THE REIGN OF SULTAN HASHIM1885 - 1906

- Summaries of the previous topics

- Treaty of Protection 1888- Seizure of Limbang

SUMMARIES OF THE PREVIOUS TOPICS:- James Brooke came to Kuching in 1839, because

of Antimony.- Since he obtained the title of ‘Raja Of Sarawak’

in 1846, he controlled many Brunei territories on the Sarawak side.

- He died in 1868 and his nephew Charles Brooke became the new Raja.

- Charles Brooke obtained many territories from Sultan Abdul Momin. He also obtained the areas called Terusan and Limbang.

- British North Borneo Company was the company who controlled the land of Sabah.

THE REIGN OF SULTAN HASHIM

Background: He was one of the four Wazirs of Brunei.

His name was Pg. Temenggong Anak Hashim.

He became the 25th Sultan of Brunei in 1885.

He was known as Sultan Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin

He was the son of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II.

FURTHER LOSS OF TERRITORIES:

Sultan Hashim inherited a much smaller kingdom than was his father was sultan.

1885, Brunei was only the size of modern Brunei plus the Limbang and Pandaruan district.

In order to stop the British from taking more land by force, the Sultan ceded Terusan to Sarawak

FURTHER LOSS OF TERRITORIES

Question:Why Sultan Hashim cannot stop

Brooke’s and BNBC from taking Brunei territory?

Answer:Sultan Hashim could not stop British

from taking Brunei territories because, Brunei was not strong military power) enough to fight British.

TREATY OF PROTECTION 1888

Sultan Hashim appealed by letter to the British Crown

1887

1888

Sir Hugh Low sent from Perak to Brunei to negotiate a treaty, giving British protection

Treaty of Protection, 17th Sept 1888 • British status changed to British protectorate• Britain took over responsibility for Brunei’s external affairs• Brunei guaranteed protection against attacks• Sultan could not cede territory without British consent

THE TREATY OF PROTECTION 1888

Question:Explain why Sultan Hashim appealed to the British Crown?

Question:Explain why British responded Sultan Hashim letter?

Question:Discuss among your self, find the advantages and disadvantages of those term? State your answer on the paper for both Brunei and British.

TREATY OF PROTECTION 1888

Unfortunately, British considered Charles Brooke a British, so it did not stop him from seizing Limbang in 1890.

Brunei thought that Treaty of Protection would save it from foreign intervention, especially from CharlesBrooke.

Question:Why British did not take action when Brooke seize Limbang?

SEIZURE OF LIMBANGBRUNEI IN 1880

SEIZURE OF LIMBANGCharles Brooke interested to Limbang because it was the richest food-growing district of Brunei

He argued that Limbang was part of the land given to him in 1884 (Terusan treaty). Therefore Charles Brooke seized Limbang on 17 March 1890.SULTAN HASHIM

Sultan Hashim opposed Charles Brooke and protested to the British

government, because Limbang was the Kuripan land of Sultan Hashim

Noel Trevenan was sent to investigate the matter

Result:

SEIZURE OF LIMBANG

Question:

1. Why Charles Brooke interested to Limbang?2. Why Sultan Hashim strongly opposed

Charles Brooke seized of Limbang?3. How Noel Trevenan conduct his

investigation?4. Why Sultan Hashim objected the Noel

Trevenan findings?5. What British action toward this findings?

SEIZURE OF LIMBANGQuestion:

Using your understanding, illustrates how the investigation carry out?(use any method you like for example; use word, sentences or drawing)Trevenan asked the

opinionof 15 of the 33 local

chiefs.12 of the 15 local chiefs

said:

We are in favour ofjoining Sarawak

(underCharles Brooke)

Sultan Hashim objected to this because:

• It ignored the opinion of the chiefs who were not present • Those who were invited were Brooke’s supporters • Trevenan’s officials worked for Brooke

SEIZURE OF LIMBANG

Result:British Government:

British accepted Trevenan’s report and confirmed Charles Brooke’s annexation (takeover) of Limbang in July 1891.

Brunei Government:1. Sultan Hashim asked the British to honour the 1888 treaty of Protection. However, it

was not granted.2. Brunei lose Limbang in July 1891

DISTURBANCES IN BELAIT AND TUTONG

• Troubles in Belait and Tutong dated from

about 1895. • The main problem was heavy taxes imposed

by Tulin holders on people in both areas. Problems began when the people murdered the tax collectors

Sultan Hashim’s son-in-law tried to stop the trouble. He executed the rebels.

Charles Brooke took this opportunity to annex Belait and Tutong. He asked the Sultan tocede Belait and Tutong to him.The Sultan refused. Hence Belait and Tutong

remain part of Brunei

THE MC ARTHUR REPORT 1904

Sultan Hashim felt like the British were not protecting Brunei. He wrote to Sultan of Turkey to ask for help.This letter wasdiscovered by theBritish.

• British sent Malcolm McArthur to Brunei to check on problems there.

• McArthur saw the problems created by Charles Brooke

• McArthur recommended a new agreement to supplement the 1888 Treaty of Protection

• These agreements would help protect Brunei

SUPPLEMENTARY AGREEMENT 1905-1906

Supplementary Agreement signed on 31 December 1905 by Sultan Hashim and John Anderson

SUPPLEMENTARY AGREEMENT 1905-1906

Terms of Supplementary agreement:

Brunei accepted British Resident to advise on external and internal affairs (except matter relating to Islamic religion)