THE ISSUE SCENARIOS KEY TRENDS AND ... - Candy Chang · HOW DO YOU PLAN FOR THE IN THE WORLD? THE...
Transcript of THE ISSUE SCENARIOS KEY TRENDS AND ... - Candy Chang · HOW DO YOU PLAN FOR THE IN THE WORLD? THE...
FASTEST GROWING AREA
HOW DO YOU PLAN FOR THE
IN THE WORLD?
THE ISSUE SCENARIOSthree potential futuresBelow are three potential scenarios for metropolitan development and their consequences for Ruiru.
KEY TRENDS AND CHALLENGES ASSETS KEY RECOMMENDATIONS
Receptive municipal council
(Source: Earth Forum, Houston Museum of Natural Science; World Resources Institute data)
Extreme, 5% or more
peri-urbanTransitional zone with unique
sectoral interaction between
both rural and urban functions
Characteristics:
- Unplanned & often informal development
- Lack of infrastructure
- Administrative responsibilities unclear
- Local and regional inequalities intensifi ed
- Limited fertile land divided
PERCENTAGE OF WORKFORCE EMPLOYED IN AGRICULTURE
URBAN GROWTH 2000-2005(Source: SWI Austria)
High, 4% - 5%
Medium, 1% - 4%
Low, under 1%
Over 75%
50 - 75%
25 - 50%
10 - 25%
under 10%
}
(Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects, 1998 Revision)
(Source: Fairfi eld University)
PERCENTAGE OF WORLD LIVING IN URBAN AREAS
Rural
10
8
6
4
2
Thika Rd
0 2.5 5 Miles
Agriculture
Mixed use
Institutional
Industrial
Mixed commercial / residential
Single family housing
Multi-family housing
Thika Rd
0 2.5 5 Miles
Agriculture
Mixed use
Institutional
Industrial
Mixed commercial / residential
Single family housing
Multi-family housing
0
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
AFRICA
20006.1 billion
Population (in billions)
Lessdeveloped countries
More developed countries
Urban
1950
2000
2030
29.7
47.4
61.1
WORLD POPULATION GROWTH 1750-2150
0 4 8 12 162 MILES
NAIROBI
RUIRU
KENYA
Nairobi city boundariesNairobi metropolitan area Ruiru municipality
NAIROBI METROPOLITAN AREA
Thika Rd
rapid urban growth...The UN estimates that within the next fi ve years, more than half of the world’s population will be living in urban areas. The global population is rapidly increasing and the majority of this growth is occurring in less developed countries.
...in peri-urban areasAfrica is the fastest growing area in the world and predominantly agricultural. The combination of explosive urban growth pushing outward into predominantly rural land has led to a new trend of development on city fringes known as peri-urban areas.
NAIROBI
0 4 8 12 162 MILES
RUIRU
Airport
NAIROBI
Water and Sewage
Road Maintenance
Establishment of Marketing Outlets
Job Creation
Planning and Development Control
Housing
Community development and participation
Refuse Collection (solid waste only)
No
No
No
No
No
Limited
Limited
Limited
Service Responsibilities ofMunicipal Council of Ruiru
Service Rendered
poly-nucleatedIn the poly-nucleated model, Ruiru is one of
many nuclei in the region and has its own
strong self-sustaining economic base
Transportation to support industry and to
provide greater local access for residents
and commercial development
Industrial and commercial base that serves
as a strong contributor to the regional
economy
1
2
mono-nucleatedIn the mono-nucleated model, Ruiru is dominated
by residential uses and dependent upon Nairobi
for jobs and services
Transportation serves primarily commuters
Economic base serves residential population
and does not contribute greatly to the
regional economy
1
2
Agriculture - fertile soil
Commercial
Mixed use
studio goalTo analyze and make a series of select recommendations for the regional planning challenges of Ruiru in the context of the rapidly growing Nairobi metropolitan area
clientRuiru Municipal Council
approach Identify current situation of Ruiru in the metropolitan context Illustrate consequences of current trends Develop strategic sectoral recommendations based on an understanding of current trends, challenges, and opportunities
1
2
3
Industrial
Single family housing
SlumsAgriculture - dry soil
Proposed bypassInstitutional
0 2.5 5 Miles
Thika Rd
Thika Rd
0 2.5 5 Miles
RAPID HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS
0
SPRAWL OF INFORMAL MARKETS
RUIRU
LAND USE MAP OF RUIRU MUNICIPALITY
0
study areaRuiru is located 15 miles northeast of Nairobi along a major road.
land use
economy health governancetransportation
NAIROBI
Proximity to Nairobi
Fertile soils, good climate
Location on major road
Future connection to airport
- Lack of capacity
- Physical Planning Act
- Local Government Act
- Uncontrolled subdivision of
plots consuming rich
agricultural land
PUBLIC VS PRIVATE OWNERSHIP OF LAND
Public (20%)
Private (80%)
- Agriculture employs 80% of workforce. Few opportunities for poor to enter formal economy.Informal market does not provide tax base
- Lack of relationship between all businesses and municipal council
- Infrastructure constraints hindering productivity: roads/transport, electricity, and water/sanitation
- Inadequate sewage and waste disposal system
- Lack of public health facilities
- Signifi cant air quality issues in relation to transportation emissions. Air quality study fi ndings (433 ug/m3) seven times worse than Mexico City and WHO Standard (65 ug/m3)
- Poor and inadequate road conditions
- Lack of public transportation system. Road infrastructure and existing paratransit system (matatus) offer signifi cant opportunities for effi ciency improvements
- Lack of modal separation. High rates of traffi c mortality and poor pedestrian safety
- Trend toward decentralization. Unclear delineation of responsibility between local, regional and national governments
- Lack of municipal capacity and funding. Lack of community participation in the governance and planning process within Ruiru municipality
- Unauthorized and informal land use
- Rapid subdivision and loss of limited fertile land
- 80% of land privately owned
- Lack of land use enforcement
AIR QUALITY STUDY: PM2.5
unplannedRuiru will suffer from the sprawl of informal
housing and markets, as well as the loss of all
fertile land to housing subdivisions
Strong community
land use - Create land use zoning map
- Develop a site and services program for informal developments
- Design a process to integrate all stakeholders in land use decisions
- Integrate Ruiru land use with Nairobi Metropolitan plan
- Promote mixed-use, higher density development
- Develop multi-sectoral business association
- Incorporate a voluntary, non-voting Business Advisor on municipal council
- Tax incentives for infrastructure provision
- Designate industrial park via land consolidation and infrastructure provision
- Institute a more inclusive policy towards informal development
- Evaluation of Alternative Modes Analysis
- Develop and implement a Matatu Rapid Transit System (MRT)
- Classify and improve local roads
- Encourage community prioritization of local roads
- Develop alternative fuel production, in particular biodiesel cultivation
- Improve conditions of public and private pit-latrines
- Establish a community-led sanitation system
- Future air-quality monitoring
- Develop and fi nance sewage infrastructure
- Enhance community participation to increase accountability and
transparency
- Increase information dissemination, knowledgesharing and networking
- Provide monitoring, evaluation and community feedback regarding
municipal programs
- Create Rights Accord between Council and community
transportation
health
economy
governance
studentsMonica Bansal, Alyssa Boyer, Candy Chang, Kay Cheng, Leticia Crispin, Reuel Daniels, Jen Graeff, Beth Helton, Lily Langlois, Ryan Walsh, Eleanne van Vliet
faculty & supportElliott Sclar, Sumila Gulyani, Christie Marcella, Sigurd Grava, Julie Touber, Nicole Volavka, Patrick Kinney, Mike Reilly, University of Nairobi Department of Urban and Regional Planning
poly-nucleated metropolitan development
POTENTIAL FUTURE OF RUIRU
- Strengthen municipal independence and economic value of Ruiru
- Environmental improvement
- Equitable access to opportunities
- Ruiru both a contributor and an asset to the metropolitan region