Three Discoveries of America & Historiography I. Native Americans- A.Land bridge theory Variation in...
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Transcript of Three Discoveries of America & Historiography I. Native Americans- A.Land bridge theory Variation in...
Three Discoveries of America & Historiography
I. Native Americans-
A. Land bridge theory
Variation in dates:1. 30,000 - 10,000 yrs ago 2. 50,000 - 10,000 yrs ago
B. Gary Nash- Red, White, & Black:
Peoples of Early North America
1.Central argument -story of America
mixing of three cultures
2. Chapter 1- Before Columbus Southeastern migration Environmental Determinism
II. Vikings 800-1100 ADA. Norse Seafares- from
Scandinavia B. Erik The Red-
1.Sagas (Scandinavian folk tales)
2. Leif Erikson- most likely 1st European to reach America
3. 1100- hostilities begin between Native American and Vikings
Vikings leave and never return
IOW / IOT
III. World Systems Analysis A. Immanuel Wallerstein – The Modern World System
1. World systems- a multicultural social system that trades everyday commodities through a division of labor
2. Focuses on European based world system from 16th
century to present 3. Characterized by core area that dominates & exploits
the peripheral areas
4. Several core powers in competition
B. Janet Abu-Lughod- Before European Hegemony: The World System A.D. 1250-1350 (1991)
1.World system existed before European system
2. Stretched from China to Europe
3. Emphasis on role of ports not nations
4. No hierarchal structure / no core
5. IOT made European entry & dominance possible
IV. 1492A. Columbus 1.Born 1451 Genoa, Italy 2. Studies navigation in Lisbon, Portugal: Greek
geography& read “Travels of Marco Polo.”
3. Financed by Spain
4. Spanish monarchs
Ferdinand & Isabella pay for voyage
5. Made a total of four voyages to the New World
B. Results of Columbus’ Voyage:
1. Columbian Exchange
2. Increased competition between Spain &
Portugal
3. Pope Alexander VI- Line of Demarcation 1493-all
lands west belong to Spain& all lands east went to Portugal
4. Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494- officially ends the dispute & sets Line of Demarcation at 48 degrees west longitude
At this time England is still out of the picture. The unrest caused by the Protestant Reformation further delays both England & France
V. Advances and Exploration Before Columbus
A. Portugal- 1. Prince Henry the
navigator2. Establishes school in
Lisbon to promote the scientific study and
advance of navigation
B. Bartholomeu Diaz 1488- Portuguese explorer & 1st to round the tip of Africa after being blown of course
C.Vasco da Gama 1498- rounds the tip of Africa and discovers a trade route to India
D. Scientific Advances 1. Astrolabe- Navigation
instrument used to observe the position of the stars
2. Quadrant- Navigation instrument that measured the distance between sun & stars to find a ship’s location
3. Carrack- Large merchant ship
4. Scurvy- sickness caused by lack of vitamin c