The Road to Revolution

The Road to RevolutionHow we got to be this crazy United States1Essential QuestionsHow did the relationship between Britain and the colonies fall apart? What motivates people to want to change their society? What influenced peoples political decisions in the time before the Revolutionary War? What influences peoples political decisions today? What similarities exist between the forces for change during the Revolutionary period and in our country today?

2Unit OverviewStudy of the events from the French and Indian war to the beginning of the American Revolution. This includes the various acts of Parliament, the Continental Congress and the writing of the Declaration of Independence.

3What is a revolution?Define in your own wordsList 5 ways people revolt against something they do not like.4Events Prior to the RevolutionFrench and Indian WarThe Acts of ParliamentSugarStampTownshendCoercive or IntolerableThe Actions of the ColonistsBoston MassacreBoston Tea PartyCommittees of CorrespondenceContinental Congress (first and second)

5French and Indian War

6Define these termsmilitia alliance cedeHow did the British gain French territory in North America?In the mid-1700s, both Britain and France claimed vast areas of land in North Americalands long settled by Native Americans. Because of their conflicting claims, Britain and France fought a deadly war with the future of much of North America at stake.

In the 1750s, the two sides fought in the Ohio River valley, the area between Lake Erie and the Ohio River.

The Virginia colonyalso claimed the land, andBritish settlers continuedto move west.France claimed theOhio River valley aspart of its territory.Why do you think this land was so important?

Write 5 sentences describing why you would want the land?11BritishFrench

Fort Necessity Fort Duquesne * George Washington * Delaware & Shawnee Indians

The Ohio Valley1754 The First ClashBen Franklin representatives from New England, NY, MD, PA

Albany Congress failed Iroquois broke off relations with Britain & threatened to trade with the French.1754 Albany Plan of UnionWould you have voted for the Albany Plan of Union?

Why or why not?14Gen. Edward Braddock evict the French from the OH Valley & Canada (Newfoundland & Nova Scotia) Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Valley, & Acadia. Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne by 1500 French and Indian forces.Only Br. Success expelled France from Louisiana. CAJUNS1755 Br. Decides to Eliminate Fr. Presence in No. Amer.Native American tribes exploited both sides! Lord LoudouinMarquis de Montcalm

1756 War Is Formally Declared!British

March in formation or bayonet charge. Br. officers wanted to take charge of colonials. Prima Donna Br. officers with servants & tea settings. Drills & tough discipline. Colonists should pay for their own defense. Indian-style guerilla tactics. Col. militias served under own captains. No mil. deference or protocols observed. Resistance to rising taxes. Casual, non-professionals.Methods ofFighting:MilitaryOrganization:MilitaryDiscipline:Finances:Demeanor:British-American Colonial TensionsColonials

Which side do you support?

What were three distinct differences between the British and the Colonists?18France --> lost her Canadian possessions, most of her empire in India, and claims to lands east of the Mississippi River.Spain --> got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to England.England --> got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance in India.1763 Treaty of Paris

North America in 1763Why did the colonists hate the PROCLAMATION LINE OF 1763?

Colonists were very upset

many had planned on moving to the west after the war to invest in land

21How did most colonists react to the Proclamation Line of 1763?

Many colonists ignored the order and moved across to the west of the mountains anyway

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King George III keeps 10,000 soldiers in the colonies after the war to enforce the proclamation line

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The QUARTERING ACT stated that colonists were required to give the British soldiers a place to stay and food to eat

24Would you have given up your house?

Describe how you would have stopped this25

Needed more money to pay for soldiers in America

England thought the colonies should pay for the soldiers protecting them, not the people of England

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The SUGAR ACT was a tax placed on sugar, molasses and other products shipped to the colonies

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The STAMP ACT said all legal documents must carry an official stamp showing that a tax had been paid

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Items required to have a stamp included: diplomas, contracts, wills, newspapers and even playing cards

30Why do you think the British taxed such simple products?

What should we tax more today?31

Colonial leaders protested and upset they cannot vote on members of Parliament

No taxation without representation they cried

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PROTESTING THE STAMP ACT33Define and Identify the followingWhat is a boycott?

Who were the Sons of Liberty?

How did they protest?34

THE SONS OF LIBERTY MEETING TO DISCUSS THE TAXES35

TOWNSHEND ACTS were a new set of taxes placed on imported products such as glass, paper, lead, paint and tea

36Answer and identifyWhat the writs of assistance?

Who was Samuel Adams? Why was he important?37Identify the following termsMassacre

Propaganda

How do we use these terms today?38In 1770, an angry crowd surrounded a group of soldiers in Boston.

Frightened, the soldiers fired, killing five people.

The Boston MassacreSpot the DifferenceWhat differences do you see between the next three slides?

Which side is shown as the aggressor in each one?40

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CRISPUS ATTUCKS was an African America who was the first killed at the Boston Massacre

44John Adams, a colonial leader, defended the soldiers, believing they should receive a fair trial. Still, the Boston Massacre became a rallying point for the colonists.Committees of CorrespondenceLeaders from different colonies began exchanging information and ideas, helping to unite the colonists against the British.Boston Tea PartyIn 1773, Parliament passed the Tea Act, sparking a new round of more intense protest from the colonists.

The Tea Act allowed the East India Company to send tea directly to the colonies, rather than having to first send it to Britain

On December 16, 1773 colonists dressed as Native Americans and went aboard one of the tea ships. They quietly dumped the tea in the harbor.

The dumped 342 chests of teas that night

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48How would you protest an unfair action of the government today?

What is the best way for a young person to get their voice heard in government?49Intolerable ActsKing Georges reactionClosed the port of BostonIncreased the powers of the royal governorAbolished the upper house of the Massachusetts legislatureCut the power of town meetingsStrengthened the Quartering ActFirst Continental CongressHeld in Philadelphia in September and October 1774.

Demanded the repeal of the Intolerable Acts

Declared that the colonies had a right to tax and govern themselves

Called for the training of militias

Called for a boycott of British goodsThe British responded to the colonists demands with force. On April 19, 1775, about 700 British troops marched toward Concord, where they believed minutemen were storing arms. Patriots lit a signal in a church steeple; then Paul Revere and William Dawes rode through the night to warn the minutemen.

LexingtonConcordMinutemen were waiting for British troops.The first shot, soon called the shot heard round the world, was fired. British troops opened fire, killing eight Americans.400 minutemen fought about 700 British troops.The British retreated toward Boston.About 300 British were killed by colonists firing from behind trees and fences.

The American Revolution had begun.