The Progressive EraThe Progressive Era

Objective: Identify progressive effort Objective: Identify progressive effort to reform state government, protect to reform state government, protect workers and reform electionsworkers and reform elections

The Origins of ProgressivismThe Origins of Progressivism

Four Goals of ProgressivismFour Goals of Progressivism• Protecting Social WelfareProtecting Social Welfare

• Promoting Moral ImprovementPromoting Moral Improvement

• Creating Economic ReformCreating Economic Reform

• Fostering EfficiencyFostering Efficiency

Protecting Social WelfareProtecting Social Welfare

The social gospel movement and The social gospel movement and settlement house movements aimed settlement house movements aimed to help the poor.to help the poor.

YMCA, Salvation ArmyYMCA, Salvation Army Florence Kelley- advocate for Florence Kelley- advocate for

improving the lives of women and improving the lives of women and childrenchildren

Promoting Moral ImprovementPromoting Moral Improvement

Prohibition- the banning of alcoholic Prohibition- the banning of alcoholic beveragesbeverages

Many reformers felt that alcohol was Many reformers felt that alcohol was undermining American Moralsundermining American Morals

Creating Economic ReformCreating Economic Reform

Muckrakers- Journalists who wrote Muckrakers- Journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of business about the corrupt side of business and public lifeand public life

Fostering EfficiencyFostering Efficiency

Many reformers wanted to create an Many reformers wanted to create an efficient workplace. Factories began efficient workplace. Factories began to break manufacturing tasks into to break manufacturing tasks into simpler tasks.simpler tasks.

Reform at the State LevelReform at the State Level

Reform Governors- Robert M. La Reform Governors- Robert M. La Follette, Governor of Wisconsin who Follette, Governor of Wisconsin who regulated big business.regulated big business.

Reformers worked to protect children Reformers worked to protect children workers. (Child Labor Committee)workers. (Child Labor Committee)

Reforming ElectionsReforming Elections

Initiative- a bill originated by the Initiative- a bill originated by the peoplepeople

Referendum- voting on the initiativeReferendum- voting on the initiative Recall- enables voters to remove Recall- enables voters to remove

public officials and force them to face public officials and force them to face another election.another election.

1717thth Amendment- Direct Election of Amendment- Direct Election of Senators Senators

Women in Public LifeWomen in Public Life

Objective: Describe the growing Objective: Describe the growing presence of women in the workforce presence of women in the workforce at the turn of the 20at the turn of the 20thth century. century.

Women in the WorkforceWomen in the Workforce

Before the Civil War most women Before the Civil War most women worked in the home.worked in the home.

After the Civil War the only families After the Civil War the only families that could afford to have the women that could afford to have the women stay home were middle and upper stay home were middle and upper class families.class families.

Women will begin to work on the Women will begin to work on the farm and in the factoriesfarm and in the factories

Women Lead ReformWomen Lead Reform

Many women begin attending women Many women begin attending women colleges. This gives women another colleges. This gives women another alternative to marriage. They can alternative to marriage. They can now provide for themselves.now provide for themselves.

Women and ReformWomen and Reform

NACW- National Association of NACW- National Association of Colored Women- Managed nurseries, Colored Women- Managed nurseries, reading rooms and kindergartensreading rooms and kindergartens

Susan B. AnthonySusan B. Anthony• Leader of women’s suffrage (the right to Leader of women’s suffrage (the right to

vote)vote)• Founded the NAWSA- National American Founded the NAWSA- National American

Women’s Suffrage AssociationWomen’s Suffrage Association

Teddy Roosevelt’s Square DealTeddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal

Objective: Explain how Roosevelt Objective: Explain how Roosevelt used the power of the presidency to used the power of the presidency to regulate business.regulate business.

Teddy RooseveltTeddy Roosevelt

Born into a wealthy New York familyBorn into a wealthy New York family Enjoyed hunting and horseback Enjoyed hunting and horseback

ridingriding Led the Cavalry Brigade (Rough Led the Cavalry Brigade (Rough

Riders) in the battle of San Juan Hill Riders) in the battle of San Juan Hill in Cuba, during the Spanish in Cuba, during the Spanish American War.American War.

Teddy ContinuedTeddy Continued

Returned from war a hero- Soon Returned from war a hero- Soon became governor of New York and became governor of New York and later Vice-President.later Vice-President.

Becomes President McKinley’s vice Becomes President McKinley’s vice president.president.

McKinley is assassinated six months McKinley is assassinated six months into his second term.into his second term.

President TeddyPresident Teddy

Becomes the youngest president at Becomes the youngest president at age 42.age 42.

Exuberant PresidentExuberant President• On any given day he would participate On any given day he would participate

in a Boxing match, ride over 100 miles in a Boxing match, ride over 100 miles on horseback- just to prove he could do on horseback- just to prove he could do it.it.

President Teddy Cont.President Teddy Cont.

Claimed federal responsibility for Claimed federal responsibility for social welfare.social welfare.

Would see to it that the American Would see to it that the American people received a “Square Deal” people received a “Square Deal” • Used this term to describe Roosevelt’s Used this term to describe Roosevelt’s

various reforms.various reforms.

President Teddy Cont.President Teddy Cont.

Trustbusting- Roosevelt will begin to break Trustbusting- Roosevelt will begin to break up trusts by enforcing the Sherman up trusts by enforcing the Sherman Antitrust Act.Antitrust Act.

Regulation- Roosevelt wanted federal Regulation- Roosevelt wanted federal regulation on Business (Railroads)regulation on Business (Railroads)

Meat Inspection Act-Meat Inspection Act- Passed in response Passed in response to Upton Sinclair’s “The Jungle”. Required to Upton Sinclair’s “The Jungle”. Required strict cleanliness for meatpackers. strict cleanliness for meatpackers.

Pure food and Drug Act-Pure food and Drug Act- halted the sale halted the sale of contaminated food.of contaminated food.

Teddy the ConservationistTeddy the Conservationist

Began setting land aside for National Began setting land aside for National Parks, he believed in conserving our Parks, he believed in conserving our land.land.

Roosevelt and Civil RightsRoosevelt and Civil Rights

President Roosevelt will fail to President Roosevelt will fail to support civil rights for African support civil rights for African AmericansAmericans

He will support several African He will support several African American individuals.American individuals.• Invited Booker T. Washington to dinner Invited Booker T. Washington to dinner

at the White House. at the White House.

Civil RightsCivil Rights

NAACP- National Association for the NAACP- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Led Advancement of Colored People. Led by Booker T. Washington (who also by Booker T. Washington (who also founded Tuskegee Institute- college)founded Tuskegee Institute- college) Aimed for full equality among races.Aimed for full equality among races.

W.E.B. Du Bois- focused on political W.E.B. Du Bois- focused on political action to push civil rights, disagreed action to push civil rights, disagreed with Washingtonwith Washington

Progressivism Under TaftProgressivism Under Taft Taft Becomes PresidentTaft Becomes President

• Roosevelt decided not to run againRoosevelt decided not to run again• Roosevelt hand picked William Howard Roosevelt hand picked William Howard

TaftTaft• Democrats nominate William Jennings Democrats nominate William Jennings

Bryan for the third time.Bryan for the third time.• Taft and the Republicans won easilyTaft and the Republicans won easily

Republican Party SplitsRepublican Party Splits

Conservative Side- did not want Conservative Side- did not want reforms or change in the governmentreforms or change in the government

Progressive side- sought change and Progressive side- sought change and reformsreforms

Bull Moose PartyBull Moose Party

RooseveltRoosevelt• Went to Africa after presidency Went to Africa after presidency • Returned in 1910 to a large group of Returned in 1910 to a large group of

supporterssupporters• By 1912 he decided to run for president By 1912 he decided to run for president

againagain

1912 Republican Convention1912 Republican Convention

Republicans split between Republicans split between nominating Taft or Rooseveltnominating Taft or Roosevelt

The progressive Republicans decided The progressive Republicans decided to form their own party: The to form their own party: The Progressive Party and nominate Progressive Party and nominate Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt

Bull Moose Party Bull Moose Party

Election of 1912Election of 1912

Woodrow Wilson- Democratic CandidateWoodrow Wilson- Democratic Candidate

Theodore Roosevelt-Progressive Theodore Roosevelt-Progressive CandidateCandidate

William Taft- Republican CandidateWilliam Taft- Republican Candidate

Eugene Debs- Socialist CandidateEugene Debs- Socialist Candidate

Election ContinuedElection Continued

Because the Republican party split Because the Republican party split they also split the vote.they also split the vote.

Woodrow Wilson Wins the 1912 Woodrow Wilson Wins the 1912 Presidential Election.Presidential Election.

The reform candidates (Wilson, The reform candidates (Wilson, Roosevelt, Debs) held 75% of the Roosevelt, Debs) held 75% of the votevote

Wilson’s New FreedomWilson’s New Freedom Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson

• Spent youth in the south during the Civil Spent youth in the south during the Civil War.War.

• Son of a Presbyterian MinisterSon of a Presbyterian Minister• Worked as a lawyer, history professor, Worked as a lawyer, history professor,

and president of Princeton University.and president of Princeton University.

Wilson’s “New Freedom”Wilson’s “New Freedom”

Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)• Passed to strengthen the Sherman Passed to strengthen the Sherman

Antitrust Act.Antitrust Act.• Prohibited corporations from buying the Prohibited corporations from buying the

stock of another corporation if it would stock of another corporation if it would create a monopolycreate a monopoly

Wilson “New Freedom”Wilson “New Freedom”

Federal Trade Commission(FTC)Federal Trade Commission(FTC)• Set up by the Federal Trade Commission Set up by the Federal Trade Commission

Act in 1914Act in 1914• Set up to be a “watchdog” over Set up to be a “watchdog” over

corporations that they were not doing corporations that they were not doing anything illegal.anything illegal.

Wilson Cont.Wilson Cont.

Federal Reserve SystemFederal Reserve System• Set up by the Federal Reserve Act of Set up by the Federal Reserve Act of

19131913• Created a national banking systemCreated a national banking system• Controlled the U.S. money supply and Controlled the U.S. money supply and

the availability of credit in the country.the availability of credit in the country.

Women Win SuffrageWomen Win Suffrage

Through hard work by many women Through hard work by many women suffragists, including Susan B. Anthony, suffragists, including Susan B. Anthony, and Carrie Chapman Catt women gain the and Carrie Chapman Catt women gain the right to vote.right to vote.

1919thth Amendment (1919) Amendment (1919) Ratified in 1920(72 years after women first Ratified in 1920(72 years after women first

demanded the right to vote.)demanded the right to vote.)

Wilson and Civil RightsWilson and Civil Rights

During Campaign Wilson gained the During Campaign Wilson gained the support of the NAACPsupport of the NAACP

Once in office he ignored civil rights Once in office he ignored civil rights and even opposed anti-lynching lawsand even opposed anti-lynching laws