The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together...

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The Skeletal System

Transcript of The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together...

Page 1: The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

The Skeletal System

Page 2: The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

Joints

• Articulations of bones

• Functions of joints– Hold bones together– Allow for mobility

• Ways joints are classified– Functionally– Structurally

Page 3: The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

Functional Classification of Joints

• Synarthroses– Immovable joints

• Amphiarthroses– Slightly moveable joints

• Diarthroses– Freely moveable joints

Page 4: The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

Structural Classification of Joints

• Fibrous joints– Generally immovable

• Cartilaginous joints– Immovable or slightly moveable

• Synovial joints– Freely moveable

Page 5: The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

Summary of Joint Classes

[Insert Table 5.3 here]

Table 5.3

Page 6: The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

Fibrous Joints

• Bones united by fibrous tissue

• Example:– Sutures– Syndesmoses

• Allows more movement than sutures• Example: Distal end of tibia and fibula

Page 7: The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

Fibrous Joints

Figure 5.28a–b

Page 8: The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

Cartilaginous Joints

• Bones connected by cartilage

• Example:– Pubic symphysis– Intervertebral joints

Page 9: The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

Cartilaginous Joints

Figure 5.28c–e

Page 10: The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

Synovial Joints

• Articulating bones are separated by a joint cavity

• Synovial fluid is found in the joint cavity

Page 11: The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

Synovial Joints

Figure 5.28f–h

Page 12: The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

Features of Synovial Joints

• Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage) covers the ends of bones

• A fibrous articular capsule encloses joint surfaces

• A joint cavity is filled with synovial fluid

• Ligaments reinforce the joint

Page 13: The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

Structures Associated with the Synovial Joint

• Bursae—flattened fibrous sacs– Lined with synovial membranes– Filled with synovial fluid– Not actually part of the joint

• Tendon sheath– Elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon

Page 14: The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

The Synovial Joint

Figure 5.29

Page 15: The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

Types of Synovial Joints

Figure 5.30a–c

Page 16: The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

Types of Synovial Joints

Figure 5.30d–f

Page 17: The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

Inflammatory Conditions Associated with Joints

• Bursitis—inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a blow or friction

• Tendonitis—inflammation of tendon sheaths

• Arthritis—inflammatory or degenerative diseases of joints– Over 100 different types– The most widespread crippling disease in the

United States

Page 18: The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

Clinical Forms of Arthritis

• Osteoarthritis– Most common chronic arthritis– Probably related to normal aging processes

• Rheumatoid arthritis– An autoimmune disease—the immune system

attacks the joints– Symptoms begin with bilateral inflammation of

certain joints– Often leads to deformities

Page 19: The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

Clinical Forms of Arthritis

• Gouty arthritis– Inflammation of joints is caused by a

deposition of uric acid crystals from the blood– Can usually be controlled with diet

Page 20: The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

Developmental Aspects of the Skeletal System

• At birth, the skull bones are incomplete

• Bones are joined by fibrous membranes called fontanels

• Fontanels are completely replaced with bone within two years after birth

Page 21: The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

Ossification Centers in a 12-week-old Fetus

Figure 5.32

Page 22: The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

Skeletal Changes Throughout Life

• Fetus– Long bones are formed of hyaline cartilage– Flat bones begin as fibrous membranes– Flat and long bone models are converted to

bone

• Birth– Fontanels remain until around age 2

Page 23: The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

Skeletal Changes Throughout Life

• Adolescence– Epiphyseal plates become ossified and long bone

growth ends

• Size of cranium in relationship to body– 2 years old—skull is larger in proportion to the

body compared to that of an adult– 8 or 9 years old—skull is near adult size and

proportion– Between ages 6 and 11, the face grows out from

the skull

Page 24: The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

Skeletal Changes Throughout Life

Figure 5.33a

Page 25: The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

Skeletal Changes Throughout Life

Figure 5.33b

Page 26: The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

Skeletal Changes Throughout Life

• Curvatures of the spine– Primary curvatures are present at birth and

are convex posteriorly – Secondary curvatures are associated with a

child’s later development and are convex anteriorly

– Abnormal spinal curvatures (scoliosis and lordosis) are often congenital

Page 27: The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

Skeletal Changes Throughout Life

Figure 5.16

Page 28: The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

Skeletal Changes Throughout Life

• Osteoporosis– Bone-thinning disease afflicting

• 50% of women over age 65 • 20% of men over age 70

– Disease makes bones fragile and bones can easily fracture

– Vertebral collapse results in kyphosis (also known as dowager’s hump)

– Estrogen aids in health and normal density of a female skeleton

Page 29: The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

Skeletal Changes Throughout Life

Figure 5.35


Joints and Articulations - Weeblydrmanatomy.weebly.com/.../5/4/7/15477822/8_-_joints_and_articulati… · Joints and Articulations Dr. Gary Mumaugh . Joints (Articulations) ... •

Joints and Articulations - Weeblydrmanatomy.weebly.com/.../5/4/7/15477822/8_-_joints_and_articulati… · Joints and Articulations Dr. Gary Mumaugh . Joints (Articulations) ... •

Joints (Articulations)

Joints (Articulations)

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Section 1: Joint Design and Movement Articulations (joints) Where two bones interconnect Bones are relatively inflexible.

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Section 1: Joint Design and Movement Articulations (joints) Where two bones interconnect Bones are relatively inflexible.

Articulations Anatomy and Physiology. I. Classification of joints Articulation – point where 2 bones meet (joint) Joints are classified according to amount.

Articulations Anatomy and Physiology. I. Classification of joints Articulation – point where 2 bones meet (joint) Joints are classified according to amount.

Joints. Articulations Articulations (joints) are places where two or more separate bones in the body meet Bones will endure extreme friction if they rub.

Joints. Articulations Articulations (joints) are places where two or more separate bones in the body meet Bones will endure extreme friction if they rub.

Articulations and Joints

Articulations and Joints

Joints (Articulations) Functions of joints Classifying Joints: Functional or Structural Naming Movements of Bones Around Joints Types of Joints Based on.

Joints (Articulations) Functions of joints Classifying Joints: Functional or Structural Naming Movements of Bones Around Joints Types of Joints Based on.

Chapter 8 Articulations and Movement. Articulations or Joints Articulation or Joint –Place where two bones come together –Freely moveable to limited to.

Chapter 8 Articulations and Movement. Articulations or Joints Articulation or Joint –Place where two bones come together –Freely moveable to limited to.

Joints Chapter 8. Joints (Articulations) Articulation—site where two or more bones meet Functions of joints: – Give skeleton mobility – Hold skeleton.

Joints Chapter 8. Joints (Articulations) Articulation—site where two or more bones meet Functions of joints: – Give skeleton mobility – Hold skeleton.

Joints Come in Many Types. Joints (Articulations) Functions of joints Classifying Joints: Functional or Structural Naming Movements of Bones Around Joints.

Joints Come in Many Types. Joints (Articulations) Functions of joints Classifying Joints: Functional or Structural Naming Movements of Bones Around Joints.

Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Articulations of bones Functions of joints ◦ All joints hold bones together ◦ Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified ◦ Functionally ◦ Structurally.

Articulations of bones Functions of joints ◦ All joints hold bones together ◦ Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified ◦ Functionally ◦ Structurally.

Buy your lab coat and gloves!. Chapter 9 Joints = Articulations Where ANY bones come together.

Buy your lab coat and gloves!. Chapter 9 Joints = Articulations Where ANY bones come together.

Joints Articulations Where 2 or more bones connect.

Joints Articulations Where 2 or more bones connect.

Joints or Articulations

Joints or Articulations

Ch 9 Joints- Articulations -between bones, cartilage and bones, or teeth and bones.

Ch 9 Joints- Articulations -between bones, cartilage and bones, or teeth and bones.

The Skeletal System Joints. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints Hold bones together Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified.

The Skeletal System Joints. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints Hold bones together Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified.

Joints. Articulations of bones Functions of joints Hold bones together Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified Functionally Structurally.

Joints. Articulations of bones Functions of joints Hold bones together Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified Functionally Structurally.

CHAPTER 7 Joints. articulations Joints (or articulations) Where two or more bones meet Functions: movement, hold skeleton together Classified by structure.

CHAPTER 7 Joints. articulations Joints (or articulations) Where two or more bones meet Functions: movement, hold skeleton together Classified by structure.

JOINTS Chapter 9. Introduction Joints or articulations are sites where two or more bones meet Joints have two fundamental functions: –provide for skeletal.

JOINTS Chapter 9. Introduction Joints or articulations are sites where two or more bones meet Joints have two fundamental functions: –provide for skeletal.