• 2003 ANNUAL REPORT •

THE PEREGRINE FUND

WORLD CENTER FOR BIRDS OF PREY• 2003 ANNUAL REPORT •

THE PEREGRINE FUND

WORLD CENTER FOR BIRDS OF PREY

Working to Conserve Birds of Prey in Nature

2003 Madagascar

Aristide Andrianarimisa

Adrien BatouBerthin BeNoel Augustin

BonhommeEloi (Lala)

FanamehaJoseph KakailahyLoukman KalavahaEugéne LadoanyJules MampiandraMöiseCharles (Vola)

RabeariveloJeanneney

RabearivonyBerthine RafarasoaNorbert (Velo)

RajaonariveloJeannette RajesyGérard

RakotondravaoYves Rakotonirina

Gaston RaoelisonChristophe

RazafimahatratraGilbert

RazafimanjatoJoseph

RazafindrasoloLova Jacquot

RazanakotoLily-Arison René

de RolandGilbert Tohaky

AsiaMartin GilbertMuhammad Asim

PanamaEloy AripioDadildo CarpioMarta CurtiBilomar DoviazaOmar FernándezPróspero GaitánMargarita Gordon

Noel GuerraYanina GuevaraKathia HerreraEdwin Pastor

JiménezMagaly LinaresJosé de Los Santos

LópezGabriel

MenguizamaRodolfo MosqueraAngel MuelaRogelio PeñaBolívar RodríguezSaskia SantamaríaNadia SuredaJosé de Jesús

VargasJenerino Cárdenas

AfricaRon HartleySimon ThomsettMunir Virani

The Peregrine Fund Staff

The organization’s business-related activities are supportedby Pat Burnham (Administrator), Carol Pettersen and DonnaDaniels (Bookkeepers), and Sherri Haley (Secretary/Recep-tionist). Linda Behrman is our Membership Director andmanages our website. Amy Siedenstrang is our Art Director.

Linda Behrman Roger BenefieldRoy BrittonJoell BrownBill BurnhamKurt K. BurnhamPat BurnhamJack CaffertyCraig CarpenterEmma Christensen

Donna DanielsCameron EllisEdward FeltesErin Gott

Sherri HaleyBill HeinrichGrainger HuntJ. Peter JennyPaul JuergensLloyd KiffThomas LordAngel MontoyaAmel MusticBrian MutchTrish NixonSophie OsbornChris ParishAnn PedenCarol Pettersen

Dalibor PongsTravis RosenberryCal SandfortLaVonne SaseAmy SiedenstrangBrook SimsRandy StevensRussell ThorstromRandy TownsendRick WatsonDavid WhitacreJim Willmarth

ArchivistS. Kent Carnie

International Staff

United States

©2004 Edited by Bill Burnham and Pat Burnham.Jack Cafferty, Photo Editor. Design ©2004 by Amy Siedenstrang.

Thanks to Robert Bateman and Mill Pond Press, Inc. for cover art-work.

Production costs donated by members of the Board of Directors of The Peregrine Fund.

Letter from the PresidentCelebrating 20 years at the World Center for Birds of Prey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Northern Aplomado Falcon Restoration At least 39 pairs beginning to breed in Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

California Condor ProgramWild Condors may soon outnumber captive ones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Remembering Ron YankeThe Peregrine Fund says goodbye to a longtime friend. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Archives of American FalconryFamed Thornton silver-gilt urn now on display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Captive Breeding at the World Center for Birds of PreyVery high survival of hatched chicks continues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Student EducationEducation is one of the main hopes for the future of conservation worldwide . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Research LibraryUser access improves as holdings continue to expand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Education ProgramTours adapted to fit the needs of a broad range of visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

High Arctic InstituteMore new information gained on arctic falcons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Neotropical Raptor Conservation ProgramPublic education, successful eagle releases, and new data on little-known species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Pan-Africa Raptor Conservation ProgramResearchers continue studies and monitoring;local communities manage conservation needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Asia-Pacific Raptor Conservation ProgramScientists trained in New Guinea and Mongolia;plans formulated for saving vulture species. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Financials and DonorsYour partnership is vital to continuing our work around the world . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

2003

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Sincerely yours,

Bill BurnhamPresident

1

n 18 May 1984, under a bright blue sky

and courting Long-billed Curlews, we

dedicated the site for construction of

the World Center for Birds of Prey. A long list of

dignitaries spoke of the importance of the event

and the hope for resulting future achieve-

ments. That day marked the transition of

The Peregrine Fund from a transient

organization existing only for as long as

required to restore wild populations of

Peregrine Falcons in the United States to

an organization intent on becoming a per-

petual global force in raptor conservation

and research.

The spring of 2004 is the 20th anniversary of that Boise, Idaho, facility, the World Center for Birds of Prey.

Over the years the facility has continued to grow in size and scope, as has the organization. The Peregrine

Fund is more than this facility, it is a team of staff, Board, cooperators, and donors who achieve results

around the world. Having a proper organizational headquarters and home has been very important. Beyond

providing a place where dedicated and highly motivated people can work and plan, the facility made it possi-

ble for development of a public education program, the captive breeding of birds of prey for release to the

wild, establishment of a top-flight research library and one-of-a-kind falconry archives, and much more.

Considering all that has been accomplished during the first 20 years in Boise, we look to the coming decades

with the same determination and commitment to conservation of birds of prey. At right are listed some of

the dates and highlights that occurred at the Center.

O

The World Center forBirds of Prey in 1984(left) and in 2003(above).

Select Special Events and Dates at the World Center for Birds of Prey

1984 began construction of the World Center and con-solidated the Ft. Collins, Colorado, facility there

1985 consolidated the Cornell University raptors to theWorld Center

1986 established the Archives of American Falconry atthe World Center

1986 constructed the Gerald D. and Kathryn Swim Herrick Tropical Raptor Building

1990 paved the road and constructed a properentrance to the World Center

1992 constructed the Velma Morrison InterpretiveCenter

1993 constructed the Peter and Conni Pfendler California Condor Facility

1995 expanded the World Center property to 580acres

1999 hosted the Peregrine delisting ceremony and celebration at the World Center

2002 constructed the Gerald D. and Kathryn S. HerrickCollections Building

Construction totals 106,000 sq ft at the World Center.

Jack Cafferty

File ph

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LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT

he Northern Aplomado Falcon is a speciesintimately associated with the grasslandsavannas of the American Southwest. Fairly

common at the beginning of the 20th Century, thisbeautiful falcon had all but disappeared by 1930.Aplomado Falcon eggs, like the eggs of other falconspecies, were highly prized by egg collectors becauseof their beauty and comparative rarity, and it is fromtheir records that we have been able to glean the bestinformation concerning the former population sizeand distribution of this species.

While there remains some debate over the exactcause or causes for their decline, perhaps the mostplausible is the widespread changes which swept thefalcon’s grassland habitat. In South Texas much ofthe vast savanna known as the “Wild Horse Desert”was converted into farmland or became choked withmesquite. To the west in West Texas, New Mexico,Arizona, and northern Mexico, drought and over-grazing may have significantly reduced the numberand variety of small grassland birds upon which thefalcon preyed.

The Peregrine Fund began working with theAplomado Falcon in 1978. A captive-breeding flockwas developed from 25 wild nestlings collected inVeracruz, Tabasco, Campeche, and Chiapas, Mexico.The propagation of this species remains challenging,highly technical, and labor intensive, with over halfthe production the result of artificial insemination.In spite of these challenges, a total of 892 captive-bred falcons have been released in Texas, resulting inthe formation of at least 39 pairs, where prior to1995 there were none. Moreover, these pairs are nowbeginning to breed, and have successfully fledgedmore than 125 young.

Releases have occurred on Laguna Atascosa,Matagorda Island, and Aransas National WildlifeRefuges (NWR), and on private property. Our expe-rience with the Aplomado Falcon has shown thathabitat descriptions gleaned from historical sourceswere often quite different from that of the contem-porary habitats selected by the released falcons. Forthe Aplomado Falcon, “historical” habitat and “suit-able” habitat may be very different in contemporarylandscapes.

■ 2003 RESULTS

During the spring and summer of 2003 wereleased 80 young falcons at two sites in coastal SouthTexas, and at three sites in West Texas. Thirty-two fal-cons were released in South Texas with a success rateof 88%, and 48 were released in West Texas with asuccess rate of 75%. The combined success rate forfalcons released was 77%, and represents one of thebest years to date. We consider a bird to be success-fully released 21 days after release, when it is nolonger dependent on food provided at the release site.Falcons were lost due to premature dispersal, and as aresult of predation by raccoons, coyotes, CrestedCaracaras, Great Horned Owls, and ChihuahuanRavens. We experimented with releasing as many as20 falcons from a single site on South Padre Island inan effort to increase the efficiency of our releaseeffort. This experiment was highly successful with100% of the falcons reaching independence.

Three additional properties totaling 112,854 acreshave been enrolled in the Aplomado Falcon Safe

Harbor Program. The total habitat on private prop-erty currently enrolled is approximately 1,508,098acres, or 2,356 square miles.

The Peregrine Fund biologists located some 39pairs of Aplomado Falcons in South Texas andadjacent Taumalipas, Mexico. This represents a 5%increase over 2002. We located 26 pairs in andaround the Laguna Atascosa NWR, and 13 pairs onMatagorda Island NWR. Thirty-two pairs (82%)made 37 nest attempts. Sixteen nests failed (50%)and five pairs re-nested (16%). At least 37 youngwere successfully fledged, up 16% from 2002. Nestswere located in a variety of structures, man-made,abandoned nests of other species, and directly onthe ground. As in previous years, raccoons, coyotes,Great Horned Owls, and Crested Caracaras repre-sented a significant source of nest failure. Of par-ticular note in 2003 were pairs of falcons that wereable to fledge young successfully on MatagordaIsland and on Laguna Atascosa National WildlifeRefuge from newly designed artificial nesting struc-tures that limit access to predators. These pairs hadnever been successful prior to their use of thesenew artificial nests.

A paper has been accepted by the Wildlife SocietyBulletin chronicling accomplishments achieved overthe last 10 years.

A solid understanding of the Aplomado Falconpopulation in Texas is essential to the success of thisrecovery effort. Information on mortality rate,turnover rate, pair fidelity, age of first breeding, anddispersal patterns is needed to predict the long-termpopulation dynamics of this developing population.The only way to obtain this information is to iden-tify as many individual birds as possible by readingthe small numbers engraved on their aluminumU. S. Fish and Wildlife Service bands. Although suchreading is extremely difficult and time consuming,we are pleased to report that, of the 86 falconsobserved, our field crew was able to read the bandnumbers on 75 individuals. This represents animpressive 87% of the observed population. Thesedata, combined with the 65 individuals identifiedlast year, will help us understand the dynamics andpopulation structure of this developing population.

Establish a self-sustaining wildpopulation ofAplomado Falconsin the southwest-ern United Statesand northern Mex-ico through cap-tive propagation,release, and man-agement with theultimate goal ofremoving thisspecies from theEndangeredSpecies list.

Northern Aplomado

Falcon Restoration

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Paul Juergenscompleting con-struction of anAplomado Falconnesting site. Thebarred box allowsfor falcons to passthrough but notpotential preda-tors such as GreatHorned Owls.

Erin G

ott

The Peregrine Fund has also been studying apopulation of 35 pairs of Aplomado Falcons inChihuahua, Mexico, for the past decade. Duringthe 2003 season our biologists, in cooperation withAlberto Lafon of Universidad Autonoma de Chi-huahua, monitored 25 Aplomado Falcon territo-ries. To determine change in the falcon’s prey basewe continued monitoring grassland bird popula-tion trends within the study site. Falcon produc-tion was 1.04 fledglings per occupied territory.Over the previous seven years, an average of 0.86young fledging per occupied territory had beenobserved. Master’s student Alberto Macias-Duartecompleted his thesis. This paper suggests a rela-tionship between habitat, falcon prey abundance,rainfall, and falcon productivity. We also continuedour work with local ranchers installing wildlifeescape ramps in stock tanks, thereby minimizingpossible falcon drowning.

■ FUTURE PLANS

We will continue to release Aplomado Falcons inboth South and West Texas in 2004 and closely moni-tor the developing populations in Texas. Addled eggsand tissue samples will be collected, when available,and analyzed for contaminant levels. Predation repre-sents a significant impact on both the release effortand on the nesting success of pairs as they becomeestablished. We need to continue to develop innova-tive techniques to reduce both nestling mortality andincrease fledging success. We believe the release ofAplomado Falcons and the subsequent establishmentof wild populations in New Mexico to be biologicallyfeasible. There are, however, non-biological chal-lenges to be overcome before that can happen. Unfor-tunately, the Safe Harbor, which has worked so effec-tively to provide habitat for the Aplomado Falconrecovery in Texas, cannot be used significantly inNew Mexico owing to the large percentage of publiclands where the Safe Harbor does not apply. We are,however, working closely with federal and state gov-ernment representatives to develop an experimentalnon-essential population designation for the Aplo-mado Falcon under section 10(j) of the EndangeredSpecies Act for New Mexico and Arizona.

Staff Program Direction, Peter Jenny;Coordination, Bill Heinrich; Cap-tive Breeding, Cal Sandfort,Emma Christensen, and TravisRosenberry; Senior Scientist,Grainger Hunt; Field Biologists:Brian Mutch, Angel Montoya,Erin Gott, Paul Juergens, JessiBrown, and Alberto Macias; Vet-erinary Support, Bruce Rideout;Hack Site Attendants: ChrisCattau, Joe Etheridge, KerryHosken, Hilary Huber, EricaLaMare, Rachel Joy Rabinovitz,Rachel Richardson, Lee Rindlis-bacher, Dianne Scherer, andKelly Wicks.

CooperatorsWe cooperate with the U.S. Fishand Wildlife Service, Texas Parksand Wildlife Department, Ari-zona Department of Fish andGame, New Mexico Depart-ment of Game and Fish,Department of Defense, Bureauof Land Management, T and E.,Inc., the Secretaria De MedioAmbiente Recursos Naturales YPesca (SEMARNAP), Universi-dad Autonoma de Chihuahua,Miguel Mora of the ColumbiaEnvironmental Research CenterBRD/USGS, and receive supportfrom many partners from theprivate sector.

Providing essential financialand/or logistical support werethe Lee and Ramona BassFoundation, Texas Parks andWildlife Department, Ruth O.Mutch, Houston Endowment,Inc., The Brown Foundation,Inc., Robert J. and Helen C. Kle-berg Foundation, EXXON/MobilCorporation, Grasslans Founda-tion, Dallas Foundation, SandCounty Foundation, William J. J.Gordon Family Trust, T & E, Inc.,Karen and Tim Hixon, Burling-ton Resources, The TimkenFamily Charitable Trust, WorldWildlife Fund, Joan and HerbKelleher Charitable Foundation,Mr. and Mrs. Charles Price, TheTapeats Fund, American ElectricPower, Mike and CarolynMaples, The Frederic C. Hamil-ton Family Foundation, TheRosewood Foundation, PeteDavidson, and the University ofNevada, Reno.

Adult Aplomado Falcon.

Cal San

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t finally happened in 2003. On 5 Novemberthe first young condor was successfullyfledged by a captive-produced pair of con-

dors, and it occurred in the Grand Canyon. It hadbeen two decades since the last young condor fledgedin the wild. Since 2001 there has been a total of 12nesting attempts in the wild by captive-produced con-dors with eggs laid, six in Arizona with one knownyoung produced and six in California with five younghatched but none successfully fledged. At year’s endthe total population of California Condors was 215,with 131 in captivity and 84 in the wild. This may bethe last year that the captive population outnumbersthe wild one. We are now using satellite telemetrywith Global Positioning System (GPS) capability tomonitor released condors with impressive results. TheArizona condors are still continuing to find an abun-dance of food on their own and all of the condors,with the exception of the wild young produced in Ari-zona, have been inoculated for West Nile Virus. Weare also beginning to understand how condors areobtaining lead in their diets.

■ FURTHER RESULTS

A total of 18 young condors produced at theWorld Center for Birds of Prey over the past twobreeding seasons were sent to our release site abovethe Vermilion Cliffs. The first group of eight arrivedon 18 January and the second group of 10 on19 December, bringing the total number of condorsin Arizona to 51. The first eight birds were releasedin four small groups throughout the year. Since ourfirst release in 1996 we have experienced a total of23 fatalities.

This year only one bird was lost, five-year-oldcondor 198 was found dead near Zion National Park,and post mortem results came up inconclusive as tocause of death.

Courtship and egg laying increased again this yearand by the end of February 2004 a total of 14 con-dors were engaged in courtship activity. There werethree nesting attempts in which eggs were laid in2003, one on the Vermilion Cliffs and two in GrandCanyon National Park.

Two attempts failed but the new site in the parkwas a success in every way. Male condor 123 andfemale 127, which had unsuccessfully nested at theDana Butte site last year, moved to a new locationdownstream. The site was difficult to access, requir-ing a 12-mile hike just to make observations. Anestling was first spotted on 16 August. Without anyhuman intervention the young condor successfullyfledged on 5 November and has been doing well eversince. For more details please see The PeregrineFund Newsletter Number 34 and visit “Notes fromthe Field” at www.peregrinefund.org.

The release program of California Condors innorthern Arizona is centered near the GrandCanyon, an immense and rugged area of limitedaccess. The current free-flying population of condorshas shown an increasing tendency for long-distancemovement within a range now extending northwardto Zion National Park in Utah. Radio-tracking hasproven essential to the well-being of these birds, par-ticularly those newly released, because of the risksassociated with human encounters and environmen-tal contaminants. The trend toward wider move-ment, however, has made difficult the task of closemonitoring with conventional VHF telemetry andground tracking. In anticipation of this problem, weexperimented with standard satellite-monitoredradio-transmitters (PTT). While useful, the fixes tri-angulated by the satellites are of low precision andtherefore of limited value. We therefore pursued thedevelopment of satellite-based transmitters thatreport far more precise GPS fixes. Working closelywith the manufacturer, Microwave Telemetry, Inc.,we were able to help design a transmitter that substi-tuted perfectly in both shape and weight for thetime-proven VHF transmitters. Condors that oncecarried two VHF transmitters (one on each patag-ium for redundancy) are now fitted with a PTT/GPSon one patagium and a VHF radio on the other forground tracking.

We attached the first six PTT/GPS transmitters inwinter 2003-04 and will soon apply more. Everyevening we receive an e-mail containing GPS datafrom the Argos satellite system with locational fixes.

Establish self-sustaining wildpopulations ofCalifornia Con-dors throughcaptive propaga-tion, release, andmanagementwith the ultimategoal of removingthe species from the EndangeredSpecies List.

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California Condor

Program

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Above: Wild-produced immature condor (left) with parent.Below: Condors soaring skyward in the Grand Canyon—a sight thousands of visitorsannually enjoy.

I

Ch

ris ParishC

hris Parish

The resulting locations and movements of the con-dors are superimposed electronically on an array ofstandard topographical maps depicting the region.The solar-powered transmitters are designed toobtain a GPS fix every hour throughout the day. Areported fix at 11 a.m. may be received and decodedby our biologists at about 6 p.m. the same day. Thistimely access to movement information by a remotesystem is of great advantage to field management.Moreover, the technology promises to reveal thedetails of long-range movements and the use ofareas and habitats heretofore unknown. Our hopeand intention is to increase the number of these veryuseful transmitters.

We continued to trap all of the condors every sixmonths to replace transmitters and take blood sam-ples to monitor for lead. In addition, in 2003 we cap-tured all free-flying condors in Arizona for West NileVirus vaccinations during July and August. After thewild condors were vaccinated all of the captive birdsat the World Center were treated as well. As a resultof this abnormally timed capture we found evidenceof 13 cases of lead exposure resulting in five chela-tions for lead toxicity. Two of the condors requiringtreatment (condors 203 and 235) were observedfeeding on a coyote carcass that we suspected to havebeen shot. Upon x-raying the highly scavenged coy-ote carcass, we found lead fragments. Within twodays both condors were trapped, tested, and x-rayed.Both had lead in their digestive tracts, high bloodlead levels, and were immediately transferred to thePhoenix Zoo and treated.

The condors survived the lead and were later re-released near the Vermilion Cliffs.

The Arizona Department of Game and Fish,working closely with the shooting community, madereal strides in informing hunters about the presenceof condors throughout the region and the potentialdanger of lead in the environment.

■ FUTURE PLANS

We will release the remaining condors being heldin Arizona throughout the year and transport the

2004 young to the holding facility late in the calendaryear to be released in 2005.

Young will continue to be released in smallgroups. We expect additional breeding attempts byreleased birds although it is unlikely the pair produc-ing the young in 2003 will reproduce this year as theyare still caring for the young condor.

As part of our condor management efforts wewill monitor their movements using conventionaltelemetry and satellite-monitored PTTs. MoreGPS/PTTs will be placed on condors. Every effortwill be made to limit public and condor interactionsas we have done over the past several years. We willcontinue to try to locate carcasses upon which con-dors have fed, both out of concern for the potentialof their ingesting lead or other environmental haz-ards and to know what they are eating. Any condorsuspected of ingesting lead will be captured, x-rayed, have its blood tested, and, as appropriate, betreated and re-released. We will work closely withthe Arizona Game and Fish Department and othercooperators to reduce lead in the environment andto otherwise enhance management and survival ofthe condors.

STAFFCoordination, Bill Hein-rich; Captive Breeding,Randy Townsend andCraig Carpenter; Reintro-duction, Chris Parish andSophie Osborn;Research, Grainger Hunt;Field Assistance, BrianMutch, Jill Adams,Stephen Agius, RogerBenefield, Tim Bischof,Jason Blackburn, Bran-don Breen, Ann Burke,Joseph Crapanzano, AnnMarie DiLorenzo, TyroneDonnley, Sam Elizondo,Edward Feltes, AmyLindsley, Thomas Lord,Megan Lout, DavidLoomis, KristineMcConnell, Betty Moore,Dennis Mott, PaulMueller, Kate Parmentier,Elise Snider, Jonna Weid-maier, Anne Welch, andJim Willmarth.

COOPERATORSThe historic Arizonareintroduction is a jointproject among The Pere-grine Fund, the Bureauof Land Management,U.S. Fish and WildlifeService, National ParkService, Arizona Gameand Fish Department,Southern Utah’s Coali-tion of Resources andEconomics, and others.

Funding for the projectwas provided by the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service,Peter Pfendler, theNational Fish andWildlife Foundation,Nina Mason PulliamCharitable Trust, DisneyWildlife ConservationFund, Steve Martin/Nat-ural Encounters, TheKearny Alliance, JaneTurner Smith Founda-tion, Patagonia, GlobeFoundation, EarthFriends, APS, Inc., Wal-lace Research Founda-tion, Norm Freeman, Ari-zona Strip Bureau ofLand Management, andthe Grand Canyon Con-servation Fund.

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Chris Parish (right) and Randy Townsend hand up a condor ina pet kennel to Bill Heinrich (right) and Norm Freeman. NormFreeman purchased a specially-designed vehicle for trans-porting condors and other wildlife. These condors are to betaken from the World Center to the Arizona release site.

Ch

ris ParishC

hristie Van

Cleve

The first wild-produced California Condor to fly in two decades.

n the spring of 1984 at 5:30 a.m. I arrived ata Boise, Idaho, truck stop to meet with threemen who would later join the Board of

Directors of The Peregrine Fund—Ron Yanke, TomNicholson, and Jim Nelson. They got together theremost every Tuesday morning to share news, laughs,and a life-long friendship among themselves and tosee others who knew they would be there and hadstopped by. As I learned over the following years itwas a mixed lot of people at “breakfast,” from their

trusted employees to the minister of Ron’s church,someone down on his luck, or maybe a would-be orsitting governor, congressman, or senator wantingtheir support. Or even someone like me from a non-profit needing help in one form or another. You justnever knew, but it was always enjoyable.

To build the World Center for Birds of Prey weneeded access for heavy trucks across property ownedby Ron, Tom, and their wives, Linda and Diana,respectively, as the bridge on the county road to oursite was old and rickety and likely to collapse fromthe weight of a gravel or concrete truck. At my first“breakfast,” after a brief explanation of what we weredoing and what we needed, they agreed with a hand-shake and laughingly suggested Jim should providehis earth-moving equipment as he had a constructioncompany. During the following years we asked thethree of them, along with their close friend, HarryBettis, to join the Board and they all accepted.

A hand to draw for, each an ace in his own right.None of them was a birds of prey enthusiast per se,but all liked what we do and our achievement ofannual meaningful results. These men, along with afew other Boise residents, several more who alsojoined our Board, formed the heart and soul of thecommunity.

A few weeks ago Ron Yanke unexpectedly died. Theworld was a better place because of him and it is cer-tainly poorer by his absence. Ron was a lanky, oversix-foot tall man with an easy smile, quirky laugh,ready handshake, and a helping hand. After boardingan airplane in Guatemala, he had spoken with mosteveryone on it by the time it landed, even thoughmost spoke another language. He was always there tohelp The Peregrine Fund and most every other worthycharitable organization or needy friend in the com-munity. Most of his contributions were unknown anduncelebrated as publicity was not his motive. Fewpeople beyond the benefactor knew of his generosity. Idoubt he ever even thought of it as being a philan-thropist. He was just being a good neighbor. Even hismajor business successes are not well known, such aswhen he and Tom Nicholson financed the beginningof Micron Technology and then later talked Jack Sim-

plot into adding more money at another critical stagein the company’s development. The multitude ofbusiness partnerships and ventures benefitting peopleand communities in Idaho and far beyond rangedfrom building white water rafts and knives to airplanecharters, hotels, power plants, saw mills, and mines toranches and farms.

Ron was in his third four-year term on our Boardand had been its secretary for eight years.

Despite his busy schedule he attended almostevery Board meeting and seldom missed even anExecutive Committee conference call. His finger-prints are all over the World Center from the frontentry gate built and installed by Yanke Machine Shop(the business his family founded and Ron took overoperation of at 18 when his father became ill) to theheating and air conditioning on many of the build-ings placed and maintained by his company. He evenhauled in large rocks to landscape the public inter-pretive center and placed them personally with hiscrane. There was the time he, Tom, and Jim organ-ized and put on a barbeque during the PeregrineVictory Celebration for 1,000 people with Ron andTom doing much of the cooking and serving them-selves. Not to be forgotten are the 340 acres of landthe two of them and their wives donated to “squareup the boundary” of The Peregrine Fund property,creating a buffer around the birds and facilities fromfuture potential development. Then there was themoney they donated to help Jim Nelson pave theroad and the modular home Ron donated that is ouroffice and living quarters in Arizona for the condorreleases, and the list goes on.

He was bigger than life and probably had morefun in his 68 years than most others might in severallifetimes. I doubt he ever missed a sunrise and prob-ably seldom was in bed much before midnight.There was just too much to do that he enjoyed. Wemiss Ron and things will not be the same withouthim. Our deepest sympathy for those he has leftbehind, both family and close friends. He has a spe-cial place in our hearts and minds, now and always.His spirit soars with the falcons just beyond life’shorizon. Thanks, Ron.

RememberingRon Yanke

1935 – 2004

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Above: Ron Yanke (left), Tom Nicholson, and Harry Bettis (right) about to release a newly-banded Peregrine.Below: Ron Yanke helping with our work in Guatemala.Left: Ron as a young man with a Golden Eagle he temporarily removed from its nest in Idaho.

Barb

ara Jenn

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ecognizing the loss of irreplaceable falconrymemorabilia with the deaths of pioneeringAmerican falconers, The Peregrine Fund

established the Archives of American Falconry(AAF) in 1986 to collect and preserve the physicalevidence of the history of this sport. Originallydirected at preserving “American” history, the ensu-ing years have seen a growing international flavor inour accessions. With a wide array of collections(correspondence, photographs, art, manuscripts,equipment, and memorabilia) and the finest knowncollection of English language books related to fal-conry, the Archives is unique in the world. It repre-sents an invaluable resource utilized not only by fal-coners but by the academic community and theinterested general public—truly, a living legacy!

■ 2003 RESULTS

Having settled into the new archives quarters inthe Herrick Collections Building, we have returnedto the cataloging, preservation, and maintenance ofour historical materials—the backbone of ourarchival activities. Not that we have discontinued“collecting” additions to our holdings; all of thematerials received during this year (almost a hun-dred accessions, from single items to sizeable collec-tions) have added both to the magnitude and themeaningfulness of our collections; the more com-plete, the more accurate the history!

Benefactors Bob and Carol Berry have now loaned(pending permanent transfer to the AAF) the famedThornton silver-gilt urn. The most significant pieceof historic falconry memorabilia available to the pub-lic, this urn was presented in 1781 to ColonelThomas Thornton, founding President of The Con-federate Hawks of Great Britain when he retired fromthat position. Given his and that club’s roles in resur-recting falconry in Britain after over a century’s hia-tus, the historic and symbolic value of this uniquepiece cannot be over-emphasized. The urn nowforms the centerpiece of a special display devoted toThornton here at the Archives—thanks to theBerrys’ generosity (see photograph).

Also a noteworthy addition this year is a com-plete, authentic Arab majles tent as used for cen-turies past by Arab falconers and presented by Ken-ton Riddle. The “complete” description is literal, to

include two handsome Persian-style carpets (wall-to-wall in this 14 by 20-foot tent) as well as an arrayof decorative cushions and pillows. Included as wellis the multitude of equipment and apparatusneeded to make and serve the traditional Arab cof-fee so associated with post-hunt gatherings in thistype tent. Our tent was on display at the NorthAmerican Falconers Association meet this year andattracted the attention of a large number of falcon-ers. We must now determine how to display the tentto its best advantage.

In1994, Canadian falconer-artist Frank Beebepromised we would eventually receive his falconrydiaries; a promise fulfilled this year. All of his orig-inal chronological notes spanning the period 1932through 2002 are now in the Archives, along withthe original manuscript of his own account ofhis life to 1932. The at-the-time observationsof a principal player describing theunfolding of falconry efforts on our con-tinent, this gift represents a real treasuretrove of history and a source of first-hand information, exactly the sort ofthing the Archives is dedicated to collectand preserve.

On the establishment of the Archives, ourpriority was naturally focused on the (North)American history of the sport. American falconershave created our own brief history based on aworldwide heritage of some 40-plus centuries.Archives accessions from American falconers overthe years have included materials reflecting—andoriginating from—this worldwide heritage.

The three very special gifts described aboveclearly exemplify the continuing expansion of thecosmopolitan aspect of our archival collections.Japanese art and equipment, a unique Persian man-uscript, and literature in most of the European lan-guages, to note but a few examples, have broughtour collections to a new level. As the only sucharchives devoted to preserving the history of fal-conry in the world, we are, literally, unique. Is aname-change from “Archives of American Falconry”in order?

Reflecting this international role, we are launch-ing efforts to produce Volume III in our ArchivesHeritage Publications Series, reprinting an historic

English falconry book, Sir Thomas Sherley’s A ShortDiscourse of Hawking to the Field with High Flying

Long-winged Hawkes. Printed in 1603 asthe third falconry work in English, it

is known only by a single copy inYale’s Beineke Library. Despite itsBritish origin, this work’s age, rar-ity, and the fact that it was thefirst book in English penned by a

practicing falconer make it a natu-ral candidate for our Heritage Col-

lection. Based on extensive ground-work by Archives Research Associate Peter

Devers, we hope to see this work off the presses bymid-2004.

■ FUTURE PLANS

Any plans for the future must contain the needfor continuing cataloguing and maintenance ofpresent holdings as well as the addition of futureaccessions. Beyond this, however, lies the need for abetter Archives outreach capability to describe hold-ings and list catalogues electronically on line so thatall we support can learn of, access, and appreciateour assets. Completion of the cold room originallyplanned in our new facility remains a goal. A cor-rectable deficiency in our ability to store and pre-serve properly photographic negatives, slides, moviefilm, and the like, an improved capability can onlyattract additional collections of those materials.Finally, we trust our additional international hold-ings and status will in turn attract increased inter-national support for our archival efforts.

Collect and conserve evi-dence of the history of falconry and document therole of falconersin raptor conservation.

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STAFFFounding Curator/Archivist, S. Kent Carnie;Book and ManuscriptCurator, John R. Swift;Research/Editorial Associ-ate, William G. Mattox;Research Associates,Peter Devers and NatalieNicholson; and GraphicsAssociates, Don Garlockand Jim Stabler.

COOPERATORSThe Archives is depend-ent on the support ofmany friends, falconersand non-falconers alike.In 2003 particularly note-worthy assistance wasreceived from FrankBeebe, Bob Berry, KentCarnie, Ron Clarke, PeterDevers, Jim Grier, WalterHill, Tony Huston, HenryKendall, North AmericanFalconers Association,Kathleen Orlenko, KenRiddle, Tim Sell, Will Shor,Scott Struthers, JohnSwift, and Jim Weaver.

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aptive propagation at the World Center forBirds of Prey is crucial to the success ofboth the Aplomado Falcon and California

Condor restoration programs. These programsannually require large numbers of birds for release tothe wild. The nature of these raptors makes breedingthem in captivity both a labor-intensive and chal-lenging effort. Factors such as nutrition, incubationmanagement, and reduction of outside disturbancesmust be considered for successful breeding to takeplace. A tremendous amount of dedication, time,and knowledge is required by all involved to providethe best possible results.

■ 2003 RESULTS

Aplomado Falcon—In 2003 the Aplomado Falconrestoration program had 34 Aplomado Falcons lay297 eggs. One hundred eleven (37%) of this totalwere fertile, 93 (84%) hatched, and 90 (97%) sur-vived to release age. Due to financial constraints thenumber of release sites was reduced, therefore fertil-ity was deliberately reduced by discontinuing artifi-cial insemination mid-season to reduce the produc-tion of young. A two-year-old female was a first-timelayer producing three infertile eggs. She was not arti-ficially inseminated and did not copulate with hermate. One ovulating female in 2002 did not lay eggsin 2003. Artificial insemination (AI) plays an impor-tant role in obtaining fertile eggs. Three AplomadoFalcon pairs copulated and produced 16 eggs andseven surviving young. An additional 83 young wereproduced using AI. Twenty-four ovulating femaleswere artificially inseminated and produced 251 eggs.One hundred (40%) were fertile, 86 (86%) hatched,and 83 (97%) survived to release age. Total produc-tion from the copulating and artificially inseminatedpairs was 90 chicks. Eighty young were released tothe wild, and 10 were retained to become part of ourbreeding population.

Egg removal and natural incubation by PeregrineFalcons increase the hatchability of Aplomado Fal-con eggs. An Aplomado Falcon will begin incubationafter three or four eggs are laid. By removing eggs asthey are laid the females will continue to lay up toeight or more eggs. Falcon eggs have a higher hatch-ability in artificial incubators if they are initially

incubated naturally by falcons. Peregrine Falconscontinue to be reliable incubators of Aplomado Fal-con eggs, increasing the number of young that canbe produced. Of 100 fertile eggs incubated by Pere-grine Falcons, 86 (86%) hatched and 83 (97%) sur-vived.

In 2004 we anticipate increasing Aplomado Falconproduction from that of 2003 by continuing artificialinseminations through the entire season as we havedone in previous years.

California Condor—There are 41 California Con-dors at The Peregrine Fund’s World Center for Birdsof Prey at this time. Two of these condors are tooyoung to breed and are being held for future propa-gation because of their genotypes. One condor isbeing used as a display bird and as a mentor forfledgling and nestling puppet-reared California Con-dors. The remaining condors are our 19 pairs ofbreeders. These breeders laid 21 eggs during the 2003season with 16 fertile (76%). There were 13 eggs thathatched (81%), and two of the eggs were transferredto the Los Angeles Zoo a few days before pip andwere hatched there to facilitate later release to thewild. The repairings of adults that were done in 2001have increased condor reproduction. Two femalesthat had been laying infertile eggs for several years,

one since 1996 and the other since 2000, producedfertile eggs for the first time during the 2003 season.

The 2003 season was very busy with condortransfers and vaccinations. Each California Condorwas given two West Nile Virus vaccinations and hadthree blood draws to determine the effectiveness ofthe vaccine. There were two condors that were sentto other breeding facilities—one male condor wastransferred to the Oregon Zoo and one female wastransferred to the Los Angeles Zoo. The PeregrineFund also received three California Condors, onefemale was received from the San Diego Wild Ani-mal Park and a pair was received from the LosAngeles Zoo. The purpose of these transfers was tobetter distribute the gene pool between the differentcaptive breeding populations. After the breedingseason slowed in late fall, we also made three pairswitches for compatibility reasons and again toincrease fertility.

We are optimistically expecting an increase inCalifornia Condor reproduction in 2004 because wehave had a milder winter and should have a quieterspring and summer than in 2002 and 2003 when theadditional California Condor laboratory/holdingfacility and the Herrick Collections Building wereconstructed.

Propagate therequired numberof the best possi-ble physically,behaviorally, andgenetically con-stituted raptorsfor release to thewild.

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Captive Breeding at

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StaffCaptive propagation at theWorld Center is accomplishedby Cal Sandfort (AplomadoFalcons) and RandyTownsend (California Con-dors) with assistance fromCraig Carpenter, Emma Chris-tensen, Travis Rosenberry, andRandy Stevens. Food produc-tion is managed by AmelMustic with assistance fromRoy Britton and DaliborPongs. Facility maintenance isunder the direction of RandyStevens.

CooperatorsMajor financial assistance forCalifornia Condor propaga-tion is provided by the U. S.Fish and Wildlife Service.Financial support for Aplo-mado Falcon propagation islisted within that projectreport. Pathology and veteri-narian support are providedby Meridian Veterinary Clinic(Scott Higer), the ZoologicalSociety of San Diego (BruceRideout), Washington StateUniversity (Lindsay Oaks), theIdaho Department of Fishand Game, Wildlife HealthLaboratory, Caine VeterinaryTeaching Laboratory, and TheRaptor Center (Pat Redig).

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Emma Christensenfeeding hungry downyAplomado Falcons.

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■ RESULTS

Cumulative—The lack of access toadequate libraryresources has been achronic problem for

students and researchers in many parts of the worldand even in some regions of North America.

Since 1994, it has been our goal to amass a compre-hensive ornithological and conservation biologyresearch library and to make these resources freelyavailable to the global research community. We arenow achieving that goal. The most important mile-stone for the research library occurred in October 2002with the completion of the Herrick Collections Build-ing where the library and associated offices nowoccupy about 5,000 square feet of space.

2003—The reorganization of our library holdingswas completed in 2003 following our move into newquarters in the new building. We acquired a largenumber of new books and journals through a combi-nation of donations and purchases and contributionsfrom 19 individual and institutional donors. Particu-larly large gifts were received from the Edward GreyInstitute of Field Ornithology (University of Oxford),Tracy Fleming, Lloyd and Julie Kiff, Bertram Murray,Hans and Pam Peeters, Chandler Robbins, MarianSeibert, and Marie Winn. Journal exchanges weremade with several institutions, including the Air ForceAcademy, Estonian Ornithological Society, HungarianInstitute of Field Ornithology, Patuxent WildlifeResearch Center, and the Josselyn Van Tyne Ornitho-

logical Library. Over$6,000 worth of dupli-cate books and jour-nals were sold, and theproceeds were used fornew acquisitions.

By year’s end ourlibrary holdingsincluded 14,500 booksand separates, 16,000catalogued reprints,and full or partial runsof over 1,200 journaltitles. We presently

receive 146 technical journals, 32 conservation maga-zines, and over 100 newsletters by subscription orexchange. Searchable versions of the library andreprint catalogues and inventories of our journal col-lection and duplicate journals are maintained on ThePeregrine Fund web site. A new document scannerdonated by Lloyd Kiff and Clayton White now enablesus to answer requests from researchers for PDF copiesof any article in our collection free of charge.

■ FUTURE PLANS

We expect the research library to grow in size andsignificance, owing to the generous support that wereceive from many donors and other organizations.We will continue to emphasize the acquisition andarchiving of paper copies of technical ornithologicaljournals, whether global or regional, since a largenumber of libraries are now discarding these publica-tions as a result of budgetary and space limitations. Atthe same time, we will continue to seek the most effi-cient methods of transferring information to ourclientele, the global research community, as possible.Our research library is now “on the map” forresearchers on every continent, and we will make aspecial effort in the future to bring its existence to theattention of all ornithologists and bird conservation-ists. We welcome additional donations to the library,all of which are tax deductible for the donor.

StaffThe library is supervised by Lloyd Kiff. Lynda Leppert and Travis Rosen-berry provided invaluable library management assistance in 2003.

■ RESULTS

Cumulative—One of the most importantways in which The Peregrine Fund makes last-ing contributions to global conservation isthrough the training of undergraduate andgraduate students. A well-educated conserva-tion community is one of the main hopes forthe future of conservation, both in the U.S.and abroad. The training of students also pro-vides another avenue for The Peregrine Fundto make good scientific contributions sincegraduate studies involve the preparation oftheses and dissertations which add to ourunderstanding of biotic processes and systems.

2003—Students were supported in connection with seven differentprojects in 2003. In the Neotropics, Kathryn Harper completed a study on“Monitoring reproductive behaviour in captive Harpy Eagles” in Panamain connection with her Bachelor’s degree at McGill University. Kurt Burn-ham continued his studies on Gyrfalcons and Peregrine Falcons in Green-land in connection with his D.Phil. program at the University of Oxford.Alberto Macias Duarte finished his M.Sc. at the Universidad Autonoma deChihuahua in connection with our Aplomado Falcon program. Five Pak-istani students participated in the Asian Vulture Crisis Project and pro-vided invaluable help in assisting us to document and track down thecause of the vulture decline on the Indian subcontinent. They includedMuhammed Arshad, Shahid Mahmood, Jamshed Chaudry, and ShakeelAhmed who were provided with financial support for their studies forM.Phil. degrees at the University of Multan, Pakistan, and Ahmad Ali, whois pursing an M.Sc. degree. Elsewhere in Asia, Nyambayar Batbayar con-tinued his field studies in Mongolia on the Cinereous Vulture for his M.Sc.degree at Boise State University, and we began support of New Guineastudent Leo Lagra studying the little-known New Guinea Harpy Eagle.Ruth Tingay completed writing her dissertation on the breeding systemsof Madagascar Fish Eagles toward her Ph.D. at the University of Notting-ham, United Kingdom. See the Madagascar report for additional students.

■ FUTURE PLANS

We will continue supporting students financially and in other ways as theopportunity arises, particularly in countries where we are actively working.

Identify and/orprovide researchand educationalopportunities forundergraduateand graduatestudents, both inthe United Statesand other coun-tries, especiallyin connectionwith our fieldprograms.

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Student Education

Establish andmaintain a com-prehensiveornithologicaland conservationbiology researchlibrary related tothe mission ofthe organizationand of majorimportance tothe entire biolog-ical community.

ResearchLibrary

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PhD MSc BScStudents who have directlyworked with us and graduated

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Currently working with us andon degree programs

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ince the Education Program’s inception in1985, more than 700,000 people have beendirectly reached through on-site and off-site

educational presentations. The program is based outof the Velma Morrison Interpretive Center at theWorld Center for Birds of Prey. The facility hasgrown and expanded to include more than 15,000square feet of buildings and includes a gift shop,courtyard, art gallery, classroom, three theaters, andmany interactive displays. The displays includeeverything from the biology and ecology of raptorsto what you can do to help conserve nature. Wework to improve our Education Program and facil-ity and strive to provide the best possible educa-tional experience for each and every visitor.

■ 2003 RESULTS

We reached more than 29,800 people through on-site and off-site educational programs in 2003. Over26,300 people visited the interpretive center, ofwhich 4,529 were students on school-sponsoredtrips. While the majority of students came from thegreater Boise, Idaho, area, 32 different communitiesin Idaho and Oregon were represented. An addi-tional 3,553 individuals were reached through 25 off-site educational presentations. Visitors came from all50 states and more than 30 countries. As with previ-ous years, word-of-mouth continues to be the pri-mary reason why visitors come to the facility.

We continue to update our education programsto facilitate the Idaho Achievement Standards andspecific school district curriculum for our school

Educate the pub-lic and studentsabout birds ofprey and theimportance ofconservation ofbiological diver-sity, focusing onThe PeregrineFund’s numeroussuccesses inachieving resultstoward this con-servation goal.

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Long-term friend and volunteer (12 years) Don Fox showsvisitors a male Peregrine Falcon on the stage in the Inter-pretive Center.

Students visiting the Interpretive Center areprovided many hands-oneducational experiences asseen here. Complete withtouch screen monitors,feathers, and interactivedisplays, the facility provides a lasting impression on visitors.

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Jack Cafferty

In addition to on-site edu-cational tours, we alsoprovide outreach to thosewho are unable to visit.Here, Trish Nixon informsstudents of the impor-tance of the rainforest andThe Peregrine Fund’s workin Latin America.

StaffProgram and Facility Direc-tor, Jack Cafferty; VolunteerCoordinator and gift shop,Brook Sims; Raptor Special-ist, Trish Nixon; EducationPrograms Coordinator, AnnPeden; and Facility Mainte-nance, Randy Stevens.

CooperatorsFinancial partners this yearinclude the Laura MooreCunningham Foundation,Harry W. Morrison Founda-tion, U.S. Bancorp Founda-tion, Boise Cascade Corpora-tion, Islands Fund, GannettCommunities Fund/IdahoStatesman, Micron Technol-ogy Foundation, Key Foun-dation, Wells Fargo BankNorthwest, N.A., Ada CountyAssociation of RealtorsFoundation, INEEL throughcorporate funds from Bech-tel BWXT Idaho, LLC, Bank ofAmerica Foundation, Weyer-haeuser Company Founda-tion, and numerous individ-ual donors.

Volunteers ContributingOver 50 hours of Service:Mark Armstrong, Tim Back-off, Pat Baumback, Jean Ber-nick, Karen Brender, RayBrucks, Amy Brueck, GwenChavarria, Rebecca Chavar-ria, Bert Cleaveland, HelenCrewse, Louis DeWitt, BetsyEldredge, Phil Eldredge, Bar-bara Elliott, Leo Faddis, Clau-dia Fernsworth, AnneFitzsimmons, Don Fox, JoniFrey, Bill Gehring, KathrynHampton, Amy Hazekamp,Tim Hazekamp, KristenHolst, Bryan Jennings, LizJohnson, Ann Jones, RuthKassens, Gerri Kawczynski,Connie Leavitt, Fred Lidin-sky, Larry Lievsay, EileenLoerch, Mike McSweeney,Milt Melzian, Shawna Myers,Tracey Neill, Adam Nielsen,Jack Osgood, Brit Peterson,Cathy Quam, Randy Ras-mussen, Mary Rotman, NikkiSartin, Ellen Shaw, ChanSpringer, Josh Stevens,Diann Stone, Dick Thatcher,and Paul Wolters.

groups, and to become more flexible to the needs ofour non-school visitors. Teachers and educators cancall ahead for a specific topic to be covered and thetour curriculum can be adapted to fit their needs.Qualifying low-income schools are provided freeadmission to the facility and more than 730 studentsparticipated in the program.

Our stellar group of more than 90 volunteersdonated 7,194 hours this year. Volunteers remain thebackbone of the program. The volunteers take greatpride in their duties at the facility, which includeeverything from handling birds to giving informativepresentations and working in the gift shop. This vol-unteer effort allows us to implement an educationalprogram that provides visitor interaction with

knowledgeable people in a friendly atmosphere con-ducive to learning. We are grateful to have such adedicated group of volunteers. Please see the namesof volunteers contributing over 50 hours elsewherein this report.

■ FUTURE PLANS

We will continue to update and improve theinterpretive center to provide an intriguing hands-on learning experience for each visitor. School cur-riculum will evolve as needed and we will add pre-and post-tour information packets as part of thelesson plan.

Additional education birds and exhibits will beconsidered as the program expands and grows.

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This 16-year-old male Golden Eagle has been at the cen-ter nearly four years. After an injury which left him sight-less in one eye, “Jack” was donated by a falconer and theU. S. Fish and Wildlife Service for our use. With a six-footwingspan and dramatic presence, Jack provides manyvisitors with the rare chance to get close to a matureGolden Eagle.

Bill Gehring, a volunteerdocent, points out howpower lines can bedesigned to prevent theelectrocution of birds ofprey. This exhibit wassponsored by the IdahoPower Company andremains a popular displayfor visitors.

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eing over 2,656 km (1,660 mi) long fromnorth to south, Greenland encompasses theentire spectrum from the low Arctic

through the high Arctic, providing a unique oppor-tunity for research. Even with about 85% of Green-land being ice-covered, the remaining ice-free land ishome to an estimated 1,500 pairs of Peregrine Fal-

cons and over 750 pairs of Gyrfalcons.In addition, Greenland has large

numbers of seabirds, water-fowl, songbirds, and shore-birds. With almost 90% ofthe human population liv-ing in southwest Greenland,large undisturbed areasexist. Greenland is aunique research locationwhere natural and humancauses of change can beexamined. Expanding

our knowledge of the falcons and other wildlife inGreenland now is critical to be able to improve ourability to make informed predictions and recom-mendations for conservation.

In 1993 The Peregrine Fund began working inGreenland following up on research initially begunin Kangerlussuaq in 1972 under the leadership ofBill Mattox (Greenland Peregrine Falcon Survey).Since 1993 the geographic scope of work hasexpanded, and in 1997 we founded the High ArcticInstitute, Thule, Greenland, to help facilitateresearch demonstrating our long-term commit-ment to Greenland’s natural resources and wildplaces. In addition to continuing the work inKangerlussuaq we also have added other study areasin Greenland.

■ 2003 RESULTS

Kangerlussuaq—During the 2003 field season weplaced satellite-monitored transmitters (PTTs) onfour adult female Peregrine Falcons at the nest.Three of these females produced a total of 10 youngand one female failed for unknown reasons. In addi-tion, two PTTs were placed on adult female Gyrfal-cons. Monitoring of the local Gyrfalcon and Pere-grine Falcon populations continued with 71% of theknown checked Peregrine eyries occupied and anaverage of 3.29 young produced per successful nest.

However, the Gyrfalcon population experienced thelowest occupancy we have seen in the past five yearswith only five (10%) of 50 known surveyed eyriesoccupied and only one known to produce young.The low occupancy and reproduction may be aresult of limited numbers of ptarmigan, the Gyrfal-con’s primary prey, present in the area, particularlyearly in the breeding season. A very small amount ofblood was collected from each falcon for geneticanalysis. Samples were collected at Gyrfalcon eyriesfor carbon dating to determine length of use.

Thule—The Thule field season was dominated bycontinual bad weather from mid to late July upthrough August. During this period we experiencedweekly storms with winds over 80 knots making itvery difficult to use our boat. Only a small portionof the study area was surveyed with the four localPeregrine eyries all found occupied, but with onlyone positively known to produce young. Two Gyrfal-con eyries were checked, one was occupied, and inaddition we located two new nests by using datafrom PTTs placed on adult female Gyrfalcons at atrapping station during 2002. In 2003 we placedPTTs on three female Peregrine Falcons at the nest.Additionally, at a trapping station set up in Septem-ber we placed PTTs on nine Gyrfalcons and onemore female Peregrine Falcon. As in Kangerlussuaq,blood and samples from eyries were also collected.

Conserve and understand Gyrfalcon andPeregrine Falconpopulations and their environments in Greenland.

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Gyrfalcons at the falcon trapping station in North Greenland.

This map illustratesnorthern breeding sitesand southern winteringareas of these PeregrineFalcons. The coloredborder on each photorelates to the locationson the map, which wereprovided by satellite-monitored transmitterson each falcon.

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StaffKurt Burnham manages thisproject under the generaldirection of Bill Burnham andwith special assistance fromIan Newton. Jack Stephens isthe Thule coordinator andlives in and maintains theHigh Arctic Institute facility.Jack Cafferty assists with U.S.permits and logistics in addi-tion to spending time in thefield. Also participating in2003 were Erin Gott, DanMartin, Brian and Ruth Mutch,Cal Sandfort, Bob and LauraRosenfield, John Bogan, BradBulin, Mandi Huntington, ErikOlson, Jason Reiman, and Ben-jamin Schmitt.

CooperatorsCooperating in the workthrough authorizations arethe Commission for ScientificResearch in Greenland, Green-land Home Rule Government,Danish Polar Center, and theUnited States Air Force. TheU.S. government sponsor isthe Department of the Inte-rior/Bureau of Land Manage-ment. Genetic analysis isaccomplished with the coop-eration of Jeff Johnson andDavid Mindell at the Univer-sity of Michigan.

Financial support for this fieldseason was provided by theGordon and Betty MooreFoundation, The John D. AndCatherine T. MacArthur Foun-dation, Joe and Flinda Tertel-ing, and Dan Martin.

Special thanks to the resi-dents of Thule Air Base for allof their help and support. Wealso thank the 109th AirNational Guard for their criti-cal logistical support and rec-ognize the National ScienceFoundation for their coopera-tion. In addition, thank you toVECO and Robin Abbott andTom Quinn for their essentialhelp. Further, we thank BentBrodersen and Basse Vêngtoftof KISS. The continued coop-eration of Kaj Kampp, Copen-hagen Zoological Museum, isvalued.

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■ FUTURE PLANS

During the 2004 field season we willplace a limited number of PTTs on fal-cons in the Thule and Kangerlussuaqareas in addition to collecting bloodsamples for genetic analysis and gather-ing more information on reproduction. Inthe fall we will establish a trapping stationat Scoresbysund, East Greenland, to attachPTTs to adult Gyrfalcons and collectblood samples from a minimum of 20individuals. Further, we will spendapproximately three weeks in Iceland tocollect blood samples from as many Gyr-falcons as possible. Information fromblood will enable us to examine geneticvariation between and within these popula-tions. Knowing where and when falconsbreed, the reproduction and mortality rates,migratory timing and paths, and genetic simi-larities and differences between geographicpopulations not only increases our knowledgeof each species and their relationships, butalso allows for informed conservation recom-mendations to be made.

Right: Searching for falconeyries can be challenging.

Below: Nestling Gyrfalconsat the eyrie.

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Cal Sandfort

North GreenlandStudy Area

East GreenlandStudy Area

West GreenlandStudy Area

The Peregrine Fund’s NeotropicalRaptor Conservation Programfocuses on the 86 diurnal rap-tors that occur in the Neotropi-

cal region that encompassesCentral and South America and

the Caribbean. This region is also thewinter home for most species of birds that nest inNorth America. The program is centrally located inLatin America at our Panama branch, Fondo Pere-grino-Panamá and the Neotropical Raptor Center.We aim to conserve raptor species in jeopardy (16endangered or vulnerable species) to improveknowledge of raptor species with an emphasis onthose for which too little is known to determinetheir conservation status (21 species); answerimportant conservation questions using raptors’ecological needs as a yardstick for conservation;reduce human persecution of raptors using theHarpy Eagle as a flagship for conservation; conserveimportant tracts of land; and provide leadershipand local capacity development for raptor conserva-tion and research in Latin America. We achievethese aims through several projects:

• Development of our local organization, FondoPeregrino-Panamá

• Development of the Neotropical Raptor Net-work

• Harpy Eagle restoration project for CentralAmerica

• Harpy Eagle research and conservation project• Neotropical environmental education project• West Indies (Caribbean) raptor conservation

project• Orange-breasted Falcon project

■ 2003 RESULTS

In 2003 we made important improvements to ourlocal administrative capacity by promoting MagalyLinares to Director of Fondo Peregrino-Panamá,and by hiring and training an administrative assis-tant/bookkeeper. During the year we signed a coop-erative agreement with the United States Agency forInternational Development-Panama for financialsupport of this program worth $1.5 million overthe next four years. We also signed a cooperativeagreement with the Central American Commission

for Environment and Development (CCAD) to pro-mote the Harpy Eagle as a flagship species for con-

servation of the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor,and began expanding efforts to Belize and CostaRica. We strengthened relationships with indigenouscommunities not only in Darien province but nowin the Naso Teribe region of Bocas del Toro to facili-tate field work and collaboration related to HarpyEagle research and conservation and public educa-tion among local communities. We developed theFondo Peregrino-Panamá web site in Spanish andhave initiated the Neotropical Raptor Network witha first-ever Spanish language forum for internetcommunications dedicated to raptor research andconservation.

■ FUTURE PLANS

We will continue to build staff capacity ofFondo Peregrino-Panamá, especially in the envi-ronmental education project, and we will developa financial sustainability plan. We will review anddevelop new raptor conservation and research ini-tiatives as possible and appropriate, to includeimplementing the Neotropical Raptor Network topromote information exchange among raptorexperts, captive breeders, zoos, and other conser-vationists and decision makers.

ConserveNeotropical raptors, theirhabitats, and bio-diversity throughresearch, conser-vation interven-tions, public education, anddevelopment of local capacityfor science and conservation.

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StaffThe Neotropical Raptor Conser-vation Program is directed byRick Watson and MagalyLinares, assisted by Yanina Gue-vara, Margarita Gordon, andproject staff listed separatelyunder each project. DaveWhitacre is a senior scientistfor this program.

CooperatorsThe partnership of many organ-izations and individuals makesthis program possible, includingAutoridad Nacional del Ambi-ente (ANAM), Autoridad delCanal de Panama (ACP), Funda-cion Ciudad del Saber, and theMinistry of Education. JacoboLacs, who serves on our Boardof Directors, provides invaluablesupport and assistance.

Financial support in 2003 wasprovided by Wolf Creek Charita-ble Foundation, the UnitedStates Agency for InternationalDevelopment (USAID), DisneyWildlife Conservation Fund, Mr.and Mrs. Jacobo Lacs, and theJames and Barbara CiminoFoundation. The U.S. Agency forInternational Development hasprovided economic andhumanitarian assistance world-wide for more than 40 years.

Magaly Linares promotingthe Neotropical RaptorNetwork to participants atthe VIIth NeotropicalOrnithological Confer-ence, Puyehue, Chile, inOctober 2003.

The Neotropical Raptor Network aims to promotecollaboration and communication among raptorconservationists throughout Central and SouthAmerica and the Caribbean.

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The education program is animportant part of the largereffort to restore viable wild pop-ulations of Harpy Eagles

throughout their former rangewithin the Mesoamerican Biologi-

cal Corridor from southern Mexicothrough Panama. Harpy Eagle restoration, combinedwith a direct, on-going, and systematic environmen-tal education program, helps to protect eagles andlarge habitat tracts that maintain biodiversity andecological processes necessary for the survival of thisand many other forest species. The education projectbenefits from the Harpy Eagle’s value to Panama asthe national bird and its importance in the culturesof many countries and indigenous peoples.

■ 2003 RESULTS

This year our education program reached morethan 3,550 children and adults in the Darien regionwhere most breeding eagles remain in Panama andmore than 3,250 in the Panama Canal watershedwhere we are experimentally releasing captive-bredHarpy Eagles. We applied specially designed tradi-tional and non-traditional evaluation methods toalmost 600 participants to measure the impact ofour education program and found a significantimprovement in attitude and understanding. Regu-lar evaluations are important to measure meaning-ful results and to guide future actions.

Our partnership and support of the communityeducation program in Belize was maintainedthrough the year working in collaboration with theBelize Zoo by providing educational materials usedin communities near Harpy Eagle release sites inBelize. A non-releasable Harpy Eagle was also pro-vided to the Belize Zoo for display and education.

With the outstanding success of the Harpy Eaglebreeding effort, we have expanded the educationprogram to communities near future Harpy Eaglerelease sites in Bocas del Toro, western Panama. Wevisited 11 Naso indigenous communities with 3,340inhabitants located close to the Teribe River, as wellas another smaller indigenous group, the Ngobe-Bugle. Their traditional authorities and theregional office of the national wildlife department(ANAM) were contacted to agree on a program of

environmental education in these communities,beginning with surveys to understand attitudestoward Harpy Eagles, other raptors, and conserva-tion in general.

On a country-wide scale we completed a verysuccessful children’s drawing contest named “HarpyEagle, National Bird of Panama and Symbol ofNature Conservation.” Students from elementaryschools from across the country participated. Twelvewinners were selected by judges from ANAM, Min-istry of Education (MEDUC), AED-USAID, Insti-tuto Nacional de Cultura (INAC), ACP, and mem-bers of our staff. The contest was organized toincrease the interest and knowledge of the HarpyEagle, Panama’s national bird, and to increase prideamong Panamanian children using this spectacularbird as a conservation symbol. The winning entrieswere published in a children’s supplement of anational newspaper that is distributed to over 50,000readers and will be published as a 2004 calendar.Another success was a regional “Traditional StoryContest” organized in Darien. Students were askedto involve their parents in writing traditional storiesrelated to Harpy Eagles. The stories are being trans-lated to both Emberá and Wounaan dialects as wellas Spanish for publication in a book. We also devel-oped educational materials, such as an outdoor dis-play at our Panama headquarters, six large postersfor the Harpy Eagle Visitor’s Center at Summit Gar-den Zoo, and a “Children’s Page” on our Spanishweb site, with informative and interactive content.

■ FUTURE PLANS

Community education efforts will continue inthe Panama Canal watershed where Harpy Eaglereleases occur year around, in Darien where HarpyEagle field studies continue, and in Bocas del Torowhere Harpy Eagle releases are planned to occur inthe near future. We will continue to provide educa-tional materials and expertise as needed to ourpartners in Belize where Harpy Eagle releases areoccurring, and expand our collaborative efforts topartners in the Dominican Republic where educa-tion focuses on the critically endangered Ridgway’sHawk. We plan to finish the raptor and HarpyEagle supplement to the environmental educationcurriculum guide approved by Panama’s Ministryof Education for use in elementary schoolsthroughout the country.

Change humanattitudestowards birds ofprey, especiallyHarpy Eagles, toreduce persecu-tion and helpconserve theirhabitat and thebiodiversity itsustains.

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Neotropical Environmental

Education

StaffThis project is conducted byMarta Curti and Kathia Herrerawith assistance in the fieldfrom José Vargas and others.Also assisting with the educa-tion program were ValerieLamont, Karen Lillard, BenjaminMontuto, and Iris Villarreal.

CooperatorsWe collaborate with the Min-istry of Education (MEDUC);ANAM; ACP; Instituto Nacionalde Cultura (INAC); Soberania,Chagres, and Camino de CrucesNational Parks; EcologicalPolice; Tierras ColectivasEmberá y Wounaan, ComarcaEmberá/Wounaan, ComarcaNgobe-Bugle; SmithsonianTropical Research Institute(STRI); Academy for Educationand Development (AED); andParque Metropolitano.

Important financial supportwas received from the U. S.Agency for International Devel-opment (USAID), Wolf CreekCharitable Foundation, theDisney Wildlife ConservationFund, and the Iowa Ornitholo-gist’s Union. Clave2/ImprentaPacífico and T-Shirt Interamer-ica provided in-kind support.

Above: Kathia Herreradescribes Harpy Eagle dis-tribution and ecology tostudents in the commu-nity of Santa Clara.

Left: Peregrine Fund biol-ogist José Vargas plays agame that explains theweb of life to children inDarien.

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With hind talons the size of tigeror grizzly bear claws, the HarpyEagle is a formidable raptorwith few natural predators and

capable of capturing sloths,monkeys, and even deer. Only

humans threaten the Harpy Eagle’sexistence through direct persecution and habitatdegradation. To help conserve this species in nature,our program is multi-faceted. We are working (1) toprevent direct persecution through education (seeNeotropical Environmental Education), (2) to con-serve Harpy Eagle habitat by determining the factorslimiting eagle populations and sharing that informa-tion with local, regional, and national governments,and (3) to develop hands-on species restorationtechniques as were used for the Peregrine Falcon.Successful conservation of the Harpy Eagle providesan umbrella of protection for the entire forest anddiversity of life that lives there with the eagle.

■ 2003 RESULTS

Captive Propagation—During the second year(2002/2003 breeding season) at our new breedingfacility in Panama the three Harpy Eagle pairs laid 17eggs, of which eight were fertile and seven hatchedand survived. In comparison, during the 2001/2002breeding season we produced 17 eagles from 18 fer-tile eggs. This breeding season’s production is lowerthan the previous year’s but is likely to be normal. Atotal of 24 eagles have now been raised in Panamasince the Neotropical Raptor Center was established.

Release—In 2003, five fledgling captive-producedHarpy Eagles were relocated to Belize. One willremain in the Belize Zoo’s environmental educationprogram. The other four were successfully releasednear the Las Cuevas Research Station located close tothe Belize border with Guatemala. Once the eagleshave begun capturing their own food we intend totranslocate them to the Rio Bravo region whereabundant suitable forest exists in a safer environ-ment. The remaining 12 eagles produced in 2002 andone 2001 eagle were released in Panama’s SoberaniaNational Park. Three of the seven 2003 eaglets havealready fledged and were recently taken to our hacksite to join the other eagles. Shortly we will begin

Conserve andrestore HarpyEagle popula-tions throughhands-on management,collaborationwith local people, and field research.

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Harpy Eagle Conservation and Research

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Harpy Eagle releasedand assuming itsrightful place innature as a top pred-ator in the forests ofCentral America.

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capture of the eagles that are independent of humancare and re-release them in suitable areas in Panama,Belize, and possibly Costa Rica where large areas ofsuitable habitat remain with very few or no otherHarpy Eagles present.

Research and Conservation—The cooperativeagreements with Tierras Colectivas Emberá yWounaan and Comarca Emberá-Wounaan peopleswere extended for another three and five years,respectively, to conserve Harpy Eagles and other rap-tors within these native lands. We are now monitor-ing and annually collecting information at 22 HarpyEagle nests in Panama, and the number increasesannually. Most nests are in Darien Province whichadjoins Colombia. As part of the monitoring andresearch program, six Emberá and Wounaan parabi-ologists were trained in raptor identification, plantidentification, design and use of field techniques,monitoring of eagle nests, use of equipment such asGPS, compass, and clinometers needed for makinghabitat descriptions, and to use environmental edu-cation techniques (talks, dynamic plays, and inter-views). Training and employing parabiologists isbeing accomplished with the idea of making theHarpy Eagle project sustainable in the long term.Not only do local peoplecollect information, butthey also promote raptorconservation. RodolfoMosquera, one of theparabiologists, went toMexico to give a talkabout the conservationand education work thathe helps to implement inthe Darien.

■ FUTURE PLANS

As we continue to gain insight and experiencewith captive breeding and release of Harpy Eagles, wedetermine the number of breeding pairs and youngfor release necessary to predictably bolster remnantand reestablish extirpated populations of eagles insuitable habitats in Latin America. Although thishands-on restoration program remains experimentalas a pilot program, much has already been achieved

and learned. These results bode well not only forwhat can be achieved for the Harpy Eagle, but forother large forest eagle species globally. The newrelease locations planned for eagles are Bocas delToro, Panama, Rio Bravo in Belize, and at sites inCosta Rica that are yet to be selected.

Research and conservation actions will con-tinue in the Darien of Panama and beenhanced with indigenous groups. Environ-mental education will remain an importantpart of our conservation strategy for theHarpy Eagle.

Parabiologist EloyAripio measuresthe dbh (diameterat breast height) ofa tree as part of astudy to under-stand Harpy Eaglenest site selection.

Marta Curti ascends to a Harpy Eagle nest in Darien.A Harpy Eagle in its Neotropical forest habitat.

StaffJosé de Jesús Vargas is the Coordi-nator for the research project con-ducted in the Darien, assisted byEmberá y Wounaan parabiologistsEloy Aripio, Dadildo Carpio, Bilo-mar Doviaza, Rodolfo Mosquera,Rogelio Peña, and Gabriel Men-guizama. Nadia Sureda and SaskiaSantamaria are responsible for thecaptive propagation and AngelMuela and Marta Curti implementeagle releases. José de los SantosLópez, Noel Guerra, PrósperoGaitán, Bolívar Rodríguez, OmarFernández, and Edwin Jiménezraise raptor food and providemaintenance assistance to thearea and facilities. Assisting in thefield with Harpy Eagle releasewere Elsie Asworth, Lisa Bucci,Edwin Campbell, Johana Cedeño,Jerod Clabaugh, Bertrand Eliotout,Corrie Folsom, Humberto Fossatti,Jose Guerra, Shelly Johnson, EvaMac, Liza Mora, Phillipe Potvin,Laura Riba, Felix Sandoval, DaneSpringmeyer, Jennifer Struthers,Hau Truong, and Leah Webb.

CollaboratorsThe Harpy Eagle project dependson the partnership of many indi-viduals and organizations, includ-ing Autoridad Nacional del Ambi-ente (ANAM) and its NationalParks (Soberania, Chagres, Caminode Cruces, and Darien), Autoridaddel Canal de Panamá (ACP),Autoridad de la Región Interoceá-nia (ARI), Fundación Ciudad delSaber, Ecological Police, ComarcaEmberá-Wounaan and TierrasColectivas, Smithsonian TropicalResearch Institute, AsociaciónNacional para la Consevación dela Naturaleza (ANCON), SummitZoo, and Patronato Amigos delAguila Harpía. In Belize we counton the support and partnership ofthe Ministry of Natural Resourcesand the Environment, Programmefor Belize, and The BelizeZoo/Tropical Education Center.

Major financial support wasreceived from the U. S. Agency forInternational Development(USAID), Wolf Creek CharitableFoundation, and the Diane A.Ledder Charitable Trust.

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The Orange-breasted Falconmight have as easily been namedthe Big Footed Falcon based onits very large feet compared to

body size. With these large feet,needle sharp talons, and its impres-

sive flight abilities, the falcon preys uponbirds and bats near its cliff or treetop eyries. Like allfalcons, once it grasps its prey, a quick bite from thenotched beak kills instantly, and frequently the fal-con accomplishes this even while still in flight. Fal-cons and other raptors capture their food with nomore emotion than humans pick an apple or pull acarrot from the garden. Feeding oneself is a functionof life and death, and raptors and humans are at thetop of the food chain.

The breeding range of the Orange-breasted Fal-con once probably extended from southern Mexicothrough the tropical forests of much of South Amer-ica. We have studied the species in Belize, Guatemala,Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador, but the falcon stillremains an enigma. Much more is unknown thanknown about this elusive species that breeds at lowdensities in typically difficult locations and habitatsfor study. Most eyries in Panama can only be reachedafter many days of travel or by use of helicopters andhighly technical rope and rock climbing skills.

Of particular interest has been determining thestatus of this species. Based on our work we nowknow that the Belize/Guatemala Orange-breastedFalcon population is probably isolated from the pop-ulation in Panama and South America. We do notknow what the conservation consequences of thisisolation may be or the status of the species through-out South America. We have studied the falcon’sbreeding biology and behavior at the eyrie but stillknow little more during other times of the year orabout non-breeding individuals. We also do notknow what limits populations. Despite our consider-able past efforts there obviously remains a great dealto learn.

To increase our understanding of the Orange-breasted Falcon and safeguard it from possible extir-pation from portions of its range, we have estab-lished captive populations at both our NeotropicalRaptor Center (NRC), Panama, and at founding

Peregrine Fund Director Bob Berry’s Wolf CreekRanch facility in Wyoming. Having two coloniesgreatly reduces the potential for a catastrophic loss ofall birds and doubles the opportunity to developcaptive-breeding techniques.

■ 2003 RESULTS

In 2003 we re-surveyed known Orange-breastedFalcon nest sites in Panama and many eyries in

Belize. In Belize we collected two nestling femalesto add to our captive population in Panama. Toimprove observation and management of the cap-tive falcons at the NRC, we installed 12 cameras(two per breeding chamber) for monitoring behav-ior. Other adaptations also were made to reducedisturbance of the birds and improve the breedingenclosures. In Wyoming, despite having developeda new state-of-the-art facility for breeding thesetropical falcons only two years previous, Bob Berryconstructed a second captive breeding buildingwith an improved ergonomic design to moreclosely mimic their natural habitat and to furtherisolate this sensitive species from disease thought tobe carried by other birds of prey.

■ FUTURE PLANS

We will continue monitoring wild populations ofOrange-breasted Falcons and, as possible, expand thesearches to locate nests in new areas. A very limitednumber of falcons will be taken from the wild toround out our captive populations from which weexpect to see the first reproduction in 2005 as thefalcons reach sexual maturity.

Using small samples of blood from each captivebird, we will genetically compare Orange-breastedFalcons from the Belize/Guatemala populations tobirds from Panama. We believe that until recentlythere has been regular gene flow between these pop-ulations and do not expect to find differences.

Determine thespecies’ statusand conse-quences of popu-lation isolation infragmented land-scapes, anddevelop captivebreeding andrelease methodsfor future speciesrestoration ormanagement.

Orange breasted

FalconProject

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StaffNadia Sureda and SaskiaSantamaria are responsiblefor the captive-breedingsection and Angel Muelaand Marta Curti for the fieldwork. José de los SantosLopez, Noel Guerra,Próspero Gaitan, BolívarRodriguez, Omar Fernández,and Edwin Jiménez raiseraptor food and providemaintenance of the areaand facilities.

CooperatorsRobert Berry assists as aresearch associate in devel-oping captive-breedingtechniques for the species.Financial support is obtainedfrom the Wolf Creek Charita-ble Foundation.

In Panama we work withauthorization of the Autori-dad Nacional del Ambiente(ANAM) and ComarcaEmberá-Wounaan. Assis-tance was provided by PiñasBay Resorts, S.A. In Belize wework with authorization ofthe Ministry of NaturalResources and the Environ-ment. Important assistancewas provided by HiddenValley Inn.

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Right: Adult Orange-breasted Falcon at theeyrie.

Below: Angel Muela withnestling Orange-breastedFalcon.

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■ INTRODUCTION

The West Indies islands arevolcanic in origin and have hadlittle colonization from conti-

nental animals due to the barriercreated by the sea and the small

size offering a low number of ecologi-cal niches for colonizing species. These islandshave limited habitat and species diversity but ahigh endemism or uniqueness of the avian speciespresent. The raptors found only on the West Indiesislands of the Caribbean are no exception.

The Peregrine Fund’s interest in the West Indiesis to understand the problems and help conservethe rare and endangered raptors in this region: inGrenada the Grenada Hook-billed Kite, in Domini-can Republic the Ridgway’s Hawk, and in Cuba theGundlach’s Hawk, Cuban Kite, and nesting Pere-grine Falcons. These island species are more vul-nerable to extinction than continental speciesbecause their habitat and range are restricted by thesize of the islands on which they live.

This project provides up-to-date informationon the conservation status and ecological needs ofthe above-mentioned birds and helps establish newconservation efforts for these species and theirenvironments.

■ 2003 RESULTS

In Grenada, we began in 2000 conductingGrenada Hook-billed Kite surveys throughout theisland and found 15 individuals, two nesting pairs,and two pairs exhibiting nesting behavior.

Since then we have located kites nesting in thesouthern and central interior, a region where kiteshave never been reported nesting. In 2003, localresearcher Desmond McQueen conducted kite sur-veys and monitoring from June to October. Helocated seven nesting pairs of which six were suc-cessful in producing young to first flight. In August,Russell Thorstrom and Desmond collected bloodsamples from a nestling. The blood samples weresent to the University of Michigan in December foranalysis and to determine taxonomic status. In thefour years spent surveying and searching for kiteswe have located 15 territorial pairs in Grenada.

In Dominican Republic we are focusing on thepoorly known and critically endangered Ridgway’sHawk. This hawk was once found throughout His-paniola, the island containing the DominicanRepublic and Haiti, but nowadays it appears to belimited to the northeastern region of the country,especially around the Los Haitises region.

In 2003, from March to October, Jesús Almonteand Samuel Balbuena surveyed for Ridgway’sHawks in the Los Haitises National Park. Theyrecorded 41 territorial pairs of which 28 attemptednesting and seven pairs were successful in fledgingnine young. Nine (32%) of the 28 nests were builton top of nesting structures of Palmchats, a passer-ine endemic to Hispaniola. Two members ofSociedad Ornitologica Hispaniola (SOH) recordedtwo Ridgway’s Hawks on Samana Peninsula, thefirst time in decades this species has been observedin this region. We have begun collaborating withFundacion Moscoso Puello, Inc. (FMP) and SOHin creating an educational poster. SOH membersvisited an area northwest of the capital city ofSanto Domingo during one week to investigatepotential habitat for the presence of Ridgway’sHawks but none were observed.

In Cuba, we are supporting a Cuban biologist,Pedro Regalado, to conduct surveys and researchon the threatened Gundlach’s Hawk and nestingPeregrine Falcons. The previous Peregrine nestingsite Pedro discovered was checked but no birds

were seen. He had information about another pos-sible nesting site from local farmers, but he wasunable to confirm nesting activity. He has locatedthree nesting sites for the Gundlach’s Hawk incentral Cuba and begun observations. ArturoKirkconnell conducted a brief survey in 2003 forCuban Kites and found none.

■ FUTURE PLANS

Surveys and monitoring of the Grenada Hook-billed Kite and Ridgway’s Hawk will continue untilwe have sufficient knowledge to determine theirabundance and the most effective conservationinterventions for each species. We plan to deter-mine the taxonomic status of the Grenada Hook-billed Kite by genetic comparison with other kitespecies and races.

With support and direction from FMP, SOH,and the National Parks Department in theDominican Republic, we are developing a localand national education and conservation aware-ness campaign for the Ridgway’s Hawk and itshabitat. We will conduct surveys for Ridgway’sHawks in similar habitat in areas outside of theLos Haitises region.

In Cuba, our local partners are continuing theirsurveys for the Cuban Kites and research on nest-ing Peregrine Falcons and Gundlach’s Hawks.

Prevent theextinction of raptors foundonly on theislands in theWest Indies andconserve nativehabitats that areimportant forNorth Americanmigrating birds.

West IndiesProject

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STAFFThis project is managed by RussellThorstrom.

COLLABORATORSIn Grenada we work in partnershipwith the Grenada Dry Forest Biodi-versity Conservation Project,Grenada Forestry Department, AlanJoseph, Michael Jessamy, andresearcher Desmond McQueen.Independent researcher Bonnie Ruskin the United States provided assis-tance and her expertise.

In the Dominican Republic, inde-pendent researcher Jesús Almonteconducted most of the field work inthe Los Haitises region.We thank JimWiley, United States Fish and WildlifeService, for his continued advice.Weare collaborating with the Domini-can Republic National Parks Depart-ment that allows Samuel Balbuenade la Rosa to assist Jesús in the fieldwork.We collaborate with PedroRodríguez and Carlos Garcia of Fun-dacion Moscoso Puello, Inc., and KateWallace, Pedro Rodríguez, and EladioFernández of Sociedad OrnitologicaHispaniola.

Genetic research is accomplished byJeff Johnson and David Mindell ofthe University of Michigan.

Financial support for this project wasprovided by United States Agencyfor International Development(USAID).

Grenada Hook-billed Kite nestling sitting (relaxed) inits nest.Right: Desmond McQueen, Grenada Hook-billed Kiteresearcher, holding a nestling kite.

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The Pan-Africa Raptor Conserva-tion Program identifies priorities

and provides direction, coordi-nation, and support for raptorconservation and research proj-

ects in Africa and its associatedislands. Since beginning in 1990,

the program has supported work inCape Verde, Ethiopia, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar,South Africa, and Zimbabwe, including support of 25students at M.Sc. and Ph.D. levels. New informationhas been collected on 27 species.

■ 2003 RESULTS

Cape Verde Kite Project—The Cape Verde Kite isunique to the Cape Verde Islands off West Africawhere it is critically endangered and possibly extinct.In 2001 and 2002 The Peregrine Fund located andcaptured five kites and translocated them to theNational Birds of Prey Centre in the United King-dom. Upon molecular genetic analyses, however, wedetermined that these kites may not be the targetspecies, the “Cape Verde Kite.” This analysis, con-ducted by our associate Jeff Johnson of the Univer-sity of Michigan, measured the genetic relationshipsbetween the five captured kites and Black Kites, Red

Kites, and Yellow-billed Kites. The five samples pre-sumed to be Cape Verde Kite were identical to twoBlack Kite samples collected from mainland Africathat were sequenced (mtDNA ND2 sequence, 1041basepairs). Two specimens from the University ofMichigan Museum of Zoology that were labeled asCape Verde Kite and collected in the 1920s were alsosequenced. One, labeled as a potential hybrid, wasalso identical to the five presumed Cape Verde Kitesamples and the two Black Kite samples. The othermuseum specimen was different at seven nucleotidepositions and was genetically closer to Red Kites. Theinformation available so far is not conclusive, but itlooks like the five captured kites are either BlackKites or maternal hybrids (given that ND2 is mito-chondrial in origin). More samples are needed toverify the unique Cape Verde Kite sequence weobtained from the 1920 specimen in the collection atthe university. We are in the process of obtainingadditional museum samples from the AmericanMuseum of Natural History (AMNH), including theoriginal type specimen used to describe the species,which should help confirm the taxonomy of the cap-tured kites.

Cape Vulture Project, South Africa—Patrick Ben-son continued his long-term population study of the

Cape Vulture at the Kransberg colony, now in its23rd season of study. The decline in numbers ofbreeding pairs continued with 618 “occupied” sites(where nest building activities occurred), of which561 were “active” sites (where an egg was laid). Fromthese sites, 312 nestlings fledged, the second lowestnumber of successful fledglings in a breeding seasonsince this study began in 1981 (range = 257–578).However, of the nesting attempts resulting inhatched eggs, a higher proportion (84.7%) endedwith nestlings fledged than in any other year forwhich complete data exist during this study (rangeof previous years = 53.2%–81.7%).

Pat began the third consecutive season of moni-toring the Manutsa Cape Vulture colony in June.There were at least 499 active nest sites at this colonythis season, a higher number than was observed ineither the 2001/2002 (465) or 2002/2003 (455) sea-sons. This may be due to the earlier visit in thisbreeding season than was made during either of theprevious years, before some nest failures may haveoccurred. Of the active nests observed in this season,349 nestlings fledged.

Two sections in books were published and a paperanalyzing bones and other materials collected byCape Vultures was accepted for publication in thejournal Ostrich. Six presentations were given to birdclubs and other groups concerning this project.

Bale Mountain Raptor Project, Ethiopia—In thisstudy, Simon Thirgood is investigating the regulatoryeffects of raptor and wolf predation on theAfroalpine rodent communities of the Bale Moun-tains National Park. Results will assist in planningconservation action for the raptor community, theEthiopian wolf, and the Afroalpine ecosystem uponwhich they depend. The project was initiated inOctober 2002 by two Ethiopian assistants, AntenehShemelis and Ermias Admasu.

■ FUTURE PLANS

We hope to expand our conservation, research,and training opportunities to additional countries inAfrica, ultimately to develop raptor conservationcapacity throughout the continent and its islands.This depends, however, on support from benefac-tors. Please see the following pages for further proj-ects and results from this program.

Conserve raptorsand their habi-tats throughresearch, educa-tion, develop-ment of localcapacity for conservation and science,and hands-on intervention.

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Pan-AfricaRaptor

ConservationProgram

StaffRick Watson directs the Pan-Africa Raptor ConservationProgram, which is conductedby Ron Hartley, Simon Thom-sett, and Munir Virani.

CooperatorsWe collaborate with theNational Birds of Prey Centre(United Kingdom), Cape VerdeMinistry of Agriculture andFisheries, SEPA (Executive Sec-retariat for Environment), Insti-tuto Nacional de Investigaçãoe Desenvolvimento Agrário(INIDA), CEAI-Centro de Estu-dos de Avifauna Ibérica de Por-tugal, Cape Verde ProjectNatura 2000, Konrad Lorenz-Institute for ComparativeEthology (Austria), Universityof the Witwatersrand (SouthAfrica), University of Notting-ham and University of Stirling(United Kingdom), and otherslisted with projects on the fol-lowing pages. Genetic researchis accomplished by Jeff John-son and David Mindell of theUniveristy of Michigan.

Important financial support forthis program was provided bythe Disney Wildlife Conserva-tion Fund, Paul Tudor Jones, II,and David Maritz.

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A Cape Vulture soars along the Kransberg cliffs,Waterberg Range, South Africa.

The Peregrine Fund begancooperating with and assistingthe Zimbabwe Falconers’ Club(ZFC) in 1983. This organiza-

tion has been the primary rap-tor conservation organization in

the region. The falconers have mon-itored raptor nests, accomplished studies on little-known species, collected data on DDT and otherenvironmental contaminants, studied effects ofhabitat change on raptors, established captive-breeding populations for endangered raptors, andoperated educational programs. This highly success-ful program has been applied over the past 28 yearsas a result of a formal agreement between the ZFCand the Department of National Parks and WildlifeManagement and the hard work of a group of dedi-cated falconer conservationists. Their successes canserve as an example for other countries and regions.

■ 2003 RESULTS

Research was accomplished on a variety of topicsand species this year. While monitoring the TeitaFalcon population in the Batoka Gorge (begun in1983), an inventory on all raptors was conductedfrom Victoria Falls to a proposed dam site about60 km downstream. A project that began in 1999focused on the role of hyrax as prey on a localizedraptor population and continued with the study ofsix pairs of Black Eagles, three pairs of CrownedEagles, and four African Hawk Eagles. After twoyears of intensive fieldwork in the Mtoko area, anesting pair of the rare Ayres’ Hawk-eagle waslocated. Few nests of this eagle have been found andthe only detailed studies were done in Kenya in the1950s and 1960s by the late famous raptor biologistLeslie Brown. Fifteen nesting pairs of Barred Owlswere located in the Karoi area providing insightsinto nesting behavior of these elusive owls whichnest in holes in trees. Many other studies aimed at

collecting new information on the breeding biologyand ecology of species were also accomplished.

Of special interest are the long-term studiesbeing accomplished that document the effect onhabitat and raptor populations resulting fromhuman invasions into pristine areas and previouslycarefully managed farm lands. Habitat degradationis occurring, but in the short term, and of greaterconcern, is the direct human persecution on raptorsand their nests. Maintaining private nature reservessuch as Malilangwe Conservency, that are rich inraptors and other wildlife, is very important forconservation of nature in Zimbabwe.

■ FUTURE PLANS

We will continue to assist the Zimbabwe Falcon-ers’ Club in their raptor conservation and researchefforts. The continuing political and social upheavaland uncertainty in Zimbabwe, however, makes itdifficult to plan long term.

Develop localcapacity forresearch andconservation ofbirds of preythrough training,support, andhands-on conservation.

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Zimbabwe

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StaffRon Hartley managesthe Zimbabwe Project.

CooperatorsWe collaborate with theZimbabwe Falconer’sClub and the ZimbabweDepartment of NationalParks and Wild LifeManagement.

Financial support forthis project was pro-vided by Paul TudorJones, II.

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Left: Ian Learmonth,tutored in falconry by RonHartley, thrives on thehands-on field experiencethis sport provides.

Right: Crowned Eagles inSave Conservancy wherethey occurred at high den-sity and typically inBaobab trees. Some pairsnow face threats fromland invaders.

East Africa’s rich biologicaldiversity includes at least one-fifth of the world’s raptorspecies. This diversity is intri-

cately linked to a spectaculararray of habitats including

savanna grasslands, lakes, rivers,forests, and alpine moorlands, many of which arenow under serious threat. An expanding humanpopulation is putting severe pressure on the envi-ronment. Impoverished people are forced to useresources unsustainably, while natural habitats con-tinue to be cleared and converted. Land is degradedand water polluted; ecosystems are damaged andtheir functions impaired. As a result, raptor popu-lations have severely declined while some speciessuch as Bearded Vultures, Crowned Eagles, andCassin’s Hawk Eagles are in danger of becominglocally extirpated.

Without concertedand carefully focusedconservation actions,East Africa is likely tolose much of its wildlife,including its raptors.Biologists must thereforeachieve conservationgoals alongside commu-nity participation toensure sustainableresults. There is a criticalneed to understand thestate of habitats; which

are the most threatened and which therefore requirethe most urgent attention? By focusing on the eco-logical needs of raptors in these threatened habitats,we aim to develop scientifically sound conservationstrategies to ensure effective habitat managementand consequently the survival of raptors.

Simon Thomsett and Munir Virani have beenconducting raptor research, training, education, andawareness programs since the project began in 1992.Our primary goal is to monitor population trends ofraptors at risk in threatened habitats. Informationobtained provides an indicator of the status of rap-tor populations and need for conservation actions.

Throughout this work, we create opportunitiesfor hands-on research and education and training ofstudents and others to develop local capacity andenthusiasm for nature conservation and science.With support and training of six students at M.Sc.and Ph.D levels, our knowledge of species such asSokoke Scops Owls, Augur Buzzards, Martial Eagles,African Fish Eagles, and Crowned Eagles has signifi-cantly increased over the past decade.

■ 2003 RESULTS

African Fish Eagle—The African Fish Eagle is thequintessential ambassador of aquatic ecosystems inAfrica. Horticulture, Kenya’s third largest foreignexchange earner, is developing rapidly along theshores of Lake Naivasha in Kenya’s Rift Valley and isthreatening to alter the shoreline of Lake Baringo, 100miles north of Naivasha. An exponential influx ofhuman laborers, plus a demand for fuel wood andwater, further exacerbates the already fragile state ofthe lake’s ecosystem on which the fish eagle depends.Over the last 10 years, we have closely monitoredpopulations of African Fish Eagles at Lake Naivasha.African Fish Eagle populations have increased from62 birds in 1997 to between 95 and 100 individuals in2003 following heavy rains and a ban on fishing since2000. A 19% immature to adult ratio in 2003 indi-cated a healthy breeding population despite increasesin horticultural and human population growth. Wepublished a paper in the journal Hydrobiologia thatdiscusses the factors affecting the species’ populationdynamics at Lake Naivasha. We also collected data onthe fish eagle for a fourth year at Lake Baringo wherethe population remains stable at 15 territorial pairs.

Crowned Eagle—Kenya’s forests are in a desper-ate state with less than 2% of the country under pri-mary forest. Over the last 10 years we have captivebred and released five Crowned Eagles in Tsavo WestNational Park. Our goal is to raise awareness of theurgent need to restore and conserve Kenya’s forestsby using this “forest flagship species” as a conserva-tion and education focus. The species is highlydependent on forests for food and nest trees. With a60% survival rate, two territories have been estab-lished while two released birds have paired up, builta nest, and were observed to copulate.

Gyps vultures—Vultures play a key ecological rolein East Africa’s savanna grasslands. Being proverbialscavengers, they consume nearly 70% of large ani-mals that die from disease or other causes. Vulturesdispose of rotting carcasses and disease-causingorganisms and also help maintain the flow of car-bon, nitrogen, and other nutrients in the ecosystem.

We began monitoring vulture populations in2001 in response to the collapse of vulture popula-tions in south Asia. We conducted a second year offield studies in 2003 at Hell’s Gate National Parkand Lake Kwenia to investigate whether popula-tions of Rüppell’s Vultures were declining along thesame magnitude as that observed in South Asia. AtHell’s Gate, 65 Rüppell’s Vultures, including 12active nests, were observed at the main breedingcolony. Breeding success was measured at 0.75chicks per nest, an increase from 0.4 chicks per nestfrom the previous year. At Lake Kwenia, 182 Rüp-pell’s Vultures, including 39 occupied nests, wereobserved in October. Populations of the species atboth sites remained stable with no unusually highmortalities observed.

Education, training, and awareness—Raptors atthe Athi River Raptor Facility continue to provideinspiration. Over 500 individuals visited the centerin 2003. Three raptor identification courses wereconducted and a Bearded Vulture video was madeand used by Kenya Wildlife Service, Hell’s GateManagement Committee, and Elsamere EducationCenter to inform visitors about the importance ofthe species. Simon Thomsett successfully negotiatedwith geothermal power companies to detour powerlines at Hell’s Gate where collisions with vultureswere inevitable. Simon also constructed a raptor-safe waterhole at Hell’s Gate. This replaced one thatwas lethal to raptors, which drowned when theytried to drink or bathe, and will serve as a model forreplacing others in Kenya’s national parks. We aresupporting Paul Kirui, a naturalist based in theMara Reserve, to locate and GPS raptor nests todetermine the birds’ spatial and temporal breedingpatterns.

National Parks Project - Mara Raptor Survey—The Serengeti-Mara complex is one of the mostwell-studied ecosystems in Africa except for its rap-

Monitor popula-tions of raptorsat risk, under-stand their eco-logical needs,develop scientifi-cally sound con-servation plansto ensure theirsurvival, anddevelop localcapacity toachieve results.

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Using light aircraft,Simon Thomsett (pic-tured) and Munir Viranisurvey for Rüppell’s Vul-tures breeding on cliffsnear Lake Kwenia.

Mu

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StaffThe East Africa projectis conducted bySimon Thomsett andMunir Virani.

CooperatorsWe collaborate withthe Department ofOrnithology at theNational Museums ofKenya, Kenya WildlifeServices, GameRanching Limited AthiRiver, Hell’s Gate Man-agement Committee,University of Leicester(United Kingdom),Lake Naivasha Ripar-ian Association, ARocha, Nature Kenya,Heritage Hotels, andthe County Councilsof Baringo andKoibatek.

tors, six of which are regionally threatened. TheMara Reserve is the most visited national park inKenya. Although it is famous for its wildlife and theannual migrations of antelope and wildebeests,rapidly changing land-uses threaten the future ofthis World Heritage Site. Uncontrolled developmentof tourist lodges, a growing Masai population, andunabated expansion of large-scale wheat farmsclose to the reserve’s periphery have altered theMara landscape with obvious impacts on biodiver-sity. We have conducted three surveys since July tocollect baseline information on raptor distributionand abundance along a gradient of different landuse regimes. The spectacular large wildlife migra-tion in the Mara transforms the area into animportant feeding ground for scavenging raptorsacross a wider region. Populations of vulturesincreased 15-fold while those of Bateleurs increasedthree-fold during the herbivore migration. Theadjacent pastoral and agricultural areas typicallyhad fewer species of raptors, mainly Augur Buz-zards that are characteristic of rapidly changinghuman-altered habitats. We believe that our datawill contribute importantly towards an overallMara Management Plan aimed at reducing threatsto the Mara ecosystem.

■ FUTURE PLANS

We have a busy year planned for 2004. (1)Simon Thomsett will collect Bearded Vulturenestlings to establish a captive stock for breedingand release. Despite these vultures regularly hatch-ing two young, only one survives because of sibli-cide. One nestling can therefore be removed with-out reducing wild reproduction. (2) We willcontinue population monitoring and build onexisting data from the Rüppell’s Vulture and theAfrican Fish Eagle. (3) We will expand ourNational Parks Project to include more protectedareas from where baseline data on raptors will becollected. (4) Crowned Eagle releases will go on asthey generate public interest and understandingabout the need to conserve forest raptors. (5) Wewill continue to educate East Africans on aspects ofraptor biology through hands-on training and rap-tor identification courses.

23

An African Fish Eaglesnatches a fish from thewater in a spectacular dis-play of dexterity.

Below: Munir Virani setsout at dawn to surveyAfrican Fish Eagles onLake Naivasha.

Ton

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Ton

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■ INTRODUCTION

Madagascar is the fourthlargest island in the world andone of the important biodiver-

sity conservation “hotspots.”Twenty-four raptor species occur

in Madagascar, and 13 are unique tothis large island. Three of Madagascar’s raptors areclassified as endangered. The Madagascar Serpent-Eagle and Madagascar Red Owl occur in the easternrainforests where we rediscovered them in 1993 afterthey were previously thought by some to be extinct.The Madagascar Fish Eagle occurs in western Mada-gascar’s wetlands, rivers, mangroves, and offshoreislands where we have pioneered community-basedconservation to protect some of the country’s lastintact wetlands shared by fish eagles and localSakalava fishermen.

The Peregrine Fund began work in Madagascar in1990 to help preserve endangered birds of prey, par-ticularly the Madagascar Fish Eagle, Madagascar Ser-pent-Eagle, and Madagascar Red Owl, and theirunique habitat. We have helped create Madagascar’slargest national park to protect 210,000 ha of rain-forest habitat for these species on Masoala Peninsula.We are providing important information, training,and assistance to other conservation projects, such asthe community-based conservation of wetlands, dis-tribution of and threats to Malagasy raptors, anddeveloping local capacity for conservation throughlocal personnel and student training, education, andsupport.

Part of The Peregrine Fund’s Madagascar Projectis providing training and experiences to nationalMalagasy students and local people. We have sup-ported 12 Malagasy students at M.Sc. and Ph.D.levels, three other students from the United Statesand England at M.Sc. and Ph.D. levels, trained 20local people as field technicians, and involved oth-ers as staff, volunteers, and visiting students. Manyof these students have completed and publishedstudies on Malagasy raptors and other birds, fish-eries, lemur ecology, and ethnobotany. This coregroup of educated and trained Malagasy people willenable the continuation of work in conservationand biodiversity that we began in the early 90s. We

continue to support a Malagasy staff of 24 individ-uals who are a key component to preserving Mada-gascar’s natural heritage.

■ 2003 RESULTS

We have two major projects in Madagascar. One isin the western central part of the country where theMadagascar Fish Eagle and Wetlands ConservationProject is based around several lakes. This area wasrecently designated as a Ramsar site under an inter-national treaty for preserving important wetlandhabitat and biodiversity. We established a researchcamp at one of the lakes to conduct studies on theendangered fish eagle and work with the local com-munities in the area. We are assisting in the transferof control and management of the natural resourcesto two local charter associations. The local commu-nities have good conservation practices, which willhelp conserve the endangered Madagascar Fish Eagleand its habitat. This project is setting in place a 1996law that empowers local communities to createresource management associations. These associa-

tions are allowed to control and conserve wetlandbiodiversity while at the same time meeting suste-nance needs of local people on a sustainable basis.

In 2003 we assisted the associations in their com-pletion of delimiting the boundary of their resourcemanagement areas that are under their control andjurisdiction. We provided transportation and sup-port to the associations to establish a bank accountto manage the collection of fees and payment ofexpenses for fishing and fish-selling permits. Wehave also provided material and equipment for theassociations to continue low-cost monitoring of fish-ery and forestry resources. We passed the operationof the tree and plant nursery over to the two associa-tions and continued to provide logistical, material,financial, and technical support.

Malagasy M.Sc. equivalent student TolojanaharyAndriamala finished his second and final field seasonon the ecology of the Yellow-billed Kite in westernMadagascar. He is in the process of analyzing andwriting his thesis from his observation of 12 nestingterritories. M.Sc. equivalent student Juliot Rama-

Prevent theextinction ofendangered rap-tors, assist in theconservation ofessential habitat,and develop localcapacity for con-servation usingMadagascar’srare and endan-gered birds ofprey as a focus.

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Russell Th

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Female Madagascar Serpent-Eagle guarding herthree-week-old nestling in Masoala National Park.

STAFFRussell Thorstrommanages the Mada-gascar Project withAristide Andrianarim-isa, Lily-Arison Renéde Roland, JeanneneyRabearivony, JeanetteRavaoarisoa, and astaff of 20 inMadagscar.

COOPERATORSWe collaborate withthe Ministére desEaux et Forêts(MEF/DEF), Ministérede l’EnseignementSupérier (MinSup),and Ministére de laRecherche Appliquéeau Dévelopment(MRAD), Associationpour la Gestion desAires Protégées(ANGAP), Organiza-tion National pourl’Environment (ONE),University of Antana-narivo, United NationsEducational, Scientificand Cultural Organi-zation (UNESCO), ParcBotanique etZoologique de Tsim-bazaza, World WideFund for Nature(WWF-Madagascar),Wildlife ConservationSociety, ConservationInternational,Ranomafana NationalPark, Projét Masoala,Madagascar FaunalGroup, Durrell WildlifeConservation Insti-tute, University ofNottingham, UnitedKingdom, and manyothers.

Financial support forthis project was pro-vided by Conserva-tion International-CEPF, ConservationInternational-Mada-gascar, Liz Claiborneand Art OrtenbergFoundation, WildlifeConservation Society,and Ramsar Conven-tion Bureau.

monjisoa began his first field season on the ecologyof the recently described Torotoroka Scops Owl inwestern Madagascar. He located five territorial pairs,banded 11 individuals, and found one nest thatfledged two young during his first field season.British doctoral student Ruth Tingay completedmolecular genetics studies and is writing her thesison the unusual breeding behavior of the MadagascarFish Eagle and the genetic relationship among pairs,off-spring, and extra-pair birds at the nest.

The second project is the Masoala Rainforest Pro-ject in the lowland forests of Masoala Peninsula ofnortheastern Madagascar. This peninsula is a road-less region with one of the largest blocks of intactrainforest remaining in Madagascar. Our aim is togather basic natural history and ecological informa-tion on endangered and poorly-known raptors andachieve conservation. In September 2003, we locatedthe fourth known nesting pair of Madagascar Ser-pent-Eagles about 3 km north of our research camp,Andranobe Field Station. The nesting pair laid twoeggs, both eggs hatched, and one young succumbedto siblicide during its first week. The other youngwas suspected to have been killed by a MadagascarHarrier Hawk at 30 days of age. Lily-Arison René deRoland continues surveying for and recording thedistribution of Madagascar Serpent-Eagles in theremaining forest blocks within the eastern region.

■ FUTURE PLANS

The fish eagle and wetlands community conserva-tion project is in its final probationary year, and thecommunities are hoping the national governmentwill award them their first 10-year managementperiod. We will continue to assist the two local asso-ciations. We will provide logistical and material sup-port, technical expertise, awareness meetings, conser-vation directions, and support to the localassociations to manage their natural resources thatthey share with the fish eagles.

We will continue to study Madagascar Serpent-Eagles in the Masoala region and survey in remoterainforest areas to determine the distribution and sta-tus of serpent-eagles throughout this eastern regionof Madagascar. We will assist students to completeand publish their research on raptors in Madagascar.

25

Russell Th

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Malagasy M.Sc. stu-dent TolojanaharyAndriamalala weigh-ing a nestling Yellow-billed Kite. Tolo isstudying the breedingecology of this kite inwestern Madagascar.

The Asia-Pacific Programincludes the Oriental and partsof the Australasian andPalearctic biogeographical

regions. We focus on the mostthreatened species on the islands

between the Pacific and IndianOceans, the critically endangered Asian vultures, andtraining in Mongolia where raptors are still relativelyabundant.

■ 2003 RESULTS

New Guinea Harpy Eagle Project—The islandsin the Asia-Pacific region, roughly the area betweenSoutheast Asia and Australia, are notable for theirspecies diversity and urgent conservation needs.There still appears to be time to save most of theunique raptors and avifauna in countries like PapuaNew Guinea where there is some degree of politicalstability, local interest in conservation, and relativelylow human population density. Developing localcapacity for conservation is critical to long-termsuccess.

This project focuses on the New Guinea HarpyEagle, one of the most poorly-known large raptorsin the world. Despite its large size, neither its basicbiology nor its present population status are known.From an ecological standpoint, this species is similarto the four other large crowned forest eagles whichwe are studying on other continents, including theCrested and Harpy Eagles of the Neotropics, theCrowned Eagle of the African mainland, and thePhilippine Eagle (through support provided to thePhilippine Eagle Foundation). A detailed study ofthe New Guinea species will clarify its conservationstatus, generate ecological data of comparative inter-est to the other species, and also promote local con-servation capacity in Papua New Guinea.

In 2003 New Guinea field assistants SmithAsoyama and Amos Hatwara located six NewGuinea Harpy Eagle nests from 10 pairs in variousstages of the breeding cycle, providing what nowamounts to an adequate sample size for furtherresearch. In September, Wildlife Conservation Soci-

Conserve species in jeop-ardy throughresearch, hands-on intervention,and develop-ment of localcapacity.

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ConservationProgram

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Nyambayar Batbayar (left)with local herders holdingthe raptor calendar usedto inform Mongolianherders about raptors.

Right: Mark Fuller andNyambayar Batbayar useradio-telemetry to trackCinereous Vultures.

Sum

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Sum

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StaffRick Watson directsthis program which isconducted by MartinGilbert, Munir Virani,and Asim Muham-mad.

CooperatorsIn Papua New Guineawe collaborate withthe Research andConservation Founda-tion of Papua NewGuinea, Wildlife Con-servation Society,Andrew Mack andBanak Gamui, and thepeople of the CraterMountain WildlifeManagement Area.

In Mongolia we col-laborate with WorldWide Fund for Nature-Mongolia and theMongolian Academyof Sciences. In theUnited States we workwith Mark Fuller, USGSSnake River Field Sta-tion and RaptorResearch Center, BoiseState University, withfinancial support pro-vided by the Trust forMutual Understand-ing.

On the PhilippineEagle project, we col-laborate with thePhilippine EagleFoundation and Jimand Joyce Grier.

ety cooperator Andrew Mack identified New Guineastudent Leo Lagra to conduct this study with oursupervision and support. We provided a grant tobegin his field training and research which is now inprogress.

Mongolia Project—This project will improveMongolia’s response to raptor conservation bytraining a Mongolian biologist in raptor biologywho will then work within conservation or scienceorganizations such as World Wildlife Fund-Mongo-lia or the Mongolian Academy of Science. Theresearch conducted by Mongolian biologist Nyam-bayar Batbayar as part of his M.Sc. will provide newinformation on the ecology of the Cinereous Vul-ture. In 2003 Nyambayar completed required grad-uate level classes in raptor biology at Boise StateUniversity and completed his second and final fieldresearch season in Mongolia. He located 202 nests,of which 106 were occupied, in three habitat andland-use areas, including both tree and rock-boul-

der nests. He wing-tagged 12 vultures in 2002 andobtained five sighting returns from South Koreaand Nepal during the 2002/03 winter, providing thefirst evidence of a winter migration in this species.Nyamba was awarded a grant from the WildlifeConservation Society for further studies usingsatellite PTTs to track migrating vultures. Thiswork will be completed after his anticipated gradu-ation in 2004.

In October 2003, Nyamba participated in theAsian Raptor Research and Conservation Networkconference in Taiwan, and a meeting in South Koreato enhance raptor conservation and research studiesbetween Mongolia and Korea.

Philippine Eagle Project—The Peregrine Fundannually assists the Philippine Eagle Foundation andwe encourage others to do likewise. This is a dedi-cated group of highly motivated people who eachyear produce meaningful results for conservation of

the Philippine Eagle and raptors in the Philippines.For further information about the organization andtheir accomplishments write the Philippine EagleFoundation, VAL Learning Village, Ruby Street, Mar-

fori Heights, Davao City, Philippines, or email atphileagl@info.com.ph and visit their web site atwww.philippineeagle.org.

■ FUTURE PLANS

In New Guinea we will continue to provide sup-port and training to student Leo Lagra for his studyof the ecology of New Guinea Harpy Eagles, workingalongside Smith Asoyama and Amos Hatwara to findand study this elusive species. Mongolian biologistNyambayar Batbayar will complete his M.Sc. andreturn to Mongolia as a specialist in raptor conserva-tion.

We plan to continue to assist the Philippine EagleFoundation.

27

Pho

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urtesy o

f Neil Rettig

Prod

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ns,In

c.

Philippine Eagle.

The Peregrine Fund has workedsince 2000 to diagnose the causeof the catastrophic decline inGyps vultures in South Asia as a

first step in the effort to helpprevent their probable extinc-

tions. In 2003 we made a major, first-ever discovery: the cause of vulture decline is fromthe toxic effects on vultures of a common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug called diclofenac.

Our discovery was published in the scientificjournal Nature on 12 February 2004. Diclofenac isused therapeutically on livestock to relieve pain andinflammation. When livestock die within a few daysof treatment with diclofenac, their tissues still con-tain sufficient residues to be lethal to vultures. Vul-tures perform an essential ecological role in SouthAsia by consuming livestock that die and, for reli-gious reasons, are often left for vultures to remove.Sufficient numbers of contaminated carcasses havebeen available to vultures for over a decade to causean approximate 30% annual mortality, resulting inan overall decline of about 95% by 2003. This is thefirst time that a pharmaceutical drug has beendemonstrated to cause massive ecological damagewith the potential to cause extinctions of at leastthree vulture species in about a decade.

■ 2003 RESULTS

Our field studies revealed that in 2003 two of thelargest known remaining breeding colonies of Ori-ental White-backed Vultures, with over 1,600 breed-ing pairs when we began studies in 2000, werereduced to zero. The third major study colony wasreduced by 67% to just 162 breeding pairs byNovember 2003, having declined 50% in just the pre-vious 12 months. This unprecedented rate of declinemeans that we have a very small window of oppor-tunity to take remedial action to prevent this species’extinction–a matter of months rather than years.Two priority actions were identified:1. Ensure that governments are committed to

removing diclofenac from the vultures’ foodsource and are committed to assist vulturespecies’ recovery, and

2. Immediately collect birds from the wild forfuture species restoration once the environ-ment is clean. Based on mathematical popu-lation modeling and best estimates, we haverecommended that at least 25 pairs of eachspecies should be placed in each of at leastthree separate facilities.

In addition, in October 2003 we conducted fieldsampling of livestock carcasses to measure carcasscontamination rates. This information is needed tohelp bolster evidence that diclofenac is responsiblefor vulture declines. Rhys Green from the RoyalSociety for Protection of Birds (RSPB) and ThePeregrine Fund Director Ian Newton developed amathematical model that demonstrated that fewerthan 1 in 250 carcasses available to vultures wouldneed to have been contaminated to have caused theobserved decline.

In November 2003 we began testing whether pro-visioning clean food at a vulture colony could reducethe probability that foraging vultures wouldencounter a contaminated carcass and die. Wetagged six vultures with precision satellite radio tags(Global Positioning System/PTT) that located vul-tures hourly for a month before provisioning began,during a month of provisioning, and after provision-ing. Results showed a reduced foraging range causedby provisioning, suggesting that provisioning may

Help prevent the extinction ofthree species ofGyps vulture onthe Indian sub-continent.

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The discovery that thelethal effect on vulturesof diclofenac residues inlivestock is responsiblefor the catastrophicdecline in south Asianvulture populations wasa team effort, including:back row, from left:Muhammad Arshad,Martin Gilbert, RickWatson, Lindsay Oaks,and Jamshed Chaudhry;bottom row, from left:Shakeel Ahmed, MunirVirani, and AleemAhmed Khan.

In February 2004 wehosted a Summit Meetingin Kathmandu, Nepal.Speaking at the openingof the meeting, from left:Bashir Ahmed Wani (Gov-ernment of Pakistan), HemSagar Baral (Bird Conser-vation Nepal), Bill Burn-ham (The Peregrine Fund),Mohan Bahadur Karki(Government of Nepal),Michael Malinowski (U.S.Ambassador to Nepal),and Asheem Strivastav(Government of India).

File ph

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StaffThis project isdirected by RickWatson and con-ducted by MartinGilbert, Munir Virani,and MuhammadAsim.

CooperatorsDiagnostic analyseswere conducted by J.Lindsay Oaks of Wash-ington State Univer-sity. Genetic researchis accomplished byJeff Johnson andDavid Mindell of theUniversity of Michi-gan.

We work in partner-ship with the Ornitho-logical Society of Pak-istan, BirdConservation Nepal,EnvironmentalResearch and WildlifeDevelopment Agency,Royal Society for theProtection of Birds,and Bombay NaturalHistory Society, andrely on the field assis-tance of BahauddinZakariya Universitystudents ShakeelAhmed, MuhammadJamshed IqbalChaudhry, Muham-mad Arshad, ShahidMahmood, andAhmad Ali. Also assist-ing the project wasJohn Turner, AssistantSecretary of the U. S.State Department.

Important financialsupport was providedby the Gordon andBetty Moore Founda-tion, Royal Society forthe Protection ofBirds, Disney WildlifeConservation Fund,Lucia Liu Severing-haus, and Tom andRenetta Cade.

temporarily reduce mortality of breeding vulturesfrom diclofenac poisoning. It may have little benefitfor non-breeding birds that wander widely.

■ FUTURE WORK

With our partners in Nepal, Bird ConservationNepal (BCN), and with the assistance of theU. S. Department of State, in February 2004 wehosted a Summit Meeting in Kathmandu for govern-ment representatives from India, Pakistan, and Nepalto provide them with the scientific evidence fordiclofenac as the cause of vulture decline. During aforum the following day, delegates drafted a resolu-tion stating their commitment to control the veteri-nary use of diclofenac and help restore species. At thesame meeting, the Environmental Research andWildlife Development Agency (ERWDA) from theUnited Arab Emirates offered to the government ofPakistan (GoP) assistance with species recovery byhosting up to 25 pairs of each of the three species, atleast until breeding facilities can be built elsewhereand local staff trained. The Peregrine Fund is workingwith both ERWDA and GoP to formalize this offerinto an agreement and to ensure the safe capture andtranslocation of up to 70 each of Oriental White-backed Vultures and Long-billed Vultures from Pak-istan to Abu Dhabi. An operation of this size, com-plexity, and urgency will be a challenge requiring thecooperation of many individuals and organizationswith the survival of the species as their priority.

Field studies will continue to monitor the sur-vival of vultures at known remaining breedingcolonies and we have begun a new effort to find andmonitor all remaining vulture colonies throughoutthe species’ ranges across South and Southeast Asia.This project involves the help of volunteers whoannually count the number of breeding pairs at localsites and provide the data to us to post for immedi-ate use on our Asian Vulture Population Project website: www.peregrinefund.org/vulture_project.html

Survival of at least three vulture species is in thehands of The Peregrine Fund and other organiza-tions such as ERWDA, BCN, RSPB, and the BombayNatural History Society who are working in coordi-nation within India and Nepal with similar goals.

29

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Student Shakeel Ahmed before releasingan Oriental White-backedVulture tagged with a GPSsatellite radio.

Martin

Gilb

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$10,000–19,999 The AhmansonFoundation

Boise CascadeCorporation

Burlington ResourcesMr. and Mrs. Yvon V.Chouinard

Liz Claiborne and ArtOrtenberg Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. PeterDavidson

Decade Charitable LeadAnnuity Trust

Grasslans CharitableFoundation

Walter C. Hill and FamilyFoundation

Karen and Tim HixonIdaho PowerFoundation, Inc.

The Kearny AllianceDiane A. LedderCharitable Trust

Harry W. MorrisonFoundation, Inc.

Velma V. Morrison andJohn J. Hockberger

The Terteling CompanyToledo ZooJane Smith TurnerFoundation

U.S. Bancorp FoundationWilliam and Noel WadeWiancko Family DonorAdvised Fund of theCommunity Foundationof Jackson Hole

Ron and Linda Yanke

$5,000–9,999American Electric PowerMr. Frank BondBullitt Foundation, Inc.Sidney S. Byers Charitable Trust

James and BarbaraCimino Foundation

Conservation Interna-tional-Madagascar

T. Halter CunninghamEarth Friends WildlifeFoundation

Ms. Rebecca Gaples andMr. Simon Harrison

Gannett CommunitiesFund

Geo-Marine, Inc.Globe FoundationMr. Walter Huston

Institute of Museum andLibrary Services

Islands Fund

Mr. and Mrs. Henry C.Kendall

Mr. and Mrs. Jacobo Lacs

Mr. and Mrs. MikeMaples

Mr. Hal Maxey

Patagonia

The Philadelphia Foundation

Mr. H. Charles Price

Salt River Project

The Tapeats Fund

The Teddy Foundation

The Timken Family Charitable Trust

Peter T. Toot

Daniel M. Ziff Foundation

Dirk E. Ziff Foundation

$2500–4999 APS, Inc.

Dr. and Mrs. Tom J. Cade

Mr. Scott A. Crozier

Mr. Kevin A. Finn

Mr. and Mrs. CharlieHartwell

Scott Higer/MeridianVeterinary Clinic

Key Foundation

Luther King CapitalManagement

John D. & Catherine T.MacArthur Foundation

Micron TechnologyFoundation, Inc.

The Moore CharitableFoundation

Mr. Gary Mullard/Northern Stone Supply

North American Falconers Association

Ms. Conni Pfendler

Mr. Scott Struthers

John and Vicki Swift

Ten Times Ten Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Robert Wallick

Wallick Family Foundation

World Wildlife Fund

$1000–2499Ada County Association of RealtorsFoundation, Inc

Arizona Strip Bureau ofLand Management

Mr. and Mrs. Scott AuvilBank of America Foundation

Drs. Frederick A. Belandand Susan S. Beland

Dr. Richard Bierregaardand Ms. Cathy Dolan

Mr. and Mrs. GaryBoberg

The Brodsky CharitableFoundation Trust

Dr. and Mrs. Bill Burnham

Mr. Kurt BurnhamCaxton Printers, Ltd.Jeff, Kathy, Jack, andRobert Cilek

Mr. Ronald G. ClarkeMs. Christina E. Claytonand Mr. Stanley Kolber

Dr. Howard L. CogswellRobert Comstock Company

The ConAgraFoundation

Mr. and Mrs. Frank T.Curtin

Count Charles de GanayMr. Peter DeversMr. Paul DicksonMr. and Mrs. Harold S.Eastman

The Fanwood Foundation

Mr. Jeffrey A. Goodbyand Ms. Jan L. Deming

Grand Canyon Conservation Fund

Mrs. Helen K. GrovesThe Hackborn Foundation, Inc.

Frederic C. HamiltonFamily Foundation

Mr. Edward H. HarteDr. Stephen HillMr. and Mrs. RichardHokin

Idaho National GuardINEEL through corporatefunds from BechtelBWXT Idaho, LLC

Iowa Ornithologists’Union

Mr. and Mrs. J. PeterJenny

Mr. and Mrs. DavidJunkin, II

Mr. and Mrs. DonaldKayser

Joan and Herb Kelleher CharitableFoundation

Mr. and Mrs. Harvey C.King

Dr. Kristine Klewin

Irving Kohn Foundation, Inc.

Mr. Frank Y. Larkin

Mr. David MacGregorMalcolm

Mr. Stanley Marcus

Mr. Dan Martin

Mr. and Mrs. Harry C.McElroy

Mr. Marshall B. Miller and Ms. Claudia P.Huntington

Mr. and Mrs. William Nee

Mr. and Mrs. James C.Nelson

North American RaptorBreeders Association

Ms. Kathleen Orlenko

Mr. and Mrs. Walter Parks

Mr. and Mrs. SpencePorter

Mr. and Mrs. Charles S.Rainwater

Rocky Mountain PGAFoundation, Inc.

The Rosewood Foundation

Sandpiper Fund

Ms. Carol Peden Schatt

Ms. Cynthia S. Schotte

Mr. Richard T. Schotte

Mrs. Marian Seibert

Dr. Lucia Liu Severinghaus

Mr. and Mrs. Will Shor

Mr. Jack M. Stephens

Ms. Audrey Thompson

Mr. Richard S. Thorsell

Mr. and Mrs. H.B.Wallace

Weyerhaeuser CompanyFoundation

Mr. and Mrs. Jim Zachow

The Peregrine Fund

is a not-for-profit

organization and can

only operate

through the sup-

port of voluntary

contributions.

Because no work

could have been

done without this

financial support,

the birds truly are in

your hands.We are

proud to list the

individuals, busi-

nesses, organiza-

tions, founda-

tions, and

agencies who

have contributed

$100 or more, includ-

ing gifts of goods or services,

during 2003.We regret that space

limits us to listing only those who

have contributed at that level and

above. Every donor is very important to

us, and your continuing participation

makes the programs possible.We thank each

and every one of you for your partnership.

$20,000 or moreLee and Ramona Bass FoundationMr. Frank BeebeArchie W. and Grace Berry FoundationMr. Harry BettisThe Bobolink FoundationThe Brown Foundation, Inc., HoustonChichester duPont Foundation, Inc.Collins and CompanyConservation InternationalLaura Moore Cunningham Foundation, Inc.Edward W. Rose III Family Fund of TheDallas Foundation

Roy Disney Family FoundationDisney Wildlife Conservation FundExxonMobil FoundationEyas FoundationCina and Mark ForgasonWilliam J. J. Gordon Family Trust Mr. and Mrs. Z. Wayne Griffin, Jr.Houston Endowment, Inc.Mrs. Imogene Powers JohnsonMr. Samuel C. JohnsonRobert Wood Johnson 1962 CharitableTrust

Mr. Paul Tudor Jones, IIRobert J. Kleberg, Jr. and Helen C. KlebergFoundation

Mr. and Mrs. Peter ManigaultThe Meadows FoundationRichard King Mellon FoundationGordon and Betty Moore FoundationRuth O’Donnell MutchNational Fish and Wildlife FoundationNatural Encounters Conservation FundMr. Carl NavarreJim and Karin NelsonMr. Paxson H. OffieldOffield Family FoundationMr. and Mrs. Henry M. Paulson, Jr.Mr. Peter PfendlerNina Mason Pulliam Charitable TrustMr. Kenton E. RiddleRoyal Society for the Protection of BirdsSand County FoundationT&E, Inc.Texas Parks and Wildlife DepartmentTrust for Mutual UnderstandingU. S. Agency for International Development

U. S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceRussell R. Wasendorf, Sr., and Peregrine Financial Group, Inc.

Wolf Creek Charitable FoundationJulie Ann Wrigley Foundation

If you do not find your name, or find it in an inappropriate location or incorrectly spelled, please let usknow. Accuracy is very important to us and although we try hard, sometimes mistakes slip by.

30

$500–999 Mr. and Mrs. Philip D.Aines

Mr. and Mrs. Skip Anderson

Mr. and Mrs. William C.Ankeny

Mr. and Mrs. Mark Armstrong

Mr. and Mrs. Stephen A.Beebe

Mr. John B. BeineckeLTC Sidney Kent CarnieCars4Causes.netColorado Hawking ClubMr. Roger CrawfordMs. Marta CurtiMr. Timothy DohenyDr. and Mrs. Phil EldredgeMrs. John Taylor EllisDr. and Mrs. James H.Enderson

Enright Foundation, Inc.General Fire, Inc.The Gourmet Rodent Dr. and Mrs. Jim GrierSteve Guinn Mr. and Mrs. John F.Harrigan

Hawkins Companies Dr. Harold M. Hill Mr. and Mrs. GeorgeHirsch

Ms. Tracy HolmesMr. and Mrs. Gregory A.Inskip

Intermountain Gas Company

Ms. Tracey Kehne andMr. Terry Walther

Mr. Cliff KelloggMr. and Mrs. Lloyd F. KiffMs. Chrissy C. KingMr. and Mrs. Jacob Kirkman

Mr. and Mrs. Brian Knox

Mr. Anthony LaphamMr. Steven LaRueMr. Hugh M. LawrenceDr. Lee LenzChristine Gempp LoveFoundation

Lowry Park ZoologicalSociety of Tampa

Mr. Stuart C. MartinMr. and Mrs. Don Masterson

Mr. and Mrs. Thomas P.McGrath

Mr. David McMahonMr. and Mrs. GeorgeMelling

Melling Family Foundation

Mr. Mike Melvill Mill Pond PressMrs. Paul L. MillerMr. and Mrs. Angel Montoya

Mr. Angel MuelaPeregrine Industries, Inc.Mr. and Mrs. LawrenceQuiel

Mr. Mark RestumDr. Beverly RidgelyMr. Mike RodegerdtsMr. Dave Rosenthal San Antonio ZoologicalGardens & Aquarium

Bailey Smith Fund of theFidelity InvestmentsCharitable Gift Fund

Ms. Helen StephensonMr. Alasdair TurnerMr. Tim VerrinderVirginia Falconers Association

Mr. Byron L. WalkerDr. Clayton M. WhiteMr. and Mrs. Dana A.Wilke

Mr. David L. WoodardMr. Dale Woods

$200–499 Mr. Blair AndersonAnser Charter SchoolArizona Strip Interpretive Association

Stanley J. Arkin Foundation

Mr. Eric Arnold and Ms.Margo S. Mildvan

Mr. Allen Asbury and Ms. Teresa Maylor

Ms. Betsy AshburnMr. Rick AshworthDr. Janet JeppsonAsimov

Ms. Lynne BachmanMs. Anne BartalamayMs. Lorraine BazanDr. and Mrs. HerbertJohn Beil

Ms. Marilyn BickingAnne Gordon HarperBlanchard Foundation,Inc.

Dr. P. Dee BoersmaMr. David J. BottjerMr. and Mrs. Dana Brabson, Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. Lorne V.Braun

Mr. William J. BreedMr. Hollis Brookover andMr. Milt Gillespie

Mr. Ronald E. Brown Mr. Walter B. BrownMr. and Mrs. Phillip E.Bucher, Jr.

Dr. Theresa L. BucherMr. and Mrs. RussellBuschert

Mr. Daniel Yturria ButlerMr. Thomas CantellaCar-Dun-Al ObedienceDog Training Club

Mr. and Mrs. AllenChaikin

Ms. Esther CokeMr. Bill ConsiglioMr. and Mrs. John CookDr. William CorwatzerMr. Lawrence Crowley

Bryan CulbertsonMr. and Mrs. S. HallockDuPont, Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. Danny Durrance

Mrs. Susanna C. EastonMs. Carol E. Edwards andMr. John P. Gee

Mr. Donald B. EmeryThe William Ewing Foundation

Mr. Leo E. FaddisMs. Joan FaustFrank Family Trust Mr. James H. FrazierMr. and Mrs. Bill FreutelMr. Robert S. Fullmer andMr. Steve Loving

Mr. Carlos A. GarzaMr. and Mrs. Gerry GibbsMr. Kenyon GibsonMr. James F. Gilpin Dr. Jay GlassMr. and Mrs. RobertGoldfarb

Ms. Cynthia GrayMr. and Mrs. Peter W.Gray

Mr. and Mrs. Joseph J.Grazaitis

Ms. Jozeffa Ann GreerProfessor Frederick A.Hagar

Hageman Family Foundation

Mrs. Alan Harley andChris

Mr. and Mrs. Dick HarleyMr. William HarmonMr. Fred P. Hayes Mr. Greg HayesHeart of Montana RealtyServices

Mr. and Mrs. WilliamHeinrich

Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth HillMr. and Mrs. Herb HoltThe William Ewing Foundation and Grace Ewing Huffman

Dr. and Mrs. Thomas R.Huntington

Mr. and Mrs. Jim InceMr. David W. InouyeMr. and Mrs. Bryan Jennings

Mr. and Mrs. Terry Jennings

Mr. Roland JeskeMs. Maggie JonesMrs. Judith M. JoyMr. Jed KeckMr. David A. KennedyMr. and Mrs. DavidKester

Mr. and Mrs. SteveLoerch

Mr. Burt LoessbergMs. Diane LynchMr. and Mrs. Bruce J.Magelky

Mr. J. Marlow and Ms.Sheri Stevens

Mr. Bruce Richard Marshall

Mr. Andrew L. MartinMr. David E. Mason Dr. and Mrs. WilliamMattox

Mr. Brian McDonaldMrs. Mimi McMillenMGM Mirage VoiceFoundation

Ms. Katie MichelBrian MutchMr. and Mrs. Paul NeilMr. Leonard L. NicholsonMr. and Mrs. Gerald OndrF. Edward and Jeanne P.Osborne Family Foundation, Inc.

Mr. Eric D. PaschalPeregrine OutfittersThe Prospect Hill Foundation, Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. Ira PurchisMr. and Mrs. Randy Rasmussen

Dr. and Mrs. Thomas RayMs. Sarah RichardsMr. Mark Ristow

Mr. Vincent Rizzo

Mr. and Mrs. John Robison

Mr. Pete Rodas

Mr. and Mrs. William E.Rose

Mr. and Mrs. GregorySaathoff

Mr. Frank Serra

Mr. William Shinners

Ms. Catherine C.Simpson

Ms. Sue Sontag

Mr. William R. Stewart

Mr. Scott K. Stuart

Mr. and Mrs. David W.Swetland

Swift and Company

Ms. Betty Tableman

Dr. Thomas J. Templeton

Texas Hawking Association

Simon Thomsett

Ms. Sally Tongren

Mr. and Mrs. JosephUrbano

Mr. Bill Vandervalk

Mr. and Mrs. John W.Wade

Mr. and Mrs. Bill Weiler

Mrs. Gillett Welles

Dr. and Mrs. James A.Wells

Mr. and Mrs. Mark Westman

Mr. and Mrs. Douglas J.Wiegley

Mr. Robert Wilson

Ms. Marie Winn

Mr. and Mrs. Richard B.Woodbury

Mr. and Mrs. Jeff Woodman

Ms. Donna Woods

Mrs. Jean B. Wood

Ms. Wendy Woods andMr. Tim J. Cousineau

Mr. Kurt Young

31

2003 Memorial Gifts and Bequests

During 2003 donations were received in memory of the following individuals:

Donations in memory of Ron Yanke will be listed in the 2004 report.

We hope you will consider The Peregrine Fund in your estate planning. Memorialgifts and bequests are placed in our endowment fund so that these gifts can per-manently support the conservation of birds and their environments. We welcomeinquiries about bequests at (208) 362-3716.

If you wish to make a provision in your will, the following general form is suggested:I give, devise, and bequeath to The Peregrine Fund, Inc., an Idaho not-for-profitcorporation, located on the date hereof at the World Center for Birds of Prey,5668 West Flying Hawk Lane, Boise, Idaho 83709, the sum of $_____________(or specifically described property).”

Mr. Louis Ares, Jr.Mr. Clarence Ballinger, II Mr. Norman B. Clark, Jr.Mr. Ron Ernst Mrs. Virginia Hageman Ms. Stephanie LynnHagar

Mrs. Kathryn Swim Herrick

Mr. George Katsiopoulos

Mr. Richard Keane Mr. Al Motz Ms. Peggy E. Murray

Mr. Connor Rowe Capt. Benjamin Sammis,U.S.M.C.

Mr. Mitchell Sanchez Mr. Jerry Scott Ms. Jana Simmons Ms. Susan Weller

Become a PartnerThe Peregrine Fund depends on contributions to fund our projects. Our Board of Directors has created an endowment, the interest fromwhich funds our administrative expenses so that 100% of your donation will be applied directly to our projects.You can make a contri-bution through a direct gift, at workplace giving campaigns, or through planned giving.The Peregrine Fund participates in manypayroll deduction campaigns, including the Combined Federal Campaign (CFC #0945) through Earth Share, an alliance of nationaland environmental charities and state environmental federations.You may also increase or even double your contribution to The Peregrine Fund by participating in your employer’s matching gift program. Ask your employer how you can participate.To donatedirectly to The Peregrine Fund, please use the envelope inside this annual report or join via our web site at www.peregrinefund.org.

A Member of Earth Share

2003 Chairman’s Circle Members

We are pleased to honor this year’s Chairman’s Circle members. Their unrestrictedgifts allow flexible response to changing circumstances and are critical to theorganization’s operation.

+ denotes Patron and Premiere members * denotes multi-year members

The Chairman’s Circle offers memberships at the Premiere ($5,000), Patron($2,500), and Partner ($1,000) levels of unrestricted annual gifts. If you wouldlike more information on the Chairman’s Circle, please call our membershipoffice at (208) 362-3716.

Drs. Frederick A. Beland and Susan S.Beland*

Will and Margaret Betchart*Dr. Richard Bierregaard and Ms.Cathy Dolan*

Mr. and Mrs. Gary BobergMr. and Mrs. Frederick Brodskey*Ms. Christina E. Clayton and Mr.Stanley Kolber

Mr. and Mrs. Frank T. Curtin*Mr. and Mrs. Peter Davidson Count Charles de Ganay*Mr. Paul Dickson*Harold S. Eastman*Mr. Kevin A. FinnMs. Rebecca Gaples and Mr. SimonHarrison*+

Mr. Jeffrey A. Goodby and Ms. Jan L.Deming

Mrs. Helen K. Groves*Mr. and Mrs. Ken Harrison*Mr. Edward H. Harte*Dr. Stephen Hill*

Mr. and Mrs. David Junkin, II*Mr. and Mrs. Donald Kayser*Mr. and Mrs. Harvey C. King*Luther King Capital Management*+Mr. Frank Y. Larkin*Mr. David MacGregor Malcolm*Mr. Stanley Marcus*Mr. and Mrs. Harry C. McElroy*Mr. Marshall B. Miller and Ms. ClaudiaP. Huntington*

Mr. Gary Mullard/Northern StoneSupply*+

Mr. and Mrs. James C. Nelson*Mr. and Mrs. Walter Parks*Mr. and Mrs. Spence Porter*Mr. and Mrs. Charles S. Rainwater*Ms. Carol Peden SchattMs. Cynthia S. Schotte*Mr. Richard T. Schotte*Mr. Richard S. Thorsell*Robert and Joan Wallick*Mr. and Mrs. Jim Zachow

$100–199 Ms. Brooke AdamsAerie Nature Series, Inc.Dr. Patricia AgreDr. and Mrs. KevinAlbaugh

Mr. David C. AllaisMr. and Mrs. Robert AllisAmerica’s Charities Ms. Barbara AmperArizona Game and FishDepartment

Mr. Raphael Arnaud Mr. Gerhard Assenmacher

Mr. and Mrs. Max AultMs. MaryAnne C. BachMr. Jerry BagnaniMr. and Mrs. RobertBaitinger

Mr. David N. BallMr. Clarence BallengerMr. and Mrs. William Ballentine

Barclays Global InvestorsMr. and Mrs. David BarryMr. and Mrs. Roy N.Bathum

Mr. William BaxterMr. and Mrs. RaymondBeaton

Mrs. Sandra BeebeMr. and Mrs. TimBehrman

Mr. and Mrs. SteveBelardo

Ms. Maureen BellMr. and Mrs. Stanley R.Bell

Mr. and Mrs. Jerry Beltramo

Bennu Mr. James A. BevisMr. and Mrs. Bliss Bignall, Jr.

Mr. Steven G. Black andMs. Wendie A. Wulff

Rolinda and Al BloomMs. Susan BoettgerMr. and Mrs. Larry BomkeBoyd FamilyMr. and Mrs. RobertBredin

Mr. and Mrs. ChristopherJ. Brelje

Ms. Karen D. Brender Mr. Duncan B. BrownMr. and Mrs. William H.Bryan

Mr. Andrew BullenMr. and Mrs. Connor B.Burton

Mr. and Mrs. JackCafferty

Mr. Richard CahallMr. Charles Callagan Mr. John A. Campbell Ms. Marilyn F. CampbellMs. Melanie CampbellMs. Roberta CannonMr. Geoffrey D. CantDr. Steven B. CareMr. and Mrs. Lee A.Casebere

Mr. Thomas CastellaneDr. Achim CastiesMr. and Mrs. Ray CecrleDr. and Mrs. David Challinor

Mr. Robert ChamberlainMr. and Mrs. Blake Chapman

Mr. Carl CheneyMs. Young-Il ChooMr. and Mrs. David W.Clary

Mr. and Mrs. DavidCochran

Mr. Bruce Coggeshall Mr. Robert E. ColemanMs. Cynthia D. CollettDr. Charles T. CollinsMr. Scott A.B. CollinsMs. Jacqueline ColvinConnecticut Falconer’sAssociation

Mr. and Mrs. KevinConsey

Dr. E. Newbold CooperDr. Jerald L. CooperMr. and Mrs. Tom Coulson

Mr. Chris CroweMr. Alan CzarnowskyMr. and Mrs. Paul D’Andrea

Mr. and Mrs. Robert F.Daily

Mr. James A. DavidsonMr. William DeCam Mr. Dexter DefibaughMr. John W. DentonDenver Zoological Foundation

Ms. Susie DillonMr. John DolinsekMs. Victoria Donaldson Mr. and Mrs. Philip D.Doncheck

Ms. Annette DongMs. Margit DonhoweMr. and Mrs. John DornMr. and Mrs. DouglasDotson

Double D Service Center Ms. Bonnie J. Douglas

Mr. and Mrs. Peter DoyleMr. Jeffrey DretzkeMr. and Mrs. C. BertDudley

Mr. Steve DueckerMr. R. David DuncanMr. and Ms. DennisDunkerson

Mr. and Mrs. William M.Edison

Ms. Catherine ElliottMr. W. N. Elliott and Ms.Rose Polsky

Ms. Barbara C. ElwoodMr. Victor EmanuelMr. Richard A. Escutia Mr. Floyd B. EutslerRichard and RebeccaEvans Foundation

David and Emila EveristMr. David Farner and Ms.Katherine Jeschke

Mrs. George FearingMr. James FerrisMr. Clark FidlerMs. June Fitzgerald Dr. and Mrs. RichardFitzgerald

Dr. Greg FlorantMr. John F. FlynnMrs. Peggy FoleyMr. Dallas D. Ford Mr. George Forman, Jr.Mr. and Mrs. Ed FoutsFriends of BlackwaterNational WildlifeRefuge, Inc.

Mr. Gary Fry and Ms.Lynn Dinelli

Mr. and Mrs. Brian Gallagher

Mr. and Mrs. Tony GalvanMs. Donna GarbanMr. Stephen GattiMr. and Mrs. RodneyGehrlein

Ms. Beverly GholsonMs. Martha GibbonsMs. Marjorie Gibson Mr. and Mrs. RichardGidner

Mr. and Mrs. Eric S. GleieMs. Catharine E. GlothMr. and Mrs. Eric Goodman

Mr. and Mrs. Barry GooldMr. Stuart GordonMr. and Mrs. RobertGoyden

Ms. Barbara GraceMr. John R. GrantDr. Ann M. Greenberg

Mr. and Mrs. WayneGreenstone

Mr. Donald Gregory, Jr.Ms. Vicki GriffithMr. and Mrs. Gary W.Gunther

Ms. Dorothy GustafsonMr. and Mrs. Bruce HaakMs. Mary HackleyMr. Jack HaganHahamongna Roots &Shoots

Mr. Arthur HallMr. Hal K. HallDr. and Mrs. John D.Hallahan

Mr. James Hallisey Dr. E. A. Hankins, IIIMr. Ray S. HarmanDr. and Mrs. Alan Harmata

Mr. John HarrellMr. J. Battle HaslamMr. Ikuya HatanoMr. Clyde Hawley, Jr.Mr. and Mrs. Larry HaysMr. Tony D. HeadMr. and Mrs. Allan Hedemark

Mrs. Mimi HeibergMr. Donald W. Heidt andMs. Susan J. Bowman

Mr. Tero HelinMr. James HenryMrs. Barbara HessMr. Vaughan HetemMs. Corinne HewettMs. Helen I. HodgesMr. and Mrs. William K.Hoffman

Mr. Stephen HogueMs. Isabel Rae HoltMr. and Mrs. Scott HoltMr. Blake HopkinsMs. Anne Hornung-Soukup

Mr. Val T. HowardMr. and Mrs. KevinHowell

Ms. Susan HoyleMr. and Mrs. B. Keith Huffman

Ms. Carole Hughes L. Barrie HuntIBM International Foundation

Mr. Richard Jacobs Mr. David JamiesonMr. and Mrs. Eric T.Jenkins

Mr. Larry Jensen

Jockey Hollow Foundation

Mr. Craig Johnson andMs. Christina Borman

Mr. David L. Johnson andMs. Anne Nobles

Ms. Beverly M. JonesMs. Nathalie Jones andMr. Rob Sowder

Ms. Valerie M. JonesDr.and Mrs.Craig L.JordanMr. Irvine JordanMs. Jennifer JordanMr. William F. JordanMr. Hank KaestnerMr. Anthony Kalt Mrs. Eleanor KelemenMr. and Mrs. Robert F.Kennedy, Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. Tom KesslerDr. and Mrs. ThomasKillip

Mr. and Mrs. Billy KingMr. and Mrs. KennethKing

Mr. and Mrs. PhilipKinney

Mr. and Mrs. Norman O.Kinyon

Mr. and Mrs. Mel Lee Kirksey

Mr. and Mrs. Ken KitsonMr. and Mrs. H. A.Klabund

Ms. Karen S. KleehammerMr. and Mrs. Ronald J.Klein

Ms. Cheryl KleinbartMs. Karen Kluge and Mr.Terry Rosenmeier

Mr. Perry KnowltonTakashi and Reiko Kurosawa

Mr. and Mrs. David M.Labiner

Mr. James LambeDr. and Mrs. Roger LangMr. and Mrs. LoganLanham

Ms. Blair Larsen and Mr.Joel Steinert

Mr. and Mrs. Richard W.Lawin

Ms. Carol N. LawrenceMs. Paulette F. LeeperMr. and Mrs. Andy F.Lermer, Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth M.Levine

Mr. and Mrs. Robert C.Lilly

Mr. and Mrs. James R.Lincoln

Mr. and Mrs. Bill Link

Mr. George B. LopezMr. R. Dennis LundMr. and Mrs. RobertLyons

Mr. and Mrs. William C.MacBride

Mr. and Mrs. John Mackiewicz

Dr. William MacLeod, Jr.Mr. and Mrs. CraigMadsen

Mr. and Mrs. Gerald A.Maka

Manchester ChiropracticCenter

Mr. and Mrs. Gerry Mandell

Mr. and Mrs. Bill ManeyMr. and Mrs. RogerManzo

Mr. Paul MartinDr. and Mrs. Allen W.Mathies

Mr. and Mrs. James A.McAllen

Mr. Robert McCainMr. and Mrs. WilliamMcConnell

Mr. Steve McLellanMr. Gordon L. McLennanMr. Michael P.McSweeney

Mr. and Mrs. George H.Mead

Ms. Georgann MeadowsMr. William MeekerMr. John MerchantMerrill’s Poultry Farm,Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. DavisMerwin

The Michel FoundationMr. and Mrs. Rufus L.Miley

Ms. Beverly MillerMr. and Mrs. Michael K.Miller

Mr. and Mrs. Walt Minnick

Ms. Elsie MogckMr. Joel MonaDuncan and DixieMorley

Ms. Kellie J. MorrisonMrs. Alida MorzentiMr. and Mrs. Amel MusticMrs. Patricia AntoinetteNeff

Ms. Pamela NegriNew York Times Co.Fnd., Inc.

Ms. Barbara O’BrienMr. Mike O’Callaghan

Mr. Michael OchsMr. Allen Olsen and Ms. Carol Silva

Mrs. Beverly OlsonMr. Howard OryMr. and Mrs. CharlesOsterbrink

Mr. and Mrs. MichaelPalmer

Mr. Everett C. ParkerMs. Tammy L. ParkerMr. and Mrs. Doug ParksMs. Ethel M. PattersonMr. Robert O. PaxtonMr. and Mrs. JohnPeaden

Mr. Gordon L. PedrowPellets, Inc.Mr. and Mrs. RudolfPetersen

Mr. and Mrs. Len Peterson

Mrs. Virginia C. PeturaPfizer, Inc.Ms. Laurama PixtonMs. Louise PlankMr. Marek Plater Col. and Mrs. Walter W.Plummer

Dr. Bruce Poland Ms. Frances PopeMr. C. Donald PowersMr. and Mrs. Donald M.Powers

Dr. Tasha PravecekMr. and Mrs. Ronald W.Prestfeldt

Mr. Jay A. PruettMs. Marlene RajputMr. Peter RayMr. and Mrs. Robert E.Ray

Mr. Bayard D. ReaMargaret W. Reed Foundation

Mrs. Karen HeibergReuter

Mr. and Mrs. Richard C.Ripple, Jr.

Mr. H. Philip RobartsMr. Gary RodeMs. Karen T. RodriguezMr. Ronald RogackiMr. and Mrs. Rob RoseMr. R. Thomas RossMr. Stephen RossMr. and Mrs. CharlesRoth

Mr. Stanley M. Rowe, Jr.Mr. and Mrs. CharlesRubens, II

Mr. Gary G. Ruhser andMrs. Jean C. Ruhser

Mr. Oscar RuizMr. and Mrs. Calvin E.Sandfort

Ms. Barbara SaundersMr. G. Brett SaundersMr. Richard W. ScalesMr. Michael V. ScalzoMr. and Mrs. LarrySchaad

Ms. Jacqueline SchaferMr. and Mrs. Joel SchickMr. and Mrs. Roger AllanSchultz

Mr. and Mrs. Clee SealingMr. and Mrs. Jerry SeligMr. Jack D. ShannonMr. and Mrs. AbramShapiro

Mr. and Mrs. Peter Sheldon

Mr. Robert H. SherwoodAmy Siedenstrang, JakeEllis, and Ethan Ellis

Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey SippleSouth MountainAudubon Society

Ms. Jennifer SpeersMr. and Mrs. Joseph V.Spitler, Jr.

Ms. Susan C. StammMr. and Mrs. Ray StarkMs. Patricia C. SteinMr. and Mrs. EdwardStimpson

Mr. and Mrs. Regis C.Stirling

Mr. Charles R. StirratMr. Karl H. StriedieckMr. Tom StrikwerdaMr. Stephen W. SubberMr. and Mrs. Dennis Sullivan

AVINET, INC.Mr. Jason SwiftMr. and Mrs. RobertTemple

Mr. William TerryMr. and Mrs. John B. TestaMr. and Mrs. Carl G.Thelander

Mrs. Dwight C.Thompson

Dr. Harrison TordoffMr. David K. TownerMr. Clinton TownsendMr. and Mrs. Al TragerMs. Kathryn A. TrudellMr. John A. TrunnellMr. J. Townsend TubbsMr. Eliot P. TuckerThe Tuesday BirdersMr. and Mrs. Ben Tuttle

Mr. and Mrs. Stephen M.Unfried

Mr. George T. Urdzik andMs. Pamela Horton

Ms. Benedicte Valentinerand Mr. Adrian R.Cummins

Mr. Alan VaskasMs. Elizabeth CrownhartVaughan

Mr. Larry Vaughn and Ms. Margot LeRoy

Mr. and Mrs. BillVelasquez

Dr. Pieter J. VermeerMrs. Emily WadeDr. George WadeMr. James N. WallaceMr. and Mrs. Robert L.Wallace

Mr. and Mrs. Lothar F.Warneke

Mrs. Winifred WashcoMr. and Mrs. ArnoldWatson

Col. and Mrs. D. E.Watterson

Mr. Fred WebsterWells Fargo CommunitySupport Campaign

Mr. and Mrs. John WelshMr. and Mrs. Wm. W.Wessinger

Dr. James Wetzel, Jr.Ms. Michele K. WhiteMr. Henry WigginMr. Wade WildeMr. and Mrs. GeorgeWilliams

Mr. Harold WilliamsMs. Maxine A. WinerMr. Tom WitheringtonMr. Edmund J.Wlodarczyk

Ms. Helen WolfMr. and Mrs. KennethWood

Mr. and Mrs. JesseWoody

Mr. and Mrs. Dale C.Woolley

Mr. and Mrs. William L.Woolley

Mr. Jack WoycheeseMr. and Mrs. Arthur R.Wycoff

Ms. Susan Yanchuck Ms. Karen YatesMs. Roberta L. YoumansMr. Leonard YoungMs. Betty C. YoungbloodMr. Frank YullingReza Zand

32

Many organizations and individuals contribute materials at

no cost or at cost. Services contributed have been recorded

at the amount it would have cost The Peregrine Fund.

Figures for this audited statement were provided by

Balukoff, Lindstrom & Co., P.A., Certified Public Accountants.

Full reports are available upon request.

ASSETS 2003 2002CURRENT ASSETSCash and cash equivalents $ 973,892 $ 289,792Merchandise inventory 34,056 34,669Grants receivable 144,430 191,683Pledges and other accounts receivable 39,976 549,746Prepaids and other current assets 49,250 46,696TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS 1,241,604 1,112,586

PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND ARCHIVESLand 1,513,000 1,513,000Land improvements 680,545 719,944Buildings 4,177,296 3,831,952Trailers 222,396 168,690Equipment and vehicles 818,644 1,479,360Fixtures and displays 640,081 653,301Construction in progress 0 29,132

8,051,962 8,395,379Accumulated depreciation (2,696,282) (3,179,225)

5,355,680 5,216,154

Library 59,160 379,283Archives 687,652 663,040

6,102,492 6,258,477ENDOWMENT ASSETSCash 23,732 35,012Investments 7,545,897 7,018,126

7,569,629 7,053,138$ 14,913,725 $ 14,424,201

LIABILITIES & FUND BALANCES 2003 2002CURRENT LIABILITIESAccounts payable $ 194,802 $ 93,135Accrued taxes and expenses 3,517 8,744Deferred restricted revenue 93,027 66,361TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES 291,346 168,240

FUND BALANCESUnrestricted operating fund 950,258 944,346Restricted endowment fund 7,569,629 7,053,138Investment in property, equipment

and archives 6,102,492 6,258,477TOTAL FUND BALANCES 14,913,725 14,424,201

$ 14,913,725 $ 14,424,201

Balance Sheets • 30 September 2003 and 2002

33

“Arctic Portrait—

White G

yrfalcon” ©1981 Robert Batem

an • Courtesy of the artist and M

ill Pond Press, Inc., Venice, Florida 34292

The Peregrine FundWorld Center for Birds of Prey5668 West Flying Hawk LaneBoise, Idaho 83709United States of America

Non-Profit Organization

U.S. POSTAGE

PAIDBOISE, ID 83709PERMIT NO. 606

Business Office (208) 362-3716

Interpretive Center (208) 362-8687

Fax (208) 362-2376

E-mail Address tpf@peregrinefund.org

Web Site http://www.peregrinefund.org

Paxson H. OffieldChairman of the Board and DirectorChairman of the Board and CEO, Santa CatalinaIsland Company

Ian Newton,D.Phil., D.Sc., FRS.Vice Chairman of the Boardand DirectorSenior Ornithologist (Ret.)Natural EnvironmentResearch CouncilUnited Kingdom

William A. Burnham, Ph.D.President and Director

J. Peter JennyVice President

Karen J. HixonTreasurer and DirectorConservationist

D. James NelsonSecretary and DirectorChairman of the Board,EmeritusPresident, Nelson Construction Company

Tom J. Cade, Ph.D.Founding Chairman andDirectorProfessor Emeritus of Ornithology,Cornell University

Roy E. DisneyChairman of the Board,EmeritusChairman of the Board,Shamrock Holdings, Inc.

Henry M. Paulson, Jr.Chairman of the Board,Emeritus, and DirectorChairman and ChiefExecutive Officer,The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.

Julie A. WrigleyChairman of the Board,EmeritusChairman and CEO,Wrigley Investments LLC

BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE PEREGRINE FUND

Officers and Directors Directors

Lee M. BassPresident, Lee M. Bass, Inc.

Robert B. BerryTrustee, Wolf Creek Charitable Foundation, Rancher, Falcon Breeder,and Conservationist

Harry L. BettisRancher

Frank M. BondAttorney at Law and Rancher

Robert S. ComstockPresident and CEO,Robert Comstock Company

Derek J. CraigheadEcologist

Scott A. CrozierSenior Vice President,General Counsel, and SecretaryPETsMART, INC

T. Halter CunninghamBusiness Executive/Investor

Patricia A. DisneyVice Chairman,Shamrock Holdings, Inc.

James H. Enderson, Ph.D.Professor Emeritus of BiologyThe Colorado College

Caroline A. ForgasonPartner, Groves-Alexander Group LLC

Z. Wayne Griffin, Jr.Developer, G&N Management, Inc.

Robert Wood Johnson IVChairman and CEO, The JohnsonCompany, Inc., and New York Jets LLC

Jacobo LacsInternational Businessman and Conservationist

Velma V. MorrisonPresident,Harry W. Morrison Foundation

Ruth O. MutchInvestor

Carl NavarreBook Publisher and CEO,

MyPublisher, Inc.

Morlan W. NelsonNaturalist, Hydrologist,

and Cinematographer

Peter G. PfendlerRancher

Lucia Liu Severinghaus, Ph.D.Research Fellow

Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica

Taiwan

R. Beauregard TurnerFish and Wildlife Manager

Turner Enterprises

James D. WeaverPresident,

Grasslans Charitable Foundation

and Rancher

P.A.B. Widener, Jr.Rancher and Investor