The Purpose and Function The Purpose and Function of Airplane Partsof Airplane Parts

Warm-Up QuestionsWarm-Up Questions

CPS Questions 1-2 CPS Questions 1-2

Chapter 1, Lesson 3

Lesson OverviewLesson Overview

How the fuselage and wing shape correspond to an How the fuselage and wing shape correspond to an aircraft’s missionaircraft’s mission

The types, purpose, and function of airfoil designThe types, purpose, and function of airfoil design The role of stabilizers and ruddersThe role of stabilizers and rudders The positions of flaps, spoilers, and slats on an The positions of flaps, spoilers, and slats on an

aircraftaircraft How the airflow and airfoil affect flight movementHow the airflow and airfoil affect flight movement The purpose and function of propellers, turbines, The purpose and function of propellers, turbines,

ramjets, and rocket propulsion systemsramjets, and rocket propulsion systems

Chapter 1, Lesson 3

Quick WriteQuick Write

Write about another time in history when a Write about another time in history when a major event spurred technological progress, major event spurred technological progress,

and list three inventions that resulted.and list three inventions that resulted.

(Note to teacher: Use “Pick a Student” button in CPS) (Note to teacher: Use “Pick a Student” button in CPS)

Chapter 1, Lesson 3 Courtesy of NASA Langley Research Center (NASA-LaRC)

The FuselageThe Fuselage

The fuselage is the aircraft The fuselage is the aircraft bodybody

Fuselage vary in shape to Fuselage vary in shape to fit the missionfit the mission

Aircraft rotates around Aircraft rotates around center of gravity inside the center of gravity inside the fuselagefuselage

Fuselage must be strong Fuselage must be strong enough to withstand enough to withstand torquetorque

Chapter 1, Lesson 3Chapter 1, Lesson 3 Courtesy of USAF/CMSgt Gary Emery

Wing Position and PartsWing Position and Parts

Wing position Wing position depends on depends on aircraft’s missionaircraft’s mission

Main internal Main internal parts are spars, parts are spars, ribs and stringersribs and stringers

Fuel tanks usually Fuel tanks usually part of wingpart of wing

Chapter 1, Lesson 3Reproduced from US Department of Transportation/Federal Aviation Administration

Wing SizeWing Size

Glider travels slow and has high-aspect wing Glider travels slow and has high-aspect wing ratio and long wingspansratio and long wingspans

Glider wings elliptical shaped to reduce drag Glider wings elliptical shaped to reduce drag and result in long, slow flightand result in long, slow flight

Greater the aspect area the lower the Greater the aspect area the lower the induced drag and greater the liftinduced drag and greater the lift

F-16 and space shuttle have low-aspect ratio F-16 and space shuttle have low-aspect ratio wings wings

Chapter 1, Lesson 3

Wing AnglesWing Angles

Dihedral angles give Dihedral angles give aircraft roll stability aircraft roll stability and level flightand level flight

Large commercial Large commercial airliner wings have airliner wings have dihedral anglesdihedral angles

Fighter aircraft have Fighter aircraft have anhedral anglesanhedral angles

Chapter 1, Lesson 3 Modified from NASA/Glenn Research Center

Learning Check QuestionsLearning Check Questions

  

CPS Questions 3-4CPS Questions 3-4

Chapter 1, Lesson 3

Activity 1: All About WingsActivity 1: All About Wings

Complete the matching and short answer Complete the matching and short answer activities about wing types, sizes, positions, activities about wing types, sizes, positions, and angles and angles

Chapter 1, Lesson 3

Activity 2: Wing AreaActivity 2: Wing Area

Review the shapes of wing forms Review the shapes of wing forms Use geometry to calculate the area of Use geometry to calculate the area of each wing form presentedeach wing form presented

Chapter 1, Lesson 3

Airfoil CamberAirfoil Camber

The curve in an airfoil is the The curve in an airfoil is the cambercamber

In most airfoils the upper In most airfoils the upper surface curves more than the surface curves more than the lower surfacelower surface

Airfoil’s thickness is the Airfoil’s thickness is the maximum distance between maximum distance between the upper and lower wing the upper and lower wing surfacessurfaces

Chapter 1, Lesson 3Reproduced from US Department of Transportation/Federal Aviation Administration

Types, Purpose, and FunctionTypes, Purpose, and Function

Aircraft weight, speed, and Aircraft weight, speed, and purpose determine wing’s purpose determine wing’s shapeshape

Concave lower surfaces Concave lower surfaces produce greatest lift at low produce greatest lift at low speedsspeeds

Streamlined airfoils don’t Streamlined airfoils don’t create enough liftcreate enough lift

Teardrop shaped airfoils have Teardrop shaped airfoils have no lift at zero angle of attack no lift at zero angle of attack

Chapter 1, Lesson 3Reproduced from US Department of Transportation/Federal Aviation Administration

Activity 3: Activity 3: Airfoils and AirflowAirfoils and Airflow

Review the vocabulary on airfoil design Review the vocabulary on airfoil design and functionand function

Draw and label an airfoil shape to include Draw and label an airfoil shape to include a leading edge, trailing edge, camber, and a leading edge, trailing edge, camber, and an airfoil showing airflowan airfoil showing airflow

Chapter 1, Lesson 3

The Role of StabilizersThe Role of Stabilizers and Rudders and Rudders

Stabilizers keep aircraft stable so it Stabilizers keep aircraft stable so it can maintain straight flight pathcan maintain straight flight pathVertical stabilizer prevents the nose Vertical stabilizer prevents the nose of plane from roving side to sizeof plane from roving side to sizeHorizontal stabilizer keeps plane Horizontal stabilizer keeps plane from bobbing up and downfrom bobbing up and down

Chapter 1, Lesson 3Reproduced from US Department of Transportation/Federal Aviation Administration

The Role of Stabilizers The Role of Stabilizers and Rudders, cont.and Rudders, cont.

Rudder is fastened with hinges to back of vertical stabilizerRudder is fastened with hinges to back of vertical stabilizer Lets pilot steer the aircraft by moving the tail left and rightLets pilot steer the aircraft by moving the tail left and right Elevators are attached with hinges and direct the tail up or Elevators are attached with hinges and direct the tail up or

downdown Trim tabs are also attached by hinges—fine tune left-right and Trim tabs are also attached by hinges—fine tune left-right and

up-down movements up-down movements

Chapter 1, Lesson 3

The Positions of Flaps, The Positions of Flaps, Spoilers, and Slats on Aircraft Spoilers, and Slats on Aircraft

Flap is hinged device at wing’s Flap is hinged device at wing’s trailing edge that produces lifttrailing edge that produces lift

Spoiler is small, flat plate that Spoiler is small, flat plate that attaches the tops of wings; it attaches the tops of wings; it increases dragincreases drag

Slat is moveable, hinged parts that Slat is moveable, hinged parts that pivot down to generate more forcepivot down to generate more force

Chapter 1, Lesson 3Modified from NASA/Glenn Research Center

How the Airflow and Airfoil How the Airflow and Airfoil Affect Flight MovementAffect Flight Movement

Air flowing evenly along both sides Air flowing evenly along both sides of wing produces no lift at zero of wing produces no lift at zero angle of attackangle of attack

Airfoils that curve dramatically Airfoils that curve dramatically toward trailing edge produce a large toward trailing edge produce a large amount of liftamount of lift

Trailing edges determine whether Trailing edges determine whether airfoil can turn flow and cause liftairfoil can turn flow and cause lift

Flaps, spoilers, and slats let pilots Flaps, spoilers, and slats let pilots manipulate flow turningmanipulate flow turning

Chapter 1, Lesson 3Reproduced from NASA/Glenn Research Center

Chapter 1, Lesson 3

Learning Check QuestionsLearning Check Questions

  

CPS Questions 5-7CPS Questions 5-7

Activity 4: Activity 4: Airplane Parts and FunctionsAirplane Parts and Functions

Label the airplane parts Label the airplane parts Define their function in flightDefine their function in flight

Chapter 1, Lesson 3

The Purpose and Function of The Purpose and Function of Propulsion SystemsPropulsion Systems

Propulsion Systems provide aircraft’s thrust Propulsion Systems provide aircraft’s thrust to maintain forward movementto maintain forward movement

When aircraft is in straight and level flight, When aircraft is in straight and level flight, thrust must balance dragthrust must balance drag

When accelerating plane, thrust produced When accelerating plane, thrust produced must exceed dragmust exceed drag

Chapter 1, Lesson 3

PropellersPropellers

Attached to hub and Attached to hub and act like wingsact like wings

Subject to the same Subject to the same forces that an airfoil forces that an airfoil isis

Blades experience Blades experience low- and high-low- and high-pressure areas when pressure areas when producing liftproducing lift

Chapter 1, Lesson 3 Courtesy of USAF/SrA Laura Turne

Turbines Turbines or jet engines Turbines or jet engines

can fly at higher speeds can fly at higher speeds than propellersthan propellers

Turboprop is a turbine Turboprop is a turbine engine that turns a engine that turns a propellerpropeller

Gas turbines depend on Gas turbines depend on oxygen from surrounding oxygen from surrounding air for combustion air for combustion

Chapter 1, Lesson 3Courtesy of USAF/SSgt Benjamin Wilson

RamjetsRamjets

Lighter and simpler than turbojetsLighter and simpler than turbojets Combust fuel and derive thrust from hot Combust fuel and derive thrust from hot

exhaust accelerated through nozzleexhaust accelerated through nozzle Rely more on gas exit velocity than on Rely more on gas exit velocity than on

mass flow of gas through enginemass flow of gas through engine More efficient than other jet engines at More efficient than other jet engines at

supersonic speedssupersonic speeds

Chapter 1, Lesson 3

Rocket EnginesRocket Engines

Working fluid is hot Working fluid is hot rocket exhaustrocket exhaust

Carry their own oxygen Carry their own oxygen to mix with fuelto mix with fuel

Solid propellant is mixed Solid propellant is mixed but doesn’t burn until but doesn’t burn until ignited; can sit in ignited; can sit in storage for a long timestorage for a long time

Courtesy of NASA/USAFChapter 1, Lesson 3

Chapter 1, Lesson 3

Learning Check QuestionsLearning Check Questions

  

CPS Questions 8-9CPS Questions 8-9

Activity 5: Activity 5: Propulsion System PosterPropulsion System Poster

Create an informational poster of a propeller, Create an informational poster of a propeller, turbine, ramjet, or rocket propulsion systemturbine, ramjet, or rocket propulsion system

Conduct research on the NASA website and Conduct research on the NASA website and include at least one photograph or picture and include at least one photograph or picture and 3-4 distinguishing characteristics or functions 3-4 distinguishing characteristics or functions of the systemof the system

Chapter 1, Lesson 3

Activity 6: Activity 6: Flaps and Leading Edge SlatsFlaps and Leading Edge Slats

Identify different positions of aircraft Identify different positions of aircraft flaps and leading edge slats using flaps and leading edge slats using Microsoft Flight SimulatorMicrosoft Flight Simulator

Chapter 1, Lesson 3

SummarySummary

Chapter 1, Lesson 3

How the fuselage and wing shape correspond to an How the fuselage and wing shape correspond to an aircraft’s missionaircraft’s mission

The types, purpose, and function of airfoil designThe types, purpose, and function of airfoil design The role of stabilizers and ruddersThe role of stabilizers and rudders The positions of flaps, spoilers, and slats on an The positions of flaps, spoilers, and slats on an

aircraftaircraft How the airflow and airfoil affect flight movementHow the airflow and airfoil affect flight movement The purpose and function of propellers, turbines, The purpose and function of propellers, turbines,

ramjets, and rocket propulsion systemsramjets, and rocket propulsion systems

Chapter 1, Lesson 3

Review QuestionsReview Questions

  

CPS Questions 10-11CPS Questions 10-11

Next….Next….

Done – Done – the purpose and function the purpose and function of airplane partsof airplane parts

Next – aircraft motion and controlNext – aircraft motion and control

Chapter 1, Lesson 3 Courtesy of USAF