The Quest for High Yield Corn - Crop Physiology...
Transcript of The Quest for High Yield Corn - Crop Physiology...
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The Quest for High Yield Corn
Crop Physiology Laboratory Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-
Champaign
Farmer Research Summit UI Campus, Urbana, IL January 8, 2016
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Test Your Knowledge of High Yield Corn
• What factor has the biggest impact on Corn yield each year?
Weather
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Test Your Knowledge of High Yield Corn
• What is the record corn yield and what is the corn yield gap?
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The Corn Yield Gap • US average corn yield of about
170 bushels per acre • All 18 National Corn Growers Contest winners in 2015 exceeded 300 bushels, 5 exceeded 400 bushels
• New World Record of 532.0271 bushels per acre
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2015 NCGA Winners from Georgia • Irrigated 1st, Randy Dowdy @ 486.2
• Irrigated 2nd, Bridget Dowdy @ 477.1
• Irrigated 3rd, Dustin Dowdy @ 444.6
• No Till/Strip Till Irrigated 3rd, Kevin Dowdy @ 481.1
• A Non- Irrigated 1st, Michelle Dowdy @ 348.9
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2015 NCGA Winners from Indiana • AA Non- Irrigated 2nd, Kevin Kalb @
331.5
• AA No Till/Strip Till Non-Irrigated 1st, Jeannie Linneweber @ 318.9
• AA No Till/Strip Till Non-Irrigated 3rd, Robert Little @ 302.6
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Strategy for Winning the Corn Yield Contest
• Feed (better plant nutrition) and protect a much higher density of plants of the best ‘racehorse’ hybrids
• Make sure the crop is never stressed
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Quest for High Yield Corn
• Intelligent Intensification with the Seven Wonders of the Corn Yield World
• What management factors have the biggest impact on corn yield each year?
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Seven Wonders of the Corn Yield World
• Ranks those factors that each year can have a positive (and sometimes negative) impact on corn yield
• Gives each factor an average bushel per acre value
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Crucial Prerequisites, but not Yield Wonders
• Drainage
• Pest/Weed Control
• Proper soil pH & adequate levels of P and K based on soil tests
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70+ Weather
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
bu/acre Value Factor Rank
Seven Wonders of the Corn Yield World
Given key prerequisites
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Above Average Precipitation during June, 2015
Source: NOAA Midwestern Regional Climate Center
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2015 Illinois Weather Challenges
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2015 Experimental Weather Challenges
Tryston Beyrer PhD Student
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70 Nitrogen 70+ Weather
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
bu/acre Value Factor Rank
Seven Wonders of the Corn Yield World
Given key prerequisites
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Nitrogen Deficiency to the Row
180 lbs N preplant (Left) vs 180 lbs preplant + 80 lbs sidedress (Right)
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Growth Stage at Application Time Grain Yield
bushels acre–1
No Applied N 140 V2 203 V5 207 V12 208 R2 175 R5 149
Adding 60 lbs of N at Various Growth Stages
LSD 0.05 = 14 Average of two varieties and two years