CRADLES OF CIVILIZATION What is a civilization? What makes up a civilization?

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CRADLES OF CIVILIZATION What is a civilization? What makes up a civilization?

Transcript of CRADLES OF CIVILIZATION What is a civilization? What makes up a civilization?

Page 1: CRADLES OF CIVILIZATION What is a civilization? What makes up a civilization?

CRADLES OF CIVILIZATION

What is a civilization? What makes up a civilization?

Page 2: CRADLES OF CIVILIZATION What is a civilization? What makes up a civilization?

WHAT IS A CIVILIZATION?

A civilization is the process by which a society or place reaches an advanced stage of development and organization

Page 3: CRADLES OF CIVILIZATION What is a civilization? What makes up a civilization?

CHARACTERISTICS OF A CIVILIZATION

Means of subsistence/agricultural surplus Farming, livestock, lodging, etc.

GovernmentLaw code, leadership, citizenry

Page 4: CRADLES OF CIVILIZATION What is a civilization? What makes up a civilization?

CHARACTERISTICS OF A CIVILIZATION

Written language and records

Job SpecializationDivision of labor, people assume different roles and address different needs

Cuneiform Hieroglyphics

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CHARACTERISTICS OF A CIVILIZATION

Social ClassesOften based on wealth, race/ethnicity and/or education

EconomicsTrading and bartering, monetary exchanges

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CHARACTERISTICS OF A CIVILIZATION

Education/TechnologyAcademic or trade specific

Religion/SpiritualityEither formal established religion or moral/ethical teachings

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WHERE DID CIVILIZATIONS BEGIN?

Civilizations first began along river valleys between 3500-500 BCE

The earliest civilizations developed in Africa, Mesopotamia and Asia

In Mesopotamia civilizations popped up along the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers

In Africa we find the Egyptians who developed along the Nile River Delta

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WHERE DID CIVILIZATIONS BEGIN?

In India civilizations developed along the Indus and Ganges Rivers

In China civilizations first developed along the Huang He (or Yellow River)

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Page 10: CRADLES OF CIVILIZATION What is a civilization? What makes up a civilization?

Meso: Euphrates and Tigris

China: Huang He

India: Indus and Ganges River

Egypt: Nile River

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Egypt Nile River

Meso: Euphrates and Tigris

Rivers

India: Indus and Ganges

River

China: Huang He

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SOCIAL PATTERNS OF THE EARLIEST CIVILIZATIONS

Jobs and positions of power were often hereditary

People were born into royalty, thus they had hereditary rulers I.E. Dynasties, Pharaohs, Kings, etc.

There were rigid (strict) class systems People were born into social classes Slavery was practiced but it was often not based on race or ethnicity

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POLITICAL PATTERNS OF THE EARLIEST CIVILIZATIONS

Early civilizations had written laws, which were often drafted by the ruler(s) or the religious hierarchy Examples include Hammurabi’s Code (the oldest known law code) and the Ten Commandments (law code of the Hebrews)

There were centralized government which was often based on a religious authority Most rulers were viewed either as divine, demi-gods or mediums to the gods

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ECONOMIC PATTERNS OF THE EARLIEST CIVILIZATIONS

Built, used, traded and sold metal tools and weapons

Agricultural Surplus led the selling and trading of crops and livestock Due to the advancements in tools, irrigation and slavery

Trade by rivers and seas

Development of cities and markets