The Road to Revolution
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Transcript of The Road to Revolution
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The Road to Revolution
1763 – 1775
Mr. Love
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The Deep Roots of Revolution
Insurrection of thought usually precedes insurrection of deed. Why?
America was a revolutionary force from the day of its discovery. Why?
Distance weakens authority; great distance weakens authority greatly. Why?
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Mercantilism
Basic Belief: Wealth is power Country’s economic wealth (& military
/political) can be measured by the amount of gold & silver in its treasury
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Mercantile Theory
Colonies: Regarded as existing first &
foremost to help the mother country. How? Expected to furnish products needed in
England & buy English goods. Like What? Discouraged from buying goods from other
countries. Why? Colonies were suppose to complement &
not compete with English industry. EG) do not make textiles in colonies.
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Navigation Laws 1st laws passed in 1650 Restricted commerce to & from the
colonies
Goal: Keep money within the empire bolstered British & colonial-merchant
marine
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Trading Goods
Goods sent directly to England where custom duties were collected
Some products like tobacco, were shipped to England & not to foreign markets. US had total monopoly on tobacco.
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Problems for the Colonies
No banks in colonies/ limited currency Bartering – little money in colonies Colonies started printing money & money
depreciated Parliament restrained colonies from printing
money – Currency Act
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Mercantilism
Provided profitable markets for English goods
Kept gold/silver within the empire
Goal: keep colonies economically dependent on England
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Merits v. Menace of Mercantilism
THE GOOD Laws laxly enforced Guaranteed markets Free military
protection
THE BAD Economic initiative
stifled Exploited by British
merchants Debasing to the
Americans Generous share of
profits
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Quote
“A wise owner does not disembowel or starve
the goose that lays the golden eggs.”
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Laws – 1763 & 1764 1763 – Prime Minister Grenville
enforced the Navigation Laws taxed the colonies to help deflect 1/3 of the
cost of protecting the colonies
1764 – Sugar Act: tariff on imported sugar (indirect tax)
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Laws - 1765
Quartering Act provide food & quarters for troops
Stamp Act: (direct tax) – stamped paper or affixed stamp certifying payment colonial cry, “no taxation without
representation”
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Stamp Act
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Stamp Act Congress 1765significance
1. 27 delegates from 9 colonies
2. Asked the king & parliament to repeal the act (ignored in England)
3. Brought together leaders from different colonies
4. Adopted a non-importation agreement against British goods (consumer boycott)
5. Led to violence by the Sons & Daughters of Liberty
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Sons & Daughters of Liberty Tarred & feathered violators of
nonimportation agreements Burned effigies, ransacked houses, etc. Officials stopped collecting the tax
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Why Repeal?1. Law was openly defied
2. British merchants demanded that parliament repeal it
Merchants, manufacturers, & shippers were losing money & jobs
3. Stamp Act repealed 1766
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Problems Began 1766 – Declaratory Act
Proclaimed that Parliament had the right to “bind” colonies in all cases whatsoever
1767 – Townsend Act: light import tax on glass, paper, & tea (indirect tax- paid at ports) used to pay salaries of Royal Governors Colonial smuggling increased
1768 – British troops sent to Boston (taunted by the colonials)
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Boston MassacreMarch 5, 1770
British troops kill 11 colonists Flames of discontent & resistance fanned by
Samuel Adams Organized local Committees of Correspondence Chief function was to spread propaganda
Creation of similar committees in all the colonies
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Boston Massacre
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British East India Company 1773 – given a monopoly on the American
tea business Cheaper tea but still with a tax (all colonists see is
the tax)
Boston Tea Party resulted
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Repressive Acts/Intolerable Acts
1774 – parliament passed a series of Repressive Acts – (Intolerable Acts) Boston harbor was closed until damages were
paid & order restored Restrictions placed on town meetings
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Quebec Act Accompanied Intolerable Acts
French were guaranteed their Catholic religion
No representative assembly or trial by jury Southern boundary extended to the Ohio
River
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Response: 1st Continental Congress
Philadelphia Intercolonial frictions reduced Declaration of rights issued
Appealed to the king & the British people
Called for a complete boycott of all British goods:
non-importation, non-exportation,
& non-consumption Still no genuine drive for independence
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The granting of some kind of home rule to the Americans might have prevented
rebellion
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Troops Sent 1775 – British commander sent troops to
Lexington & Concord Goal: seize stores of colonial gunpowder & get
Samuel Adams & John Hancock 8 Americans (minutemen) were killed at Lexington 70 British soldiers were killed at Concord
“The shot heard round the world” – Emerson – WAR!
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British Strengths
1. Larger population
2. Greater monetary wealth
3. Stronger naval power
4. Professional army
5. Hessians
6. American loyalists
7. Indian support
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British Weaknesses
1. Irish & French threat
2. Government confused/ inept
3. Whigs supported colonies
4.Military difficulties
5. Britain had to win
6. Problems of distance
7. American geographical expanse
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American Strengths
1. Outstanding leadership
2. French aid
3. European officers
4. Fighting defensively
5. Agricultural self-sustaining
6. Superior marksmen
7. Moral advantage
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American Weaknesses1. Badly organized
2. Sectional jealousy
3. Economic difficulties
4. Inflation
5. Desertions
6. Scant military supplies
7. Lack of manufactured goods
8. Unreliable militiamen
9. American profiteers