World History Chapter 13. Most people were peasants After the Roman Empire fell, Visigoths,...
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Transcript of World History Chapter 13. Most people were peasants After the Roman Empire fell, Visigoths,...
Medieval EuropeWorld History
Chapter 13
Beginning of the Middle (Ages) Most people were peasants After the Roman Empire fell, Visigoths, Vandals,
Burgunds, and Ostrogoths built small kingdoms and plundered Europe
Franks settle in Gaul (called themselves the Merovingians)
Pepin II made office; his son, Charles Martel defeated the invasion of the Spanish Moors
Pepin’s other son, Charlemagne, became King of the Franks; defeated the Moors and expanded control
Pope names Charlemagne as the successor to the Roman Empire
England William the Conqueror made each
feudal lord to swear allegiance to him (laying the foundation for centralized gov’ts)
William’s son, Henry I, created the first treasurer (called Exchequer)
Henry II created the first grand jury Henry II tried to increase power by
forcing the Archbishop of Canterbury (Thomas Becket) to move to a royal court; he refused and was killed
England, continued… Henry II’s son, King John, created
a riot by forcing nobles to pay taxes
He was forced to sign the Magna Carta which gave rights to the nobles
Magna Carta became basis for democracy in England
Nobles revolted on King Henry III in 1260
The Parliament King Henry III
created a Parliament that included middle class, nobles, and clergy
Parliament contains two houses:1. Upper house –
House of Lords2. Lower house –
House of Commons
France Last Carolingian
king dies in France so the Capetian kings take over
Began to unite separate provinces under one rule
Only the oldest son of a ruler would inherit the throne to keep unity
The Pope Problems Pope ruled the Papal
states in Italy In 936, Otto the Great
unified the kingdoms in Germany
The Pope crowned Otto the King of the Romans
Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV conflicted because Henry wanted to appoint the bishops
Pope Gregory excommunicated Henry for it
Pope continued… Frederick Barbosa
ruled Germany from 1152 to 1190
Barbosa wanted to capture the rich states of Lombardy in northern Italy
Aided by the Pope, they formed the Lombard League and beat back Barbosa
Vikings Most feared invaders
came from Scandinavia
Also called Danes, Northmen, and Norse
Had sails and oars Sailed coasts & rivers
of Germany, France, Iceland, Greenland, and North America
Savage, cruel, plundered
Viking ship
Feudalism Feudalism – political system where kings (or
nobles) grant lands to nobles for loyalty, troops, and services
Lord – person who grants the land Vassal – person who held the land Fief – when you grant land overtime (becomes
hereditary) Manor – large estate (big house) in feudalism Serfs – most peasants on a manor were called
this; provided labor services, paid rents, and were subject to the lords control; legally bound to a lord’s land
Structure of Feudalism
A Serf’s Life Boys: uneducated, worked all the time,
no fun Girls: married by 13, pregnant all their
lives, died at an early age Pregnancy led to early deaths of mothers Alcoholics High infant mortality rate; Low life
expectancy Low nutrition levels; bad diets; poor
sanitation
A Serf’s Life
Feudal Trials Knights – wore iron suits; fought with a code
among knights called chivalry Feudal Trials: 3 types
1. Trial by battle (duel)2. Trial by oath (court)3. Trial by ordeal (torture)
Sacraments – a religious ceremony, blessing, or rite that a priest would perform
Monasticism – a way of life that was used in convents and monasteries; it means they ignored the outside world and focused on religion
Chain mail
Trial by Oath & Trial by Ordeal
Study for your TEST!