Thermal Imaging Cameras Tics
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Transcript of Thermal Imaging Cameras Tics
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Pulkit Agarwal
CS08084
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THERMAL IMAGING CAMERAS (TICS)
Thermal imaging cameras (TICs) have gained
acceptance gradually just like many other new
products in various service. While the
acquisition of TICs by a department can be a
costly endeavor, their numerous uses make the
devices some of the most versatile tools a that
can used. The capabilities of TICs greatly
increase the effectiveness of people, makingtheir acceptance and use critical.
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CONCEPT OF TIC
The concept of thermal imaging istraced back to
the 1800s and British astronomer Sir William
Hershel. Hershel discovered thatcolors below
the color red in the visible spectrum are invisibleto the naked eye without the use of a prism.
These calorific rays, now known as infrared
rays, are the basis for todays TIC technology.
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All objects emit energy in the infrared spectrum. Thehotter the object, the greater the energy release. Rays ofenergy exist in a spectrum. From low to high, these raysinclude the following:
Radio waves
Infrared waves
Visible light waves(red, yellow, blue, and purple)
Ultraviolet waves
X-rays
Gamma rays
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HISTORY
As technology advanced, thermal imaging technology was
developed for military use. This technology, originally known as
FLIR (forward looking infrared), was used in the Falklands War of
1982 by British soldiers to observe movements of enemy troops.
The technology was later added to military aircraft and widely used
in the first Gulf War.
Military personnel found that use of the thermal imaging technology
gave them the advantage of sight in otherwise zero-visibility
conditions. The technology also allowed personnelto detecttargets
from the landscape by their heat signatures.
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The application of thermal imaging technology following the Falkland
War has expanded in the following progression:
Mid 1980s Adopted by European fire
organization
Late 1980s Adopted by the Fire Department
of New York (FDNY) in 1988 Mid 1990s Adoption and acquisition by other
fire departments in the U.S.
Today Widespread acquisition in the U.S.
with infrequent application
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FUNCTIONS
TIC works by dispersing infrared rays and then
interpreting what is found at the infrared level in a formatthat can be easily seen. In low-visibility environments,
visible light is blocked by particles such as smoke, fog,
and steam. The infrared rays emitted by the TIC go
between these particles and determine the relativetemperature of objects in relation to their surroundings. As
a result, personnel using TICs have a available view of the
area based on the heat emitted by objects.
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SPECIFICATIONS
The majority of TIC units are handheld. Newtechnology, however, allows for theproduction of increasingly smaller units. This newer technology allows TIC units to
be directly mounted to firefighters helmets and affords personnel the ability to
operate with their hands free. TICs vary depending on several factors such as the
following:
Resolution or pixel countResolutions are typically160 by 120 at the low end and
320 by 240 at the high end.
Hertz speedSignal frequency; the higher thespeed the better.
Electronic irisOperation is similar to a camera lens; an automatic iris is preferred.
Dynamic rangeRange of temperature between the ambient temperature and the
highest temperature identified; the wider the range the better.
TemperatureMaximum temperature identified on a display. Some units identify
temperatures up to 300F, while others identify temperatures at 1,000F or more.
ColorSome have black and white displays. Others display various colors
depending on the temperature.
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DISPLAY AND POWER SUPPLY
TIC displays use either LCD (Liquid Crystal
Display) or OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode)technology. The display of a TIC is typically the
single largest power draw of the device.
Portable TICs use batteries to provide power to the
device. Traditionally, these units have usedrechargeable NiCad battery packs, but there has
been a more recent trend towards using standard
alkaline batteries.
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NIGHT VISION &TIC
People are often confused of the difference
between thermal imaging and image intensifying
(better known as night vision) technology. Image
intensifiers or night vision goggles take the
available visible light and greatly amplify it inorder to allow for vision in low-light
environments. While people using this
technology are able to see in low-light
environments, the displays do not indicaterelative or specific heat.
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TIC NVC
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ADVANTAGES
Are not affected by weather.
Allow observers to see in zero-visibility.
Quickly identify heat sources, especially in overhaul.
Facilitate victim identification faster during search and
rescue operations.
Improve the search of interior operations.
Contribute to the reduction of both firefighter andcivilian deaths.
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DISADVANTAGES
Will not penetrate glass, however heated glass typically
appears lighter in color Will not typically penetrate water; some penetration may
occur in a fog or mist
May or may not penetrate steam depending on its density
Will display reflections from surfaces such as glass,water, mirrors, and other shiny surfaces
Present a two-dimensional image, which means thatdepth-perception skills must be developed
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LIMITATIONS
Are expensive and may be cost prohibitive for
some departments
Have the potential to fail just like any tool
Are not beneficial unless used
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FUTURE
The future of TIC use in the fire service , network
security is very promising. Many more people are
requiring a TIC unit on every apparatus. While
cost is a factor for TIC purchase, users can expectthat the cost of these units will decrease with time.
Given the multiple uses of TICs, these units are a
sound investment.
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QUERIES????
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THANK
YOU