thinking about learning and memory
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thinking about learning and memory Memory? ◦ Types of memory, CNS regions, memory impairments Learning? ◦ Models for learning
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thinking about learning and memory. Memory? Types of memory, CNS regions, memory impairments Learning? Models for learning. Memory Processing. if attended. Short-term Memory (STM) Limited capacity (7 items) can use chunking Brief duration - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of thinking about learning and memory
thinking about learning and memory Memory?
◦ Types of memory, CNS regions, memory impairments
Learning?◦ Models for learning
Memory Processing
if attended
Short-term Memory (STM)◦ Limited capacity (7 items)
can use chunking
◦ Brief duration◦ Can be lost without rehearsal or with interference
Memory Processing
if attended
Short-term Memory (STM)◦ Limited capacity (7 items)
can use chunking Brief duration can be lost without rehearsal or with interference
Long-term Memory (LTM)◦ more permanent storage
Consolidation - Process by which rehearsal of information in STM results
in transfer to LTM
Memory Processing
if attended
retrieval
Amnesia refers to a failure to remember◦ Anterograde amnesia - difficulty in forming new
memories for events that occur after a brain trauma
◦ Retrograde amnesia - inability to recall events that occurred prior to a trauma
Amnesia can be temporary or permanent
Amnesia
Severe anterograde amnesia follows bilateral damage to the hippocampus
Hippocampal Damage and Amnesia
Surgery – 1953 for debilitating epilepsy◦ bilateral removal of hippocampus consequences:
severe anterograde amnesia short-term memory intact long term memory prior to surgery
intact motor memories intact
◦medial temporal amnesia
H.M.
Declarative memory: memories available as facts, events, or specific stimuli
Nondeclarative memory: stimulus-response and motor memories that control behaviors at an unconscious level
Memory Processes
Hippocampal dependent
these can be true or false
Prefrontal Cortex-◦ memory deficits – planning, sequence of events
Cerebellum◦ motor memories
Other CNS regions important for memory
amygdala◦ part of the limbic system; emotional memories
Alzheimers disease◦ Hippocampus has many cholinergic neurons◦ basal forebrain – area specifically affected by AD
Korsakoff’s syndrome
some other ways that memory can be affected
Korsakoff’s syndrome◦ severe anterograde amnesia with elements of
confabulation◦ consequence of chronic alcohol abuse
lesions in a number of brain structures including
some other ways that memory can be affected
ECS – electroconvulsive shock
State dependent memories (and state dependent learning)
some other ways that memory can be affected
