RHETORICThe Packaging of my Message

EVERYONE AND ANYONE CAN

COMMUNICATE

•Aristotle defined rhetoric as the faculty or skill of discovering the available means of persuasion in a given case.

•It is an analytical skill.

AUDIENCE ANALYSIS

• Positive• Neutral• Disinterested• Opposed

AUDIENCE ANALYSIS STRATEGIES

Positive: Narrative, Examples, Comparisons

Neutral: Facts, Statistics, Testimony, Examples

Disinterested: Facts, Statistics

Opposed: Narrative, Facts, Statistics, Examples, Comparisons

3 PRIMARY SOURCES Pathos

Ethos

Logos

PATHOS

•A listener’s personal needs, drives, and desires.

•Pathos will determine the evidence and the delivery style you use.

•Audiences will generally fall under four categories: positive, neutral, disinterested, opposed.

MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

Safety

Biological

Belonging

Esteem

Self-Actualization

KEY WORDS FOR PATHOS

Appeal

Need

Desires

CRITIQUE OF PATHOS

Facial Expression

Gestures

Voice

Platform Movement

FACIALS Eye Contact Brow Panning the room Smile Tension

GESTURES

Natural

Motivated by mood

Not overused

VOICEIntelligibility=enunciateInflection=variation vs. MonotonyTempo=characterization, mood,

atmosphereVolume=loudnessForce=intensityPitch=highness or lowness

(habitual or ideal)Timbre=vocal quality

PLATFORMING

Posture

Movement

Body Tone

ETHOS The speaker’s

character in the minds of the audience.

Key Words:CompetenceSincerityGood will

AUDIENCE ANALYSIS STRATEGIES

Positive: Narrative, Examples, Comparisons

Neutral: Facts, Statistics, Testimony, Examples

Disinterested: Facts, Statistics

Opposed: Narrative, Facts, Statistics, Examples, Comparisons

LOGOS The thinking

process that allows the listener to arrive at logical conclusions.

Key words:Reasoning

Evidence

REASONING The process of putting evidence

together in a coherent argument to support a position:Inductive: Specific to generalDeductive: General to SpecificProblem/SolutionCompare/Contrast

REASONING The process of putting evidence

together in a coherent argument to support a position:Inductive: Specific to generalDeductive: General to SpecificProblem/SolutionCompare/Contrast