THE UNION DISSOLVES CHAPTER 8, SECTION 3. MAIN IDEA All attempts at compromise between the North &...
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Transcript of THE UNION DISSOLVES CHAPTER 8, SECTION 3. MAIN IDEA All attempts at compromise between the North &...
Chapter 14, Section 4
The Union DissolvesChapter 8, Section 3Main IdeaAll attempts at compromise between the North & South failed. Miserably.
The outcome of the Election of 1860 triggers secession and the first shots of the Civil WarSetting the StageRepublicans denounce John Brown as a vigilante
Southerners blame the Republicans for John Browns raid at Harpers FerrySouth: If John Brown opposes slavery, and the Republicans oppose slavery, then they worked together (a + b = c??)Atlanta Newspaper anyone who doesnt believe African slavery is a blessing is an enemy to the institution of the South
The Democrats SplitNorthern Dems support popular sovereigntySouthern Dems uphold Dred Scott decision create a federal slave code for territories
Northern Dems nominated Stephen Douglas
Southern Dems nominated John C. BreckenridgeCurrent V.P.; agreed to endorse federal slave code
Split in Democrats greatly improved Republican chances of winning the PresidencySouthern radicals hoped Republicans won so the South would secede
Constitutional Union PartyMany former Whigs were alarmed at the rising danger to the Union
Nominated John BellFormer Tennessee Senator
Platform uphold the Constitution AND the UnionAppease both North & Southor they had no backboneAbraham Lincoln is NominatedRepublicans had to sweep all Northern states to win the presidencyLincoln VERY popular after Lincoln-Douglas debates
CampaignJohn Brown was mindless murdererSouthern states had right to preserve slavery Transcontinental RR!!Higher tariffs (remember these?)Election of 1860Democratic vote was split (obvi.)Douglas least amount of electoral votes but 2nd most popular votesBreckenridge 2nd most electoral votes
Lincoln won w/ 180 electoral votes Most popular votes (40%)Won every Northern state outright exceptNew Jersey North voted Rep.; South voted Dem.Secession BeginsSoutherners Lincolns election was a victory for abolitionistsBelieved secession was only way to save the Southa tradition of American RevolutionSouth Carolina 1st to secede on February 1, 1861Remaining Lower South soon followed Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, & Texas
Secession states seized all federal property within their borders mints, forts, & arsenalsOnly Fort Sumter (S.C.) & Fort Pickens (FL) remained under Federal control
Crittendens CompromiseMany members of Congress were still willing to compromise to avoid civil war
John J. Crittenden (KY) proposed amendments to ConstitutionGuarantee slavery where it already existedReinstate Missouri Compromise line (3630) extended to California border
Lincoln asked Republicans to stand firmCompromise voted down
Born in the C.S.ASecession states hold a convention & declare themselves the Confederate States of AmericaElected Jefferson Davis as 1st PresidentFormer senator from MississippiInaugural address declared desire for warDrafted a constitution based on US butGuaranteed slavery in Confederate territoryBanned importation of slaves from another countriesNo protective tariffsPresidency= single, 6-year term
Lincolns Inaugural AddressRepeated commitment not to interfere w/ slavery in the South
Intended to occupy & possess all federal property in the rebelling states
Continued to enforce federal laws & deliver mail
Hoped for a peaceful resolution, but would not accept the southern states seceding
Fort Sumter FallsLincoln informed the South that he was preparing to resupply Fort Sumter by shipJefferson Davis planned to capture the fort before the resupply ships came & demanded its surrender Forts commander, Major Robert Anderson, refused
April 12, 1861 Confederates bombarded the fort for 33 hours until Union forces finally surrenderedNo one was killed
The Civil War had begun
This Means WarNORTH:News of attack stirs widespread nationalismLincoln asked for 75,000 volunteers More men turned out than could be equippedSOUTH:News of attack stirs widespread nationalismDavis asked for 100,000 volunteers
Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, & Arkansas also secedeUpper South did not want to leave Union, but did not want to fight their Lower South brethren
Hanging onto: MarylandIf Maryland seceded Washington DC would be surrounded by Confederate territory
Baltimore, MD pro-secession mobs attacked federal troops
Lincoln imposed martial law on stateMilitary-controlled govt limited civil rightsSecessionists could be arrested & held w/o trial
Maryland never seceded
Hanging Onto: KentuckyKentucky divided over secedingOhio River = strategically important
Sept. 1861 Confederate occupation angered many KentuckiansOfficially remained neutral throughout war
Pro-Confederate Kentuckians form a rival govt & vote to secedeCapital Bowling GreenHanging Onto: MissouriMost citizens are pro-Confederacy
State convention unanimously votes AGAINST secessionViolent struggle broke out between convention delegates & pro-secession forcesLincoln sent in federal troops & preserved Missouri for the Union
Lincoln willing to take constitutional risks to save the UnionSee: Maryland, martial law