The water level hydraulic and conductivity testing monitoring for Fruta del Norte Project in Ecuador

APPENDIX B Hydraulic Conductivity Test Results FDN BLOCK and South Area

November 2008 - Bi - 07-1118-0020

Golder Associates

TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE

1.0 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................... 1 2.0 WATER LEVEL MONITORING DURING DRILLING................................. 1 3.0 HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY TESTING .................................................. 1 4.0 GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF PACKER TEST RESULTS................ 2

LIST OF TABLES Table B1 Summary of Hydraulic Conductivity Test Results

LIST OF FIGURES Scatter plots of Hydraulic Conductivity Test Results by location, drillhole and formation, vs. elevation or depth below ground surface.

November 2008 - B1 - 07-1118-0020

Golder Associates

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The following text outlines the water level hydraulic and conductivity testing monitoring performed during the geotechnical program at FDN.

2.0 WATER LEVEL MONITORING DURING DRILLING

In mountainous areas, or areas of recharge, within a hydrogeological or geotechnical formation/unit, open holes static water levels typically decrease with depth. Measurement of open hole static water levels in the deep geotechnical drillholes cored at FDN allows for data that can be used to identify horizontal, vertical and change of groundwater regime. This information can also be used to calibrate numerical flow models. Similarly, static water levels can be measured in the shut-in intervals isolated by packer inflation.

Open hole static water levels were monitored during drilling. Packer test interval static water levels were similarly monitored. Results are tabulated on Table B1 and plotted on Figures 5 to 9, main text.

The significant observation is that in the south area, water levels are perched within the Hollin, or pooled at the base of the Hollin, with downward gradients.

Within the FDN mineralized block, there is a distinct water level drop from east to west when crossing the Central Fault. The drop appears proportional to the offset between the FDN-East block and the FDN-west block (which is down-dropped relative to the FDN-East block). To the north, open holes flowed, artesian conditions.

3.0 HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY TESTING

Hydraulic conductivity testing in the form of packer testing was routinely performed during the advancement of the thirteen geotechnical boreholes. Over sixty packer tests were carried out. Interval lengths were initially shorter (30m to 45m). However, due to the relatively low permeability of the formations, the interval length was increased in tight rock (70m intervals). Approximately 57 tests were conducted.

Test intervals were exposed by raising the drill rods off hole bottom to expose the interval. The packer system consisted of a two-packer arrangement, lowered using the drill rig wire line. One packer sits immediately above the drill bit, in the rods. The lower packer sits immediately below the drill bit, within the rock interval. The top of the test interval is considered the bottom of the lower packer (when inflated). The bottom of the test interval is considered the bottom of hole. Packers were inflated using compressed nitrogen gas.

November 2008 - B2 - 07-1118-0020

Golder Associates

The hydraulic conductivity test procedure typically followed the “falling head” procedure. Once packers were properly seated and inflated, a hydraulic head was applied to the rock mass via a column of water through the drill rods. A data logger device within the water column, occasionally supplemented by a data logger device within the test interval, would record the drop in head within the water column over time. Rising head, stepped pressure constant head, single pressure injection, or pressure pulse tests were also carried out, at the discretion of the field engineer, based on the in-situ character of the rock.

The test data was then reduced in the field using one or more of the following (Hvorslev 1951), the commercial available code Aqtesolve, or the Golder-in house developed software FLOWDIM, used to carry out second derivative analysis. Results were compared where one or more analytical solution was used, and highlighted on Table B1.

4.0 GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF PACKER TEST RESULTS

Following Table B1 are graphical presentations of the Packer Test results, with purpose to present the information by location, rock types exposed in the test interval and by drillhole vs. depth. The scatter plots typically indicate that FDN rocks are low permeability (geometric mean 10-8m/s), with highest hydraulic conductivities near-surface and decreasing hydraulic conductivity with depth below top of bedrock.

MR/cg/co

n:\active\2007\1118\07-1118-0020 aurelian-ecuador\phase 2200 conveyor and ramp investigation\reports\appendices\appendix b\01- 0711180020appb_draft.doc

*still falling**Assumed Value

***Extrapolated Value

From To From To Open Hole Interval Slug Pulse Step TestConstant

Rate Comments

1 FC 69.40 125.00 67.04 120.74 HOLLIN SANDSTONE 11.88 N/M -- -- -- √ 12-Aug-07 1.4E-07 1.0E-07 9.0E-09 --

2 Fracture 135-146m Inc Depth FC 117.36 196.47 113.36 189.78 FRUTA - ANDESITE 5.48 5.48 -- -- -- √ 13-Aug-07 9.1E-09 6.5E-09 2.1E-08 --3 Test not at Steady State FC 167.16 323.16 161.46 312.15 FRUTA - ANDESITE - - -- -- -- √ 15-Aug-07 2.5E-07 2.5E-08 4.0E-07 -- not shown, see Test 5,6,74 Step Test FC 320.00 380.00 309.10 367.05 Fruta - Suarez Contact N/M 19.86 -- -- -- √ 16-Aug-07 3.3E-07 2.5E-07 3.2E-07 -- not shown, see Test 5,6,75 Pulse Test ML/MZ 419.00 479.00 404.72 462.68 MISHUALLI - ANDESITE √ -- -- -- 19-Aug-07 -- -- -- 6.3E-11

6 Pulse Test ML/MZ 479.00 585.00 462.68 565.07 MISHUALLI - ANDESITE √ -- -- -- 22-Aug-07 -- -- -- 7.5E-10

7 Head Injection Test ML/MZ 199.00 585.00 192.22 565.07 FRUTA, SUAREZ, MISAHUALLI √ -- -- -- 26-Aug-07 -- -- -- 1.2E-09

1 Multiple Rate Injection GB/LB 155.78 238.46 146.39 224.08 FRUTA - ANDESITE N/M 81.69 -- -- √ -- 31-Jul-07 4.7E-07 3.4E-07 -- --2 Abandoned test GB/LB 225.00 325.00 211.43 305.40 FRUTA - ANDESITE -- -- -- -- 3-Aug-07

3 Step Injection Test GB/LB 233.90 325.46 219.79 305.83 FRUTA - ANDESITE 58.36 75.71 √ -- -- -- 3-Aug-07 4.7E-08 7.6E-08 -- -- not shown, see Test 44 Pumping Test GB/LB 233.88 334.00 219.78 313.86 FRUTA - ANDESITE 34.00 39.34 -- -- -- √ 3-Aug-07 4.3E-07 1.3E-07 2.6E-08 --5 FC 320.76 394.20 301.42 370.43 FRUTA - ANDESITE 73.76 75.58 √ -- -- -- 5-Aug-07 1.0E-09 2.9E-09 -- --6 No Flow at High Pressure FC 433.81 500.20 407.65 470.03 SUAREZ - Conglo (5m Andesite at top) N/M N/M √ -- -- -- 8-Aug-07 2.0E-08 5.5E-08 -- --1 PFR 133.70 208.50 121.17 188.97 HOLLIN/SUAREZ (Volcanic Clastic) 75.80 √ -- -- -- 10-Sep-07 4.5E-08 -- -- --2 PFR 203.60 280.50 184.52 254.22 SUAREZ (Volcanic Clastic) 72.70 √ -- -- -- 11-Sep-07 6.1E-09 -- -- --3 PFR 275.20 368.80 249.42 334.25 SUAREZ (Conglomerate + volcanic clastic) 108.70 √ -- -- -- 13-Sep-07 9.1E-09 -- -- --1 MZ/ML 77.00 160.00 69.79 145.01 SUAREZ 61.73 61.88 √ -- -- -- 31-Aug-07 6.0E-08 -- -- --2 PFR/CH 157.70 211.70 136.57 183.34 SUAREZ √ -- -- -- 1-Sep-07 -- -- -- -- xx3 PFR/CH 206.40 250.70 178.75 217.11 SUAREZ √ -- -- -- 3-Sep-07 -- -- -- -- xx

1A PFR/LB 94.80 109.70 82.10 95.00 FRUTA (Weathered Andesite + faults) 56.90 80.80 √ -- -- -- 17-Sep-07 1.6E-07 -- -- --1B PFR/LB 81.60 201.40 70.67 174.42 HOLLIN/FRUTA (Andesite + faults) -- 63.20 √ -- -- -- 19-Sep-07 4.5E-08 -- -- --2 PFR/LB 108.60 201.40 94.05 174.42 FRUTA (Andesite) -- 62.70 √ -- -- -- 19-Sep-07 1.1E-07 -- -- -- not shown, see Test 1,23 PFR/CH 191.80 256.70 166.10 222.31 SUAREZ (Volcanic clastic + conglomerate) 55.40 55.30 √ -- -- -- 20-Sep-07 8.8E-10 -- -- --

1 Falling Head Test ML/MZ 40.21 75.10 38.84 72.54 SUAREZ 16.71 41.28* √ -- -- -- 13./14.10.2007 2.2E-07 -- -- -- not shown, see Test 32 Falling Head Test, open hole ML/MZ 40.21 75.10 38.84 72.54 SUAREZ 12.87 - √ -- -- -- 14-Oct-08 6.1E-07 -- -- -- not shown, see Test 43 Falling Head Test ML/MZ 29.21 75.10 28.21 72.54 SUAREZ 11.00 15.39* √ -- -- -- 14./15.10.2009 1.2E-07 -- -- --1 Falling Head Test, open hole ML/MZ 38.36 76.15 34.77 69.02 HOLLIN - SUAREZ 23.78 - √ -- -- -- 5-Oct-07 7.5E-07 -- -- --2 Falling Head Test, open hole ML/MZ 77.96 100.75 70.66 91.31 SUAREZ 28.47 - √ -- -- -- 6-Oct-07 1.1E-06 -- -- --1 CH 38.50 71.70 29.49 54.93 SUAREZ - - √ -- -- -- 29-Sep-07 1.3E-06 -- -- --2 CH 70.20 103.20 53.78 79.06 SUAREZ - - √ -- -- -- 1-Oct-07 -- -- -- --

1 PFR/CH 47.10 109.40 39.05 90.70 SUAREZ 2.90 10.30 √ -- -- -- 24-Sep-07 1.5E-09 -- -- --2 CH 108.30 186.00 89.78 154.20 SUAREZ/SINTER 4.10 6.20 √ -- -- -- 26-Sep-07 5.9E-09 -- -- --3 Packers not seated CH 276.80 336.80 229.48 279.22 MISAHUALLI 4.20 -- √ -- -- -- 1-Oct-07 -- -- -- --4 Packers not seated CH 353.30 413.20 292.90 342.56 MISAHUALLI 36.80 -- √ -- -- -- 3-Oct-07 -- -- -- --5 PFR/CH 275.50 445.20 228.40 369.09 MISAHUALLI 55.30 66.70 √ -- -- -- 4-Oct-07 4.6E-07 -- -- --6 Falling Head Test ML/MZ 443.46 514.20 367.65 426.29 MISAHUALLI 55.99 55.60 √ -- -- -- 6-Oct-07 2.2E-09 -- -- --1 Injection Test ML/MZ 21.30 100.50 17.23 81.31 FRUTA / UPPER SUAREZ 0.88 1.00 -- -- -- √ 16-Oct-07 9.3E-07 6.7E-07 5.1E-07 -- x not shown2 Pump Test ML/MZ 21.30 100.50 17.23 81.31 FRUTA / UPPER SUAREZ 0.88 1.00 -- -- -- √ 16-Oct-07 2.2E-07 8.4E-07 2.6E-04 --3 Injection Test ML 84.21 175.50 68.13 141.98 FRUTA / UPPER SUAREZ 0.68 -0.58 -- -- -- √ 18-Oct-07 9.7E-07 6.8E-07 9.4E-07 --4 Injection Test ML 173.71 250.12 140.53 202.35 SUAREZ/MISAHUALLI Artesian -0.63 -- -- -- √ 21-Oct-07 5.2E-08 3.7E-08 4.2E-08 --5 Pulse Test MZ 266.71 319.50 215.77 258.48 SUAREZ / WEST FAULT Artesian -1.45 -- √ -- -- 23-Oct-07 -- -- -- 8.4E-08

6 Injection Test ML/KG 317.31 346.10 256.71 280.00 WEST FAULT / MISAHUALLI Artesian -5.51 -- -- -- √ 27-Oct-07 4.9E-07 4.1E-07 2.3E-06 7.7E-07

7A Falling Head Test GY/KG 382.50 441.30 309.45 357.02 MISAHUALLI Artesian -5.89 √ -- -- -- 2-Nov-07 -- -- 2.6E-07 -- 720

8 Falling Head Test GY 461.50 568.30 373.36 459.76 MISAHUALLI Artesian -1.40 √ -- -- -- 15-Nov-07 2.2E-09 -- -- -- 950

9 Rising Head Test GY 565.15 631.15 457.22 510.61 MISAHUALLI -1.34 -1.73 √ -- -- -- 18-Nov-07 3.9E-08 -- -- -- 950

10 Rising Head Test GY/PFR 626.70 709.50 507.01 574.00 MISAHUALLI -3.74 -2.98 √ -- -- -- 20-Nov-07 1.3E-07 -- -- -- 950

1 Injection Test GY/KG 104.36 163.15 79.94 124.98 SUAREZ (Conglomerate) 48.77 44.84 -- -- -- √ 5-Nov-07 1.7E-06 1.3E-06 -- 8.80E-07 345

2 Falling Head Test, open hole GY/KG/PR 184.00 225.10 140.95 172.44 SUAREZ (Conglomerate + Volcanic clastic) 44.21** 44.21** √ -- -- -- 8-Nov-07 -- -- 4.7E-07 -- 500

3 Falling Head Test GY/KG 191.00 270.80 146.31 207.44 SUAREZ (Conglomerate + Volcanic clastic) 44.21 44.21 √ -- -- -- 9-Nov-07 -- -- 5.4E-09 -- 550

4 Falling Head Test GY 267.40 353.20 204.84 270.57 SUAREZ/MISAHUALLI (and W Fault) 41.25*** 41.25*** √ -- -- -- 20-Nov-07 -- -- 2.4E-08 -- 550

5 Injection Test GY 349.70 432.50 267.89 331.31 MISAHUALLI 39.65 39.88 -- -- -- √ 23-Nov-07 6.8E-07 5.0E-07 -- -- 650

Injection Test GY 429.00 511.80 328.63 392.06 MISAHUALLI 35.19 35.39 -- -- -- √ 25-Nov-07 1.2E-07 8.4E-08 -- -- 725Falling Head Test GY 429.00 511.80 328.63 392.06 MISAHUALLI 35.19 35.39 √ -- -- -- 25-Nov-07 -- 1.8E-07 -- x not shown 725

Injection Test GY 165.20 500.00 144.49 437.31 MISAHUALLI Artesian -- -- -- √ 8.3E-07 5.0E-07 -- -- x not shown 550Raising Head Test GY 165.20 500.00 144.49 437.31 MISAHUALLI Artesian √ -- -- -- -- -- 5.9E-08 -- 550

1 Falling Head Test PFR/LB 71.30 145.20 54.62 111.23 SUAREZ/FDN 52.70 52.70 √ -- -- -- 29-Nov-07 4.5E-07 -- -- -- 500

2 Falling Head Test PFR/LB 131.30 145.20 100.58 111.23 SUAREZ/FDN lower contact 52.70 52.20 √ -- -- -- 29-Nov-07 1.6E-06 -- -- -- 500

3 Falling Head Test LB 143.70 190.20 110.08 145.70 SUAREZ (Volcanic clastic) 50.80 50.50 √ -- -- -- 30-Nov-07 1.1E-07 -- -- -- 500

4 -- -- -- -- -- --5 -- -- -- -- -- --

x pump/raising head test results were prefered, when available 1.1E-07 Where more than one test analysis method was carried out, the shaded result was selected for graphical presentation, based on engineering judgement.xx WL needed for Analysis

25-Nov-07-15.14

GM-07-03

CP-07-177 61 1

CP-07-176 50

6

GM-07-04

Tester

True DepthInterval Static Water Level

(mbgs) (mbgs)Geology of Interval

Hydraulic Conductivity in m/s

Thiem / Dupuit Aqtesolve FlowDim

Packer Inflation Pressure

(psi)

GolderName

Test TypeTest Date

Hvorslev

Comment on TestTest #Inclination

at CollarAurelian

Name mbgs

Downhole DepthInterval

G-07-2 CP-07-146 70

G-07-1 CP-07-148 75

G-07-3 CP-07-156 65

CP-07-153 60

G-07-5 CP-07-159 60

GP-07-1 CP-07-169 75

CP-07-170 54

GP-07-3 CP-07-164 60

GM-07-01 CP-07-162 56

GM-07-05 CP-07-183 55

GP-07-2 CP-07-165 65

GM-07-02

G-07-4

FDN BLOCK and SOUTH AREA

TABLE B1 AURELIAN PROJECTSUMMARY OF HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY TEST RESULTS

March 2008Table B1 PACKER TEST RESULTS MAIN TABLE 14.12.07.xls 07-1118-0020Golder Associates Limited

Transmissivity (T) vs. Depth (m bgs)by Borehole

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1.0E-09 1.0E-08 1.0E-07 1.0E-06 1.0E-05

Transmissivity (m2/s)

Dep

th (m

bgs

)

G-07-1 G-07-2G-07-3 G-07-4G-07-5 GP-07-1GP-07-2 GP-07-3GM-07-01 GM-07-02GM-07-03 GM-07-04GM-07-05

Hydraulic Conductivity (K) vs. Depth (m bgs)by Borehole

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1.0E-11 1.0E-10 1.0E-09 1.0E-08 1.0E-07 1.0E-06 1.0E-05Hydraulic Conductivity (m/s)

Dep

th (m

bgs

)

G-07-1 G-07-2G-07-3 G-07-4G-07-5 GP-07-1GP-07-2 GP-07-3GM-07-01 GM-07-02GM-07-03 GM-07-04GM-07-05

Hydraulic Conductivity (K) vs. Depth (m bgs)Portal Boreholes - South Area

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600


Dep

th (m

bgs

)

CP-07-169 CP-07-165CP-07-164

Hydraulic Conductivity (K) vs. Depth (m bgs)Ramp Boreholes - South Area

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600


Dep

th (m

bgs

)

CP-07-148 CP-07-146CP-07-156 CP-07-153CP-07-159

Hydraulic Conductivity (K) vs. Depth (m bgs)Mine Boreholes - FDN Block

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600


Dep

th (m

bgs

)

CP-07-162 CP-07-170CP-07-176 CP-07-177CP-07-183

Hydraulic Conductivity (K) vs. Elevation (m asl)

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600


Elev

atio

n (m

asl

)

Suarez - ConglomerateHollin - Sandstone Fruta - AndesiteFruta - Suarez - ContactMisahualli - AndesiteSuarez - Misahualli - West FaultFruta - Suarez - MisahualliHollin - SuarezSuarez - FDN - Contact

Hydraulic Conductivity (K) vs. Elevation (m asl)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

7001.00E-11 1.00E-10 1.00E-09 1.00E-08 1.00E-07 1.00E-06 1.00E-05

Hydraulic Conductivity (m/s)

Elev

atio

n (m

asl

)

Suarez - ConglomerateHollin - Sandstone Fruta - AndesiteFruta - Suarez - ContactMisahualli - AndesiteSuarez - Misahualli - West FaultFruta - Suarez - MisahualliHollin - SuarezSuarez - FDN - Contact

Hydraulic Conductivity (K) vs. Elevation (m asl)Hollin Formation

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600


Elev

atio

n (m

asl

)

Hollin - Sandstone

Hollin - Suarez

Hydraulic Conductivity (K) vs. Elevation (m asl)Suarez Formation

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600


Elev

atio

n (m

asl

)

Suarez - ConglomerateFruta - Suarez - ContactSuarez - Misahualli - West FaultFruta - Suarez - MisahualliHollin - SuarezSuarez - FDN

Hydraulic Conductivity (K) vs. Elevation (m asl)Fruta Andesite

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600


Elev

atio

n (m

asl

)

Fruta - Andesite

Fruta - Suarez - Contact

Fruta - Suarez - Misahualli

Hydraulic Conductivity (K) vs. Elevation (m asl)Misahualli Andesite

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600


Elev

atio

n (m

asl

)

Misahualli - Andesite

Suarez - Misahualli - West Fault


Hydraulic Conductivity (K) vs. Elevation (m asl) Portal Boreholes

CP-07-164, CP-07-165, CP-07-169

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600


Elev

atio

n (m

asl

)

Suarez - ConglomerateHollin - Suarez

Hydraulic Conductivity (K) vs. Elevation (m asl)Ramp Boreholes

CP-07-146, CP-07-148, CP-07-153, CP-07-156, CP-07-159

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600


Elev

atio

n (m

asl

)

Suarez - Conglomerate

Hollin - Sandstone

Fruta - Andesite



Hydraulic Conductivity (K) vs. Elevation (m asl)Mine Boreholes

CP-07-162, CP-07-170, CP-07-176, CP-07-177, CP-07-183

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600


Elev

atio

n (m

asl

)

Suarez - ConglomerateFruta - Suarez - ContactMisahualli - AndesiteSuarez - Misahualli - West FaultSuarez - FDN - Contact

Hydraulic Conductivity (K) vs. Elevation (m asl)GP-07-01 / CP-07-169

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600


Elev

atio

n (m

asl

)



800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600


Elev

atio

n (m

asl

)


Hollin - Suarez


800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600


Elev

atio

n (m

asl

)


Hydraulic Conductivity (K) vs. Elevation (m asl)G-07-01 / CP-07-148

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600


Elev

atio

n (m

asl

)

Hollin - Sandstone

Fruta - Andesite




800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600


Elev

atio

n (m

asl

)


Fruta - Andesite


800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600


Elev

atio

n (m

asl

)


Hollin - Suarez


800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600


Elev

atio

n (m

asl

)



800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600


Elev

atio

n (m

asl

)


Fruta - Andesite

Hydraulic Conductivity (K) vs. Elevation (m asl)GM-07-01 / CP-07-162

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600


Elev

atio

n (m

asl

)




800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600


Elev

atio

n (m

asl

)


Fruta - Suarez - ContactMisahualli - Andesite


800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600


Elev

atio

n (m

asl

)



Suarez - Misahualli - West Fault


800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600


Elev

atio

n (m

asl

)



800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600


Elev

atio

n (m

asl

)


Suarez- FDN - Contact

APPENDIX B2 Hydraulic Conductivity Test Results

Ramp and Shaft-Conveyor Investigation

October 2008 - Bi - 07-1118-0020

Golder Associates

TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE

1.0 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................... 1 2.0 WATER LEVEL MONITORING DURING DRILLING................................. 1 3.0 HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY TESTING .................................................. 1 4.0 GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF PACKER TEST RESULTS................ 2

LIST OF TABLES Table B2 Summary of Hydraulic Conductivity Test Results

LIST OF FIGURES Scatter plots of Hydraulic Conductivity Test Results by location, drillhole and formation, vs. elevation or depth below ground surface.

August 2008 - B1 - 07-1118-0020

Golder Associates

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The following text outlines the water level hydraulic and conductivity testing monitoring performed during the geotechnical program for the ramp and conveyor at FDN carried out in March and April 2008.

2.0 WATER LEVEL MONITORING DURING DRILLING

In mountainous areas, or areas of recharge, within a hydrogeological or geotechnical formation/unit, open holes static water levels typically decrease with depth. Measurement of open hole static water levels in the deep geotechnical drillholes cored at FDN allows for data that can be used to identify horizontal, vertical and change of groundwater regime. This information can also be used to calibrate numerical flow models. Similarly, static water levels can be measured in the shut-in intervals isolated by packer inflation.

Open hole static water levels were monitored during drilling. Packer test interval static water levels were similarly monitored. Results are tabulated on Table B2 and plotted on Figures 11 (ramp-conveyor drillhole) and Figure 12 (shaft drillhole), main text.

3.0 HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY TESTING

Hydraulic conductivity testing in the form of packer testing was routinely performed, once Golder personnel arrived on-site, during the advancement of the two geotechnical boreholes. Eight packer tests were carried out as part of the conveyor and ramp geotechnical investigation. Interval lengths were initially shorter (30m to 50m). However, due to the relatively low permeability of the formations, the interval length was increased in tight rock (60m to 80m intervals).

Test intervals were exposed by raising the drill rods off hole bottom to expose the interval. The packer system consisted of a two-packer arrangement, lowered using the drill rig wire line. One packer sits immediately above the drill bit, in the rods. The lower packer sits immediately below the drill bit, within the rock interval. The top of the test interval is considered the bottom of the lower packer (when inflated). The bottom of the test interval is considered the bottom of hole. Packers were inflated using compressed nitrogen gas.

The hydraulic conductivity test procedure typically followed the “falling head” procedure. Once packers were properly seated and inflated, a hydraulic head was applied to the rock mass via a column of water through the drill rods. A data logger device within the water column, occasionally supplemented by a data logger device within the test interval, would record the drop in head within the water column over time. Rising head, stepped pressure constant head, single

August 2008 - B2 - 07-1118-0020

Golder Associates

pressure injection, or pressure pulse tests were also carried out, at the discretion of the field engineer, based on the in-situ character of the rock.

The test data was then reduced in the field using the Hvorslev 1951 method, and the results are presented on Table B2.

4.0 GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF PACKER TEST RESULTS

Following Table B2 are graphical presentations of the Packer Test results, with purpose to present the information by location, rock types exposed in the test interval and by drillhole vs. depth. The scatter plots typically indicate that Batholith and shaft alignment rocks are low permeability (geometric mean 10-8m/s), with highest hydraulic conductivities near-surface and decreasing hydraulic conductivity with depth below top of bedrock.

MR/cg/co

n:\active\2007\1118\07-1118-0020 aurelian-ecuador\phase 2200 conveyor and ramp investigation\reports\appendices\appendix b\02- 0711180020appb2_draft.doc

*still falling**Assumed Value

***Extrapolated Value

From To From To Open Hole Interval Slug Pulse Step TestConstant

Rate Comments

1 Falling Head Test KG/AH 212.00 281.80 206.14 274.01 Conglomerate (Suarez) 21.16* 15.04*** √ -- -- -- 28-Mar-08 5.1E-08 -- -- --

2 Falling Head Test KG/AH 271.70 321.50 264.19 312.62 Andesite (Mihuahalli) 18.78*** 15.66 √ -- -- -- 29-Mar-08 1.0E-08 -- -- --3 Falling Head Test KG/AH 321.05 403.85 312.18 392.69 Andesite (Mihuahalli) 8.59*** 6.6E+00 √ -- -- -- 30-Apr-08 6.0E-09 -- -- --4 Falling Head Test KG/AH 212.00 513.65 206.14 499.46 Andesite (Mihuahalli) 11.14 N/A √ -- -- -- 1-Apr-08 4.9E-09 -- -- -- Open hole test5 Falling Head Test KG/AH 236.25 550.25 229.72 535.05 Andesite (Mihuahalli) 20.80 26.40*** √ -- -- -- 2-Apr-08 5.1E-09 -- -- --

1 Falling Head Test KG 32.20 67.15 27.54 57.44 Laterite/Saprock/Corestones 33.37*** 25.73*** √ -- -- -- 8-Apr-08 7.3E-08 -- -- --2 Falling Head Test KG 63.85 140.65 54.62 120.31 Batholith 33.67 30.51* √ -- -- -- 11-Apr-08 7.8E-09 -- -- --3 Falling Head Test CP/CH 141.55 200.35 121.08 171.37 Batholith 34.82 30.04 √ -- -- -- 19-Apr-08 7.6E-08 -- -- --4 Water Level Check CP/CH 279.05 352.85 199.52 283.81 Batholith 0.08 1.83 -- -- -- -- 19-Apr-08 -- -- -- -- Water level check5 Falling Head Test CP/CH 279.05 353.85 252.91 320.70 Batholith 3.75 4.07 √ -- -- -- 21-Apr-08 4.0E-07 -- -- --6 Falling Head Test CP/CH 225.05 353.85 203.96 320.70 Batholith 6.68 6.72 √ -- -- -- 21-Apr-08 1.3E-07 -- -- --

GBC-08-01 CP-08-228 58.8

Hydraulic Conductivity in m/s

Thiem / Dupuit Aqtesolve FlowDim

Packer Inflation Pressure

(psi)Hvorslev

Comment on TestTest #Inclination

at Collar mbgs

Downhole DepthInterval

Tester

True DepthInterval Static Water Level

(mbgs)

76.5

GolderName

Test TypeTest DateAurelian

Name (mbgs)Geology of Interval

TABLE B2 AURELIAN PROJECTSUMMARY OF HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY TEST RESULTS

GS-08-01 CP-08-222

SHAFT AND RAMP CONVEYOR DRILLHOLES

March 2008Table B2 PACKER TEST RESULTS MAIN TABLE 14.12.07.xls 07-1118-0020Golder Associates Limited

Transmissivity (T) vs. Depth (m bgs)by Borehole

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1.0E-07 1.0E-06 1.0E-05 1.0E-04

Transmissivity (m2/s)

Dep

th (m

bgs

)

GS-08-01

GBC-08-01

Hydraulic Conductivity (K) vs. Depth (m bgs)by Borehole

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1.0E-10 1.0E-09 1.0E-08 1.0E-07 1.0E-06Hydraulic Conductivity (m/s)

Dep

th (m

bgs

)

GS-08-01

GBC-08-01

Hydraulic Conductivity (K) vs. ElevationShaft Borehole

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600


Elev

atio

n (m

etre

s ab

ove

sea

leve

l

GS-08-01 or CP-08-222

Ground Surface

Fruta Andesite - no data, drilling carried out before Golder team on-site

Saprolite and weathered rock

Suarez Conglomerate

Mishahuahalli Andesite

The water level hydraulic and conductivity testing monitoring for Fruta del Norte Project in Ecuador

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Transcript of The water level hydraulic and conductivity testing monitoring for Fruta del Norte Project in Ecuador