A Brief Look on the Life of Holy Prophet

Hazrat Muhammad PBUH

B irth

Hazrat Muhammad PBUH was born in about Year 570 (20 or 22April) on Monday Morning (9 or 12 Rabi al Awwal

At that Time, Justinian II was the Roman Empero

Europe was in Dark Ages

Born during the reign of a “Just King” meaning Chosreos I , ThePersian Monarch ( Khosru Nusherwan ) who reigned from 531 - 579

In Arab, Born during the “ Year of Elephant Event “( A Failed assault on Makkah by an army Using Elephants by KingAbraha) ( Surah Al-feel , Al- Quran )

Born as Orphan because Abdullah died shortly before his birth

Mira cles a t B irth of Holy P rophet P B UH

The idols fall down in Kabbah including biggest idol “ Hubba “

Hazrat Amna said, there was a light that issued out of my pudendumand lit the palaces of Syria.

The fire in the Magi temple of the Zoroastrians which had been alightfor thousands of years, became quenched for the first time in recordedhistory

Fourteen towers of the Royal palace of Nausherwan, the Emperor ofPersia, broke and fell

Some churches on Lake Sawa sank down and collapsed

Abdul-Muttalib called the baby Muhammad, a name not thencommon among the Arabs.

GenealogyQurais h

Abd-i-Manaf

Ha s him Abdul S hams

Abdul-Muttalib Umayyah

Umayyad Caliphs

Abbas Ha mza Abdullah Abu-Lahab Abu-Talib

MUHAMMAD P B UH Ali

Babyhood The first woman who suckled him after his mother was Thuyebah, the

concubine of Abu Lahab

According to general custom of Arabs, The Prophet PBUH was laterentrusted to Haleemah bint Abi Dhuaib from Bani Saad

Incident of “ Kashf e sadar ” occur, Gabriel ripped his chest and tookout the heart, extracted a blood clot , washed with zamzam water

At the age of 6 years, On the way from Madinah to Makkah, HazratAmna died at Abwa on the road between Makkah and Madinah

When Muhammad (PBUH) was eight years, Abdul-Muttalib passedaway in Makkah

Now Abu Talib took the charge of his nephew

Early Years & Marriage

At the age of 12, Hazrat Muhammad PBUH went with his uncle Abu Talibon a business journey to Syria, they met a monk called Bahria.

He showed great kindness and said "This is the master of all humans”and recognize him also by the seal of Prophet hood which is below

hisshoulder, like an apple.

At his early youth, he worked as a shepherd for Bani Saad in Makkah

At the age of 25, he went to Syria as a merchant for Khadijah, daughter ofKhwailid was a business-woman of great honor and fortune

Prophet Muhammad PBUH married Hazrat Khadija at the age of 25 and shewas of 40 years

Khadijah bore all his children, except Ibrahim: Al-Qasim, Zainab, Ruqaiyah,Umm Kulthum, Fatimah and Abdullah

Rebuilding Al-Kabah and the Arbitration Issue

At the age of 35 , he helped in the rebuilding of Kabbah, andresolved the matter of fitting the Black Stone in the wall of Kabbah

Kaaba Ha ja r e As wa d

Revelation When Prophet Muhammad PBUH was nearly forty, he often visited a

cave named “ Hira” in the Mount An-Nour. It was only two miles fromMakkah

Angel Gabriel bring 1st revelation at cave Hira

“ Recite, in the name of the Allah, who created man from a clot ofblood” ( Sura Alaq )

Muhammad PBUH hurried home and wrapped Himself in cloak. He

told Khadijah what had happened

2nd revelation comes as after a brief pause

‘O you (Muhammad PBUH) enveloped (in cloak)! Arise and warn!

And your Lord (Allah) magnify ! And your garments purify! And keepaway from Ar-Rujz (the idols)!’ " [Al-Qur'an 74:1-5]

S ta g es of the C a ll

The Makkan phase: nearly thirteen years

The Madinese phase: fully ten years

The Makkan phase can be divided into three stages

1. The stage of the secret Call: three years.

2. The stage of the proclamation of the Call in Makkah: from the beginning of thefourth year of Prophethood to almost the end of the tenth year.

3. The stage of the call to Islam and propagating it beyond Makkah: it lasted fromthe end of tenth year of the Prophet hood until Hazrat Muhammad’s (PBUH)emigration to Madinah.

3 Years of S ecret Call

The Prophet (PBUH) initiated his sacred mission right from home

Early Coverts were Hazrat Khadija RA (mother of believers), Hazrat Zaidbin Haris RA (freed slave), Hazrat Ali KW (His cousin) and Hazrat Abu BakarSiddique RA (His friend)

On Mount As-SafaThe Prophet (pbuh) said: If I were to tell you that there were some horsemen inthe valley planning to raid you, will you believe me?" They said: "Yes, we havenever experienced any lie from you." He said: "I am a warner to you before asevere torment." Abu Lahab promptly replied: "Perish you all the day! Have yousummoned us for such a thing?"

The verses were immediately revealed on that occasion"Perish the two hands of Abi Lahab..." [Al-Qur'an 111:1]

Persecutions

Polytheists started harassment under Abu Lahab leadership Starting with flinging stones at him

Forcing his two sons to divorce their wives Ruqaiya and Umm Kulthum, theProphet’s daughters

Gloating over him on his second son’s death calling him ‘the man cut offwith offspring”

Wife of Abu Lahab used to tie bundles of thorns with ropes of twisted palm-leaf fibre and strew them about in the paths which the Prophet (PBUH) wasexpected to take, in order to cause him bodily injury Abu Jahl asked his companions to bring the dirty foetus of a she-camel andplace it on his back during praying at kabbah, Hazrat Fatimah RA, happened topass that way. She removed the filth from her father’s back Hazrat Bilal, the slave of Omaiyah bin Khalaf, was severely beaten by hismaster when the latter came to know of his conversion to Islam

F irs t Mig ra tion to Abys s inia (E thiopia )

King of Abyssinia (Ethiopia), was afair ruler

Permitted some of Prophet’sfollowers to seek asylum thereA group of twelve men and fourwomen (Hazrat Usman RA and hiswife Ruqaiyah) left for Abyssinia

Sixth year of Prophethood, HazratHamza and Hazrat Umar RA acceptedIslamOnce Prophet PBUH raised hishands in prayer and said: "O Allah!Give strength to Islam especiallythrough either of two men you lovemore:‘Umar bin Al-Khattab or Abu

ETHIOPIA Jahl bin Hisham."

General S ocial Boycott

A social Boycott was imposed on Prophet Muhammad PBUHand his followers by Makkans and Confined within a narrow pass(Shi‘b of Abu Talib), from the beginning of Muharram, the seventhyear of Muhammad’s mission till the tenth year, a period of threeyears

They decided not to have any business dealings with them norany sort of inter-marriage .Social relations, visits and even verbalcontacts with Muhammad (PBUH) and his supporters

The supply of food was almost stopped They had to eat leaves of trees and skins of animals

Cries of little children suffering from hunger used to be heardclearly

The Year of Grief

In The tenth year of the Prophethood, Abu Talib fell ill and passed away

Only two months after the death of his uncle, the Messenger of Allâh (PBUH)experience another great personal loss , the Mother of believers, his wifeKhadijah passed away in Ramadan

These two painful events took place within a short lapse of time and added alot to his grief and suffering.

The death of Khadijah left the Prophet (PBUH) lonely. The name of Sawdahwas suggested to him for marriage which he accepted.

This lady had suffered many hardships for the sake of Islam. She was an earlyconvert to the Islamic Faith and it was by her persuasion that her husband hadembraced Islam.

3rd Phas e of Call in Makkah

The Prophet (PBUH) set out towards At-Ta’if, about 60 KM from Makkah,with his freed slave Zaid bin Haris inviting people to Islam For ten days he stayed there delivering his message to several people, oneafter another, but all to no purpose

People hooted him through the alley-ways, pelted him with stones andobliged him to flee from the city pursued by a relentless rabble

Blood flowed down both his legs; and Zaid, endeavouring to shield him, waswounded in the head Angel Gabriel together with angel of mountains came and asked for to burybetween, the two mountains flanking Prophet PBUH Replied I would rather have someone from their loins whowill worship Allâh, the All-Mighty During Return at Wadi Nakhlah, Allah sent him a company of Jinns wholistened to him reciting the Quran

Al-Is ra a nd Al-Mira j

The Miraculous Night Journey from Makkah to the FarthestMosque in Jerusalem, and the Ascent through the Spheres ofHeavens)

1st Trip from Makkah to Jerusalem on Al-Buraq in thecompany of Gabriel

Led the Prophets in prayer at Bait ul MaqdasGabriel took him to the heavens on the same horse and met withdifferent Prophets like Hazrat Adam AS, Hazrat Essa AS, HazartYousaf AS, Hazrat Idrees As, Hazrat Haroon AS, Hazart Moosa Asand Hazrat Ibraheem AS

Then he was carried to Sidrat- al-Muntaha (the remotest lotustree) and Al- Bait- al-Mamur

Gift of 5 Prayers and 1 month Fasting

Mig ra tion towa rds Ma dina h

Devilish plan of Quraish to killMadinah Prophet PBUH

"And (remember) when thedisbelievers plotted against you (O

Muhammad PBUh to imprison you, orto kill you, or to get you out (fromyour home, i.e. Makkah); they wereplotting and Allâh too was planning,and Allâh is the Best of the planners."(Al-Qur'an 8:30)

MakkahThe Prophet PBUH had thus left hishouse on Safar 27th, the 14th year ofProphethood, i.e. 12/13 September 622A.D

… Mig ra tion towa rds Ma dina h

Prophet PBUH told ‘ Hazrat Ali KW to sleep in his bed and cover himself withhis green mantle

The Prophet PBUH then came out of the room and cast a handful of dust at theassassins and proceeded direct to the house of Hazrat Abu Bakar

"And We have put a barrier before them, and a barrier behind them, and We havecovered them up, so that they cannot see." (Al-Qur'an 36:9)

Stayed at cave Thawr for 3 days

Reached Madinah at 12 Rabi u awal , Though not wealthy, every Ansar (Helper)was wholeheartedly eager and anxious to receive the Messenger in his house

Prophet PBUH stayed at, Abu Ayyub Al-Ansari home, The fortunate host

This event begins the Muslim calendar AH 1

A New S ociety being Built

The first task was the construction of a Mosque at Madinah Prophet PBUH cemented the ties of mutual brotherhoodamongst the Muslims of Madinah, Al-Ansar (the Helpers) and Al-Muhajirun (the Emigrants)

A Cooperation and Non-Aggression Pact with the Jews The Battle of Badar (The First Decisive Battle in the History ofIslam) was fought at Ramadan 17th 2 AHA small Muslim force defeated the much larger Meccan army(313 Muslims with 1000 Quraish)

The Battle of Uhud & Al-Ahzab

The Battle of Uhud was fought on 3rd Shawwal 3 AH at the valley located infront of Mount Uhud The Archers’ Fatal Mistake leads to Prophet SAW ‘s 3 tooth broken and Hislower lip was wounded

Shahadat of Hazrat Hamza Hazrat Owais Qarni RA Broke all his teeth in Love towards Prophet SAW The battle of the Trench took place in the 5th year Hijri The siege of Madinah started in Shawwal and it lasted for over a month It was in fact a battle of nerves rather than of losses The Messenger of Allâh (pbuh) on his part invoked Allâh’s wrath on theConfederates supplicating:

"Oh, Allâh! You are quick in account, You are the sender of the Book, webeseech You to defeat the confederates." (Sahih Al-Bukhari)

Al-Huda ibiya h Trea ty

In 6th Hijri, the Prophet (pbuh) saw in a dream, while he was still in Madinah,that he had entered the sacred sanctuary in Makkah in security with his followers,and was performing the ceremonies of ‘Umrah”

The Prophet (pbuh) marched out towards Makkah at the head of fifteenhundred Muslims but they were blocked by Quraish and settle a treaty

The clauses of the said treaty go as follows:

1. The Muslims shall return this time and come back next year, but they shall notstay in Makkah for more than three days.2. They shall not come back armed but can bring with them swords only sheathedin scabbards and these shall be kept in bags.3. War activities shall be suspended for ten years, during which both parties willlive in full security and neither will raise sword against the other.

… Al-Huda ibiya h Trea ty

4. If anyone from Quraish goes over to Muhammad (pbuh_ without hisguardian’s permission, he should be sent back to Quraish, but should anyof Muhammad’s followers return to Quraish, he shall not be sent back.

5. Whosoever wishes to join Muhammad (pbuh), or enter into treaty withhim, should have the liberty to do so; and likewise whosoever wishes tojoin Quraish, or enter into treaty with them

Allah was well pleased with the believers when they were pledging allegianceto you under the tree, and He knew what was in their hearts, so He sent downTranquility upon them, and rewarded them with a near victory and many spoilsto take; and Allah is ever Mighty, Wise. (Quran 48: 18-19)

S pread the Mes s age of Is lam beyond Arabia

1. A letter to Negus, king of Abyssinia (Ethiopia)2. Letter to the Vicegerent of Egypt, called Muqawqas

3. A Letter to Chosroes, Emperor of Persia4. The Envoy to Caesar, King of Rome

5. A Letter to Mundhir bin Sawa, Governor of Bahrain6. A Letter to Haudha bin ‘Ali, Governor of Yamama

7. A Letter to Harith bin Abi Shamir Al-Ghassani, King of Damascus8. A Letter to the King of ‘Oman, Jaifer, and his Brother ‘Abd Al-Jalandi

The Conques t of Khaibar

The Conquest of Khyber was done in Moharram 7th AH

Khyber, seventy miles north-east of Madinah, was a Jewish colony with citadelsand was the headquarters of the Jewish garrison.

The Messenger of Allah wanted to be secure on that front because the Jewsspent much of their wealth on stirring up the neighboring Arab tribes to wage waragainst the Muslims.

The Jews defended well against the Muslims but Ali ibn Abi Talib eventuallycrushed them. The Messenger of Allah had said, 'Let the standard be taken by aman who loves Allah and His Messenger and he will conquer this fort.'

The Messenger of Allah called Ali ibn Abi Talib, whose eyes were inflamedand applied spittle to his eyes while praying for his success. Ali's eyes were sooncured and he received the standard. He said, 'I will fight them until they are likeus.'

The Conques t of Makkah

The Peace Treaty of Hudaybiyyah was broken

The Messenger of Allah asked the Muslims to start preparing for going to Makkah

Abu Sufyan ibn Harb accepts Islam

The Messenger of Allah declared ”Whoever enters the house of Abu Sufyan is safe.Whoever locks his door is safe. Whoever enters the Masjid (Place of Worship)is safe.”

On the morning of Friday, 20 Ramadan, 8 A.H., the Messenger of Allah entered Makkahwith his head bowed

In the honor of the conquest Allah had bestowed, Prophet felt so humble before Allahthat his chin almost touched the back of his camel.

Prophet SAW raised the standard of justice, equality, and humility

Prophet SAW removed 360 idols with stick from Kaabah

The Invas ion of Tabuk The Tabuk expedition took place in Rajab, 9 A.H

The Messenger of Allah set out for Tabuk with 30,000 men from Madinah When the Messenger of Allah reached Tabuk, the Arab amirs on the holderscalled on him and made treaties of peace.

They also paid to him the jizyah tax. Nobody stayed behind except those who were either hindered by a serious

excuse or the hypocrites who told lies to Allâh and His Messenger. Consequently (Ka‘b bin Malik, Murara bin Ar- Rabi‘, and Hilal bin Omaiyah)were subject to a severe boycott and were excluded from the life of thecommunity

Allah has turned towards the Prophet and the Muhajirin and the Ansar who followedhim in the hour of difficulty, after the hearts of a party of them almost swerved aside; thenHe turned towards them; surely He is Gentle to them, and he turned to the three whoremained behind, until, when the earth became straitened for them, for all its breadth, andtheir souls became straitened for them, and they thought that there was no shelter fromAllah except in Him, then He turned towards them, that they might also turn; surely Allahturns, and is Compassionate. (Quran 9: 117-118)

The Farewell Pilgrimage

After the accomplishment and completion of message , Prophet SAWperformed his 1st hajj

Prophet SAW delivered a meaningful sermon in Mina where ahundred thousand and twenty- four or forty-four thousand peoplegathered round him.

The Messenger of Allah sacrificed sixty-three camels, with his hands,and asked ‘ Hazrat Ali to slaughter the others, a hundred and thirty-seven altogether

Today I have perfected your religion for you, and I have completedMy blessing on you, and I have approved Islam for your religion.‘(Quran 5: 3)

The Farewell S ermon

" O people! Listen to what I say. I do not know whether I will ever meet you atthis place once again after this current year. It is unlawful for you to shed theblood of one another or take (unlawfully) the fortunes of one another. They are asunlawful, (Haram) as shedding blood on such a day as today and in such a monthas this Haram month and in such a sanctified city as this sacred city (i.e. Makkahand the surrounding areas).“

"Verily, I have left amongst you the Book of Allâh and the Sunnah(Traditions) of His Messenger which if you hold fast, you shall never go astray.“

“All mankind is from Adam and Eve, an Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab nor a non-Arab has any superiority over an Arab; also a white has nosuperiority over black nor a black has any superiority over white except by pietyand good action.

“All those who listen to me shall pass on my words to others and those toothers again; and may the last ones understand my words better than those wholisten to me directly.

The Journey to Allâh, the S ublime

On Monday the 29th of Safar 11 AH, Prophet SAW had a headache, histemperature rose so high that the heat effect could be felt over his headband.

Total number of his sick days were either thirteen or fourteen

Prophet SAW said, "The curse of Allâh falls upon the Jews and Christians forthey have made their Prophets’ tombs places of worship.“

On Sunday, a day before he died, the Prophet (pbuh) set his slaves free, paid asa charity the seven Dinars he owned and gave his weapons as a present to theMuslims.

"There is no god but Allâh. Death is full of agonies

This event took place at high morning time on Monday, 12th of Rabi‘ Al-Awwal, in the 11 AH. He was sixty-three years and four days old when he died.

Abu Bakar said: "I heard the Messenger of Allâh (pbuh) say: ‘A dead Prophet isburied where he dies.’

The Prophet S AW ‘s Wives

1. Khadijah Bint Khuwailid2. Sawdah bint Zama

3. Aishah bint Abu Bakar4. Hafsah bint ‘Umar bin Al-Khattab

5. Zainab bint Khuzaimah6. Umm Salamah Hind bint Abi Omaiyah

7. Zainab bint Jahsh bin Riyab8. Juwairiyah bint Al-Harith

9. Umm Habibah10. Safiyah bint Huyai bin Akhtab

11. Maimunah bint Al- Harith

Appearance & Dres s

Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was of a height a little above theaverage.

He was fair of complexion and altogether very handsomeHis dress generally consisted of a shirt, tamad (trousers), a sheetthrown round the shoulders and a turban

His blanket had several patches (Tirmidhi) He had very few spare clothes, but he kept them spotlessly clean(Bukhari) He did not speak unnecessarily and what he said was always tothe point and without any padding At times he would make his meaning clear by slowly repeatingwhat he had said

His laugh was mostly a smile He kept his feelings under firm control

Hous e & B elong ing s

His house was but a hut with walls of unbaked clay and athatched roof of palm leaves covered by camel skin. It contained

a rope cot,a pillow stuffed with palm leaves ,

the skin of some animal spread on the floor and a waterbag of leather

and some weapons

These were all his earthly belongings, besidesa camel,

a horse,an ass and

some land which he had acquired in the later part of his life(Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawood)

Extremely Humble

Though virtual king of Arabia and an apostle of Allah, he neverassumed an air of superiority.

He used to invite people be they slaves, servants or the poorestbelievers, to take with him of his scanty meals. (Tirmidhi)

He did not like people to get up for him and used to say, "Let himwho likes people to stand up in his honor, he should seek a place inhell." (Abu Dawud)

His wife A'isha (ra) said, "He always joined in household workand would at times mend his clothes, repair his shoes and sweep thefloor. He would milk, tether, and feed his animals and do thehousehold shopping." (Sahih Bukhari)

Behavior & Character

By nature he was gentle and kind-hearted, always inclined to begracious and to overlook the faults of others.

Politeness and courtesy,compassion and tenderness,simplicity and humility,sympathy and sincerity

were some of the keynotes of his character

About himself the Prophet (pbuh) said “Allah has sent me as anapostle so that I may demonstrate perfection of character, refinementof manners and loftiness of deportment." (Malik)

Questions, Comments & Suggestions !!!

www.innerlightforall.com

innerlightforall@gmail.com