The Nobel Prize inThe Nobel Prize in

Physiology orPhysiology or

MedicineMedicine

2010

Robert G. Edwards

Born: 27 September 1925, Batley, United

Kingdom

Died: 10 April 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Affiliation at the time of the award: University of

Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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Prize motivation: "for the development of in vitro

fertilization"

Field: reproductive medicine

Prize share: 1/1

2011

Bruce A. Beutler

Born: 1957, Chicago, IL, USA

Affiliation at the time of the award: University

of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at

Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA, The Scripps

Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA

Prize motivation: "for their discoveries

concerning the activation of innate immunity"

Field: immunity

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Prize share: 1/4

Jules A. Hoffmann

• Born: 1941, Echternach, Luxembourg

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• Affiliation at the time of the award: University

of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

• Prize motivation: "for their discoveries

concerning the activation of innate immunity"

• Field: immunity

• Prize share: 1/4

4

Ralph M. Steinman

• Born: 1943, Montreal, Canada

• Died: 30 September 2011

• Affiliation at the time of the award:

Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA

• Prize motivation: "for his discovery of the

dendritic cell and its role in adaptive

immunity"

• Field: immunity

• Prize share: 1/2

5

2012

Sir John B. Gurdon

• Born: 2 October 1933, Dippenhall, United

Kingdom

• Affiliation at the time of the award: Gurdon

Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom

• Prize motivation: "for the discovery that

mature cells can be reprogrammed to

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become pluripotent"

• Field: genetics

• Prize share: 1/2

Shinya Yamanaka

• Born: 4 September 1962, Osaka, Japan

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• Affiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto

University, Kyoto, Japan, Gladstone

Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA

• Prize motivation: "for the discovery that

mature cells can be reprogrammed to

become pluripotent"

• Field: genetics

• Prize share: 1/2

8

2013

James E. Rothman

• Born: 3 November 1950, Haverhill, MA, USA

• Affiliation at the time of the award: Yale

University, New Haven, CT, USA

• Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of

machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major

transport system in our cells"

• Field: biochemistry, cell physiology

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• Prize share: 1/3

Randy W. Schekman

• Born: 30 December 1948, St. Paul, MN,

USA

• Affiliation at the time of the award: University

of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, Howard

Hughes Medical Institute

10

• Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of

machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major

transport system in our cells"

• Field: cell physiology, genetics

• Prize share: 1/3

Thomas C. Südhof

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• Born: 22 December 1955, Göttingen,

Germany

• Affiliation at the time of the award: Stanford

University, Stanford, CA, USA, Howard

Hughes Medical Institute

• Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of

machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major

transport system in our cells"

• Field: cell physiology, neurophysiology

• Prize share: 1/3

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2014

John O'Keefe

• Born: 1939, New York, NY, USA

• Affiliation at the time of the award: University

College, London, United Kingdom

• Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of

cells that constitute a positioning system in

the brain"

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• Field: physiology, spatial behavior

• Prize share: 1/2

May-Britt Moser

• Born: 1963, Fosnavåg, Norway

• Affiliation at the time of the award: Centre for

Neural Computation, Trondheim, Norway

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• Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of

cells that constitute a positioning system in

the brain"

• Field: physiology, spatial behavior

• Prize share: 1/4

15

Edvard Moser• Born: 1962, Ålesund, Norway

• Affiliation at the time of the award: Kavli

Institute for Systems Neuroscience,

Trondheim, Norway

• Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of

cells that constitute a positioning system in

the brain"

• Field: physiology, spatial behavior

• Prize share: 1/4

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