The Legacy of Greco-The Legacy of Greco-Roman CivilizationRoman Civilization

Rome became a legacyRome became a legacy

ArtArt ArchitectureArchitecture LanguageLanguage LiteratureLiterature EngineeringEngineering LawLaw

Greek influenceGreek influence

By the 2By the 2ndnd century, century, Rome conquered Greece and admired the Rome conquered Greece and admired the

Greek culture. Greek culture. Educated Romans learned the Greek Educated Romans learned the Greek

language. language. The two cultures mixed into what became The two cultures mixed into what became

known as Greco-Roman culture, also known known as Greco-Roman culture, also known as classical civilization. as classical civilization.

Roman ArtRoman Art

Learned the art of sculpture from the GreeksLearned the art of sculpture from the Greeks– Greeks were known for beauty and idealization Greeks were known for beauty and idealization

of their sculptureof their sculpture– Romans created realistic portraits in stoneRomans created realistic portraits in stone

Roman art was practical Roman art was practical Intended for public educationIntended for public education

Bas-ReliefBas-Relief

Bas-Relief artwork developed during the Bas-Relief artwork developed during the reign of Augustus. reign of Augustus.

Artwork that projects images from a flat Artwork that projects images from a flat background.background. These images tell stories and These images tell stories and represent crowds of people, soldiers in represent crowds of people, soldiers in battle, and landscapes. battle, and landscapes.

Bas-Relief Roman ArtBas-Relief Roman Art

MosaicsMosaics

Pictures or designs made by small pieces of Pictures or designs made by small pieces of stone, glass, or tile onto a surface.stone, glass, or tile onto a surface.

Most Roman villas, the country houses of Most Roman villas, the country houses of the wealthy, had at least one colored the wealthy, had at least one colored mosaic. mosaic.

Having mosaics demonstrated wealth and Having mosaics demonstrated wealth and importance, especially mosaics built into the importance, especially mosaics built into the floors. floors.

Roman Mosaic ArtRoman Mosaic Art

Used scenes of everyday lifeUsed scenes of everyday life

PaintingsPaintings Romans also excelled in paintings. Romans also excelled in paintings. Most wealthy Romans had bright, Most wealthy Romans had bright, large murals, large murals,

called frescoes, painted directly on their walls.called frescoes, painted directly on their walls. The best examples are those found in the Roman The best examples are those found in the Roman

city, Pompeii, and date back to the 2city, Pompeii, and date back to the 2ndnd century. century. Mount Vesuvius erupted, covering Pompeii with a Mount Vesuvius erupted, covering Pompeii with a

thick layer of ash and killed 2,000 people.thick layer of ash and killed 2,000 people. This ash preserved the artwork. This ash preserved the artwork. http://www.youtube.com/user/historyteachers#p/u/http://www.youtube.com/user/historyteachers#p/u/

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Mount VesuviusMount Vesuvius

Mount Vesuvius EruptionMount Vesuvius Eruption

Mount Vesuvius is most Mount Vesuvius is most known for its eruption in 79 known for its eruption in 79 AD, which led to the AD, which led to the destruction of Pompeii and destruction of Pompeii and Herculaneum. Herculaneum.

The cities were never The cities were never rebuiltrebuilt

The towns were forgotten The towns were forgotten and rediscovered in the and rediscovered in the 1818thth century. century.

19441944

It has erupted at least It has erupted at least 50 times since then, 50 times since then, 1944 being the last.1944 being the last.

This is a picture of an This is a picture of an American B-25 during American B-25 during WWII. WWII.

The crew member is The crew member is sweeping the ashes off sweeping the ashes off its wings. its wings.

Ruins of PompeiiRuins of Pompeii

Notice Vesuvius in the backgroundNotice Vesuvius in the background

Skeleton called the Skeleton called the Ring Lady found in Ring Lady found in HerculaneumHerculaneum

Back to the artwork!Back to the artwork!

Frescoes and muralsFrescoes and murals Roman Bath muralRoman Bath mural

Fresco in PompeiiFresco in Pompeii

PhilosophyPhilosophy

Romans borrowed Stoicism from the Romans borrowed Stoicism from the Greeks. Greeks. – Stoicism came from the Greek teacher, Zeno.Stoicism came from the Greek teacher, Zeno.

Stoicism encouraged virtue, duty, Stoicism encouraged virtue, duty, moderation, and endurance.moderation, and endurance.

Marcus Aurelius was a noted stoic. Marcus Aurelius was a noted stoic.

LiteratureLiterature

Writers used Roman Writers used Roman themes and ideas while themes and ideas while following Greek forms and following Greek forms and models. models.

The poet, The poet, Virgil, spent 10 Virgil, spent 10 years writingyears writing the most the most famous workfamous work of Latin of Latin literature, literature, AeneidAeneid,, the epic the epic of legendary Aeneas.of legendary Aeneas.

It was modeled after the It was modeled after the Greek epics of Homer. Greek epics of Homer.

OvidOvid

The poet Ovid wrote The poet Ovid wrote light, witty poetrylight, witty poetry for for enjoyment. enjoyment.

In the In the AmoresAmores, Ovid , Ovid relates that he can relates that he can only compose when he only compose when he is in love. is in love.

LivyLivy

Completed Completed a volume history of Romea volume history of Rome from from its origins to 9 B.C. its origins to 9 B.C.

He He used legends and myth more than a used legends and myth more than a true history. true history.

TacitusTacitus

Ancient Roman historian Ancient Roman historian Notable because he Notable because he presented the facts presented the facts

accurately.accurately. Showed concern for Rome’s lack of morality. Showed concern for Rome’s lack of morality. In his In his AnnalsAnnals and and HistoriesHistories, he wrote , he wrote

about the good and bad of Imperial Rome. about the good and bad of Imperial Rome.

TacitusTacitus

Roman AchievementsRoman Achievements

Latin, the Language of RomeLatin, the Language of Rome Architecture, Engineering, and TechnologyArchitecture, Engineering, and Technology Roman System of LawRoman System of Law

LanguageLanguage

Latin remained the language of learning in the Latin remained the language of learning in the West long after the fall of Rome. West long after the fall of Rome.

It was the official language of the Roman Catholic It was the official language of the Roman Catholic Church into the 20Church into the 20thth century. century.

Latin became the foundation for French, Spanish, Latin became the foundation for French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian. Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian.

These languages are called the Romance These languages are called the Romance languages because of their ‘Roman’ heritage.languages because of their ‘Roman’ heritage.

More than half of the words in the English More than half of the words in the English language are Latin based. language are Latin based.

For exampleFor example

Baptism - EnglishBaptism - English Bapteme – FrenchBapteme – French Bautismo – SpanishBautismo – Spanish Batismo – PortugueseBatismo – Portuguese Battesimo – ItalianBattesimo – Italian Botez – RomanianBotez – Romanian

Debt slip written in Debt slip written in Latin used during the Latin used during the Greco-Roman timesGreco-Roman times

Roman ArchitectureRoman Architecture

Arches, domes, and concreteArches, domes, and concrete were were combined to build spectacular structures like combined to build spectacular structures like the Roman Colosseum.the Roman Colosseum.

Arches also supported bridges and Arches also supported bridges and aqueducts. aqueducts.

Many Many large public buildings in the US large public buildings in the US include Roman architectural featuresinclude Roman architectural features, like , like arches and columns. arches and columns.

AqueductsAqueducts

Designed by roman engineers to bring water Designed by roman engineers to bring water into cities and towns. into cities and towns.

When the water spanned across a river, the When the water spanned across a river, the aqueduct was lifted high up on arches. aqueduct was lifted high up on arches.

TechnologyTechnology

Besides the aqueducts, roads were also Besides the aqueducts, roads were also technological marvels. technological marvels.

The army built a vast network of roads The army built a vast network of roads constructed of stone, concrete, and sand constructed of stone, concrete, and sand that connected Rome to all parts of the that connected Rome to all parts of the empire. empire.

Many lasted into the Middle Ages.Many lasted into the Middle Ages. Some roads are still used. Some roads are still used.

LawLaw

Rome’s most lasting and widespread Rome’s most lasting and widespread contribution. contribution.

Believed that the law should be fair and Believed that the law should be fair and apply equally to all people, rich and poor. apply equally to all people, rich and poor.

Principles of Roman lawPrinciples of Roman law

All persons had the right to equal treatment under All persons had the right to equal treatment under the law. the law.

A person was considered innocent until proven A person was considered innocent until proven guilty.guilty.

The burden of proof rested with the accuser rather The burden of proof rested with the accuser rather than the accused. than the accused.

A person should be punished only for actions, not A person should be punished only for actions, not thoughts.thoughts.

Any law that seemed unreasonable could be set Any law that seemed unreasonable could be set aside. aside.

These principles formed the basis of legal These principles formed the basis of legal systems in many European countries and in systems in many European countries and in the United States. the United States.

ImmortalImmortal

Some people say that Rome is immortal Some people say that Rome is immortal because Rome lived forever through its because Rome lived forever through its influence in architecture, art, law, literature, influence in architecture, art, law, literature, language, and philosophy. language, and philosophy.

Almost everywhere we look we can find Almost everywhere we look we can find something that can be traced back to the something that can be traced back to the ancient Roman empire. ancient Roman empire.