Thermoplastic Piping

Presented by:

VARI-TECH is an acronym for VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIES. The original thrust of the company was to bring engineered products and services to the Northeastern United States market. In 2004, Emco Corporation acquired VARI-TECH. Our purpose has now spread across the North American continent and includes our export partners.

Our technical sales people include Civil Engineers, Mechanical Engineers and Construction Engineers, as well as general technical specialists. All of our engineers are trained in business and project management in order to best serve our customer partners. We also have Professional Engineers on staff.

VARI-TECH works with Consultant Engineers from product suitability to construction details. Our educated corporate inside staff work with procurement and contractor estimators in bid preparation and product specification compliance.

Start-up installation is standard on every project.

Piping Systems exist to deliver fluids (Potable water, Glycol, etc.) from its source to its end user.

Ideally the fluid should be unchanged by the pipe, and the pipe should be unchanged by the fluid.

FLUID EFFECTS ON PIPES

Corrosion

Chemical Attacks

Chlorine

Low PH

Abrasion

Water velocity

Particles

Scaling

PIPE EFFECT ON WATER

Microbiological Growth

Food Scale

Bonding Material

Energy

Light

Abrasion

IF YOU COULD ENGINEER THE PERFECT PIPE

it would be …

Corrosion Resistant

Scaling Resistant

Chemically Resistant

Inert to water

Environmentally friendly

Clean & Light Weight

Quick & Easy to Install

Non-leak connection

Favorably Priced

Support biological growth

Expand excessively

Conduct heat Require solder

or glue

Conduct or generate noise

Have high friction

Be easily damaged

Have “weak links” at the

fittings

DOMESTIC CODE APPROVALS

Domestic certified quality

Various national independent authorities and

institutions confirm Aquatherm’s quality standards.

What are you designing for?

ASTM F714 (fusion joined)

ASTM F894 (tested, leak proof gasketed joint)

NSF Standard 61 (suitable for potable water)

NSF Standard 14 (meets performance requirements)

NSF Standard 51 (suitable for food processing)

ICC ESR- 1613 valuation report(meets or exceeds standards)

IPC 2009 sec 605 (water distribution & services)

DIN EN ISO 9001 (quality management requirements)

IMC 2009 Chapter 12 (hydronic applications)

IRC 2009 Chapter 21 & 26 (hydronic & plumbing)

UMC 2009 Chapter 12 (hydronic piping)

UPC 2012 Chapter 6 (water distribution & building supply)

Army Corps of Engineers UFGS #22-00-00

DOMESTIC CODE APPROVALS

Domestic certified quality

Various national independent authorities and

institutions confirm Aquatherm’s quality standards.

Some PP-R materials are manufactured to all of the following:

ASTM F2389 (meets standard pressure rates)

CSA B137.11 (meets pressure applications)

CSA B214 (pipe and fittings for hydronic applications)

BNQ 3660-950 (meets safety standards for drinking water)

ISO 15874 (meets requirements for hot & cold water installations)

ASTM F2023 (meets requirements for oxidative resistance to hot chlorinated water)

ASTM D 635 (meets burn time requirements)

FM 1635 (for wet pipe automatic sprinkler systems in light-hazard occupancies)

NFPA 13D (standard for the installation of sprinkler systems in one-and two-family

dwellings and manufactured homes)

LDS Specifications for Chapel Construction (22-1116)

Listed in Master Specifications

PREFERRED PIPING MATERIALS

HDPE and PP-R are cost-effective, environmentally friendly, high performance

and more efficient alternatives to ductile iron, steel, copper and fiberglass

pipe.

Leak-proof connections are assembled through fusion welding process.

Joining method requires no additives such as solvents, glues or solder

Bell x spigot joints are leak tight and meet F894

Smooth interior walls resist corrosion and collection of sediment

Environmentally friendly and 100% recyclable, with no harmful waste

products

Well established US providers of support and product inventories

Thermoplastic selection dependent on appropriate temperatures and

pressures

PIPE VARIATIONS

Pipe application may be shown using an

indicator stripe on HDPE, or by resin color

as shown with PP-R

EXPANSION FORCES

Expansion rates:

Steel - 1”/100°F/100’Copper - 1.5”/100°F/100’Plastics - 10”/100°F/100’PP-R Faser pipe - 2.5"/100°F/100’

Above means little without pipe modulus:

Steel - 27,000,000 PSI

Copper – 18,600,000 PSI

HDPE – 150,000 PSI

PP-R – 180,000 PSI

While plastics have a higher expansion rate, they produce a manageable force that may be easily resisted.

WHAT ELSE DOES A LOW MODULUS PROVIDE?

BENDING RADIUS (HDPE and PE-RT)

DR ≤ 13.5 R=20 x pipe diameter

DR > 13.5-21 R=25 x pipe diameter

DR > 21 R=30 x pipe diameter

The flexibility of thermoplastics also

allows for the elimination of many

fittings and thrust blocking, as well as

safer, out-of-the-trench joining.

PP-R FASER PIPE

To increase maximum operating temperatures and overall performance,

PP-R may include a Faser layer of glass rovings suspended in the PP-R

resin.

This material is extruded as the middle layer of the pipe, and allows the

pipe to remain rigid at high temperatures without sacrificing any of the

other benefits of the pipe.

Faser Core

Reduces thermal

expansion by 75%

TEMPERATURES AND PRESSURES

HDPE 4710 and PP-R (non-faser)

appropriate uses through 140°F PP-R with Faser layer

appropriate uses through 200°F PE-RT (High Temp HDPE)

appropriate uses through 180°F

Material selection will be dependent on the temperature and pressure, as well as chemical

compatibility.

BURIED APPLICATIONS

Thermoplastics such as HDPE and PP are

capable of handling stress caused by expansion

and contraction.

Both are safe for direct buried applications in soil, sand or concrete,

and are also well suited for directional boring.

Their inherent strength and integrity of fused connections requires

no thrust blocking.

Care must be taken when joining to other materials.

HDD (DIRECTIONAL DRILLING)

With their high tensile strength and

flexibility, thermoplastics are

extremely well suited to hydraulic

directional drill applications.

FUSION

Three methods of fusion:

Butt fusion

Socket fusion

Electrofusion

There are three components to heat fusion

Time

Heat

Pressure

BUTT FUSION

The principle of heat fusion

Heating two surfaces to a designated temperature, and

then fuse them together by application of force. This

process develops pressure, causing flow of the melted

materials, which causes mixing and fusion. When the

thermoplastic pipe is heated, the molecular structure is

transformed from a crystalline state into an amorphous

condition. When fusion pressure is applied, the

molecules from each pipe end mix.

The result of heat fusion

As the joint cools, the molecules return to

their original form, the original interfaces are

gone, and the two pipes have become one

monolithic pipe.

BUTT FUSION (CONT)

Clamping the Pipe

The pipe pieces are held

axially to allow all subsequent

operations to take place.

Facing the Pipe

The pipe ends are faced to

establish clean, parallel mating

surfaces, perpendicular to the

centerline of each pipe.

BUTT FUSION (CONT)

Heating the Pipe

The melt pattern, that

penetrates into the pipe, must

be formed around both pipe

ends.

•Fusing the Pipe

•The melt patterns must be joined

with a specified force. The force on

the joint must be held until the joint

cools.

ELECTROFUSION

The main difference between conventional heat fusion and electrofusion

is the method by which the heat is applied. The electrofusion joint is

heated internally, either by a conductor at the interface of the joint or by a

conductive polymer. Heat is created as an electric current is applied to

the conductive material in the fitting. HDPE and PP-R pipe to pipe

connections may be made using electrofusion couplings. There are also

branch saddles, tapping tees, and a host of additional EF fittings

available

ELECTROFUSION (CONT)

SOCKET FUSION

The exterior of the pipe is

heated concurrently with the

inside of the fitting.

When appropriate heat soak

has passed, the fitting and pipe

are removed from the heating

plate and pushed together.

Larger socket fusion may

require machine assistance.

MINIMIZES LIABILITY

Fusion results in a joint with no allowable leakage

No weak links at fittings

No bad crimps

No working its way loose

Abrasion resistant

Highly chemical resistant

F894 BELL X SPIGOT OPTIONS Used in conjunction with culvert sliplining, water,

wastewater, manhole, and other applications.

May also employ an extrusion weld for increased sealing properties.

F894 PIPE JOINTS

GREEN ADVANTAGES

From production and installation to consumer use and recycling, HDPE and PP-R piping

systems are clean, sustainable, and environmentally friendly. Choosing a piping

solution that works hard to protect our delicate world lets you take an active hand in

securing a better tomorrow.

Heat-fused or gasket connections require no solvents, cements or glues

Free of PVC, plasticizer and chlorine

Smooth interior walls resist corrosion and collection of sediment

Opaque, so as not to promote microbiological growth in the pipe

Safe for potable water and food-grade (PP-R) applications

Recyclable – can be ground, melted and reutilized for various applications

MODES OF FAILURE

MODES OF FAILURE

ADVANTAGES AND CHARACTERISTICS

Competitively priced

Environmentally sustainable

Smell and taste neutrality

100% recyclable

100% corrosion resistant

Excellent welding properties

Less pipe friction

Quiet – eliminates noise

High impact resistance

Resistance against chemicals

Light weight, easy to handle

Easy to install

May be high heat stabilized

Low flammability

High pressure air lines (faser)

High abrasion resistance

Peace Of Mind

IF YOU COULD ENGINEER THE PERFECT PIPE

it would be …

Corrosion Resistant

Scaling Resistant

Chemically Resistant

Inert to water

Environmentally friendly

Clean & Light Weight

Quick & Easy to Install

Non-leak connection

Favorably Priced

QUESTIONS

1) What are the three fusion methods for joining HDPE and PP-R systems?

2) Name a common application for the use of HDPE or PP-R.

3) What are three criteria for selecting the correct thermoplastic material?

4) The material that includes a faser layer (glass fibers mixed with polypropylene resin) results in the following:

a. Greater pressure ratings

b. Can handle higher temperatures

c. Reduces thermal expansion and contraction

d. All of the above

5) Due to the lack of corrosion, stable ID and smooth wall characteristics for the life of the pipe, ____________ _____________ will remain stable for the life of the system.

ANSWERS

1) What are the three fusion methods for joining HDPE and PP-R systems?

Answers: Butt fusion, Socket fusion, Electrofusion

2) Name a common application for the use of HDPE or PP-R pipe.

Answers: water and waste water applications, hydronics, chilled or hot water, Grey or reclaimed water, compressed air, food grade process pipe, chemical lines, etc

3) What are three criteria for selecting the correct thermoplastic material?

Answers: pressure, temperature and chemical compatibility

4) The material that includes a faser layer (glass fibers mixed with polypropylene resin) results in the following:a. Greater pressure ratingsb. Can handle higher temperaturesc. Reduces thermal expansion and contractiond. All of the above

5) Due to the lack of corrosion, stable ID and smooth wall characteristics for the life of the pipe, ____________ _____________ will remain stable for the life of the system.

Answer: flow characteristics

THANK YOU