Therapy Any treatment process for mental disorders Variety of types Psychological (psychotherapy)...
-
Upload
martin-lindsey -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
0
Transcript of Therapy Any treatment process for mental disorders Variety of types Psychological (psychotherapy)...
Therapy
• Any treatment process for mental disorders
• Variety of types
Psychological (psychotherapy)
Biomedical
• Common element: a relationship focused on change.
Obstacles to Therapy
• Stigma
• Lack of money or insurance
• Lack of qualified therapists
• Certain types of disorders
Friend or Therapist ?
• Friend may have own needs.
• Therapist is confidential.
• Friend may not have expertise.
Mental Health Care Professionals
• Counseling psychologist
• Clinical psychologist
• Psychiatrist
• Psychoanalyst
• Psychiatric nurse practitioner
• Clinical social worker
• Pastoral counselor
Psychological Therapies
• Behavioral--change learned habit patterns.
• Cognitive--restructure thinking patterns.
• Psychodynamic--develop insight into unresolved hidden conflicts.
• Humanistic--emphasize freedom of choice and development of healthy relationships
Behavioral Therapies
• Based on operant and classical conditioning.– Counterconditioning– Systematic desensitization– Aversion therapy– Contingency management– Token economy
Cognitive Therapies
• Emphasize rational thinking as key to changing emotions and behavior.
• Both – what we think (content)– how we think (process)
• Emotional dysfunction comes from irrational beliefs not an event itself.
Beck’s Approach
• Negative self-talk becomes automatic
• Evaluate the evidence for and against these automatic thoughts
• Discover alternate thoughts
Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT)
• Founder--Albert Ellis
• Emotional and behavioral problem develops from irrational beliefs not the event itself.
• Therapist challenges the irrational beliefs.
Irrational Beliefs
• I must always succeed.
• I should always receive approval.
• I should always be treated fairly.
• My experiences should always be pleasant.
Cognitive-behavioral Therapy
• Most contemporary form of psychotherapy
• Combines cognitive techniques to change thinking with alterations in reinforcement contingencies.
Research on Psychotherapy
• Therapy better than no therapy.
• Longer better than short therapy.
• All forms of therapy equally effective.
• Best to match specific therapies to specific conditions.
Counseling Your Friends/Family
• Best to refer to professionals if serious.
• Try to avoid advice-giving.
• Use non-directive techniques.
Active Listening
• Use paraphrasing.
• Ask for clarification.
• Shows interest and empathy.
• Helps the person organize their thinking about the problem.
Exploration of Alternatives
• Help identifying other potential choices.
• Explore the consequences of each.
• Point out that doing
• Remember the choice is up to the individual who owns the problem.
Biomedical Therapies
• Treatments that focus on altering the brain.
• Based on the medical model of abnormality.
• Drug Therapy
• Psychosurgery
• Electroconvulsive and Magnetic Therapies
Antipsychotic Drugs
• Developed in 1950’s
• Thorazine, Haldol
• Major tranquilizers
• Also diminish psychotic symptoms
• Reduce the activity of neurotransmitter dopamine
Antidepressant Drugs
• Lift depressed mood.
• Most common now are SSRIs.
• Prolong action of neurotransmitter serotonin.
• Prozac, Zoloft, etc.
• Side effects but not addictive.
Antianxiety Drugs
• Diminish feelings of anxiety.
• Increase activity of neruotransmitter GABA
• Most common now are benzodiazepines such as Valium or Xanax.
• Have side effects and are addictive.
Stimulants
• Used to treat narcolepsy and ADHD.
• Ritalin
• Increase availability of neurotransmitters dopamine and/or serotonin.