The road to revolution
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Transcript of The road to revolution
Chapter 4 Chapter 4 Separating from Separating from
BritainBritain1700-17751700-1775
The Colonists Consider New The Colonists Consider New IdeasIdeas
The The EnlightenmentEnlightenment First developed in the Scientific First developed in the Scientific
RevolutionRevolution Looking beyond religious authority to Looking beyond religious authority to
explain the world around us.explain the world around us. Use Reason to explain phenomenonUse Reason to explain phenomenon
CopernicusCopernicus GalileoGalileo Isaac NewtonIsaac Newton
The EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment
Examining laws about human natureExamining laws about human nature
John LockeJohn Locke Natural RightsNatural Rights make human world run make human world run
smoothlysmoothly LifeLife LibertyLiberty PropertyProperty
Social ContractSocial Contract
Idea of John LockeIdea of John Locke
People obey government if People obey government if Government promises to protect their Government promises to protect their natural rights.natural rights.
If government becomes tyrannical, the If government becomes tyrannical, the people no longer needed to obey it.people no longer needed to obey it.
Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin
Printer, scientist, Printer, scientist, inventor, writer, inventor, writer, statesman, and statesman, and diplomatdiplomat Renaissance ManRenaissance Man
InventedInvented BifocalsBifocals Metal stoveMetal stove Lighting rodLighting rod
Europe vs. AmericaEurope vs. America
Peasants in Europe were locked into Peasants in Europe were locked into traditional ways of thinkingtraditional ways of thinking Couldn’t’ read or writeCouldn’t’ read or write Little opportunity to improve their livesLittle opportunity to improve their lives
American farmers were educated American farmers were educated and received new ideas with and received new ideas with enthusiasmenthusiasm
Religious Feelings ReviveReligious Feelings Revive
Early 18Early 18thth century century
Puritan church was weakeningPuritan church was weakening
Freedom of worshipFreedom of worship ProsperityProsperity Material comfortMaterial comfort
Jonathan EdwardsJonathan Edwards From Northampton, From Northampton,
MassachusettsMassachusetts Declared people Declared people
needed to do more needed to do more than just go to than just go to church.church. Needed profound Needed profound
emotional experiences emotional experiences rather than intellectual rather than intellectual ones.ones.
Gave Rousing Gave Rousing Sermons across the Sermons across the colonies.colonies.
George WhitefieldGeorge Whitefield Preacher who was Preacher who was
a great actora great actor Played the role of Played the role of
God and the DevilGod and the Devil Drew very large Drew very large
crowds crowds Revival meetings Revival meetings
held outdoorsheld outdoors
Great AwakeningGreat Awakening Revival of religion in Revival of religion in
the colonies during the colonies during the 1740’s.the 1740’s.
Quaker RevivalQuaker Revival
During the 1750’s many Quakers During the 1750’s many Quakers concluded that slavery was wrong.concluded that slavery was wrong.
John WoolmanJohn Woolman Urged other Quakers to free their Urged other Quakers to free their
slaves.slaves. By the 1770’s most Quakers had freed By the 1770’s most Quakers had freed
their slaves.their slaves.
Witchcraft comes to an Witchcraft comes to an end.end.
500,000 people were killed in 500,000 people were killed in Europe accused of witchcraftEurope accused of witchcraft
The Enlightenment reduced The Enlightenment reduced superstitionsuperstition Salem Witch Trials in 1692 also Salem Witch Trials in 1692 also
reduced superstitionreduced superstition Increase Mather said accusations were Increase Mather said accusations were
“unbelievable”.“unbelievable”. 19 persons were killed during the Trials19 persons were killed during the Trials
Education System GrowsEducation System Grows
American Public is more literate than American Public is more literate than any in Europeany in Europe Puritans insisted people learn to read the Puritans insisted people learn to read the
Bible.Bible. Permanent settlements allowed school Permanent settlements allowed school
system to develop.system to develop. All towns with 50 families or more had to hire All towns with 50 families or more had to hire
a schoolmastera schoolmaster
Northern colonies had better literacy Northern colonies had better literacy rates.rates.
Early CollegesEarly Colleges
Harvard was first American CollegeHarvard was first American College
Trained ministersTrained ministers
Most college students were from Most college students were from wealthy families and did not go on to wealthy families and did not go on to church work.church work.
The Power of the The Power of the Printing PressPrinting Press
Poor Richard’s AlmanackPoor Richard’s Almanack Printed by Ben FranklinPrinted by Ben Franklin Offered adviceOffered advice Very popularVery popular
NewspapersNewspapers Helped spread news throughout the Helped spread news throughout the
coloniescolonies
Freedom of PressFreedom of Press
John Peter ZengerJohn Peter Zenger German immigrant who ran a German immigrant who ran a
newspapernewspaper Accused governor of rigging elections Accused governor of rigging elections
and taking bribes.and taking bribes. ProblemProblem
Common law states anyone critizing the Common law states anyone critizing the government is guilty of criminal libelgovernment is guilty of criminal libel
Libel-written statement that harms one’s Libel-written statement that harms one’s reputationreputation
Freedom of PressFreedom of Press
Andrew HamiltonAndrew Hamilton Zenger’s lawyerZenger’s lawyer The issue is whether or not the articles The issue is whether or not the articles
were true. If they are…no libel charges were true. If they are…no libel charges can be made.can be made.
People have the right to air grievances People have the right to air grievances against the government.against the government.
Hamilton wins the case and basis for Hamilton wins the case and basis for Freedom of Press is created.Freedom of Press is created.
The French and Indian The French and Indian WarWar
France and Britain do not get alongFrance and Britain do not get along Four Major ConflictsFour Major Conflicts
War of the League of Augsburg (1689-1697)War of the League of Augsburg (1689-1697) War to stop France’s Invasion of Italian City-StatesWar to stop France’s Invasion of Italian City-States Balance of Power-Balance of Power-
War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713)War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713) Spain’s king dies and France tries to take the throneSpain’s king dies and France tries to take the throne
War of Austrian Succession (1744-1748)War of Austrian Succession (1744-1748) War of the Hapsburgs in Spain and Austria.War of the Hapsburgs in Spain and Austria.
Seven Years War (French and Indian)Seven Years War (French and Indian)
French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War
CausesCauses French build series of Forts along St. French build series of Forts along St.
Lawrence River, and Lake Erie. Lawrence River, and Lake Erie. Also Build Fort Duquesne at the Also Build Fort Duquesne at the
confluenceconfluence of the Allegheny, of the Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio Rivers.Monongahela, and Ohio Rivers. Land claimed by Pennsylvania and Virginia.Land claimed by Pennsylvania and Virginia.
French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War
CausesCauses Ohio CompanyOhio Company
Formed by wealthy Virginia farmers to Formed by wealthy Virginia farmers to obtain lands beyond the Appalachian obtain lands beyond the Appalachian MountainsMountains
Hoping to make money by selling landsHoping to make money by selling lands Governor DinwiddieGovernor Dinwiddie
Joins the Ohio companyJoins the Ohio company Sends group of militiamen under command of Sends group of militiamen under command of
George Washington to spy on French George Washington to spy on French movements.movements.
French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War
Battle at Fort NecessityBattle at Fort Necessity Washington builds a stockade.Washington builds a stockade. French attackFrench attack
Outnumber Washington 700/400Outnumber Washington 700/400 Washington surrenders and returns to Washington surrenders and returns to
VirginiaVirginia French and Indian War BeginsFrench and Indian War Begins
French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War
Albany CongressAlbany Congress British Government wanted an alliance British Government wanted an alliance
with the Iroquois against the Frenchwith the Iroquois against the French The Iroquois said no. The Iroquois said no. They thought the French were stronger.They thought the French were stronger.
Franklin proposes a plan.Franklin proposes a plan. Colonial council to set up defenseColonial council to set up defense
Needed colonies approval…most said no.Needed colonies approval…most said no.
French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War
Battle at Fort DuquesneBattle at Fort Duquesne Dinwiddie asks Britain to send regular Dinwiddie asks Britain to send regular
troopstroops London sends 1400 men under command of London sends 1400 men under command of
Gen. BraddockGen. Braddock
Major attack planned to drive French Major attack planned to drive French out of Ohio Countryout of Ohio Country British Troops were slow and arrogantBritish Troops were slow and arrogant Washington warned of possible ambush.Washington warned of possible ambush.
French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War
Ambush 8 miles away from Fort Ambush 8 miles away from Fort DuquesneDuquesne British troops not used to frontier British troops not used to frontier
tactics. tactics. British loseBritish lose Braddock is killedBraddock is killed 1000 British casualties1000 British casualties
French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War
William Pitt arrivesWilliam Pitt arrives Promotes able junior officersPromotes able junior officers George Washington leads new attack on George Washington leads new attack on
Fort DuquesneFort Duquesne Renames it Fort PittRenames it Fort Pitt
French defeat at Quebec and French defeat at Quebec and MontrealMontreal French are defeated in the war.French are defeated in the war.
Treaty of Paris 1763Treaty of Paris 1763
Britain gets Florida from SpainBritain gets Florida from Spain Britain gets Canada and all land east Britain gets Canada and all land east
of the Mississippi from Franceof the Mississippi from France Except New OrleansExcept New Orleans
Spain gets LouisianaSpain gets Louisiana
Royal Proclamation of Royal Proclamation of 17631763
Made to try and stop colonists Made to try and stop colonists westward expansionwestward expansion Forbade colonials from settling west of Forbade colonials from settling west of
the Appalachian Mountains.the Appalachian Mountains. Colonists already west of line had to Colonists already west of line had to
move back east.move back east. This would make colonists easier to This would make colonists easier to
governgovern
Colonists are UpsetColonists are Upset
Proclamation Line means two Proclamation Line means two things:things:
1.1. British Government was insensitive to British Government was insensitive to colonists interestcolonists interest
2. Persuaded the colonists that British 2. Persuaded the colonists that British government could not enforce laws.government could not enforce laws.