The Pancreas
description
Transcript of The Pancreas
The Pancreas
By Dr. Istvan, Moore, and Howze
General Information The Pancreas is located
superior to the Duodenum, and Inferior to the Stomach.
The Pancreas is a gland that helps to digest food, as well as regulate blood sugar levels.
http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4743
Pancreas Gland The Pancreas is located
below the liver and stomach, and just above the small intestines.
It is next to the gall bladder, with bile ducts surrounding it.
Its location is key, as it is used in digestion.
http://take2designs.com/alcoholsitev2/images/normal_pancreas.jpg
Structure of the Pancreas The Pancreas is
separated into two distinct lobes.
Glands of the pancreas can release hormones directly into the duodenum or the blood stream.
1: Head of pancreas2: Uncinate process of pancreas3: Pancreatic notch4: Body of pancreas5: Anterior surface of pancreas6: Inferior surface of pancreas7: Superior margin of pancreas8: Anterior margin of pancreas9: Inferior margin of pancreas10: Omental tuber11: Tail of pancreas12: Duodenum
Pancreatic Hormones The Pancreas releases three main
hormones: Insulin, Glucagon, and Somatostatin.
There is another polypeptide, but its function is unknown. Insulin is made by Beta cells Glucagon is made by Alpha cells Somatostatin is made by Delta cells Unknown polypeptide is made by Gamma cells
Insulin Small protein made of 51
amino acids Beta cells have chemo-
receptors that detect blood glucose levels, and secrete insulin in response.
Insulin also reduces appetite by affecting cells in the hypothalamus
Stimulates adipose tissue to create fat http://dolly.biochem.arizona.edu/Bioc462b_Honors_Spring_2009/abhik/
Images/Insulin.jpg
Glucagon
A polypeptide of 29 Amino acids
Stimulates the liver to release sugar into bloodstream
Also acts upon fat tissue to release glucose
Has the opposite effect as insulin
http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/pancreas/glucagon_efx.gif
Somatostatin
Consists of two polypeptides, with a total of 42 amino acids
Works inside the Duodenum to reduce appetite
Slows the rate if which the nutrients are absorbed by the small intestines
http://www.abcam.com/ps/datasheet/images/ab2366_1.jpg
Diabetes Type 1 diabetes is insulin
dependent Daily injections or
inhalations are required to keep blood sugar levels in check
Most common in children and young adults
Caused by autoimmune attack of Beta cells
http://biomed.brown.edu/Courses/BI108/BI108_2002_Groups/pancstems/stemcell/pancreas.gif
Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by irregular blood sugar levels
It is fairly easily treated with oral drugs taken daily
It is most commonly found in adults, especially those that are overweight
http://www.babble.com/CS/blogs/strollerderby/2009/02/diabetes_0.jpg
Diabetes Symptoms
Frequent urination Loss of circulation Excessive thirst Rapid weight change Irritability Fatigue Blurred Vision Sweet urine
http://www.laughparty.com/funny-pictures/Thirsty-Dog-1007.jpg
Pancreatic Cancer Pancreatic cancer
affects roughly 42,000 people every year in the US.
About 7,000 of those people survive to live long healthy lives. MRI of abdomen, showing Pancreatic
Carcinoma
http://www.hpblondon.com/02_pancreas/02_3_p_cancer/files/page14_2.jpg
Pancreatic Cancer Pancreatic Cancer is responsible for more
than 50,000 deaths per year. Symptoms include :
- Clay colored stool - Abdominal Pain - Indigestion - Diarrhea - Loss of appetite - Nausea - Jaundice
Pancreatic Cancer There are several treatment options Usually pancreatic carcinoma is treated
using surgery and chemotherapy. New advancements in cancer treatment
allow laser and gamma knife options. Future treatment options are always being
developed, including viral treatments.
Diabetes Support Group
Contact Info:
www.diabetes.org
1701 North Beauregard Street Alexandria, VA 22311
1-800-DIABETES
Pancreatic Cancer Support Group Contact Info
www.Pancreatic.org
Hirshberg Foundation for Pancreatic Cancer
2990 S. Sepulveda Blvd.
Los Angeles, CA 90064
(310) 473-5121
Bibliography
·25 Dec. 1999. Web. 09 Nov. 2009. <http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4743>.
·02 July 2001. Web. 09 Nov. 2009. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreas