The JPARC Neutrino Project – a European Perspective Dave Wark University of Sussex/RAL DESY...

The JPARC Neutrino Project – a European Perspective

Dave WarkUniversity of Sussex/RAL

DESYOctober 6, 2003

Major Physics Goals of the JPARC – Kamioka Neutrino Project

• Goals of Phase I: Observation of x disappearance

• determine sin2223

• determine m223

Search for e appearance

• Sensitive to sin2213

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University of Sussex/RAL

DESYOct. 6’03

Dave Wark

m2

sin22

x disappearance

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DESYOct. 6’03

Dave Wark

OA2°

~102 x (K2K)

m2=3x10-3eV2

L=295km

TargetHornsDecay Pipe

Super-K.

Statistics at SK (OAB2deg,1yr,22.5kt)

~4500 tot ~3000 CC e ~0.2% at peak

Off Axis Beam

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DESYOct. 6’03

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m2

sin22

x disappearance

e appearance

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DESYOct. 6’03

Dave Wark

Key Challenge of the Experiment

• Looking for changes in the neutrino properties during flight to far detector.

• So you first must determine the properties of the neutrino beam accurately enough to permit extrapolation to Super Kamiokande.

• Key properties to determine –– Flux– Energy Spectrum

– Intrinsice contamination

– Backgrounds, mostly from NC events

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DESYOct. 6’03

Dave Wark

Why not get beam properties from Monte Carlo?

GHEISHA

GCALORratio

Can we do better?• Need better data on pion production from protons

collisions with the target.

• Where to get it:– HARP?

• Proton beam energy too low• Tracking not good enough for high multiplicities

– FNAL experiment?• Proton beam energy too high• Not tuned for high acceptance for low pion energies

– New European Experiment?• Proton beam energy just right?

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Hadronic Experiment for the Research of Oscillations (HERO)

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• Tracking reconstruction efficiency ~100 % for pions of 1 GeV or more

• Good spatial resolution, particularly near target– Two-track separation

– K0s tagging

• Must handle moderate multiplicities (up to 10 tracks)• Good P and resolution (binning)

– Bin in 250 MeV of P– In 10 mrads bin

Tracking

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DESYOct. 6’03

Dave Wark

• Need to separe p/ and /k up to about 30 GeV.

• Between 1-3 GeV p/, /k TOF techniques

• From 3 GeV: Čerenkov, RICH.

• Redundancy: (cross calibration, efficiency and purity from data): Two Čerenkov detectors.

• RICH needed above 16 GeV

PID

Where to site: CERN? DESY? Somewhere else?

Near detectors (280m,2km)

Target station

Decay volume

Transport line(Super-cond. Mag.)

Overall Layoutof JPARC

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DESYOct. 6’03

Dave Wark

MC study for Muon Monitor J.Kameda (KEK)

We can clearly see the beam center by muons. Lower energy muons (<8 GeV/c) have a good sensitivity for magnet field and for the proton beam position.

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DESYOct. 6’03

Dave Wark

Hadronic punch-through from the beam can’t instrument front part of dump spectrum biased

towards higher energy neutrinos.

Seems to yield little info about neutrino spectra…

Near detectors (280m,2km)

Target station

Decay volume

Transport line(Super-cond. Mag.)

Overall Layoutof JPARC

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DESYOct. 6’03

Dave Wark

280 m Detector(s)

• 280m detector group – Kyoto, KEK, Tokyo, Triumf, Boston, Stonybrook, Barcelona, Valencia

• Idea is to measure properties of the neutrino beam itself and then extrapolate to SK.

• Detector needs to identify CCQE, and e inelastics, and NC events some type of fine-grained tracking calorimeter.– Proton recoils to tag CCQE

– Identify s from inelastics

– Distinguish electrons (from e) and 0s (from NC)

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DESYOct. 6’03

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280 m Detector(s)• Current thinking leans towards two 280 m detectors.

• On axis – – Monitor beam flux and alignment– Measure neutrino beam spectrum for MC tuning– Provide information for extrapolation to SK via a matrix

approach

• Off axis – – Confirm matrix beam prediction

– Determine e contamination, and measure contributions from K decay

– Measure 0 production from NC

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280 m Detector(s)• The main difficulty is that the near detector is

too near to the decay pipe, and therefore sees an extended source. The extrapolation to the far detector is not trivial, and varies rapidly with angle.

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DESYOct. 6’03

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280 m Detector(s)

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DESYOct. 6’03

Dave Wark

Spectrum at 280m

Spectrum at 295 km

Ratio of 2 spectra


too near to the decay pipe, and therefore sees an extended source. The extrapolation to the far detector is not trivial, and varies rapidly with angle.

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too near to the decay pipe, and therefore sees an extended source. The extrapolation to the far detector is not trivial, and varies rapidly with angle.– Make off-axis detector movable

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DESYOct. 6’03

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too near to the decay pipe, and therefore sees an extended source. The extrapolation to the far detector is not trivial, and varies rapidly with angle.– Make off-axis detector movable– Must be very fine grained

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too near to the decay pipe, and therefore sees an extended source. The extrapolation to the far detector is not trivial, and varies rapidly with angle.– Make off-axis detector movable– Must be very fine grained– Get more than 280m away….

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2 km detectors

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DESYOct. 6’03

Dave Wark

４０ｍ

４１

．４

ｍ

50,000 ton water Cherenkov detector 　 (22.5 kton fiducial volume)

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DESYOct. 6’03

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e

0

disappearance

signale

appearance signal

Background from NC

interactions

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DESYOct. 6’03

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DESYOct. 6’03

Dave Wark



• determine sin2223

• determine m223



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DESYOct. 6’03

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• determine sin2223 to ~1%

• determine m223



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DESYOct. 6’03

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• determine m223 to better than 110-4 eV2



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DESYOct. 6’03

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2° off axis

3° off axis







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• Sensitive to sin2213 = 0.006 at 90% c.l. after 5 years

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• Sensitive to sin2213 = 0.006 at 90% c.l. after 5 years

Search for s disappearance

• Goals of Phase II: Perform measurement sensitive to non-zero sin

• Discovery possible for ||>20° if sin2213 > 0.01

Search for proton decay

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DESYOct. 6’03

Dave Wark

European Activities and Plans• Spain

– Barcelona – E. Fernandez, F. Sanchez

– Valencia – J. Burguet, J.J. Gomez Cadenas, A. Tornero

• Italy

– Napoli – V. Palladino

– Padova – M. Mezzetto, M. Laveder

– Roma – U. Dore, P. Loverre, L. Ludovici

• France

– Saclay - J. Bouchez, C. Cavata, J. Mallet, L. Mosca, F. Pierre

• Switzerland– Geneva – A. Blondell, S. Gilardoni, A. Cervera– ETH – A. Rubbia

• United Kingdom– RAL/Sussex – D. Wark– Imperial College – P. Dornan, K. Long (+ 2 to be named later)– Queen Mary Westfield – P. Harrison, C. Cormack, J. Back– Liverpool – J. Dainton, A. Mehta, C. Tournamanis

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DESYOct. 6’03

Dave Wark

European Activities and Plans• Current activities:

• Cooperative analysis on HARP

• A subset have joined and are participating in K2K

• Active involvement in simulations

• Some assistance with magnets (Saclay)

• Plans (currently evolving):• 280m – Fine-grained calorimeter, muon monitor

• 2 km – Fine grained, perhaps liquid argon TPC?

• HERO (?)

• Simulation and analysis

• Meeting at CERN on 21/22 November, all welcome

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DESYOct. 6’03

Dave Wark

2 64 1812

2

Wire　coord.　(m)

DriftCoord.

(m)

Zoom View3.9　m

1.3　m

Full 2D view from the Collection Wire Plane

T600　test　@　Pv:　Run　308　-　Evt　7　

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DESYOct. 6’03

Dave Wark Excuse to build the first magnetized LAr detector?

European Activities and Plans• Current activities:

• Cooperative analysis on HARP

• A subset have joined and are participating in K2K (mainly Spanish and French)

• Active involvement in simulations

• Some assistance with magnets (Saclay)

• Plans (currently evolving):• 280m – Fine-grained calorimeter, muon monitor

• 2 km – Fine grained, perhaps liquid argon TPC?

• HERO (?)

• Simulation and analysis

• Working meeting at CERN on 21/22 November, all welcome

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DESYOct. 6’03

Dave Wark

European Activities and Plans• Critical weaknesses in the European group which

German participation might address:• Need more really active European participants

• Need more beam expertise

• Need more target expertise

• Need more detector expertise for 280m and 2km

• The 2km detector is key to the physics objectives, but funding is not certain – a contribution from Europe to the beam/target would help create the conditions necessary for the 2km to be realized early in the project, and thus offer an opportunity for substantial European participation in the 2km detectors.

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DESYOct. 6’03

Dave Wark

Conclusions• The JPARC neutrino project is an exciting physics

opportunity which has great promise to produce the next major advance in neutrino oscillation physics.

• An effective European collaboration is forming, but needs more people to join in.

• The project is well enough specified to be low risk, but open enough that very substantial contributions to the physics are there to be made.

• We would enthusiastically welcome German participation.

• JOIN US!

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Dave Wark

TargetHornsDecay Pipe

Super-K.Off Axis Beam

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DESYOct. 6’03

Dave Wark

cos

22

pEm

mEmE

N

N

ccQE

inelastic

+ n → + p +n

+ n → + p

(E , p)

beam energy

ccQEcc-inelastic

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DESYOct. 6’03

Dave Wark

The JPARC Neutrino Project – a European Perspective Dave Wark University of Sussex/RAL DESY...

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