“The US Role in Global Population-Environmental Links” AAAS Annual Meeting.
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Transcript of “The US Role in Global Population-Environmental Links” AAAS Annual Meeting.
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“The US Role in Global Population-Environmental Links”
AAAS Annual Meeting
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I. US role in global context (high population growth and resource use)
II. Key US population factors and environmental impacts
III. US population/RH trends IV. New research on env/pop as tool to
address issues
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Global population and environmental changes are occurring in fundamentally different ways than ever before in history
• 60% of earth’s ecosystems transformed, mainly from human activity
(UN Millennium Ecosystem Assessment)
• More people on earth than ever before (LDCs, urban, young, aging)
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Plays out differently in various world areas:• Local village/community level• National/country level *• Global level
*US case – Combination of high population growth and resource consumption
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The US Role in the Global Context
• Disproportionate 5% of world population, consuming over 25% natural resources
• US is the largest, fastest growing of the industrialized nations
• Only one experiencing significant population growth
• Combination (high population growth and high per capita resource use) results in biggest environmental footprint globally
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US Population Factors Linked to Environment
• Population size and growth rate
• Distribution
• Composition (age, income, etc.)
• Households (number, size, land)
• Per-Capita consumption of natural resources
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HouseholdsThree way impact:
• Decrease in number of people per household (increase in number of houses)
• Increase in average house size
• Increase in land area around homes
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Key US Population Trends Linked to Environment
• Rural to urban
• Past hundred years - largest population increase (doubled since 1950)
• Density doubled
• Shifts to South and West
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• “Metropolitanization”/ sprawl
• Over 51% live in coastal areas, on 1/5 land area
• Population-Environment “Hot Spots”- Coastal ecosystems in South;- Water issues in West (largest and fastest growing US regions)
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Main US Population-Environment Linkages
• Land Use: each American uses 20% more land for multiples uses than 20 years ago.
• Water: US is top ten in world use per capita, uses 3 times world average
- 40-50% rivers/lakes too polluted for swimming/fishing
- 53% wetlands lost from development or agriculture use
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• Forests: US is largest worldconsumer of forest products
• Biodiversity: 6,700 plant and animal species at risk from extinction in US, mainly from habitat loss.
-Half US land no longer supports original vegetation; sixth mass extinction, first time attributed
to humans
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• Energy: 5% population, 25% energy consumed; highest world oil consumer; transportation fastest growing energy use sector
• Climate Change: 2nd largest CO2 emitter; 25% of world emissions; temperature increases of 5-9 F in 100 years/SLR and severe weather in coasts (NH=NC)
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• Fisheries: 30% of US coastal fish populations overfished; one third of all US lakes, quarter of rivers, two thirds of the coastline’s fish under advisory from mercury; third of US freshwater animal species “at risk”
• Waste: Each American produces 5 times average of developing nations per capita
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US Population
• 3rd largest country in world
• Largest and fastest growing of all industrialized nations (add 7,200 day)
- 1/3 immigration- 2/3 natural increase*
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Addressing US Population – RH Trends
• Nearly half of pregnancies in US are unintended (at least 38% of pregnancies in every US state are unintended).
• The rate has increased substantially among poor and low-income women, while declining among higher-income women.
• Most unintended pregnancies (95%) due to women using contraception inconsistently, incorrectly, or not at all for a month or more during the year .
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Nearly half of pregnancies in the United States are unintended
Unintended: occur earlier than desired,
29%
Intended, 51%
Unintended: occur after
women have reached their desired family
size,20%
Source: Guttmacher Institute 2011
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Most unintended pregnancies occur when women fail to use contraceptives or use their
method inconsistently
3.1 million unintended pregnancies,by women's contraceptive use during month of
conception
Consistent use, method
failed,5%
Inconsistent or incorrect use,
43%
Nonuse,52%
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What do Americans/environmentalists think about population?
New Survey/polling research (Americans for UNFPA)
• Best entry point: women’s empowerment• New constituency: concerned about
environmental degradation, believe population/consumption = negative env. impact
• Contraception can make a big difference in slowing population growth
• Environmentalists ready to discuss population and favor addressing it through voluntary access to contraception
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Current Status = Future Status?on US/Global “RH, development,
environment issues”
I. Choice: Reproductive health and sustainable consumption
- Youth key
II. Access: Need to have universal access to good quality reproductive health
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Socolow/Pacala’s “stabilization wedge” to reduce CO2 emissions. Population stabilization can be 1-2 wedges.
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What Works, What’s Possible
• Interdisciplinary, science-based solutions
• Women/girl-centered approaches - Impacts, solutions (voice, leadership)- Different DC/LDC
• US roles and responsibilities (US leadership in funding and support RH; girls/women’s empowerment/opportunities; education; environmental sustainability US and globally)
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