The nature of research (group 1 research)
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• Establishments of new knowledge
• Enhance understanding of the natural world
• Test the validity of known theories and hypothesis
• Extension of existing knowledge
• Find solutions to real problems
• Generate and develop technologies
• Test, modify and evaluate new and existing knowledge
• Blood serum of crocodiles can inhibit the growth of some microorganisms causing diseases in humans.
• At a particular sampling time, the mangoes and bagoong sold in front of some elementary schools in Iloilo City was found to be contaminated by bacteria species that produce toxins in the digestive tract.
• A species of bacteria that exists naturally in heated compost piles can degrade some kinds of plastics that are not considered biodegradable.
Blood serum
bacteria
• A cell phone can be used as a home security monitoring device.
• Grape skin extract has anticancer activity.
• The applications of a physics theory was demonstrated in an ionic set-up using fluids.
cell phone Grape skin extract
Research is...• a problem-solving activity• a source of new information, principles
and generalization• an empirical activity• an activity that requires time, resources
and expertise
Research is...• systematic and well-planned • an activity for virtuous people• a critical output (requires objectivity
and accuracy)
Research is NOT...• merely gathering and publishing the
opinions of experts• merely the invention of a plausible
theory to explain a phenomenon• an argument• a summary of facts or ideas
• Aims to add to an existing body of knowledge
• Curiosity-oriented• No practical end in mind but provides
foundation for further research
A study that aims to – • Know how captive hornbills react to the
approach of strangers
Hornbill
• Aims to solve problem using the knowledge gained through research
• Mission-oriented• Results have some practical use
A study that aims to – • find out if soaking fungi- infected
pineapple plantlets in garlic extracts will revive plant vigor.
Garlic Extracts Pineapple Plantlets
• Adapts the findings of research to experimental demonstrations or clinical purposes
• Feasibility-oriented• Explores the practical uses of research
findings
A study that aims to – • isolate the substance in garlic that is
responsible for inhibiting the growth of fungi and to develop the fungicide spray using the substance.
• experimental production and testing of models, devices, equipment, materials, procedures an process
• evolution of data gathered from the past
• no manipulation or control of variables
• examined records of rainfall data in Maasin watershed and flood occurrences in Jaro, Iloilo to find out if a predictive pattern exists
• Gathers information from present conditions to describe the nature of these conditions at the time of study
• No manipulation or control of variables
• monitored the impact of the oil spill in terms of the amount of oil in sand samples from Tando, Guimaras, by taking monthly measurements for one year
Guimaras oil spill
• Tests hypothesis concerning cause- and- effect relationships of variables
• An experiment is designed to isolate of identify the significant factor causing the phenomenon under study
• Manipulation and control of variables
• tests the effect of different incubation temperature levels on the ability of a species of bacteria to degrade plastic
A study that--
Bacteria
Case StudiesSurveys
Correlation StudyLongitudinal Surveys
Developmental StudiesFollow- up Studies
Documentary Analysis
Case Studies
Surveys
Correlation Study
Longitudinal Surveys
Developmental Studies
Follow- up Studies
Documentary Analysis
CASE STUDIES• an in-depth,
detailed study about a person, event or unit, over a period of time
Example:The nocturnal habits of a captive cloud rat
Surveys
Correlation Study
Longitudinal Surveys
Developmental Studies
Follow- up Studies
Documentary Analysis
Captive Cloud Rat
SURVEYS• gathering limited
data from a large number of sources
Example:Mangroves Species in the Coasts of Panay Island
Case Studies
Correlation Study
Longitudinal Surveys
Developmental Studies
Follow- up Studies
Documentary Analysis
Mangroves Species
CORRELATION STUDY• estimating the
extent by which variables are related to each other
Example:The relationship between nighttime temperature and number of diamondback moth present in a pechay farm
Case Studies
Surveys
Longitudinal Surveys
Developmental Studies
Follow- up Studies
Documentary Analysis
Pechay Farm
Diamondback Moth
LONGITUDINAL SURVEYS• gathering the same
set of data periodically from the same subjects over a relatively long period
Example:Amount of leaf litter (kg/day) produced in a mangrove area in Tando, Guimaras in summer
Case Studies
Surveys
Correlation Study
Developmental Studies
Follow- up Studies
Documentary Analysis
Leaf of mangrove
DEVELOPMENTAL STUDIES• gathering data from
the progressive stages that a certain event undergo
Example:Timetable from fertilization to hatching of sea urchin eggs
Case Studies
Surveys
Correlation Study
Longitudinal Surveys
Follow- up Studies
Documentary Analysis
Fertilization of sea urchin eggs
FOLLOW-UP STUDIES• investigating the results achieved after a specified treatment or occurrence of certain conditions.
Example: The impact of mangrove reforestation on the population of mud crabs
TYPES OF DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
Case Studies
Surveys
Correlation Study
Longitudinal Surveys
Developmental Studies
Documentary Analysis
Mud Crab
Mangrove Reforestation
DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS•gathering information from records and documents.
Example:Filiariasis cases in Panay and sources of infection from DOH records
Case Studies
Surveys
Correlation Study
Longitudinal Surveys
Developmental Studies
Follow- up Studies
Filiariasis Virus
Source ofFiliariasis
Mr. Harold Medioda’s presentation of the same title.
A photocopy of book pages of unknown title and author (my apologies to the author)
Get ¼ sheet of paper
Spread out!!
Ready?
Reminder: No sharing of notes
1.True or False: The scientific method involves the research process.
2.True or False: Problem identification are features of both the scientific method and the research process.
3.3-4. Give two aims of research.
5. Pure or Applied: A study that aims to satisfy a curios mind with no practical and in mind.
6. What type of research explores the feasibility of producing a material.
7. What type of research involves the manipulation and control of variables?
8. What type of descriptive study is this?- It established that when water surface temperature increases, the number of a certain marine organism decreases.
9. TRUE or FALSE: There is a historical research that may be classified as experimental research.
10. What type of descriptive study is this?
- It aims to investigate the extent of the activity of one mouse when fed with different energy drink.
Stop writing!
Exchange paper with your neighbor
Write your name as corrector
Give one point for each correct answer.
1.True or False: The scientific method involves the research process. (FALSE)
2.True or False: Problem Identification are features of both scientific method and the research process. (TRUE)
3-4. Give two aims of research
Why do research?
•establishment of new knowledge•Enhance understanding of the natural world•test the validity of known theories and hypothesis•extension of existing knowledge
•find solutions to real problems•generate and develop technologies•test, modify and evaluate new andexisting technology
5. Pure or Applied: A study that aims to satisfy a curious mind with no practical end in mind. (PURE)
6. What type of research explore the feasibility of producing a material? (DEVELOPMENTAL)
7. What type of research involves the manipulation and control of variables? (EXPERIMENTAL)
8. What type of descriptive study is this? –It established that when water surface temperature increases, the number of a certain marine organism decreases. (CORRELATION STUDY)
9. TRUE or FALSE: There is a historical research that may be classified as experimental research. (FALSE)
10. What type of descriptive study is this? –It aims to investigate the extract of the activity of one mouse when fed with different energy drink. (CASE STUDY)
Submit the paper to your facilitator.
Return your seats in order and listen to the announcement
Journal FormatPeriod Covered:Summary:Details:Problems encountered:Plans for the coming week:
Journal Submission
Monday every week after the flag
ceremony to the research facilitator
Transparent envelope (long size) for
Your submitted articlesSection and Name below the flap(1-inch high letters on sticker or
Masking tape)Submitted articles must be
brought toEvery consultation meeting
The envelope will be checked during
The consultations next week