr-mo.

Sl8

idea, notion, conception, c. genit., ¢di (am3·

tdd rdit-gi sim,.kyi slIIM-oo yin all thesethings arc only conceptions of your mind,your fancies 'l'llyr.; Ilkyid-&dug-gi Man-!.Ja.ia!' TIl{J1'.; J..'!Jdg8-pai snlf,i·ba J)!lwi Mil.;bJ.:re84tubi ye-med-fW.r 9yu.r-w be was evCD

without a tbought of hunger Mil.; absolutdy: "/{!Jdd-di mi"-It'd gd.ru fan SQIi" W:where nxe yOUf thoughts wandering? cosia 8111iti-l!a WII' tum your mind to religion!Nil.; snan - ba ogyUr. ba ('Tn !t6,a~,)€j~)

change of heart, conversion (not to be confounded with 8M/i-bar oflyUr-ba v. ab()\·c).snuli-ba bdi-ba pleased, cheerful, happy PtlJ.;in some expressions it is equivalent to soul.Most of the significfttioDS mentioned sub 3seem not to have !Jeen in use in the older \language. - Jb'ul-tmu,i, oilNJ.l snr.iIi illusion,deception of the senses, deceit, eM'ilr Mil.,Glr., col. - ynyis-8ndll the arising of twoideas in the mind, rnyiN1UiJj'"f}i rt6g -po.hesitation, irresolLrtion, wavering Mil.-1Il(orisndli I. the act of seeing, the sight, mto,isnd/i-gi sprUl-pa pbantom, apparition, -(01;

mill di-mQ- W: a sight beautiful to look at,-(on-nan 86g-po- of ugly tlppcll.l'auce. 2. Cs.:manner or mode 01 viewing, point of view;rd{/8-S1/I.J.n id. res(l.; Pth.: rzigs - sndl~ - laaccording to his(su(leroatural) intuition(withreferell<:e to a boly person). - ~or-<;rnlli

the llearing, -fsor-ndn·la nydn-po'" W: delightful to hear, pleasing to the ear. bar-sndl; v. baJ.. - rali - sndli one's owntbougbts, ideas MiL; the own mind Gir.;'"ali-ml.i!i ib'ul-pa an iUWlion of fancyThgr.;811m, -grdgs things seen and heartl Mil. snan--stoli MiL irq., prob. not 'empty show,delu.~ive appearllDce'Srlt., but: things(really)appearing and (yet) void, one of tho8C frq.instances, where two words of oppositemeaninj1; are placed together, dbYI!I' - 111M.often being added, llS n tertium quid (d.KiJpp, 1,598). - snalj - ddg (nali - rtcigs,brtdg11 IAl. flali-stag) col. the Inward man,the heart, the soul, -fllln-ddg-la 8dm-p4 !arson- IV. a thought hus risen in my soul;-nmi _d«g 'Cad SQ,i- now he has felt it inhis inmost soul, this will hav~·[lt,ruek hom,

to his heart W:; -rid-Ia nan-dhdg 1IIa )hutiC. I IUL\'e not heard it, perceived it. mindedit; -nan-dJu).g mo.)llt-C., -ma i.:f!- I¥., Iwas 1I0t heedful, I made a mistake! sndli-Qa-'I'II(o.-yM _ ~od-dpag-me'dAmifubha.,

the fourth Dbyani Buddha. _ 8ndri-n"" v.nali -me. - maJi-Md v. above 1., 2. mmi-(sul I. the outward apllcurnncc, of alandscape = scenery Mil.; 2. appearance0ll(l. to essence, rnlis-fsullVas. (297). 81Imi - mdzdd v. l'!ldm _par. - 8na" - $«S

thoughts, fancies(?)- sna,,-<;,," (&k. ft'n:)the visible, external world frq. - snan-rsdishining brightlo, brilliant; 'f6s.kyi snmj-rsd1sgrlm-me the bright light of doctrine Pill.- s1Uni-nor rill odrum '1'ur. l6(?).~.l\;'r sndd-pa, pc. bsnwl, imp. snod, to hUrt,

to harm, to injure, c. aCI'US., lus BmWnas being hurt in the body D:l.; Ijai rfasnad of/rrJ or ..0" my horse might be hurtAlil.; mdd-kyis d0g8- te afraid of hurtinghim Dzl.; of horned cattle: to butt $ch.~!.q~' snabs, resp. $a,is, mucus, snivel, snot,<1i 8nabs f'yi - ba to blow one's nose,snOOs-/J1;is pocket-handkerchief; snahs-liIgsnotty nose, snotty fellow Srh.; snabs-lUd,prob. also ~1'-snab8lJ(lTIl.'" S/lOOs; bMmabsthick phlegm Cs.; Muim-po. \'. 8ntlm.

i;:'5:l"Ef sndm-bu woolen cloth; the commonsort is not dyed, very coarse, and

loosely .....oven; snam...buspu-cllfl hairy cloth,napped cloth; 8nam-ftrUg, dbus-snam MiL,fine cloth; o!}Q-S1Idm C. id.; s1U1m-sbydr Lu.a sort of loose mantle for priests Cs. -/ldm-yo.- IV. trowsers. - tmam-yiJg, yiJ.q_snam a whole piece or roU of woolen cloth.snam ras woolen cloth and cotton cloth Mil.~5:l'fl 81UIm-brdg (0": *'~m-bdg-) bosom,

snam-ldg8, snam-rZ6g8 resp. side.~-=- mar, termin. of mo.; snar-bkdb lVdk.Cij fo1. 464 nose -band(?) pocket. handkerchiel(?); srnll'-k!fU guide-rope for camels,passing through their uose.~'''~t:;'1Ial'''(dti n. of a monastery, Kopp. TI.q 256; n. of a philologist Gram.

~.::,''f ~"5:f slldr-po, sndr-mo C8. 1. of aCij' white or light red colour (cf.~r). - 2. long, oblong._cf. ndr·mo.

a prob. the original form of

b&mir-bu.

xii'ir-iiui n. of one of the lunar man-

sions, v. ryyn-*Lur '.'>.

sndl-ba v. bsndl-ba.

mdl-ma thread, silk -thread, woolen

thread etc. ; knitting -yarn, or yamused for other purposes; also for warp, abb-

yarn.

QX'Zr sntin-pa, pf. and fut. bsnun, 1. to

prick /./.: to stick or prick into, e.g.

a stick into the ground Mil., mfson a weaponLAV. 2. to suckle (cf. nii-ba, nud-pa),nii-ma or nu-zo snun-pa Pth., Lt., id.

3. to multiply Wdk. - -ynad snun-pa Lex.

w.e,Sch. : 'to excavate the interior, to get

or penetrate into the inside' (?).

snu^~Pa"> pf- bsnubs, fut. bsnub, imp.

snub(s) vb.a to nub-pa, to cause

to perish; gen. fig. to suppress, abolish, abro-

gate, annul, destroy, annihilate, a religion,

a custom etc.

snum(-pa S.y., -pot's.), 1. fat, grease,

any greasy substance, mum-yyisskud-

pa to grease, to smear; in 6'. esp. oil (W.

*mdr-nay*), snum-zdd-kyi mdr-me a lamp,the oil of which is consumed

;also fig., snum

being added pleon., e.g. Mny.: lus-zititx

snum-zdd, and parallel to it: lus-zuiis zad

Lt.', rlan-snum raw fat, zun-snum melted

fat Cs.; sol-mum cart-grease, composed of

pulverized charcoal and fat Glr. 2. fig.

of luxuriant grass or pasture, ri snum-paa hill clothed with luxuriant pastures 6'.

(cf. I'ug-ge}', snum-la jdm-pa luxurious and

soft Mil. - - snum - kdn a little bowl for

oil etc. snum-Jcur a kind of pastry baked

in suet. snum-yleys, W. *num-ldy*, a

wooden tablet, blackened, greased, and

strewed with ashes, used for writing uponwith a wood-pencil, thus serving for a slate.

-snum -can, snum-bcas, snum-lddn fat,

oily , greasy.- - snum - dri a smell of fat.

- snum -nay oil Kun. - - snum - rtsi a

greasy liquid, oil etc.; greasy, oily ('. uti'n/i-

pa vb. = snom-pa 1.

xjx'n* snur-ba, pf. and fut. bsnur, vb.a.

to nu, -In i. 1. to put or move out of

B19

its place, to remove, to shift H'.t to move or

draw towards one's self ' <////< - du,

xin'ir-lni '/.<iiii. \-xjilaiiinl h\

f.n-j,,!

'2. -SW/.; to cut into pieces, to fracture, to

Crush, :ib-nn,r into Miiall picco io n-li

to powder; so it seems to be frq. u-fd in

Lt., though one L<\r. explain- it by </o-

pa (scarcely corr.).- to bring near

= to shorten, dus a term, a space of time.

Cf. brnit(r)-/>it /,/././.

sn6(-mo} \ . extremity, end, mdi-

Lex., of a thread, fdy-me the end

of a rope Sch.; hem, seam, ne-mo *lt<il>-

ce* W. to fold down and sew the edge ofOa piece of cloth, to hem; *ne-mo gydb-cfW. to trim with cord or lace. sne-Jior to

warp, to get twisted Sch. --l.sne-rgdd,

sne-dmdr, sne-fsod, mdn-sne, sneu, namesof plants.

to shake, to cause to move

shaking or yielding under one's feet Sch.;

nem-nem bsnem-pa Lex., pf. bsnenis.

- sno - ba Cs. = snur -ba, to reduce to

small pieces, to crumble.

' snod I. sbst.(jfrqpf)

1. vessel, snod-

spydd id., Lex. and col. frq.; yser-

snod a gold vessel; pye-$n6d a vessel for

meal or flour; cu-snod water-pot, pitcher;

bu-mod uterus, womb, Lt. and col.; snod-

//// Ka mouth of a vessel, snod-kyi zab*

bottom or foot of a vessel, stem of a glass.

2. in anatomy : snod dmy (the six vessels)

are: gall-bladder, stomach, the small and

the large intestine, urinary bladder and

spermatic vessels (in the female: uterus):

don-snod, the six vessels and the live <Aw

together, v. don 5. 3. with ivtW.'ix to

religion v. sde, compounds. 4. fig. I. in

ascetic language denoting man, as far as

he is susceptible of higher and divine things;

so already in Dzl. a man is called snod

yoiis-m ddy-pa a very pure and holy vessel :

xn<>il-ldnn s/dlt-nia a disciple eager to be

iiiMrueted Mil.: snod-dn riu'i-ba one fit for.

\vriliyi if (instruction); ttn<><l-<lu mtd-pa

unfit, insusceptible, rude, vulgar.; nfs-pnr

Ic-gs-pai snod mcog, nes-legs bsyrub-pai snod

3HI

~~.::r 'lkir-ba )lrob. the original fonn of, t-i......~~ .~(;,..._ P. of DOC' of tile' lunar man.

Stons, v. rgyu4iar 3.

~I""••r::r ntdl-ba Y. 6mGi-6a.

~""..f.;r .rldl...14 thread, silk·thread, woolen"i thread etc. i knitting. yam, or )","'used for other pu~; abo for warp, abby"".~.:r mlill. pel, p( IlIll1 fut 6t'U/II, I. to...., prick 1..1.; to stick Dr prick into, e.g.1\ btiek into the groUlld .lfil'J mflO" a WC1llpOllIJU. - 2. to suckle (cr. nu..oo, nlld-pu).nli-ma or ftli-~o .IlNn'1)(l /'rlt., Lt., id. _:I. to mumply Wdk. - )'7lt1J Imill-pa Du.w.e. &h.: 'to excavate the interior, to Retor peuetrnte into the inside'(?).~'::f'.q' ,nub.pa t pf. NDllbt, fut. bP.nub, j,ll!),..... ,nul(,) vlJ.n to nrib-Jlll, to cause10 perish; gell. fig. to suppress. abolish, abro.gate, annul, destroy, annihilate, n religion," cUltom etc,~.:r ,nilltl("1'"S.g_, -pou.), l.fai, gruse,..... anygreuysubsfance,'Rimt·wp·tlnfdp« t. !P"!ue, to smear; in C esp. oil (IV.-..dr-na!f"), mtl.m-:tid-kyi mdr-wu a lamp,the oil of ...·hich i" consumed; also fig., "'"1nbeing added pleon., e. g. Mitg.: I.,,· ZaN.ltlllIH-:dd, and JNlrallel to it: ltu-::lf;,' zadI.L; ,.[all·...w'" raw fat, :"1lI·mlim meltedfat 0.; IOWIU'," ean...grease, composed ofpulverized eb.reoa! and fat Gir. _ 2. fig.of hu:uri.nt grass or pasture, n' 'lIli".-pa~ hill clothed with llUunant pastures C(d. ~~); ,,,ffm-lajdm./M luxuriolU andsoft .Ilil, - Jnum - hm n little bo...1 foroil etc. - ,"u"'-pr a kind of pastry bakedin suet. - ,num-gU!JS, IV. -'llIm-ld!l, awoodell tablet, blackened, R'rellscd, lind!trewed with ashes, used for writing uponwith a wood-pencil, thus S<ll'ving for a slate.- .IIWIll· tan, .1lIim-bCar, ,,"'IIIl-ldun lat,oity, greasy. - mum _dr! II. .smell of flit.- mum - HCIfJ oil KUlI. - ,nHM - '141' •

greasy liquid, oil etc.; greasy, oily C. 'lIIinl_]'a vb. - ,,,dm.pa J.~::r .""r-ba, pf. .nd fut. !J«Hvr, vb.1L..... to Juir-lla., 1. 10 put or move...CKIi 01

ill place, to remove, to shift W.: t. move ordnw towards Ont', self fa., 10 _Ii.,,· dtf".li,.-ba Mm. i ul,lairHld by _(n.-pa. _l! &".: to tut into pitt". t. ""'e, t,crush, ~1Ot' iutll ~lIla.ll pi~ (10 ~fI{'e).

to powder; 10 it ~"ll 10 be f"t. Il~ in1..4., though one 1.A.r upl.iM it by ..tiM}18 (KAlUly OOlT.). - 3. ( .. ft; bring ""'- to shorten, dtu "krln, a ."ace oC time.Cf. bnt,;(r)-ha I.u.r.f('f") mi(-...) J. exlmn;ty, end, .nd/-_i

l..u., of • thrtRd, (/i!f"l'tl tile eudof a rope &!l.; hem, seam, nl._ -hob;-e. IV. to fold do...·o and ~"'" the I"llg<> offt piece of clotb, to hem; -111-_ Uydb-ceW: to trim witb cord or lace. •ne-.l6r towarp, to get twisted &11. - 2. '"t· 'IJOd,~ne-dmd,., Me-(,6tl, mon.-nt, IIltll, namesof plunts.~~'':f 'nlm-pa to shake, to tallle to more

slightly,~nilll-htJui la,.f:laqullS"mirt,shl\king or }·jeldin~ under one' feet IL;nem_1Ilm fJlnhn-pa Lu:., pf. bln~tm.

f.:r ,,,6 - ba £.t. - 'It,;r • 00, to reduce tosmall pieen, to trumble.

~. Mod I. sbSl. (~) l. nutl, motl-'pyOd id.) I .•u. and col. f.rq.: )wr

,n6d a gold vessel; i~ a ,.~'ltl formeal Of OOUt; lu.."tM wak'r-pot, pilcher:btl-mOd uterus, womb, 1.1. • nd 001.: ,JtIl.j..

fyi fa mouth of" "end, ..od-lyi tab.bottom Of foot of. ve s.el, ltelll of. gla...~

- 2. in au.tomy: ~,.od dnl!1 (the ix,.eo Is)art: gall-b1:tdder, stamaeil, lite !m.U .ndthe large intestine, urioary blalMer andspermatic vessels (ia the fem"le: ute~):

Ilo/Wndd, the f.iz 'ff>..88els "ad lhe fife Jo,.together, ". do., 5. - 3. wilh rcfefrnce toN'ligion v. lilt, eomllOunds. - <t. fig. I. inl\S('ctic Illoguage d('noliog man, M flit ube is susceptible of higher Mod dil"ine things;IlO 1I.1re,w)' in D:I. a lIlall is called ,MOdydif,-,u dli9""1Hlll n'r}' l'Urt aull holy ,.et;~e1:

~rIO.J.lda" llOb-"'tf A di"Ciple e&ger to bein«truct.ed Mil.; ,Hd;/~/1l r,;... -.w Due lit for.wortll}" {If (in;;l.nK:unn); ,1tOf/·d" ..nJ.paunfit, in'u'<Uflubil', I'1ld~. ,·ulgar.; ~rJi~paj I1tOd ..log,~ t»gr.6-pai.1tOtil

320

snon brndb-sems

mcog a most perfect vessel of religion (most

susceptible of etc.) Thgy.; snod ma yin in-

susceptible of religion Thgy., Tar. 2. in

metaphysics: pyi-snod the external world,or rather inanimate nature, pyi-snod-kyi jig-rten Glr. and elsewh. frq., opp. to nan-

bcud, viz. the sentient beings composingit; so Mil.

;Sch. : matter and spirit. II. v.

sndd-pa.

snon rest, remainder (?) Dzl. %^S%, 4,

Sch.

snon-pa, pf. and fut. bsnan, 1 . to add,

superadd, increase, augment, *la nan-

ce* W. to add to the wages, to raise the

wages; *ja fsd-big nan sal* W. please giveme some more tea! ynyis bsndn-te two beingadded to them, (their number) increasing

by two Mil.; mdn-du snon-pa to augment

by a great number frq. non-ka, or non-

KaW., increase, growth, augmentation, and

in a special sense : agio, premium ; snon-ma,

bsndn-ma, id.; *pun-non* W., *gyab-ndn*C.

, dmag -fsogs snon - ma reinforcements

,

auxiliary troops.- - 2. to add up, sum up

Wdk.

* snob -zog- can (spelling?) cu-

rious, inquisitive, *nob-zog co-

ce* W. to pry into, to ferret.

snom-pa I. also snum-pa, pf. bsnums,fut. bsnum, imp snum(s) ; and sndm-

pa, pf. bsnams, fut. bsnam, imp. snom(s),1. to smell, to perceive by the nose (cf.

mndm-pa), snas dri-rnams bsndms-pa to

perceive scents by the nose Stg. ;*da num*

W. there, smell at that! *zi num-te dul-ce*

W. to go about smelling and prying; *na

ciah mi num* W. I do not smell any thing.

2. to grope, *mun-nag-la nom-ne cin

=nag-zug-la nom-zin son* C., v. nag-zug.

II. pf. bsnams, fut. bsnam, W. *nam-ce*,

resp. for Un-pa, Odzin-pa, fogs-pa, Ocdh-

ba, to take, relics from a sepulchre Glr.

to seize, to take up, the alms -bowl DzL;to hold, a stick Mil.; to put on, a sacred

garment; *nam yin -no* W. would you

please (to take), would you like (to have

a cup of tea etc.)?

snor-ba, pf. and fut. bsnor, to COn-

found, mingle, mix, disturb 6s.

snol-ba.; pf. and fut. bsnol, 1. to

unite, join, put together, fit together,

e.g. bricks or stones in building W. ; Cs.

to adjust; Sch. : to mend holes in stockings,

to darn; to cross one's hands, brdn-Kar,

resp. fugs-kar, on the breast Thgr. and

elsewh. frq.; Ofam snol-ba to put together,

to embrace 6s.;ltd-snol-ba to look at each

other, ^6-snol-ba to kiss each other, 'and

thus frq. denoting reciprocity' 6s. (thoughnot to my knowledge).

- - 2. to wrestle,

scuffle, fight, of boys, dogs frq. ,also Mil.

;

stag snol - ba a fighting tiger that rushes

upon the enemy Ma.;to contend with, fight

against, subdue, me, a fire Tar.

* snru^s> snron, the names oftwo

of the lunar mansions, \.rgyu-skdr.

snrel-(y)zi Lexx. = pred; Cs.

sloping, oblique; Sch.: confusedly,

pellmell; 6s. also mediocrity.

bi-ndg-pa 1. to devise, contrive, to

take care, to be concerned about,

to strive for or after, . . . zes ycig-tu brndgs-

pas striving only after (that one thing) Tar.;

as sbst. brndg-pa cons keep (it) well in

your mind, pay all attention (to it)! c. genit.,

cf. brndn-pa. 2. Lex. = bzod-pa, to suffer,

to endure; brnag-dka intolerable, insuppor-

table Lex. 3. 6s.: to be full of corrupt

matter.

'

brndn-ba v. rndn-ba.

brndn-pa 1. 6s. to attend, to look

On attentively, Jbri-klog brndn-pato attend while a person is reading or writ-

ing. 2. Sch. : 'to be desirous of, to long

for, cos- la for religious instruction, ltd -la

for food'. With the first signification agreesa quotation in Zam. : ndn-tan-brnan, with

the second the word *zd-nan-can* W., =zd-brnab-can.

brndb-sems Cs.: covetousness,

selfishness; Thgy.: bddg-gi-la

brndb-sems predilection for one's own things,

yzdn-gyi-la brndb-sems desire for things

9

320

n/cOfJ a most perfect vessel of religion (mostsusceplible of etc.) Thgy.; BtlOd ma yin in~

susceptible of religion TAgy., Tar. - 2. inmetaph}'sics: p!Ji-mdd the external world,or father inanimate nature, ftyi-4ndd-Ayi Jig·rtht Gir. and elsewh. frq., opp. to na.ibtUd, viz. the sentient beings composingit; 80 Nil.; &h.: matter and spirit. - II. ".mad-pa.

~ Mmi rest, remainder(?) fri. ~~, 4,&h.

~.:r 8n6n-pa, pr. and fut. lmtan, l. to add,superadd, increase, augment, -la nan

ct!' W. to add to tIle wages, 10 raise thewages; t.1a fsd-big nan ,al' IV. please gi\'C

me some more tea! rn!J~ hsndn·te two beiogadded to them, (their number) increasingby two Mi!.; lIIuil-du .!ndn'pa to augmentby a great Dumber frq. - non_ka, or n.mlla. Wo, increase, growth, augmentation, andin a special sense: agio, premium; 8n6n-1IIa,

bmdn"'lna, id.; "plli..n61l" W:, "!!!jah-ndn"C., dmog - (sOys moo - ma I'tlinforcements,auxiliary Iroops. - 2. to add up, sum uptvd.'".

f.::r~~~· mdb-;og-tan (spelling?) curious, inquisitive, "nob-zeg Cd

Ce" W. to pry int.." to ferret.

f.;rq· mdm-pa I. also 8111im-pa, pc. [,mulIn,fut. b8num, imp mutll("); and "nam

pa, pf. b.!na1lU, fut. bsnanl, imp. MlQln(a),1. to smell, to perceive by the nosp, (cf.mnum-pa), snail dn-manu brllunu-pa toperccive scents by the 1l06eStg.; "danum"IV. tbere, smell at that! "zj nUIn_U rjiJl-te"w: to go about sru.elling lUId prying; "no.

Haii mi num" W. I do not ><mel! aay thing.- 2. to grope, "men-nag-La nom-ne an- nag-zug-Ia n6m-Zin SOltO C., v. nag-zilg.

n. pf. hmo.ms, fut. bsno.m, Jv. °nam-te",resp. for lIm-pa, odzin-pa, {Qgs-pa, itiJj00, to take, relics from a sepulchre Glr.;10 seize, to take up, the alms-bowl Dzl.;to hold, n stick .MiL; to put on, a lSlU:red

garment; "1/0.111 yin -no." W. w0l119 youplease (W take), would you like (to hll\'eII CUI' of tea etc.)?

W~·.:r 3IIor.ha, pf. and fut. bsn<Jr, I, con-(_. found, mingle, mix, disturb Q.~_.r:::r"nOl-ba, pc. and fllt. btmol, 1. to('- unite, join, put logether, fit together,e.g. bricks or stones in building W:; Ca.to adjust; &!l.: to mend holes in stockings,to darn; to cross one's hands, bru,! -far,"esp. {ug8 - kar, on the breast TIl9r. ande1sewh. Crq.; lam 8nol-OO to put together,to embrace w.; ltd-sllol-ba to look at eachother, _d-31Wl-ba to kiss eaeh other, 'andthug frq. denoting reciprocity' fA. (thoughnot to my knowledge). - 2, to wrestle,scuffle, fight, of boys, dogs frq., also .Mil.;8tag 111161 - 00. a fighting tiger that rusbesupon thfl enemy Mo..; to contend With, fightagainst, subdue, me, a lire Tar.<t'.'.q~ ~. 311ruhs, 8nron, the names oftwoS '~-, of the lunar mansions, ,..1yyu_skdr.

i1r-,.r(=l'J)~· 811rel- ()')zi uu. - ired; {.,.~ ~1 sloping, oblique; Sch.: confusedly,pellmell; (.5. also mediocrity..q.f~.:r brndv-pa 1. to devise, contrive, to

'1 take care, to be concerned about,to slrive for or alter, ... Us rCig-tu brnUg8]XU strivingonly after (that one thing) Tar.;as sbst. ON/dg- po.. lOri3 keep (it) well inyour mind, pay all atMlntion (w it)! c. genit.,ef. brnan-pa. - 2. Le.c. = ozOd-pa, to suffer,to endure; hl7lardka inlolerable, Insupportable Lt.-c. - a. c,.: to be full of corruptmaHer.

~I::::r bnui,j-ba Y. rllliti-ba.

.:::j.f~q' oman-pa 1. c,. to aHend, to look'1 on aHentively, oM-Hag onuin-pa

to atMlnd while fl person is reading or writ_ing. - 2. Sch.; 'to be desirous of, to longfor, ah-Ia for religious instruction, ltd-lafor food'. With the first signification agreesa quoUltion in &m.: nan-lan-brnan, withthe second the word "zd-nan-<:an" rv., =zd-brnab-can..::I.f.q.~~. orndb-3CI118 c,.: covetousness.,

"1 selfishness; Tllg!}.: bddg-fli~la

bmdb-sema predilection for one'sown things,rzan-!l!ji-la ol'1ldb~aem" desire. for things,

brnu-ba

191

belonging to others; W. : *zd-nab-can*

greedy, ravenous; *nor-nab-can* greedy of

gain or money, covetous.

brnu-ba, brnur-ba Le.r.r.;

( '*. to draw to, to attract,

(Sch. also: 'to remove a thing from its

place?1

), prob. another form for snur-ba.'

bmogs-pa to hide, conceal, Lex*.

"

bsndii-ba v. rndn-ba.

*

bsndd-pa v. sndd-pa.

"

bsndn-pa v. snon-pa,

bsndm-pa v. ttnom-jm.

bxndr-ba 1. to extend in length, to

lengthen, to pull out, e.g. u piece of

India rubber W. - 2. to draw or drag

after, to trail, mjitg- ma I^&r. the train of

a robe, the tail etc.; fig. to have In its train, to

be attended with, nyon-mons-bsndr the con-

sequences of sin Sch.

bsndl-ba to spin out, to protract Ct.

*

bsnun-pa v. snun-pa.

rt pa \ . the letter p, (tenuis), the French

p.2. num. figure: 13.

j. pa, an af6x, or so-called article, the

same as ba (q. v.) which, when attached

to the roots of verbs, gives them the sig-

nification of nouns, or, in other words is

the sign of the infinitive and the participle;

in the language of common life, however,

it is frq. used for the finite tense, and for

par; affixed to the names of things, it de-

notes the person that deals with the thing

(rtd-pa horseman, cu-pa water-carrier);

combined with names of places, it desig-

nates the inhabitant (bdd-pa inhabitant of

Tibet); with numerals, it either forms the

ordinal number (ynyis-pa the second), or

it implies a counting, measuring, contain-

ing (bii-mo lo-ynyis-pa a girl counting two

years, i. e. a girl of two years; Kru-gdn-

pa measuring one cubit; sum-cu-pa con-

taining thirty viz. letters, like the Tibetan

alphabet); frq. it has no particular signi-

fication (rked-pa etc. etc.), or it serves to

distinguish differentmeanings (rkan marrow,

rkdn-pa foot) or dialects (k'd-ba B.}*Ka*

W. snow) ; pa dan with a verb, v. dan 4 ;

in certain expressions it stands, it would

seem, incorr. inst. of pat: yso-ba rig -pascience of medicine, grub-pa lus structure

of the body, ddm-pa cos holy doctrine (of

Buddha).

pd-ta W. cross, St. Andrew's cross

(thus X).

7^" Pa~ttt v< pa-til.

pd-to a medicinal herb Wdn.

J"5*,more corr.

jy, pd-tra (also pa -fa

Pth.) Ssk., cup, basin, bowl (esp. for sacri-

fices); beggar's bowl = Ihun-bzed.

pa-na Ssk. = tan-ka Tar. 112, 6; in

Bhotan 1 rupee Schr. \in W. (also

*pe-na*) a copper-coin== Paisa, esp. of

foreign coinage.

water Lt."

pa-ni Hind,

pa -ben a strip of wood, ledge, bor-

der(?) W.

p(-*)-*'* l - &* PIanet

Venus. - 2. Friday.

21

belonging to otbers; IV:: ·:d-nab-c",~

greedy, ravenous; -nQr-nub-can- greedy ofgain or money, covetous.=l~'.:::r ~.:;,"~' bl'lIu-J.ia, b''1Iu,'-ba Lu.J:.;

:;". , ...... (". to draw 10, 10 attract,(&1.. also: 'to remove Il. tiling from itsplate?'), prob. anotlJer (01'10 for ~llur-ba.

.:::j~~·'r bl'nQg~-pa to hide, conceal, [~t.J:.J:.

=l~~:'r Nmj,i-ba v. rndti-ha.

.l:l~,,:.:.r bsnad-pa v. • ndd-pa.

=l~'.:.j' Nnan.pa v. JnQn-pa.

.:.j pa I. lhe letter p, (tenuis), the Frenchp. - 2. num. figure: 13.

.:.j' pa, M affix, or so-called l\rticle, thesnme l\S ba (q.v.) which, when attached

to the roots o( verbs, wves them the signification of nouns, or, in other words isthe sign of the infinitive and the participle;in the langul\ge of common life, however,it is frq. used for the finite tense, ::lond forpar; affil:ed to the nnmell of things, it denotes \.he person that dCllls wilh the tbing(Tta-pa horsemnn, cu-pa water-cll.rrier)jcombined with names of plll.ces, it designMes the inhabitant (hOd--pa inhabitant ofTibet); with numerals, il either forms theordinll! nlllllhcr (yn!J(s-pa the second), orit implies a counting, measuring, containing (M-rno lo-ynyh-pa a girl counting twoyenrs, i. e. n girl of two years; Itru-ga.ipo measuring one cubit; ~1In1-Cu-pa containing thirty viz. letters, like the Tibetanalphabet); frq. it bill; no pll.rticular signification (rkid-pa etc. etc.), or it serves todistinguish differcntmcaning, (rkali ma.rrow,rkdn-pa foot) or dialects (I.!d~ 8.,,,,,t -.\

321

~~.:r linlrim_pa Y. "";NI-p«.

=:l~.::.:::r band,...oo 1. 10 extend in ~th, tolengthen, 10 pull olll, e.g. a pie« of

India rubber W: - 2. to draw or dragafter, 10 lrail, m)iJg _mu [JU. tbe train ofa robe, the tail ctc.; fig. to have in ib train, tobe attended with, ngon-mori..·b,ttdr tbe consequences of ,in &h.

=:l~..f=:l' lmu1l-ha to spin olll, to prolract lA.

IV. snow); pn daN with 8 verb, v. dati 4,;

in certain e::Ipressions it stands, it wouldseem, incorr. inst. of pai: ysd-ha rig- pascicnce of medicine, grVb-pa 1m .truetureof the body, dam-pa loa holy doctrine (ofBuddha)..:.j'e;' pd_ta W. cross, St. Andrew', CrolS

, (thus X)..:.j~' pa_til v. pa-tri.

.:r' pd-to a mooicin,,1 herb 1Vdli.

.:r.,5", more corr. '1.,5", pd.tra ("Iso pa-!a"-

Pth.) Ssk., cup, basin, bowl (esp. for sacri·fices); beggar's bowl _lJlU"-li~M.

Q'E" pa-I]a &Ie. - !ali-ka Tar. H2, 6; in'" BllOtan 1 rupee &lar.; in W: (.IM)

-pl_l]a-> a copper-coin - P8isa, esp. offorei~n coin"S"e.

Q"~" pa-I]i Hind. 1fT1ft, waler Lt.

'l".~ pa-bm a strip 01 wood, ledge, bor·der (?) 11':

Q'«(l..I).t'IC~ pa(.too)_Id..... ~. the planetQ Venl/$. - 2. FrIday.

o "

Tibetan English Dictionary (Jaschke 1883) - Row 3

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Transcript of Tibetan English Dictionary (Jaschke 1883) - Row 3