The Role of Governance in Rangeland Management …...2016/12/05 · Rangeland Management in Jordan...

The Role of Governance in

Rangeland Management in

Jordan Institutional and organisational causes for the

degradation of the Jordanian rangeland

Sönke Marahrens (M.Sc.)

05.12.2016

supported by:

Outline

1. Introduction

2. Rangeland in Jordan

3. Objective

4. Methods

5. Results

6. Conclusion

7. To do

05.12.2016 The Role of Governance in Rangeland Management in Jordan Sönke Marahrens

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1. Introduction

• Poor in natural resources

• Arid to semi-arid climate zone

• Jordan as part of the “Fertile Crescent”

• Degradation of rangeland as potential conflict intensifier

• Governance as important aspect of management, especially for common-pool resources

The Role of Governance in Rangeland Management in Jordan Sönke Marahrens

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1. Introduction

• Common-pool resources


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Feasibility No feasibility

Rivalry Private good

Common-pool good

No rivalry

Club good

Public good

Feasibility of exclusion

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Types of resources (Source: Ostrom, V. and Ostrom, E. (1999) Public goods and public choices, in: McGinnis, M.D. (ed): Polycentricity and local public economies: Readings from the Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, pp. 75-103, adapted)


Definition:

“State land registered as range and other state land assigned for this purpose [and] the lands that are

registered in the name of the Treasury of the Kingdom and any other lands of the state where the average

annual rain fall is less than (200mm)” (Agricultural Law No. 13 of the Years 2015)


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Definition:





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Definition:





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Rainfall distribution in Jordan (Source: International Union For Conservation Of Nature (2015) Sustainable Dryland Landscapes Management: Mapping Rangeland in Jordan 2015, Amman, p.6.)

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© Sönke Marahrens


Significance of rangeland in Jordan:

• Around 200,000 inhabitants

• Provision of ecosystem services


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Supporting Services:

Nutrient cycling

Soil formation

Provisioning services:

Livestock products

Crops

Medicinal and herbal plants

Regulating services:

Groundwater replenishing

Rainwater catchment

Reduction of soil erosion

Carbon storage

Cultural services:

Hunting

Hiking

Bedouin culture

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Ecosystem services categorisation (Source: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) Ecosystems and human well-being: Synthesis, Washington, DC, Island Press, adapted)


Current condition:

• Decreasing number of range plants and wildlife

• Increasing areas of annual ranges instead of perennial ranges

• Soil erosion

• High water runoff, decreasing underground water levels

• Reduction of vegetation cover


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Direct causes for the degradation

• Overgrazing

• Inadequate cultivation patterns

• Etc.

Indirect causes for the degradation

• Governance


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3. Objective

What are the main causes at the institutional and organisational level of the governance of

rangeland in Jordan that impede a sustainable management of these areas?


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4. Methods

• Stakeholder analysis

• Semi-structured interviews with representatives of ministries, NGOs, research organisations and local communities

• Stakeholder workshop


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5. Results - Stakeholders Key players: • Ministry of Agriculture (Rangeland Department) • Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature (RSCN) • Hashemite Fund for the Development of Jordan Badia (HFDJB) • Ministry of Environment • Local communities Primary actors: • International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) • Ministry of Water and Irrigation • National Center for Agricultural Research and Extension (NCARE) Secondary actors: • Royal Botanic Garden of Jordan (RBG) • Universities Programs: • Badia Ecosystem and Livelihoods Project (BELP) • Badia Research Program • Badia Restoration Program


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5. Results - Policy

• General institutional and organisational (policy) assessment:

▫ Overlapping governmental authorities

▫ Lack of cooperation

Local communities do not participate

▫ Insufficient enforcement of laws

▫ Rangeland definition


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5. Results - Interests

• (Land use) Interests of stakeholders ▫ Socio-economic interests ▫ Nature protection interests ▫ Diverse interests

Potential conflicts about priorities Main differences with regard to irrigated

agriculture and cropping activities (and subsidies for fodder)

No explanation for lack of cooperation


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Excurse: Land tenure

• Private land (mulk)

• State land (miri)

• Land registered in the name of a governmental body

Legal situation differs much to the actual situation

Land tenure important aspect for management of common-pool resources


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5. Results – Land tenure

• Land tenure: ▫ In fact often open-access ▫ Strong tribes ▫ Right to use not clear Problem for potential exclusion of users Problem for investment

▫ Lack in enforcement of laws ▫ Overlapping authorities

Different solutions (private or state land)


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6. Conclusion

• (Land use) Interests of stakeholders not generally incompatible ▫ Main differences in irrigated agriculture and cropping

• Communication and coordination ▫ Lack of platform to discuss policies

• Land tenure ▫ Most important issue ▫ Current system not practicable ▫ Lack in enforcement

• Definition of rangeland ▫ Lack of widely accepted definition


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7. To do

• National Rangeland Committee

• Land use analysis

• Rangeland definition

• Land tenure


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Thank you for your attention!

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© Sönke Marahrens

The Role of Governance in Rangeland Management …...2016/12/05 · Rangeland Management in Jordan...

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