The Sun Closest star to Earth Yellow star Medium in size compared to the other stars About 4.6...
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Transcript of The Sun Closest star to Earth Yellow star Medium in size compared to the other stars About 4.6...
SOLAR SYSTEM
The Sun Closest star to Earth Yellow star Medium in size compared to the other
stars About 4.6 billion years old More than 1 million Earths could fit
inside it Central body of our solar system Main source of energy for Earth Essential to life on this planet
Energy from the Sun Made mostly of hydrogen and helium
The Sun’s energy comes from nuclear fusion Nuclear fusion – changes hydrogen to helium
Only one-fourth as dense as Earth (Earth is a rocky planet)
Temperature on surface is 5,500 degrees Celsius (9,932 Fahrenheit)
Temperature at the core about 15,000,000 degrees Celsius
The Sun’s Effect on Earth’sEnergy
Sun is the main source of energy on Earth
Solar radiation provides heat to keep Earth warm and livable
Ocean and atmosphere help moderate temperatures
The Sun’s Effect on EarthFood
Photosynthesis – plants use sunlight to produce food (producers)
When a consumer eats a plant the energy is transferred to the animal
The sun is the energy source for nearly all living things
The Sun’s Effect on EarthWinds
Winds form because of the sun
Winds blow from regions of high air pressure to low air pressure
Differences in air pressure form because of the Sun’s uneven heating of Earth’s surface
The Sun’s Effect on EarthWater Cycle
Drives the water cycle
Causes water on Earth’s surface to evaporate
Life Cycle of a Star Nebula - All stars start from
enormous rotating clouds of dust and gasses – mostly hydrogen
Protostar – the nebula collapses into a very dense mass
Main-Sequence Star – When a newly formed star stabilizes, this stage can last billions of years, our Sun is in this stage
Life Cycle of a Star
Red Giant – the outer part expands while the core contracts, becomes very bright but cools
Planetary Nebula – the outer layers are released
White Dwarf – over a long period of time the star shrinks, there is no fuel left in its core
Black Dwarf – remaining heat radiates into space until it fades to a black dwarf
Life Cycle of a Star
Planets – large bodies that orbit the Sun
Galaxy – a huge system of gas, dust and stars Our solar system is a very small
part of a much larger system called the Milky Way galaxy
Moons Moon – a natural satellite orbiting around
another body in space About 140 moons in our solar system Earth’s Moon
Diameter of 3,476 km – four times smaller than Earth
Rotates on an axis and revolves around Earth One month for the Moon to make a complete
rotation Reflects the light from the sun Phases are produced by the alignment of the
Moon and the Sun in the sky.
Phases of the Moon
Asteroids Relatively small, rocky object
that orbits the sun Most orbit in a band called the
asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter
Comets A small, orbiting body made of dust, ice, and
frozen gases. When a comet approaches the sun, frozen
solids vaporize Gases and dust are released, producing a
glowing region called a coma Charged particles push out of the coma,
producing a glowing tail Some comets can take 30 million years to orbit
the Sun
Meteoroids/Meteors Meteoroids – bits of rock or metal
that orbit the sun Meteor – a meteoroid that enters
Earth’s atmosphere and is heated by friction with the air For a few moments, they burn as they
fall, appearing as streaks of light against the sky
Also called falling/shooting stars
Inner Planets Mercury
Closest to sun, extremely hot (800 degrees) and cold (-343 degrees)
Cratered surface due to collisions with asteroids
Venus Second planet from the sun Covered by thick, poisonous clouds Pressure would crush your bones Almost the same size as Earth Temperatures hot enough to melt lead
Inner Planets Earth
Only planet known to have liquid water
Largest inner planet Mars
Red planet, may have once had liquid water
Inner Planets
Photo from Mars Rover
Mercury
Mars
VenusEarth
Outer Planets Jupiter
Fifth planet from the sun One of the brightest object in the sky Winds can reach up to 400mph Famous for its Great Red Spot – storm
system Has many moons and rings
Saturn Sixth planet from the sun Known for its rings – made mostly of ice
particles Least dense - Saturn would float in water
Jupiter
Saturn
Outer Planets Uranus
Seventh plant from the sun Has at least 27 moons and 11 rings
Neptune Eighth planet Winds can reach 1,500 mph At least 11 moons
Pluto Classified as a dwarf planet in 2006 3 moons
Gravity Gravitation is an attractive force
between objects that have mass It is weak unless the masses involved
are very large (like Earth) Gravity causes objects to speed up
as they fall Acceleration due to gravity at Earth’s
surface is about 9.8 meters per second per second
Air resistance, or drag, will slow a falling object
Planets Orbiting the Sun
Just like we are pulled to Earth because it has a greater mass than us – The sun has a greater mass than the Earth which pulls the planet keeping it in orbit around it
Astronomers
Astronomer – a scientist who studies outer space
Famous Astronomers Copernicus – reasoned that the sun is at the center of the solar system
Galileo – the first person to use a telescope