The Key to Success in KBC - Part 15 - English Grammar, Groceries, Gold Etc.
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Transcript of The Key to Success in KBC - Part 15 - English Grammar, Groceries, Gold Etc.
2013
Vipin K. Bansal
[Type the company name]
3/18/2013
THE KEY TO SUCCESS IN KBC – PART 15 –
ENGLISH GRAMMAR, GROCERIES, GOLD etc.
Table of Contents
Acknowledgement .................................................................................................................................... 3
Preface ........................................................................................................................................................ 4
Grocery Items ............................................................................................................................................... 5
Vegetables ................................................................................................................................................ 5
Spices ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
Dry Fruits .................................................................................................................................................. 6
Fruits ......................................................................................................................................................... 6
Provisions ................................................................................................................................................. 7
English Grammar .......................................................................................................................................... 7
Homophones ............................................................................................................................................ 7
Synonyms ................................................................................................................................................. 8
Antonyms ................................................................................................................................................. 8
One Word Substitute ................................................................................................................................ 9
Idioms and Phrases ................................................................................................................................. 10
Clipped or Shortened Words .................................................................................................................. 11
Typical words in Pronunciation .............................................................................................................. 12
Domestic Items ........................................................................................................................................... 12
Stock Market and Indices ........................................................................................................................... 13
BSE/NSE .................................................................................................................................................. 13
Sensex 30 Listed Companies................................................................................................................... 13
STT, Dividend, Margin Money ................................................................................................................ 14
Major Up and Downs of Sensex ............................................................................................................. 15
Fall of Sensex was recorded on a single day .......................................................................................... 15
Indices of other Countries ...................................................................................................................... 16
G o l d .......................................................................................................................................................... 16
Top 20 Gold Reserve Countries .............................................................................................................. 17
History of Gold Prices ............................................................................................................................. 17
Branded Jewellery in Indian Market ....................................................................................................... 17
Parts of the Building and House ................................................................................................................. 18
Love Icons of History .................................................................................................................................. 18
Mathematical Functions ........................................................................................................................ 20
Formula for divisible by any digit .................................................................................................. 20
Conversions ............................................................................................................................................ 21
(*) Paper Sizes ........................................................................................................................................ 22
Measurement of all Paper sizes ...................................................................................................... 22
Number Count in advance language .............................................................................................. 23
Metrication in India ................................................................................................................................ 23
Questions Related to this Chapter ....................................................................................................... 24
Scoring System ........................................................................................................................................ 26
Bibliography: ........................................................................................................................................... 27
Thank You! ............................................................................................................................................. 27
Acknowledgement
Preface
As I mentioned in the previous parts that the idea of this book came to
my mind after reviewing so many competitive examinations in
examination halls or through Media and many people drop out
without any success. I think most of the time the reason was either not
enough preparation or lack of resources to enhance the knowledge
required to compete with others.
That’s why I started writing this book on various subjects so that it can
offer the basic guidance to the people preparing for the competition.
Nonetheless everyone can get benefitted with this set of books because
“Ignorance is the curse of God, Knowledge is the wing wherewith we fly
to heaven.”
The Key to Success has been written for the people trying to prepare
for any competition. Therefore the scope of this book is not to deep dive
on any subject rather swim across various layers but what one need to
qualify. However, this book cannot be used to gain exhaustive
knowledge on any given subject but it provides enough information
that you can easily remember and be better prepared for anything.
As usual, at the end of the book, a multi-choice Questionnaire is given
that has only one correct answer. Try to attempt those questions on
your own and then check the correct answers from the Answer Sheet.
Good Luck !!!
Grocery Items
Vegetables
Name of the Vegetable
fg Unh uke
Beans Lske
Bitter Gourd d js yk
Bottle Gourd Rksk j bZ
Brinjal cSa x u
Broad Beans Ckak d Mk Cabbage Cakn xksHkh
Capsicum f’keyk fepZ
Carrot Xkk t j
Cauli Flower Xksk Hkh
Colocasia vjch
Cucumber [khjk] ddMh
French Beans Qyh
Garlic Ykglqu
Jack Tender dVgy
Lady Fingur vksdjk] fHk.Mh
Lemon uh cw
Carissa djkSank
Lettuce lykn iRrk
Luffa ykSdh
Mint iqnhuk
Onion I;kt
Peas eVj
Permer ijoy
Potato vk yw
Pumpkin dk’khQy
Raddish ew yh
Spinach ik y d
Sugar Beet Pqk dUn j
Sweet Potato ’kdjdanh
Tamarind beyh
Tomato VekVj
Turnip ’kyte
Yam ftehdUn
Apple Gourd fVUMk
Curry Leaves djh iRrk
Dill lks;k
Coriander gjk /kfu;k
Ginger vnj[k
Goose Berry, Nellikai
vkaoyk
Green Chilly gjh fepZ
Spices
Name of Spice fgUnh ‘kCn
Fenu Greek eSFkh
Sesame Seed fr y
Mustard ljlksa] jkbZ
Poppy Seed [kl[kl
Nigella Seed dykSath
Dried Ginger lkSaB
Chilli fe pZ
Fennel, Ani Seed lkSaQ
Asofoetida gha x
Alkanet Root jru tksr
Black Cardamom CkMh byk;ph
Black Mustard jkbZ
Black Pepper dkyh fepZ
Black Salt dkyk ued
Cardamom NksVh byk;ph
Citric Acid VkVjh
Cloves ykSax
Coriander Powder /kfu;k ikmMj
Fenugreek Seed dLrwjh eSFkh
Saffron dslj
Salt ued
Sodium Bi Carbonate
[kkuk lksMk
Turmeric Powder gYnh
Raw Mango Powdr [kVkbZ
Bay Leaf rst iRrk
Cinnamon nky phuh
Cumin Seed th jk
Mace tkfo=h
Nutmeg Tkk;Qy
Gingelly fry
Dry Fruits
Name of Dry Fruit fgUnh ‘kCn
Almond Ckknke
Cashew Nut dk tw
Currant fd’kfe’k
Date [ktwj
Euruly Forex e[kkuk
Pinusgerdiana fpyxkstk
Pistachio fiLrk
Prunes, Raisin equDdk
Saffron dslj
WalNut v[kjksV
Fig vathj
Charoli fpjkSaath
Loquat y[kkSV
Cantaloupe Seed [kjcwtk cht
Fruits
Name of Fruit fgUnh ‘kCn
Apple lsc
Apricot [kqckuh
Banana ds yk
Black Berry Tkkequ
Cherry pSjh
Custard Apple ’kjhQk
Fig vathj
Grapes vaxwj
Guava ve:n
Litchy yhph
Mango vk e
Mosambi ekSlEch
Plum, Jujube vkywph] csj
Pome Granate vukj
Sapodela, Sapota phdw
Mul Berry ’kgrwr
Musk Melon [kjcwtk
Orange larjk
Papaya Ikihrk
Peach vkMw
Pear uk’kikrh
Pine Apple vuUukl
Water Melon rjcwtk
Water Nut fla?kkMk
Grewia Qkylk
Kiwi dh oh
Coconut Ukkfj;y
Rus Berry jl Hkjh
Jambul Tkkequ
Provisions
Name of Grocery fgUnh ‘kCn
Basmati Rice Pkkoy
Bengal Gram nky puk
Black Eyed Beans yksfc;k
Black Gram nky mMn
Buck Wheat dwVw
Chick Peas ns’kh puk
Corn eDdk
Pigeon Peas nky vjgj
Red Lentil nky elwM
Rice Flake Ikksgk
Gram Flour Csklu
Green Gram nky ewax
Jaggery xqM
Kidney Beans jktek
Maize Ckktjk
Peanut ewaxQyh
Porridge nfy;k
Refined Flour eSnk
Semolina lwth
Sugar phuh
Tea Pkk;
Vinegar fljdk
Wheat Flour vkVk
Turkish Gram ekSaB
Sorghum Tokj
English Grammar
Homophones
A homophone is a word that is pronounced the same as another word
but differs in meaning. The words may be spelled the same.
English Word fgUnh vFkZ
Homo Word fgUnh vFkZ
ACCEDE Lohdk;Z EXCEED vf/kd gksuk
ACCEPT Lohdkj
djuk EXCEPT flok;
ACCESS igqap EXCESS vf/kdrk
ADVICE lykg ADVISE lykg nsuk
ALTAR osnh ALTER cnyuk
ARTIST dykdkj ARTISTE Isk’ksoj
dykdkj
ASCENT p<kbZ ASSENT Lohd`fr
BALE xkaB BAIL tekur
BERTH lksus dk
LFkku BIRTH tUe
CANVAS fdjfep CANVASS oksV ekaxuk
CHECK Ns[kuk CHEQUE cSad dk pSd
CHORD ok| ;a= dk
rkj CORD Mksjh
COARSE ?kfV;k]
eksVk COURSE ikB~;dze
CONFIDANT fo’okl ik= CONFIDENT fo’oLr
COUNCIL ifj”kn~ COUNSEL lykg
DAIRY nqX/k ’kkyk DIARY Mk;jh
DEAR fiz; DEER fgju
DESCENT uhps dks
mrjuk DISSENT vlger gksuk
DIE ejuk DYE jaxuk
DIFFERENCE
vUrj DEFERENCE vknj
DRAUGHT ?kwaV DROUGHT lw[kk
DUAL nksgjk DUEL }Un
EFFECT izHkko AFFECT izHkko Mkyuk
ELIGIBLE pquk tkus
;ksX; ILLEGIBLE viBuh;
EXPANSE foLrkj EXPENSE [kpZ
FARE fdjk;k FAIR esyk
FEET iSj FEAT cgknqjh dk
dk;Z
FLEA fiLlw FLEE Hkkxuk
HUMAN ekuo HUMANE n;kyq
IDOL ewfrZ IDLE vkylh
INSIGHT lw{e n`f”V INCITE mdlkuk
JEALOUS bZ”;kZyw ZEALOUS mRlkgh
LESSON ik B LESSEN de djuk
LOSE [kksuk LOOSE <hyk
MARRY ‘kknh djuk MERRY izlUu
METRE ukius dk
ehVj METER ehVj ;a=
PEACE ‘kkfUr PIECE VqdMk
PLAIN lknk PLANE Okk;q;ku
PRAY izkFkZuk
djuk PREY f’kdkj
PRINCIPAL iz/kkukpk;Z PRINCIPLE fl)kUr
QUIET ’kkUr
QUITE fcydqy
RAISE mBkuk RAGE dzks/k
REIN yxke REIGN ’kklu
RIGHT Lkgh RITE laLdkj
ROOT tM ROUTE jkLrk
SAIL leqnz esa
[ksuk SALE fcdzh
SIEGE ?ks jk SEIZE tCr djuk
SITE fLFk fr SIGHT vka[kksa dh
T;ksfr
SOAR mMuk SOUR [kV~Vk
SOUL vkRek SOLE vdsyk] twrk
ryk
STATIONARY fLFk j STATIONERY Ysk[ku lkexzh
STORY dgkuh STOREY Eafty
SUIT lqfo/kk esa
gksuk SUITE dejksa dk lSV
TALE dgkuh TAIL iwaaN
TEEM Hkjk gksuk TEAM n y
UMPIRE fu.kkZ;d EMPIRE lkezkT;
URBAN ’kgjh URBANE lH;
VALE ?kkVh WAIL jksuk
WASTE csdkj djuk WAIST d e j
WAVE Ykgj WAIVE vf/kdkj
NksMuk
WEEK lIrkg WEAK detksj
Synonyms
Synonyms are words with the same or similar meanings.
W O R D S Y N O N Y M
Amenities Courtesies
Abandon Discontinue
Distinguish Differentiate
Recover Recoup
Terminate End
Admit Accept
Infinite Endless
Authentic Factual
Tentative Provisional
Appraisal Estimation
Masterpiece Model
Ascend Mount
Ugly Hateful
Condemn Blame
Detect Discover
Confidential Secret
Absolute Limitless
Icon Painting
Bifurcated Forked
Liberty Freedom
Demise End
Drowsy Sleepy
Synthetic Artificial
Charter Document
Abbreviate Shorten
Antonyms
The Antonym is taken to be synonymous with opposite but with more restricted meanings. There are three types of
antonyms i.e. graded antonym, complementary antonyms and relational antonyms.
W O R D A N T O N Y M
Tragedy Comedy
Start Finish
Universal Regional
Synthetic Natural
Transparent Opaque
Vulgar Refined
Boost Hinder
Nervous Bold
Discount Premium
Comic Tragic
Facsimile Original
Addition Substraction
Bridge Open
Attract Repel
Gratuity Wages
Eclipse Shine
Foreigner Native
Ignore Redress
Official Private
Prohibit Permit
Density Rarity
Appointment Dismissal
Challenge Accept
Commend Dislike
Obsolete Recent
Immediate Slow
Harmony Discord
Justify Accuse
Catholic Narrow Minded
Destroy Create
Brilliant Dull
Parallel Divergent
Auspicious Unfavourable
Vague Definite
Crowded Lonely
One Word Substitute
One word substitute is the word(s) that replace a group of words or a complete sentence effectively without creating any
kind of ambiguity in meaning. It is written so precisely that everyone could understand it easily.
Matter One Word
Examine one’s own thoughts and feelings
Introspection
A short story about a real person or event
Anecdote
Woman who offers herself on payment for
sexual intercourse Prostitute
Life History of a person written by another
person Biography
Custom of having many wives
Polygamy
Anything written in a letter after it is signed
Postscript
One who always runs away from danger
Timid
A post with no work
but high pay Sinecure
A person living permanently in a
Domicile
certain place
The Art of cutting trees and bushes into
ornamental shape Topiary
Walking in sleep Somnambulism
One who lends money at high rate of interest
Usurer
Woman trained to help other woman in child
birth Midwife
The School or college in which one has been
educated Alma mater
A person who is always dissatisfied
Malcontent
Person who has long experience
Veteran
A man who pays too much attention on his clothes & appearance
Dandy
A man who dances to the tunes of his wife
Henpecked
An old unmarried
woman Spinster
A person who enters without any invitation
Intruder
One who does not know how to save
money Spendthrift
Combination of two or more companies
engaged in different businesses
Conglomerate
A person who wishes to
throw over all establshments
Anarchist
A person who collects Coins
Numismatist
A school for infants and young children
Kindergarten (KG)
One who resides in a country of which he is
not a citizen Alien
One who draws Maps and Charts
Cartographer
A story that can hardly be believed
Inredible
Idioms and Phrases
Idioms are the words, phrases or expressions which are made in metaphorical way to make the language
colourful. They are commonly used in day to day conversation by the people.
Ekq gk o jk Idiom or Phrase
Caknj D;k tkus vnj[k dk
Lokn
Cast pearls before
swine
va/kksa esa dkuk jktk A figure among
cyphers
vkx esa ?kh Mkyuk Add fuel and fire
v/kty xxjh Nydr tk; Deep rivers move
with silent majesty
vc iNrk; gksr D;k tc
fpfM;k pqx xbZ [ksr
It is too late to lock
stable door
vkleku ls fxjk [ktwj esa
vVdk
Out of frying pan into the fire
vk/kh NksM iwjh dks /kkos] vk/kh
feys u iwjh ikos
Quit not certainty
for hope
vius eqag fe;ka feV~Bw cuuk Self praise is no
recommendation
vius iSjksaa ij [kMk gksuk Stand on one’s own
legs
Ckn vPNk cnuke cqjk A bad name is
better than bad
fcYyh ds HkkX; ls Nhadk ugha
VwVrk
Cattle don’t die from
crow’s cursing
Cksk;s isM ccwy dk] vke dgka
ls ik;
Gather thistles and expect pickles
cMsak dh cMh ckrsa High winds blow on
high hills
fcuk ejs LoxZ ugha fn[krk
If you want a thing
well done, do it
yourself
Ckgrh xaxk esa gkFk /kksuk Make Hay while the
sun shines
Cwakn cwan djds ?kMk Hkjuk Many a little makes
a mickle
Hkkxrs Hkwr dh yaxksVh Hkyh Something is better
than nothing
Ckky dh [kky fudkyuk Split hairs
HkSal ds vkxs chu ctkuk Crying in wilderness
Pkkj fnu dh pkanuh fQj va/ksjh
jkr
A Nine Days’
wonder
Pkskj pksj ekSlsjs HkkbZ Birds of a feather
flock together
Pkskj dh nk<h esa frudk Guilty Conscious is
always suspicious
nw/k dk tyk NkN dk Qwad
Qwad dj ihrk gS
A burnt child
dreads the fire
fnu nwuh jkr pkSxquh By Leaps and
Bounds
Mwcrs dks fruds dk lgkjk Drowing Man
catches at Straw
/kksch dk dqRrk] ?kj dk u ?kkV
dk
Whistling maid and
crowing hen are
neither fit for God
nor Men
,d eNyh lkjs rkykc dks
xank djrh gS
A rotten apple
injures its companions
b/kj dqavk m/kj [kkbZ Between Scylia and
Charybdis
,d gkFk ls rkyh ugha ctrh It takes two to make
a quarrel
,d iaFk nks dkt Killing two Birds
with one Stone
gokbZ fdys cukuk Castles in the Air
gFksyh ij ljlksa mxkuk Rome was not built
in a day
tSlh jktk oSlh iztk As the King so are
the Subjects
Tksk xjtrs gSa os cjlrs ugha Barking Dogs
seldom Bite
Tky esa jgdj exj ls cSj
It is hard to live in
Rome and to fight
with Pope
ftldh ykBh mldh HkSal Might is Right
tSls dks rSlk Tit for Tat
Tkkds iSj u QVh fcokbZ oks
D;k tkus ihj ijkbZ
No one knows
weight of another’s
burden
daxkyh esa vkVk xhyk Misfortunes never
come singly
dkuh ds C;kg dks lkS tks[ke Many a slip between
the Cup and Lip
dj cqjk rks gks cqjk Do evil and look for
like
dksbZ dlj u NksMuk Leave no stone
unturned
Ykskgs ds pus pckuk Hard nut to crack
Ykskgs dks yksgk dkVrk gS Diamonds cut
diamond
ykyp cqjh cyk Avarice is the root of
all evils
Eqk[k esa jke cxy esa Nqjh A wolf in Lamb’s
clothing
exjePN ds vkalw Crocodile Tears
Uskdh dj nfj;k esa Mky Do good and cast it
into the river
Ukkp u vkos vkaxu Vs<k
A bad workman quarrels with his
tools
ukS uxn u rsjg m/kkj
A bird in hand is
worth than two in
bush
vksl pkVs I;kl ugha cq>rh A fog cannot be
dispelled by a fan
Qwyksa dh lst A bed of Roses
Iwkr ds iSj ikyus esa fn[kkbZ nsrs
gSa
Coming events cast
their shadow before
jaxs gkFk idMuk Catch Red Handed
jkst dqavk [kksnuk] jkst ikuh
ihuk
Living from Hand to Mouth
jkbZ dk igkM cukuk Make a Mountain of
a mole hill
Lkkap dks vkap ugha Pure gold does not
fear the flame
Lkkou ds va/ks dks gjk gh gjk
fn[kkbZ nsrk gS
Everything looks
yellow to a
jaundiced eye
Rskrs ikao ilkfj;s] tsrh ykach
lkSj
Cut your coat
according to cloth
FkksFkk puk ckts ?kuk An empty vessel
sounds much
mYVs ckal cjsyh Carry Coal to new
Castle
maph nqdku Qhdk idoku Great Cry little wool
maV ds eqag esa thjk A drop in the Ocean
Clipped or Shortened Words
A word, formed by dropping one or more syllables from a longer word or phrase
with no change in meaning.
Clipped Word Meaning
Ad Advertisement
Auto Automobile
Bit Binary Digit
Burger Hamburger
Coop Cooperative
Cuppa A Cup of Tea
Disc Compact Disc
Fax Facsimile
Flu Influenza
Fridge Refrigerator
Gas Gasoline
Gym Gymnasium
Hanky Handkerchief
Maths Mathematics
Memo Memorandum
Mike Microphone
Pant Pantaloon
Psych Psychology
Pub Public House
Stats Statistics
Taxi Taxicab
Van Caravan
Veggy Vegetarian
Typical words in Pronunciation
Anaesthesia Assassination Bureaucratic Conscientious
Diarrhea Pneumonia Entrepreneur Fahrenheit
Haemorrhage Hotch Potch Incandescent Condescendence
Inconspicuous Millennium Mediterranean Onomatopoeia
Paediatrics Pasteurisation Renaissance Rhinoceros
Septuagenarian Restaurateur Onomatopoeia Seychelles
Saccharine
Strengths (longest
single vowel word) Psychiatrist Lieutenant Opthalmologist
Pseudopseudohypo-parathyroidism (Largest
Single Word)
Tripertite and Typewriter (Single line
on Key Board) Thiruvananthapuram
Dermatoglyphics (longest word with no repetition of letters)
Domestic Items
Lkkeku dk uke Name of Item
fQVdjh Alum
Lqkjek Antimony
daxu Bracelet
lkMh dkaVk Brooch
Lkqgkxk Borax
eB Cloister
dRFkk Catechu
diwj Camphor
Qkuwl Chandelier
dMkgh Cauldron
‘ka[k Caunch
NSuh Chisel
byk;phnkuk Comfit
Ckjek Drill
jsrh File
twa Louse
tkSad Leech
fVM~Mk Locust
[kjy Mortar
dLrwjh Musk
Xsk# Ochre
jtkbZ Quilt
Pkyuh Sieve
Qjlk Spade
vkjh Saw
cVu Stud
Ckksjk Sack
eqdqV Tiara
jUnk Trying Plane
flanwj Vermilion
fxn~/k Vulture
?kwa?kV Veil
eV~Bk Whey
ma?kuk Yawning
Stock Market and Indices
BSE/NSE
A stock market index is a method of measuring the value of a section of the stock market. It is computed from the prices of selected stocks. It is a tool used by investors and financial managers to describe the market. A close and fundamental study helps a person to identify the market.
Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) is a stock exchange located on Dalal Street, Mumbai. It is 10th largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization. It was established in 1875 and was recognized by Govt. of India in 1956. It is India's Oldest Stock
Exchange with listing of over 4000 scripts with it. This is not fully automated yet but progress towards full automation is underway.
Sensex means Sensitivity Index, an abbreviation of the Bombay Exchange Sensitive Index. It is major index of BSE and it comprise of 30 scripts from different sectors.
The National Stock Exchange (NSE) is stock exchange located at Mumbai. It is the 11th largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization and largest in India by daily turnover and number of trades for both equities and derivative trading. It has over 1652 stocks listed.
The NSE's key index is known as NIFTY (National Stock Exchange
Fifty), an index of fifty major stocks weighted by market capitalization. It has more than 2000 stocks from different sectors listed with it. It is fully automated electronic order processing exchange.
Sensex 30 Listed Companies
BSE Sensex currently consists of the following 30 major companies-
No. S t o c k Name of the Company(s)
1 Consumer Finance Housing Development Finance Corporation
2-3 Pharmaceutical Cipla Sun Pharma
4 Electrical Equipment B.H.E.L.
5-6 Banking
State Bank of India H.D.F.C. Bank
7 I.C.I.C.I. Bank
8-9
Automotives
Hero Motocorp Mahindra & Mahindra
10-11 Tata Motors Maruti Suzuki
12 Bajaj Auto Ltd.
13-14 Information Technology
Infosys Wipro Ltd.
15 Tata Consultancy Services (TCS)
16-17 Oil & Gas
O.N.G.C. Reliance Industries Ltd.
18 GAIL
19-20 Power Tata Power N.T.P.C.
21-22 Metals & Mining
Hindalco Industries Sterlite Industries
23 Coal India
24 Steel Tata Steel
25-26 Conglomerate Larsen & Toubro I.T.C.
27 Consumer Goods Hindustan Unilever Ltd.
28 Steel & Power Jindal Steel & Power
29 Telecommunication Bharti Airtel
30 Real Estate D.L.F.
STT, Dividend, Margin Money
Securities Transaction Tax (STT) is a tax on the value of shares bought and sold on a stock exchange irrespective of your profit or loss. It was introduced in the year 2004-2005.
o The current rate of STT is
0.125% of the transaction volume. STT is not applicable on Government Securities, Bonds, Debentures and Mutual Fund.
Dividends are payments made by a corporation to its shareholder members. It is the portion of corporate profits paid out to stockholders. When a corporation earns a profit or surplus, that money can be put to two uses.
o It can either be reinvested in the business or it can be distributed to shareholders. There are two ways to distribute cash to shareholders, either share repurchases or dividends.
o Many corporations retain a portion of their earnings and pay the remainder as a dividend. A dividend is allocated as a fixed amount per share. As per the Income Tax Act, the tax is exempted on Dividends.
Margin Money is borrowing money from your broker to buy a stock and using your investment as collateral. Investors generally
use margin to increase their purchasing power so that they can own more stock without fully paying for it.
o Margin accounts can be very risky and they are not suitable for everyone. You
can lose more money than you have invested. You may have to deposit additional cash or securities in your account on short notice to cover market losses.
Major Up and Downs of Sensex
Sensex Raised to Date Sensex Raised to Date
1000 25th July, 1990 12000 20th April, 2006
2000 15th Jan, 1992 13000 30th Oct., 2006
3000 29th Feb., 1992 14000 5th Dec., 2006
4000 30th March, 1992 15000 6th July, 2007
5000 8th Oct., 1999 16000 19th Sept., 2007
6000 11th Feb., 2000 17000 26th Sept., 2007
7000 20th June, 2005 18000 9th Oct., 2007
8000 8th Sept., 2005 19000 15th Oct., 2007
9000 28th Nov., 2005 20000 29th Oct., 2007
10000 6th Feb., 2006 21000 7th Jan., 2008
11000 21st March, 2006
Fall of Sensex was recorded on a single day
Year Date Down Pts. Date Down Pts.
2011 4th Feb. 442 11th Feb. 834
24th Feb. 546 22nd Sept. 704
2010 12th Nov. 432 16th Nov. 444
2009 7th Jan. 749 6th July 870
17th Aug. 627
2008 21st Jan. 1408 22nd Jan. 857
11th Feb. 834 13th March 771
17th March 951 27th June 600
15th Sept. 710 6th Oct 725
10th Oct. 800 24th Oct. 1070
2007 18th Jan. 688 31st March 727
16th August 643 17th Oct. 717
21st Nov. 678 17th Dec. 769
2006 18th May 826
Indices of other Countries
G o l d
old is a bright yellow color metal. It is not soluble in any single acid except aquarazia (a mixture
of Nitric Acid and Hydrochloric Acid in 1:3 ratio). It is a valuable precious metal for coinage, jewellery etc. The last gold coin currencies were issued in 1932 in United States of America. In Europe most of the countries stopped gold standard after World War I in 1914. The softness of pure gold is measured as 24 carat. While making jewellery, some percentage of copper and/or silver etc. is mixed for hardness, color and ductility of gold ornaments. 18 carat gold contains 25% of copper. It is a very costly metal because of its extraction from its ores. 10 gram gold is
extracted from 250 kg. ores. In world oceans, about 15000 tons of gold is deposited in the form of rocks etc. A total of 171,300 tonnes of gold have been mined in human history. Present value of the entire gold is US$ 5.0 trillion. The world consumption of the gold produced is about 50% in jewellery, 40% in investments and 10% in industry. The maximum stock of Gold are in the form of jewellery, coins and bars and in Industries at the ratio of 52%, 16% and 12% respectively. Gold Reserve is the gold held by a Nation as a store of value and as a guarantee to redeem promises to pay Depositors, Note Holders i.e. Currency or trading peer.
Australia (ASX)
China (SSE)
France (CAC)
Germany (DAX) Hong Kong
(Hang Sang)
India (Nifty)
Indonesia (IHSG)
Japan (Nikkei) Pakistan (KSE)
Russia (MICEX)
Singapore (FTSE)
South Africa (FTSE)
S.Korea (KOSPI)
Sri Lanka (ASPI)
U.K. (FTSE)
U.S.A. (Dow Jones, Nasdaq)
G
Top 20 Gold Reserve Countries
S.
No. Country
Total
Stock
Foreign
Reserve
1 Euro Area 10800 60.7%
2 United States 8100 77%
3 Int’l Monetary
Fund 2800 --
4 Germany 3400 74%
5 Italy 2450 73%
6 France 2435 73%
7 China 1050 94%
8 Switzerland 1050 17%
9 Russia 950 10%
10 Netherlands 600 58%
11 India 560 11%
12 Portugal 400 80%
13 Venezuela 360 52%
14 United
Kingdom 310 17%
15 Austria 280 56%
16 Pakistan 185 20%
17 South Africa 125 12%
18 Greece 110 80%
19 Canada 4 0.2
20 Japan 765 4%
Total :: 30500
Ton
History of Gold Prices
Year INR @ per
10 gm.
Average Hike %
per year
1930 20 --
1935 30 10%
1940 36 4%
1945 60 13%
1950 100 13%
1955 80 -5%
1960 110 7%
1965 70 -7%
1970 180 30%
1975 540 40%
1980 1330 30%
1985 2100 12%
1990 3200 10%
1995 4650 9%
2000 4400 -0.7%
2002 5000 7%
2003 5300 6%
2004 6000 13%
2005 6200 3%
2006 8500 37%
2007 9400 11%
2008 10000 6%
2009 13400 34%
2010 16800 25%
2011 22200 30%
2012 28000 25%
2013 31500 Current year….
Branded Jewellery in Indian Market
Since the Indian consumer is changing day by day, there are so many brand names in Indian market.
Tanishq is the largest jewellery retailer in India, launched by I.T.C. Ltd.
Nakshatra is a brand name for being the first diamond jewelry range in the country.
D’Damas is a business house of Gitanjali Group, one of the largest manufacturers of diamonds in India.
Nirvana is a range of crafted diamond jewellery by Fine Jewellery Ltd., largest exporter of Diamond Jewellery.
Gili, first branded jewellery of India started in 1994.
Kiah diamond jewellery, a business house of Sheetal Group has a collection of alluring
diamonds studded in white and yellow gold.
Orra is also a leading diamond jewellery brand in Indian market.
Sangini Diamond Trading Company was started in 2004.
Adora diamond jewellery was launched in 2003 by Jewellery (I) Pvt. Ltd. of Mumbai.
Parts of the Building and House
A house has different names of locations if the style of making is changed.
Kind Description
Duplex
It is two separate residences which looks like two houses
put together, shares a wall between two houses. Attached side by side.
Flat It contains a common space
for staircase and built on entire floor.
Bungalow A single storey house with
all rooms on a floor and without basement.
Villa An Upper Class House
Farm House A residence on a Farm.
Barrack A type of military house with row of bunk beds and attach
bathroom facility.
Mansion A very large detached house.
Igloo A house built on Ice
Hotel/Inn A place which provides both
boarding and lodging
Pant House Top floor of any multi storey
building
Cottage A single storey house with
wood work
Studio Apt.
A suite with single room as Living and Sitting and Bed
Room with Kitchen and Bath
room.
Micro House A house built in a very
compact space for sleeping,
cooking and toilet etc.
Mess or Bedshit
Single bedroom per tenant
with common facility for toilet, bath and kitchen. Has very limited space for sitting
and sleeping etc.
Rail Road Apt.
A type of apartment, built in a narrow plot.
Shop House
A house on street level with
residential facility on upper floor and shop on ground
level.
Castle A very defensive structure built under the ground or shedded with hard roof.
Maisonette An apartment on two levels with internal stair facility.
Love Icons of History
Dhola and Maaru - Dhola was a prince of Narwar and Maaru was princess of Poogal. The couple were married in their childhood by their parents. Dhola’s father King died and Dhola forgot to marry Maaru and married another princess Malwani. So many
messages were sent to Dhola by Maaru’s side but the messages could not be received by Dhola. A group of Folk Singers were sent to Narwar and then Dhola could know about his first love.
o As usual, so many hurdles came to their way but finally
Dhola reached to Poogal and they united each other. While returning to Narwar after marriage, Maaru is bitten by a snake and died. Dhola also decided to burn himself but was saved by few saints who claimed that they will alive Maaru. They treated Maaru and finally could bring Maaru back to life.
o Again, they were tried to kill by Umar Sumar, a king of Narwar, who wanted Maaru to marry, but the couple escaped from there on a camel and lived life long happily with Malwani also.
Layla and Majnun - A real story of
7th century of Arabian Peninsula of Qays Ibn al Mulawwah (Qeith). They fell in love with each other. Layla’s father denied to merry Qeith. Qeith started composing Poems and Layla was married to another person.
o When Qeith heard about the marriage, he began wandering the surrounding desert. Layla moved to Iraq with her husband where she fell ill and finally died.
Shirin and Farhad - It is a love
story of Persian King Khosrow II who fell in love with Armenian
Princess, Shirin. Shirin was niece of princes of Armenia. She fell in love with Khusro after seeing his picture only. She left the palace and started to move to Khusro’s palace meanwhile Khusro also left his palace to search for Shirin. On the way, they saw each other but could not recognize.
o On a later stage, when Khusro met Shirin, she denied to marry him. Khusro tried to send his Architect friend Farhad for the marriage proposal to
shirin’s palace. But Farhad himself fell in love with Shirin.
o Khosrow sent Farhad in exile to rock mountains with an impossible task of carving stairs in Iran. Khosrow sent a false message to Farhad about Shirin's death. Hearing this false news, Farhad throws himself from the
mountaintop and dies. Shirin also kills herself.
Heer and Ranjha - Heer was very
beautiful woman who born in a wealthy Jaat family of Jhang, Pakistan. Ranjha (Full name was Dheedo Ranjha) was also a Jat and lived in Takht Hazara, near river Chenab. He was very fond of playing flute.
o Due to family disturbances, Ranjha left the home and reached to Heer’s village and fell in love with her. Heer offered Ranjha as Caretaker of her father’s cattle. They met each other secretly until they were caught by Heer’s family member. Heer was not allowed to meet Ranjha.
o Ranjha reached to Baba Gorakhnath and both met Heer’s family and agreed to marry Heer with Ranjha. On the wedding day, Heer died
due to poisonous food given by her jealous uncle Kaido.
o Hearing this news, Ranjha also took the same sweet and died. They were buried at Jhang.
Sohni and Mahival – It is a story of
18th century of Gujarat town at Pakistan. Sohni was a beautiful daughter of a potter named Tulla. His shop was near the River Chenab where there was a caravan trade route between Bukhara and Delhi.
o As Sohni grew up, she would draw floral designs on Surahis and mugs when it came off the wheels. Izzat Baig, a rich trader from Bukhara came to India and saw the beautiful Sohni there. Sohni fell in love with Izzat Baig (Mahival).
o Mahival took up the job of a servant in her house. He grazed his buffaloes also
there. When the people got to know about the affairs of Sohni and Mahiwal, her parents arranged her marriage with another potter without her consent.
o Mahival also started living like a Faqir across the river.
Taking advantage of the darkness, Sohni and Mahival started meeting together across the river.
o One day when Sohni tried to cross the river with the help of the pitcher, it dissolved in the water and Sohni drowned in the river. After seeing it, Mahiwal also jumped into the river and drowned as well. They were
buried in Sindh, Pakistan.
Romeo and Juliet, Julius and Caesar are the tragedy stories written by William Shakespeare written in the year 1599.
Mathematical Functions
Formula for divisible by any digit
Divisible by 2 – Any number
which is divisible by 2, it must be having last digit as even number i.e. 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8. E.g. 136, 2058, 34444, 505052, 1000000 etc.;
Divisible by 3 - Any number is divisible by 3, if the sum of all digits is divisible by 3 e.g. 582,
101010, 76578, 9501 etc.;
Divisible by 4 – Any number is divisible by 4 if the last two digits are divisible by 4 e.g. 24, 564, 6708, 55544, 101012 etc.;
Divisible by 5 - Any number is divisible by 5 if the last digit is
either 0 or 5 e.g. 1000, 40505, 7605, 9988650 etc.
Divisible by 6 – Any number is divisible by 6 if both conditions of 2 and 3 above fulfils i.e. the sum of all digits must be divisible by 3 and the last digit is an even number e.g. 5622, 1944, 13050, 47850, 248256 etc.
Divisible by 7 – The calculation of
finding the formula is little complicated rather than other numbers above. Start with the following process to find whether a number (take 79656164) is divisible by 7 or not?
Unit 10th 100th 1000th 10000th Lacs 10-lac Crores Remarks
4 6 1 6 5 6 9 7
Same+ 3times+ 2times- Same- 3times- 2times+ Same+ 3times …So on
4+ 18+ 2- 6- 15- 12+ 9+ 21
The Sum comes 21… which is divisible by 7.
The above formula works for the
figure 79656164 as 4 + 3(6) + 2(1) – 6 – 3(5) – 2(6) + 9 + 3(7) = 4+18+2-6-15-12+9+21 = 21 which is divisible by 7. Hence the above figure is divisible by 7. (
o Repeat the sequence after 6th
digit i.e. +7th digit +3 times 8th digit +2 times 9th digit – 10th digit and so on. If the
whole sum is divisible by 7, then the original number is divisible by 7.
Divisible by 8 - Any number is
divisible by 8 if the last 3 digits is divisible by 8 e.g. 760, 4256, 70768, 530656 etc.
Divisible by 9 – Any number is divisible by 9 if the sum of all digits
is divisible by 9 e.g. 6525, 87219, 55530, 9378, 675198 etc.
Divisible by 10 – Any number is divisible by 10 if the last digit is Zero e.g. 100, 5460, 88090, 710000 etc.
Divisible by 11 – Any number is
divisible by 11 if the difference of the sums of alternating digits is divisible by 11 or it is 0 e.g. 75295 = sum of
1st, 3rd and 5th digit (from either side) is 14 and sum of 2nd and 4th digit is also 14, the difference comes ‘0’, hence it is divisible by 11. Another example is 775296500 = 7+5+9+5+0 (sum 26) minus 7+2+6+0 (sum 15) = difference 11, hence the number is divisible by 11.
Conversions
DISTANCE
1 Inch 2.54 cm.
1 Meter 1.094 yards
1 Feet 0.3048 Meter
1 Km. 0.62 miles
1093 yards
1 Mile
5280 feet
1.609 km.
8 furlong
1 Nautical Mile 6080.2 feet
1.853 kms.
1 Furlong 220 yards
201 metre
1 Yard 3 feet
91.44 cm.
VOLUME
1 Litre 0.22 Gallon
1 Gallon 4.546 Litres
1 Cusec 28.32 Litre/sec.
1 cu.m. 35.3 cu.ft.
1 cup 236.5 ml.
1 Table Spoon 15 ml.
1 Tea Spoon 5 ml.
A R E A
1 Sq. Meter 1.196 sq. yards
10.76 sq.ft.
1 sq. yard 0.86 sq.m.
1 Sq. feet 0.093 sq.m.
1 Acre 4840 sq. yards
4046.9 sq.m.
1 sq.mile
640 Acre
2.59 sq.km.
3,100,000 sq.
yards
1 Hectare 2.47 Acre
I Link 0.666 inches
1 Bigha
2603.7 sq. yards
20 Biswa
400 Biswansi
0.253 hectare
1 Chain 66 feet
10 chains 1 furlong
W E I G H T S
1 Kg. 2.2 Pound
1 Pound 453.6 gms.
16 oz.
1 Ounce 28.35 gms.
1 Carat 0.2 gm.
Standard Size of Papers
A 0 841 x 1189 mm
A 1 594 x 841 mm
A 2 420 x 594 mm
A 3 297 x 420 mm
A 4 210 x 297 mm
A 5 148 x 210 mm
A 6 105 x 148 mm
A 7 74 x 105 mm
(*) Follow Further Details
OTHERS
OC to oF (C*1.8)+32
OF to oC (F-32)*0.56
1 km./hr. 0.278 m/sec.
(*) Paper Sizes
The international paper size
standard is based on the German DIN 476 standard that is called Series ‘A’. The Paper sizes are based on a ratio of 1 : √2 i.e. 1:1.4142. The A0 size of paper is 1 meter by 1 metre in length and width which is called 1 m2.
When it is rounded to millimetres, it comes to 841 x 1189 mm. or in inches it is 33.1 × 46.8 inches. Successive paper sizes in the series A1, A2, A3 etc. are defined by halving the preceding paper size along the larger dimension.
The most frequently used paper size is A4 measuring 210 x 297 mm or 8.3 x 11.7 inches.
‘A’ series paper sizes are adopted by entire world except United States of America and Canada.
‘B’ series standard of papers is
geometric mean of successive A series sheets so B1 is between A0 and A1 in size with an area of 0.707 m2.
Posters are printed on B-series standard papers. The books are relatively printed on B5 size. The B Series is also used for making envelopes and Passports.
The current standard sizes of United States of America and Canada are named as "Letter", "Legal", "Ledger" and "Tabloid". The Letter size paper is 215.9×279.4; Legal 215.9×355.6; Junior Legal 203.2×127; Ledger 432×279 and Tabloid 279×432 mm.
Measurement of all Paper sizes
Standard Format A – Series (mm.) B – Series (mm.) C – Series (mm.)
0-size 841 x 1189 1000 x 1414 917 x 1297
Size 1 594 x 841 707 x 1000 648 x 917
Size 2 420 x 594 500 x 707 458 x 648
Size 3 297 x 420 353 x 500 324 x 458
Size 4 210 x 297 250 x 353 229 x 324
Size 5 148 x 210 176 x 250 162 x 229
Size 6 105 x 148 125 x 176 114 x 162
Size 7 74 x 105 88 x 125 81 x 114
Size 8 52 x 74 62 x 88 57 x 81
Size 9 37 x 52 44 x 62 40 x 57
Size 10 26 x 37 31 x 44 28 x 40
Number Count in advance language
Multiple Affix Numeral Symbol
10 Deca Ten Da
102 Hecto Hundred H
103 Kilo Thousand K
106 Mega Million M
109 Giga Billion G
1012 Tera Trillion T
1015 Peta Quadrillion P
1018 Exa Quintillion E
10-1 Deci One Tenth D
10-2 Centi One
hundreth C
10-3 Milli One
thousanth M
10-6 Micro One
millionth µ
10-9 Mano One
billionth N
10-12 Pico One
trillionth P
10-15 Femto One
quadrillonth F
10-18 Atto One
quintillionth A
Metrication in India
Metrication is the process of converting to the metric system based on the International System of Units (SI).
India adopted this new Metric system with effect from October, 1958. The Indian Coins became legal tender in April 1957 where the rupee consists of 100 paise.
A relaxation for next five years was allowed where both old and new systems were legal.
Since 1962 only new system is in force and all other systems are banned.
Today all official measurements are made in the metric system. However, some measurements are still recorded in old system such as heights of mountains in
feet, road width in feet, body temperature in Fahrenheit, sizes of houses in square feet and land in acres etc.
Till now, only three countries namely United States of America, Myanmar and Liberia have not adopted the International System of Units metric system as their official system of weights and measures.
Questions Related to this Chapter 1. How many metre are in a feet? (a) 0.3048 m (b) 0.3642 m (c) 0.4048 m (d) 0.4042 m 2. In which period the gold rate was dropped by almost 7% from its previous value? (a) During Indo China War (1962-66) (b) During Emergency (1974-77) (c) PMship of Morarji Desai (1976-80)
(d) PMship of PV Narsimha Rao (1991-96).
3. ‘Logarithms’ was invented by? (a) John Napier (b) John Neparcus (c) John Adams (d) John Routland 4. Which dry fruit item is covered with three cells before it is consumed? (a) Pistachio (b) Charoli (c) Walnut (d) Almond 5. What is a common word used if a company is engaged in different businesses in different locations including out of country? (a) MNC (b) Conglomerate (c) Alma matar (d) Subsidiaries 6. What is the current rate of tax on STT in share market trading? (a) 0.2% (b) 0.125% (c) 0.02% (d) 0.05% 7. How many Cubic Inches are there in a Cubic Feet? (a) 1676 inches (b) 4011 inches (c) 5176 inches (d) 1728 inches 8. How many pieces of 5x5x10 cms cake can be cut from a large cake of 5x30x30 cms.? (a) 10 cakes (b) 15 cakes (c) 18 cakes (d) 30 cakes 9. How many feet does a Nautical Mile has? (a) 7060 Feet (b) 6570 feet
(c) 6080 feet (d) 8090 feet 10. How many hectares does one acre cover? (a) 6 hectares (b) 0.6 hectares (c) 0.4 hectares (d) 4 hectares 11. Which Reference Book reigns as the ‘All Time Best Seller’? (a) Oxford Dictionary
(b) World’s Atlas (c) Guinness Book of Records (d) Railway Time Table 12. Which is the most frequently used English word in writing? (a) of (b) To (c) The (d) A 13. Which is the least often used Alphabet in English writing? (a) Q (b) Z (c) X (d) W 14. What is called if a house with all rooms made on a single floor but without basement? (a) Villa (b) Mansion (c) Flat (d) Bungalow 15. How many stocks are listed in BSE share market? (a) 1600 (b) 2800 (c) 4000 (d) 5500 16. Which country is the largest producer of Peanut? (a) India (b) China (c) Myanmar (d) U.S.A. 17. Who created ZERO? (a) Bhaskaracharya (b) Newton (c) Aryabhatta (d) Brahm Gupta 18. One Nautical mile is NOT equivalent to? (a) 6080 ft. (b) 1760 yds. (c) 9.2 furlong (d) 1.85 kms.
19. Which vowel of English Alphabet occurs most often in writing? (a) ‘a’ (b) ‘e’ (c) ‘i’ (d) ‘o’ 20. Which is the best selling book all over the world? (a) Ramayan (b) Geeta (c) Bible .. (d) Quraan 21. By which number, the figure 54433211 is divisible fully?
(a) 3 (b) 7 (c) 9 (d) 11 22. What percentage of paper is used in typing by leaving Margin on a standard format? (a) 30% (b) 40%
(c) 50% (d) 65% 23. Which Play is not a Play of Shakespeare series? (a) Diplomacy (b) Merchant of Venice (c) Measure for Measure (d) The Winter’s Tale 24. One Bigha land is equal to? (a) 20 Bishwa (b) 2.5 Acre app. (c) 1 hectare (d) 4840 sq.yds.
25. In International system of Units Metric System of Weights and Measures, other than United States, which country has not adopted this system as yet? (a) Japan (b) Pakistan (c) Myanmar (d) Russia
Scoring System
The questions are divided into ten slabs of rating, as usual which has a numeral
value. These letters are A, B, D, E, G, H, L, N, O and S.
Q. – Ans. Q. – Ans. Q. – Ans. Q. – Ans. Q. – Ans.
1 – a 2 – a 3 – a 4 – c 5 – b
6 – b 7 – d 8 – c 9 – c 10 – b
11 – c 12 – c 13 – b 14 – d 15 – c
16 – b 17 – d 18 – b 19 – b 20 – c
21 – b 22 – c 23 – a 24 – a 25 – c
Bibliography:
When I compiled this chapter, I took help of some websites related to it. The
following quotes and references were visited.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_reserve
http://infobharti.com/indias-top-10/top-10-diamond-jewellery-brands-of-india.php
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper_size
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metrication_in_India http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock_market Manorama Guide upto 2012.
Thank You!
15th
part of the Book of The Key to Success
Grammar, Conversion Table,
Groceries etc.
has been released. Hope you are enjoying.
Now in this part of book you will find knowledge
regarding Indian Groceries, English Grammar
including Synonyms, Antonyms, One Word
Substitute, Idioms and Phrases, Gold Prices
and Countries, Parts of Buildings, Love Icons,
Conversion Table, Paper Sizes and many more.
I tried to give you as much information as
possible regarding the above subject even
knowing that there is too much to write on the
subject matter.
Again I request you all to share it with your
friends too. Very soon you may buy the book in
parts at a discounted rate from various online
services including Amazon.com separately.