The Structure of an Atom
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Transcript of The Structure of an Atom
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PREPARED BY
LEKSHMI.S.GPHYSICAL SCIENCEREG NO: 13357003BNVCTE,THIRUVALLAM
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All matter is made up of atoms.Atoms of an element are identical.Each element has different atoms.Atoms can engage in a chemical reactions.Atoms can neither be created nor be destroyed.Atoms are indivisible.
Atomic Theory
John Dalton(1776-1884)
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atom has a positively charged central part (nucleus)
Electrons are distributed around nucleus
Mass of an atom is concentrated at nucleus.
Compared with total volume of an atom, the volume of nucleus is meager
Rutherford’s Atomic Model
Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937)
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Solar system Rutherford‘s atom model
Planetary model of atom
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Bohr's Model of the Atom
Niels Bohr
1913
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Bohr's Model of the Atom
electrons orbit the nucleus like planets orbit the sun
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Bohr's Model of the Atom
electrons fills the orbits closest to the nucleus
e.g. fluorine:#P = 9
#e- = 9
#N = 10
9P10N
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each orbit can hold a specific maximum number of electrons
Shell maximum no: of electrons
1 - K2 - L3 - M4 - N
Bohr's Model of the Atom
2
818
32
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Bohr’s Model
Nucleus
Electron
Orbit
Energy Levels
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What is the structure of an atom?
• Nucleus - center of the atomHome of Protons and NeutronsHas a positive charge• Proton
Has a relative mass of 1Has a positive (+) chargeDetermines the atomic numberFound inside the nucleus
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What is the structure of an atom?
• NeutronHas no (0) chargeHas a relative mass of 1Found inside the nucleus
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What is the structure of an atom?
• ElectronHas a negative (-) chargeFound outside the nucleus
• Rutherford atom model - electrons are around the nucleus
• Bohr model – electrons are in specific energy levels called shells
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How are p, n, e related?
• No: protons = No: electrons• No: protons = atomic number• No: protons + No:neutrons = mass number• No: neutrons=mass no: - atomic no:
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ATOMI C STRUCTUREATOMI C STRUCTURE
the number of protons in an atom
the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
HeHe22
44Atomic mass
Atomic number
number of electrons = number of protons
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