Energy and power part II. prefixes PrefixSymbolFactorNumberNameScale (distances) TeraT10 12...
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Transcript of Energy and power part II. prefixes PrefixSymbolFactorNumberNameScale (distances) TeraT10 12...
![Page 1: Energy and power part II. prefixes PrefixSymbolFactorNumberNameScale (distances) TeraT10 12 1,000,000,000,000trillionDistance to closest star GigaG10.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dac5503460f94a9ae2f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Energy and powerpart II
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prefixesPrefix Symbol Factor Number Name Scale (distances)
Tera T 1012 1,000,000,000,000 trillion Distance to closest star
Giga G 109 1,000,000,000 billion distance from earth to Sun
Mega M 106 1,000,000 million earth-moon radius
kilo k 103 1,000 thousand distance across campus
100 1 height of a human
centi c 10-2 0.01 hundredth A bee
mili m 10-3 0.001 thousandth Thickness of fingernail
micro mu 10-6 0.000 001 millionth diameter of blood cells
nano n 10-9 0.000 000 001 billionth wavelength of visible light
pico p 10-12 0.000 000 000 001 trillionth Helium atom (31 pm)
femto f 10-15 0.000 000 000 000 001 quadrillionth Size of proton
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A MWh is a unit of:
A) Charge
B) Energy
C) Current
D) Power
E) Cost
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I burn 2000 light bulbs for 10 hours. How much does this cost? ($0.10/kWh)
A) $0.20
B) $2.00
C) $20.00
D) $200.00
E) $2000.00
Cost of energy
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Cost of energy
I burn 2000 light bulbs for 10 hours. How much does this cost? ($0.10/kWh)
A) $0.20
B) $2.00
C) $20.00
D) $200.00
E) $2000.00
Flourescent lights = about 4x more efficient!Flourescent lights = about 4x more efficient!That’s why CU uses flourescent lights instead That’s why CU uses flourescent lights instead
of incandescent bulbs!of incandescent bulbs!
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Cost of electricity
fuel market cost cost per kWh (1000 Cal)
cost if converted to
electricity
coal $40 per ton 0.4¢ 1.2¢
natural gas $10 per million cubic feet
3¢ 9¢
gasoline $3 per gallon 9¢ 27¢
electricity $0.10 per kWh 10¢ 10¢
car battery $50 to buy battery
21¢ 21¢
computer battery
$100 to buy battery
$4.00 $4.00
AAA battery $1.50 per battery
$1000.00 $1000.00
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Energy unitsenergy unit definition and equivalent
calorie (lowercase) heats 1 gram of water by 1 C
Calorie (capitalized), the food calorie, also called kilocalorie
heats 1 kg of water by 1 C1 Calorie = 4182 joules ≈ 4 kJ
joule 1/4182 Calories≈ Energy to lift 1 kg by 10 cm≈ Energy to lift 1 lb by 9 in
kilojoule 1000 joules = ¼ Calorie
megajoule 1000 kilojoules = 106 joulescosts about 5 cents from electric utility
kWh (kilowatt-hour) 861 Calories ≈ 1000 Calories = 3.6 megajoulescosts 10 cents from electric utility
BTU British Thermal Unit1 BTU = 1055 joules ≈ 1 kJ = ¼ Calorie
Quad A quadrillion BTUs = 1015 BTU = 1018 JTotal US energy use ≈ 100 quads per year;
total world use is ≈ 400 quads per year
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Power
Is a MegaWatt a lot?
A) A horse can output about a MW
B) A Ferrari could output a MW at peak acceleration
C) That’s about the entire power output of the sun
D) A nuclear power plant produces about a MW
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Power
Is a MegaWatt a lot?A) A horse can output about a MW – 1 kW
is about a hp (+34%)B) A Ferrari could output a MW at peak
acceleration – 750 kW max…C) That’s about the entire power output of
the sun – 173,000 TW hits the earthD) A nuclear power plant produces about a
MW – about a GW
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value equivalent example of that much power use
1 watt 1 joule per second flashlight
100 watts bright light bulb;heat from a sitting human
1 horsepower (1 hp) ≈ 1 kilowatt typical horse (for extended time)human running fast up flight of stairs
1 kilowatt (1 kW) ≈ 1 hp small house (not including heat);power in 1 square meter of sunlight
100 horsepower ≈ 100 kW small automobile
1 megawatt (MW) 1 million (106) watts electric power for a small town
45 megawatts 747 airplane;small power plant
1 gigawatt = 1 GW 1 billion (109) watts
large coal, gas, or nuclear power plant
400 gigawatt= 0.4 terawatts
average electric power use US
2 terawatts = 2 x1012 watts average electric power for World
Power examples
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Solar power
1 square meter
1 kilowatt of sunlight150 – 400 watts electric using solar cells
1 square kilometer
1 Gigawatt of sunlight150 – 400 Megawatts electric
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Fossils
Levels (amount in ground):Coal: 4.4 TboeOil: 1.2 TboeNatural gas: 1.2 Tboe
Flows (daily production):Coal: 52 Mboe/dayOil: 84 Mboe/dayNatural gas: 19 Mboe/day
Years of production left (using current #s most optimistic):Coal: 231 417 yearsOil: 39 43 yearsNatural gas: 173 167 years
In 2008, the U.S. energy use was:84% fossils9% Nuclear7% Renewables
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Extra clickers…
Didn’t get to these 31 Aug 2010
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In Chapter 1, “smart rock” refers to:
A) a kind of low-calorie food
B) the asteroid that killed the dinosaurs
C) a method for shooting down missiles
D) uranium ore
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A disadvantage of hydrogen fuel is that:a) it contains less energy per pound than gasoline.b) it cannot be made into a liquid, even at low
temperature.c) it is highly poisonous and corrosive.d) it can’t be mined, but must be “manufactured.”