The sphere containing multi PMT’s: HV and discriminator board for each individual PMT

WP3 meeting Pylos 16-04-07

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Jelle Hogenbirk et al. electronic department

The sphere containing multi PMT’s: - HV and discriminator board for each individual PMT- Continuing tests 3.5 inch PMT specifications - Basin for testing half a sphere 16 PMT’s movable in water with a fixed photon source- Suspension/fixation of the 16 PMT’s in half a sphere

The DAQ system, especially:- Vertical cabling and suspension of spheres- First data transport tests over copper - Developments in the all optical readout system

Major external contacts:- Infineon VDSL 2 evaluation board set (on technical non disclosure base with NIKHEF)

- Interaction with the Technical University of Eindhoven- Interactions with ACREO (Sweden) developments of a poled fiber based modulator- Visiting C.I.P. about the feasibility of the “all optical” read out system especially custom integrated photonic circuits- Visiting Seacon Europe for the construction of the vertical line cabling

Progress of developments for KM3NeT @ the NIKHEF technical departmentssince the WP3 and WP4 meetings in Paris 09-11-06


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1. PMT data from sphere to shore (10 Gb/sec)

2. Detector control data from shore to sphere v.v. (100 Mb/sec??) compass, tilt, temperature, flow, salinity, acoustics, beacons ??

3. Communication for time calibration

4. Determine a different physical layer for emergency reset, a fallback channel, redundant control??

General KM3NeT data communication requirements ?


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C.I.P. Is a partner in European research programs on WDM-PON e.g. PIEMAN ~ Photonic Integrated Extended Metro and Access Network

low cost reliable

Many variations of the booming FTTH architecture


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vdsl2vdsl2

10kV/400VRef: Catania

400/48V

3GbpsLINE 1

apd

30:1

AD

M

1

1.. n 2.. n

logic

mux

vdsl2

48V/3.5

logic 1 .. 32 x

c

PMT

PMT

c

OM 1

<100Mbps

Vertical Cable VDSL2

Maincable

GPSrec.

Shore station

laser1..n

1

n

Clock

apd

clck-sc-cal.

data

GbECopper

Logics

CPUs

Power

apd

1:n

1.. n

branch equivalent

10kV

JB branch

AnchorsLINE 2..n

n = number of lines on 10kV branch (<60)

Branch cable: n x in one fibre, 1 x 10kV power line

m branches

Main cable: m fibres, 1 x 10kV power line

m = number of branches

vdsl2

General diagram photonic-copper mix

OM 2..30


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VDSL 2 CO (central office) VDSL 2 CPE (customer premises equipment)

Infineon VDSL2 evaluation boards

540 meter twisted pair18 x 30 meter


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time

ampl

itude

frequency

pow

er

4096 carriers

First VDSL 2 channel measurement


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General diagram “all optical”

GPSrec.

1 .. 16 x

Shore station

c

PMT

PMT

Optical module

c

laser1..n

2

n+1

1>2

1+2n+n+1

data

~30 x

Clock

apd

clck-sc-cal.

data

GbECopper

Logics

CPUs

Power

~16 x

Power

apd

Clockcal

½ns

serdes

Production modelIndependent manufacturing 365 lines?

Single Fibre

per line


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GPSrec.

1 .. 16 x

Shore station

c

PMT

PMT

Optical module or instrumentation

c

laser1..n

2

n+1

1 or1 + 2

n+n+1

SOA

data

~25 x

Clock

apd

clck-sc-cal.

data

GbECopper

Logics

CPUs

Power

~16 x

Power

apd

Clockcal

½ns

serdes

EAM

Production modelIndependent manufacturing 365 lines?

Single Fibreper line ?

200 optical channels in

1 fibre

possible

O/E process

Concentrated equipment on shore Distributed modules offshore

Line base

Suits well in the base line approach:Cost driven,Proven technology

Progress on the general diagram “all optical”


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Hit 1Hit 1

Hit 2

Two with overlap

Shower?

Late hit?

0

7

8

10

9

12

11

Single photon pulse : Typ 5 nsec (Min 2 nsec and 7 nsec post ampl.)

1 nsec

PM

T n

um

ber

time7 nsec

15

Random or first?

PMT outputs of a typical event in a multiple PMT OM~ 7ns

Time over threshold single photon pulse resourced by a 3.5 “ PMT


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From PMT’s

02 14515I0 I1 Ix

identifier

D D D D D D D D D D D

one optical pulse triggers the intrinsic part of the photo diode

serialized output after one optical trigger

electric output to optical modulator

CW + clk pulsefrom shore

3

Electronic-photonic front end

15

1,6 nsec <=> 3,2 nsec

5 4 3 2 1 0

Puls det&

gain flattening

~ 7ns

16 PMT’s and 4 identifiers => 20 data bits. Optical trigger repetition rate: 1,6 nsec <=> 3,2 nsec80 <=> 160 psec sample pulse width.If “D” delay 100 psec then the system adapts to10Gbit/secoptical transmission technology.

e.g. every 2 nsec

I0 I1 Ix

Modulator, e/o and 2R or

3R ?unit


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Hit 1Hit 1

Hit 2

Late hit?PMT 2

PMT 5

2 nsec

Readout pulses x + . . . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

PMT 1 2 3 4 5 . . . . . .

100 psec

1

2

3

4

5

PMT value readout method “all optical”

Re

ad

ou

t p

uls

es


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(metal-silicon-metal photo diode)

100 psec

Single Serial to parallel photonic chip

Optical trigger

e.g. signal from PMT circuitry


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GPS

Trigg.

de_serialize

line control

Calibration pulse

Computer system

Data buffer

readout clk 1,6 <=> 3,2 nsec

event time

o/e

The shore station transmits a calibration signal. The calibration signal is reflected by each optical module

to the shore station for signal propagation delay calculation.

zero supp . ?

e/o

Basic approach “head end”

TDC

Clkgen.

enable

event

timestampgeneration

data

PropagationCal. pulse


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BER: Bit Error Ratio or Bit Error Ratethe ratio of the number of bits received erroneously to the total number of bits transmitted.BER is limited by random noise and/or random jitter and is a statistical value

More detail: www. maxim-ic.com , app note: HFTA-010.0: Physical layer performance: testing bit error performance

Examples:10 Gb/sec transmission requirements specify a BER better than 10-12

Eye pattern

time jitter

nois

e jit

ter

Characterizing:Rise timesFall timesJitter at the middle of the crossing point of the eye overshootAnd many other numerical descriptions in order to compare devices.

Up to optical system simulation


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• CD chromatic dispersion

• PMD polarization mode dispersion

• Length 100km• Attenuation 0.2 db/km• Wavelength nom. 1550 nm• Bit rate 10 Gb/sec

Standard fibre types:SMF 128 dispersion 0 @ 1310 nm

SMF 652 B dispersion 0 @ 1310 nm

G 655 reduced dispersion @ 1550 nm

Scoop, visualizer

simulation setup for fibre specification

VIPsystems (virtual photonics industries)


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Optical output @ EAM => input for the fibre types to be simulated

eye pattern and BER contourHighest BER 10-4

Lowest BER 10-30


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SMF 128 CD: 16.10-6 s/m2 (real world 16 ps/nm.km)


Lowest BER 10-5


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Antares / Nemo fibre G655 with CD: -3.1 10-6 s/m2


Lowest BER 10-30


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Antares fibre G 655 with PMD =< 0.08 ps/km-1/2 en CD: -3.1 ps/nmkm


Lowest BER 10-16


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In relation with today's developments for fibre to the curb or fibre to the homeFTTx

All copper in detector strings (risers)

Event time stamp locally at each detector floor

Moderate high speed data communication

Enlarged local electronics off shore

Store and forward data communication

Joined power and data transport

All fibre in detector strings (risers)

Event time stamp on shore

Very high speed data communication

minimized local electronics off shore

Real time data communication (optical channels)

Power and data transport separated

Fibre network for data communication over a long distance based on optical channels includes “optical addressing”

KM3NeT DAQ vertical cabling solutions


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Prospects

All copper in detector strings (risers)

Event time stamp locally at each detector floor

Moderate high speed data communication

More local electronics off shore

Store and forward data communication

Power and data can be transport united

All fibre in detector strings (risers)

Event time stamp on shore

Very high speed data communication

Less local electronics off shore

Real time data communication (optical channels)

Power and data transport separated

Costs relay on:• primary hardware • power needs • reliability• open system• construction • test benches• deployment• ease of mass production

The sphere containing multi PMT’s: HV and discriminator board for each individual PMT

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