The Overall Perspective Our Greatest Telescope Units of Measure The Cosmic Zoom Today!
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Transcript of The Overall Perspective Our Greatest Telescope Units of Measure The Cosmic Zoom Today!
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The Overall Perspective
Our Greatest TelescopeUnits of Measure
The Cosmic Zoom
Today!
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Perspectives On The Universe
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The ‘Overall’ Perspective
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It helped us discover…
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Supernovae, or exploding stars…
Are less bright in the past than we would expect
if gravity ruled the expansion of the universe.
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What the universe looked like shortly after the Big Bang13.7 billion years ago
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We can watch the planets closely as they change
As in this Hubble Photo of the Martian Ice Caps.
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We have even discovered new planets in our solar system!
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We need tools with our overalls
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One tool is units of measurement
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Units ofMeasurement: -Length -Mass -Time
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Antoine Lavoisier of the French Academy of Scienceled the search for standards.
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The meter was decided to be 1/10,000,000 the distance from the North Pole to the equator. (0.2 mm off)
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USEFUL MULTIPLES OF THE METER:
nanometer (nm) = 1 billionth of a metermicrometer ( m) = 1 millionth of a metermillimeter (mm) = 1 thousandth of a metercentimeter (cm) = 1 hundredth of a meterkilometer (km) = 1,000 meters
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These prefixes are used for multiplying many units:
Example: The Gigabytes on your hard drive.
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Other units are sometimes used to measureAstronomical distances:
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Other units are sometimes used to measureAstronomical distances:
The Astronomical Unit – Earth-Sun Distance used within the Solar System
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The Light Year is used for distances to stars1 Light Year = nearly 7 trillion miles,The distance light goes in a year.
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The parsec is the astronomer’s unit
For measuring large distances
One PARSEC = 3.26 LY
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The unit of mass was taken to be the mass ofOne cubic centimeter of pure water.
This is called the GRAM.
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You know, like the first, then the SECOND!
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The second is 86,400th
Of a mean solar day(Earth is slightly closer to the sun sometimes.Day varies by a few seconds. A mean solar day is the average.)
Did you have a mean solar day Last summer?
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The Sumerians (Iraq)Started it all with a god And goddess for each sign Of the zodiac
Thus the watch of each one Was an hour.
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The Sumerians also liked the number sixty.Thus 60 minutes,
Tick, tick, tick, tickand 60 seconds.
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Another tool is Powers of 10:
Big number--a Gigabyte is 109 , or a one with nine zeros--a billion.
Little number—a femtometer is 10-12 meters or 0.000000000001 meters.
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We can use powers of ten to do a…
From the smallest to the largest scale.
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As a kid in San Diego I watched
CAPTAIN ZOOM cartoon show!
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Smallest is the…
10-33 cm!
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100 billion billion times larger is the proton, Or hydrogen nucleus.
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100,000 times larger than that Is the typical
atom
10-10 m
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A child is about ten billion times larger!
Say 1m
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If you got 10 million kids to lay down in a straight lineHead to foot, they could span the earth:10 million meters!
They would LOVE it!
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Our solar system—to Pluto is about a million timesThe size of the earth:
1013 m
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100 million times broader is our Milky Way galaxy: 1021m
The impressive spiral NGC 1232, which resembles the Milky Way.
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The visible universe:
100,000 times broader
At 1026 m
Light can only have come to us from about 13.7 billion light years away.