The Skeletal System - Mrs. Lipsdaniellelipsashs.weebly.com/.../ppt4.pectoral_girdle.pdf · 2019. 9....
Transcript of The Skeletal System - Mrs. Lipsdaniellelipsashs.weebly.com/.../ppt4.pectoral_girdle.pdf · 2019. 9....
THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
Focus on the Pectoral Girdle
Appendicular Skeleton
126 bones
Includes
bones of the limbs (arms and legs)
Pectoral girdle (shoulder)
Pelvic girdle (hip)
Allows free movement of upper limb
few ligaments = loose attachment = large range of motion
Downside; Easily dislocated
Consists of two bones
1. clavicle (collarbone)
2. scapula (shoulder blade)
Pectoral Girdle (the shoulder)
The Clavicle (“little key”; collarbone)
Acts as a brace to hold the arm
away from the thoracic cage
Helps prevent shoulder dislocation
Structures to know:
Sternoclavicular joint – where the
clavicle meets the sternum
Acromioclavicular joint – where the
clavicle meets the scapula
Right Pectoral Girdle - Anterior
clavicle
scapula
Acromioclavicular joint
Sternoclavicular joint
Right Pectoral Girdle -Posterior
The Scapula (“little shovel”)
Anatomy:
Flattened body
Spine (posterior surface)
Supraspinous fossa – shallow depression above the spine
Infraspinous fossa – shallow depression below the spine
Subscapular fossa (anterior surface)
The Scapula (“little shovel”)
Anatomy continued:
Acromion process = enlarged end of the spine
articulates with the clavicle to form the acromioclavicular joint
Coracoid process = “beak” like process
Points over the top of the shoulder and anchors arm muscles
Suprascapular notch = nerve passageway (suprascapular nerve)
Glenoid fossa (cavity) = shallow socket that receives the
head of the arm
In greek “glene” (socket)
Right Scapula – posterior aspect
Medial border
Lateral border
spine
Suprascapular notch
Coracoid process
acromion Superior border
Glenoid Fossa Supraspinous fossa
Infraspinous fossa
Right Scapula – anterior aspect
Medial border Lateral border
Glenoid Cavity
Suprascapular notch
Coracoid process
acromion
Superior angle
subscapular fossa
Inferior Angle
Appendicular Sketches
I. Scapula
Anterior view
Posterior view
Lateral View
LABEL ALL STRUCTURES LISTED IN NOTES
Spine, acromion, coracoid process, infraspinous/supraspinous
fossa, subscapular fossa, glenoid fossa, suprascapular notch
Rotator Cuff Muscles
Anatomy in Clay…
Build a 3D model of a right scapula
Use the models at the front of the room and on the skeletons as reference
Your scapula model should have the following: Show your teacher when you are finished
Spine, supraspinous and infraspinous fossa
Acromion
Coracoid process
Medial, lateral, superior and inferior borders
Suprascapular notch
Glenoid cavity
THE UPPER LIMB
Bones of the Upper limbs
30 separate bones in each
upper limb
Arm, forearm, hand
The Humerus (arm)
The humerus – single typical long bone of the upper arm
Articulates proximally with scapula and clavicle and distally with radius and ulna
Proximal Features:
Head – fits into glenoid cavity of scapula
Greater and lesser tubercles – two bony projections lateral to the head
Separated by the intertubercular sulcus
Anatomical neck – slight constriction just inferior to the head
Surgical neck – most frequently fractured part of the humerus
The Humerus (arm)
head
Greater tubercle
Lesser tubercle
Intertubercular Sulcus
Anatomical
Neck Surgical
Neck
The Humerus (arm)
Features of the Diaphysis:
Deltoid tuberosity – attachment of deltoid (shoulder) muscle
Radial groove – where the radial nerve rests
The Humerus (arm)
head
Greater tubercle
Lesser tubercle
Intertubercular Sulcus
Anatomical
Neck Surgical
Neck
Deltoid tuberosity Deltoid tuberosity
Radial Groove
Greater tubercle
The Humerus (arm)
Distal features:
Epicondyles (protrusions): medial and lateral
Olecranon fossa: posterior pocket; “funny bone”
Coronoid fossa: anterior pocket
Trochlea: (medial) articulates with trochlear notch of the ulna.
Capitulum: (lateral) articulates with head of the radius
The Humerus (arm)
head
Greater tubercle
Lesser tubercle
Intertubercular Sulcus
Anatomical
Neck Surgical
Neck
Deltoid tuberosity Deltoid tuberosity
Radial Groove
trochlea capitulum
Coronoid fossa
Olecranon fossa
Medial
Epicondyle Lateral Epicondyle
Radial fossa
Greater tubercle
Lateral ridge
Medial ridge
Appendicular Sketches
I. Scapula
II. Humerus
Anterior view
Posterior view
LABEL ALL STRUCTURES LISTED IN NOTES
Head, neck, greater/lesser tubercles, deltoid tuberosity, radial
groove, olecranon fossa, coronoid fossa, medial/lateral
epicondyles, trochlea, capitulum
The forearm
Consists of two bones
1. Radius = lateral bone when in anatomical position
2. Ulna = medial bone when in anatomical position
Radioulnar joints = site of articulation of radius and ulna
Two bones are connected along their entire length by interosseous membrane
Structures to know: radial tuberosity, styloid process, coronoid
process, olecranon process, trochlear notch
Radius
Ulna
Interosseous membrane
Trochlear Notch
Olecranon Process
Coronoid Process
Proximal Radioulnar joint
Distal Radioulnar joint
Styloid Process (ulna) Styloid Process (radius)
Radial tuberosity
neck
head
Appendicular Sketches
I. Scapula (3: anterior, posterior, lateral)
II. Humerus (2: anterior and posterior)
III. Radius and Ulna (1; anterior)
Anterior view
LABEL ALL STRUCTURES LISTED IN NOTES
The Hand
Wrist (carpals) = 8 short bones
Scaphoid, capitate, trapezium, trapezoid, lunate, pisiform, hamate, triquetrum
Palm (metacarpals) = 5 long bones
Numbered 1(thumb) to 5 (pinky)
Fingers (phalanges)= long bones
Each finger has 3 phalanges
Thumb has 2 phalanges
Phalanges
Metacarpals
Carpals
Ulna Radius
trapezium
trapezoid
scaphoid
capitate
hamate
pisiform
triquetrum
lunate
distal
middle
proximal
Appendicular Sketches
I. Scapula (3: anterior, posterior and lateral)
II. Humerus (2: anterior and posterior)
III. Radius and Ulna (1; anterior)
IV. Hand (1; anterior)
Anterior view
LABEL ALL STRUCTURES LISTED IN NOTES
Grab a chromebook and research the origin of the names of
the 8 carpal bones – add this information to your sketch book
Sketches
1. Scapula (3; anterior, posterior and lateral)
Label: acromion, coracoid process, spine, infraspinous, supraspinous and subscapular fossa, medial lateral and superior borders, glenoid cavity, suprascapular notch
2. Humerus (2: anterior AND posterior)
Label: head, surgical neck, anatomical neck, greater and lesser tubercles, intertubercular sulcus, radial groove, deltoid tuberosity, capitulum, trochlea, medial and lateral epicondyles, olecranon and coronoid fossa
3. Radius and Ulna (1: anterior)
Label:
Hand (1: anterior)
Label: