•Through lecture and document analysis, SWBAT understand the causes and effects of the English Civil War.

Alma Mater

Glory, Honor, Love We Give TheeGuardian of our Precious Days

Alma Mater, Loyal HeartsRejoice to sing Thy Praise

Blue and White and Gold to ReignOver Mountain Range and Plain

Hail Pequannock! Hail Pequannock!Everlasting is Thy Name!

Based on what you know about the

French Civil War, what do you think will be the result of

the English Civil war?

The Edict of Nantes was all of the following except it

a) was an acknowledgment that Catholicism was the official religion in Franceb) expelled Huguenots from Francec) recognized the rights of the protestant minority d) was a political decision e) was an attempt to reduce religions violence in France

B

•Using the above as a guide, what do you know about the English Civil War?

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/24/leonardo-da-vinci-mural-sforza-castle-restoration_n_4157965.html

Root Causes • Since James I (Stuart)

- r. 1603-1625 - there was a disagreement between parliament and king

• over Civil Liberties + taxation

• James I and Charles I believe in the divine right

• Monarchs = anglican, parliament = puritans, Presbyterians

Charles I

-Practices true absolutism - what do you think this means?

-Forced taxation-”Ship money” - all regions have to pay money to outfit ships-Religious persecution of Puritans-Attempts to work without of parliament [gentry class]

•Charles marries a Catholic

•Works with House of Commons - lower part of Parliament - Calvinist Gentry

•Decides not to call Parliament for 10 years

Charles IHenrietta Maria of France

Is Charles an Absolute Monarch?

•Religious

•Divine right of kings

•Practical

•Country needed strong monarch for unity

•Personal

•Power hungry

•Needs money from parliament for lifestyle and wars

Between who do you think war breaks out?

1642Cavilers (support king) vs Roundheads

(Calvinists) Church of England + Nobility

Merchants & bourgeoisie

Playskool Version of the English Civil War

Cavaliers

Roundheads

•Oliver Cromwell - Independent military leader of New Model Army - Puritan

•Fights against presbyterians

•Eventually captures king, and rump parliament (1/5) orders him to be beheaded

•The Interregnum - rule without king

•The Protectorate - Cromwell is dictator

•conquers Scotland, puts down revolt in Ireland

•Denies freedom to Catholics and Anglicans

•Eventually dies

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y-hktcFnWp4

•The Restoration - Parliament elects Charles II

•He has no legitimate kids - James I assumes power (Catholic)

•James’ daughter (Mary) marries William of Netherlands

1. Clarendon, Edward Hyde, Earl of, 1609-1674.

The history of the rebellion and civil wars in England, begun in the year 1641 : with the precedent passages, and actions, that contributed thereunto ... and conclusion thereof by the King's blessed restoration ... in the year 1660. (Oxford : printed at the Theater, 1704) 3 vols.

The Restoration of Charles II to the throne after the fall of Cromwell’s Commonwealth was a time of great rejoicing among the English people. However, the scars of the terrible sufferings inflicted on them during the rule of the "saints" were part of the national psyche throughout the reign of the later Stuarts. The excesses of the Civil War were constantly at the back of people’s minds, and could be called up by propagandists for the status quo, during the Exclusion crisis for example, when demagogues such as Shaftesbury seemed likely to disrupt the state. There is a constant refrain, from the conservative side of politics to "Remember ‘41!" Bishop Burnet, writing of 1679, noted that, among his fellow clergymen, "nothing was so common in their mouths as the year forty-one, in which the late wars began, and which seemed now to be near the being acted over again." (History, vol. 1, p. 461)

Clarendon was one of the Royalists gathered around Charles at his court-in-exile. He returned with the royal retinue in May 1660. The description of that event forms the end of the third book of his History.

On Monday he [the King] went to Rochester; and the next day, being the nine and twentieth of May, and his Birth-day, he enter’d London; all the ways thither being so full of People, and Acclamations, as if the whole Kingdom had been gather’d there. Between Deptford and Southwark the Lord Mayor and Aldermen met him, with such protestations of joy as can hardly be imagin’d. The Concourse was so great, that the King rode in a croud from the Bridge to White-Hall; all the Companies of the City standing in order on both sides, and giving loud thanks to God for his Majesty’s presence. He no sooner came to White-Hall, but the two Houses of Parliament solemnly cast themselves at his Feet, with all vows of affection and fidelity to the world’s end. In a word, the Joy was so unexpressible, and so universal, that his Majesty said smilingly to some about him, "he doubted it had been his own fault he had been absent so long; for he saw no body that did not protest, he had ever wished for his Return. (v.3, p. 602)

Clarendon served as Chancellor for Charles II during the early years of the Restoration, until 1667. His account of the Civil War is still one of the most authoritative. The magnificent three volume first edition is one of the finest examples of book production from the Oxford University Press. It is said that money from the sales of this book was used to establish the special imprint of the Clarendon Press.

• What motivated Cromwell’s political and military actions?

• What was Edmund Ludlow’s criticism of Cromwell, and how did Cromwell respond?

• In what ways did Edward Hyde see both good and bad features in Cromwell?

• How do you explain the differences in the three perspectives?

Analyze the impact that religion played in the Dutch Revolt, the French Civil Wars, the Thirty Years’ War, and the English Civil War.

FRQ