The Longman Anthology ofBritish Literature

Third Edition

David Damrosch and Kevin J. H. DettmarGeneral Editors

VOLUME ONE

THE MIDDLE AGESChristopher Baswell and Anne Howland Schotter

THE EARLY MODERN PERIODConstance Jordan and Clare Carroll

THE RESTORATION AND THE 18TH CENTURYStuart Sherman

New York San Francisco BostonLondon Toronto Sydney Tokyo Singapore Madrid

Mexico City Munich Paris Cape Town Hong Kong Montreal

CONTENTS

List of Illustrations xxxiii

Additional Audio and Online Resources xxxviiD ** £> f/1 f £> /y ry ry V /y

x / C / Ifa L fZ v\ «/V fV f1 *Af

Acknowledgments xlvii

The Middle Ages 3

BEFORE THE NORMAN CONQUEST 27

BEOWULF 27

CQCW R E S P O N S E

John Gardner: from Grendel 93 cfx^

EARLY IRISH NARRATIVE 96The Labour Pains of the Ulaid 97The Birth of Cu Chulainn 98The Naming of Cu Chulainn 99

EARLY IRISH VERSE 100To Crinog 101Pangur the Cat 102Writing in the Wood 103The Viking Terror 103The Old Woman of Beare 104Findabair Remembers Froech 107A Grave Marked with Ogam 107from The Voyage of Mael Duin 108

JUDITH 109

THE DREAM OF THE ROOD 115

Contents

PERSPECTIVES -!>•• 'Ethnic and Religious Encounters 120

BEDE 121

from An Ecclesiastical History of the English People 122BISHOP ASSER 127

from The Life of King Alfred 127KING ALFRED 129

Preface to Saint Gregory's Pastoral Care 129OHTHERE'S JOURNEYS 131THE ANGLO-SAXON CHRONICLE 134

I Stamford Bridge and Hastings 134

TALIESIN 135Urien Yrechwydd 136The Battle of Argoed Llwyfain 137The War-Band's Return 137Lament for Owain Son of Urien 139

THE TALE OF TALIESIN 139

THE WANDERER 153

WULF AND EADWACER and THE WIFE'S LAMENT 156

RIDDLES 158

Three Anglo-Latin Riddles by Aldhelm 159Five Old English Riddles 160

AFTER THE NORMAN CONQUEST 163

+*lr PERSPECTIVES -!>-*Arthurian Myth in the History of Britain 163

GEOFFREY OF MONMOUTH 164from History of the Kings of Britain 165

GERALD OF WALES 175from The Instruction of Princes 176

EDWARD I 177Letter sent to the Papal Court of Rome 178

<s©» R E S P O N S E

A Report to Edward I 179

Contents vii

ARTHURIAN ROMANCE 181

MARIE DE FRANCE 181

Lais 182Prologue 182Lanval 184Chevrefoil (The Honeysuckle) 198

SIR GAWAIN AND THE GREEN KNIGHT 200

(Translated by J.R.R. Tolkien)

SIR THOMAS MALORY 259

Morte Darthur 260from Caxton's Prologue 260The Miracle of Galahad 262The Poisoned Apple 270The Day of Destiny 279

fa©* RESPONSES

Marion Zimmer Bradley: from The Mists of Avalon 289Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones, and

Michael Palin: scene from Monty Python and the Holy Grail 291

GEOFFREY CHAUCER 2 9 3

The Parliament of Fowls 298

THE CANTERBURY TALES 316The General Prologue (Middle English and modern translation) 318The Miller's Tale 358

The Introduction 358The Tale 360 '

The Wife of Bath's Prologue 375The Wife of Bath's Tale 394

rt*a» RESPONSEWilliam Dunbar:from The Treatise of the Two Married Women and the Widow 403

The Franklin's Tale 407The Prologue 407The Tale 408

The Pardoner's Prologue 427The Pardoner's Tale 432

viii Contents

. The Nun's Priest's Tale 444The Parson's Tale 460

The Introduction 460[The Remedy for the Sin of Lechery] 462Chaucer's Retraction 464

To His Scribe Adam 465Complaint to His Purse 466

WILLIAM LANGLAND 466Piers Plowman 469

Prologue 469Passus 2 471from Passus 6 473Passus 8 475Passus 20 484

M "PIERS PLOWMAN" AND ITS TIME

The Rising of 1381 495from The Anonimalle Chronicle [Wat Tyler's Demands to Richard II, and

His Death] 497Three Poems on the Rising of 1381: John Ball's First Letter 502 • John

Ball's Second Letter 503 • The Course of Revolt 503John Gower: from The Voice of One Crying 505 H

MYSTICAL WRITINGS 508

JULIAN OF NORWICH 509A Book of Showings 510

[Three Graces. Illness. The First Revelation] 510[Laughing at the Devil] 514[Christ Draws Julian in through His Wound] 515[The Necessity of Sin, and of Hating Sin] 517[God as Father, Mother, Husband] 518[The Soul as Christ's Citadel] 523[The Meaning of the Visions Is Love] 524

C O M P A N I O N R E A D I N G S

Richard Rolle: from The Fire of Love 526from The Cloud of Unknowing 527

R E S P O N S E

Rebecca Jackson: The Dream of Washing Quilts 529

Contents ix

MEDIEVAL BIBLICAL DRAMA 531

THE SECOND PLAY OF THE SHEPHERDS 532

THE YORK PLAY OF THE CRUCIFIXION 551

VERNACULAR RELIGION 559The Wycliffite Bible 562

John 10.11-18 562from A Wycliffite Sermon on John 10.11-18 562John Mirk 564

from Festial 564Preaching and Teaching in the Vernacular 567Nicholas Love 568

from The Mirror of the Blessed Life of Jesus Christ 568from The Confession of Hawisia Moone of Loddon 569

MARGERY KEMPE 572

The Book of Margery Kempe 573The Preface 573

[Early Life and Temptations, Revelation, Desire for Foreign Pilgrimage] 573[Meeting with Bishop of Lincoln and Archbishop of Canterbury] 580[Visit with Julian of Norwich] 583[Pilgrimage to Jerusalem] 585[Arrest by Duke of Bedford's Men; Meeting with Archbishop of York] 587

MIDDLE ENGLISH LYRICS 591

The Cuckoo Song ("Sumer is icumen in") 593Spring ("Lenten is come with love to toune") 593Alisoun ("Bitwene Mersh and Averil") 595I Have a Noble Cock 596My Lefe Is Faren in a Lond 596Fowls in the Frith 597Abuse of Women ("In every place ye may well see") 597The Irish Dancer ("Gode sire, pray ich thee") 598A Forsaken Maiden's Lament ("I lovede a child of this cuntree") 599The Wily Clerk ("This enther day I mete a clerke") 599Jolly Jankin ("As I went on Yol Day in our procession") 600Adam Lay Ibounden 601I Sing of a Maiden 601In Praise of Mary ("Edi be thu, Hevene Quene") 602Mary Is with Child ("Under a tree") 603Sweet Jesus, King of Bliss 604Now Goeth Sun under Wood 606Jesus, My Sweet Lover ("Jesu Christ, my lemmon swete") 606Contempt of the World ("Where beth they biforen us weren?") 606

i Contents

DAFYDD AP GWILYM 608Aubade 609One Saving Place 610The Girlsof Iianbadarn 612Tale of a Wayside Inn 613 .The Hateful Husband 615The Winter 616The Ruin 617

MIDDLE SCOTS POETS 618

WILLIAM DUNBAR 618Lament for the Makars 618Done Is a Battell 621In Secreit Place This Hyndir Nycht 622

ROBERT HENRYSON 624Robene and Makyne 624

LATE MEDIEVAL ALLEGORY 628

CHARLES D'ORLEANS 628Ballade 26 629Ballade 61 630Roundel 94 631

MANKIND 631(acting edition by Peter Meredith)

CHRISTINE DE PIZAN 658

from Book of the City of Ladies 659(trans, by Earl Jeffrey Richards)

The Early Modern Period 667

JOHN SKELTON 689Womanhod, Wanton 689Lullay 690Knolege, Aquayntance 691 •Manerly Margery Mylk and Ale 692

xii Contents

PERSPECTIVES -J>*Government and Self-Government 790

WILLIAM TYNDALE 791from The Obedience of a Christian Man 791

JUAN LUIS VIVES 792from Instruction of a Christian Woman 792

SIR THOMAS ELYOT 794from The Book Named the Governor 794from The Defence of Good Women 796

JOHN PONET 797from A Short Treatise of Political Power 797

BALDASSARE CASTIGLIONE 799from The Book of the Courtier 799

JOHN FOXE 800from The Book of Martyrs 800

ROGER ASCHAM 803from The Schoolmaster 803

RICHARD MULCASTER 805from The First Part of the Elementary 805

SIR THOMAS SMITH 807from De Republica Anglorum 807

RICHARD HOOKER 808from The Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity 809

JAMES I (JAMES VI OF SCOTLAND) 8 1 1

from The True Law of Free Monarchies 811THOMAS HOBBES 8 1 3

from Leviathan 813 I

GEORGE GASCOIGNE 815Seven Sonnets to Alexander Neville 815Woodmanship 818

EDMUND SPENSER 822The Shepheardes Calender 824

October 824

THE FAERIE QUEENE 828A Letter of the Authors 829The First Booke of the Faerie Queene 832

Amoretti 9801 ("Happy ye leaves when as those lilly hands") 9804 ("New yeare forth looking out of Janus gate") 98013 ("In that proud port, which her so goodly graceth") 98122 ("This holy season fit to fast and pray") 981

Contents

' 62 ("The weary yeare his race now having run") 98165 ("The doubt which ye misdeeme, fayre love, is vaine") 98266 ("To all those happy blessings which ye have") 98268 ("Most glorious Lord of lyfe that on this day") 98375 ("One day I wrote her name upon the strand") 983

Epithalamion 983

SIR PHILIP SIDNEY 993

The Apology for Poetry 995

ffl "THE APOLOGY" AND ITS TIME

The Art of Poetry 1028Stephen Gosson from The School of Abuse 1029George Puttenh am from The Art of English Poesie 1031George Gascoigne from Certain Notes of Instruction 1033Samuel Daniel from A Defense of Rhyme 1035 II

Astrophil and Stella 10361 ("Loving in truth, and fain in verse my love to show") 10363 ("Let dainty wits cry on the sisters nine") 10377 ("When Nature made her chief work, Stella's eyes") 10379 ("Queen Virtue's court, which some call Stella's face") 103810 ("Reason, in faith thou art well served, that still") 103814 ("Alas, have I not pain enough, my friend") 103815 ("You that do search for every purling spring") 103923 ("The curious wits, seeing dull pensiveness") 103924 ("Rich fool there be whose base and filthy heart") 104031 ("With how sad steps, O Moon, thou climb'st the skies") 104037 ("My mouth doth water and my breast doth swell") 104039 ("Come sleep, O sleep, the certain knot of peace") 104145 ("Stella oft sees the very face of woe") 104147 ("What, have I thus betrayed my liberty?") 104152 ("A strife is grown between Virtue and Love") 104160 ("When my good Angel guides me to the place") 104263 ("O grammar-rules, O now your virtues show") • 104364 ("No more, my dear, no more these counsels try") 104368 ("Stella, the only planet of my light") 104371 ("Who will in fairest book of Nature know") 1044Second song ("Have I caught my heavenly jewel") 104474 ("I never drank of Aganippe well") 1045Fourth song ("Only joy, now here you are") 104586 ("Alas, whence came this change of looks? If I. . . ") 1047Eighth song ("In a grove most rich of shade") 1047Ninth song ("Go, my flock, go get you hence") 104989 ("Now that, of absence, the most irksome night") 1051

xiv Contents

90 ("Stella, think not that I by verse seek fame") 105191 ("Stella, while now by honor's cruel might") 105197 ("Dian, that fain would cheer her friend the Night") 1052104 ("Envious wits, what hath been mine offense") 1052106 ("O absent presence, Stella is not here") 1052107 ("Stella, since thou so right a princess art") 1053108 ("When sorrow (using mine own fire's might)") 1053

ISABELLA WHITNEY 1054The Admonition by the Author 1054A Careful Complaint by the Unfortunate Author 1057The Manner of Her Will 1059

MARY HERBERT, COUNTESS OF PEMBROKE 1067Even Now That Care 1068To Thee Pure Sprite 1070Psalm 71: In Te Domini Speravi ("On thee my trust is grounded") 1072

ctxu COMPANION READINGMiles Coverdale: Psalm 71 1075 «s©»

Psalm 121: Levavi Oculos ("Unto the hills, I now will bend") 1076The Doleful Lay of Clorinda 1076

PERSPECTIVESThe Rise of Print Culture 1079

RANULF HIGDEN 1082from Polychronicon 1082

MARTIN MARPRELATE 1085from Hay any workefor Cooper 1087

THOMAS NASHE 1087from Pierce Penniless his Supplication to the Devil 1088 '•••

MICHEL DE MONTAIGNE 1090from "Of books," in Essays, translated by John Florio 1090

GEOFFREY WHITNEY 1091The Phoenix 1092 •

FRANCIS BACON 1093OfTruth 1094Of Superstition 1095 • . • . . .Of Studies [version of 1597] 1096 ' • - • <Of Studies [version of 1625] 1097from The Advancement of Learning, The Second Book 1099

Contents

horn The Advancement of Learning, The Ninth Book 1100THE KING JAMES BIBLE 1 1 0 1

from Genesis 1102ROBERT BURTON 1 1 0 3

from The Anatomy of Melancholy 1105JOHN BUNYAN 1 1 0 7

from The Pilgrim's Progress 1107

ELIZABETH I 1114Written with a Diamond on Her Window at Woodstock 1116Written on a Wall at Woodstock 1116The Doubt of Future Foes 1116On Monsieur's Departure 1117

SPEECHES 1117On Marriage 1118On Mary, Queen of Scots 1119On Mary's Execution 1122To the English Troops at Tilbury, Facing the Spanish Armada 1124The Golden Speech 1124

AEMILIA LANYER 1126The Description of Cookham 1127Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum 1132

To the Doubtful Reader 1132To the Virtuous Reader 1132[Invocation] 1133[Against Beauty Without Virtue] 1133[Pilate's Wife Apologizes for Eve] 1135

RICHARD BARNFIELD 1 1 3 7

The Affectionate Shepherd 1138Sonnets from Cynthia 1154

I ("Sporting at fancy, setting light by love") 11545 ("It is reported of fair Thetis' son") 11559 ("Diana (on a time) walking the wood") 1155II ("Sighing, and sadly sitting by my love") 115613 ("Speak, Echo, tell; how may I call my love?") 115619 ("Ah no; nor I myself: though my pure love") 1156

xvi Contents

CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE 1157The Passionate Shepherd to His Love 1158

rtss" RESPONSESir Walter Raleigh: The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd 1158 «s©=

Hero and Leander 1159The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus 1177

rt»» RESPONSEC.S. Lewis: from The Screwtape Letters 1228 rts©»

SIR WALTER RALEIGH 1 2 3 0

Nature That Washed Her Hands in Milk 1231To the Queen 1232On the Life of Man 1233The Author's Epitaph, Made by Himself 1233As You Came from the Holy Land 1233from The 21 st and Last Book of the Ocean to Cynthia 1234The Discovery of the Large, Rich and Beautiful Empire of Guiana 1239

from Epistle Dedicatory 1239To the Reader 1241[The Amazons] 1245[The Orinoco] 1245

• . [The King of Aromaia] 1246[The New World of Guiana] 1248

PERSPECTIVES -|>-* 'England in the New World 1251

ARTHUR BARLOWfrom The First Voyage Made to the Coasts of America 1252

THOMAS HARIOTfrom A Brief and True Report of the Newfound Land of Virginia 1256

MICHAEL DRAYTON 1259To the Virginian Voyage 1259

JOHN SMITH 1261from General History of Virginia and the Summer Isles 1262

JOHN DONNE 1267from A Sermon Preached to the Honorable Company of the

• Virginia Plantation 1269

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE 1273

SONNETS 12761 ("From fairest creatures we desire increase") 1276

Contents xvii

12 ("When I do count the clock that tells the time") 127615 ("When I consider every thing that grows") 127718 ("Shall I compare thee to a summer's day") 127720 ("A woman's face with Nature's own hand painted") 127829 ("When, in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes") 127830 ("When to the sessions of sweet silent thought") 127831 ("Thy bosom is endeared with all hearts") 127933 ("Full many a glorious morning have I seen") 127935 ("No more be grieved at that which thou hast done") 128055 ("Not marble nor the gilded monuments") 128060 ("Like as the waves make towards the pebbled shore") 128071 ("No longer mourn for me when I am dead") 128173 ("That time of year thou mayst in me behold") 128180 ("O, h o w I faint when I of you do write") 128186 ("Was it the proud full sail of his great verse") 128287 ("Farewell! Thou art too dear for my possessing") . 128293 ("So shall I live, supposing thou art true") 128294 ("They that have pow' r to hurt, and will do none") 1283104 ("To me, fair friend, you never can be old ' ) 1283106 ("When in the chronicle of wasted time") 1284107 ("Not mine own fears nor the prophetic soul") 1284116 ("Let me not to the marriage of true minds") 1284123 ("No, Time, thou shalt not boast that I do change") 1285124 ("If my dear love were but the child of state") 1285126 ("O thou, my lovely boy, w h o in thy power") 1286-128 ("How oft, when thou my music play'st") 1287 •129 ("The expense of spirit in a waste of shame") 1286130 ("My mistress 'eyes are nothing like the sun") 1287

- 138 ("When my love swears that she is made of truth") 1287144 ("Two loves I have, of comfort and despair") 1287152 ("In loving thee thou know'st I am forsworn") 1288

Twelfth Night; or, What You Will 1288The Tempest 1345

rfscu C O M P A N I O N READINGS

William Strachey: from A True Reportory of the Wreck and Redemptionof Sir Thomas Gates, Knight, upon and from the Islands of theBermudas 1400 • P

Michel de Montaigne: from Of Cannibals 1407 «asw

fosu RESPONSEAime Cesaire -.from A Tempest 1408 <s©>

THOMAS DEKKER AND THOMAS MIDDLETON . 1416The Roaring Girl; or, Moll Cut-Purse 1419

xviii Contents

"THE ROARING GIRL" AND ITS TIME

City Life 1489Barnabe Riche from My Lady's Looking Glass 1491Robert Greene from A Notable Discovery of 'Cosenage 1492Thomas Dekker from Lantern and Candlelight 1493Thomas Deloney from Thomas of Reading 1497Thomas Nashe from Pierce Penniless 1503King James I from A Counterblast to Tobacco 1506 11

PERSPECTIVES i STracts on Women and Gender 1508

DESIDERIUS ERASMUS 1509/ row In Laude and Praise of Matrimony 1510

BARNABE RICHE 1 5 1 1

from My Lady's Looking Glass 1511MARGARET TYLER 1 5 1 2

from Preface to The First Part of the Mirror of Princely Deeds 1513JOSEPH SWETNAM 1 5 1 4

from The Arraignment of Lewd, Idle, Froward, and Unconstant Women 1515RACHEL SPEGHT 1 5 1 7

from A Muzzle for Melastomus 1518ESTER SOWERNAM 1523

from Ester Hath Hanged Haman 1523HIC MULIER AND HAEC-VIR 1526

from Hie Mulier; or, The Man-Woman 1527from Haec-Vir; or, The Womanish-Man 1530

THOMAS CAMPION 1534My sweetest Lesbia, let us live and love 1535There is a garden in her face 1536Rose-cheeked Laura, come 1536When thou must home to shades of underground 1537Never weather-beaten sail more willing bent to shore 1537

MICHAEL DRAYTON 1537To the Reader 1538Sonnet 12 ("To nothing fitter can I thee compare") 1539Sonnet 61 ("Since there's no help, come let us kiss and part") 1539To His Coy Love, a Canzonet 1540

BENJONSON 1540

The Alchemist 1542On Something, That Walks Somewhere 1642

Contents xix

On My First Daughter 1642To John Donne 1642On My First Son 1643Inviting a Friend to Supper 1643To Penshurst 1644Song to Celia 1646Queen and Huntress 1647To the Memory of My Beloved, the Author, Mr. William Shakespeare, and

What He Hath Left Us 1647To the Immortal Memory, and Friendship of that Noble Pair, Sir Lucius Cary

and Sir H. Morison 1649Pleasure Reconciled to Virtue 1653

rt3>o» R E S P O N S EThom Gunn: from. The Occasions of Poetry 1661 *©©*

JOHN DONNE 1669The Good Morrow 1671Song ("Go, and catch a falling star") 1672 :

The Undertaking 1672The Sun Rising 1673The Indifferent 1674The Canonization 1674Air and Angels 1676Break of Day 1676A Valediction: of Weeping 1677Love's Alchemy 1678The Flea 1678The Bait 1679The Apparition 1680A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning 1680The Ecstasy 1681The Funeral 1683The Relic 1684Elegy 19: To His Mistress Going to Bed 1685

HOLY SONNETS 16861 ("As due by many titles I resign") 16862 ("Oh my black soul! Now thou art summoned") 16863 ("This is my play's last scene, here heavens appoint") 16874 ("At the round earth's imagined corners, blow") 16875 ("If poisonous minerals, and if that tree") 16876 ("Death be not proud, though some have called thee") 16887 ("Spit in my face ye Jews, and pierce my side") 16888 ("Why are we by all creatures waited on?") 16899 ("What if this present were the world's last night?") 168910 ("Batter my heart, three-personed God; for, you") 168911 ("Wilt thou love God, as he thee? Then digest") 1690

xx Contents

12 ("Father, part of his double interest") 1690

Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions 1691["For whom the bell tolls"] 1691

LADY MARY WROTH 1692Pamphilia to Amphilanthus 1693

1 ("When night's black mantle could most darkness prove") 16935 ("Can pleasing sight misfortune ever bring?") 169416 ("Am I thus conquered? Have I lost the powers") 169417 ("Truly poor Night thou welcome art to me") 169525 ("Like to the Indians, scorched with the sun") 169526 ("When everyone to pleasing pastime hies") 169528 Song ("Sweetest love, return again") 169639 ("Take heed mine eyes, how you your looks do cast") 169640 ("False hope which feeds but to destroy, and spill") 169748 ("If ever Love had force in human breast?") 169755 ("How like a fire does love increase in me") 169768 ("My pain, still smothered in my grieved breast") 169874 Song ("Love a child is ever crying") 1698A Crown of Sonnets Dedicated to Love 1699

77 ("In this strange labyrinth how shall I turn?") 169982 ("He may our profit and our tutor prove") 169983 ("How blessed be they then, who his favors prove") 170084 (" He that shuns love does love himself the less") 1700103 ("My muse now happy, lay thyself to rest") 1700

from The Countess of Montgomery's Urania 1701

ROBERT HERRICK 1 7 0 4

HESPERIDES 1705The Argument of His Book 1705To His Book 1706Another ("To read my book the virgin shy") 1706Another ("Who with thy leaves shall •wipe at need") 1706To the Sour Reader 1706When He Would Have His Verses Read 1706Delight in Disorder 1707Corinna's Going A-Maying 1707To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time 1709The Hock-Cart, or Harvest Home 1709His Prayer to Ben Jonson 1710Upon Julia's Clothes 1711Upon His Spaniel Tracie 1711The Dream ("Me thought (last night) Love in an anger came") 1711The Dream ("By dream I saw one of the three") 1711The Vine 1712

Contents xxi

The Vision 1712Discontents in Devon 1713To Dean-Bourn, a Rude River in Devon 1713Upon Scobble: Epigram 1713The Christian Militant 1713To His Tomb-Maker 1714Upon Himself Being Buried 1714His Last Request to Julia 1714The Pillar of Fame 1714

HIS NOBLE NUMBERS 1715His Prayer for Absolution 1715To His Sweet Saviour 1715To God, on His Sickness 1715

GEORGE HERBERT 1716

The Altar 1717Redemption 1717 . .Easter 1718Easter Wings 1719Affliction (1) 1719Prayer (1) 1721Jordan (1) 1721Church Monuments 1722The Windows 1722Denial 1723Virtue 1723Man 1724Jordan (2) 1725Time 1726TheCollar 1726The Pulley 1727The Forerunners 1728Love (3) 1729

RICHARD LOVELACE 1729To Lucasta, Going to the Wars 1730The Grasshopper 1731To Althea, from Prison 1732Love Made in the First Age: To Chloris 1733

HENRY VAUGHAN 1734

Regeneration 1735The Retreat 1737Silence, and Stealth of Days 1738The World 1739

xxii Contents

They Are All Gone into the World of Light! 1741The Night 1742

ANDREW MARVELL 1743The Coronet 1745Bermudas 1745The Nymph Complaining for the Death of Her Fawn 1746To His Coy Mistress 1749The Definition of Love 1750The Mower Against Gardens 1751The Mower's Song 1752The Garden 1753An Horatian Ode Upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland 1755

KATHERINE PHILIPS 1758Friendship in Emblem, or the Seal 1759Upon the Double Murder of King Charles 1761On the Third of September, 1651 1761To the Truly Noble, and Obliging Mrs. Anne Owen 1762To Mrs. Mary Awbrey at Parting 1763To My Excellent Lucasia, on Our Friendship 1764The World 1765

1 ^ f PERSPECTIVES - ^ 'The Civil War, or the Wars of Three Kingdoms 1768

JOHN GAUDEN 1770from Eikon Basilike 1771

JOHN MILTON 1774from Eikonoklastes 1774

THE PETITION OF GENTLEWOMEN AND TRADESMEN'S WIVES 1780OLIVER CROMWELL 1784

from Letters from Ireland 1785JOHN O'DWYER OF THE GLENN 1789THE STORY OF ALEXANDER AGNEW; OR, JOCK OF BROAD

SCOTLAND 1791EDWARD HYDE, EARL OF CLARENDON 1792

from True Historical Narrative of the Rebellion 1793

JOHN MILTON 1796L'Allegro 1798II Penseroso 1802Lycidas 1806How Soon Hath Time 1811

Contents xxiii

On the New Forcers of Conscience Under the Long Parliament 1811To the Lord General Cromwell 1812On the Late Massacre in Piedmont 1813When I Consider How My light Is Spent 1813Methought I Saw My Late Espoused Saint 1813from Areopagitica 1814

1823PARADISE LOSTBook 1

Book 2

Book 3Book 4

Book 5Book 6

Book 7Book 8

Book 9Book 10

Book 11

Book 12

1824

1845

18691888

19111932

19531968

19832010

2036

2057

RESPONSES • .

Mary WoUstonecraft: from A Vindication of the Rights of Woman 2073William Blake: A Poison Tree 2075

Samson Agonistes 2075

The Restoration and the Eighteenth Century 2121

SAMUEL PEPYS 2145

The Diary 2146[First Entries] 2146 .[The Coronation of Charles II] 2148[The Plague Year] 2150[The Fire of London] 2156

IS PEPYS'S DIARY AND ITS TIME

John Evelyn from Kalendarium 2160 M

c&Qj, RESPONSERobert Louis Stevenson: from Samuel Pepys 2172

Contents

^^PERSPECTIVESThe Royal Society and the New Science 2174

THOMAS-SPRAT 2175from The History of the Royal Society of London 2176

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS 2178from Philosophical Transactions 2178

ROBERT HOOKE 2181from Micrographia 2182

JOHN AUBREY 2188I from Brief Lives 2189

MARGARET CAVENDISH, DUCHESS OF NEWCASTLE 2 1 9 3

POEMS AND FANCIES 2194The Poetress's Hasty Resolution 2194The Poetress's Petition 2195An Apology for Writing So Much upon This Book 2195The Hunting of the Hare 2195

from A True Relation of My Birth, Breeding, and Life 2198Observations upon Experimental Philosophy 2203

. Of Micrography, and of Magnifying and Multiplying Glasses 2203The Description of a New Blazing World 2205

from To the Reader 2205[Creating Worlds] 2206[Empress, Duchess, Duke] 2207Epilogue 2208

JOHN DRYDEN 2209

Absalom and Achitophel: A Poem 2212

M "ABSALOM AND ACHITOPHEL" AND ITS TIME

Charles II: His Majesty's Declaration 2237 H

Mac Flecknoe 2239To the Memory of Mr. Oldham 2245To the Pious Memory of the Accomplished Young Lady Mrs.

Anne Killigrew 2246Alexander's Feast 2251Fables Ancient and Modern 2256

from Preface 2256The Secular Masque 2264

Contents xxv

APHRA BEHN . 2267The Disappointment 2269 •To Lysander, on Some Verses He Writ 2272To Lysander at the Music-Meeting 2274A Letter to Mr. Creech at Oxford 2275To the Fair Clarinda, Who Made Love to Me, Imagined More than

Woman 2277Oroonoko 2278

rts©> RESPONSEThomas Southerne: from Oroonoko: A Tragedy 2321 <&>

1 **&. PERSPECTIVES - ^ 'Coterie Writing 2327

MARY, LADY CHULEIGH 2327To the Ladies 2327 .To Almystrea 23,28

ANNE FINCH, COUNTESS OF WINCHILSEA 2329The Introduction 2330Friendship Between Ephelia and Ardelia 2331A Nocturnal Reverie 2332 ' .. ' ,A Ballad to Mrs. Catherine Fleming in London from Malshanger Farm in

Hampshire 2333MARY LEAPOR 2335

The Headache. To Aurelia 2328Mira To Octavia 2337 .An Epistle to Artemisia. On Fame 2338Advice to Sophronia 2343

• The Epistle of Deborah Dough 2344 . , ' .

JOHN WILMOT, EARL OF ROCHESTER 2327Against Constancy 2346The Disabled Debauchee 2347Song ("Love a woman? You're an ass!") 2348The Imperfect Enjoyment 2348Upon Nothing 2350A Satyr Against Reason and Mankind 2351

WILLIAM WYCHERLEY 2356The Country Wife 2358

MARY ASTELL 2427from Some Reflections upon Marriage 2428

xxvi Contents

DANIEL DEFOE 2 4 3 7

A True Relation of the Apparition of One Mrs. Veal 2440A Journal of the Plague Year 2446

[At the Burial Pit] 2446[Encounter with a Waterman] 2449

PERSPECTIVESReading Papers 2453

NEWS AND COMMENT 2454from Mercurius Publicus [Anniversary of the Regicide] 2454from The London Gazette [The Fire of London] 2455from The Daily Courant No. 1 [Editorial Policy] 2456Daniel Defoe: from A Review of the State of the British

Nation, Vol. 4, No. 21 [The New Union] 2457from The Craftsman No. 307 [Vampires in Britain] 2459

PERIODICAL PERSONAE 2462Richard Steele: from Tatler No. 1 [Introducing Mr. Bickerstaff] 2463Joseph Addison: from Spectator No. 1 [Introducing Mr. Spectator] 2466from Female Spectator, Vol. 1, No. 1 [The Author's Intent] 2468Richard Steele: from Tatler No. 18 [The News Writers in Danger] 2470Joseph Addison: from Tatler No. 155 [The Political Upholsterer] 2470Joseph Addison: from Spectator No. 10 [The Spectator and Its Readers] 2472

GETTING, SPENDING, SPECULATING 2474Joseph Addison: Spectator No. 69 [Royal Exchange] 2476Richard Steele: Spectator No. 11 [Inkle and Yarico] 2479Daniel Defoe: from A Review of the State of the British Nation, Vol. 1, No. 43

[Weak Foundations] 2481Advertisements from the Spectator 2483

WOMEN AND MEN, MANNERS AND MARRIAGE 2483Richard Steele: from Tatler No. 25 [Duellists] 2484Daniel Defoe: from A Review of the State of the British Nation, Vol. 9, No. 34

[A Duellist's Conscience] 2485from The Athenian Mercury 2487Richard Steele: from Tatler No. 104 [Jenny Distaff Newly Married] 2490Joseph Addison: Spectator No. 128 [Variety of Temper] 2491Eliza Haywood: from The Female Spectator, Vol. 1, No. 1 [Seomanthe's

Elopement] 2494Eliza Haywood: from The Female Spectator, Vol. 2, No. 10 [Women's

Education] 2496

JONATHAN SWIFT 2 4 9 8

A Description of the Morning 2500A Description of a City Shower 2501Stella's Birthday, 1719 2504Stella's Birthday, 1727 2504

Contents xxvii

The Lady's Dressing Room 2506

QG» RESPONSE

Lady Mary Wortley Montagu: The Reasons that induced Dr. S. to write aPoem called The Lady's Dressing Room 2510 sew

Verses on the Death of Dr. Swift, D.S.P.D. 2513Journal to Stella 2526 .

from Letter 10 2527Gulliver's Travels 2531 :

from Part 3- A Voyage to Laputa 2532Part 4. A Voyage to the Country of the Houyhnhnms 2541

M "GULLIVER'S TRAVELS" AND ITS TIME 2587 •from Letters on Gulliver's Travels Jonathan Swift to Alexander

Pope 2588 • Alexander Pope to Jonathan Swift 2588 • John Gayto Jonathan Swift 2589 • Jonathan Swift to Alexander Pope 2590• "The Prince of Lilliput" to Stella 2590 M . .

A Modest Proposal 2591

A MODEST PROPOSAL" AND ITS TIME 2598William Petty from Political Arithmetic 2598

ALEXANDER POPE 2 5 9 9

An Essay on Criticism 2601Windsor-Forest 2619The Rape of the Lock 2631The Iliad 2652

from Preface [On Translation] 2652from Book 12 [Sarpedon's Speech] 2654 • - • :

Eloisa to Abelard 2655from An Essay on Man 2664

Epistle 1 2664

To the Reader 2664

The Design 2665

Argument 2665

An Epistle from Mr. Pope, to Dr. Arbuthnot 2673An Epistle To a Lady: Of the Characters of Women 2684Epistle 2. To a Lady: Of the Characters of Women 2685

«so» RESPONSE 2692Mary Leapor: An Essay on Woman 2692

from The Dunciad 2694from Book the Fourth 2694

[The Goddess Coming in Her Majesty] 2695

[The Geniuses of the Schools] 2696

xxviii Contents

[Young Gentlemen Returned from Travel] 2697[The Minute Philosophers and the Consummation of All] 2699

LADY MARYWORTLEY MONTAGU 2706from The Turkish Embassy Letters 2707

To Lady—[On the Turkish Baths] 2707To Lady Mar [On Turkish Dress] 2709

Letter to Lady Bute [On Her Granddaughter] 2711Epistle from Mrs. Yonge to Her Husband 2714The Lover: A Ballad 2716

JOHN GAY 2717The Beggar's Opera 2719

H "THE BEGGAR'S OPERA" AND ITS TIME

Influences and Impact 2765Thomas D'Urfey from Wit and Mirth: or, Pills to Purge

Melancholy 2765Daniel Defoe from The True and Genuine Account of the Life and

Actions of the Late Jonathan Wild 2768Henry Fielding from The Life of Mr. Jonathan Wild the Great 2772Anonymous from A Narrative of All the Robberies, Escapes, &c. of John

Sheppard 2775John Thurmond from Harlequin Sheppard 2776Charlotte Charke from A Narrative of the Life of Mrs. Charlotte

Charke 2777James Boswell from London Journal 2778 H

R E S P O N S E

Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956): Lyrics from The ThreepennyOpera 2780

WILLIAM HOGARTH 2783A Rake's Progress 2785

1 ^ ^ P E R S P E C T I V E S -!>•«• 'Mind and God 2793

ISAAC NEWTON 2794from Letter to Richard Bentley 2795

JOHN LOCKE 2797from An Essay Concerning Human Understanding 2798

ISAAC WATTS 2802A Prospect of Heaven Makes Death Easy 2803The Hurry of the Spirits, in a Fever and Nervous Disorders 2803

Contents xxix

Against Idleness and Mischief 2805Man Frail, and God Eternal 2805Miracles Attending Israel's Journey 2806

JOSEPH ADDISON 2807Spectator No. 465 2807

GEORGE BERKELEY 2809from Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous 2809

DAVID HUME 2811from A Treatise of Human Nature 2812from An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 2815

CHRISTOPHER SMART 2817from Jubilate Agno 2818

WILLIAM COWPER 2821Light Shining out of Darkness 2822from The Task 282"2The Cast-away 2823

JAMES THOMSON 2825from Winter. A Poem 2826

[Autumn Evening and Night] 2826[Winter Night] 2829 :

from The Seasons 2830. from Autumn 2830

Rule, Britannia 2835

M "THE SEASONS" AND ITS TIME

Poems of Nightfall and Night 2836Edward Young from The Complaint 2836William Collins Ode to Evening 2839 • Ode Occasioned by the Death

of Mr. Thomson 2840William Cowper from The Task 2842 M

THOMAS GRAY 2 8 4 5

LETTERS 2846To Horace Walpole (16 April 1734) 2846To Richard West (December 1736) 2847 ;To Horace Walpole (12 June 1750) 2848To Horace Walpole (11 February 1751) 2849from To Horace Walpole (20 February 1751) 2850

Sonnet on the Death of Mr. Richard West 2850Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College 2850Ode on the Death of a Favorite Cat, Drowned in a

Tub of Gold Fishes 2853Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 2854

xxx Contents

SAMUEL JOHNSON 2 8 5 8

The Vanity of Human Wishes 2861A Short Song of Congratulation 2870On the Death of Dr. Robert Levet 2870

THE RAMBLER 2871No. 4 [On Fiction] 2872No. 5 [On Spring] 2875No. 60 [On Biography] 2878No. 170 [On Misella, a Prostitute] 2880No. 171 [Misella Continues] 2883No. 207 [Beginnings, Middles, and Ends] 2886

THE IDLER 2889No. 31 [On Idleness] 2889No. 32 [On Sleep] 2891No. 84 [On Autobiography] 2892No. 97 [On Travel Writing] 2894A Dictionary of the English Language 2895

from Preface 2896[Some Entries] 2902

from The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia 2910Chapter 8. The History of Imlac 2911

. Chapter 9. The History of Imlac Continued 2912Chapter 10. Imlac's History Continued. A Dissertation upon Poetry 2914Chapter 11. Imlac's Narrative Continued. A Hint on Pilgrimage 2915Chapter 12. The Story of Imlac Continued 2917

from The Plays of William Shakespeare 2919Preface 2919

["Just Representations of General Nature"] 2919. [Faults; The Unities] 2922[Selected Notes on Othello] 2928

Lives of the Poets 2931from The Life of Milton 2931from The Life of Pope 2933

LETTERS 2940To Lord Chesterfield (7 February 1755) 2940To Hester Thrale (19 June 1783) 2941To Hester Thrale Piozzi (2 July 1784) 2943To Hester Thrale Piozzi (8 July 1784) 2943

JAMES BOSWELL 2944from London Journal 2946

[A Scot in London] 2946[Louisa] 2949

Contents xxxi

[First Meeting with Johnson] 2953An Account of My Last Interview with David Hume, Esq. 2954from A Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides with Dr. Samuel Johnson 2957from The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. 2962

[Introduction; Boswell's Method] 2962[Conversations about Hume] 2964[Dinner with Wilkes] 2966[Conversations at Streatham and the Club] 2972

HESTER SALUSBURY THRALE PIOZZI 2977from The Family Book 2978

[On Her Daughter's Progress] 2978[On the Death of Her Son] 2980[On Her Marriage and Household] 2982

from Thraliana 2983[First Entries] 2983 ' • .

OLIVER GOLDSMITH 2987The Deserted Village 2988

tscu RESPONSES

George Crabbe: from The Village 2999George Crabbe: from The Parish Register 3000 «»»

RICHARD BRINSLEY SHERIDAN 3001The School for Scandal 3002

R E S P O N S E

Oscar Wilde (1854-1900): from The Importance of BeingEarnest

PERSPECTIVESNovel Guises 3066

MARY CARLETON 3067from The Case of Madam Mary Carleton 3067

DANIEL DEFOE 3069from The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe 3070from The Fortunate Mistress: or, a History of the Life and Vast Variety of

Fortunes of Mademoiselle de Beleau, Afterwards Called the Countess deWintselsheim, in Germany. Being the Person Known by the Name of theLady Roxana, in the Time of King Charles II 3073

ELIZA HAYWOOD 3081Fantomina: Or, Love in a Maze 3082

SAMUEL RICHARDSON 3099

xxxii Contents

from Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded 3100from Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady 3108from The History of Sir Charles Grandison, Baronet 3109

HENRY FIELDING 3109from An Apology for the Life of Mrs. Shamela Andrews 3110from The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews 3113from The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling 3116

LAURENCE STERNE 3122from The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman 3123

FRANCES BURNEY 3125• from The Early Journals 3125

from Evelina; or, the History of a Young Lady's Entrance into the WorldEvelina to the Reverend Mr. Villars 3128

Letters on Evelinafrom a Letter to Susanna Burney; Streatham, late June 1779 3131from a Letter to Susanna Burney; Bath, 8 June 1780 3132from The Wanderer; or, Female Difficulties 3133

Political and Religious Orders 3137

Money, Weights, and Measures 3143

Literary and Cultural Terms 3145

Bibliographies 3169

Credits 3209

Index 3213