The poultry industry
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Transcript of The poultry industry
THE POULTRY INDUSTRY
OBJECTIVES Terms Structure of the Industry Production Factors Egg production and facts
TERMS Young Female= Chick or Pullet Mature Female= Hen Young Intact Male= Chick or
Cockeral Mature Intact Male= Rooster Young Castrated Male= Capon
TERMS Newborns= chicks Act of giving birth= no live birth! Meat chicken= broiler
SECTORS OF THE INDUSTRY Egg Production Broiler Production Raising Replacement Pullets
EGG PRODUCTION Laying Hens Confined in cages or floor pen
system Cleaning, grading, and packaging
eggs occurs on farm After production cycle, hens are
sold for meat
EGG PRODUCTION Floor system- gather 3 times a day Caged system- automatic egg
gatherer Rhode Island Red, Leghorns
5-7 eggs per week Keep hens up to 5 yrs.
Best production in first 2 years Increase light duration and
intensity for onset of egg laying
CARE AND HANDLING OF EGGS Wash eggs
Must be clean! Dry Cleaning vs. Egg Washing Machine
Maintain quality byKeep coolKeep humid65 Degrees FStore separately
They absorb odors!
EGG PRODUCTION Do you need a rooster for a hen to
lay eggs?Nope!!! Chicks are fertilized eggs
How are eggs fertilized?Internally before they are laidTakes 7-10 days for sperm to travel to ovary
Lay fertile eggs for about 6-10 days
EGG PRODUCTION How many eggs does the average
American consume per year????256 eggs/year
1945 average of 403 eggs/year…Why?CholesterolEating Habits-Breakfast anyone????
Convenience Food
NUTRITION VALUE Two Eggs Supply
7% of Calories (75 calories per egg)28% Protein22% Phosphorus10% Iron39% Riboflavin50% Vitamin B1279% Vitamin A213 mg of Cholesterol
BROILER PRODUCTION- IMPORTANT PRODUCTION FEATURES Raising chickens for meat High quality rations fed to secure
rapid efficienty gains Weight Gain Feed Conversion Breast Meat Yield Carcass Conformation Chick Viability Disease Resistance
BROILER PRODUCTION Grow in 7-9 weeks Slaughtered at 4 lbs. Feed Conversion 1.5:1 Require 1 square foot
REPLACEMENT PULLETS Raising chicks for egg production or broiler
production
ADVANTAGES TO RAISING POULTRY High feed efficiency Fast return on investment Low land requirements Mechanized operation
DISADVANTAGES TO RAISING POULTRY Disease and parasites Initial capital investment is high Limitations of zoning Death losses from predators and
stampede Waste disposal and odor
PRODUCTION/CONSUMPTION TRENDS
# of farms with laying hens decreased
# of chickens raised per farm increased
Eggs-- Slight decline in popularityCholesterol concerns
Chicken Meat– Major increase in popularityPerceived to have less cholesterol than beef/pork
Leading StatesLaying Hens & Egg Production
VIDEOShttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8zbkkkn_PxE&feature=related
Chick Production
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJ7rrHYmFiQ
Broiler Production
POULTRY ANATOMY
POULTRY EQUIPMENT
BEAK TRIMMER
Trims peak
Machine with foot pedal
CHICK STARTER FEEDER
Feeding dish for baby chicks
CHICKEN FEEDERFeeding dish for older chicks
EGG SCALE
Weighs and classifies eggs
LEG BANDSIdentification toolCircular, numbered bands
OPEN JUG WATERERWatering dish
NIPPLE WATERERWatering deviceMinimizes waste
3 TIER COOPLayered chicken cages