The nature of Hunger Food Crisis? cost

The nature of Hunger - Food Crisis?

• FAMINE A SEVERE SHORT TERM SHORTAGE OF FOOD CAUSED BY A TEMPORARY FAILURE OF FOOD PRODCUTION OR FOOD DISTRIBUTION THAT LEADS TO STARVATION

• GREATER THAN 10% OF HUNGER DEATHS ARE CAUSED BY FAMINE

• CAUSES - NATURAL (DROUGHT - ETHIOPIA)- HUMAN (CIVIL WAR - DARFUR)

The nature of Hunger - Food Crisis?

• STARVATION EXTREME HUNGER THAT OCCURES OVER ANEXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME

PEOPLE FAIL TO RECEIVE THE ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS FROM FOOD (MINERALS, PROTEIN, FATS, CARBOHYDRATES)

The nature of Hunger - Food Crisis?MALNUTRITION – INSUFFICIENT FOOD CONSUMPTION TO SATISFY BODILY NEEDS OVER A PROLONGED PERIOD OF TIME.

UNDERNUTRITION – INADEQUATE NUTRITION RESULTING FROM LACK OF FOOD OR FAILURE OF THE BODY TO ABSORB OR ASSIMILATE NUTRIENTS.

Malnutrition

- ~ 684,000 child deaths worldwide could be prevented by increasing access to vitamin A and zinc

- Lack of Vitamin A kills a million infants a year (sweet potatos, carrots, mangoes, spinach, milk, egg yolks, mozzarella

cheese) - Iron deficiency is the most prevalent form of

malnutrition worldwide, affecting an estimated 2 billion people.

Malnutrition

- Eradicating iron deficiency can improve national productivity levels by as much as 20% (liver, lean red meats, including beef, pork, lamb ･ seafood, such as oysters, clams, tuna, salmon, and shrimp, etc. ･ beans, including kidney, lima, navy, black, soy beans, and lentils ･ iron fortified whole grains, including cereals, breads, rice, and pasta ･greens, including collard greens, kale, mustard greens, spinach, and turnip greens ･ tofu ･vegetables, including broccoli, swiss chard,)

The nature of Hunger - Food Crisis?

• CHRONIC HUNGER - RESULTS FROM INSECURE SUPPLY OF FOOD

• AFFECTS 925 MILLION PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD• CHRONIC HUNGER IS A RESULT OF PEOPLE LACKING

THE OPPORTUNITY/ABILITY TO EARN ENOUGH $ TO GROW OR BUY FOOD

Global hunger- 1.02 billion people do not have enough to eat

(> populations of USA, Canada and the EU)- The number of undernourished people in the

world increased by 75 million in 2007 and 40 million in 2008, largely due to higher food prices;

- 907 million people in developing countries alone are hungry;

Global hunger- Asia and the Pacific region is home to over

half the world’s population and nearly two thirds of the world’s hungry people;

- 65 percent of the world's hungry live in only seven countries: India, China, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan and Ethiopia.

- More than 60 percent of chronically hungry people are women

Stunting: Reflects shortness-for-age; an indicator of chronic malnutrition and calculated by comparing the height-for-age of a child with a reference population of well nourished and healthy children

The nature of Hunger - Food Crisis?

Wasting: Reflects a recent and severe process that has led to substantial weight loss, usually associated with starvation and/or disease

The nature of Hunger - Food Crisis?

Underweight: Measured by comparing the weight-for-age of a child with a reference population of well nourished and healthy children.

The nature of Hunger - Food Crisis?

Global Hunger Index

• INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE (IFPRI) BASED IN THE UNITED STATES DEVELOPED THE GLOBAL HUNGER INDEX (GHI) TO SHOW THE SEVERITY OF HUNGER IN COUNTRIES IN NEAR CORE AND FAR PERIPHERY

• GHI

Global Hunger Index

Three indicators are used to rank countries on a 100 point scale (0=Best, 100=Worst)

I) Proportion of people who are food-energy deficientii) Prevalence of underweight children under the age of 5

yrs oldiii) The mortality rate of children under 5 years old

The geography of Hunger

CHILD HUNGER- Every 6 seconds a child dies because of

hunger and related causes- 1 out of 4 children - roughly 146 million - in developing countries are

underweight;- More than 70% of the world's 146 million underweight children under

age 5 live in just 10 countries

Food and Aids- In the countries most heavily affected, HIV has reduced life expectancy

by more than 20 years, slowed economic growth, and deepened household poverty.

- WFP and UNAIDS project that it will cost on average US $0.70 cents per day to nutritionally support an AIDS patient and his/her family.

- Assistance for orphans and vulnerable children is estimated at US$0.31 per day.

Major Famines/Food Shortages of the 20th Century

Major Famines/Food Shortages of the 21th Century

20th Century Famine Deaths

16,500,000 Former Soviet UnionThe Ukrainian Famine

1,900,000Bangladesh

Ethiopia7,000,000

Sudan150,000

36,000,000China

•North Korea

Palamu, India

Haiti

Mexico

Afghanistan

Somalia

Soviet Union’s forgotten famine

Look at Haiti on Google Earth - Deforestation

World Bank tackles food emergency

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7344892.stm

Food Crisis: Facts and What We Can Do http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8GKVPnWXg-0

Indian community tackles food security issue

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EPIFrYAukrk

Aid Spending- In a 1970 UN Resolution, most

industrialised nations committed themselves to tackling global poverty by spending 0.7 percent of their national incomes on international aid by 1975.

- Only Norway, Sweden, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Denmark regularly meet his target

Aid Spending- The 22 member countries of the OECD

Development Assistance Committee, the world's major donors, provided USD 103.9 billion in aid in 2006 - down by 5.1% from 2005(Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2007)

Aid Spending- The largest donors were the United

States (US$24 billion), Japan (US$18 billion), the United Kingdom (US$13 billion), Germany and France (US$12 billion each), the Netherlands (nearly US$6 billion), Spain and Italy (just over US$4 billion each) representing 80 percent of the total

Percentage of Undernourished PeopleFor Selected Region, 1999-2001

Core countries 2%

China20%

Asia & the Pacific24%

Sub-Saharan Africa32%

Latin America & Caribbean

8%

Middle East & North Africa6%

Countries in Transition5%

India 3%

Global Starvation Deaths (in millions per decade)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1910-19 1920-29 1930-39 1940-49 1950-59 1960-69 1970-79 1980-89 1990-99

Time Period

Million

s of

Death

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