The Roman Empire. Why are the Romans so famous? They had a huge empire… 3 continents That empire...
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Transcript of The Roman Empire. Why are the Romans so famous? They had a huge empire… 3 continents That empire...
Why are the Romans so famous?
They had a huge empire… 3 continents That empire achieved many things and
influenced later kingdoms and countries. Influential leaders Achievements in architecture, building
science, engineering, law. They were sports enthusiasts. They created a base language that created
5 different languages Christianity was born during this time.
What do we want to learn?
The geography of Italy. How Rome gains control of 3
continents How did the Roman Empire rise and
decline. What were the achievements of the
Roman culture.
Where is Rome?
It is in Italy Italy is bordered by
three islands and seas It has a Mediterranean
climate It is surrounded by
mountains There are 3-4 groups
of people who lived in Ancient Italy
How they ruled:
At first, they had republic Romans were made up of two groups Patricians were upper class
landowners. Plebeians were the working class.
How the Republic worked:
Two Consuls or top gov’t officials A Senate of elected patricians as a
lawmaking body. Praetors were judges Romans were ruled by a dictator in
times of war. Plebeians had the Council of Plebs,
a representative body that could veto laws
Roman Law
The most important laws were called The Twelve Tables
The tables were shown in the forum, or marketplace
“innocent until proven guilty” The law applies to everyone or “rule
of law” Juris Civilis Corpus- Body of Civil Law
Bellringer:
Look at your worksheet from yesterday entitled “ the Roman Republic”. Think about how our government is designed
How does our government look like the government of the Roman Republic? Provide 3 examples.
Bellringer
Name a problem that the United States is dealing with as a government right now.
Do you know how the problem started? If so, tell why.
What about the Roman Army?
The army divided into groups of 5,000 or legions.
All men had to serve at least 2-4 years but most members were volunteer.
How did Rome gain land?
By slowly conquering land around Italy.
The 1st and 2nd Punic Wars allowed Rome to defeat the city of Carthage and gain control of Africa and the Mediterranean Sea
The Rise and Death of Julius Caesar
Caesar was a general in the army in charge of Gaul (France)
He was part of the First Triumvirate or political alliance of 3 people.
The triumvirate consisted of Crassus, Pompey, and Caesar.
When Crassus died, Pompey and Caesar’s armies battled for power.
Caesar defeated Pompey’s armies
How he was killed
Caesar wanted to become dictator and abolish the republic
His best friends decided to kill him before he declared himself “First Princeps” or First Citizen
The Early Empire Started with Caesar
Augustus Was Julius Caesar’s
adopted son He defeated Mark
Antony for power He was born and
raised Octavian He changed his name
when he became emperor
The name Augustus means “majestic one”
What is the Pax Romana?
It means Roman Peace For 250 years, Rome did not fight a
war. So, for that period of time, the
Romans created a vast trade network, built a lot of stuff, and created new ideas.
Good Emperors and Bad Emperors
Good Emperors expanded the empire and created many things Hadrian- built a wall and the Pantheon Trajan- improved education Antonius Pius Marcus Aurelius
The Bad
Nero- persecuted Christians Caligula- crazy enough that the
Praetorian Guard killed him and put Claudias in charge
Bellringer
The fall of the Roman Empire started 200 years before its collapse. Read the opening paragraph on page
318. By reading this paragraph, identify major
problems the Romans encountered years before its collapse.
What do you predict will be the causes of the collapse of the Roman Empire?
Why did Rome Fall? Worksheet that focuses on the decline of
the Roman Empire. Political- problems in the government Social- problems that exist among citizen. Economic- affects the way they produce
goods and services (jobs, trade, taxes) Military- affects the army and their ability to
fight.
Bellringer 1/19/11
Pg 320 Define the word “reform”. Describe two ways a government
might try to reform. Name two ways Diocletian tried to
reform the Roman Empire.
Why Did Empire Decline?
Political Problems Poor leadership Talented people refusing to serve in
government Wealthy people stopped paying taxes
Social Problems
More slaves as a labor force Lack of education The Romans became a lazy group of
people
Economic Problems
Soldiers seized crops and a famine started
Romans bought fewer goods People lost jobs Inflation- the rising of prices High taxes
Military
Workers leaving to serve in the army Army leader fought each other for
power Small invasions by rivals, the Romans
lost some of their land. The army couldn’t afford to pay
soldiers
Diocletian and Constantine
Diocletian divided the Empire into 4 parts
Help the economy by controlling wages and inflation
Constantine moved the capital to Constantinople
Theodosius
Tried to end fighting among the Romans
split the empire into two areas Western Roman Empire- capital was
Rome Eastern Roman Empire- capital was
Constantinople
Invasion
The Huns invaded Eastern European side of the empire
Germanic tribes like Franks, anglos, saxons, Vandals and Ostrogoths took over Northern Europe
The Visogoths took over Rome The Empire fell in about 476 a.d.
Roman Culture Roman Architecture
The Romans constructed domes They used Greek style columns in their buildings They built porches in from of their homes http://buildings.greatbuildings.com/Pantheon.ht
ml
http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Roman_Colosseum.html
http://www.panoramas.dk/7-wonders/colosseum.html
Engineering The arch was used
as support for buildings
They were the first to use concrete
They designed the aqueduct
The coloseum was the first sports arena
Literature
They wrote satires or plays that poked fun of people
They wrote odes or poems that express strong emotions about life
Copied the style of Greek writers Famous writers: Virgil, Horace, Livy Latin became a standard language for
literature