The Weapon of the Weak- A Case Study on Discrimination in a Public School in Cuzco

8/12/2019 The Weapon of the Weak- A Case Study on Discrimination in a Public School in Cuzco

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PFO ]OERAL AG PFO]OEI

E neso stu`y al `dsnrdhdletdal dl e pujcdn snfaac dl Nusna.

_l`or tfo suporvdsdal el` `drontdalag Kas Nercas Emora (Nalsuctelt)


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^tu`y propero` jy hohjors ag Loxas Waculterdas; Nceu`de Ovels grah Jrdstac_ldvorsdty dl tfo _I9 Ohdcy Hdldlmor grah ]etorcaa _ldvorsdty dl Neleè9Elate Nfrdstus-Zelkel, Nercy Feyos, Ordie Hecdnf, Dheel êl`fu, HerdelloRadrdor, el` Wdntarde HenErtfur grah Nercotal _ldvorsdty, dl Attewe, Neleè.

]dtf tfo suppart ag ôel Narlocdssol el` ulòr tfo drontdal el` suporvdsdalag Kas Nercas Emora, fdstardel el` Fuhel Zdmfts nalsuctelt, rospalsdjco gartfds vorsdal.

Loxas Waculterdas :25>

_rujehje Nusna.Ocontraldn Worsdal.Roru.


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ENILA]CO@MOHOLP^

Pfds stu`y wauc` lat fevo jool heò passdjco wdtfaut tfo suppart ag toenfors,

stuòlts, el` perolts ag tfo Rujcdn Oùnetdalec Dlstdtutdal ag _rujehje wfa sfero`

wdtf us vecuejco tostdhaldos el` eccawo` us ta eppraxdheto aursocvos ta tfodr cdvos

el` oxpordolnos.

]o ecsa tfeli ecc tfo vacultoors el` toeh hohjors ag Loxas Waculterdas tfet

naltrdjuto` ta tfds wari, spondeccy tfo mraup grah Nercotal _ldvorsdty, Nceu`de Ovels

grah Jrdstac _ldvorsdty el` Ohdcy Hdldlmor grah ]etorcaa _ldvorsdty, gar tfodr òsdro

ta naltrdjuto ta gdoc` wari el` coerl low roecdtdos dl el apol el` solsdtdvo hellor.


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DL@OV

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5. A_Z ZEND^H........................................................................................6

:. ^P_@OLP^ EL@ POENFOZ^ PECI EJA_P@D^NZDHDLEPDAL...............................................................................................5=

:.5 Dltorvdows wdtf tfo stuòlts

:.: Dltorvdows wdtf toenfors

:.> âho gdl`dlms; `dsnrdhdletdal dl shecc tfdlms

>. E GO] LAPO^ EJA_P D@OLPDPT EL@ @D^NZDHDLEPDAL;

PFO U_O^PDALLEDZO^...................................................................................0:

0. AJÔZWEPDAL^.................................................................................0=

0.5 Ncessraah dltorentdals

0.: Rceymraul` dltorentdals

0.> Dltorentdals jotwool toenfors el` stuòlts

?. E GO] GDLEC ZOGCOVDAL^.........................................................?2

?.5 Hedl prajcohs

ELLOV - Cdhdtetdals.......................................................................................?:


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DLPZA@_NPDAL

Dl tfo pest gow yoers, Loxas Waculterdas (LoWa) fes wario` emedlst `dsnrdhdletdal dl

_rujehje, dl verdaus eroes; prahatdal, òvocapholt, el` hast ronoltcy, rosoernf.

Pforo wes el dlvostdmetdvo stu`y roecdzo` dl :25: wdtf tfo purpaso ag òtorhdldlm

wfdnf pujcdn dlstdtutdals woro pornodvo` es `dsnrdhdletary el`, es sunf, ento` es

jerrdors ta tfo papucetdal, pertdnucercy ag rurec ardmdl, dl tfodr ennoss ta rdmfts. Es e

naltdluetdal ag tfds stu`y, LoWa taai al tfo tesi ta dlvostdmeto faw `dsnrdhdletdal

nauc` ropraùno dtsocg dl e speno ag pertdnucer dltorost; e Rujcdn Oùnetdalec

Dlstdtutdal.

^dlno Loxas Waculterdas ds e prahatdalec dlstdtutdal ag òvocapholt entdals el` lat

el eneòhdn oltdty, dts oggarts dl tfo gdoc` ag rosoernf ero lat ejco ta jo al e cermo

sneco. Lovortfocoss, dt hexdhdzo` tfo patoltdec ag vdsdts grah yaulm vacultoors stuòlts ar mreùetos ag gdoc`s dl tfo ândec ^ndolnos dl Nele`del el` Jrdtdsf

uldvorsdtdos ta tost e naaporetdvo hotfa`, lat noltro` dl tfo trelsgor ag rosaurnos,

sorvdnos ar tonflacamy jut dlstoe` dl tfo eppcdnetdal ag tfodr rosoernf sidccs.

]o òndò` ta roecdzo e neso stu`y el` nfaso e fahamoloaus snfaac dl torhs ag dts

otfldn el` sanda-onalahdn nahpasdtdal. Pfds dlstdtutdal, fasts tfo nfdc`rol ag

poeselts grah tfo paarost zalo, mdvdlm us el dltorostdlm, yot cdhdto`, eppraenf et tfo

seho tdho.


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Pfo rosoernf hotfaàcamy dlncuò`; dltorvdows wdtf e shecc grentdal ag stuòlts el`

toenfors, e quostdalledro ejaut tfo dltorprotetdal ag el dnaldn dhemo, el` lal-

pertdndpetary ajsorvetdal.

Pfo quecdtetdvo ète wes elecyzo` wdtf tfo ajkontdvo ag coerldlm tfo tfohos, dòes,

porsalec rocetdals, hdnra-`ylehdns, el` jrdog stuòlt `dcohhes wforo `dvorso garhs

ag `dsnrdhdletdal ero garho` dlsdò tfo snfaac.

]o pert grah e sdlmco, haòst ajkontdvo; ta coerl tfo pornoptdals ag jays el` mdrcs dl e

rurec snfaac dl _rujehje romer`dlm tfo èdcy prentdnos el` `dvorso garhs ag

`dsnrdhdletdal.

Pfo dltorvdows woro roecdzo` wdtf stuòlts el` toenfors ag tfo nfasol oùnetdalec

dlstdtutdal. Dl jrdog, odmft stuòlts ag gdgtf mreò (gdvo heco, tfroo goheco) woro nfasol

et relàh jy tfodr toenfors ta pertdndpeto dl tfo dltorvdows. Gurtforharo, gaur

toenfors el` e psynfacamdst woro ecsa dltorvdowo`.

Rrovdaus ta roecdzdlm tfo dltorvdows, Loxas Waculterdas sujhdtto` e cottor ag nalsolt

ta tfo perolts, wforo tfoy woro dlgarho` ejaut tfo leturo ag tfo stu`y el` wfdnf ecc

sdmlo` dl nalsolt. Dg ely ag tfo nfasol stuòlts wes ulejco ta pertdndpeto, wo esio`

tfoh ta ronahhol` elatfor porsal ar wo wauc` nfaaso elatfor stuòlt.

Oenf dltorvdow wdtf tfo stuòlts wes roecdzo` et tfo snfaac ar et e pujcdn nego loerjy.

Pforo woro ecweys twa rosoernf toeh hohjors; tfo gdrst garhuceto` tfo quostdals el`

tfo sonal` taai latos.


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Dl aròr ta fevo ennoss ta e wdòr sehpco ag pertdndpelts, tfo toeh `dstrdjuto` e

quostdalledro ta tfo tfroo sontdals ag twocgtf mreò. Dl tatec, tforo woro =: stuòlts,

jotwool 50 el` 54 yoers ag emo9 >= heco el` >? goheco tfet elsworo` tfo

quostdalledro. Pfoso woro `dstrdjuto` ùrdlm ncess tdho el` wo esio` tfo stuòlts taelswor dlòpolòltcy wdtfaut esidlm tfodr poors.

Pfo quostdalledro sfawo` e vory wocc-ilawl dhemo tfet roprosolts tfo òetf ag

PpenEheru DD dl tfo yoer 5=65, pucco` jy gaur ^peldsf sac`dors. Pfds dhemo ecsa

dlncuò` tfo wdgo ag PpenEheru DD, Hdneoce Jestdès, el` tfo pujcdn dl tfo

jenimraul`. Pfo ldlo quostdals paso` woro òsdmlo` ta dlvostdmeto ejaut tfo

dòltdty, syhpetfy ar dòltdgdnetdal wdtf tfo porsalemos el` ta coerl ejaut stuòlts

apdldals surraul`dlm tfds ovolt. Pfo quostdals ecsa saumft ta prapaso e rogcontdal dl

torhs ag tfodr prosolt jy esidlm; ds tfds vdacolno sdhdcer ta tfo alo yau oxpordolno

taèy1 ]fy1

E``dtdaleccy, tfo toeh roecdzo` ajsorvetdals ùrdlm ncess tdho gar tfo porda` ag tfroo

woois. Pforo wes ecweys e hdldhuh ag twa rosoernfors prosolt. Pfo toeh ajsorvo`

tfo dltorentdals ehalm tfo stuòlts ùrdlm ncess, ronoss, pfysdnec oùnetdal el` neroor

tredldlm. Pfo dltorentdals jotwool stuòlts el` toenfors woro ecsa ajsorvo`.

Ecc rosoernf tonfldquos woro òvocapo` dl e rospontguc hellor, entdvocy naar`dletdlm

wdtf tfo eutfardtdos et tfo snfaac, wdtfaut dltorvoldlm dl èdcy `ylehdns jotwool

stuòlts el` toenfors, el` wdtf otfdnec nrdtorde. Dl tfds ropart wo wdcc lat rovoec tfo

leho ag tfo pertdndpetdlm dlstdtutdal lar stuòlts ar toenfors lehos el` atfor

porsals dltorvdowo`.


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5. A_Z ZEND^H

]fet wo edh ta sfaw dl tfds stu`y ds sdhpco, ecjodt sdhucteloauscy emedlst tfo

provecolt nahhal solso. @dsnrdhdletdal el` rendsh wari el` ero usoguc, wfdnf

oxpcedls tfodr rosdstelno el` porhelolno òspdto pujcdn roprajetdal es wocc es comec

el` harec nalòhletdal.

Pfo stuòlts wdtf wfah wo fevo nalvorso` ronur ta rendsh es e ògolso honfeldsh

dl el olvdralholt gucc ag patoltdec el` roec emmrossdals. Zendsh waris gar tfoh es e

woepal, e taac gar tfo woei dl provoltdlm tfohsocvos grah jodlm e termot el`

trelsgorrdlm tfo emmrossdals ta tfo loxt porsal. Pfds ds wfy tforo ds la ol` ta tfo

nfedl ag rendsh, gar tforo ds ecweys sahoalo ta wfah tfo vuclorejdcdty nel jo

trelsceto` ta, romer`coss ag wfotfor ar lat tfoy hoot tfo pfolatypdn roqudroholts.

]fet hettors ds tfet dl e spondgdn rocetdalsfdp, tohpareccy ògdlo`, sahoalo fes dl e

òtorhdlo` dlstelno coss rosaurnos ta ògol` tfohsocvos tfel tfo atfor, el` tfoprosolno ag e tolso naltoxt wforojy jatf ar ecc ero weltdlm ta gdmft ar, et coest

avornaho dl tfo jost nal`dtdals.

Zendsh jotwool jays el` mdrcs ds tfus e usoguc rosaurno tfet eccaws tfoh ta dltorent

el` sacvo porhelolt sdtuetdals ag nahpotdtdal el` emmrossdal. Pfds rendsh gucgdccs

nalnroto el` oggontdvo sandec gulntdals, wfdnf ely id` nel soo el` tocc. Dt ds la

hystory. Dt ds pert ag tfo ersolec evedcejco ta tfoh ta ettol` snfaac wdtf rocetdvo el`

ecweys ulstejco sunnoss. Paèys emmrossar nel jo taharraws vdntdh ar jatf echast

sdhucteloauscy.


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Dt ds lat lonossery ta dhemdlo mroet ents ag rendsh ar somrometdal. Pfds rendsh ds heò

up ag cdttco tfdlms, ag òtedcs, ag èdcy cdgo. Pfoso èdcy dltorentdals ero lat usueccy

ajsorvo` joneuso dt ds tfo warc` ag nfdc`rol el` yautf, wforo eùcts fevo cdhdto`

ennoss. El` tfds rendsh nfelmos joneuso tfo rocetdalsfdps ehalm nfdc`rol ecsa nfelmo.La alo ds rendst ecc tfo tdho. Roapco ronur ta rendsh joneuso dt waris gar tfoh el`

joneuso tfo prentdno òhalstretos tfet dt ds usoguc.

Dt ds pertdnucercy usoguc wfol e jay ar e mdrc fevo ta ògol` tfohsocvos ar tfdli tfoy

fevo ta pratont tfohsocvos ar provolt feressholt. Es sunf, dt ol`s up jodlm e usoguc

el` ovol pasdtdvo rosaurno. _lgartuletocy, dt ds lat e nroetdvo sacutdal jut retfor e

ògolsdvo alo. Pfds ds joneuso ectfaumf dt cdjoretos e nfdc` grah e haholt ag

ettoltdal el` tolsdal dl e mraup, dt trelscetos tfo juròl ta elatfor. Dl e spondgdn

haholt tforo ds ecweys sahoalo haro Dl`del ar nfacata sorvo es termot wfah dl e

mdvol tdho wdcc turl ta tfo seho woepal.

Grah wfet wo fevo ajsorvo`, echast ely id` et tfds snfaac nel uso rendsh el` jo

vdntdhs ag dt, ectfaumf saho fevo haro pawor, rosaurnos, el` stetus tfel atfors. Pfoy

hey jo haro groquoltcy tfo termots ag rendec feressholts. Pfo `dggorolno looò` ta jo

hanio` ar e termot ag rd`dnuco nel jo es hdldsnuco es fevdlm ar lat fevdlm e ònolt

latojaai ar sdhdcer ta tfet ag atfor tfo papucer poors9 ar woerdlm `drty el` ac`

ncatfdlm. Pfoso ero tfo tfdlms tfet hettor et snfaac el` tfet gar us hdmft jo

dlsdmldgdnelt.

Dg rendsh ds e woepal ag tfo woei ta ògol` tfohsocvos, tfol ero wo prahatdlm

rendsh1 Latfdlm gurtfor grah aur dltoltdal. ]o wauc` ta dlvdto ta soo el` òsnrdjo

tfo dltorentdals es e gdrst stop, dl aròr ta ronamldzo dts sandec gulntdal, dts rocetdvo

sunnoss el` coerl ejaut dts oggonts, ajsorvdlm tfet saho ero pasdtdvo.


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Pfds rendsh `dssdpetos saho mraup tolsdals, gdl`dlm e mot ewey grah tfo stross ag

nahpotdtdal el` porhelolt nalgcdntdvo rocetdalsfdps dl snepomaets tfet nfelmo ar

rateto tfodr raco. Dt nel haholterdcy sevo e sujkont grah jodlm el ajkont ag emmrossdal,

jrdlmdlm tfoh e jesdn, òhanretdn, woepal et ovoryalos roenf. Hely id`s nelògol` tfohsocvos ar jottor pasdtdal tfohsocvos et tfds snfaac joneuso tfoy spoei

jottor ^peldsf, atfors joneuso tfoy fevo urjel oxpordolnos, uso ldno ncatfdlm ar nel

juy slenis ùrdlm ronoss jut lat ecc nel ronur ta tfoso taacs. Gar tfaso tfet fevo

latfdlm et fel`, rendsh aggol`dlm alo elatfor ds sahotfdlm tfet tfoy nel fevo

el` à. Dt ds nfoep, dt nahos ta el echast dlvdsdjco prdno joneuso elyalo nel ceumf ar

dlsuct tfo id` tfet hossos up dl fds roe`dlm dl gralt ag tfo ncess, jut dt ds el echast

dlvdsdjco prdno joneuso et hanidlm tfo atfor stuòlt, fo/sfo hdmft gooc mudct et

roecdzdlm tfet vory òopcy tfoy ero hanidlm tfohsocvos. Dt ds tfds lometdvo oggont tfet

eppoers ta us es tfo hast prajcohetdn gar dòltdty. Pfds ds e tapdn tfoy wdcc fevo ta

òec wdtf gar e calm tdho. Goocdlm prau` ag tfodr celmuemo, tredts, el` gehdcdos ds lat

sahotfdlm tfet wdcc jo eutahetdn ar sdhpco, tfoy wdcc fevo ta suppart tfds jy ronurrdlm,

dl saho nesos, ta vory nahpcox ocejaretdals.

]fet feppols et tfds snfaac ds fer` ta molorecdzo, lat kust ta wfet feppols et atfor

snfaacs jut wfet feppols dl tfo romdal ag Nusna ar tfo naultry. Pfds ds tfus e

nalnroto el` haòst stu`y jut dt fes tfo vecuo ag ganusdlm gar e jrdog tdhogreho dl e

sdlmco speno el` dl shecc dltorentdals tfet ero agtol hdsso` dl hekar elecysos.

]dtfaut e àujt, tfoso rosucts gdl` nahhalecdtdos wdtf ronolt cdtoreturo ejaut

`dsnrdhdletdal dl Nusna el` Roru dl molorec. Gdrst ag ecc, dt ds agtol ronamldzo` tfet

tforo ero nahpcox dltorsontdalecdtdos romer`dlm rendsh; `dsnrdhdletdal gar sandec ncess,

otfla-nucturec el` jy molòr (Renfonfa, :25:). Pfo Nusquoa eppoers nalsndaus ag

tfoso snolerdas el` ds ejco ta dòltdgy tfet rendsh ds oxtolò` et oùnetdalec gendcdtdos


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ta tfo padlt wforo dt ds nalsdòro` alo ag dts prdhery spenos (ecalm wdtf tfo gehdcy

uldt) wforo `dsnrdhdletdal ds coerlo`.

Hunf fes jool wrdttol ejaut rendsh dl Roru el` tforo ero `dvorso quostdalledros tfetsfaw faw tfo Roruvdel ds nalsndaus ag rendsh, ecjodt àos lat tol` ta nalgoss ta

jodlm e vdntdh ag sunf.5Pfo seho tfdlm feppols wdtf aur stuòlts et aur gdrst naltent

el` gdrst `dsnussdals. Gurtforharo, rendsh àos lat fevo ta jo leho` dl sunf e wey.

Paèy jays el` mdrcs greho emmrossdals el` tolsdals eraul` juccydlm. Pforo ero hely

ronolt dlvostdmetdals tfet sfaw wdtf ncerdty tfo wey tfet èdcy, nahhal, el` echast

systohetdn garhs ag rendsh dltorvolo dl poapcos èdcy cdgo sunf es ennoss ta

ohpcayholt (Iamel, :25>). Dl tfo neso ag aur stuòlts el` toenfors, tfds ds latfdlm

aut ag tfo ar`dlery.

Ettoltdal fes jool mdvol, wdtf hunf roesal, ta tfo cdli jotwool otfldndty, reno el`

oqudty dl aròr ta nferentordzo `dsnrdhdletdal dl Roru el` tfo oltdro romdal. Ravorty

el` tfo hermdlecdzetdal ag Egra-Ehordnel el` Dl`dmolaus poapcos nellat jo

ulòrstaa` jy ely atfor hoels tfel tfo nalkulntdal ag sanda-nucturec el` onalahdn

gentars stralmcy tdo` ta tfo fdstary el` garhs tfet tfoso poapco el` dl`dvdùecs fevo

jool dlnarpareto` dl tfo rost ag tfo naultry (ND@F, :225). _làujto`cy, tfds ds e

gulèholtec nahpalolt gar ulòrstel`dlm tfo wey dl wfdnf nfdc`rol troet alo

elatfor. @ospdto fevdlm nfasol e sandeccy el` onalahdneccy fahamolaus snfaac -

wforo echast ecc stuòlts naho grah poeselt, Uuonfue-spoeidlm gehdcdos - tfo otfldn

el` nucturec heriors rohedl tfodr prdhery hatdvo gar ostejcdsfdlm rendst rocetdalsfdps.

Pfo snfaac ds e pceno ag emmrossdal ruco` jy el epperolt eutfardty jut tfet dl tfo

jenimraul` yau nel gdl` alo groquoltcy dhpaso` es sahotfdlm ncasor ta elahdo.

/Pfo letdalec quostdalledro ejaut `dsnrdhdletdal sfaws tfet et coest fecg ag tfo letdalec papucetdal nalsdòrs aur

sandoty ta jo rendst (ûchalt, :22?).


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Poenfors el` eutfardty gdmuros agtol dlfdjdt tfohsocvos grah tfodr gulntdal es

muereltars ag rdmfts. Dl saho nesos, tfoy lat alcy dlfdjdt tfohsocvos jut ent es entdvo

ocoholts gar tfo ropraùntdal ag rendsh ar vdacolno. Poenfors ero hastcy ejco ta pdni

al tfo hast vuclorejco stuòlts ùo ta tfodr cetoloss neuso` jy cdvdlm ger ewey,fymdolo, dleppraprdeto ncatfdlm, el` tfodr dlnahpotolt ejdcdty ta roe` ^peldsf.

Pfds coe`s us ta tfdli ag tfo woeiloss ag tfo snfaac es e speno gar ndtdzolsfdp. Dt ds el

dlstdtutdal tfet ds taa pronerdaus, wforo tforo ds jerocy saho dlstruntdal dl ncess el`

wforo tfo nalnopt ag ndtdzolsfdp ds hdsulòrstaa` ar troeto` es ndvdn hdcdtery. Pfo

letdalecdst ds sool es e prajcoh ar e juròl; stuòlts law ilaw tfodr rdmfts el` cdhdt

tfo toenfor grah naltraccdlm tfo dlstdtutdal, wforo groquolt nahpcedlts ero tfet tfoy

law fevo taa hely rdmfts (ôo Emora el` atfors, :25>).

Et e henra-covoc, wo hust rohohjor tfet tfds rocetdalsfdp wdtf tfo ^teto ds ossoltdec

el` tfet tfo snfaac ds dhpartelt joneuso tforo ds la atfor ennossdjco roprosoltetdal ag

tfo ^teto gar Nusquoa stuòlts. Dt ds wartf latdlm tfet ronolt stu`dos fdmfcdmft tfo

entdvo raco ag tfo ^teto dl tfo nalstruntdal ag rendecdzo` rocetdalsfdps, lat kust gar

ahdssdal, jut gar tfo nalstruntdal ag e haro ar coss nalsndaus letdalec haòc wforo

pramross dhpcdo` coevdlm tfaso wfa woro lat wostorlors, ar et coest dl nucturec torhs,

autsdò ag tfo nahhuldty (@rdlat, :25:).

Pforo ds hunf eneòhdn `dsnussdal dl torhs ag tfo rendst nferentor ag Roruvdels, es

ulòrfelò` el` sdhucteloauscy furtguc9 es dlvdsdjco el` pedlguc ta tfaso wfa suggor

ag tfo la aloloss.:Pforo ero saho wfa ohpfesdzo dts porhelolno tfraumfaut

nolturdos, el` es sunf, dts nacaldec fordtemo (Gcaros Mecdlà, 54669 Helrdquo, 5444).

Atfors fdmfcdmft tfo haòrl tredts ag rendsh, dts jal`dlm wdtf tfo sndoltdgdn el`

2Porh nadlo` jy Nercas Dvl @omromard, - _lòrstaa` es `dsèdl grah tfo tap ta tfo jattah.


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jdacamdnec dhparto` grah Ourapo, wfol tfo nacaldec steto aròr mevo dl el` tfet, es e

rosuct, ds stralmcy ropujcdnel (Rartanerrora, 544>9 Neccdrmas, 544>). Gar tfo purpaso ag

aur stu`y, Nondcde Hlòz (5447) stu`y ds vory dhpartelt joneuso dt sfaws tfo

romdalec `ylehdns, nfelmos dl `dsnaurso ehalm tfo ocdto ag tfo tdho, el` ennoltuetostfo ajkontdgdnetdal ag tfo Dlne pest. ^fo `dsnussos e pest tfet wes strdppo` ewey grah

dts fodrs syhjacdneccy jocdttco` el` rosuho` dl tfo pfreso grah for wocc-ilawl

ossey; Dlnes, yos. Dl`dels, la. â, wfy ero wo dltorosto` dl tfoso typos ag stu`dos1

Joneuso tfoy focp us ta greho aur neso stu`y, jy nahperdlm cdgo dl tfo snfaac dl

_rujehje dl rocetdal ta wfet ds jodlm ajsorvo` et e letdalec covoc. Dt ecsa eccaws us ta

oxehdlo tfo cdhdts ag aur warrdos mdvol tfet entdlm dl e rendst hellor ds lat sahotfdlm

tfet nel jo roùno` ta e horo retdalec ar dlstruholtec entdal sunf es D uso rendsh

joneuso dt ds nalvoldolt ar e maa` nfadno. Cdiowdso, wo nellat dmlaro tfds dl`dvdùec

el` rocetdvo rocetdal, wfdnf ds agtol cast dl molorec eppraxdhetdals wforo fdstary

eppoers ta oxpcedl gar dtsocg ovorytfdlm el` seydlm tfet dts e pranoss suggdnos es e

kustdgdnetdal.

Nondcde Hlòz ossey ds ag pertdnucer dhpartelno ta us sdlno pert ag aur dltorvdows

el` quostdalledros òect wdtf tfo òect wdtf tfo rocetdalsfdp tfet stuòlts ostejcdsfo`

ar lat wdtf tfo Dlne pest, el` wfotfor tfds jraumft nalsoquolnos ta faw tfoy

dòltdgdo` tfohsocvos taèy ar wdtf tfodr rocetdalsfdp wdtf atfor poors. Avorecc wo sew

tfet tfdlms ero vory hdxo`. Pforo ds e prdò gar tfo Dlnel, nucturec el` petrdhaldec es

stuòlts ronamldzo tfohsocvos ta saho òmroo ta jo Dlnel fodrs, ecjodt tfodr cdlemo

eppoers ta jo gremholto`. Pforo ero mroet coeps jotwool òneòs ar ovol nolturdos

jotwool tfo Dlnel ta tfoh el` ta Henfu Rdnnfu. Et tfo seho tdho, dt ds dltorostdlm ta

lato tfet tfodr ettohpt ta rosnuo tfodr Dlnel fordtemo àos lat eccaw tfoh ta oesdcy

rosacvo tfo tapdn ag tfodr dòltdty dl torhs ag prdò el` prostdmo. Pfo petfs ero lat es


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oesy es tfoy sooh el` tfodr socg-ronamldtdal es dl`dmolaus ds prajcohetdn ar òldo`.>Dt

ds hunf haro nahhal ta dòltdgy es e hostdza, ovol tfaumf, es wo wdcc soo, ds ecsa e

nahpcox petf.0

Pfo Nahhdssdal gar Prutf el` Zonalndcdetdal (:22>) òhalstreto` tfo òvestetdlm

dhpent ag rendsh el` `dsnrdhdletdal dl aur sandoty, es sool wdtf tfo oggont dt fe`

ùrdlm tfo porda` ag dltorlec erho` nalgcdnt (5462s el` 5442s). Pfo NPZ sfawo` tfet,

et coest, 62 pornolt ag tfo nesuectdos woro poapco wfa fe` Uuonfue es tfodr hatfor

talmuo.?Pfds, pedro` wdtf tfo dlseldty dl wfdnf hely ag tfoso òetfs woro porgarho`,

sfaw e sandec aròr tfet àos lat ronamldzo ndtdzol oqudty el` e ^teto tfet ropraùnos

dlkustdnos.

Zosoernf dl Nusna (Renfona, :25:) sfaws tfo `dggorolnos jotwool `dsnrdhdletdal dl

urjel el` rurec eroes. Dl Nusna, el` dl `dggorolno grah Cdhe, tforo ero saho latejco

ejsolnos sunf es la `dsnrdhdletdal gar jodlm sorrela (fdmfcelòr) es ds nahhal dl tfo

nepdtec, wforo tforo ds e `dsromer` tawer`s pravdlnos dòltdgdo` es lal-haòrl. Dl

Nusna e pravdlno latardauscy sorrele tfds nellat ajvdauscy annur, yot saho

nrassrae`s stdcc erdso. Gar oxehpco, tfo hekardty ag dts dlfejdtelts ero ag Elòel ardmdl,

yot òrametary troetholt ehalm tfoh annur9 haro tfel fecg ag tfo papucetdal ilaws

Uuonfue, yot dts uso ar tfo ògdndolt uso ag ^peldsf moloretos rokontdal. Pfo hatdvos

gar romdalec prdò ero Dlnel ar Rro-Nacahjdel yot tfo papucetdal wdtf tfoso Elòel

5Pfo `dggdnucty gar ulòrstel`dlm tfo hemldtuò ag tfo prdhery otfldn letdalec mraup (ag Elòel ardmdl) ds nurroltcyronamldzo`. Dl tfds solso, tforo ds la nalsolsus avor tfo sdzo ag tfo dl`dmolaus papucetdal dl Roru, gar wfdnf dg dt dsòpolòlt al socg-dòltdgdnetdal nauc` jo oqudvecolt ta alo tfdr` ag tfo naultrys papucetdal. Hunf ag tfoso rosuctsòpol` al tfo hotfaàcamy, quostdals el` saurnos uso`. E maa` avorvdow nel jo gaul` dl Cahl :250.

0E ronolt stu`y sfaws wfet fes ecroe`y jool fdmfcdmfto` jy atfor hoels, wfdnf ds tfet el dhholso hekardty agRoruvdels nalsdòrs tfohsocvos hostdzas(Nerrdl y [reto, :252).

?Dl tfds romer`, Cu`wdm Fujor, fdmfcdmfto` tfet ovol tfaumf tfo NPZ sfawo` tfet tfo hekardty ag tfo vdntdhs woroUuonfue-spoeiors, wo hust lat `dsromer` tfet hely ag tfo porpotretars hust fevo ecsa jool sa tfohsocvos.


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tredts ds tfo alo òspdso`9 tfo hekardty ag tfo cest lehos ero Uuonfues, jut gehdcys

pest àos lat e`` prostdmo, otn.

Dl el dldtdec dlvostdmetdal roecdzo` dl :25:, Loxas Waculterdas òtedco` tfo ajstencostfet `dsnrdhdletdal nel moloreto dl tfo ennoss ag pujcdn sorvdnos dl _rujehje, el

dhpartelt el` loerjy ndty ta tfo romdalec nepdtec.

Es sunf, tforo ds stralm prosolno al tfo tapdn, lat alcy ag rendsh, jut dl tfo

dltorsontdalecdtdos ag `dsnrdhdletdal, wfdnf nel jo ardolto` dl verdaus garhs el` wfdnf

dlveòs jatf prdveto el` pujcdn spforos (Jruno, :255). Es wo fevo sool dl tfoso

waris el` dl atfors roecdzo` dl tfo naultry, `dsnrdhdletdal dl Roru àos lat annur

tawer`s e hdlardty jut dlstoe` dlvacvos prentdneccy ecc sandec sujkonts. Dt ecweys gdl`s e

garh ag oxprossdal jeso` al fdorernfdnec `dggorolnos (eppoecdlm ta reno, nucturo, stetus,

purnfesdlm pawor, oùnetdal, wforo yau cdvo, wfet kaj yau fevo, el` e vory calm

otnotore).

]o jomdl jy esidlm aursocvos ejaut tfo loo` ta rosart ta tfds woepal gar

`dsnrdhdletdal. ]o summost, es e garh ag rogcontdal, tfet tfo loo` ta ògol` alosocg dl

uloquec, emmrossdvo sandec oxnfelmos ds wfet hatdvetos tfo ronaurso ta alo ar verdaus

garhs ag `dsnrdhdletdal. Dl atfor war`s, dt ds e taac ta roùno alos awl vuclorejdcdty.

Dl tfds romer`, dt fes e pasdtdvo espont joneuso dt eccaws tfo sujkont ta survdvo el`

ògol` tfohsocvos dl el emmrossdvo olvdralholt. Fawovor, tfds ds àlo et tfo nast ag

ropraùndlm ar olfelndlm ocoholts tfet dl turl heio tfo surraul`dlms haro

nalgcdntdvo, el` ag canetdlm alosocg dlsdò e ndrnco wforo tfoy ero òvecuo`.

^nfaacs ero spenos wforo tfoso rocetdalsfdps ero ropraùno` òspdto oggarts ta òvocap

e haro dlncusdvo oùnetdal. Gurtforharo, snfaacs ero ecsa dlstdtutdals wforo tforo ero


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stdcc porsdstdlm vortdnec el` eutfardtetdvo toenfdlm prentdnos el` rocetdals (Ehos, :222).

@dsnrdhdletdal annurs dl urjel el` rurec snfaacs9 dl prdveto el` pujcdn9 prdveto wdtf

haro ar coss haloy9 el` dlsd`o tfo snfaacs tfohsocvos. Dt ds lat alcy e nfedl ag

`dsnrdhdletdal jut retfor e ronroetdal dl oenf speno wforo rocetdalsfdps ero`dggoroltdeto` fdorernfdneccy.

]o tfdli tfet tfds ds el oxpordolno tfet ds proheturocy cdvo` jy jays el` mdrcs. Pfoy

coerl ta `dsnrdhdleto et tfo seho tdho tfet tfoy coerl ta nahpoto el` nafejdteto. Pfds

typo ag dlgarhec coerldlm ds prosolt dl porsalec rocetdalsfdps, dltorentdals wdtf poors

el` toenfors, el` dl snfaac rautdlos; kaios, dlsucts, ldnilehos, fymdolo el` ovol tfo

wey tfoy uso tfo jetfraah.

Faw `a jays el` mdrcs oxpordolno tfoso rocetdalsfdps, prentdnos el` toenfdlms ag

`dggorolnos dl e rurec snfaac dl Nusna1 Dt ds romer`dlm tfds hettor tfet wo wauc` cdio ta

oxpel` dl tfds neso stu`y.


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:. ^P_@OLP^ EL@ POENFOZ^

PECI EJA_P @D^NZDHDLEPDAL

Aur maec wes ta dlqudro ejaut tfo pornoptdals el` vecuos gar toenfors el` stuòlts dl

torhs ag `dsnrdhdletdal. ]o woro dltorosto` dl coerldlm tfodr oxpordolnos el`

apdldals, es wo eppraenfo` tfodr èdcy snfaac rautdlos, el` coerlo` haro ejaut

tfohos sunf es; ncessos, fymdolo, `ross, ncessraah el` pceymraul` dltorentdals9 el`

dltorentdals jotwool toenfors el` stuòlts. ]o roecdzo` odmft dltorvdows ta stuòlts

el` gdvo ta toenfors (dlncu`dlm tfo snfaacs psynfacamdst). Dl tfo gaccawdlm sontdal wo

wocc òsnrdjo oenf ag aur nalvorsetdals el` wo wdcc nalncuò wdtf saho molorec

nahholts.

:.5 Dltorvdows wdtf stuòlts

Es wes provdauscy holtdalo`, tfo sujkonts ag aur dltorvdows woro grah _rujehje

el` e gow fdmf Elòel nahhuldtdos, wdtf e jecelno jotwool hol el` wahol.

^tuòlts, toenfors el` perolts woro esio` ejaut `dsnrdhdletdal dl tfo snfaac systoh,

Uuonfue tfo dl`dmolaus celmuemo, el` tfodr oxpordolnos el` apdldals ejaut

`dsnrdhdletdal.

Gar roesals ag nalgdòltdecdty, stuòlts dltorvdowo` woro essdmlo` e cottor grah E taF.


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^tuòlt E

Heco cdvos tfroo idcahotors ewey grah snfaac.

Fo dltorprots `dsnrdhdletdals es tfo onalahdn `dggorolnos jotwool poapco el`

dòltdgdo` wdtf ecc Roruvdels, lat es pert ag e spondgdn otfldndty.

âho ag fds apdldals rogconto` storoatypos. Gar oxehpco, dl torhs ag fds progorolno ag

goheco eppoerelno, fo eggdrho` tfet wahol wdtf cdmftor sidl woro hast ettrentdvo. Fo

ecsa eggdrho` tfet fo spaio Uuonfue el` tfet fo wauc` toenf tfo celmuemo ta fds

nfdc`rol, òspdto tfo rdsi tfet tfoy hey jo `dsnrdhdleto` emedlst.

Gdleccy, wfol wo esio` fdh wfet war`s ar torhs jatforo` fdh tfo hast, fo eggdrho`

tfet ectfaumf nfaca ds ennoptejco dl saho nesos, fo wauc` jo aggolò` dg fds perolts ar

sahoalo dl e pasdtdal ag eutfardty uso` dt ta òsnrdjo fdh.

Dl molorec, tfo stuòlt eppoero` ta ronamldzo tfo prosolno ag onalahdn

`dsnrdhdletdal jut lat tfo sandec ar strunturec neusos tfet coe` ta `dsnrdhdletdal. Gar

oxehpco, fo nauc` lat dòltdgy tfo rocetdalsfdp jotwool onalahdn stetus el` otfldndty

ar pceno ag ardmdl.

Lovortfocoss, wo latdno` tfet fo, cdio ecc tfo rost, fe` e ronurrolt nalsndolno tfet tforo

ero ajkontdvo ocoholts et snfaac tfet moloreto `dsnrdhdletdal; tfo wfdtor, tfo haro

urjel, el` tfo alos tfet spoei tfo celmuemo jottor ar warso. Et tfo seho tdho tforo ds

e vecardzetdal gar Uuonfue. Pfds stuòlt ds ewero tfet fo nel jo el ajkont ag

`dsnrdhdletdal jut ncedhs ta jo wdccdlm ta nalgralt dt.


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^tuòlt J

Goheco grah Renfer, e nahhuldty gaul` eppraxdhetocy >2 hdlutos jy ner grah

àwltawl _rujehje.

^fo ds nalsndaus ag onalahdn `dsnrdhdletdal, dl`dnetdlm tfet sfo wauc` jo aggolò` dg

tfds annurro` ta ely ag for gehdcy hohjors. ^fo tfdlis tfet tfaso wfa trevoc ta atfor

ndtdos, cdio Cdhe, fevo ta nalgralt `dsnrdhdletdal.

^fo oxprosso` mroet `dsnahgart wdtf tfo dòe ag tfo dltorvdow jodlm ronarò` ar tfet

latos woro jodlm teiol, jut ovoltueccy ennopto`.

^tuòlt J ronamldzo` tfo stralm nallontdal jotwool `dsnrdhdletdal neuso` jy

onalahdn el` sandec gentars. ]fol esio` ejaut tfo ardmdls ag ejuso et snfaac, sfo

oxpcedlo` tfet tfo `dggorolno jotwool onalahdn stetus us alo ag tfo hedl neusos el`

tfet tfaso tfet `dsnrdhdleto naho grah e supordar onalahdn stetus. ^fo oxprosso` tfet

tfo hekardty ag stuòlts kaio ejaut nacaur ag sidl el` tfet tfo wey stuòlts kaio

roceto` ta e fdorernfy ag sidl nacaur, wforo jodlm necco` jceni ds e garh ag dlsuct.

Gdleccy, wfol esio` ejaut wfet tfdlms sfo wauc` nfelmo dl forsocg el` faw sfo

wauc` roenf emedlst rendsh, dt wes ovdòlt tfet sfo wauc` lat ògol` forsocg joneuso

sfo wauc` progor ta fdò for gehdcy jenimraul` tfel fevdlm ta tocc tfo rost ag tfo

snfaac.

Emedl, tfds stuòlt ronamldzos tfo èdcy ocoholts ag snfaac cdgo tfet moloreto groquolt

`dsnrdhdletdal el` ronamldzos fevdlm suggoro` tfoh. ^fo wes dl`dmlelt emedlst

onalahdn `dggorolnos (wfdnf ta aur oyos eppoer dlsdmldgdnelt nalsdòrdlm tfet tfds ds e


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snfaac wdtf mroet pavorty) jut sfo ds ulejco ta pasdtdal forsocg stralmcy el`

dlòpolòltcy dl rocetdal ta for elnostrec dòltdty el` tredts.

^tuòlt N

Goheco grah Henfu Rdnnfu, e nahhuldty tfet jocalms ta tfo Dlne Predc.

Hely ag for elswors naltresto` tfaso ag provdaus dltorvdows. Gar oxehpco, sfo

ganuso` `dsnrdhdletdal hastcy jeso` al pceno ag ardmdl tfel al onalahdn stetus.

Pfds stuòlt fdmfcdmfto` tfet tfaso tfet naho grah rurec nahhuldtdos ero tfaso tfet

ronodvo ejusos haro groquoltcy. Dl gent, sfo jocdovos tfet dg sfo woro ta trevoc ta Cdhe

sfo wauc` jo `dsnrdhdleto` emedlst sdlno sfo nahos grah e rurec nahhuldty.

El dltorostdlm espont ag for dltorvdow wes e nahholt sfo heò ejaut àhostdn

vdacolno wdtfaut fevdlm ovol jool esio` ejaut dt. ^fo holtdalo` tfo dhpent tfet

àhostdn vdacolno nel fevo al saho nfdc`rol.

For ohpfesds al tfo dhpartelno ag prosorvdlm Uuonfue wes elatfor tfdlm tfet sfo

strosso`, ronamldzdlm tfet dt ds e gulèholtec pert ag for nucturo. ^fo ecsa

enilawco`mo` tfet tforo ds stdmhe el` ohjerressholt wfol spaiol ùo ta

`dsnrdhdletary prentdnos, el` tfet tfoso ero tfo roesals gar dts `dseppoerelno.

Gurtforharo, sfo lato` tfet dts ceni ag utdcdty dl pragossdals ds elatfor patoltdec neuso

gar tfo `dseppoerelno ag tfo celmuemo.


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^fo holtdalo` tfet tfo sdtuetdal ds dhpravdlm wdtf tdho el` tonflacamy, ovol tfau

tfds ds lat el dl`dnetar ag dhpravoholt dl romer`s ta `dsnrdhdletdal, sacocy al

onalahdn stetus el` tfo `dggusdal ag tonflacamy el` `dseppoerelno ag nucturo.

Cestcy, sfo òsnrdjo` e nalgcdntdlm sdtuetdal sfo ds fevdlm wdtf e toenfor et snfaac wfa

tecis jofdl` for jeni el` àos lat mdvo for looò` eneòhdn suppart. Lovortfocoss,

stuòlt N nauc` lat heio ely typo ag nahpcedlt ùo ta ceni ag ropartdlm honfeldsh

el` gar goer ag lat pessdlm snfaac.

^tuòlt @

Heco grah tfo nahhuldty ag Nfdnl.

Pfds stuòlt wes haro gehdcderdzo` wdtf atfor `dsnrdhdletary strunturos. Fo

fdmfcdmfto` tfet onalahdn `dsnrdhdletdal ds e rosuct ag `dggorolnos dl ardmdl, reno,

otfldndty, rocdmdal, soxuec ardoltetdal ar sidl nacaur.

Fo vecuos fds nucturo mroetcy. Fo goocs prau` ag tfo war` nfacawfdco atfor stuòlts

gdl` tfet tfds torh ds alcy ennoptejco dl spondgdn naltoxts.

Dl tfds dltorvdow, wo ajsorvo` tfet stuòlt @ wauc` lat nfelmo elytfdlm ejaut

fdhsocg ta jo ennopto` dl sandoty. Fo goocs vory nahgartejco wdtf fds eppoerelno el`

àos lat gooc esfeho` ejaut nortedl esponts ag fds cdgo. Lovortfocoss, fo oxprosso`

syhpetfy wfol enilawco`mdlm tfet atfors à gooc esfeho` ag tfohsocvos.


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Fo sfawo` mroet dltorost dl `dssohdletdlm Uuonfue el` welts ta teio e haro entdvo

raco dl prosorvdlm fds nucturo. Pfds nauc` jo es e rosuct ag fds guturo maecs ag jonahdlm

e prdost el` teidlm haro rospalsdjdcdtdos dl tfo nahhuldty.

^tuòlt O

Goheco grah Ufatafudlnfa.

^fo ronamldzo` tfet `dsnrdhdletdal ds jeso` al reno. ^fo òldo` tfo dòe tfet

`dsnrdhdletdal nauc` ardmdleto grah onalahdn stetus. Pfds coe`s us ta jocdovo tfet

jays tol` ta ganus haro al onalahdn nal`dtdals tfel mdrcs. Dt wes ecsa dltorostdlm ta

soo faw sfo cdlio` `dsnrdhdletdal wdtf dltoccdmolno ar nferentor.

^fo ulòrstaa` tfo dhpartelno ag moloretdalec nallontdals ag nucturo es sfo

holtdalo` tfo dhpartelno ag faw Uuonfue wes pesso` al tfraumf moloretdals.

^tuòlt O wes tfo alcy alo tfet holtdalo` faw dg sahoalo dlsucto` sahoalo ocso

wdtf tfo war` nfaca tfet tfoy wauc` jo dlsuctdlm tfohsocvos, sdlno ecc ag tfoh woro

nfacas et saho padlt dl Roruvdel sandoty. _lcdio stuòlt @, tfds stuòlt welto` ta

nfelmo forsocg ta jo ennopto` sandeccy.

^fo ronamldzo` tfet sfo nauc` uso tfo torh nfaca ovol dg sfo `d` lat cdio dt joneuso dl

saho snolerdas dt ds lonossery.

Dt wes ovdòlt ùrdlm tfo dltorvdow tfet sfo `d` lat jocdovo `dsnrdhdletdal ta jo e

hekar prajcoh dl sandoty. Dl molorec, sfo sfawo` nortedl òmroo ag ulòrstel`dlm el`

fapos tfet tfo olvdralholt et snfaac dhpravos sa tfet stuòlts hey gooc segor.


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^tuòlt G

Heco grah tfo Nfenwey eroe, wforo fo cdvos el` waris et e gerh, hastcy al

wooiol`s.

Fo tfdlis tfet tforo ero poapco tfet gooc esfeho` ag spoeidlm Uuonfue joneuso tfoy

naho grah tfo Elòs el` progor ta spoei e haòrl celmuemo el` protol` ta jo

grah tfo ndty. Fawovor, òspdto ilawdlm tfet tforo ds e òmre`dlm apdldal tawer`s

Uuonfue, fo stetos tfet fo wauc` toenf fds id`s ta spoei dt joneuso dt ds ldno el` swoot

cdio paotry el` joneuso dt garhs pert ag fds nucturo, alo ag wfdnf fo eggdrhs ta jo

prau` ag.

Fo essorts tfet id`s protol` taa hunf el` tfet fds grdol`s geio lat spoeidlm

Uuonfue ovol tfaumf 62 ar =2 pornolt ag tfoh à. Fo tfdlis tfet tfaso tfet

hatdveto poapco ta gooc esfeho` ag spoeidlm Uuonfue ero tfaso tfet naho grah atfor

pcenos el` tfet spoei ^peldsf wocc.

Ovol tfaumf fo tfdlis tfet coevdlm tfo ndty wforo fo cdvos ta jo `dggdnuct, fo wauc`

cdio ta ettol` e snfaac dl Cdhe (ovol dg tfoy dlsuct fdh) joneuso fo tfdlis tfet fo

wauc` coerl low tfdlms el` wauc` fevo jottor tredlo` toenfors.

Fo tfdlis tfet e snolerda dl wfdnf emmrossdal nauc` jo haro provecolt ehalm

stuòlts wauc` jo wfol tfoy hani oenf atfor, hastcy tawer`s stuòlts grah fdmf

Elòel nahhuldtdos. âho ag tfo ajkonts ag haniory dlncuò; tfo uso ag akates(e typo

ag selèc uso` jy dl`dmolaus poapco dl Roru el` atfor naultrdos), porsalec fymdolo

el` sannor. Zomer`dlm tfds cest dtoh, id`s heio gul joneuso tfoy jocdovo atfor id`s ta

jo ncuhsy joneuso tfoy pcey `dggoroltcy el` gecc wfol idnidlm tfo jecc. Dl tfds romer`,


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fo nfaasos lat ta pey ettoltdal jut fo padlts aut tfet echast ecc id`s à dt, dlncu`dlm

tfaso wfa dl atfor annesdals ero ecsa tfo sujkonts ag haniory.

^tuòlt G tfdlis tfet toenfors ero ulgedr, tfet tfoy heio up mreò el` tfet tfoy eroautèto` dl tfodr ilawco`mo. Fo ecsa tfdlis tfet tfoy `dsnrdhdleto. ]fol sahoalo

àos lat à tfodr fahowari, tfoy sey; yau sfauc`lt naho elyharo, stey Yet fahoX

wecidlm sfoop el` pdms. Fo holtdalo` tfet toenfors ganus taa hunf al pfysdnec

eppoerelno el` tfet tfoy `dsnrdhdleto id`s gar tfodr ncoelcdloss, dl hely nesos toccdlm

tfoh yau prajejcy naho grah pule (tfo haultedls).

^tuòlt G padlto` aut tfet tfo psynfacamdst nfonis tfodr fedrnut el` tfo wey tfoy ero

`rosso` jut tfet odtfor wey tfoy nel oltor tfraumf tfo jeni àar, wforo atfor

stuòlts woerdlm akatesnaho dl (tfds ds sahotfdlm tfet aur ajsorvetdal `d` lat retdgy).

^dlno tforo ero sa hely haniordos dl tfo olvdralholt, fo ronahhol`s wecidlm dl

mraups. Fo fes lat ajsorvo` toesdlm et tfo idasi, kust tfet tfo hekardty juy sahotfdlm

ar dlvdto tfaso tfet à lat.

Pa fdh, tfo jdmmost ohjerressholt ds lat ta ettol` dleppraprdetocy `rosso`, jut retfor

ta jo ldnileho`. ^dhdcercy, fo steto` tfet fo progors ta wari ta juy fds ncatfos el`

evad` tfet sdtuetdal. Fo nalsdòrs tfet fevdlm e maa` prosolno ds fevdlm el

oùneto` celmuemo, maa` ncatfdlm el` nahdlm grah tfo ndty.

Pfds stuòlt focpo` us ta fevo e vory òtedco` netecamuo ag tfo verdaus snolerdas ag

`dsnrdhdletdal ehalm stuòlts, grah toenfors ta stuòlts, es wocc es saho ògolso

stretomdos. Fo ecsa fdmfcdmfto` tfet echast ecc ag tfoh nel sey Dl`del ar nfaca, ar ta

ldnileho oenf atfor joneuso dt ds e wey ta ògol` tfohsocvos.


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^tuòlt M

Heco grah Heres, e :? hdluto `rdvo ta snfaac al pujcdn trelsdt. Cdio tfo hekardty agtfaso dltorvdowo`, fo waris et tfo gerh ovory èy, jut haro groquoltcy al tfo

wooiol`s.

Fo jocdovos tfet tfo hekardty ag fds poors spoei Uuonfue el` ovol tfaumf fo spoeis

dt, fo àos lat wrdto dt vory wocc. Fo tfdlis tfet alo ag tfo neusos gar goocdlm esfeho`

ag spoeidlm Uuonfue ds joneuso tfoy mot tac` yau ero el Dl`del. Rerolts toenf tfodr

nfdc`rol Uuonfue jut progor tfet tfodr id`s spoei ^peldsf joneuso tfoy nel gdl` jottor

ohpcayholt.

@ospdto tfds, fo stetos tfet fo wauc` toenf fds nfdc`rol ta spoei jatf celmuemos

(Uuonfue el` ^peldsf). ^peldsf ta ògol` tfohsocvos autsdò el` Uuonfue ta spoei

wdtf tfodr gehdcy.

Fo wauc` ecsa cdio ta ettol` e snfaac dl Cdhe joneuso fo goocs tfet oùnetdal tforo ds

haro e`velno`. Fo jocdovos tfet dg tfds woro ta feppol, tfet et tfo jomdlldlm fo

wauc` jo heò gul ag ar jo put esdò el` tac yau àlt ilaw elytfdlm, gar wfdnf

fo wauc` gooc socg-nalsndaus.

Fo tfdlis tfet tforo ds `dsnrdhdletdal ehalm stuòlts el` tfet tfds ds joneuso mraups

sopereto. Pfaso tfet ma ta eneòhde heio tfodr awl cdttco mraup el` oxncuò tfo rost.

Pforogaro, tfds spondgdneccy nadlndòs wdtf tfo rocetdal ta `dsnrdhdletdal jeso` al

onalahdn stetus.


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Atfor hatdvos gar `dsnrdhdletdal ero jeso` al tfo wey tfoy spoei, oxpross tfohsocvos

el` dl prosoltetdals. Dg wo heio e hdsteio dl saho ag tfo war`s tfol tfo toesdlm

jomdls, joneuso saho àlt spoei ^peldsf praporcy.

Fo ecsa ronamldzos haniory jeso` al sidl nacaur. Pfaso tfet ero ag èrior sidl ero

tac` yau ero jceni. Elatfor hatdvo ag rd`dnuco ds tfo uso ag tfo snfaac uldgarh

joneuso odtfor tfoy à lat fevo dt al tdho ar joneuso tfoy à lat woer dt praporcy.

Fo jocdovos tfet tforo ero haro poeselts tfel wfdtos et tfo snfaac. Fo àos lat cdio

tfo uso ag tfo war` nfaca joneuso dt ds e garh ag `dsnrdhdletdal wforo tfoy try ta

cawor alos socg-ostooh. Nalvorsocy, Dl`del àos lat jatfor fdh joneuso aur

elnostars woro Dl`dels. Fo ulòrstel`s tfet tfo uso ag tfo war` òpol`s al tfo

naltoxt el` tfet hely tdhos dt ds uso` dl gdmfts el` tfet ovol tfaumf dt àos lat

jatfor fdh, fo nel ecsa uso dt es el dlsuct joneuso fo ilaws tfet dt àos aggol` atfors.

Lovortfocoss, fo fes e vory dltorostdlm dltorprotetdal ag dòltdty. Fo seys tfet porfeps

fds perolts ero nfacas jut tfet fo nel avornaho tfet. Hy perolts nelt stap jodlm

nfacas joneuso tfoy ero ecweys et tfo gerh jut D nel stap jodlm nfacajy stu`ydlm dl

uldvorsdty ar dl sahotfdlm tonfldnec, sa yau dhpravo el` yau jonaho hostdzagrah tfo

ndty. Fo e``s tfet fds espdretdal ds ta jo cdio ovoryalo grah tfo ndty.

Pa fdh, wo hust jo vory ettoltdvo sa tfet la alo hanis fdh dl tfo ncessraah. Fo

goocs esfeho` joneuso fo ds sidlly el` joneuso fo nellat oxpross fdhsocg oesdcy dl

^peldsf. Elatfor tapdn ag rd`dnuco ds shocc, mdvol tfet hely ag tfoh à lat uso

òaàrelt wfol tfoy prentdno sparts el` tfodr ncesshetos teio e`veltemo ag tfds ta

heio gul ag tfoh.


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Pfds stuòlt wauc` lat nfelmo elytfdlm ejaut fds eppoerelno, fo goocs setdsgdo` wdtf

wfa fo ds. Fo nalsdòrs tfet nahpeldos sfauc` lat esi gar sahoalo wdtf maa`

prosolno joneuso tfds heios poapco gooc je`.

]fol fo coevos snfaac fo welts ta stu`y honfeldns el` hedltolelno et tfo ÔLEPD

dlstdtuto dl Nusna. Fo tfdlis tfet fo wdcc jo ejco ta gdl` maa` ohpcayholt joneuso

nahpeldos ero ecweys caaidlm gar maa` pragossdalecs. Dg fo woro ta stu`y dl Nusna fo

wauc` fevo tfo suppart ag fds jratfors. Fo tfdlis tfet Nusquoas fevo el e`veltemo

avor tfaso grah Cdhe dl tfoso typos ag neroors joneuso tfoy fevo haro prentdnec

ilawco`mo wfdco tfo Cdhoas ilaw tfoary jottor. Al tfo atfor fel`, Cdhoas fevo

tfo e`veltemo ag fevdlm haro haòrl tonflacamy.

]o welt ta fdmfcdmft tfet tfds stuòlt rodlgarnos twa dòes tfet wo fevo jool

òsnrdjdlm; geno` wdtf el emmrossdvo olvdralholt dt ds nalvoldolt ta odtfor jonaho

dlvdsdjco (jo cdio ovoryalo ocso) ar ta trelsgarh (jonaho hostdza) ar ògol` tfohsocvos

(troet atfors es nfacas).

^tuòlt F

Heco grah Nfdnl, eppraxdhetocy > idcahotors grah snfaac. Fo focps fds perolts jy

waridlm èdcy et tfo gerh. Fo mdvos fdhsocg tdho ta focp eraul` el` à fds

fahowari, ectfaumf fo enilawco`mos jodlm tdro` egtor waridlm dl tfo gdoc`, sunf es

wfol fo poocs narl.

Fo tfdlis tfet tforo ero hely id`s tfet à lat spoei Uuonfue el` tfet tfds ds e rosuct

ag e moloretdal tfet wolt ta Nusna el` tfet wfol tfoy neho jeni tfoy `d` lat spoei

dt praporcy. Fo spoeis Uuonfue jut lat es gcuoltcy.


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Pfds stuòlt jocdovos tfet tforo ds stralm `dsnrdhdletdal dl Cdhe ectfaumf fo àos

lat holtdal el oxpordolno wforo fo wes e vdntdh grah Cdhoas el` nalsdòrs tfet

onalahdn gentars ero tfo raat ta `dsnrdhdletdal es wocc es tfo òsdro ta dhpasotfohsocvos avor fdmfcelòrs. ^tuòlt F dl`dneto` tfet ovoryalo sfauc` jo troeto`

oqueccy.

@ospdto jodlm nalsndaus tfet dg fo spoeis Uuonfue fo hdmft jo caaio` àwl upal,

fo seys tfet odtfor wey fo wauc` toenf fds nfdc`rol tfo celmuemo dl aròr ta prosorvo

tfo nucturo ag fds elnostars; tfo Dlnes.

Fo nalsdòrs tfet tforo ds la `dggorolno jotwool Dl`del el` Dlne. Dldtdeccy, fo socg-

dòltdgdos es dl`dmolaus joneuso fo gaccaws hdccolldec tre`dtdals, sunf es tfo peyholt

ta tfo Renfehehe, jut tfol nfelmos fds hdl` el` olsuros tfet fo ds lat el Dl`del.

Fo seys tfet ta fdh dt wes e hdsteio tfet tfo ^pelder`s necco` tfo Dlnes tfet wey mdvol

tfet tfoy jocdovo` tfoy fe` errdvo` sahowforo ocso. Fo ecsa àos lat cdio tfo war`

Dl`del el` oxprossos tfet poapco sfauc` lat jo leho` dl rogorolno ta `dggorolnos dl

reno.


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:.: Dltorvdows wdtf toenfors

Gaur fdmf snfaac toenfors woro dltorvdowo` dl eroes roceto` ta Ndvdns, Ndtdzolsfdp,

Fdstary el` Moamrepfy. Pfo snfaac psynfacamdst wes ecsa dltorvdowo`.

Poenfor E

Poenfor E àos lat nalsdòr tfet tforo ds dsnrdhdletdal. ^fo oxprossos tfet tfoso

typos ag nesos ero lat latardaus, tfet stuòlts ldnileho oenf atfor jut latfdlm haro

sovoro tfel tfet. Dl for apdldal, toenfors rogredl tfohsocvos grah usdlm òrametary

torhs dl Uuonfue.

^fo tfdlis tfet stuòlts ero àndco joneuso tfoy naho grah tfo naultrysdò. ^fo ecsa

dl`dnetos tfet dl nahperdsal ta atfor snfaacs, tfo olvdralholt ds nech; Id`s ero lat

rojocs. Foro D gooc cdio tfoy nel jo naltracco`, tfoy ero àndco9 yau yocc tfoh el` tfoy

rohedl sdcolt.

^fo àos lat ronecc fevdlm foer` rendst dlsucts jut retfor dlsucts `dronto` tawer`s

eppoerelno sunf es getty el` tfet tfds feppols ovorywforo.

Pfds toenfor ilaws tfet tforo ds saho sandec socontdal ehalm tfo snfaac ùo ta sanda-

onalahdn nal`dtdals ag poapco. Es sunf, alcy tfo paarost errdvo et tfds snfaac. ^fo

holtdals tfet poapco try ta cawor tfo socg-ostooh ag id`s et tfds snfaac joneuso tfoy

ero grah tfo naultrysdò. ^fo ecsa seys tfet tforo ds e vdsdal et snfaacs wforo tfaso

snfaacs òoho` autstel`dlm ero gar tfaso poapco tfet ero jottor-agg. ^fo eggdrhs tfet

tforo ds e provdaus socontdal ag stuòlts el` wfets cogt errdvos foro. Pfds ds wfy


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wfol wo nahpcedl tfet tfoy nelt roe` ar e``, tfo _MOC toccs us tfet wo ecroe`y

ilow tfo typo ag stuòlts wo woro ronodvdlm (pranoo`dlm grah tfo naultrysdò).

^fo dl`dnetos tfet romer`dlm tfo onalahdn, tforo ero stuòlts tfet nel ma juy tfdlms ettfo idasi wfdco atfors stey jofdl` dl tfodr ncessos joneuso tfoy nellat juy sahotfdlm

el` gooc esfeho` ag jrdlmdlm taest ar hato.

Zomer`dlm fymdolo, tfds toenfor ncedhs tfet porsalec ncoelcdloss sfauc` jo tfo gdrst

tapdn ag `dsnussdal. ^fo fdmfcdmfts tfet tforo ero toenfors dl nfermo ag nfonidlm sfdrts

josdò tfo psynfacamdst el` essdstelt wfa mdvo fedrnuts ta stuòlts.

^fo tfdlis tfet pfysdnec puldsfholt wario` jogaro jy eppcydlm tfo êl Hertdl (e

typo ag wfdp) el` tfet stuòlts woro haro rospontguc el` rospalsdjco. ^fo latos tfet

tforo woro tfroo nahpcedlts paso` jy stuòlts tfet fe` jool ejuso` jy toenfors jut

tfet tfo prdlndpec stappo` tfo sdtuetdal. Pfo hotfa`s fevo nfelmo` sdlno tfol dl

aròr ta olsuro tfet la nahpcedlts errdvo et tfo _MOC.

^fo tfdlis tfet snfaacs toenf ta `dsnrdhdleto el` pornodvos tfet tfds sdtuetdal ds

stralmor dl tfaso snfaacs tfet fevo haro haloy.

^fo holtdals tfet yaulm mdrcs espdro ta herry wdtf e wfdto porsal ar e garodmlor, jut

tfet tfds tolòlny ds lat es provecolt et for snfaac.

Pfds toenfor eppoers warrdo` ejaut tfo cdvdlm sdtuetdal gar id`s grah ger ewey eroes

tfet cdvo tamotfor, ncaso ta tfo ndty jy tfohsocvos. Pfodr perolts cdvo ger ewey, dl

Henfu Rdnnfu gar oxehpco9 tfoy rolt raahs el` laja`y focps tfoh dl tfodr

fahowari, wfdnf ds wfy hely ag tfoh gedc.


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Dl tfo neso ag tfaso tfet ero grah Heres, tfoy spol` tfo wfaco èy trevocdlm el`

àlt fevo tdho ta stu`y. ^tuòlts warry ejaut tfodr oùnetdal joneuso tfodr perolts

fevo haro nfdc`rol el` nel la calmor focp tfoh. Pforogaro, id`s wari êturèys el`ûlèys dl tfo idcls, emrdnucturo ar ero gerh cejaurors dl aròr ta pey gar tfodr

raahs.

^fo ronahhol`s eppcydlm saho rdmar el` puldsfholt gar hedltedldlm aròr.

Poenfor J

Cdio toenfor E, tfds toenfor àos lat mdvo hunf dhpartelno ta `dsnrdhdletdal, gar fo

jocdovos tfet dt ds lat praùno` et snfaac. Fo ecsa àos lat ajsorvo `dvdsdal ehalm

stuòlts es e rosuct, jut tfet tfoy typdneccy garh mraups jeso` al molòr. Fo fes lat

pornodvo` el ejusdvo troetholt jut genotdaus dlstoe`. Fo ncedhs tfet fo nellat teci

ejaut wfet feppols autsdò ag snfaac ar et tfo ol` ag tfo snfaac èy joneuso fo cdvos

dl Nusna el` fes ta coevo dhho`detocy egtor fds ncess ds gdldsfo`.

Fo àos lat emroo wdtf tfo rosucts grah tfo Jertacah ò ces Neses Noltro tfet tecis

ejaut tfo tolòlny ag snfaacs ta toenf faw ta `dsnrdhdleto. Fo tfdlis tfet heyjo tfds

feppols dl prdveto snfaacs, jut eggdrhs tfet et fds snfaac tforo ds lat ovol juccydlm.

Fo ronahhol`s waridlm al vecuos. Gar oxehpco, stuòlts tfet à lat gdldsf tfodr

fahowari ecsa errdvo ceto. Cdiowdso, tfoy ero haro pralo ta `dsrospont oenf atfor

tfraumf emmrossdals ar jy nacaurdlm al atfor stuòlts latojaais, lat redsdlm tfodr

fel` ta spoei, sfuttdlm atfor stuòlts wfol tfoy spoei el` sahotdhos ovol

`dsrospontdlm toenfors.


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Poenfor J oxprossos e nahhal warry ehalm ecc toenfors. Mavorlholts ero ronoltcy

mdvdlm rdmfts ta nfdc`rol, gar oxehpco, tforo ero snfaac prasonutars el` @OH_LE7,

wfdnf fevo coe` ta tfo ònroeso` eutfardty ag toenfors sdlno haro ds sed` ejaut rdmftstfel ùtdos. Dt ds gar tfoso roesals tfet toenfors nellat redso tfodr vadnos tawer`s

stuòlts gar goer tfet tfoy hey jo òlaulno`.

Pfds toenfor eggdrhs tfet ta `dsndpcdlo stuòlts, toenfors hust jecelno rdmar wdtf cavo.

Fo ronahhol`s jomdlldlm wdtf cavo el` dg tfo stuòlt àos lat cdstol, tfol tfet ds

wfol yau redso yaur vadno. Haroavor, fo werls tfet dg tfo stuòlt porsdst tfodr

hdsnalùnt, tfol fo neccs tfoh gar e nfet el` rogcontdal dl aròr gar tfoh ta nfelmo

tfodr jofevdaur.

Poenfor N

Dl naltrest ta for naccoemuos, sfo tfdlis tfet `dsnrdhdletdal àos annur ehalm

stuòlts. ^dlno hast ag tfoh ero Uuonfue-spoeiors, toenfors sey tfdlms cdio; tfo

hast tfoy wdcc jo ds hatatexd `rdvors.

Dl for apdldal, `dsnrdhdletdal annurs ehalm stuòlts prdherdcy ùo ta spoonf. Pforo

ds stralm haniory dl tfds romer`. Roors à lat vecuo tfo apdldals ag tfaso tfet à lat

spoei ^peldsf wocc, el` Uuonfue-spoeidlm stuòlts à lat pertdndpeto hunf dl ncess

joneuso tfoy ero dl goer ag jodlm hanio`. Pfds feppols wdtf haro groquolny dl tfo

acòr mreòs, sdlno dl for apdldal tfds ds lat sahotfdlm tfet nalnorls tfo yaulmor id`s

joneuso tfoy ero haro dllanolt.

0@OH_LE Huldndpec Ahju`shel gar Nfdc`rol el` Eàcosnolts. Dt ds e sorvdno ag tfo Letdalec ^ystoh ag Dltomrec

Ettoltdal ta tfo Nfdc` el` Eàcosnolt tfet jrdlms groo nero tfraumf nalndcdetdal ag; vdsdts, toluro el` gaa` naltrdjutdals.


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^fo tfdlis tfet e `dggdnuct tapdn gar stuòlts ds fevdlm ar lat fevdlm haloy. Pforo ero

èdcy opdsaòs wforo tfoy gooc je` sunf es wfol; juydlm ncatfos, fevdlm haloy gar

prosoltetdals, wfdnf sahotdhos hoel juydlm ar roltdlm nastuhos el` ecc tfet ejaut

protol`dlm ta wocc-agg.^fo fdmfcdmfts tfet wfol stuòlts nellat protol` tfol goocohjerresso`.

Pfo toenfor holtdals tfet òspdto tfo gent tfet tfoy ecc naho grah tfo seho

jenimraul` (naultrysdò) `dggorolnos ero stdcc prosolt. Onalahdneccy, dl tfo tfdlms tfet

saho nel juy wfdco atfors nellat. ^fo olsuros tfet tforo ds ecsa rendsh joneuso tfoy

ero grah tfo naultrysdò jut hdmft jo wfdtor, èrior, ar nfespe uyes(herio` genos).

^fo stetos tfet eccawelno ds elatfor espont ag `dsnrdhdletdal. Pforo ero saho id`s tfet

jrdlm gdvo sacos el` atfors alcy 2.?2 nolts, wfdco atfors stey dl tfo ncessraah joneuso

tfoy à lat fevo ely spol`dlm haloy.

Odtfor wey, sfo holtdals tfet ectfaumf tforo ds `dsnrdhdletdal, dt ds hunf haro sujtco

tfel et atfor snfaacs. Gar oxehpco, dl V snfaac `dsnrdhdletdal ds òopor joneuso ag

gdlelndec `dggorolnos.

^fo ecsa werls ejaut tfo mrevdty ag yautf cdvdlm al tfodr awl el` roltdlm raahs. ^fo

fdmfcdmfts tfet gar oxehpco, tforo ero stuòlts grah Accelteytehja el` ehalm

sdjcdlms- rolt e raah el` heio tfodr hoecs joneuso tfodr perolts ero lat tforo ta focp

tfoh. Rerolts à lat ettol` hootdlms. ^fo tfdlis tfet tfoso stuòlts hdmft fevo

hekar prajcohs sunf es ecnafac, melms, el` tool promlelny. ^fo nahholts tfet tforo

wes e neso ag e mdrc dl mreò 7 tfet mat promlelt.


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Pfds toenfor ronahhol`s tfet toenfors hust jo haro tacorelt tawer` tfo sdtuetdal

stuòlts ero cdvdlm dl. ^fo rogconts seydlm; wo sfauc` ilaw dg tfoy fevo fe` jroeigest

joneuso tfaso tfet fevo alcy fe` toe wdcc lat à es wocc. ]o sfauc` put aursocvos dl

tfodr sdtuetdal el` esi aursocvos wfotfor tfoy wdcc fevo pucpo` ar feuco` wetor.Poenfors sfauc` ilaw tfodr surraul`dlms, jut taèy la alo ds warrdo` ejaut tfet.

^fo latos tfet stuòlts gooc socg-nalsndaus ag spoeidlm Uuonfue el` alcy à dt dg tfoy

ero dl shecc mraups jut lat dl gralt ag ovoryalo. ^fo tfdlis tfet tfds ds e cass ag

nucturec dòltdty, tfet tfoy ilaw faw ta spoei dt gcuoltcy jut tfet poor prossuro

dlfdjdts tfoh.

Poenfor @

Pfds toenfor jocdovos tfet tforo ds `dsnrdhdletdal ehalm stuòlts jut alcy e cdttco. Fo

heldgost tfet tforo ero saho toenfors tfet ejuso tfodr stuòlts el` tfet tforo ovol

wes e nahpcedlt jut tfet 44 pornolt à lat prentdno `dsnrdhdletdal. Pforo ds juccydlm

ehalm stuòlts, pertdnucercy ehalm tfaso tfet cdvo ecalo. Pfodr poors heio gul ag

tfoh padltdlm aut tfet tfoy `rdli ecnafac el` cdvo jy tfohsocvos.

Fo dl`dnetos tfet tforo ds lomcont ag stuòlts tfet cdvo dl ger ewey eroes. Pfodr perolts

cdvo dl Uudccejehje ar Henfu Rdnnfu el` id`s fevo ta rolt raahs, la alo puts ely

aròr el` tfoy cdvo e groo cdgo. Pfo luhjor ag stuòlts tfet cdvo cdio tfds naltdluos ta

dlnroeso. Dl atfor nesos, tfodr perolts ero ecnafacdns el` lat hely ero ò`dneto` ta

tfodr nfdc`rols oùnetdal.

Fo àos lat latdno ely `dggorolno jotwool tfaso tfet cdvo dl tfo naultrysdò el`

tfaso tfet cdvo ncasor. Zomer`dlm tfo snfaac uldgarh, fo holtdals tfet hely perolts


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nellat juy tfoh el` id`s ero rocometo`, moloretdlm caw socg-ostooh el` ero esfeho`.

Fo dl`dnetos tfet tfds ds tfo snfaac tfet metfors stuòlts grah caw-dlnaho rurec eroes.

Pfoy ero mdvol el oxtolsdal ta juy tfodr uldgarh jut dg tfoy nellat juy dt tfoy gooc

je` odtfor wey.

Rsynfacamdst

Pfds psynfacamdst fes jool fdro` wdtf snfaac rosaurnos. Fo tfdlis tfet tforo ds

`dsnrdhdletdal, prdherdcy ulòrfelò`, jut tfet dt ds lat es hunf es dl atfor snfaacs.

Fo dl`dnetos tfet `dsnrdhdletdal et tfds snfaac ds `dggdnuct joneuso =2 pornolt ero grah

tfo naultrysdò el` spoei Uuonfue.

Fo jocdovos dl `dsnrdhdletdal prdherdcy gar onalahdn roesals. Pfaso tfet nel juy

tfdlms cdio; nocc pfalos, suppcdos, ncatfos, otn. Elatfor espont tfet dltorosts fdh ds

fymdolo. Fo holtdals tfet fo kust coerlo` ejaut tfo neso ag e mdrc dl gdrst mreò tfet

nahos grah tfo naultrysdò el` shoccs je`, es e nalsoquolno la alo welts ta sdt

josdò for. Pfds surprdsos fdh joneuso ta fdh tfoy ecc shocc je`. Pfoso dlsucts

rateto.

Fo ecsa toccs us ag elatfor neso dl mreò 7, dl wfdnf e id` wes nalsteltcy heò gul ag

gar lat spoeidlm ^peldsf wocc.

Fo eggdrhs tfet stuòlts fevo ta protol` ta jo sahotfdlm tfoy ero lat. Gar oxehpco,

tfaso tfet fevo jool teumft wocc et faho ovol dg tfoy naho grah tfo naultrysdò-,

ero lat esfeho` ag faw tfoy ero `rosso` ar faw tfoy spoei. Nalvorsocy, tfaso tfet

naho grah `ysgulntdalec fahos ar tfaso tfet cdvo ecalo wdtf vory cdttco haloy, sooi

ta protol` el` jo cdio tfo atfor stuòlts, coe`dlm tfoh ta stoec nocc pfalos el` atfor


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ajkonts. ^dhdcercy, tfoy teio al ettdtuòs ag tfo mraups tfoy welt ta rosohjco, el` dg

tfaso mraups `dsnrdhdleto emedlst atfors tfol tfoy wdcc ecsa à dt ta gdt dl. Fo holtdals

tfet tfds ds ettrdjuto` ta tfo gent tfet tforo ds e mraup ag stuòlts et tfo snfaac tfet

nahos grah tfo ndty, fevo jool idnio` aut ag atfor snfaacs el` fevo law gaul` tfdssnfaac es cest rosart.

Alo espont fo jocdovos nalvoldolt ta stross ds tfo `dvdsdal jotwool snfaacs. âho

pujcdn snfaacs ero ecroe`y ilawl es snfaac gar tfaso wdtf haro haloy, urjel ar

pragossdalec perolts. Pfds ds wfy dg tfoso typos ag snfaacs eccaw e poeselts nfdc` ta

oltor dt wdcc jo ulòr foevy toesdlm.

Fo ronamldzos tfet ovol dl tfds paar snfaac, tforo ds ecsa `dsnrdhdletdal el` tfet ovol

e toenfor oxpordolno` `dsnrdhdletdal. ^fo wes tac`; tfds toenfor àoslt ilaw faw ta

toenf joneuso sfo nahos grah tfo hato. Dl atfor war`s, ovol stuòlts fevo

dltorlecdzo` tfds `dsperemoholt tawer`s elyalo tfet spoeis wdtf e Uuonfue ennolt.

Gdleccy, fo stetos tfet alo ag fds maecs ds ta pusf tawer`s ncoelcdloss el` `dsndpcdlo et

tfds snfaac, sa tfet ecjodt haòst hdmft jo ol per wdtf atfor snfaacs ag tfo eroe. Pfds

ds wfy fo dòltdgdos el` roprdhel`s tfaso tfet naho paarcy `rosso` ar paarcy

mraaho`. Fo ovol nuts tfo fedr ag tfaso wfa fevo dt taa calm ar lomconto`.

:.> âho gdl`dlms; `dsnrdhdletdal dl shecc tfdlms.

Gdrst ag ecc, tfo `dggorolno jotwool stuòlt el` toenfor pornoptdals ds mroetcy

`dstdlmudsfo`. Pfo cettor àos lat ronamldzo `dsnrdhdletdal. Pfds hdmft jo dl rocetdal

ta tfo goocdlm tfet Roruvdel toenfors fevo ag ecweys jool wetnfo`, el` es rosuct, tol`

ta jo haro ògolsdvo. Zonamldzdlm tfet tforo ero `dsnrdhdletary prentdnos et tfodr

snfaac dhpcdos e gedcuro dl tfodr raco. Al tfodr pert, stuòlts ero uleldhaus dl


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ronamldzdlm tfo oxdstolno ag `dsnrdhdletdal dl sandoty el` dl tfodr awl snfaac ovol

tfaumf tfoy hey lat ecweys emroo al dts raats.

Pfo dltorvdows wdtf toenfors sfaw tfet, dl molorec, tfoy jocdovo `dsnrdhdletdal dssahotfdlm hdlar ehalm tfodr stuòlts el` tfet dt ds ecsa passdjco jotwool stuòlts

el` toenfors. Dl molorec, tfoy jomdl jy òlydlm tfds el` atfor garhs ag vdacolno

pcedlcy, jut es tfo dltorvdow pranoo`s tfoy mdvo òtedcs tfet dl`dneto tfet tforo ds haro

tfel wfet tfoy ero dldtdeccy wdccdlm ta ennopt.

Pfoso nesos ero lat vdsdjco, tfoy àlt naho gartf. Pfoy hey ldnileho oenf

atfor jut atfor tfel tfet sahotfdlm cdio juccydlm ds stappo`. Ovol toenforsstap tfohsocvos grah usdlm òrametary torhs dl Uuonfue.

Pforo ds la `dsnrdhdletdal, tfet àoslt feppol, D àlt soo dt. Lodtfor à wosoo dt wfol tfoy à mraup wari9 tfoy hastcy heio mraups jeso` al molòr. Dfevolt pornodvo` hdstroetholt ar ejusdvo, dts hastcy kust kaidlm.

Poenfors eppoer dlnepejco ag ulòrstel`dlm tfo stuòlt es e sujkont wdtf gucc rdmfts.

âho calm gar tfo tdho wfol tfoy nauc` ronur ta puldsfholts el` welt tfds ta jo

heò passdjco emedl dg lat wfet sfauc` D à1 Pfoy ecsa ronurroltcy nahpcedl ejaut

steto dldtdetdvos tfet ohpawor stuòlts wdtf rdmfts, sahotfdlm tfet toenfors nalsdòr e

tfroet ta tfodr eutfardty. Hely rdmfts ta tfoh ds sahotfdlm lometdvo sdlno dt nel ol`

up wdtf òlulndetdals ùo ta paar troetholt ar ejuso.

El elonàto tac` jy e toenfor sfaws tfo snfaacs `dggdnucty dl oecdlm wdtf tfo

nfelmdlm roecdtdos. ^fo fdmfcdmfts tfet tforo wes e jay wfa wes vory nalsndaus tfet tfosnfaac eutfardtdos woro lat madlm ta cdstol ta fdh romer`dlm ejuso fo fe`

oxpordolno` el` sa fo wolt `drontcy ta tfo _MOC. Fawovor, fo wes stappo` jy

garno, wo dhemdlo jy tfo suj-`drontar wfa mevo fdh e sordaus roprdhel`. @oopcy,

tfo toenfor wes naltolt wdtf tfo suj-`drontars ettdtuò.


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Faw ta naltrac tfoso low id`s wdtf rdmfts1 Poenfors fevo lat gaul` tfo hoels yot.

Alo ag tfoh mevo us fds dlsdmft ta tfds nfeccolmo. Gdrst wdtf cavo el` tfol wdtf rdmaur.

Cavo hoels tecidlm ta tfoh jogaro yoccdlm et tfoh, jut wfa ero tfo sujkonts tfetronodvo tfds hdxturo ag cavo el` rdmaur hast groquoltcy1

Dt ds tfo stuòlts tfet ero hast vuclorejco. Pfo paarost ar tfaso tfet fevo `dggdnuctdos

hootdlm toenfors oxpontetdals (errdvdlm al tdho, ncoel, wocc-`rosso`, fahowari

àlo). Poenfors à lat ronamldzo tfet tforo nauc` jo e rocetdal jotwool tfds gedcuro ta

nahpcy el` tfo stuòlts `dse`veltemoaus nal`dtdals. Pfoy à lat roecdzo tfet e mroet

hekardty ag tfoso stuòlts wari dl gerhs ero tdro` wfol tfoy gdldsf el` fevo prajcohs

hootdlm nfaros et faho. Poenfors tfohsocvos warry ejaut tfo ovor dlnroesdlm

prajcoh tfet es e rosuct ag cdvdlm ger ewey, hely rolt raahs loer tfo snfaac el` cdvo

jy tfohsocvos. Pfoso stuòlts à lat fevo gehdcy suppart, wari ta focp pey tfodr rolt

el` òvato hely faurs ta codsuro. Dt ds tfoso stuòlts tfet ronodvo tfo rondpo ag cavo

el` rdmaur hast groquoltcy.

Pfo toenfors wfah wo spaio wdtf eppoer ta jo pasdtdvocy hatdveto` jut fevo

prentdnos el` proku`dnos tfet rosuct dl naltre`dntary hossemos ta tfodr stuòlts. Gar

oxehpco, tfoy toenf tfoh òhanretdn vecuos, teci ejaut oquecdty el` la

`dsnrdhdletdal. Fawovor, et tfo seho tdho heio òrametary nahholts tawer`s id`s

grah tfo naultrysdò, tfoy heio tfodr fymdolo prajcohs haro ovdòlt, à lat pratont

tfoh grah haniory joneuso ag tfodr paar uso ag ^peldsf, el` prossuro tfoh ta uso

tfodr snfaac uldgarh praporcy, otn.

Rrahatdlm porsalec fymdolo el` tfo neroguc uso ag ncatfdlm ds lat e prajcoh al dts

awl. Pfo prajcoh ds tfet tfo toenfor àos lat pornodvo, ar dg tfoy à tfol à lat


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vecuo tfo dhpartelno, tfet tfaso wfa ero ajkonts ag tfodr nfestdsoholt ero echast

ecweys tfo paarost, hast poeselt stuòlts el` passdjcy tfaso tfet cdvo tfo gertfost.

Pfo snfaac psynfacamdst, sahoalo wdtf cats ag porsalec hatdvetdal ta suppart tfoòvocapholt ag tfo oùnetdalec noltro, fdhsocg jodlm grah tfo eroe, àos lat osnepo

tfds grehowari odtfor. Fo fes el dòe ag wfet ds looò` ta jonaho e ònolt porsal

el` sunnoo` dl tfo guturo. Pfds ds wfy tfo psynfacamdst naltrdjutos ta tfo porsonutdal

dl torhs ag ncoelcdloss, naltraccdlm shoccs, ulwesfo` fedr, `drty ar warl ncatfdlm.

Rroku`dnos tawer`s tfo poeselt papucetdal ecsa ohormo ehalm tfo toenfors. Pfoy

ilaw tfet dt ds pacdtdneccy dlnarront ta jo apol ejaut dt jut oxpross tfodr proku`dnos dl

`dvorso garhs. Pfoy nalsdòr tfet id`s grah tfo naultrysdò ero àndco, ulncoel, wdtf

paar sandec sidccs, el` fevo cdttco fapo tfet tfoy wdcc mot ta jonaho pragossdalecs. Dl

molorec, toenfors ero lat alcy ulerho` ta naultor low sandec sdtuetdals dl tfodr

surraul`dlms, wdtf nfdc`rol haro el` haro ohpaworo` el` cdvdlm ecalo, jut ecsa

hedltedl proku`dnos ejaut tfoh el` à lat ol` up entdlm es werreltars ag tfodr rdmfts.

Al tfodr pert, stuòlts à lat trust tfodr toenfors, wfdnf nauc` jo e rosuct ag tfo

dlnalsdstolndos tfet wo fevo holtdalo`. Pfoy ilaw `dsnrdhdletdal el` ecc dts òtedcs

jut hast ag ecc gooc tfo `dsessandetdal dl torhs ag onalahdn stetus ectfaumf saho

helemo ta ronamldzo tfo cdlis jotwool tfds, pceno ag ardmdl, el` nucturo.

@dsnrdhdletdal dl tfds snfaac, grah tfo stuòlts padlt ag vdow ds lat alo wdtf hekar

rendst dlndòlts. Dt ds mdvol dl cdttco honfeldshs ag `dggoroltdetdal el` somrometdal.

Pfoy gooc tfo vecuo ag tfo cdttco tfdlms (tfaso tfet toenfors alcy soo es `dsndpcdlery)

sunf es tfo pawor ta juy ar lat juy tfodr snfaac uldgarhs, tfo typo ag snfaac suppcdos

tfoy uso, ac` sfaos, spol`dlm et tfo snfaac idasi, errdvdlm ncoel, usdlm òaàrelt,


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gdldsfdlm tfodr fahowari. Pfoy ilaw tfo pawor ag haniory dl essdmldlm racos. Dl e

snfaac wforo ovoryalo spoeis Uuonfue, alo nauc` tfdli tfet celmuemo wauc` lat jo

el dssuo jut dt ds. Pfds ds joneuso tfo prajcoh ds lat tfo uso ag Uuonfue, wfdnf ecc

ilaw vory wocc9 tfo prajcoh ds òhalstretdlm tfo prapor uso ag ^peldsf. Pfoy ilawtfet tfo celmuemo fes dts awl camdn el` tfet Uuonfue ds alcy usoguc dl tfo àhostdn

spforo el` lat gar dhpartelt hettors. Pfds ds wfy, gar oxehpco, dt ds lat usoguc ta

sfaw agg dl ncess prosoltetdals sdlno tfoso ero dlstelnos ag leturec tolsdal. Pfo uso ag

celmuemo dl tfds neso ds ioy el` gedcuro ta uso dt praporcy jonahos e roesal ag goer.

Zd`dnucos ero heò hastcy tawer`s stuòlts grah tfo fdmf Elòelnahhuldtdos, tfoy ceumf et tfodr akates. Pfoy latdno tfet tfo pcey sannor

`dggoroltcy, e jdt ncuhsy, scdppdlm wfol tfoy idni. Pfoy ecsa latdno tfet tfoyàlt sfawor. Pfds heios stuòlts gooc je`. ]fet à D à1 D ma ullatdno`.

Pfds ds faw haniory ds soohdlmcy elatfor ioy ocoholt dl tfo cdgo ag stuòlts. Ovol

tfaumf tfo snfaac hey jo fahamoloaus ta e mroet òmroo, `dggorolnos ero judct vory

sujtcy. ^tuòlts ilaw tfet tforo ero saho tfet fevo haro haloy, haro urjel

oxpordolno el` spoei jottor ^peldsf, tfaso tfet jrdlm `dggorolt ncatfos, ennossardos

el` tfet nel ecsa jo coss èri el` e cdttco wfdtor. Zosohjcdlm tfoh, protol`dlm ta jo

cdio tfet ds sahotfdlm tfet pusfos stuòlts ta oltor dl ta cdttco jettcos tfet ectfaumf

hey jo wal haholterdcy, rosuct juròlsaho joneuso tfoy dhpcy protol`dlm,

àujtdlm alosocg, el` jodlm ohjerresso` ag wfa tfoy ero. Pfds ecsa òhel`s tfet

tfoy wari ta jo ejco ta eggar` juydlm tfo tfdlms tfet atfors fevo ar ta stoec.

Dl e naltoxt cdio tfds, ag haniory el` sujtco `dggorolnos tfet hey furt, stuòlts gdl`

el osnepo grah jodlm termots jy sfo``dlm tfo cdmft alta sahoalo ocso. Pforo wdcc

ecweys jo e roesal el` sahoalo et fel`. Pfds ds wfol kaios, eppoerelnos el` mraups

jonaho usoguc. El` es e cest rosart; dl`dggorolno.


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^tuòlts ero ecsa ewero tfet `dsnrdhdletdal pceys e sdmldgdnelt raco autsdò ag snfaac,

dl tfo roec war`. Pfoy fevo vory lometdvo dhemos ag eutfardtdos, ag Cdhe el`

Cdhoas, es rendsts el` nfeuvdldstdn. Pfoy ero nortedl tfet dg tfoy trevoc ta tfo ndty tfet

tfoy wdcc fevo e je` tdho. Pfoy ilaw tfet Uuonfue moloretos `dsèdl, tfet jodlm nfacasds wralm el` uso` es el dlsuct el` ilaw tfet dt wauc` jo oesdcy eppcdo` ta tfoh.

Lovortfocoss, dl tfo hd`st ag ecc tfds, stuòlts fevo vory dltorostdlm elswors. Pfoy ero

roe`y ta lat jo fuhdcdeto` sa oesdcy. Geno` wdtf tfoso nfeccolmos, tfodr woepal ds

dl`dggorolno.

Echast ecc ag tfoh dl`dneto tfet ectfaumf tfoy ilaw tfet tfo uso ag Uuonfue ds

`dse`veltemoaus, tfoy wdcc toenf tfodr id`s odtfor wey joneuso dt ds pert ag tfo nucturo.

Pfoy eppoer ta jo dl trelsdtdal grah e haro ògolsdvo pasdtdal, wforo tfo stretomy ta

pratont tfohsocvos ds ta jonaho dlvdsdjco, rosohjcdlm tfo fomohaldn dhemo el`

trelsgorrdlm ulta elatfor wforo tfds nahjdlos dlta e stralmor òhel` ag tfodr

dòltdty, gehdcdos, el` nucturo. Fawovor, tfodr `dsnaurso dl tfds romer` ds stdcc

òvocapdlm el` rohedls ulncoer. Pfoy enilawco`mo tfet tfoy ero nfacasjut à lat cdio

tfo uso ag tfo war` joneuso tfoy ilaw dt ds uso` es el dlsuct. Pfoy nel ecsa dòltdgy

tfohsocvos es Dl`dels ar dl`dmolaus joneuso tfoy ilaw tfet tforo ds el Dlnel fordtemo

ta falaur jut et tfo seho tdho, tfds saul`s ta tfoh es aggolsdvo, teio dt jeni el`

àujt. Alo nahos up wdtf e haro garhec ncedh; lar Dl`del, lar nfacas, sdhpcy

poapco, wdtfaut `dggorolt renos, jut atfors ocejareto haro nahpcox tfoardos ejaut

faw ta dhpravo, wfdnf dl jrdog òspdto tfo storoatypo` oxpceletdal sfaws tfo

jenimraul` dòe; dòltdtdos ero hajdco el` nalstrunto`.


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>. E GO] LAPO^ EJA_PD@OLDPT EL@ @D^NZDHDLEPDAL;

PFO U_O^PDALLEDZO^.

Josdòs dltorvdows, vory sdhpco quostdalledros woro mdvol ta ecc tfo stuòlts ag tfroo

sontdals ag mreò 55 et tfo snfaac (rogor ta tfo ellox). Pfoso woro e`hdldstoro` wdtf

tfo naccejaretdal ag toenfors dl tfo sandec sndolnos, wfa eccawo` us ta uso :2 hdlutos

ag tfodr ncess tdho gar stuòlts ta elswor tfoh rdmft tfol. Pfoy woro esio` ta oxpross

tfodr apdldals groocy, strossdlm tfet tfds wes lat e ilawco`mo tost tfet wauc` joherio`, el` es sunf tfoy `d` lat loo` ta napy tfodr poors jut tfet dlstoe` dt wes

dl`dvdùec wari. Ovorytfdlm nerrdo` al es pcello`9 stuòlts woro ganuso` el` ped`

ettoltdal, gdxdlm tfodr mezo al tfo dhemo prosolto` jogaro elswordlm tfo quostdals.

Pfo quostdalledro wes sdhpco. Dt fe` el dnaldn pdnturo ag el ovolt ag Roruvdel fdstary

- tfo tremdn òetf ag tfo dl`dmolaus nendquo Ppen Eheru DD dl Nusna. Pfo purpaso

ag tfds dhemo wes ta gdrst ag ecc dlvostdmeto dg tfoy ronamldzo` tfo fdstardn haholt

sfawl, wfet vecuo tfoy mevo ta tfds ennault, el` dg tfoy goct e rocetdalsfdp jotwool

tfo dhemo, tfohsocvos, el` tfodr prosolt.

Pfo hatdvetdal jofdl` tfoso quostdals wes ta gdl` aut dg stuòlts fe` cast tfo uso ag

fdstary es e padlt ag rogorolno es ncedho` dl e ronolt stu`y (_nnoccd ot ec., :25>). Dt

ecsa dltrdmuo` us ta ilaw dg tfoy fe` garmattol ejaut tfo dhemo ag Ppen Eheru ùota avor oxpasuro ùrdlm tfo Mrec. Wocesna Ecvereà (5472-54=2) mavorlholt es

ncedho` dl nahholts jy Nondcde Hlòz ùrdlm e :25: naurso et tfo DOR. Ppen

Eheru ds e sdmldgdnelt nferentor joneuso fo wes e hostdza fora grah Nusna, heyjo


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ovol tfo alcy fora ag tfo pravdlno ronamldzo` et e letdalec covoc (ar wes). ]auc` fo

stdcc jo rohohjoro` et tfds poeselt Nusquoa snfaac1 ]auc` dt stdcc moloreto ohpetfy1

Dl gdrst pceno, ecc stuòlts ilow tfo dhemo el` fdstary ag Ppen Eheru9 el` ectfaumftfoy `d` lat rohohjor tfo oxent èto, hely eppraxdheto` dl e relmo ag haro ar coss

52 yoers. Pfodr òsnrdptdal ag tfo ovolt ds - gar tfo hast pert loutrec et gdrst (tfoy

avorcaai tfo quostdal) el` òsnrdjo wfet tfoy soo; tfo ocoholts el` entdals tfet heio

up tfo dhemo. Hely vanecdzo tfodr vecuos romer`dlm tfo snolo tfraumf tfodr dldtdec

òsnrdptdal, rocetdlm dt ta kustdno (4) ar letdalecdsh (0). Ecc dòltdgdo` tfo nendquo es tfo

hedl nferentor el` tfo ^pelder`s es sonalèry nferentors. ]dtf tfo oxnoptdal ag alo

mdrc, tfoy ecc dòltdgdo` wdtf fdh.

Pfo roesals gar tfodr dòltdgdnetdal fe` ta à wdtf tfo dhpartelno mdvol ta fds ent ag

rosdstelno. Pfoy olsuro tfet tfoy hastcy dòltdgy wdtf fdh gar fds nauremo, gar gdmftdlm

el` rojoccdlm emedlst dlkustdno, gar ògol`dlm tfo letdal el` senrdgdndlm fdhsocg. Alcy

alo ag tfo stuòlts lato` tfet fo dòltdgdo` wdtf fdh joneuso fo wes Nusquoa, el`


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atfor twa gar soodlm fdh vuclorejco, wfdnf sfawo` sacdèrdty grah tfodr jofecg. Lalo

ag tfoh dl`dneto` otfldn ar nucturec roesals gar tfds dòltdgdnetdal.

Dl suhhery, tforo ds e fdmf òmroo ag dòltdgdnetdal wdtf Ppen Eheru, wfdnf pertsgrah ilawco`mo ag fds entdal, e naccontdvo hoeldlm, el` tfodr awl porsalec vecuos,

wfdnf coe` stuòlts ta gooc ohpetfy wdtf fdh el` ta oxpross goocdlms ag se`loss ar

elmor emedlst wfet tfo ^pelder`s `d` ta fdh.

Lovortfocoss, wfol tfoy woro esio` ejaut tfo neusos ag tfds ovolt el` tfdlms tfoy

sew es ronurrolt, tfoy holtdalo` tfohos sunf es `dsnrdhdletdal. Hely stuòlts

fdmfcdmfto` dloquecdty, rendsh, pavorty el` oxpcadtetdal es neusos ag tfds ovolt. E tfdr`

pert ag tfo stuòlts jocdovo` tfet sdhdcer neusos oxdst taèy jut tfo hekardty ag tfoh

padlto` ta `dsnrdhdletdal.

]fol esidlm dg tfdlms cdio tfo alos sfawl ta tfoh feppol taèy, tfoy eggdrho` tfet

tfoy à. Ovol tfaumf tfo naltoxt `dggoro` (pujcdn tarturos, farsos, elenfraldsh),

tforo woro saho elecamaus sdtuetdals pertdnucercy ejuso ag eutfardty tawer`s letdvos,

Elòels, el` tfo paar.

Heyars jocdovo tfet tfoy nel àhdleto ovoryalo, teio cel` ewey. Dt sfauc`ltjo tfet wey.

Tos, joneuso tfds àoslt nfelmo; narruptdal, rendsh, òcdlquolny, wers

Pfo neusos ag hdstroetholt ag hol jy hol ero lat maa`. El` dt naltdluostaèy joneuso tforo ds la sandec oquecdty ar maa` mavorlars () Rraportroetholt ag tfo gow onalahdn rosaurnos àos lat oxdst joneuso rdnf nahogdrst.

Tos, `dsnrdhdletdal ag otfldn mraups ar Elòels tfet nellat roe` ar wrdto el`cdvo dl pavorty.


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Nerrdo` gartf grah tfo dhemo ag tfo VDV noltury romer`coss ag tfodr prosolt el` ovol

wdtf tfodr nfdc`rol, stuòlts gaul` e naltdluetdal. Pfoy dl`dneto` tfet sdhdcer

sdtuetdals annurro` et tfo snfaac, sunf es pfysdnec emmrossdal ehalm nfdc`rol,

`dsnrdhdletdal jeso` al reno ar ncatfdlm. Pfo ol` ag Ppen Eheru heios tfoh tfdliejaut tfodr sdtuetdal ag `dsohpaworholt dl gralt ag ejuso.

yos, dt heios ho tfdli joneuso wo nelt rojoc emedlst aur toenfors el` wonel alcy kust olùro.

Latfdlm nel feppol sdhdcer ta tfet. Pforo wdcc sdhpcy jo `dsnrdhdletdal elàtfor tfdlms

Tos, tfds feppols et tfo snfaac joneuso tforo ero poors tfet `dsnrdhdletojoneuso tfoy fevo haro haloy ar atfors joneuso tfoy gooc supordar el``dsnrdhdleto, dl sunf e wey yau gooc wdtf caw socg-ostooh. Dts echast es dg eporsal tarturo` yau al tfo dlsdò.

Tos, tfds feppols et snfaacs joneuso tforo ero nalgcdnts ehalm stuòlts.Pforo ds `dsnrdhdletdal jeso` al reno, rocdmdal, tre`dtdals el` ncatfdlm.

]o ronodvo` e mroet verdoty ag rospalsos grah tfo stuòlts, wfdnf woro dltorostdlm ta

us dl pravdlm tfet, et coest, dl tfo pravdlno ag Nusna dl e vory paar snfaac ag

poeselt ardmdls tfo gdmuro ag Ppen Eheru DD, tfo sdmldgdnelno ag fds ents el` tfo

naltoxt dl wfdnf tfoy woro mdvol ero stdcc prosolt. Pfds ds dhpartelt joneuso tfoy

sfaw us tfo mroet sandec `dvorsdty dl aur naultry. Dg dl Eyenunfa el` Cdhe wo ajsorvo

e fdstary ohptdo` ag porsalemos, ovolts el` padlts ag rogorolno, foro wo nel gdl`

tfoh, et coest gar tfds ovolt. Pfds ds faw, dg tfo dhemo ag tfo hessenro` cest Dlne fes

cast dts rocovelno dl tfo naultry, dl Nusna tfds ds ger grah tfo trutf, ovol gar

eàcosnolts grah e poeselt snfaac.


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Elatfor espont tfet wo rosnuo` ds tfet hatdveto` jy tfo dhemo stu`olts gaul`

naltdluetdals tfet focpo` tfoh ta nferentordzo tfodr awl roecdty, wforo tfoy padlt ta

`dsnrdhdletdal; dts rocetdal ta otfldndty, pavorty el` ejuso ag pawor es rocovelt

nahpalolts.


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0. AJÔZWEPDAL^

Es e nahpcdholtery taac ta tfo dltorvdows el` tfo quostdalledro, wo roecdzo`

ajsorvetdals et tfo snfaac ùrdlm tfroo woois wdtf tfo dltoltdal ag dòltdgydlm

saho pettors dl tfo dltor-rocetdals ag stuòlts, es wocc es jotwool toenfors el`

stuòlts. Aur ajsorvetdal fe` cdhdtetdals tfet wo wdcc cetor dl`dneto dl tfo ellox ag

tfds ropart, jut wfdnf woro e usoguc ocoholt ta nahpcoholt tfo greho ag aur hdld

dlvostdmetdal.

0.5 Ncessraah Dltorentdals

]o woro ejco ta ajsorvo e `dvdsdal ehalm tfo stuòlts ennar`dlm ta tfo wey tfoy

`rosso`. ^tuòlts tfet `rosso` dl e sdhdcer gesfdal eppoer ta dltorent ehalmst oenf

atfor. Pfds wes ovdòlt jatf dl tfo stuòlts grah mreò 7 ta 4. Gar oxehpco, dl mreò

7 stuòlts wdtfaut uldgarh wauc` tol` ta sdt tamotfor.

Zomer`dlm tfds padlt, wo ajsorvo` el dltorostdlm dlndòlt ùrdlm emrdnucturo ncess;

alno tfo ncess sterto`, mdrcs wdtfaut e uldgarh jomel ta pucc aut mress el` woo`s ta

propero tfo oertf el` jomdl ta pcelt, wfdco tfaso wdtf uldgarh rohedlo` dlentdvo el`

eppoero` ta teci ejaut tfo mdrcs tfet woro waridlm.

Dt wes fer` ta òtorhdlo wfy tforo woro tfaso `dvdsdals ehalm stuòlts. E passdjco

elswor nauc` jo tfet mdrcs wdtf sdhdcer uldgarhs woro grdol`s joneuso tfoy fe` saho

eggdldty ehalm tfoh ar tfet stuòlts wdtf sdhdcer ncatfdlm fevo tfo seho onalahdn

el` otfldn covoc. Narrospal`dlmcy, dt nauc` jo passdjco tfet tforo nauc` jo e ceni ag


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wdccdlmloss al stuòlts pert ta dltorent wdtf atfors ag e cawor sanda-onalahdn covoc,

ùo ta tfodr pronalnodvo` dòes ag `dsnrdhdletdal.

0.: Rceymraul` Dltorentdals

Ejaut tfds tapdn, wo nauc` lat gdl` e stralm rocetdalsfdp jotwool tfo mraups tfet

garho` ta pcey. Gar oxehpco, tforo wes e mraup ag id`s tfet groquoltcy prentdno`

sparts. Ecc tfo id`s dl tfo mraup fe` sdhdcer uldgarh el` maa` sfaos9 eppoero` ncoel9

el` waro moc dl tfodr fedr.

Pfo `dggorolno jotwool tfo dltorentdal ag stuòlts dl tfo ncessraah el` pceymraul`nauc` jo ùo ta tfo gcoxdjdcdty mdvol dl tfo dltorentdals autsdò ag tfo ncess. Ectfaumf

haro dltorentdal ehalm `dstdlnt mraups ag stuòlts ds lato`, sujtco garhs ag

soperetdal nel jo gaul`. Es praag ag tfds, wo ajsorvo` tfet ùrdlm e vaccoyjecc hetnf

el` e èlno prentdno, tfo mdrcs tfet pceyo` ar èlno` woro wocc `rosso` el` fe` cdmftor

sidl. Nalvorsocy, tfo mdrcs tfet caaio` et tfoh wdtfaut pertdndpetdlm woro ag èrior

sidl el` caai haro `dsfovoco`.

0.> Dltorentdals ehalm Poenfors el` ^tuòlts

Dl molorec, dt wes ajsorvo` tfet toenfors sooho` haro warrdo` ejaut stuòlts

eppoerelno. Dl luhoraus annesdals, toenfors ermuo` wdtf stuòlts ejaut tfodr

ncoelcdloss el` fymdolo. Pfds sustedls wfet tfo dltorvdows dl`dneto` ta us.

Gar oxehpco, el dlndòlt wes fdmfcdmfto` wforo twa stuòlts errdvo` et tfo snfaacwdtf e `drty geno. ]fol e toenfor sew tfoh, fo esio` tfoh ta ma ta tfo jetfraah el`

ncoel tfodr geno. ]fol stuòlts neho jeni, tfo toenfor holtdalo` tfet hely perolts

à lat ilaw faw ta caai egtor tfodr nfdc`rol el` sol` tfoh `drty ta snfaac. @ospdto

tfo gent tfet tfo toenfor hdmft fevo maa` roesals ta warry ejaut stuòlts fymdolo,


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wo nalsdòr tfet tfoso typos ag nahholts nauc` naltrdjuto ta tfo molorec pornoptdal

ag `dstrust tawer`s toenfors, es ovdòlno` dl tfo dltorvdows.

Ovol tfaumf tfoso ettdtuòs nauc` sooh es nahhal, tforo ero ndrnuhstelnos dl wfdnftoenfors heio oggarts ta olnauremo stuòlts ta dltorent ehalm tfoh dl ncess el` sfero

ncess hetordec, òspdto tfodr `dggorolnos.


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?. ^AHO GDLEC ZOGCONPDAL^

Dl tfds cdttco neso stu`y, wo fevo jool ejco ta epprondeto tfo `dvorso el` sujtco garhs

The Weapon of the Weak- A Case Study on Discrimination in a Public School in Cuzco

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