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ISSN 2409-4943. Ukr. Biochem. J., 2016, Vol. 88, N 5 137 NEWS NEWS THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE 2016 http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/ medicine/laureates/2016/ Yoshinori Ohsumi (Born in 1945, Fukuoka, Japan) Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan T he Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2016 was awarded to Yoshinori Ohsumi "for his discoveries of mechanisms for auto- phagy". This year's Nobel Laureate discovered and elu- cidated mechanisms underlying autophagy, a funda- mental process for degrading and recycling cellular components. The word autophagy originates from the Greek words auto-, meaning "self", and phagein, meaning "to eat". Thus, autophagy denotes "self eating". This concept emerged during the 1960's, when resear- chers first observed that the cell could destroy its own contents by enclosing it in membranes, forming sack-like vesicles that were transported to a recy- cling compartment, called the lysosome, for degrada- tion. Difficulties in studying the phenomenon meant that little was known until, in a series of brilliant experiments in the early 1990's, Yoshinori Ohsumi used baker's yeast to identify genes essential for au- tophagy. He then went on to elucidate the underlying mechanisms for autophagy in yeast and showed that similar sophisticated machinery is used in our cells. Ohsumi's discoveries led to a new paradigm in our understanding of how the cell recycles its con- tent. His discoveries opened the path to understan- ding the fundamental importance of autophagy in many physiological processes, such as in the adap- tation to starvation or response to infection. Muta- tions in autophagy genes can cause disease, and the autophagic process is involved in several conditions including cancer and neurological disease.
Transcript of The nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2016ukrbiochemjournal.org › wp-content › uploads ›...
ISSN 2409-4943. Ukr. Biochem. J., 2016, Vol. 88, N 5
137
n e w sn e w s
The nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2016
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2016/
Yoshinori Ohsumi(Born in 1945, Fukuoka, Japan)Tokyo Institute of Technology,
Japan
T he Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2016 was awarded to yoshinori ohsumi "for his discoveries of mechanisms for auto-
phagy".This year's Nobel Laureate discovered and elu
cidated mechanisms underlying autophagy, a fundamental process for degrading and recycling cellular components.
The word autophagy originates from the Greek words auto-, meaning "self", and phagein, meaning "to eat". Thus, autophagy denotes "self eating". This concept emerged during the 1960's, when researchers first observed that the cell could destroy its own contents by enclosing it in membranes, forming sacklike vesicles that were transported to a recycling compartment, called the lysosome, for degrada
tion. Difficulties in studying the phenome non meant that little was known until, in a series of brilliant experiments in the early 1990's, Yoshinori Ohsumi used baker's yeast to identify genes essential for autophagy. He then went on to elucidate the underlying mechanisms for autophagy in yeast and showed that similar sophisticated machinery is used in our cells.
Ohsumi's discoveries led to a new paradigm in our understanding of how the cell recycles its content. His discoveries opened the path to understanding the fundamental importance of autophagy in many physiological processes, such as in the adaptation to starvation or response to infection. Mutations in autophagy genes can cause disease, and the autophagic process is involved in several conditions including cancer and neurological disease.
